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okay, good afternoon, everyone, and thank you for coming to our wonderful session on social movements, environment, and social justice. Just before starting I wanted to read out loud.

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If we can really together this acknowledgment of country. So I will read it. Yeah.

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And it says, On behalf of everyone gathered, I pay respect to the spirit of country here in our where we are meeting. I acknowledged the past, and press and culmination wouldn't be any way as the sovereign people here cultural knowledge holders who maintain and promote their aboriginal law.

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customs and custodianship, responsibilities for country and the people that country continues to sustain

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generation after generation into the future for all of us. I recognized the important contribution that first nations thinkers have made to sociology, including challenges to our dominance oops

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to our dominant. Yeah.

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that's it. I'm sorry. Oh, now it's back ways of thinking. We thank all for first nations delegates in the room today for their contributions to knowledge in the discipline. So.

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as I was saying before, welcome to our session. So we have 4 wonderful sessions today, and we have the first presentation.

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From Dr. So Samkat Kale.

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and Nisha Francis from the Tata Institute of Social Science from India. then we have a second presentation from Judith Bessam, and Rob wats from our Mit university in Australia.

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Then we have an online presentation from Kisu Kimori, from Shenzhou University in Japan, and lastly, we have a pretty pre-recorded

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presentation from Marina Tartari, from the University of Padua in Italy. So

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Dr. Sampa Kale and and she, Francis, is going to start. So the floor is yours. So

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see if

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and let's say, 12 to 12 min, 1012 min.

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What? 15? Okay, that's good.

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Good evening, everyone. Our presentation is titled as ground-eye view of existing climate change. Is it too loud.

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my

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sorry for the interruption? The presentation is titled as ground- view of existing climate change induced vulnerabilities and response of social movements in India.

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So to begin with, the presentation is divided into 3 parts. Since it's a conjoined paper. To begin with, it's the introduction and the context of the study. Then there is a brief review of literature and theoretical framework on which the paper is extensively based.

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Mapping social movements and environmental campaigns across the country, and finally to end with the research questions, objectives, and the methodology that is used for the study.

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It also ends with the analysis and an understanding of the dialectics of movements, and the way forward. To begin with a short introduction, it says that our planet Earth is on the abyss due to the excessive consumption of environment

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as a result of what is being taken from it and by the refused residues, and was that have produced due to indiscriminate usage of human activity.

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Social movements is an expression that encompasses social facets and the environmental aspect to. And then comes in the role and relevance of social and environmental movements across India by social action groups, civil society organizations, resource conservation campaigns and drives for conservation of nature and natural resources, non-renewable fossil fuels and the biosphere at large.

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So this research study is particularly an attempt to understand the multiple ways of governance and the institutionalization of common property resources.

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The background of the study says that

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the sustainable development goals

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right from goal one to goal 17 needs to be such that there is an equitable distribution of resources in such a way that environment governance, and the social sector is interlinked, and the famous and Ramachandra Goha being one of the eminent scholars on environment

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has given this statement as that Indian environmental movement is an umbrella term that covers a multitude of local conflicts, initiatives, and struggles where the poor confront the rich in order to protect the scarce diminishing natural resources that are needed for survival.

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The review of literature talks about in detail how over the decades social movements across Span India have occurred. Starting from 1,900 seventys in the mountainous parts of the Indian subcontinent to the coastal parts of Western India.

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In terms of the various movements starting from Chipco movement, the Nalmada Bachau, and Nolan to the latest movements that have taken place. Post 2,000. That is the single Nandigram resistance in Eastern India, and the latest, which is the Nanar anti refinery protest in India, which has witnessed a series of resistance movements across the country

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mainly to defend the rights to natural resources. Social conflicts have occurred over the years, over the participation or systematization of rural common property resources, especially forests and fisheries, which has surfaced changing patents of their ownership, control and usage.

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Thus environmental movements are primarily people's movements for the protection of the environment, its restoration and contemporary socio-economic issues.

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The entire research is based on 2 theories. One is the theory of the tragedy of the Commons and the resource curse, which definitely tells us about the fact that in nations which are extremely rich in resources, we fossil resources, renewable, non-renewable resources, etc. Are actually very poor. There is a staggered rate of development in countries like these.

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and the theory of the tragedy of Commons with states that the use of Commons is such that it comes to the it comes to below the carrying capacity of the land, and thus the need to protect the commons and the Cpr. For the betterment of the society.

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And now taking forward the social movements and environmental campaigns across India, which will be continued by my colleague. Thank you.

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Okay.

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yeah, thank you very much. So since it's a joint paper. So we are taking care of this, and we'll manage the time as well.

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So I'll be primarily focusing on this mapping of social movements and the Dec. Campaigns across the country. And there's a long history of the campaigns and movements that they have been raising the voice against the exploitation, against the over exploitation of the resources, natural resources, particularly the land, water, and forest based resources.

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And these are the some of the glimpses. And if you see that all those primarily the the all the petrochemical, and all those industrialization so called industrialization, it's developed, and near the coastal builds and coastal area, right from Jukujaratjuna to Kolkata, near West Bing, or also and there has been a lot of tensions and and environmental kind of maybe the movements. Social movements also has taken

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taken place in these areas. But primarily we have a long history. The whole in this the silent valley right from the beginning that they have been putting the flag against the kind of with the exploitations, and that begins in the State of Kerala. And they have fostered this economic development in the name of economic development and generation of the hydroelectric power electricity through the constructions of dams over the reverse.

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And then the classic example of this trade-off between the protection of the environment and economic development.

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So basically, there are a lot of tensions has been there. But again, people have raised their voices against the unjust and unequal relations which are exist in society, and they have stopped cutting the trees through the Chipco moments in 1,974. And late that moment was led by Sundar Al Jibohoguna, and Chandi Prasad, but in Rajasthan, primarily, initially, it was started

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by the Bishnui community, and that later on it has taken place in Northern States of our India!

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Then Apico moment in South India! So that was also inspired by the Chipco moment and initiated by the villagers of the western guts in Uttar, Canadaistic of Karnataka, and the villages prevented from this the collecting the forest produce, while commerce share failing 3 and extreme kind of maybe the felling trees, and for Sdiva stations, and so on. So therefore, the women led these women and youth late this whole struggle, and it went on more than 38 days or so

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so. Of course, there is a loss of biodiversity has taken place. So, therefore, the people's initiative or the local people's initiative, and their wisdom has taken care, like the beach. But Javanolan said, Save our seeds, kind of maybe the campaign which was started, and and they have given a message to the entire nation that the 12 Anas or Barra and us. That means the 12 seeds to be conserved, protected, and kept it for the future generation. That's what we call it today, sustainable development for the futures.

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And of course, many of you are aware about this. The whole struggle last 40 years, or almost 4 decades.

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say Nurmada Valley and this valley the or the people gave a message that no more disposition and displacement, without having the proper rehabilitation and just rehabilitation of the affected people in the valley, and that is, in the states of Bujarat Maharashtra, and they produce 3 States. More than 200 villages. More than one lack. 25,000 people must have displaced. Okay, for the for the sake of this building, of this saga server projects in in.

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But this has given a different message to the entire globe. That World Bank had to withdrawn itself because they were saying that. Yes, we want to increase the highs of the dam. Rise this rising the whole height of the dam. But They had to be dropped at at last. Yes.

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the next world is. Of course, there are lot of conflicts has already taken. The next World War will be over the water, and these are the Some kind of maybe the examples say that, like Chiliika movement in 1990, s. People are protesting for the resources, preventing the resources and stopping the all kinds of privatization which is laid in the vicinity. Yes, of course, this more than 50, but 54% of the Indians or the 600 million people affected by high or extremely high water stress business also.

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and especially in the primarily central built of India has affected quite a lot. So therefore there are some movements also has taken place, like anti postc movement in Woodisa State of Odissa, or the coastal line of that Odyssey, and they were putting gender against these. what do you call as in the Korean companies? And they were displacing the the millions of people in the coastal built of Odysa.

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Of course there has been other struggles, has been like in calling another resistance moment in 2,006. So they have gunned down almost 16 people, tribal people, and those were the natives of those or the indigenous people of the particular States for the sake of development and in the name of development, but at whose cost and what cost development that we are aiming so like these kinds of questions have raised by this even the single also, in the name of special economic zones and economic

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trades and things like that, we have established more than 1,100 A/C. Js. In India, but within that also there has been quite a lot. Violations and displacement also has taken place in various parts. Okay, there can be industrialization, but without

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compromising the identity or the people's, their livelihood, resources, national resources, and a a other kind of maybe their survival resources as well.

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So of course, there has been another struggle in Maharashtra's that okay, all these and petrochemical and petroleum industries hubs were introduced, and that both people and the local people have been struggling against all kinds of these projects. And they are not anti development.

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Okay, this is there something that we need to understand? They are asking for just kind of maybe the development, just development which will be taking care and making them equal partner in the development process as well. So now next will be taken care of. My colleague mission, please.

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thank you, sir. Moving on with the presentation. We are also highlighting the fact that the 2 years of 20 to 2,021, when the world has witnessed the situation of the pandemic and the times of crisis and the environmental impact that has happened creating a lot of environmental refugees, refugees caused as a result of displacement and disposition.

