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Welcome to you all. Myself, Dr. Sopura Kuntiya.

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My name is Dr. Sapira Kuntia, a makes professor in sociology from Mumbai University.

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I am going to present the paper on transgender and human rights transgender and human rights. So in this paper I have divided into I'm divided on

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Have divided. My paper into 4 solidings. First stage introduction, Second is a review of the teacher.

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I have given theoretical debate. And mythology. In methodology, I have taken significance of study, objective of study.

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Analysis analysis I have taken qualitative and quantitative analysis. Have taken the data primary data to analyze the thing and Lastly, this conclusion.

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This is this way I was structured my paper. Okay, so Since long, long the hedras are recorded in cultural history of ancient time.

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It has observed in Mahabara, Ramayana and now the system is prevailing in the society.

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The depiction of this community has inscripted in the temples and monuments. In the blend of time, gender wind Didn't best discrimination and violence against issues in India, one of the pertinent issues is the discrimination and violence against transgender person.

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Transgender is a person whose gender identity differs from the sex of the person. At birth. Their gender behavior identifies do not much with their biological sex from the time of their birth.

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They have been most marginalized, forbidden and deprived section of Indian society. Face discrimination and violence as compared to other genders.

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When the Nalsa judgment came, the transgender community was elated and contented. It was expected that optimum shift would take place in the attitude of the society towards the community.

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However, the results lacking into surgeon. The lack of implementation of the judgment is the reason that they are still fighting against discrimination and not recognizing the society.

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The research paper will look at the various forms of discrimination faced by the third gender. The paper would also see transgenderism in current scenario highlighting the changes brought on account to the judgement.

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The article also looked various legislation and scheme brought by the government for development of the third gender. Bransgender regarded as the third sex and called ajigras in the society.

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They lived in an isolated area. The Ministry of Social Justice and Employment has formulated national label umbrella scheme Name a smile, support for marginalized individuals for livelihood and enterprises.

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This umbrella scheme would cover the several comprehensive measures including welfare major for both transgender person and person who are engaged in acting, begging focus and extensively on rehabilitation, medical facility, counseling, education, skill of development, counseling, education, skill of development, economic linkage, counseling, education, skill of development, economic linkage, etc.

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With the support of development, economic linkage, etc. With the support of state government, local urban bodies, voluntary organization, community best organization and institution.

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The significance of the study, this is the metallology I started according to 2,011 census there were around 4.8 8 locks trust in the people in India they have considerably large number but they are not considered as human beings and face the exclusive from the society till the dead.

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In spite of many years, The issues of gender is still a matter of quest in societal and cultural contest.

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Gender equality still remains a challenging factor to towards the development of society going to the existence of gender stratification prevailing with the social structure in India.

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This paper would analyze the bioteries and troubles have made Name them in this paper the researcher will discuss the issues of discrimination encountered by transgender.

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This would also analyze him transgenderism in the contemporary times while drawing the inferences from Nelson Judgment will discuss welfare scheme in an initiative started by the government and critically scrutinize the transgender person Protection of Rights Acts, 2,019.

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Historic, is, this is the theoretical debate I started here. History of transgender in India.

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Indian mythology offers glimpse of reality at times and and breathe a look at the reflection, the past, stimulated the that the transgender person who are often dedicated to work today were once narrated and appreciated into the extent.

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Right sub-transgender. Transgender people, individual who differs from stereotype of exist only 2 genders that men and women.

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The main problem from which they suffer are lack of education, unemployment, homelessness, lack of health care facilities, depression, alcohol abuse and discrimination throughout the life.

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A recognition of third danger. The landmark judgment National Legal Service Authority that is Nala Union of India, the third gender gained legal recognition in the eyes of law at the honorable Supreme Court rule recognition in the eyes of law at the honorable Supreme Court ruled that the Honorable Supreme Court rule that the fundamental rights should be available to

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the Honourable Supreme Court rule that the fundamental rights should be available to the third gender rights should be available to the third gender in the same way as they are provided to the third gender in the same way as they are provided to male and female.

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The port, however, the Supreme Court of India in its pioneering judgment by the Division Bench of Justice, KS Radhakishnan and AKA security in National Legal Service Authority of Union India right petition civil number 400 or recognizing guy was gender identities.

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Morning to case rather Kishnan the recognition of transgender is a third gender is not a social medical issues but a human rights issue while handling the ruling in Supreme Court.

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Discrimination phase by transgender. Transjitter person face discrimination every face of life because they are not fit to the gender roles every transgender person have encountered verbal sexual physical violence at the last once in their life.

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What are the pace problem in employment, education? Family is loosened from health services. How Sacramentation problem Gender based violence, societal response, lack of legal redress, transgender people face the lack of basic recognition before the law which impests them to recourse for the crime which committed against the

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law. Gender identity issues.

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Prohibition against description to step up the rights of transgender people and protect them from the discrimination the transgender person protection rights act 2,019 includes provision against destination which is most impudently includes provision against destination which is most impudently includes important sectors like employment, education, health care, sectors.

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So education, employment, healthcare, welfare measures, violence and against human rights. Misconception about the transgender transgender is not a term limited to person whose genitals are intermixed but it is blanket term people whose gender expression identify or behavior differs from numbs expected from their birth of sex.

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Area of study for the study of transgender the human rights I have selected Mumbai City which contains large red light areas.

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Transgender are found in different parts of Mumbai cities such as Simon the road Bandra is, endures like Mailea Thasang, Manchenta Foundation, Treaty is because These are the trust neighborhood which estimated to have a 5,000 sex workers who are identified as male female transgender in Mumbai, red light

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area in Thur Bay has been a small lane where it is close to the hilltop, the slum which has been go to the place for sex workers in Mumbai due to aitable factors.

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Objective to assess the socioeconomic status of trans transgender to identify the discrimination encountered by transgender to elucidate the right and history of transgender and to assess the violence faced by the transgender to assess the suggestion on transgender.

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I have done the analysis, so the analysis it is a tape I have collected data and then I have given a qualitative analysis.

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Distribution of identify samples transgender by location. They are located 42% located 42% located at the railway station 33% in bus stand, slum areas.

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25%. I have taken my respondent from this area. Next is distribution of identified sample transgender by age.

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So, Hitty crucial factored them for them as they attracted and the desktop we a good and ultra modern dress pattern by which they can attract others to earn money.

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Higher age may be ugly, which may be barriers for them to get money. And any sort of social and biological relation with alternative sex or homosexuals.

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It is observed that 100 Samples transgender highest 80% are in the age group of 2040 years this year is an acceptable attractable to sow the energetic as to work any type of work for the income generation to manage social economics, 11% in the age group below 20 years and they are also attracting more of

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them about the age group as to motivate and conceive to others satisfied with getting support from managing their socioeconomic status.

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9% transgender are age group more than 40 years in this age group transgender tried to make them more modern at compared to other age groups, justify their eligible status to the others.

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Distributions of identical sample transgender by education. 1, 50% from primary addiction, middle middle education, 41%, secondary education, 5% higher education forces per person.

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No doubt education plays an important role in the daily work of life. Higher education may be good, convincing power as to motivate other justify their wants.

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Lower registration may not be able to convince power as they motivate others to fulfill their wants. Education is important weapon to interact other better way to earn their living.

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As they are untouchable from the society. Now distribution of a distribution of identifies sample past gender by their activities.

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What are the activities they do by begging sanitation workers, SSG group, sexual activity. 79, 16, 5.

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So interaction activity, 79, 16, 5. So interaction of them, I have tried to know the interaction of them, I have tried to know the interaction of them, I have tried to know their activities in which they are involved and getting some money to manage their socio economic expenditure.

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They are involved and getting some money to manage their socio economic expenditures to manage their socio economic expenditure.

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Arch they are excluded from the society, treated as their third gender and expenditure. Arch they are excluded from the society, they are excluded from the society, tated are their third gender and difficult look by the others, tated are their third gender and difficult look by the others they are becoming untouchable.

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So it is essential essential they should find the way to look by the others they are becoming untouchable look by the others they are becoming untouchable, they are becoming untouchable.

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So it is essential essential they should find the way independently to banish themselves in very in the society.

