WEBVTT

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Hi.

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Okay, it is time for us to start so I guess we should even though there are few of us here at this time.

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So just Let's see.

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I can't find the A acknowledgment of country thing now. Oh, I see it. Here we go.

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Yes, okay, so, yeah, We acknowledge that we are indeed here on cooling nation.

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Land and so for this session here we have 6 speakers so I think we can give everyone 15 min and for the 2 in-person speakers.

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I will let you know when you have 2 min left. I'll.

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Wave my arms or raise my hand or give you a 2

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Indication and so then Try to wrap it up after when I give you the 2 min mark. Signal and we'll wait till the end and with any time we have at the end then we'll do all our question and answer.

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So to start here we have our first speaker. From God the Almighty to remember mom's words negotiating language during Kovat.

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19 pandemic for speak of it. Let's see.

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On this.

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Your presentation is loading. Okay. So Raphaela? You need to come up here to speak.

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Oh, do I have to actually read the whole thing every time? Everyone, I think.

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I think it's okay.

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10 min? Oh, 15. I'll give you a signal at 2 min. Okay.

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Okay, good morning everyone. I'm Rafaela. From Unstas Indonesia and I will be presenting on from God the Almighty to remember Mom's worth.

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I think my voice is clear enough. Negotiating language during COVID-19 a pandemic and first of all I would like to thank everyone who has given me the opportunity to share my findings.

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And in this presentation, I will observe the shift in language. Chosen by the government of Indonesia in framing the pandemic of it.

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19 and by tracing the shift in the language My presentation will look at the negotiation process.

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Among the high officials of the government itself. During the earlier stage of the pandemic and the shift of the language chosen by the government continued along the pandemic days.

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And then reflecting on the government statements, the people then construct a space. To have negotiation on language of the pandemic with the government and among themselves.

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And my presentation is based on secondary data from various resources ranging from narrations to visual data.

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Okay. Okay. I look at the language used by the government during the C. 19 in Indonesia in 3 phases for the early stage.

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Which is early phase 0 and then early phase one and early phase 2 and then early phase 3. Early face 0.

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This is February the second, 2,020 when the government of Indonesia successfully evacuated 243 Indonesian living in the city of Wuhan and flown them back to Indonesia.

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This is the first time that a Indonesian government sent a plane and flown back many Indonesians.

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In this early phase 0, the direct action of the government showed the sense of emergency. An acknowledgment of severity of the situation.

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And at this phase, the language used by the government is your country protects you.

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Then the early phase one.

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Just now it's a face 0. This refers to the first 2 weeks in the month of February year 2020 and in this early phase one the denominator of health He was, changed then.

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Had the arena centralized to himself as the figure who gave statements. He often gave statements referring to God the Almighty as the figure who protects Indonesia.

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And these were some of his statements. Indonesians are immune of virus, all is due to our prayer to God.

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Or the strength of our prayer beat the fires or other countries can protest just let it be it is our country's right that we rely on God the Almighty.

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Then the following is what I said as early phase 2. This refers to the month of February until the first week of March, 2,020 and during this phase.

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Government top officials give various statements And during this one month there were contesting statements among these top officials. Using one arena.

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The Co. 19. And also I will show you the early face tree and during this this phase we have one arena centered at the head of the state the president.

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Let us look at the video here. I hope I can.

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It doesn't work.

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The Oh

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Always have trouble. Too bad because The video is very interesting, I think. But I'll try to back space.

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No. Does it work? This would work too.

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No. Too bad the the video tells a lot about the contesting statement. But I will just go on.

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To summarize the face one and phase 2. During the early phase, One and this is some of the statements.

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Oh, sorry. Why is it? Thank you.

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I think I make a mistake. So, a bit. Let's see. Resume presentation.

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So sorry. I have to wait for it to load again.

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Can I? Oh, I'll try.

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Yes, it works.

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They do. So super good again.

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Oh

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Now to summarize these faces we can see that during the early phase 0 We see one arena for one institution, namely the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the language used was, your country protects you.