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And this is not just a situation in India alone. But It's a global cry, as we see the example of Bretta Thunberg and her Fridays for future or Ff. Was started in August 2,018. So this is one such movement. But many such movements need to be acknowledged, and need to be taken forward to protect the environment.

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The study is entirely based on the rationale of the need to understand the relevance

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and social legal impact of such social and environmental movement span India. The growing human environment conflict to the excessive climate change induced vulnerabilities both at the micro and macro level to assess the social change, rural transformation and resilient management of resources for a sustainable future.

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At present the 1.5°C versus 2.2°C. Global warming is what needs to be taken care of. It is the current challenge that the world faces. The research questions are primarily 3. That is one climate change induced vulnerabilities

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and the impact of such vulnerabilities on the refugees in India. And to what extent has fossil capitalization led to climatic badgeries in India. One such example is the fossil capitalization that has occurred in the State of West Bengal, in India, where coal mining is done excessively, and the mining of this fossil fuel has led to several problems apart from the impact on climate.

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on the traditional livelihoods, etc. But the question arises whether the resource is a blessing or a curse. Therefore the theory of the study, the resource, curse of the paradox of plenty, that is, nations which are abundant in resources as yet facing a staggering rate of development.

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We can't return to normal because the normal that we had was the problem in the first place.

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and the objectives talk about the trajectory of the social movements and in-depth analysis of the movement, the role of the government and the State, and also the role of movements in protecting the environment and traditional livelihoods and the scope of social, ecological practices towards achieving sustainable development.

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we have basically used case studies, participatory methods. Ground. I view methods both qualitative and quantitative methods for collection of data, and all the pictures and images that are used in the presentation and study were collected during field work.

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Eco crisis is mainly a result of anthropogenic underpinning. It is because of our human activities and indiscriminate activities which have led to the terrible conditions of the environment, be it in the form of extreme weather, events in India, severe crop, productivity and overall food production, land, elineation, disposition, and loss of livelihoods

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and the Severist implication on the resources of on the Cpr. Dependence especially. Thus we would like to end the presentation and the study, both by leaving you and leaving all of us with the question that should environment versus development be a debate that we should be having.

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The last is talking about the dialectics of the movements and the way forward. That is the government intervention, policy, formulation, resource, use and control socioeconomic equity.

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We end here. But the discussion continues, thank you so much for giving us a patient hearing.

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Yeah, thank you very much. sampat andishi. So now we shall continue with due to the sun and robots from Australia. So

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the floor is yours.

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Click a clickup.

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Yes, sir.

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Okay, thank you very much for coming this evening.

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and Rob and I are going to talk about Alan Terrain, and whether or not his work and ideas has has relevance for our work.

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So we are involved in and have been for some time in

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research, involving young people.

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on

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questions like lowering voting age and climate change. And this is raised few questions for us about, for example, the Re, the researchers relationship with young people like, what are we doing as researchers? Why do we do it? What's what? What are we there for what's our in purpose?

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And also like what are the political objectives of those campaigns? And so one of the things we do is sort of understand or define politics as a relationship

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that involves recognizing the relationship between us and as researchers and young people, also as political. And

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I'm going to let Robert say the next thing, because he's good at that.

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No, he's not. Some of the political issues in that relationship were brought home vividly in late 2,021

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when Pip Collins is in the room, and Michelle Katenzaro and Stuart Jackson and Faith Gordon.

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who is not here tonight, and Judith and I put in an application for aoc funding for our study of

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the school strike for climate. The Irc approved the funding, and then the then Minister

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Stuart. Robert vetoed it.

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We were lucky we were one of the lucky 6 who also had their projects

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vetoed. For various reasons.

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It reminded us that

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our research is not neutral or objective

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or uncontroversial. It's part of a contentious politics which I think academics need to understand. Our constant flight into objectivity and value. Neutrality

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is neither possible nor desirable is their value in this context. Then, in drawing on the work of French sociologist, Alan Toren. who, I should point out, died 2 weeks ago, at the great age of 97.

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He was an extraordinary figure in the 1,900 seventys and eightys. His

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work with major social movements in the Sixtys, and then the Eightys, particularly with the Polish Solidarity movement.

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excited people like me back. Then, as a way of rethinking

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the scholarly relationship. Bajer

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is suitably scathing about the scholarly attitude. The scholar

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is the man of leisure

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for whom the consequences

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research don't matter to anyone except maybe themselves and a few other scholars.

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Who was he.

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Atlanta? And what was his sociological intervention?

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It was very much part of his rethinking the problems with the Marxist structural tradition of class struggle. his rejection of

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that structuralist explanation and his insistence that it's folk like us who make history

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and the circumstances under which we do that he thought were best advanced when we get together and create a social movement for radical

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social transformation. So his work on the anti-nuclear movement, and the student movements in Paris remain untranslated, which is a pity into English. But his work on the Polish Solidarity movement and his other great work, the voice and the eye are there for us still to work with and to think with, as we rethink the politics of our scholarly relationships

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to social movements.

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Yeah.

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okay, so what was his model or theory? And it was called sociological intervention model.

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That's not. It doesn't signal psychology intervention.

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So he developed a series of managed, tightly managed meetings with the people engaged in the solidarity movement.

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and His interest was in encouraging them to reflect on what they were doing, and identifying the points of difference whether there were differences within the the movement, and what their sort of purpose for doing it was, it was to encourage debate, to articulate differences, and to think hard about what they were there for and possibilities

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for change. So he produced a series of or encouraged a series of dialogues between the researchers and the people involved in it. So why use his approach? Why use his French guys or French guys approach to research with young people? so it raises questions about spectator model of the social sciences. That idea that we're objective outsiders. And it kind of sometimes feels like you're a bit of a

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voyeurist.

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you know.

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Engaged in extracting data for the next publication. So for me, for us, I think the interest is in

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how we, as researchers, can be politically present. What's our politics in doing it? Are we there to actually is that our politics? Are we and engaging in it with them? And it enables the researcher or a variation of this to clarify what we're doing and why we're doing it

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and it also can encourage a focus on the effectiveness of the campaigns, so can a sociological intervention improve the chances of success by providing intellectual and strategic resources.

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The question we ask.

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So perhaps we can consider some of the difference between those that terrain worked with and our own work. Now. So the Solidarity movement. Rob, you can talk about this

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here.

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there. Yeah.

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The Solidarity movement clearly was a high stakes.

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Dramatic moment in European history as a Catholic Church backed social movement of industrial, mostly male working-class men.

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took on a Communist

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one party's state apparatus complete with military force to back up

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the will. The whim of that state. This was high-stakes territory.

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and there's some interesting increasing about whether we're in a similar high-stakes situation right now. Some of us would say we are, but in a different sense.

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So we have here a question of how easily can we extrapolate

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the learnings to be got from the Tehran intervention with fellow French sociologists, key workers, key activists as they develop

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a more reflexive understanding of what they have to do with whom they are to do it and how to to achieve what they are really after, which is regime change. And that is

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big political stakes. Okay.

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so let's just jump to

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young people and students strike fraction on climate change. So what are the differences between what you know Terrain's work and where we are now? Well, of course, there are age. The people we're working with are young, some

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very young children, and sort of young people as well, and with age, that it brings with it various constraints that include things like age based prejudice. What do you mean? 6 year old, like, what do you mean? They can't talk to you about that ethics, clearances of the university. What you want to talk about young people in politics risk risk? No, no.

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So there are various kinds of obstacles that age brings with it. Then there's a question of gender like with with the school strikes climate movement, for example, that's strongly supported and led by

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women and girls, very young girls so, and the other thing, too, is young people. have minimal political and economic capitals compared to most older people, and certainly compared to those in the solidarity movement.

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solidarity movement had its aims fairly clearly defined, and that was a regime change. so, and it seems as if the climate change. Action is like they're fairly clear, but it's also diffuse. So how would the clump change movements?

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Identify a successful campaign? And then, of course, there are things like technology that's pretty new, and the affordances of that that allows young people to access information to, to communicate it, to influence, thinking, to mobilise, and so on, and so forth, with some similarities also, like the presence of police we have here today. But that was sort of different in terms of solidarity.

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and it raises questions about what kind of capitals do young people have.

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and that is power, and how can they exercise it

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in the societies in which we live.

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and it raises questions, well, what would an intervention look look like today? Or even if we use that idea as a way of sort of stimulating. Well, we could do something else. What would it be? And is it desirable?

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So?

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We cannot say in detail what it would look like. But perhaps we'll put down some ideas, and this is what we're going to do in the last couple of minutes. So

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you could do this big.

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So among the key principles, I guess that inform this idea of a sociological intervention with

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researchers working with the participants to clarify what they're doing and why they're doing it and how they're going to do it.

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We would imagine that

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if we were to have such a relationship with school strike for climate activists, for example, that we'd be working with them to clarify their

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internal

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cohesion, because that's not always a given.

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What do they do? What do they need to do to ensure greater internal coherence.

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What are the key aims and objectives? That question of what would a successful campaign look like, I think, doesn't always get asked.

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Certainly not. In my experience here with the school strike for climate. It often seems that it's enough to get the people out onto the streets.