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Transgender are involved in begging work by which they are wondering in the street in the railway station bus turn and upgrades, they are begging passengers and manage the social academy needs followed by 10% genders transgender are involved in sanitation work in collecting vestige from the different dustbin.

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And 6 person can't get involved in cellphone group at getting financial assistance from bank. And involved in mushroom cultivation.

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Chuck to contribution, preparation and making. 5% transgender are involving social activities in the slum area to maintain the livelihood.

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Distribution identified sample transgender by benefit received. Nal attachment by Supreme Court National and State Human Rights Commission of Marista government has taken up various schemes to mainstream them, they are excluded from society as saying hijas, they are humiliated every society, they are being treated.

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Third gender and availability scheme. So all these you have collected, the first pension they wanted pension and 40% they wanted employment to maintain the livelihood and they also wanted pension but shelter that is 10 person, they say we want a basic things to run our human rights, the basic things to maintain our livelihood.

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And a distribution identified sample by transgender by constraint. So when I talked to them during the interaction, I have extracted their constraint facing in that daily life.

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In Mumbai city while they are begging in the street, they are facing humiliation by passengers in most of the time.

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People have negative attitude towards them and they are always feeling discouraged in that of working societies.

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It is observed 60% of transgender opinion that they are feeling discouraged in their way of work.

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25% transgender have opened that they are being humiliated in their work. 15% transgender have opinion that people have negative thoughts towards them in their work.

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A distribution identify a sample by by their suggestion. After discussion regarding the socio economic condition, I tried to draw a suggestion from them and how can they self reliant?

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I came to know they are living in a very precarious situation though they have right to their third gender still they are not happy with the system most of the time they are being humiliated in their work circumstances it is observed that 100 identifies sample transgender 47 transgender has opinion to provide pension At 35%

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they say government should protect them. 18% transgender have a opinion that they need social security to leave happily and work happily.

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Now conclusion. Transgender face. Atrocity and discrimination throughout the life. Because job social stigma prevailing in society.

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Regarding gender and sexual orientation. The Human Rights Commission and Judiciary have taken giant leap to help the people achieve their fight.

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For autonomy. The lack of awareness and implementation of Nalsa judgment at grassroot level and diminished of spirit of decision.

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A specific legislation of rights of transgender cannot conclude their interests are mated down. The researcher would like to suggest social reforms to occur and improve the status of transgender.

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Sensitization of police by the organization by organizing seminar workshop training program will help the community to assess the legal mechanism.

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Every public authorities and private entities must make a rule for representation of transgender person if they are not adequately represented.

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How, how any effective will measures against discrimination may be taken. Education curriculum. Must all ever of young children about gender equality.

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Gender biased, stereotypes so they can respect all the gender at commonplace. Education transgender can reduce gender biasedness, reservation in the school and colleges, put in progressive state towards the empowerment.

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No state can benefit in totality if their minorities are not backed up. Gender development plays a crucial role for the development of the country.

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Legislature shall make effective laws to ensure gender justice. This is the th century, an era of globalized world where the communities at large connecting the society must transform to fight this rooted at large connecting the society must transform to fight this rooted gender rooted gender based norms and stereotype in our country.

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Statistical data is required to measure the direction of positive implementation. It should show the status data status of data in gender economic effect, crimes, against transgender representation in school and in university, income generation and overall development.

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Media and social network have a broader and greater impact social justice. Campaigns to promote gender equality and sensitization would help create ourness among individuals at large.

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Established Hotlines and helplines number to assess to help. And support and they can keep the victims identity a secret and provide them counseling.

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Government must reach the local governments. Village, Council, NGOs to reach the grassroot level and give a special instruction.

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To respond and extended immediate help to any aggrieved transgender person. Our mess up the scapes and fundamental rights of individuals But I amount rest will follow the procedure.

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No so mass Adisement, campus, campaigns, special instruction must be sprayed at large to identify of an individual should be treated with utmost respect.

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The fight of transgender community is to be recognized as human and accepted into the society. They wanted to be treated with the same respect and dignity as everyone in the society.

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I think at the society so we owe them that much. If we take them is the main stream of people like male and female and you can take them equal rights not only legally but also accepted by people.

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Normally people they don't accept it. They they joke them they tell them they don't want to mix up them.

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This created its separation from the society. So if the government doing so lot of laws, implementation but it is not possible unless We change the behaviour, gender behavior of the people, like stereotype male and women, then it is going to only the legal

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And it has been difficult for us to give justice. To the transgender. Not only this justice We are giving because they are also human beings like if male and female, once they get justice, like a male and female, then only we feel we are given justice to human rights.

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So human rights like a male and female, they should get also that right. By this These are the valleys we say, these 3 areas if we do it, then only the society can behold.

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The society cannot progress. The society cannot do anything with without the improving the standard and the acceptance of the transgender.

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So that is the main focus so we should organize many workshops, sensitize the student, sensitize the people, those who are on the street who should do the street show and all these things help the transgender to get the law.

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To the people. So law cannot do unless Laws should be very strict unless we don't accept it then only it is It is very difficult to give justice to them, that is human rights.

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They are not asking any favor. It is the human rights. Like male, it is their human rights.

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So we should not say that they are favoring them by doing that. No, it is a human rights.

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That's all these are favoring them by doing that. No, it is a human rights. That's all these are the references I have collected.

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Thank you very much for pace and hearing of my paper. Thank you.

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1 min I'll just. I will keeping the first faith that's

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Can you take one photo for me? Ha!

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Thank you very much. Thank you very much for patient theory.

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So should I go there?

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I can go.

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Been meeting.

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Okay, thank you.

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Do you make the full length taker to submit? Do you need the full length paper? Okay.

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Thank you very much.

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I think up next we have Nedi Misra if you're here you can Share your screen and start, presenting.

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Oh.

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He has a question.

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Am I audible and visible?

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If anyone can tell me.

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We can hear you.

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Oh, okay. Thank you so much. Well, I'm going to share my screen. Firstly, really, very warm.

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Good morning and, Jayen, one and all present over here. And I, Dr.

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Nay Dimitra, assistant professor. One to present my screen.

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Okay, I think my screen is visible clearly.

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Yep.

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Very warm. Good morning and Jahin one and all present over here. I, Dr.

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Nazi Mischa. Assistant Professor Social Disease section Meila Mahavid Dali, Manaras Hindu University.

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I want to thank you all to give me this opportunity and my topic of my paper is Human rights and invisibility of differently able women.

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Marriage, family and reproductive right.

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And just one.

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Okay.

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First of all, thinking about any problem, we have to understand the background of study and also what kind of data we have already according to world sensors and also as the paper is based on Indian and varani perspective so we have to know about the whole data of Varanasi and

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Indian, census. There are over 1 billion people in the world living with some form of disability.

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That constitute about 15% of the world population. And 2 to 4% of which experienced significant difficulty in functioning.

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At approximately 300 million women and girls around the world suffering from either mental sensory intellectual or physical disability.

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As for WHO and World Bank Report, 2,011, the global prevalence for disability is higher in women as compared to that in men, which is 19% in women and 12% in men.

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As per 2,011 senses India had approximately 26.8 million person with disability which is a procs 2.2% of total population.

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Where 44% means 11.9 1 million are women. With disability. Well, The this figure or this data can be.

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Can be not, complete as when in India there are, there were, right or person with disability at develop.

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21 type of disability was, categorized and these data is based on Oh, only, 8 categories of disability.

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So there may a great vary in the data and that make their situation and their condition much more problematic. No, as per UN convention, A person with disability include those who have long-term physical mental intellectual or sensory impairment which in interaction with various barrier may header their full and effective participation in society on an equal basis with

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others. Well, there is a very important thing as disability or different ability is not just a physical or mental construct it's not just a situation what is physically and mentally affect the individual but it is a socially constructed phenomenon as our society No, just construct a whole picture that these people, these marginalized people is not able

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to include in society as they are not able to perform their own activities properly. We are talking about why they are how they are cursed.

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How they are not part of our society. But we as a talking very less about the accessibility and special things if we give them, if we provide them, they will be also as productive as socially constructed.

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Able bodies are socially constructed, a non-discipline person. Okay, next data I have on December, the 3, 2,018 UN published It's inaugural disability and international development report.