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During the early phase one, we see the arena for one top official, namely the Minister of Health, the language used often referred to God the Almighty who protects Indonesia.

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During the early phase 2. We see again one are enough but for several high ranks of officials ranging from official directly connected to health affairs or health related emergency affairs to high officials who are not in the domain of public health affairs and the language used in this face.

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Varied from statements directly connected to the attempt to convey information from WHO concerning the Coffin. 19.

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To jokes on the virus. The jobs were intended to downplay the severity of the situation and might be attempts to calm the public and to calm themselves.

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And in the early stage 3, starting from 15 March, 2,020, we had one arena concentrated to one figure, the president, and this is the date when the government started to admit the severity of the situation and convey the severity to the people.

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This was triggered by one minister. Who was and still is one of the trustees of the president tested positive for Covid-nineteen and the words used by the President.

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Coffers, a pill to stay home, preparation for healthcare facilities and testing kit. Instruction of budget reallocation and ensuring that the government works hard and following this on March, the fiftieth 1, 2,020.

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The president announced the state of emergency. Yet the words used to convey the meaning of state of emergency was a complex words.

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And abbreviated in a more complex world. The state of emergency was translated by the government into A appreciation in in language was PSBB stands for large-scale social restrictions.

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It's a complex word. This large-scale social restriction basically pointed to restrictions on the activities of certain resident in an area suspected of being infected with Covid-nineteen to prevent the possible spread of the virus.

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And as of a certain April, then cities adopted this emergency state.

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During this large scale social restriction, the local government provinces or cities could decide to implement or not to implement the restriction.

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And the local government could decide. The following terminated face-to-face teaching, limited number of passengers listed use of Oh, okay.

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And response to the people resonance the playing down of sinfulness by the government. The PSBB, the abbreviation.

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Was turning into a joke. And. it was nothing that the response from the there are also respond from health workers.

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You have worker? Is responding in an angry word with hashtag Indonesia we don't care This is the hashtag that we can take from, we can take from the Twitter.

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And this is the, word cloud.

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And, then the government changed the policy. For the task force to respond Covid-nineteen and it become committee for Covid-nineteen response.

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National economic recovery and we can see that the task force is at the bottom. The task for for coffee is at the bottom.

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But in October, the twentieth. 20. The task force decide to use slogan, remember mom's word.

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This is a why moms, why mother? This is said that because the head of the task force is a native of West Sumatra province.

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This is a province with matrilineal ethnic group where the figure of mother is the most important in the family.

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He

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Oh, just a Second of these. Okay then. Oh, okay. Maybe we can discuss later on.

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Thank you.

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So now escape. And to. The next is the pre-recorded one.

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Impact of any display and so escape Hi. Memories for me with this bid. Oh

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See He turned to session display. Just click on Kim Murder. Okay, next we have a pre-recorded talk.

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Here.

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By Kimuto Miyako. And this should.

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Go!

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Okay, we were told that this should automatically run, right? It's pre recorded.

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It seems to be just slides.

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Boys who work along with this lines. Okay, how do we get that going?

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We also have such a presentation.

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Oh, okay. Okay, there we go. Got it. Hopefully this.

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Oh yeah. Thank you.

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Just try try try it again.

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He person who impressed behavior of matters with young children during the Copy to 90 pandemic in Japan.

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Okay. Let's try to back up.

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He person, who impressed behavior of mothers with young children during the copy to 90 pandemic in Japan.

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We women, especially those living with the younger children, have been considered as high-risk population for the Covid.

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19. The previous study rebuilt that changes in circumstances due to the copy to 90 pandemic were related to the development of the DEMBERCITE BANDI and anxiety symptoms among mothers of young children.

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In addition, others was sometimes affected. Madd's Metal Hills during the Copy to 90 Band make.

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Moreover, preventive behaviors are crucial for one's own family's health and society during the pandemic.

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But there both post debris and another debris influenced by various actors such as social media and others.

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This study explored the key person who impressed the behavior of mothers with young children during a pandemic in Japan.