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That's success? That's a question. The question of identifying resources. What resources would be needed for a successful campaign, I think, is another interesting question. And then I think there are the questions of how you build alliances.

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Who are the key opponents. How do you deal with the opposition that you're going to get? And how do we overcome the obstacles that are inevitably going to be

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dealing with you? You evoken.

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provoke as you engage the campaign. So what are the obstacles? Well.

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you're looking at them. I'm an old white guy.

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I have some capacity to talk to my grandchildren. But talking to a 14 year old activist. That's a bit of a tricky gig. Actually.

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So talking with young people is both the opportunity and the obstacle.

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We have, as Judith mentioned already, the absurd requirement that we get ethics clearance from university. So we can talk to people 14 year olds who are actually

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at least as politically competent as any other people in the community.

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There's the problem which we've experienced quite dramatically back in March this year of looking for a climate movement in Melbourne. But we couldn't find one. The people that had been so successfully present back in

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2018 2019, had all aged out, 5 years is a long time. And suddenly you're no longer

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doing what you're doing when you're 14. So building trust, I think, is the other big question. Trust and truth

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coefficients you need trust.

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and you can get trust if you tell the truth, and you can get truth if you trust each other.

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and it is pretty clear from the work that many others have done that. Young people don't always feel like talking with older people about their politics.

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and particularly when they're academics.

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And of course the the big problem is that in its ideal form Tehran thought years would be needed to devote to the process of a sociological intervention.

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Some of us would say, that's possibly now a bit of an extravagance or a lecture we cannot afford. So the ponderous and slow processes involved in working through Talan's sociological intervention, I think, are problematic, not least, all because young people lead very busy lives.

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So what what we're doing is like this is the beginning of this is a provocation for us, with colleagues to write

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what, despite.

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what kind of what kind of practice good practice would look like, and then to to actually do it, try and do it. So what would a sociological intervention model, or something like that look like? Would it involve meetings and dialogues and deliberation, and then report writing, and then feeding back. And then more dialogue. And

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are there electronic options? would working with young people, help in terms of, you know, providing our skills in in terms of advocacy or speech, writing would it help in terms of clarifying there and in purpose? and also.

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I mean, would young people be actually able to provide expertise for us. And also could they provide some educational programs for politicians? Professional development, for example? so it's, I think, also, just to flip the possibilities around sometimes.

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a lot of people doing work on this at the moment. Ben Bauman, for example, said, obviously there are difficulties in working in this way with young people who often, as Rob said, not often, but sometimes don't want to discuss politics, and reject being seen as political activists.

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and he, he's successful. The best thing to do is sort of talk about their politics as part of their everyday lives, and that allows for a more nuanced understanding of the relationships between their lived experience and their political engagements, and that it is important to see young people as experts, not as people who were there necessarily to help, because they can actually

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provide us with some learning experiences as well. He provided a few models, but you know. Like, when we look around, we see it already being practised with the work that we're

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observing

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and engaging ourselves with our colleagues like, for example, Michelle Katzano over there that one

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She's doing some amazing house work with young people in Sydney next month at the powerhouse. That, I think, comes very close to sort of this sort of model that we're trying to articulate. And, Eve, May, I heard it talking about what she's doing last night as well with working with young people, and we in our project the Aic project, and there's picked over there who's doing the lead?

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we engage young people as co- researchers in other projects that we've done like editing co-editing books on young people, sociology of youth. They offer a lot in terms of being co-authors. They bring something into the project. They articulate what they want in their voice, and they get published. so this is like our first go at looking at, and we're welcome

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welcoming others, to participate in it and to be hopefully, our

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co-authors down there. on developing this into a paper and a model for good practice research with young people and say, Anata, thank you.

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So yeah.

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thank you so much, Juliet and Rock.

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And now we are going to continue with an online presentation from Kesu Kimori from Japan.

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Can you hear us?

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Kei MORI: I'm sorry, but I cannot. share my slides

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Kei MORI: from my PC. Can you?

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But we can hear you

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the

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so

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yeah, we can see you and see your slides. So

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alright.

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yeah.

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yeah. Yeah. The floor is yours. Okay?

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Kei MORI: So I see the slide. And can you hear me?

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Yeah.

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Kei MORI: all right. So so do, Judy. Thank you for your sale, Nara. I I received it. It. It's surely yeah. let me start my presentation. My name is Case. Good morning. I'm from Japan.

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Kei MORI: And the title of my presentation today is knowledge production process of grassroots, environmental activism against the nearly emerged environmental pollution.

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Kei MORI: A case study of P first pollution from Us. Military basis. So Pfos is a a key concept of my presentation.

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Kei MORI: So let me spring fast.

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Kei MORI: Well, actually, P. First is. pfas is an abbreviation of par and poly hulora, allocate substances and people's. A chemical substance group, consisting of more than 3,000 similar substances.

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Kei MORI: The first has been produced in the chemical industry as catalyst water proof or water, repellent coding agents and fire extinguishing form due to their water in solvable properties.

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Kei MORI: People so recently recognized what worldwide as environmental pollutants, due to the accumulative nature in animal and human bodies. and now a subject to be controlled by environmental institutions in many countries.

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Kei MORI: So sorry. And this in a presentation. I like to clarify, First, how forward military calls. P. First, pollution is formulated.

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Kei MORI: and second, how local communities have recognized, and so to solve the pollution.

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Kei MORI: So next, let me review the previous research on people's pollution.

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Kei MORI: People's pollution research to date shed light on the influence of scientific enterprises on the chemical regulatory process.

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Kei MORI: And it can be a divided into into 2 different groups, that fast group. It can be called unseen Science group that ratified a political process of environmental regulators authorizing the use of a new chemicals without disclosing the original companies research on environmental impact.

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Kei MORI: The second group can be called Undone Science Group.

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Kei MORI: which argued that regulatory process that did not provide a scientific assessment just by the needs of the community and a social movements concerned.

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Kei MORI: The previous studies have revealed corporate administration obstacles for resolving people's pollution

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Kei MORI: on the other.

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Kei MORI: That was 10, and to overlook a following military or a military cost environment to the issues

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Kei MORI: which is the actual subject to his presentation. So in this presentation, I like to clarify the following to Christians. the first is, what is the legal structure that makes residents difficult to remove the previous contamination.

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Kei MORI: The second is, under these circumstances, how do local communities see to solve the cont contamination.

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Kei MORI: So to understand the legal structure of environmental issues. It's important to important first, to understand the history of the State as of forces agreement which, I would.

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Kei MORI: discuss in detail.

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Kei MORI: Okay, now, Prefecture is located among mainland, Japan, mainland, China and Taiwan, which is the subject of this study

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Kei MORI: the red dot on the map, you can see, is where actually, okay. Now, Prefecture is located

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Kei MORI: the status force status of forces agreement between the United States and Japan was inacted in 90 52 at the same time as the restoration of Japan's sovereignty.

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Kei MORI: Okay, now was at the time see under Us. Military occupation until 1,972. So major Us. Spaces were constructed during this period.

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Kei MORI: after the return, walking over to Japan in 1,972 Japan, used so far was applied to former Us. Occupied Okinawa to date.

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Kei MORI: So then, what is unique about environmental pollution by for the military forces is that the legal framework is regulated by in international law, namely, the stateals forces agreement so far in abbreviation rather than by domestic law.

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Kei MORI: especially in Japan, you. So far there is a marked tendency not to disclose operational information on any agreements.

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Kei MORI: there is a recent amendment of so far in 2,015 and under recent conduct concluded, supplemented and rampant agreement.

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Kei MORI: Japan's right to deal with the environmental pollution is partly improved on the other entry may be applied for in the event of current incident, for example, hospital affecting the environment.

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Kei MORI: Why the Japanese Government is, although to conduct on Site inspections, it is not authorized to contact them under its own executive authority and to take measures to prohibit acts that infringe on the environment.

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Kei MORI: The Japanese government is also now authorized to allow prefectural and the local governments to conduct surveys without a consent of the Us. Government. Furthermore. domestic environmental laws do not apply to pollution control.

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Kei MORI: These factors constitute the structural limits of environmental pollution control.

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Kei MORI: He was contamination in Okinawa has a long history.

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Kei MORI: It has been used as a fire extinguisher. which is also called a trip or F from the 19 seventies. To date

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Kei MORI: 2,016, was the turning point when the local mass media cover the possible drinking water contamination from the U.S.A. Air base. The detection of people in grand water made a community aware of dangers or pivots.

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Kei MORI: So under these those conditions, how local communities, including environmental activists and local mass media have a struggle to solve the contamination. So I interviewed 2 key environmental activists with semi-structured interviews

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Kei MORI: as a result

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Kei MORI: for

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Kei MORI: the first is, namely, transcending blocking strategies or security administration.

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Kei MORI: The second is categorized as knowledge distribution across linguistic barriers.

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Kei MORI: The third is direct, networking with the Adam and you strategy organizations. The last one is categorized as collaboration with local media.

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Kei MORI: So let me look at them one by one, on the following slides.

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Kei MORI: So far as the first repertoire is categorized as transcending blocking strategies of security administration.