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The conclusion of realization of the sustainable development goal by far and with person with disabilities was divesting.

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Person with disability are twice as likely to live under the power line one third more likely to be illiterate and almost 7 times more likely to experience Unmade basic health needs then their peer without disability.

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One more important thing I want to mention when we talk about women with disability they are much more marginalized or they are much more discriminated not only than non-disabled person but also the disabled counterpart of their gender means male.

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Okay, disability or different abilities considered as limitation or lack of ability affecting an individual. The World Health Organization defined disability as an umbrella term.

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Where impairment means what problem in body function. Actively limit activity limitation means difficulty and counter by individuals in execution the task correction while the participation restriction is problem experienced by individuals in involving in life.

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Situation means it is a very complex phenomenon and we can't just define it very easily. Different ability considered as most neglected or disempowered section of population and when we talked about women with different abilities they are suffering from well discrimination as a woman and as a differently abled women.

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While the Indian culture is already not Very much in February, a favour of birth of daughter and the birth of daughter in most of the area things are changing but in most of the area birth of our daughter is worst thing in individuals life and while women are already fighting hard for equal rights in their life.

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Disabled women are regularly recognized as person as humans. The society that constructs the social norm in form of roleplay.

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Means a woman has certain rules a main man has certain role and when a disabled girl and women are treated most inhuman because they are concealed as they are not able to play their role clock properly.

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Women with disability is most marginalized in Indian society. They are deprived of political, social, economic and health opportunities.

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And problem of women with disability become very complex with other factors such as social stigma and poverty. Person with disability is most neglected and disempowered section of population due to their marginalized status, the denial from fundamental and basic rights, they become most discriminated population.

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And whenever we talk about condition of women with disability, these are worse. They are suffering from dual discrimination.

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And there are certain basic fundamental, rights of women like sexuality like reproductive rights like health care system.

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The They are just MARRISTED from it too. Whenever we talk about feminist approach, it is the most relevant and burning issue is sexual objective is now objectification of women's body but in case of different women they are either.

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Treated as a sexual being or a hypersexual being and these things restrict their rights of sexuality, marriage, family and reproduction.

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No.

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Well, these are some, these is estimate a statement or problem why I've taken this study actually basically my area of research is also women with disability.

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So I have taken this topic as largely population with disability have been seen historically as a sexual and hypersexual resulting in lack of information around their bodies being provided to them.

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Women with disabilities are seen as childlike and therefore understood to not have desire. Or not require information about their bodies and reproductive health.

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These assumption came together resulting in a denial of rights and information around sexual and reproductive healthcare. Over the last few years, we have seen more news report and research showing that women and girls with disabilities are more likely to face.

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Good, more likely to a face coercion in reproductive decision making particularly around sterilization, contraceptives use and abortion.

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So in the light of these facts, the study will examine the experience of disabled women in context to their family, sexuality and reproductive right in Varanasi city of Uttar Pradesh.

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The It will focus on what can be done in normalizing and chain mindset of on women with disability, their rights to form their own family, fulfill their sexual lead and rights to embrace motherhood.

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These, this is my research methodology. The firstly the major objective of the study is to analyze the experience and challenges based by women with disability regarding their sexuality in having a family and embracing motherhood and to check that effect of family is economic and educational background on their experience.

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The study is based on qualitative and quantitative research. Also use descriptive and exploratory and combining cross-sectional data.

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The empirical study is based on rights of sexuality, marriage, family and reproductive authority of physically disabled and blind women.

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For the is 200 physically disabled and blind women belong to 30 to 50 year age group from different places in Varanasi city were taken with the help of purposeive and snowball sampling.

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With oneal interview. And interview with their families. Now these are these are some data what the I have collected from and I have also used the cases study or stories.

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What I have, well. I had heard from them and it the stories I'm not saying stories their life experiences was so hard touching.

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So this is some qualitative data I have. I have taken Well, I have taken age group of 30 to 50 where the majority of population belong to 32 35 year age and the Type on disability, I have taken 50% means 100 blind women and 100 physically challenged women.

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When I had, taken their medical status, 38% means majority of, population is unmarried where their family not even tried to.

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Search a group from them and those who are married who are actually their family gave either they hide their disability from their in-laws family or they just give so much dowry to marry their daughter.

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And the majority of, sorry, the majority of, steady population belong to lower economic group as more than 50% are belong to lower economic groups.

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Education of Study Subject when we get it, we, got that the majority of population is illiterate.

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And very few just literate means the they are just can use to write or just get primary education.

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And only 5% population belong to on higher education. Also, the spouse of disability when we are taken 70% study subject respond that they are their spouses also disable.

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Now this is education or family actually education or family play a clean very important key role in development of any marginalized group.

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As if family is literate or educated, they, just, promote their kids or they just try to promote their kids for education and other rights.

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So we got that education of mother and the education of father where the majority of mothers are illiterate.

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And highly educated very less mother, less population of mother are highly educated and also if we compare father's data So, just, 55%, of total population, father of study population is Just literate.

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Okay, now this is analysis. On the basis of collected data. 20 cases today are also there. So, the facts, what I have collected is mostly unmarried women belong to 30 to 35 year age group.

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According to collected data, only 20% respondents are educated and just 5% in higher ed education. Majority of married disabled women belong to high economic group and educated family.

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Almost 90% married study subject and their family is accept that the spouse of disabled studies subject are also disabled but still.

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They give big amount of diary to grooms family for marrying their daughter. And interesting factors found in study that blind women are in more vulnerable condition in terms of marriage and family.

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As 80% where I have 100 respondent AD blind women were unmarried and rest are married with a man with same disability.

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Whenever we talk about families or disabled women, majority of them accepted that they hide their daughter's disability from marriage and that is the big reason for violence against them.

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As I have talked to Nazi, Problem, II tried to take her picture.

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I tried to respondence, try to take respondent picture, but they actually don't want to share their pictures.

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And they want to just they don't want to share their pictures. So that was a restriction for me.

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So I had talked to Nazi, the change name. 35 year Muslim woman who is handicapped with her left hand but can do all her work with the one hand told her story that she was married in age of 17 and her parents didn't inform about her disability.

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After marriage when her groom's family came to know about it. They demanded for huge amount for accepting her.

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Their parents also provide, this amount. She, she suffered from domestic violence for next 10 years. She suffered from domestic violence for next 10 years.

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She was forced to abort from domestic violence for next 10 years. She was forced to abort her 3 kids, even her husband.

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She was forced to abort her 3 kids, even her husband, marry another 3 kids, even her husband, marry another woman and 5 year ago her husband marry another woman and 5 year ago her husband gave her husband marry another woman and 5 year ago her husband gave her divorce and 5 year ago her husband gave her divorce.

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Even NASA's maternal family didn't accept her divorce. Even NASA's maternal family didn't accept her divorce. Even NASA's maternal family didn't accept her.

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Presently she is living in an NGO which is working for disabled women and help help other disabled women.

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But whenever she remembered all those days, she busted out of tears. Well, we can see with this a life story that most of the time parents are forced to.

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Or hide their daughter's disability for their marriage means they are not at all considered as we can say she's able to marry a person or she can have a family.

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Majority of married a study population accepted that they are victim of ill-treatment. Physical and sexual violence in by their husband-in-laws and other relatives.

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79% of disabled married women are forced to use contraceptives and also went through many forceful abortions as their family members believed them in capable for having healthcare.

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Almost 45 married steady subjects are living with family but 30 respondents have kids. Majority of steady population responded that they are being criticized for having kids and people think they are that they are not capable for having kids and raise them.

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So Jimmy, a physically disabled woman and mother of 2 kids, responding that their relatives and even their own family members made her afraid that her disability can be transferred in her children.

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That is a big issue. Where what are the civil women have to face? And even doctors and nurses humiliate her for conceiving with a child.

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She told that people used to say that you can't take care of yourself. How will you take care of a kids?

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So, was not only one who feels such trauma, but most of the disabled mother felt the pressure of being tortured, humiliated when they announce their pregnancy.

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Myority or disabled mother didn't get proper food and care during the pregnancy. Well, uma.

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Has told, her life story that she's not able to walk and use. Wheelchair, she remembered that how her marriage was huge issue for their parents.