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Mythod. Participants. The base right, SABBY, was conducted from 6 to 17 February, 2020.

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And Asible participants were women aged 20 and 2249 years and had at least one young child.

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0 to 6 years. I told her it over 4,700 responses from all 47 prefixes in Japan were corrected.

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The pull up survey was conducted from 16 to 30 June 2020. In total 2,489 participants also completed the por-up subway their responses rate was 53% In this study, these 2,489 individuals were used as a section of data.

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Measurement. So share demographic variables included mothers age, a new household incoming year. Educational background and parliamentary stages marginal status number of children and child's age.

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Persons who influence the behavior of Mothers with the young children during the pandemic. Participants were asked about 10.

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Types of informational. Which included 9 types related to family and the occupational status and one related to social media.

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They were asked how much did their words influence your behavior? Responses were grated only for the 4 point record to scale one to 4 and divided into 2 groups, In or not impressed.

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So super information about the copy 19 and the time spent per day. Participants were asked from which medium or person did you receive information about the kovat 19 and how much time per day They were asked to select one over the boring 6 options while each of the 10 sources.

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I did not receive information. Rather than 30 min. It's 30 min to rest in 1 h.

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One. To 2 h. 3 to 4 h. And more than 5 h.

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An escalary board of Saint Marianne University approved this study. At the beginning we are with the online subway the participants provided in formal concert

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Result. When you want presents. Persons who influenced behavior of models with young children during a COVID.

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19 pandemic.

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More than half of the participants were influenced by the Warsaw High Spans. TV commentators who were medical experts.

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And parents other family members. And the teachers of a child care centers, Caina Gardens.

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And it was or TV commentators who were medical experts had more influence on mother's behavior. Them the worst of their family positions.

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Heroku provide us. We here 2 shows. Successful information about the COVID-19 and the time spent per day.

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Most time a band was 30 min with TV news, internet news, And the interaction with family and friends being the most common information sources.

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On the other hand, 60. Respondents did not use SNS as possible information.

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Discussion. Aspens were the key persons who had the greatest influence on participant behavior. Possibly because they were the most likely to share their activities.

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During a COVID-19 the husbands walked from home and had a few opportunities. To go out drinking. These factors may have resulted in changes to the participants daily routines or ships in the border or with their housework and child rearing.

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The parents over the participants and their husbands were also considered to be the key persons. During the copied night a pandemic.

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Everyary parents sometimes expressed they appear so good infection and some parent participants do not go to see their parents.

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The teachers over the charter centres came to gardens probably identically addressed to preventable behaviors. Oh, such as hand washing DC infections and social distancing and so on.

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With the participants which naturally had their signature counting park down there. One day on the other hand, there was a baby commentators who were medical experts had more influence on mother's behavior than the words of their family positioned her skipper bodies.

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Robin. This could be due to the fact that TV news was most frequently used to sourceable information on the pandemic.

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And the TB commentators may have a being selected for their extensive knowledge about the subject.

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Pudamore in the Bose-einstein Bay, the same about these pants were asked.

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Who do you call sort of when you have a problem with childcare? And only 9.5% of them are what physicians.

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This suggests that creatures physicians may not have been the primary target for casual consultation and inquiries regarding preventable behavior staring at the pandemic.

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As for the SNS it had the smallest impact on participants behavior and only a free participants activeary salty information related to the copy to 19 from the SNS.

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In conclusion, during the pandemic the key persons who influence the behavior of matters with their own children or husbands.

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TV commentators who are medical experts, family members, and the teachers of children. TP commentators were more influential than family physicians or mothers behavior and in Pocket on a S was minimum.

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In the preacher studies. It would be variable to explore that relationship between mother's trust in their family positions as skin providers and their behavior.

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Thank you so much.

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Okay. Stop share. And our next 2.

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Speakers are supposed to be remote presenters but we don't seem to have have. Anyone here?

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Participating remotely. We always do. Let's see here. Let's.

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Oh, yes, here we go. Yes. So, just a minute.

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So this is supposed to be a stop share so

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Escape.

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Okay. Let's get rid of this thing at the top.