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Kei MORI: because to counter the cover and up tendency of the Security Administration.

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Kei MORI: The active is so to obtain public records regarding the use history of the basis through the Us. And the Japanese freedom of Information Act.

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Kei MORI: The second is categorized as knowledge distribution across linguistic careers because there were a few scientific studies. he was a written in Japanese.

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Kei MORI: The activists have translated and the distributed scientific knowledge on pivots risks to the Japanese audience.

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Kei MORI: The thought it's direct networking with government organizations.

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Kei MORI: local government officials and council members often have no professional training and must simply believe what their spirits tell them.

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Kei MORI: So in this case a Ministry of environment of Japan

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Kei MORI: activists conducted advocacy activities for municipalities at that wanted to stop P first contamination. But they did not know how to do so.

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Kei MORI: That is categorized as a a, a

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Kei MORI: collaboration with the local media activists frame the issue through mass media in that to make the elite aware of the situation in Okinawa.

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Kei MORI: which is physically distant from Tokyo in the Central of Japan. In doing so they promote a circulation of discourse on and seeing an undoubted science.

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Kei MORI: So next, let's look at how the local media cover the people's issue. A shown in the graph

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Kei MORI: pivots related articles in a major local newspaper have increased over the years.

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Kei MORI: The increase is particularly noticeable. In 2,019, when the Ministry of Environment began to consider setting domestic Pcs limits

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Kei MORI: in 2,020,

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Kei MORI: a large league from a triple F from the Thema Air base, and made headlines, and since then it has continued to be a local water source issue

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Kei MORI: to date.

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Kei MORI: So for my information on the occurrence network of article topics, please see? if you are interested, I just skip 2 slides, and let's move on to the discussion.

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Kei MORI: having a look at the characteristics of the sofa in Japan. Let's compare it with that of Germany. I actually investigated it before.

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Kei MORI: The Japanese type of so far is a bilateral agreement which the Us. whereas the we, we, the United States, whereas the German one, is a multi latter agreement in NATO, which means that the Japanese? Why, it's Directory influenced by the Us. Government.

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Kei MORI: What about what about the application of the domestic low to p-host pollution in the case of Germany. and domestic loads are directly applied to the pace. but in the case of Japan

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Kei MORI: it is handled according to regulations made by the Japanese and the Us. Government

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Kei MORI: and a domestic laws are basically not applied.

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Kei MORI: In addition to this, the promotion of national environmental laws for P. First regulation is also a joint decision at the EU level in Germany.

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Kei MORI: whereas in the case of Japan, national laws need to be amended.

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Kei MORI: Furthermore, the establishment of the regulatory framework in Japan is being delayed compared to the EU measures.

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Kei MORI: So in response to the legal circumstances, environmental activists have tackled that people's program.

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Kei MORI: utilizing the know how accumulated through a past practice. and have worked on producing and distributing knowledge pollution.

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Kei MORI: The local media also reported on the issue of peers from various perspectives.

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Kei MORI: including the political process and its impact on local lives. They contributed to building a discourse of the community in, you know.

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Kei MORI: So and I'll confute

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Kei MORI: In the presentation I argued that the difficulties in resolving military environmental pollution, or where people are due to the in tongue entanglement of unseen and undone science and at the blocking strategy of the sofa.

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Kei MORI: While facing these limitations, local environmental activism has raised the governmental bodies. Awareness of the need for change

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Kei MORI: in cooperation with the local mass media through a knowledge production and distribution.

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Kei MORI:  On the other hand, it is also limitation. This, this, this study for the compared to research on people's pollution and its counter measures, and in other area is needed.

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Kei MORI: For example, there are so many sites where P. First pollution was found in the Us. Main on the basis and in its vicinity.

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Kei MORI: There are also other countries where you smell is stationed overseas. such as in Germany, Italy, Spain, South Korea, and so forth.

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Kei MORI: And furthermore, a a perspective sees mutilization as a genealogy of us settlers, meditarism in the Pacific Island region.

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Kei MORI: Analyzing pivot contamination along this framework will also be a challenge in the future. So if you're interested in this topic or thinking about the future collaboration. Please feel free to email me, or just a a give me a directly, a a message in the chat

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Kei MORI: on the zoom. So thank you for listening. Thank you.

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Yeah, thank you very much. And now we have the last presentation from Marina

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from Italy. Unfortunately, she she couldn't make it here today. But she sent her a

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record, a pre-recorded presentation. So

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I think we can watch it, and we

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I don't know how we can do it with the questions. But yeah, still, we can watch it.

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Thanks to the new organizer of this session for accepting my paper, I would apologize for a friendly, pre-recorded video instead of a live presentation. But on June 20 seventh I'll be traveling from London to Italy, and I'm sure you will be able to join this session at the right time.

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I'll briefly introduce myself. I know Natalie, the principal investigator, who loved the project that I am going to present. I am a sociologist, and I work at the University of Padua. In Italy.

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The green project I present today is funded with the stars starting rent, but the University of Padua is still ongoing. It last for 2 years, and we have not yet completed the first year of the activities we are still working on. The analysis of some data

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for the fullest work package while we are starting to be activities of a second world package. So I will try to give you an overview of the project and to a large some key points about how is fetnography as oriented research, and point out some things emerged from the first analysis.

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I will divide my presentation into 3 parts. First, a short introduction to the Rabbin project. Second, the description of the methodology, and, third, the discussion of the discourse is emerged by the brilliant preliminary analysis. So

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let's begin from the introduction to the project done.

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A regret project rules on parents. Everyday work of sensitisation to through environmental values by focuses focusing on an under research, contemporary social movement, the secular international humanist movement. This project investigates the pro environment activism of humanist parents and their work to socialize the next generation to green responsibilities.

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The Humanist movement represented at least 4 million people worldwide. with about 160 organisations in over 80 countries. The Humanist movement has its most prominent organisations in the Us. And Western Europe, and in Western Europe, Europe. There are more than 60 established organizations in 25 European countries.

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The humanist movement promotes a non-religious ethics, democratic, fair, and both societies through activism in particular.

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humanism emphasizes humans, responsibilities in giving meaning to and shaping. their personalized people, personal lives in shaping good relationships among humans without belief in a in a God and responsibilities to work towards the next generations and towards the planet part.

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The feeble of the Green Project has been conducted in the United Kingdom. Norway, and Italy. So we have 3 countries. that were selected for different characteristics concerning the presence of the humanities. Momentum.

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Now I am going to present our research questions.

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These are these are our are our specific research questions. how does humanist parents, public environmental activism work? How does humanist parents, environment, activism work in their families and watch future environmental citizenship for children do humanist times claim.

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So we have involved in this research 3 different aspects, the public sphere of the activism, the private sphere of the parents, activism and also their perception about the future scenarios

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and policy implications.

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And this hour are our expected outcomes. I mean investigating the social practices of of these firms and transforming them into case studies will help to advance knowledge or useful to develop, but policy users

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attentive to gender and generational aspects. Taking the pressing civilisation transition proposed that the National and Cross National Green deals are currently under discussion.

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then we will up to draw on the concept of green parental responsibilities and to contribute to developing tools. For in theoretical and interreligious dialogue about an environmental citizenship in European countries.

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Now, I'm going to focus on the metal. So the methodology of my project.

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We chose the institution like anography that I call we call I as a research orientation. Thanks to I, we can study out the interface between the humanist parents, the humanist movement, the family with its particular duling functions in contact with our learning functions. For example, in the education system gets organized in terms of the everyday social relations.

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negotiations and resistances between humanist parents and other non-humanist parents and other people involved in the process of children. Education and sensitization towards

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the environmental

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institutional ethnography studies the power of text and and language in organizing people's everyday life. It describes our viewing that relations operate through text

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more specifically. I explores how institutional resources frame, how individuals think and act within their everyday practices, connecting the local social experience of the individual to the ruling test of institutions of level, and to the discourses of the society as a whole.

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an institution, a novelty. Text, and documents are investigated as active constituents of social relations. text to come to be identified as central to the relations on their studies.

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I also investigate the actualities of people's lives. So with the focus on how they participate in or are hooked up into institutional relations.

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it studies discourses as social relations. I. Is both a theoretical and methodological approach, aiming to make it visible. The extradition in the extraordinary complex of the ruling relations and seemingly neutral, but bureaucratic processing

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processes.

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The most important aspects to a light about I is that when we are talking about institutional photography, we are talking about

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relations that are mediated by text text are not separate or separable from people's doings. Furthermore, the researcher seeks to focus on the standpoint of the people whose experience provide the starting point of the next of investigation.

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Now, I'll show you the tools and activities for each stage of the research project

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in the first working world package. We explore how human is parents, public environmental activism works through 2 activities. the content analysis of institutional and text

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which are institutional websites and institutional publications and participant observation of pro- environmental campaigns, events organized by the humanist parents.

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In the second work package we explore how him and his parents. Environmental activism works within their families, through different 2 different kinds of biologic interview with parents, individual children, and the diary for parents.

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In the third book package we explore a watch. Future environmental citizenship for children. Humanist parents claim through focused groups with human inspiration and experts. And they'll feed with humanist experts and bombs in a Gaza.