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After giving big a Mountains Derby, her parents was able to search a groom for her.

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She said that her husband is also disabled but she was treated inferior. After marriage, it was her duty to take care of her husband in laws and fulfill all her responsibility as housewife in spite of all these cures she was treated like a furniture or some utensils.

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Just Just, their family member keep her side. Omar told that when she announced her pregnancy, her family and in-laws reactions were so bad and her first friend when she was terminated forcefully by in-laws but in her second pregnancy she was very rigid and now she has a daughter who is completely

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normal as social norms. Uma is experiencing same tortures in violence but she was happy now as she has a lovely daughter who can understand her and who always console her with her smile.

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Well, there are some other data. These are the condition of married disabled women but who are not married and living with their parents and maternal family member, their condition are also problematic.

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They are considered as burden on their family. According to 80% unmarried disabled women, even their parents don't consider them competitive, are compatible for marriage and having kids.

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Well, I have talked to women who are living in different NGOs. 90% unmarried disabled women felt that they will never have their own family and place.

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In the research paper, ratio is 50 50 but blind women are in more vulnerable condition as we always know that disability is a intersectional conception as we always know that disability is a intersectional concept where not only disability is a intersectional concept where not only disability affect a person but their gender they're not only disability affect a person but their gender their cars their

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economic status each and everything is each and everything just influence them. In 100 blind study subjects, 20 were married, 10 are divorced and 70 are unmarried, where 45 blind women told that their parents never even thought about their marriage.

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Even out of 20 married blind women, 17 are partially blind who can do all their work without any help.

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But still they have to face neglectation and violence in her marriage. I have talked to, I have talked to Mrs. Who has daughter named Sanji Uni?

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And she never tried to. She, she is doing a job. She always, most of the time she encouraged her daughter to study and get a job as she no key, she never have their own family.

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Refuse leave Bali and, Leaves and Jeanie and leave her spouse family and now she is trying her daughter is taking, is doing PhD, but she never thought about her marriage and children.

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Well, in conclusion, I can say that in feminist approach. The sexual objectification is the most burning topic, but in different playable women that is that is very different either they have to face either they are considered as a sexual being or hypersexual being or they are they are the most easy target

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for sexual for sexual harassment so in a conclusion in finding. It shows that majority of respondents accept their marriage is the biggest challenge for differentlyable women and they are completely considered as non-sexual being worthless and never can able to manage family life and raise their kids.

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Now, when we talk about No, I'm just doing it.

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Well, if we talk about suggestions, the most important thing, the most important suggestion I have.

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Well, we have to do work. Together. Not just, spread awareness about them, not just spread not just people, let know about them but also the public and private partnership is very important where NGOs and governments should work together.

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And spread awareness. About them. Thank you so much.

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Okay, thank you for that. Next up.

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We have, Kashmira Canal.

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Your presentation.

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Yeah If they see breast and long hair coming. They call it women. If beard and whiskers, they call it men.

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But look the self that hovers in between. Is neither man nor woman. A very good afternoon to all of you.

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I'm Kashmira Kanum, PhD Scholar at Central University of Haryana.

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India. So, this is, I'll be talking about human rights violation in workplace against transgender people in a sum and this is my this is the findings of one of the finding of my .

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The research

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So before I begin, I would like to highlight an important legislative development. The transgender person protection of development.

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The Transgender Person Protection of Rights Act, 2,019, which came into existence.

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Section 3, the section 3 talks about the denial of termination from employment or occupation. Section 19, no establishment shall discriminate against any transgender person in any matter relating to Sorry.

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So section 19 talks about No establishment shall discriminate against any transgender person in any matter relating to employment including but not limited to recruitment, promotion and other related issues.

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Section 14 the appropriate government shall formulate welfare schemes and programs to facilitate supports livelihood for transgender persons, including their vocational training and self-employment.

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So however ensuring gender-inclusive workplace does not guarantee a safe and dignified life for transgender minorities in a sum where mainstream social construction of gender only considers a binary concept of gender that is male and female.

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So for this study I have used qualitative method to know their experiences. Purpose if sampling was used to collect the data and I have used a semi structured interview schedule.

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For this and I have 4 data analysis and I have transcribed their interviews and used

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So as a transgender person, the definition of transgender person, protection of rights act is which is mentioned in section 2 which means transgender person is a person whose gender does not match with their gender assigned to that person at birth, includes trans men and trans women whether or not such person has undergo sex reassignment surgery

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or hormone therapy or laser therapy or such other therapy persons with intersex variation, gender square person having such socio-cultural identities as skinner, hijra-arabarian jakhta.

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So as for this study I have considered only transmitting women. So transmit the definition of transmit I have considered for this study that transgender individuals born biologically male, female but self-identified as belonging to the opposite gender.

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And this study focuses on post-operative on preoperative trans men and trans women who have not joined the Israel community.

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As my study focused on the workplace, the definition of workplace I have considered for this, it's in to on not only the physical location but also virtual location.

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And gender identity the definition gender identity here is who identify if a person born as a male or female it doesn't matter their identity the way the identify the answers that I have considered for this study.

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So, this is the demographic profile of the respondents. I have not used their names instead I have used the codes and TW denotes trans women and TM denotes transmit.

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There are 12, there are total 12 number of respondents and they are from different districts of some and education variation also you can see that there from different educational background, religion, most of them were in the religion and 3 respond sorry yeah 3 respondents follows Islam and one Christianity And employment stations also you can see in the last.

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Column that unemployed 3 responders were unemployed during the interview after that some have got their jobs some have also lost their job so during the interview 3 of them were unemployed some were self-employed freelancing and Jews they were working there and only one government applies with it.

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So,

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So, to guide the discussion, I have formulated 2 resource questions. First one is, is there any problem faced?

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First one is is there any problem faced by the transgender people in their workplace by the transgender people in their workplace if yes what type of problems and second one is what type of problems and second one is is gender identity and gender expression is a problem in the second one is is gender identity and gender expression is a problem in workplace if

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it's where if yes in what way? So, this table will, answer my first resource question that is experience in experiences in workplace, then number of respondents and effect.

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So in the first column we can see the difficulties in laboratory access. So in the workplace they don't have any unisex washrooms.

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They have only binary, mushrooms like male,ushroom and female Ocean for that.

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They have to face the challenges to where in which washroom they should use. So and for that reason they sometimes effort to go to the washroom for longer period of time and for that they are facing some health issues.

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And then secondary street dress code. Extra dress code is another issue. Suppose for some particular jobs like nursing.

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So nursing they have for if a person is a female then they have to follow a certain kind of dress code.

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So, in that reason, if a transgender person, one of my respondent was he's a government employer he identified himself as a trans man and in that in that case what happens is a trans man and in that in that case what happens that he had to take special permission to wear a pantry.

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Then mis-standarding mispronounce, calling by previous names is a most of the respondent phase as you can see that out of total respondents tents have agreed that they are they are facing this kind of issues.

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Destroying equipment is another issue. One of my respondents when they he started to do her own business and their family members also burn their materials.

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Then bullying being abuse is a very common issues they are facing and delay in payment and payment reduction. So payment delayed in payment and payment deduction maybe so many binary people also facing but in in this case transgender people are facing their delay in payment because of their gender identity.

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So that is the measure concern for this study. So I would like to read 2 narratives from my study.

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So one of the trans men, 28 year old, he said that I used to work as a cells employees in private company as a trans person.

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I used to work as a self employees in private company as a trans person. I was I was a sales employees in private company as a trans person. I was I was ever that odds could be against me in the workplace.

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I behaved politely with the employers and seniors hoping to be in their good books but I started getting bullied and mistreated by my seniors who taunted me for my demure physical appearance and sobb voice voice.

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I was harassed and bound with extra work and I was not able to cope up with the toxic environment and the uncertainty of payment.

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I left the job and I was looking for another job when the lockdown started because this study conducted during the lockdown period so that's why he stated this.

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And another narrative I would like to read that is a respondent 30 year old and she's a trans woman.

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She identifies her as a trans woman. I applied for his job in online mode in the application form in the design gender section I marked female.

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There was no option for others so I had applied in female category. They called for interview confirmation when I received the phone they asked me to give the phone to FF.