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Hide floating meeting controls

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Okay. Would you return to session display? Okay, so our next presenter Vasilkova, linguistic and communicative strategies of kovid trolling in the Russian social Network.

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Go and take care. Let's see.

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You oh no no for remote for for remote presenters they load their own slides. Click on it.

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No, we don't want the presentation to load, so. It's happening.

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No. We need to go back to Zoom.

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So to bring in a look. Escape to free

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Okay So participants.

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Checkbox.

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A chat whoops Shut.

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Okay. It's more the discussion afterwards.

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Okay. So,

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Stop share Okay.

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We don't have, do we have our next participant, our next, our next speaker?

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Hello? Can you hear me? And there's this down. Hello, good morning.

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Hello? Okay, yes, you are the fourth speaker, correct?

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Yeah.

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Okay, so maybe, if we don't have our third speaker here yet, and it appears that we do not.

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Okay.

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Then you should go ahead and give yours now so you can Share your screen.

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Okay.

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Just a second.

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Can you see my slides?

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Yeah, or well not yet. Okay, yes, now we do

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Okay, thank you.

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Okay. Thank you. So my name is Nathan.

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I'm from Bulgaria and I'm really happy that I can share my work with you.

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And that I can listen to the presentations of other colleagues from all over the world. So I'm going to talk about the disco sub-dimensions with media representation of from my identity and the ghetto in the context of COVID.

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19. The COVID-19 pandemic affected predominantly socially vulnerable groups in which the Roma remained more seriously represented than other communities.

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Popular media this course, the substantial role in stigmatizing the Roma and room of populated neighborhoods as the prime source of COVID and infection in Bulgaria in such ways that they legitimize First phone system.

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The main research problem concerns the discursive representation of wrong identity and the ghetto in the popular Bulgarian prince media in the context of the pandemic.

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Namely the intersection of ethnic class identity and spatial segregation. The analysis focuses on discussive categories, articulating specific collective social relationships and room with themselves as constituted by the effects of power.

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During the very first days of the pandemic, Roma, in Minaroma populated neighborhoods, were restricted movement by introducing checkpoints, limiting their access to work, subsistence and social services.

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In their recent book, Romani Communities and Transformative Change, a new social Europe, the authors explicitly formulate the problem with similar racist treatment of the Roma over Europe in the following way.

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The pandemic highlights the corrosive nature and breach of antichpsyism in Europe as well as how the state and a broad spectrum of political actors can orchestrate anti-Romani sentiments.

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What makes anti gypsy is in a special form of racism in Europe today is the involvement of the state in the production and co-production of these discriminatory norms, knowledge and politics in relation to Romani communities.

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So my study focuses on the online editions of, to popular newspapers in Bulgaria, mainly 24 h and telegraph for the period between March, 2,020 and May 2022.

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With the highest and leadership figures in recent years. Look, what new small structure is this course analysis is applied in order to deconstruct how these courses identity and the social space respectively are organized discursively.

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The constitution of rural identity in the context of the pandemic is analyzed as a web of interconnected nodal points.

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So just key signifiers. In the organization of this course, chase of equivalences, mainly individual, media representations and concepts for conflict analysis such as floating signifiers, antagonism and for Germany.

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The aim is to deconstruct the constant struggle over meaning of different discourses and their attempt to fix a particular view for of a danger tape.

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To point out what has been excluded from the field of discussivity and what effects have been produced by this course such as naturalization and justification.

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The contextualization. Of existing prejudices and stereotypes during the pandemic is explored by analyzing processes of racialization, applying for an emphasis categorization of the features of modern racism such as discuss combined with this area deficiency TBMs in danger and they apply to traditional and contemporary The concept of articulation is

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accepted. In the analysis, first in the words, look one move as a relation among elements such as their identity is modified as a result of the articulatory And, still hold, Stuart Hose, definition.

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As unity difference focusing on the conditions that can provide a link between the articulated discourse and the social forces with which it can and certain historical conditions be connected.