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Now, I'm going to focus on the preliminary results of my project. we are still working on the working package number 2, and we start the working package and number 3 in the ultimate.

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In the first work package we conducted Content analysis of institutional website and publication of this movement in different countries, to enlight the institutional discourses about the social, ecological practices promoted by these goals through campaigns.

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the disjunctors between environmental public policies and parents every day in the needs that these groups are like about how the climate change issue is framed by these campaigns and about how humanist ethics and beliefs affect the promotion of such social ecological practices

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in this nice. So we have an example of the text analyzing the Uk field worker. and that is a long list. But let's start with results concerning the sociological practices.

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From the analysis of the institutional text. We have identified different discourses concerning the social, ecological practices and different social ecological practices promoted by this growth through different to specific campaigns.

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The first is what I call the scientific principle discourse, as they suggest to use the social ecological practices which follow scientific evidence.

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For instance. So we we we can read the the fragment. To encourage To encourage humanists to to adopt greener lifestyle. So, following the best available scientific evidence.

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then we can see a list of practices like giving support to actions and legislation to reduce emissions giving support to to fair trade, joining rallies and campaigns to support the change and Orient policies and legislation.

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and also supporting the creation of active cycle, of eco-humanists to discuss and debate environmental issues.

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Many of those we have identified as practices appear, in fact, as meta practices or reflections on good practices.

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Let's talk now on how the disjunctors Between people's needs and governments, policies are highlighted in humanis's text.

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We can find, namely, to these jungles that are addressed by this tag, that the first is the need to reduce gas gas emissions, while governments do not reach that goal. That is a kind of disruptors, tabled also by most of the environmentalist and the more specific, the second, the more specific local discourse concerning poverty and inequalities, a particular aspect of the notion of sustainability that concerns the privatization of land

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that is very specific about a specific local group of your minister.

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Let's see now how the climate change issue is framed by institutional text of humanist movement. First of all, climate change is one of the core issues of humanist campaigns among religion. Lgbtq plus rights. abortion, human rights and war and blasphemy.

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then text. I like the centrality of the climbing climate change issue for humanity and the centrality of the science to fight misinformation and veterinary and policy making.

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then, the tax analysis points out how a specific intrinsic discourse of humanism, the human responsibility in this course works as a book.

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pushed it to action for the present and future generations. Let's have a deeper look at the responsibility, discourse, and disconnections with the humanist. So

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Responsibility has a central role in humanism, hatred, so human responsibilities are consumed as self and collective responsibilities that support all the human relations and actions.

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For example, your weekend. With this this statement from one of the associations. broadly speaking, humanism can be said to be built on 3 corner stones of faith in science and human experience. They believe that man has a potential for freedom and must take responsibility for his own life. We believe that people can collectively develop the capacity for political reflection and borough action.

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And there another statement from a different source of humanists view democracy and the individuals rights as fundamental values that we can justify rationally. We are responsible for our actions and choices for each other and for future generation. We must work together with others for the common good and take responsibility for nature and the environment.

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In addition to the general responsibility of this course, we have identified a second discourse concerning the collective responsibility towards the environment.

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For instance, from that fluffy fragment there is very little that the inhabitants of the Polynesian island can do to avoid ending up submerged by the ocean, however much they may exist as an exemplary ecologism, their fate depends more on the action of the remaining 8 billion people around the world than on there.

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Another fragment human is believed that we should take responsibility for environmental problems in order to foster a so sustainable existence that supports human welfare and happiness.

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Then to conclude in our subjects course on self-awareness and environment as a manager. see the fragment environmentalist, I have convincingly demonstrated that humanity is not just in the natural crisis we are the crisis.

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And then again, the permanent scores that concern the responsibility towards next generation. Right in the fragment. As humanist. We have a responsibility to ensure that those those become after us at the good climate in which to live.

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I would like to clarify that we are still working on data, and that on the data that we have corrected, and that we will triangulate this results of this data with the data that we will collect from the next working work packages, however, and we argue that institution ethnography has a strong potential to study social movements

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because it allows analyzing the micro nasal and macro-dimensions by the use of in its particular keycomes, etc.

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For instance, the notion of this charter allows to identify and study the gap between people's actualities and needs and institutional. During this causes

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the notion of institution in institutional ethnography refers to clusters of tax mediated relations which are organized around around the particular building functions, such as education, health, care, and law.

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After all, the General's notion of the World Cup by Dorothy Smith that does not concern what people are paid to do, but anything that people do take that takes time afforded intent.

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Institutional photography adopt this conceptual work in exploring the actualities of institutions. It Orbans the researcher to what people are actually doing as they participate in whatever way in institutional processes. And it will be exactly the humanist parents work that we will study in the next step of this project.

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That is the analysis of the interface between humanist's parents, humanist Movement family, with its particular doing functions in contact with our learning functions.

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And we organize this particular interface in terms of the work that these parents do to transmitterate their environmental concerns, their environmental values and the need to actions to the next generation. So how they transmit these values, values, needs and concerns to their next generation to their children.

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So thank you very much for your attention and for further questions. After this presentation, you can contact me at my email address that's present in the first in the first slide. Thank you so much.

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So thank you. We do.

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 that was new clap into a video. so yeah, thank you. And now we're gonna start the question part. So

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she is joining us online. And

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maybe you guys, you can presenters join us on the table, maybe for the questions.

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and we can move around the mic.

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You guys want to to rob and do this

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if you want to turn the table, please.

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And you would. You would like to? Yeah, this you can have a round of questions first, and then.

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thanks very much.

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Sydney. I had some patentish. I, obviously the last part of it was quite rushed to.

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I'm interested in this sort of dialectical reading of climate impacts and movements, and how you

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see that conceptually, maybe shifting away

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these environmental movements on the ground. our livelihood, and so on.

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where they work.

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and then on Judith Rob.

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I was interested that you selected the sociological intervention. Aspects of terrain work trains work because there are other aspects that will be on the face of it, very relevant.

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A few of them are

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focus on the militant

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to. I always argue for effects on the militants. The leading edge of the movement

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as far as the future, that leading edge.

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The question.

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subjectification.

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It's a subjective, for you know, subject toification is that is that relevant?

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 And of course. the big clang structural claim

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drains about program society

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are these expressions? Is these expressive movements identity centers?

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Or are they something else?

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So there's 3 sessions issues that I thought might be relevant or not. some terrain for my reading training, I am sure this

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yeah, thank you so much for the presentations. Folks. you stole my thunder about terrain, so I'll just leave it at that, because you'll probably have the rest of the night to answer that.

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And I was interested particularly in the comments that you made about

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the the the protesters aren't anti-development, but they are just development. So I'd like you to just expand upon that. And maybe in that expansion.

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Could you? Could you try and cover the was it a deliberate ploy

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to, you know? Go for the moralistic, go for the ethical frame as a method of sort of resisting.

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You know what was not just about them.

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01:13:34.880 --> 01:13:54.499
And well, I've got the mike. thank you so much for your presentation, too. I I come from Newcastle in New South Wales, where there's also a defense for space with pfas, that's continuing. I guess my question was, was around

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the slide that you showed about the peak. That initial peak in 2,019 of media attention was actually brought about, you said by the Minister for a Minister for the Environment. So I guess my question is.

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is that the way

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the the movement

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I go the other way around is the employment of the mass media as a solution to, you know, getting this address.

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the democratic process itself

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01:14:26.090 --> 01:14:38.360
more than it's in the mass media. The the more people like that environment is to get up and, you know, have the gumption to put in legislation or have the gumption to address some of the international

404
01:14:38.410 --> 01:14:42.620
issues that are surrounding the Okinawa base. Thank you.

405
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I don't know if you want to answer those first, or should I?

406
01:14:50.110 --> 01:15:19.450
Yeah. And yeah, so I'm interested in how climate activists use the litigation and courts. And so both from India and Australia, I would like to hear a yeah, to what extent? That is something that we see. And for the Australian case, I know there was one case, the youth verdict recently, and particularly with young people. So if you had some reflections on that case, it would be interesting to

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01:15:25.870 --> 01:15:26.560
yeah.

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So I'm

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yeah.

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So I should be going.

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01:15:41.160 --> 01:15:46.699
So first of all. Thank you very much for all asking these brilliant questions, that

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the first question which is relevant to and quite interesting also in terms of dialectical process.

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and the whole issue was of

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in the context of movement

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is, of course, it has been observed.

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Various context.

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what has been seen there? as in ground. I view that has been always backward and okay to to may be kind of will be set on form, and several rise also has seen in the movements. And and with this context

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and the methods that have been used, those are, of course, not just in terms of maybe the

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properly use of this, whether it is a land acquisition, or maybe the introduction of the

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the whole new programs for the development purposes, and so on. So that's not so clear in the, in the.

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in the current context. And therefore it is, seen as an anti development approach. Or maybe the anti, the kind of maybe the industrialization, or any kind of in processes which are taking place. So in that context, it is, it seems like that. But of course there is a whole formation of the class is also taking place, like the marginalization or the penalty.

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and the more marginalization is also taking place in the name of the development and for the sake of development also, and that is quite relevant to the next question of which has been raised just to development of will be anti development.

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Yes, people are asking for just and on the basis of the constitutional parameters and the provisions which has been there.