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Is a as I have used the code so I cannot use their name so I so she the interview said that please give the phone to F then I said I'm the person I'm a trans woman.

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Interview was interview as as interviewers online and the employer called her the respondents that whether are you ready for the interview then she said that I'm a trans woman and at that moment there is that I'm a trans woman and at that moment there is that that we have only 2 options.

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And at that moment there is that that we have only 2 options for transmit for man and female, not for the transgender person.

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So, these tables, will, answer my second resource question that is employment experience employment experience here I have divided into categories that denial from employment and resigned from the job.

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So, Denial denied from the employment where respondent could not enter or could not apply or so many reasons they didn't get their job and second one is if they get the job after that they also have to resent from the job because of the work pressure and the stress is going on in their workplace.

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So basically overall a paper with the problems we found from this research that they prefer to hide their identity in workplace to get right of the discrimination.

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Those transgender have gone through the transition process. They tried to get the new job where they means I did introduce themselves as a man or female in a binary category not in a transgender that I am a transmeman or woman so that in the new workplace they did not, did they cannot identify that person.

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So they basically try to hide their gender identity and the second one is they prefer to go for binary male and female.

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So and third they prefer to go for medical and legal transition for ensuring security in workplace. So many transgender people are there those who don't want to go for the medical and legal transition they are comfortable with their own body and they identified only the identification is different but because of this workplace discrimination and pressure they now want to go for the transition so that

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they can hide their identity and no one can judge them. So that's all from my side. Thank you so much for listening to me and if any have someizations and feedback, it's more welcome.

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So I believe up next we have Dr. Saskatchewan running a little late so if you can keep it to around 15 min that'd be great but you're welcome to start.

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Thank you. Thank you very much. I will share my screen.

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Can you see my screen? Info?

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Thank you.

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Okay, good. So. Good afternoon and before I kick off let me thank the organizers of the conference.

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I'm honored to be, one of the speakers. And, I would really like to be with you.

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At the moment, unfortunately, I'm in Jordan and I'm giving a training on gender equality for the Ministry of Education.

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I really wish you a good time over there and maybe we can meet next time. I'm Dr.

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Ska Ravas, my pronouns are she, her hers. My professional engagement spans multiple areas.

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I'm a gender and human rights expert contributing to international cooperation through my work with various organizations. As the EU, UN women, UNESCO, U NDP and also the African Development Bank.

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I also hold an academic position at the Paris School of International Affairs where I lecture 2 courses. The first being project cycle management and the second is gender and international cooperation beyond the binary.

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My research focuses on the overlap of human rights and the broad field of gender diversity. I am interested in the rights of individuals of diverse sexual orientations and gender identities, especially those of intersex persons.

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My work explores these areas within the context of the universal periodic review. While I'm not intersex myself.

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I stand as an ally of human rights defenders, especially those fighting for the recognition and protection of the rights of intersex individuals.

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Today, my presentation will delve into the research and offer insights into these complex yet vital matters. By the end of this session, I hope to provoke thoughts, inspire action and contribute to our collective understanding of the importance of the UPR, the universal periodic review as a platform for banning one of the most important human

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rights violations experienced by intersex persons. Let us now embark on this journey. And learn together.

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So I just have to. See where I can.

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Go to the next slide.

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Can you see the next slide yet or not?

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We can see it but you might wanna adjust your notes. We can see your notes.

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Oh, that's not so good. Oh, I'm sorry. Sorry. So can you see it now?

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Okay, that's much better. Thank you.

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Yep, just go back to Go back to where you were. Yeah.

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Is, oh, well, then you have seen that I prepared. So now you see everything. I'm so sorry.

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Just give me 1 s because normally I work with 2 screens and this is just one screen. Okay.

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Yep.

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So now we are on the notes again.

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Yep, that's good there. Stop.

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Yeah, I just want to be able also to see my notes but apparently oh yes good.

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Yeah. Laugh

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We are here. Now you see my Screen though. I'm so sorry for that.

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Great. You still see my notes. How's that possible?

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Yeah. Well. We can still see your notes there, but. Yeah.

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Oh wow, this is not so good.

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Reduce people in addition.

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And yeah, so normally

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Oh, I'm so sorry. How can we do this that I can see my notes and you see the screen?

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I'm not certain how to do that from this end.

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Oh, this is not good. And I.

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Do you want to share the The video?

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What do you mean?

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I also shared the video. How, can you? I just don't understand why I cannot see both of them.

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Did you see now again? My notes?

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Yeah, we can see them there.

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Can we do it like this?

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That's a that's it. It's a bit better we can see them still but it's better.

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Yeah, I'm really so sorry. I just don't know how to do this. If the I'm

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Yep, just keep going like that. That should be okay for now.

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Yeah, so okay, so I will try to do it by heart. So the universal periodic review, maybe you don't know exactly what, the universal periodic review is.

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That is, a unique process involving all the UN member states, the 193 and the process is coordinated by the Human Rights Council in Geneva.

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So interestingly, this is a political process, which means that countries will give recommendations to other countries. And the country under review can then accept or reject the recommendations.

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So every 4 and a half years, countries come under review and in total since 2,008 we have been already seeing 94,000 recommendations accepted or noted, but that is about all the human rights recommendations that we have since then.

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Now I'm interested in 841 of those recommendations because those are linked to the rights of intersex persons.

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And these 841. Are broadly linked to intersex. First of all, it can be that they use the word intersex or it can also be that they refer to LGBTI or LGBT IQ.

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Or even that they discuss variations in sex characteristics. So I treated these recommendations with Atlas Ti and I did a lot of coding and content analysis.

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I will first share some quantitative data and then also share some qualitative data. And, on this slide, you see that of course each year there are more and more recommendations related to intersex persons.

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This, however, That's, does not mean that we are better off because there are more recommendations on, intersex rights.

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Now, at the bottom of the graph, you can see that there are also some recommendations that are needed accepted nor rejected.

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No, the Human Rights Council. Classifies the recommendations according to the groups and on this on the regional groups and on this slide you can see that focusing on the African nations we see that they received a total of 172 recommendations but they only issued 5 recommendations.

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Now if we go to the other side of the slide we see that the Western European countries and allied countries they For the majority of the recommendations, so 579, but they only receive 88,000 recommendations.

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So that is in fact, discrepancy that I'm looking into. And I would like to dive deeper into one of the most important human rights violations that intersex persons experience.

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And, this is intersects genital mutilation. So intersex persons do share discrimination with other groups under the LGBTI umbrella.

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But as many intersex, activists highlight, they experience a specific form which is the gender, the intersex genital mutilation.

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So therefore their needs and concerns differ and should be dealt with separately. The human rights violations. Are cold IGM.

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However, in the recommendations we will not find one recommendation that specifically addresses IGM as such. They will use, other terms.

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Like surgery or harmful practices and we will come to that so IGM is according to Daniela Traffer and Marcus Bauer, and we will come to that.

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So IGM is according to Dania Traffer and Marcus Bauer, non-consensual, medically, unnecessary, irreversible cosmetic genital surgery.

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And other similar medical treatments, including imposition of hormones performed on children with variations of sex anatomy without evidence.

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Of benefit for the children concerned. Justified by psychosocial indications. Shaped by societal and cultural norms.

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Now, What does this mean? This means that The main reason behind these human rights violations, the IGM, is to fit children with variations of sex characteristics into the binary concepts of girls and boys to become later women or men.

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They do not, from a medical perspective, see and also social perspective see another option. However, the only other option That would be.

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Complying to the human rights would be that we accept these children as they are and that we do not perform any medical surgery on them.

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So my actual research focuses on a limited number of cases related to the ban on Hi, Jim. And, from these 841 recommendations that I focus on.

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There are only 31 that really indirectly address IGM. And the draft illustrates the health related recommendations on the other side because These are from where I retrieve those 31 recommendations.

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So in dark blue, you see the recommendations related to health and in light blue you see the surgery related recommendations.

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As I said, there is not one recommendation that uses the word mutilation and this is problematic. So they use medical interventions, normalizing surgery, or harmful practices.

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But these terms, however, do not underscore the brutality of appalling practices of mutilation.

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Remarkably while we recall. As I earlier said, that Western countries issued most of the recommendation This slide shows us that they are the recipients of most of the IGM related recommendations.