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Therefore politically, articulation is related to power structure and structures of domination and subordination while epistemologically to a play of correspondence is not correspondences and contradictions.

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Elements that constitute unities. It is argued that through processes of personalization. The room has been constituted as a responsible, violent and dehumanized ultimate other.

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Articulated as a threat to social security in the health of the body politic bipolar media discourse.

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The effect has been to justify state disciplinary policies for secularization regimes in the end to conceal social inequality and the legitimacy for material distribution.

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Overall, the drummer has been cast in the role of a surrogate victim, an example set for the majority to respect social order.

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While the appropriated measures in Roma Gato's function as a stabilizing technique beginning to induce a sense of order and control in society.

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The situation of the Roma during COVID-19 is related to the exercise of a micro power.

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Rendering the status to that of the living Ted or their life, making them expendable and less valuable.

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Close to death while their value of life is left in hands of the state. Securitization theory can be added as related to the constitution of an existential threat.

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So as a state of emergency may follow as a response on the part of state officials applying any measures to prevent the threat.

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Ratialization is the seen as in here into racial capitalism. Producing a new kind of racism in post communist countries targeting predominant aroma.

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It refers to the overall constitution of the image of the Roma and explicit racial terms, not as ethnic but as racial ultimate other associated with jerky skin color and as racial ultimate powder associated with jerky skin color and particular inferior to his inferiorized behavior towards school, and particular inferior to inferiorized behavior towards school, labor or social

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benefits. The term, is treated as an analytical construct for discussing the spatialization and racial construct for discussing the spatialization and racialization of social exclusion and racialization of social exclusion, intersecting forms of economic deprivation of social exclusion, intersecting forms of economic deprivation, racial

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stigmatization of social exclusion are intersecting forms of economic deprivation, racial stigmatization and facial isolation.

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It is related to processes. Of racializing poverty and outcasting and wanted elements constituted as an intersectional form of sociospatial exclusion or as a social class and ethnic identity based form formation or in the West of Stuart Hall.

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Races the mortality in which class is lived and precise in their interconnectedness and I'm now going to proceed with.

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Media analysis and the nodal points. So first I'm discussing poverty as another point. which, actually is articulated as life choice and also is related to the, stereotype of the undeserving poor.

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Poverty if a explicitly needed this course is articulated by the junction with Rome ethnicity as a mere life choice and a cultural preference to articulate in structural explanations.

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It is being constituted for a culture of poverty prison, naming the culture of the group as a specific ghetto culture focusing on their behavior.

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Lack of moral commitment to mainstream values, personal initiative and entrepreneurial spirit, which are key signifies in neoliberal discourse.

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Traditional discuss if techniques involve blaming the victim or victim perpetrator reversal, constituting Roma as responsible for their own condition and drawing boundaries between ethnic and other forms of poverty, treating the minority further as privileged and undeserving poor.

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A good illustration is an article in title analysis What To Do with the Inactive to the Labor Mark in the labor market discussing a new OECD report from Bulgaria dealing with the post Covid-nineteen maybe market repercussions.

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It organizes it articulated meanings around different vulnerable groups, including Roma. Constituted by economic discourse as deficient in active and lacking a agency.

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Presenting a problem for economic growth and function, the functioning of the labor market. A different particle in 24 h in title.

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Zacha and then right from Middle East we work extra and rely on help from relative's approach changes the perspective.

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Although it's also used for the after effects of COVID-19 for Roma family. And their life in poverty privation.

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It breaks down traditional deficiency or deviance related stereotypes because constituting trauma in alternative frames related stereotypes because constituting stereotypes because constituting trauma in alternative frames as responsible as in-internative frames as responsible in the alternative frames as responsible as industrious entrepreneurial and

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adaptive individuals capable of surviving in, entrepreneurial and adaptive individuals capable of surviving in difficult times with hard work and adaptive individuals capable of surviving in difficult times with hard work, love and neutral support.

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Nevertheless, positive examples are scarce and often reinforce the idea that the exception confirms the rule constitute in a unitary hole in hegemonic discourse.