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and people are focusing with the with all kinds of people, with the civilians and the spaces which has been given by the Constitution itself. But it seems sometimes that what is anti development or anti industrialization policies and programs, but and and there are a lot of maybe the public interest litigations also, while

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in the courts also, and people have conducted the independent tribunal of independent people's terminals to understand the people's voices in people's kind of maybe the raised issues in the in front of the judicial processes also, and judicial activism and judicial advocacy process, like we call it as a parliamentary advocacy or the judiciary and working with the various X

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judges and things, and and that has been also conducted. Of course it's a long process, and therefore I I said, said that World Bank withdrawn. Okay, whatever money which was sanctioned by the World Bank for the Ssp. Project in, or the so that they have to withdraw at last.

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Okay, and not only that case, but there are a lot of other cases as well in which they how to slow down the process like in possible. For example, in South Korean Company, which were enlisting quite a lot in the

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coastal areas, in and in Odi sage reasons, and so on. So there are quite lot like these kinds of processes are taking place. And of course, the whatever dialectics is really what that we need to understand in the context of social moments. It's not just really, but it's environmental protections movement.

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And that should be taken. I think the different momentos okay and and and understood and considered also as an environment issue and climate change in the in the larger context as well. So this is what from my side, if you want to

430
01:19:21.660 --> 01:19:25.060
have a focus on this with this.

431
01:19:25.810 --> 01:19:52.870
thank you very much for the questions. And what we are trying to say is that the social movements that have occurred over the debate over the decades is not just an anti development movement, but it is more to bring about an equitable and in a more justified way, Cpr and common property rights and common areas need to be addressed. They need to be protected for the larger goods, so that there is less of this delineation, disposition, and displacement of people around.

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01:19:53.100 --> 01:20:14.120
So it is usually the capitalists, and usually those who are having power and resources in hand, trying to grab more of it, and leaving those who are at the periphery at the at the other, receiving end alone, so that needs to be protected. That means to be taken care of in the larger context of climate change and sustainable development. Thank you.

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I'll have a go answering

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the Christopher T. Around.

435
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He was a famously crusty bugger.

436
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and I was prison

437
01:20:34.440 --> 01:20:42.140
in a memorable moment when he turned up to a conference. It was full of some of the leading American feminists

438
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around about 1,995. I think it was from memory.

439
01:20:45.460 --> 01:20:49.939
and he walked in. He had an envelope 3 points on the back of it.

440
01:20:50.350 --> 01:20:54.850
and his opening line was well, of course, you know the women's movement is not a social movement

441
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there was an explosion.

442
01:20:59.210 --> 01:21:07.710
He had a very austere account, I think, of what he thought the social movement should be, and what it would look like and what it was about, and why it was about what it was.

443
01:21:08.470 --> 01:21:14.980
And it's a moot point, I think, to ask whether it would be fair reasonable to apply

444
01:21:15.530 --> 01:21:21.530
his account of social movements in which his sociological intervention measured. If you like this embedded

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to contemporary circumstances, it's perfectly plain that the voting, the the the make. A 16 campaign, for example, is really hardly a social movement as such in any sense, except it's got a very particular limited.

446
01:21:37.540 --> 01:21:40.209
They specified goal, and it

447
01:21:40.260 --> 01:21:49.350
we, whether it will happen or not. But that's for others to think about his accounts, which are part of that broader theoretical crime of social movements.

448
01:21:49.450 --> 01:21:51.389
particularly about militant

449
01:21:51.800 --> 01:21:58.349
raises. Some, I think, quite important questions. In my judgment. I would say that the

450
01:21:58.440 --> 01:22:02.960
the the direct action advocates at the moment Xr. And

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01:22:03.240 --> 01:22:08.419
blockade, and some of the others made it look much more like a militant

452
01:22:08.710 --> 01:22:13.949
version that has some fake resonance with what Durian was on about

453
01:22:14.100 --> 01:22:17.839
the the school strike for climate seems to be

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far less obviously looking like that. and there is then a whole series of other questions which

455
01:22:25.980 --> 01:22:30.120
I think it would be useful to raise with school strike for plan

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01:22:31.560 --> 01:22:36.160
leaders and participants because it is a moot point. Again.

457
01:22:36.230 --> 01:22:41.920
what is the politics of this? What is, what are they trying to achieve? Is it simply expressive

458
01:22:42.300 --> 01:22:45.650
protest? And there's no doubt a place for that. But

459
01:22:45.730 --> 01:23:00.649
is there anything else a bit more programmatic, or whatever you might want to be thinking about in terms of the Indian movements, are clearly struggling with, and where there is a whole history of all sorts of levels of intervention to achieve

460
01:23:01.450 --> 01:23:06.089
the disaster that we're facing. So I think these interesting questions here.

461
01:23:06.200 --> 01:23:15.580
and apart from the obstacles that we identified working with young people. So I think the political questions that are implied to answer

462
01:23:15.830 --> 01:23:17.980
I mean. remind you

463
01:23:18.120 --> 01:23:26.310
yet to be fully fleshed out. We haven't had those conversations when we're in Castle Main in March and a Victorian

464
01:23:26.490 --> 01:23:37.579
school strike for climate. It was problematic, and I'm doing. We have a talk with the young coordinates of the. So it is a practical.

465
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the

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01:23:39.690 --> 01:23:43.799
questions about the relationship that we would have with those young activists.

467
01:23:47.280 --> 01:23:48.730
Okay, sir.

468
01:23:48.990 --> 01:23:55.110
that last question, thanks. Really good examples of

469
01:23:56.440 --> 01:23:59.590
not researchers, but strategic litigation.

470
01:23:59.890 --> 01:24:02.900
Where you've got all the people

471
01:24:02.910 --> 01:24:09.319
I mean. An Australian case that came from was with Sharma versus the Minister for the Environment.

472
01:24:09.340 --> 01:24:12.840
and the

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01:24:13.040 --> 01:24:17.990
person who was working with her was the bridge of being done.

474
01:24:18.100 --> 01:24:28.389
so that's a really good example of how it can work, and it's not just strategic litigation, but like action.

475
01:24:28.920 --> 01:24:32.850
It was a case where young a student

476
01:24:33.400 --> 01:24:42.769
took the government or confined the government about government bonds, government bond investments. She'd made some investments, and she claimed that

477
01:24:42.920 --> 01:24:44.630
by

478
01:24:44.650 --> 01:25:01.470
it was problematic and that I can't remember the legal details. But she wasn't told of the risks about climate change when she invested in the bonds. and that she got that information from electric she attended at University.

479
01:25:01.520 --> 01:25:09.089
That's another way in which you know my research for academics and teachers don't necessarily have to be. Researchers

480
01:25:09.110 --> 01:25:10.579
can sort of

481
01:25:10.700 --> 01:25:16.929
work with young people to help in getting clarity about.

482
01:25:17.750 --> 01:25:20.099
Then follow the politics at stake.

483
01:25:20.510 --> 01:25:24.590
But yeah, I didn't think of those exceptions if you want to.

484
01:25:30.210 --> 01:25:31.520
he

485
01:25:32.110 --> 01:25:36.959
 I said we we had a question for Kitsuk.

486
01:25:37.900 --> 01:25:40.309
Yes, can you?

487
01:25:40.500 --> 01:25:47.350
Kei MORI: Oh, thank you for the question. I I couldn't hear the name, but showed you the person from Newcastle.

488
01:25:47.840 --> 01:25:51.209
Kei MORI: Give me a question, and the answer is,

489
01:25:51.250 --> 01:25:59.260
Kei MORI: ere.

490
01:25:59.480 --> 01:26:01.209
Kei MORI: especially in that

491
01:26:01.820 --> 01:26:04.640
Kei MORI: in by elementary pollution cases.

492
01:26:04.900 --> 01:26:14.200
Kei MORI: And and in this case, actually in Japan, 2,019 ministry of the Environmental environment indicates, you know.

493
01:26:14.240 --> 01:26:17.630
Kei MORI: intent to take P first measures.

494
01:26:18.080 --> 01:26:22.190
Kei MORI: So that's why, you know,

495
01:26:23.020 --> 01:26:30.880
Kei MORI: keeps attention to. but on the other, right before the this incident

496
01:26:31.350 --> 01:26:40.590
Kei MORI: the major pollution a in one of the biggest years basis central in Tokyo

497
01:26:40.620 --> 01:26:41.710
Kei MORI: was found.

498
01:26:41.800 --> 01:26:44.370
Kei MORI: So that means

499
01:26:44.670 --> 01:26:54.849
Kei MORI: you know, the physical distance from the central power plays or might play a significant role.

500
01:26:55.380 --> 01:27:01.730
Kei MORI: and you know. to to make

501
01:27:02.010 --> 01:27:11.349
Kei MORI: movements string, you know, strong order, bigger. And Okinawa is a physically pretty much distant from the

502
01:27:11.610 --> 01:27:21.760
Kei MORI: Tokyo, the central of the power. So that's why even people's contamination was funds since the 1,960 in 1,916,

503
01:27:21.860 --> 01:27:25.080
Kei MORI: it took almost 3 years, and

504
01:27:25.260 --> 01:27:42.239
Kei MORI: to get measure, you know public attention. And in addition to in 2,020, a measure leak from a of a triple F from

505
01:27:42.540 --> 01:27:43.960
Kei MORI: here's air base

506
01:27:44.340 --> 01:27:46.869
Kei MORI: was a found.