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This tells us that while Western countries are concerned about the rights of intersex persons, They are not exempt from the worst form of human rights violations, which is then experienced by intersex persons.

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I want to highlight that most of the recommendations also come from other Western countries. So they are issuing Recommendations from Western countries to other Western countries.

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However, the focus on ending IGM in the West should not overshadow or deny the reality of IGM appearing elsewhere globally.

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So building on my earlier remarks regarding the bias in attention accorded to the rights of intersex individuals, it is important to note the implications of the use of language.

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Now especially in regions where awareness of these practices is minimal. Such as in the Democratic Republic of Congo where I'm also starting.

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Research as soon as the funds, are, found. The application of clinical jargon that fails to fully express the serious nature of these inhuman procedures may act as a barrier to eliminate these human rights violations.

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So in addition, It's crucial to criticize the phenomenon and that is really important. The phenomenon of Western medical practitioners Performing so-called normalizing surgery in African hospitals.

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Development that risks bending towards neo-colonialist tendencies. So performing these acts under more sophisticated and hygienic conditions does not render them acceptable.

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Further on, the 31 cases that I scrutinized. Can be categorized under 4 categories.

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So the first category andompasses 11 UPR recommendations and they aim at prohibiting banning.

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Prohibiting or banning And an example of such a recommendation is formulated by Malta. Addressed to Italy in 2,019.

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And it reads like consider banning unnecessary non-consensual and normalizing surgery. On intersex individuals and Italy supported this recommendation a second category is illustrated by the recommendation issued by Spain and supported by Belgium in 2,016.

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Now the category tackles the request. To allow civil identity changes without compulsory. Surgery and there are 6 of those recommendations.

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The third category is procedural. And encompasses 7. I can give an example. And that reads work towards ending protocols that aim to normalize intersex bodies through harmful and medical practices, including nonconsensual surgery.

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It is a recommendation formulated by Malta. But Slovenia did not accept it in 2,019.

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Now the last category. Also encompasses 7 recommendation. Stresses the importance of bodily integrity and free prior and informed consent.

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That's really very important. As such, it requires this condition before any medical intervention can be performed on intersex children.

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And a good example of this is and harmful practices including forced and coercive medical interventions to ensure bodily integrity of children with intersex variations.

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Now that recommendation formulated by Iceland addressed to Australia in 2,021 has been supported.

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I just focused here on the first category. Because I believe it is the most effective to ban IGM.

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So this slide showcases the 11 recommendations related to IGM. And it asks for a legislative ban on IGM.

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In various countries. So we know that Malta in 2,015, Portugal in 2,018.

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Greece. Recently in 22 and also Germany in 2,021 they prohibit. Hi, Jim.

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I'm children. However, the journey towards a universal ban on intersex genital mutilation is far from over and it's critical to carefully consider the language we use in discussing both the subject of the ban and the groups that the legislation is targeting.

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I refer very often to Fay Garland and Mitchell Travis. They have recommended Malta's law.

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For its use of the term sex characteristics rather than intersex with the former term denoting more objective biological variations and the latter term intersects.

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Describing a status that first needs to be awarded and then you can have your human right. It's also important to acknowledge that intersex is often a societal taboo.

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Like in Rdc and can be conflated with sexual orientation which is very often done In contrast, the phrase variations in sex characteristics allows for more objective discussion.

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And another point that I wanted to contemplate is the attended group. For protection from IGM. Are we?

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Targeting adults are retargeting children. So this may differ from country to country and also when we consider children, we have to ask the question at what age do we consider them able to have free prior and informed consent.

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The last aspect. That is also highlighted in this table. Is the frequent reference to the need for consent from the child or the adult involved.

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So full and informed consent reflects the fundamental respect of bodily autonomy, which is really crucial. And, I would like to end with a quote from one of the respondents in the recent study of Garland and Travis.

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And it reached as the following. When you are 7. 7 years old and you realize that your mother and especially also your father are very stressed and that everybody in the family is stressed.

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And it all has to do with your genitals. Then of course you can send out of the wish to please.

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Or to take this stress away. Everybody knows that most children are doing things because they want to be accepted or liked.

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By their parents or even by their doctors.

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In conclusion, when formulating recommendations, the persons who issues these recommendations needs to consider the social cultural context and select the best option to get approval for the recommendations.

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So this means that Tailoring the recommendations is crucial and sometimes concessions will also need to be conducted in order to use the right terminology.

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There's no one size fits all recommendation. 4 nations already accepted the ban on IGM and I firmly believe that others will join them.

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Nevertheless, There is a significant challenge. During this transition. As some Western nations move towards prohibiting IM, others persist in violating the rights of their children.

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And we need therefore to accelerate the dialogue and I really think that the UPR platform is the place that can be offered to have this dialogue.

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Thank you very much and again. Apologizes for the presentation form. Thank you.

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Okay, thank you. And finally we have Ahmed, And now you're ready. Great.

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Go ahead when you're ready.

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Okay, thank you. Thank you very much. Hi everyone. I'm gonna share my screen.

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Go for it.

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Okay, looks good.

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Okay, great. So hi everyone. I'm Ahmed Hamid. I'm an professor of sociology at University of Montreal in Canada.

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The title of today presentation is Beyond the Human Rights Approach migrant with a diverse sexual orientation, gender identity and expiration, navigating structural operation.

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And this paper has been prepared for 2 of my colleagues. Isabella Lee and, who are both, Associate Professor at the School of Social Work at the University of Montreal.

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In this presentation I'd like to present an alternative to the human right paradigm for the advocacy of LGBTQ migrant right and for the overcoming of structural barrier they may face.

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Today's presentation is, based on the case of Clinic Move. I, up project launching, into to 2,020 in Montreal that I' more into the later during my presentation and the aim of the presentation is to present the different streams of this pilot project and some criminal

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results of its evaluation to show how clinic move and contribute to love to list some barrier that face LGBTQ migrant in the context of a COVID.

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19 pandemic.

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Has must have new, no, the human right paradigm has been put forward by many advocacy group to different LGBTQ rights, for ever a decade now.

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Many have written on this and I put some references on on the on the slide I won't go into details about this but but basically That's a new paradigm that a lot of scroll out in a in a on the work on a .

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Have discussed And a concrete example actually is, it's, it's this picture taken, 2 days ago actually I was at the at the marsh of, Toronto Pride March in Canada and as you can see to at LGBTQ right are women right so it

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became kind of a. A sloga or motto that we use is in a like in many contexts.

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However, the human right paradigm. Has its limitation. All kind of human right by notion and variation form and discrimination company around the world even if we have this probably regulation of new constitution amendments and legislative reforms.

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But I tend to make explicit preferences to the formation and protection of human rights. Human rights, paradigm is not universal.

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Most, a lot of scholars and advocacy group, criticize it because Some say that it's really over centric.

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Also, you human rights program is criticized because it's not always intersectional.

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So in this paper we propose to go beyond beyond the human right paradigm or the human rights approach for the advocacy of LGBTQ rights and specifically LGBTQ migrant right.

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We propose a community based approach to navigate structure operations rooted within the community of directly impacted individual that put forward intersectional anti-operative and trans affirmative practices.

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And do today's presentation, I want to discuss the clinic move as a case study. I want to discuss the clinic move as a case study or as a concrete example of the implementation of this approach that we proposed.

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So what is clinic more, clinic more? Is, as I said earlier, a pilot project that aimed to provide integrated care to LGBTQI police migrant and racial as people living in Montreal.

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It's rooted within the community. It was designed and developed with a with an organization called AGF which is the buy and for LGBTQI migrant.

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Why, Clinic Move has been managed. In 2,020 and the midst of the COVID.

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19 pandemic for many reason has you as you may know LGBTQI migrant and control various form of violence in their country of origin which include eternity at Nomatic Violence often actually ended by political violence, dictatorship or environmental disasters.

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Once they go in their new country and specifically in Quebec in our case, they may be, related to, new chat, they may face new challenges related to the immigration statues, the search of unemployment, housing or social isolation.

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And this this obviously make it more difficult for them to access. healthcare services and social services.

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Because of their migration. Statue, admiration, identity, sexual orientation, gender identity.