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In another story playing with traditional Andrew Gypsy stereotypes and telegraph newspaper. Roma single mother seeking asylum in a homeless shelter of an Orthodox priest are demanding eviction by the village inhabitants, assuming that the shelter would turn the village into a ghetto.

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The homeless shelter residents are the human eyes and animalized create creating a feeling of disgust and shock provoked by cultural associations with which require distancing.

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Explicit racism and classism serve to create a sense of danger coming from homeless women and innocent children.

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The overall effect is to conceal existence structured inequality is provoking racial hatred and justify social exclusion.

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And now I proceed with the second nodal point, COVID-19 and how it articulates different experts related to the Roman as the prank virus carriers The articulation of poverty as live church has a direct reference to the way the junction between the Roma, the get to and COVID.

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19 as a nodal point organized new racialized feelings. Traditional moral explanations are given, interpreted as deficiencies such as lower education and culture to explain lack of willingness to follow regulations, vaccinate or show moral commitment to the health of the nation.

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During the very first days of the lockdown in March, 2020, the Roma were, set as a non-conforming not as non-conforming not following restrictions stigmatized as far as carriers as for example in an article entitled Roma Do Not Observe the Quarantine have parties returning

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from abroad and rest while queuing for social support and child benefits, which actually, combines all possible, stereotypes that, but prevalent at a time.

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Hiightened media alertness to the threat post by returning migrant workers justified constant police presence in Roman neighborhoods to control public gatherings and celebrations.

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A curve he was in post in some rural neighborhoods, ghetto walls were secure to prevent women from escaping in other in others and finally checkpoints were set up in several towns.

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2 articles report rising rights in the Chipsy ghetto in Sophia against COVID restrictions. The demands of the protesters, however, were easily delegitimized by presenting the whole band in a humorous way as a misunderstanding.

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Caused by several drunk rumor and a woman complaining of domestic violence. Such articles reconfigure pre-existing stereotypes of the Roma as carefree feasting irresponsible and non-conforming to justify lockdown measures and delelegitinize protest claims of discrimination.

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For a media accounts covered by the Bulgarian media also constitute woman survivors and violent virus carriers in racist and xenophobic manner.

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Reporting rights by quarantine trauma in an Italian town in the compare any region. When the borders were opened, numerous Bulgarian Roma entered European countries to work and cope with the effects of the pandemic considered indispensable as field workers or domestic aid.

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And such ways they help revitalize Stagnant local economies, selling their labor cheaper and doing work that no one else would do.

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That writes the web instrumentalized by politicians in the local elections serve to legitimize even stronger demands for securitization and the expulsion of the Bulgarians as they were called.

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The residential buildings of the internment described as a Bronx, they got, of this pair.

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Could the next discursive and symbolically make immigrant experiences during the pandemic to the history of privation, exploitation and social inequality of further subordinated groups such as Moroccan migrants and the Italian working class.

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That is you to notice it a 2 min please

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Okay, thank you. Nothing out of the history of post colonial racial capitalism and such historical continuities of structural exploitation nevertheless remain hidden constituting the Roman not only in traditional racist terms within this we have discussed and deficiency but collectively provoking fear and a sense of danger.

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The media moral panic created by the Bulgarian rights in the Vienna very soon received a different coloring affecting general public perception and a Bulgarian woman in trauma origins looking after elderly telescopes.

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And a Bulgarian woman in general public perception and a Bulgarian woman in trauma origins looking after elderly Talia's became a national hero, saving them from a fire that broke out in their villa at the expense of her own life.

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This provoked a nationwide campaign to make her posthumously awarded and to receive a new mural in her memory.