507
01:27:47.240 --> 01:27:49.290
Kei MORI: It's almost

508
01:27:50.240 --> 01:28:01.300
Kei MORI:  30,000 litre of a triple F was leaked from a Us. Spaces to to the you know.

509
01:28:01.360 --> 01:28:07.839
Kei MORI: to the vicinities. and this became a program of drinking water

510
01:28:08.600 --> 01:28:10.589
Kei MORI: and it

511
01:28:10.820 --> 01:28:17.510
Kei MORI: you know, it is the significant moment that local people get more attention to this issue.

512
01:28:17.750 --> 01:28:23.210
Kei MORI: So I don't know if it might be the proper answer. But I try to thank you.

513
01:28:28.220 --> 01:28:32.339
Okay, maybe. Do. We have, maybe, like a second round of questions.

514
01:28:32.470 --> 01:28:35.170
You would like to jump in.

515
01:28:39.810 --> 01:28:42.020
Yeah. we have one more.

516
01:28:49.480 --> 01:29:02.220
Hi, I'm Jamie from Taiwan. I got a question for

517
01:29:02.370 --> 01:29:06.429
that is your research about people

518
01:29:06.520 --> 01:29:13.049
I'm wondering when you discuss knowledge of production.

519
01:29:13.070 --> 01:29:20.080
Are there any experts play any role in this

520
01:29:20.510 --> 01:29:23.210
this controversy?

521
01:29:23.400 --> 01:29:24.140
Yeah.

522
01:29:24.310 --> 01:29:27.100
local expertise or

523
01:29:27.180 --> 01:29:35.689
acting academic people? And that second question is, has a European rich?

524
01:29:36.030 --> 01:29:55.300
 A framework of chemical management? Has any inference to Japanese regulation? What Liberism, I ask is that in Taiwan which has

525
01:29:55.360 --> 01:29:58.860
a lot of inference. So after, like

526
01:29:59.000 --> 01:30:12.350
the application of rich in in Europe, Taiwan has also revised our chemical regulation. So I'm wondering what happened to Japan. Thank you.

527
01:30:15.470 --> 01:30:18.249
Okay. More questions, maybe. Yes.

528
01:30:21.710 --> 01:30:43.550
Oh, hi for What is it, Judith? And well, is that right? Yeah. Try to remember your name. Sorry. yes, I want to ask. I I really appreciate the approach of of engaging with young people this this type of justatory, really reflective, and flexive research. And I wondered if you had some suggestions about how, then you communicate that research

529
01:30:43.730 --> 01:30:50.360
both to academic audiences, but also otherwise, because, because, you know, it's one thing to.

530
01:30:50.450 --> 01:31:06.979
And you understand better what's happening with young people within? How? What are some, maybe equally, or as challenging participatory ways to then disseminate or communicate the results of that research in a way that also engages with academics or policymakers. Thank you.

531
01:31:08.820 --> 01:31:10.470
Thank you.

532
01:31:11.890 --> 01:31:14.960
anyone else, maybe

533
01:31:15.000 --> 01:31:17.940
maybe one last question or a comment or

534
01:31:19.010 --> 01:31:23.520
no, I think we're all set. So please, guys, if you want to.

535
01:31:23.690 --> 01:31:26.670
maybe maybe K. Do you want to start?

536
01:31:28.210 --> 01:31:29.090
Kei MORI: Yes.

537
01:31:30.310 --> 01:31:43.189
Kei MORI: thank you for for the Christian. The answer to the first question is, are there? There are also other expertise who also played

538
01:31:43.220 --> 01:31:54.239
Kei MORI: significant on the role in, you know, and and the movement in Okinawa. But actually, they.

539
01:31:54.450 --> 01:32:03.460
Kei MORI: a majority of them, are not living in Okina. But you know, living in Central, I mean in Tokyo.

540
01:32:03.700 --> 01:32:12.969
Kei MORI: So there are a sudden the strong networks of environment expertise in in Japan.

541
01:32:13.470 --> 01:32:23.130
Kei MORI: but we doubt. yeah, we doubt the help of other expertise in the in the Central Tokyo.

542
01:32:23.200 --> 01:32:26.960
Kei MORI: They they couldn't find out.

543
01:32:27.030 --> 01:32:29.050
Kei MORI: you know, the

544
01:32:29.130 --> 01:32:36.919
Kei MORI: materials, especially the public recourse through the United States and Japanese for? Yeah?

545
01:32:38.070 --> 01:32:46.709
Kei MORI: And the second question to the second question, there is also a certain influence of EU framework, an environmental framework

546
01:32:46.830 --> 01:32:50.400
Kei MORI: to Japanese.

547
01:32:50.620 --> 01:32:55.160
Kei MORI: ministry, but it, I think it is pretty much limited.

548
01:32:55.870 --> 01:33:09.399
Kei MORI: And the actually, this is the most strict regulation of P first is now this cast in the United States around the EPA discourse.

549
01:33:10.080 --> 01:33:15.550
Kei MORI: But nobody it's it's it's in process, for nobody knows it. It's a it will be realized.

550
01:33:15.630 --> 01:33:27.760
Kei MORI: But EU cases regarding the Peers regulation, it is already it decided in next year. The the coherent,

551
01:33:28.070 --> 01:33:30.870
Kei MORI: You know, framework of regulation it would be

552
01:33:31.120 --> 01:33:32.580
Kei MORI: and

553
01:33:32.740 --> 01:33:42.719
Kei MORI: open. But I don't know. I I'm not sure exactly when it's gonna be. But surely, To the December this year, I think.

554
01:33:44.660 --> 01:33:45.459
Kei MORI: Thank you.

555
01:33:49.660 --> 01:33:52.140
Yeah. Please. Guys

556
01:33:52.490 --> 01:33:53.910
here. Okay.

557
01:33:54.420 --> 01:34:02.210
thanks for the question that's great. So I've written a list of how you can.

558
01:34:02.230 --> 01:34:05.710
 what can do with the research to

559
01:34:05.930 --> 01:34:11.570
hopefully make change. So one is like.

560
01:34:12.210 --> 01:34:13.300
it's good

561
01:34:14.180 --> 01:34:30.680
radical idea that politicians actually need professional development. and that is one way that you can do it. And they do actually do have that, and that you can inform that education of politicians through that form of process.

562
01:34:30.770 --> 01:34:47.540
There's obviously journals that if you hit the ones that public servants read, you know, like Australian government, the Australian Journal of Political science. For example, one of the public servants in Canberra, and sometimes politicians read it themselves.

563
01:34:47.550 --> 01:34:52.289
Of course, like media and newspapers like, we

564
01:34:52.320 --> 01:35:02.160
regularly write pieces for the newspaper last week we did 2 or 3 radio interviews about why

565
01:35:02.240 --> 01:35:20.669
governments need to take seriously dropping the age of 6 to 16 to vote. So we do that, and that, you know, and that's often quite interesting, because it gets people engaged, and especially if you get a provocative shop job that can be quite fun, and it creates discussion.

566
01:35:20.750 --> 01:35:33.870
so the I one obviously is like community outreach working with Ngos or giving presentations to all kinds of groups at the university the third day age.

567
01:35:33.920 --> 01:35:45.789
government advice. We're often called on to provide so-called expert advice on particular things. Then there's submissions when there's an inquiry about a particular thing like

568
01:35:45.920 --> 01:35:48.789
What was his name? Jordan still

569
01:35:49.510 --> 01:35:53.450
tried to reduce the voting

570
01:35:53.530 --> 01:35:55.160
to these guys. I

571
01:35:55.280 --> 01:36:18.479
you know our job is also to write submissions, written submissions and oral submissions, then, of course, that I can go on. But then, of course, the last one I'll then I shut up it right in professional and non academic journals and magazines for more general audience. So it's different style of Friday. And you put it all out. And that's what that's what we hopefully

572
01:36:18.560 --> 01:36:24.450
I hopefully do. And of course, sorry one more and I'll shut up

573
01:36:24.470 --> 01:36:39.759
our own students, you know, like we we, we try and inform the curriculum. We're trying to form a line colleagues which I inform university management as well. So there are all the different ways in which we try, and

574
01:36:39.880 --> 01:36:41.260
before

575
01:36:43.640 --> 01:36:46.650
people to make change through our

576
01:36:49.860 --> 01:36:54.880
I just had one final point going back to the question of litigation.

577
01:36:56.190 --> 01:36:59.090
I've scared your guy out. But there are a couple of

578
01:37:00.670 --> 01:37:05.260
legal scholars that are currently trialing so-called climate Cros.

579
01:37:05.910 --> 01:37:10.949
where they bring people into the process of adjudicating, investigating.

580
01:37:11.050 --> 01:37:17.150
make them find these. and hoping to make that part of an ongoing project

581
01:37:17.290 --> 01:37:19.979
through the judicial system.