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So because of all this reason. This clinic mode has been launched, in the 2020 20, 22.

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Obviously, COVID-19 has worked on their situation. I have some statistics from an a survey that we conducted with some of the with some of the people who received, receive services of the clinic more as you can see 38% and control difficulty in their living conditions since, COVID.

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19 started. 89 felt socially. 39%. FED.

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Socially isolated. 59% experienced deterrence and interest mental health. 36% experienced a more discrimination since the COVID.

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19 pandemic.

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So the So all this reason made the this team of people. Launch a clinic move. As I said, it was, with the organization Azure, but also, with, partners from University of Montreal, including myself and my colleagues.

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Also with, a family, medical groups, in public clinics, in Montreal.

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Kinnock Move is composed of 4 streams. So clinical stream to provide integrated medical psychosocial and sexual health care to LGBTQ migrant and racialized people and outreach stream to share and information and resources.

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To LGBTQ migrant, relate to COVID-19. A training stream to provide trainings on the realities of LGBTQ migrants, to people, health care professional and other stuff in the community sector.

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And finally, an evaluative stream that I'll present more into today in my presentation. That as the impact of Covid-nineteen as you between migrant but also evaluate actually the implementation of this kind of this clinic.

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People, That receive services from the clinic move. LGBTQ and migrant and restless people, but mainly Arabic and Spanish speakers.

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People with multiple and complex need, people in appropriate migrant status, in crisis situation and, transmigrants.

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Sorry regarding the client stream of the clinic more we developed an integrated care pathway where the people are introduced by Aji, the committee organization that a partner, asking more than these, service users, meet the social worker that make an assessment and then they are referred at at least 2.

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Health care professional and they are followed Bye this healthcare professional for many months. Just to give you some.

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Numbers about the the clinical stream. Over one year as you can see many consultation have been conducted by the clinic mode health care professional and many people.

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105 have been, accessed, the services.

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Doing the survey we conducted, last year, 59% indicated that the services within the clinic move are better quality compared to other services outside of and 83% indicated that surfaces using Cleopatra are adapted and inclusive to their migration statues and our sexual orientation.

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93% felt that the work clean met of the clinic was very accepting for LGBT migrant and rich people.

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Regarding the outreach stream, so it consisted in 3 main activity. First one was distribution of resources related to Covid-nineteen.

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We also did workshops on self-care. Information also related to vaccination and also developed to help LGBT helpline and hotline in French English and Arabic and Spanish and part on a ship with organization that work with these communities.

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The training stream. Developed 3 main, trainings. First one on trans diversity.

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And another one on how to better intervene with LGBTQ migrant and restless people and this last one how to improve.

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Access to health care and social services for algebraic refugees. Over one year. 1 35 people have followed this this the service as this training sorry and among high school professional and people from the commit from the clemency sector.

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And 90% sometimes you can't that's the training where it's you but that's the receive better equity them to work with LGBTQ migrants and racialized people and 87% indicate that the training received it relevant to their professional practice.

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Now, regarding the objective stream, we had the first first phase of evaluation from tools. (202) 022-2022.

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And that's a second one that started in November, 2022. I'll focus on the first phase.

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And the main objective of this first phase of evaluation was to evaluate the implementation of, the clinic move, identifies a direct and other consequences of COVID.

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19 identified the barriers to access care first by algebraic immigrant and finally to invalidate the impact of training on trans diversity and integration with migrant and restless people.

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We do it. And, we did enter interviews. With a healthcare professional that work within the clinic move Also, we did interviews with, service users and we also developed a survey, service users and has got professional were invited to, feel.

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So the results are some result that a permanent result that I present now are mostly based on the survey. That 46 service users field and on the that we did with the people involved with the clinic move.

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So regarding discrimination and access barrier the one of the barrier we we We identified is the language.

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Barrier. This is an interview with one of the high school professional where they say that well I think the aspect the dimension of language has been is super important.

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I think the majority of I think I know I think these people could have access the majority of think through just through language.

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I think the measurement of the access varies is language because they are able to understand. To have, you know, to deal with situation on their own, the measure we have situation on their own, but they can because of the language.

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Also what I we identified, in, analyzing our interviews is the interesting intersecting barriers.

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Here's the, it's another interview with it with one of the healthcare professional where they say so people without statues, it's very, very hard for them to get access to medical house, have people who need to access services in different language are going to struggle because the thing is they have enterprise and all of that but

470
01:38:42.000 --> 01:38:55.000
then homophobia transpoga discrimination and all that. Happen in different clinics and I had to refer people from places where they were getting services in their own language because a lot of issues that have been happening.

471
01:38:55.000 --> 01:39:05.000
And the thing is when someone doesn't speak the language or like you know maybe they are in a place where they speak the language, lot of things that happen to them and they don't get access.

472
01:39:05.000 --> 01:39:17.000
To what they need because they get used. Or they have to just accept the mercy of that doctor or that translator who's homophobic just to get what they need.

473
01:39:17.000 --> 01:39:23.000
Now whole. Can you move?

474
01:39:23.000 --> 01:39:36.000
Kind of participation of overcoming some of these barriers. First is by, accompanying the service users to navigate the system.

475
01:39:36.000 --> 01:39:58.000
The medical system here in Quebec another anthrop view that we did with one of the peer navigators because the in the model peer and integrators were involved and they say okay well in my experience we are with this thing like the language burial and like 2 PIN navigators we came as refugees so we know Portuguese services and we have

476
01:39:58.000 --> 01:40:06.000
gone through like the same path. So we can re for people faster and waiting time to have access to other services.

477
01:40:06.000 --> 01:40:18.000
It's been, minimized. Another way to, overcome the, structure, barrier is by building trust.

478
01:40:18.000 --> 01:40:25.000
So here we asked, one of the high school professional you mentioned like having an understand to establish a connection with the client.

479
01:40:25.000 --> 01:40:47.000
Can you tell me why that's important? And they answered sometimes people they can be and and they might not feel comfortable sharing their life with another person and having the time to establish that connection with the client is you might as well get to know what their real needs.

480
01:40:47.000 --> 01:40:56.000
Also, we identify understood and and the DCP now it has a way to remove some of this structural barrier.

481
01:40:56.000 --> 01:41:12.000
Here what they say it's well having doctor of it. It was an interview we had actually with one of the psychologist involved with, and I say while having doctor available I think that certainly helped when there were barrier in fact of having people present.

482
01:41:12.000 --> 01:41:20.000
In that sense for for a person where it's in complicated to get hormones quickly, even by getting the doctor.

483
01:41:20.000 --> 01:41:42.000
Well, there is a doctor where you will be able to head for perspective prescription for example for me it was great help because the person while it could provocation or south not having access to hormones the person only solution would have been the emergence emergency room in the end you remove a lot of barrier or if the medical world put that

484
01:41:42.000 --> 01:41:59.000
Oh, it's the medical. Well, there is a doctor who is there and who can have an approach and understand what's the stake is not if I'm not having or who can have an approach and understand what's the stake is not if I'm not having an approach and understand what's the stake is not if I'm not having our months and then seeing your body change or being afraid

485
01:41:59.000 --> 01:42:05.000
even if it wasn't going to happen so soon but being afraid that will happen. I think that's extremely helpful.

486
01:42:05.000 --> 01:42:26.000
So to conclude, my presentation. On this first phase of evaluation of clinic move, the M of participant service users that answered the survey are black Arabs or Latinx people with perkeries migrant status or refugee background that's in the age of 18 and 39 who have been in Canada for more than one

487
01:42:26.000 --> 01:42:34.000
year but less than 5 years. 65% of the respondent are transplantary or gender nonconforming people.

488
01:42:34.000 --> 01:42:57.000
The mental health of 50% of them. wasn't compared to before the Ivora COVID-19 there are multiple discrimination and barriers to access care, talked about language, about intersecting barrier, expand by LGBTQ Me,ont Clinic Move has success in meeting some of this needs expressed by participants to have medical

489
01:42:57.000 --> 01:43:14.000
and ecological services, but some challenges remain. Thank you very much for your attention.

490
01:43:14.000 --> 01:43:27.000
Okay, thank you. I believe we have a very short amount of time for questions if anyone has any.