582
01:37:20.120 --> 01:37:23.850
the born, the initial system

583
01:37:24.110 --> 01:37:28.079
that is done quickly in several matters of local raising

584
01:37:28.190 --> 01:37:34.700
and investigation and evidence gathering, and so on. To make the case when there are.

585
01:37:34.720 --> 01:37:42.420
as in open. I were, for example, clear of evidence of major issues to do with whatever environmental degradation

586
01:37:42.490 --> 01:37:45.230
forestry.

587
01:37:47.640 --> 01:37:49.929
Yeah, can I have you?

588
01:37:50.360 --> 01:38:11.939
So basically, research is not just for the sake of research and remain in Academia, how it can go to the affected people and the various decision makers in the Parliament or in assembly, and various teams as well. So for that, we need to advocate the people's issues and amplify the voice of the voiceless

589
01:38:11.940 --> 01:38:29.749
at the various levels. Sometimes it could be policy advocacy, or maybe lobbying with the Parliamentarians and educating the Parliamentarians. So it's very important, and I am one of the examples, and we did it several times. The meetings, I the engaging media.

590
01:38:29.760 --> 01:38:36.779
because Media now has taken A with a different stand, and Media has been governed by the capitalist.

591
01:38:36.809 --> 01:38:48.229
And that's not taking the cent of the poor people at the grassroots level. Therefore, how do they come up with the alternative media as an alternative writings and voice the the people in their different, that

592
01:38:48.680 --> 01:39:15.270
in addition to that, we have involved our students also by collecting the data at the crosswords level. So the joint research, or maybe collaborative research or the Commission Research research in networking with the Ngos. Like, I was talking about the various like mandate institutions and individuals that can come together and develop a research report. Like, for example, I have developed research report on the

593
01:39:15.299 --> 01:39:17.810
for participatory irrigation management.

594
01:39:18.020 --> 01:39:46.419
Okay, across the globe. Okay, what what happens in India. What happens in Murray, darling, based in in in Australia, or maybe in some other basis? And what are the primary things? And it can go back to the policy makers and things. I think it's very interesting. And we have been doing. And I think there are a lot of efforts needs to be taken and and reach out to the larger sections, otherwise it will domain and social action be such primary. I think that's really helpful.

595
01:39:46.420 --> 01:39:56.109
in order to see the attention of the various stakeholders in this or in it could be like. There was a dialogue with the donor agencies, also

596
01:39:56.389 --> 01:40:17.700
with multilateral reason. Season bilateral funding is in season projects also. Yes, there has to be a dialogue. I don't think like Bolton, for example. Or maybe yes, we had a lot of dialogue with the Ndp United Nations Development programs and things on the climate Change plan, which is to send environment just these and things like that. And we have to set up certain bottom lines. That okay, what is non negotiable.

597
01:40:17.959 --> 01:40:45.099
And where can we have some kind of maybe the kind of with the negotiations on certain levels, not only on the funding and project basis, but at the people's point of view from the people's perspectives, and that we have been doing in Indian context. And there are a lot of achievements also like, See the flagship programs in the last 10 years or before that. Also maximum policies and programs that has been advocated by the social movements. Take a example of right to information.

598
01:40:45.100 --> 01:41:04.459
Now, we have right to information. India right to food, right to healthcare systems or food, or maybe the rights of the natural resources, control and access it. Justice to the indigenous people. If there are a number of, I think initiatives are there, and it can be done. But thank you very much for asking this question. Yeah, thank you. Thank you?

599
01:41:04.549 --> 01:41:05.309
Yeah.

600
01:41:05.910 --> 01:41:09.360
yeah, maybe one last question. Or

601
01:41:09.410 --> 01:41:13.810
I think we have roughly 4 min. So yeah.

602
01:41:16.879 --> 01:41:20.949
innovation, what is doing the mission? Yeah, yeah, of course.

603
01:41:21.000 --> 01:41:48.670
Thank you myself to sushi probably be, in fact and I still would like to just have an information, not proper question, as as I would like to know your. You know my ideas on that. Presently we are practicing in India. In in context, I am saying that you know that and from last few decade, few years. So we can read this and globally also. Probably it is true that though you know funding on the fundamental research

604
01:41:48.740 --> 01:42:09.249
definitely social sciences, resource is declarable. But besides solar science research, there, there is a very, very less implasses even on the pandemic of science, science, research, and we are focusing in India that not necessarily just in University, which are the base of the fundamental research in size, but also the research institutes.

605
01:42:09.280 --> 01:42:26.600
you know. So and the whole focus of research has sifted in the present regime from the last few years towards something a rational and something illogical, unscientific mode of thinking. So in that context. Where do you place the locus of university?

606
01:42:26.610 --> 01:42:41.179
You know, in promoting, because we are in the foundational theoretical resource is also based on some long term definitely, not necessarily that immediately we can get the useful. The it's you know it's a

607
01:42:41.190 --> 01:43:03.719
use fullness. But in the long term this be required. And the kind of problem of issues we are facing in India. So we need more focus on the fundamental scientific cohes. And there is a complete sift in that focus on research. So how do you see that before action oriented resource, we need to do fundamental research and that focus has S,

608
01:43:03.820 --> 01:43:06.509
so how do you see the government initiatives? And

609
01:43:06.630 --> 01:43:22.700
I don't know. Like from where you are placed in India I could not listen. The host. I'll come to attend from the beginning. So I don't know if it's start my message. Yeah. So it is definitely known for this kind of initiative. But how do you see the present government initiatives

610
01:43:22.770 --> 01:43:26.509
right in terms of the fundamental resource which I'm trying to understand.

611
01:43:26.580 --> 01:43:30.910
like how it is. You know how you are able to see that if you

612
01:43:34.590 --> 01:43:35.320
okay.

613
01:43:44.790 --> 01:43:45.510
now.

614
01:43:45.700 --> 01:44:01.790
yeah, very well, that is articulated and and around reality and what we can voice and whatnot in the current context, you know. And if you voice maybe, which is stated sometimes, and

615
01:44:01.820 --> 01:44:16.059
state or anti, national, or maybe anti-government. Okay? So most of the times, okay, we are in that regime. Right? And if we question to the existing government, then you have been targeted

616
01:44:16.380 --> 01:44:35.889
you are in, though you are an academic. Do either one in activist or any other stream, but you will be targeted. So this is the situation in that kind of to be the scenario. How do you go for the fundamental, or maybe the very basic research and demand for that certain thing. That's a big question.

617
01:44:35.910 --> 01:44:57.190
And for that matter, unless and until you are taking the sites of the Government. You are not going to get any kind of maybe the funding that's the reality. Whether it is University Grants Commission. Whether it is institutional kind of maybe the Commons, or you cannot expect any. The kind of maybe the executive programs and executive projects and commission projects. Also.

618
01:44:57.190 --> 01:45:10.829
if it is going to be in the interest of the Government definitely, you will get some kind of maybe the support and and financial assistance from the government agencies and ministries as well. But apart from that, we cannot expect at this juncture.

619
01:45:10.860 --> 01:45:27.960
and that's very difficult also. Yes, there are a lot of initiatives. But we do research in government and along with the government and in networking. Also, we have very good collaborations with the various. Maybe the ministries programs, including natural resources, and other hand them or or other kinds of meetings also.

620
01:45:28.000 --> 01:45:37.059
But we have our also own limitations. We conducted a study and revealed the truth. What happens with the children's, the Bihar state?

621
01:45:37.190 --> 01:45:39.260
Definitely, we were targeted.

622
01:45:39.340 --> 01:45:46.370
Okay, we have conducted the research on the resources. Okay, and where the government has failed. And then immediately we were targeted.

623
01:45:46.580 --> 01:46:07.650
Okay, like, those kinds of things are also happening. So there is no democratic space in our okay for the academic for, say, or the radical democratic spaces for the research and things like that. I think that's a really challenge, not only in India, but I think there are some of the countries yesterday is also. We were looking for sorry Han of his speech. If you remember

624
01:46:07.650 --> 01:46:23.270
the the red flags or the fastest forces and things like that. So I think that's quite evident. So therefore we have to be very, very strategic and non negotiable at certain times, and we will how to be very, very sometimes biased. Also, we cannot just say that

625
01:46:23.270 --> 01:46:34.350
colorless order. Less, we have to take sides. We have to be biased with the people, people's voices and the marginalizer. And so for what you call maybe the the people at the down problem.

626
01:46:34.410 --> 01:46:40.449
Maybe you have the societies and things like that, like a country like where people are facing 2. So $2 a day.

627
01:46:40.720 --> 01:47:08.289
or maybe they are not. Even that income may be 3 or $4 a day, and what we see in the other. That's what I was also observing. So like that kind of disparities are there inequalities are there? So, therefore I think we have to create some spaces and have a good lobbying also with the ministry's programs, then only it could be possible. But I don't have any direct answers to your questions, but it is very nice that for the thought poking in future also. So thank you very much.

628
01:47:09.100 --> 01:47:21.079
So yeah, I think we're on time, so I'll keep it short. Thank you very much for coming today. Thank you. For to you guys, the audience, the speakers, and our it support as well. So thank you very much.

629
01:47:23.640 --> 01:47:24.000
Thank you.