491
01:43:27.000 --> 01:43:35.000
Yep, come on.

492
01:43:35.000 --> 01:43:41.000
The

493
01:43:41.000 --> 01:43:52.000
Thank you so much everyone. All of the speakers really enjoy this session. I have first a comment for Saxia. Really enjoy this session.

494
01:43:52.000 --> 01:43:57.000
I have first a comment for Saxia if you're still around.

495
01:43:57.000 --> 01:43:58.000
Yes, yes, I'm here.

496
01:43:58.000 --> 01:44:01.000
And, my name is Annette. I'm from the university. Hi, Ken. Great, Sexia.

497
01:44:01.000 --> 01:44:14.000
I just wanted to share within the Australian context so you were talking about IGM and in the legislation in Germany, Malta Iceland and Greece.

498
01:44:14.000 --> 01:44:23.000
And in case you had not followed the news here in Australia on the eighth of June, although not classified as IGM.

499
01:44:23.000 --> 01:44:38.000
The Australian capital territory passed a bill, a legislation that will implement the mechanism. To regulate non urgent medical care to encourage child participation in medical decisions.

500
01:44:38.000 --> 01:44:50.000
Establishing groundbreaking oversight mechanisms and provide transparency on medical practices and decision making specifically obviously in the space of children with variations in sex characteristics.

501
01:44:50.000 --> 01:45:11.000
So it's not a federal law, so being mindful that you've been talking about 4 countries in Australia obviously has states and territories so this is one of the territories so the Australian capital territory so that was eighth of June so just wanted to share that so that you are aware of that within your sphere of

502
01:45:11.000 --> 01:45:14.000
research. Thanks, Sexia.

503
01:45:14.000 --> 01:45:19.000
Thank you. Thank you very much for that comment. That's really well appreciated. Thank you.

504
01:45:19.000 --> 01:45:29.000
No worries, thanks. And then I have a question for you. Sokara? So clever.

505
01:45:29.000 --> 01:45:41.000
Yes. So I do research myself in the trans space and really appreciate both of your research on what you do in India.

506
01:45:41.000 --> 01:45:52.000
In the area of human rights. The castle space of prison was not necessarily looked at and I just wanted to appreciate what's actually happening in the prison space.

507
01:45:52.000 --> 01:46:10.000
So here in Australia in majority. All states and territories. If you haven't legally affirmed your gender which a majority means the bottom surgery, you put in a prison that does not necessarily align with your gender.

508
01:46:10.000 --> 01:46:17.000
So you're being put in a prison. That aligns with the sex you are assigned. At birth.

509
01:46:17.000 --> 01:46:24.000
So I'm just wondering if you know and can elaborate what happens in India. Around trans persons.

510
01:46:24.000 --> 01:46:32.000
And I mean also non-binary people. In prisons in India. Thank you.

511
01:46:32.000 --> 01:46:48.000
Actually, you don't have done this study. Councilor.

512
01:46:48.000 --> 01:46:58.000
Actually it's a very nice question you asked me. Actually my specialization is gender and women and gender which is I'm going to present tomorrow.

513
01:46:58.000 --> 01:47:25.000
But transgender I am doing project work in Mumbai. But my included this area of transgender in the railway stations in different places of slums all this area they're working and they're engaged in the sexual activities and all this.

514
01:47:25.000 --> 01:47:42.000
But the recent part I am not taking, what is a very nice Anyone told me that though I have read many things but we are not I have not included in my study maybe because the Supreme Day just 6 months during this project we go.

515
01:47:42.000 --> 01:48:04.000
Okay, your solution. I will take it area off. Start with the prosecutor in the vision how they are related to how their When I see in general

516
01:48:04.000 --> 01:48:17.000
Foster built the women and the prison are sexually I didn't do that. I have not studied.

517
01:48:17.000 --> 01:48:22.000
I have read, they are also inquiry 6 years ago

518
01:48:22.000 --> 01:48:30.000
If I did, because I'm not done restarting. Not go on a bit because I believe in

519
01:48:30.000 --> 01:48:51.000
Yeah, sorry. I believe in going and with the people apart from the Reading and doing a literature study has structured the qualitative wow so I believe unless I'm not talking with that Unless I'm not taking into way structure interview.

520
01:48:51.000 --> 01:49:04.000
I am not able to comment on this but is I like it is a really explorative question I include it is there in my studies not now because I have not done study still now.

521
01:49:04.000 --> 01:49:13.000
Because this, research really go on because I am a professor and this I take in the project, it will go on for 2 years.

522
01:49:13.000 --> 01:49:24.000
100% I will do this part in this time. Thank you.

523
01:49:24.000 --> 01:49:50.000
So I just want to do one more thing. During Covid-nineteen, I don't know about the prisons in transgender person in prison but in my area I heard the story they were because transgender people have their social cultural identity that is called hijack community they have some kind of

524
01:49:50.000 --> 01:50:13.000
Problems or for some reasons they were kept in the prison but enough women's structure. And in Covid-nineteen as we have as I say, One by binary treasure, sorry, finance center was there, but in northeast Manipur, Manipu, there's a state in northeast.

525
01:50:13.000 --> 01:50:25.000
India and then they had separate quarantine centers for the So the initiative was taken such after projections, you know, so that they're not relevant.

526
01:50:25.000 --> 01:50:34.000
In such categories.

527
01:50:34.000 --> 01:50:47.000
And I have to disk. Actually, whatever the But we can all go prison. When the classroom was are taken to the police.

528
01:50:47.000 --> 01:50:57.000
The poll is harassed like anything in India. They don't listen anything, they just Do sexual harassment, put them in the regime.

529
01:50:57.000 --> 01:51:09.000
So that is the reason the police should be sensitize about the transgender. They it is like a stigma in India.

530
01:51:09.000 --> 01:51:21.000
If you talk to a transgender that means you are because it is known as leaders. And the transgender persons normally in the marriages They are considerate.

531
01:51:21.000 --> 01:51:29.000
What you say good luck so that is the time they come and do something. For the family but still the family are scared.

532
01:51:29.000 --> 01:51:36.000
Because what they do not they try to extract money because that is the time they can extract money from the family.

533
01:51:36.000 --> 01:51:45.000
So that is the reason they extract money and Others are scared. My own experience, my son marriage, they came, they came to know that my son is getting married.

534
01:51:45.000 --> 01:51:57.000
So it is 2,000 before just before COVID. That time day I just put up the bill, I stay in Mumbai and I opened it.

535
01:51:57.000 --> 01:52:21.000
So they enter 4 5 to sat and my hall in the Bryan room and they started singing the whole and all this thing and they told me give me 50,000 otherwise I will not go to them it is really harassment for us and if I tell I am calling to police they will say what police will do they will also do the same take take money and leave

536
01:52:21.000 --> 01:52:30.000
us. So anyhow I convince him I hear them I have to give them ₹5,000 they go.

537
01:52:30.000 --> 01:52:36.000
So if they are not scared of police They are not spared. My chance they go to the police station.

538
01:52:36.000 --> 01:52:48.000
They bribe the money if they are not convinced that they are not taking the money they will put on the child and there will be sexual So they are facing this kind of thing in India.

539
01:52:48.000 --> 01:53:12.000
India it is a job it is a you know though that are the bravest and Acts 2,019 and also judgment is by Supreme Court everything on the You can say in the law, but actually If you say it is Unless the people will not Accept it.

540
01:53:12.000 --> 01:53:21.000
Things is not going to change much but still people are slowly accepting but still in the colleges I'm a professor I see the college universities.

541
01:53:21.000 --> 01:53:40.000
No transgender because they don't get admission there. So it is very difficult for them. When you read when the time entered I was very much annoyed but I understood this is the way they can take money because Neither they are getting a job, neither they are getting employment, because they are denied from the education, they are

542
01:53:40.000 --> 01:53:58.000
denied from health services, see HIV normal people. They are having HIV, they get insurance but they don't get any insurance so because of that they die So this is the horrible situation particularly in India.

543
01:53:58.000 --> 01:53:59.000
So transgender had not taken in a good way. It is a bad evil. It is a stigma.

544
01:53:59.000 --> 01:54:09.000
If you talk to them you must you will also become a transgender. This is kind of thing it is.