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And humanity and self sacrifice were praised equally by politicians, public authorities, intellectuals and ordinary people. Natalia's heroic feat served as a means of disidentification and unraveling hegemonic relations and becoming symbolic of the contribution of other blue carrots and migrant workers at their moral structure and human

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dignity destroying long established stereotypes. So I proceed with crime and giving behavior and here you can see as nodal points and how they organize extremely racist stereotypes and gypsy criminality treating aroma collectively and how nationalism in the parties and populist parties utilize such ideas in that

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political statements and here is the way I have already presented at the nodal points and how they are organized according to, what, Analyzes in the work so I'm going to finish, my article with the conclusion that Jeps a racial constant I'm sorry all 3

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nodal points poverty Covid-nineteen and crime and deviance come to organize a sense of danger cumulative 19 and crime and deviance come to organize a sense of danger cumulatively, Covid-nineteen and crime and deviance come to organize a sense of danger cumulatively.

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but in crime and deviance come to organize a sense of danger cumulatively but also interactively.

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Okay. Wow.

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The perception of the other as a collective threat to national culture. Through processes of personalization. It has gained the stages of a dominant discourse performing hegemonic functions.

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The pandemic reinforced traditional stereotypes and creates new ones such as the assumed threat to the health of the body politics providing quasi biological explanations for existing economic, cultural and demographic ones.

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They serve to demonize Romans as a sort of agro-decent atrocity combining the amplifying all pre-existing stereotypes.

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And so we, yeah, next week.

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Because level of like a approach, a browse canalizing the root causes of the Roma genocide by the nineteenth second world war the majority tended to project illness weakness and transgression on internal others such as the Roma as well as part of their fierce anxieties and many of the unwanted features they possessed turning the room

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into a scapegoat. It is worth asking then and I'm finishing. In what ways does the crisis of late modernity produce racialized otherness in the form of anti-jepicism.

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And what could be the possible consequences and such processes. If we're looking for a comfortable and secure time shelter, you use GOREI, WISE PUGGINOFFORE or existential insecurities.

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We should better find a period that won't leave the burden of moral guilt in our shoulders, failing to read the complicated web of science and constituted meanings.

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Okay. Okay.

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In turbulent times, best articulations should be in the direction towards social justice.

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Not is you that there's some problem with your audio or buffering or some technical problem here that we cannot hear you.

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I'm sorry, can you hear me now?

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Can you hear me?

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I'm sorry, can you hear me?

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I'm sorry, can you hear me now?

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Okay, we still cannot hear you. We can read your slide though. So. Is this near the end here?

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This is just my look. Yeah, yeah.

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You were wrapping up, right? Yeah. Okay, let's go on then to our fourth presenter who is with us in person.

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Let's see.

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So we need to close. Stop share here. Oh, yes, Nadajida could you stop share of your slides?

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Thank you Okay, then

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One site presenter after screen. Screen share Okay, escape.

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And then.

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Okay, so I'll invite Chandra Bali Duta here for our next talk.

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Covid-nineteen media representations and dismal health care in India, a sociological analysis.

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A very warm morning to all of you. I am Chandra Buddhist from India.

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And today I'm going to present my paper on Covid-nineteen media representations and dismal health care in India, a sociological analysis.

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1 s.

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And now in the first slide I have actually given 2 pictures. The one which is of tenth July, 2,020 and another one is off.

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July, 2,021. So here we can just. Assume how much cases were daring 2,020 from March to July and like in 2,021 As on tains July, 2,020 there was 7 lag, 93,800, and 2 cases, confirmed cases.

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Whereas in 2,021 sevenths July Only the states? Wheat eight-lack plas cases were reported here.

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So we can assume that India has witnessed so many cases of COVID during the one year.

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Now, in 2,020, soon after the country welcomed the new year, the first case of Covid-nineteen infection was detected in Kerala.

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That is in South India. But India was still trying to gather information about the disease. What Covid-nineteen is.

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Are from various sources, newspapers and all. And soon after 3 or 4 months of course our everyday activities routine activities took a back seat due to massive outbreak of Covid-nineteen pandemic all across the country, which was followed by the nationwide lockdown.

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Now Indian health and public welfare sector had to struggle a lot to cope with the new challenge of this increasing infection and death spatially among the elderly.

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Because till date we have like witnessed 44 million plus cases of Covid. And 5 like deaths.

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And 63% of those 5 light dates are ranging in the age group of 60 above. The newspaper reports presented the daily increase of increased rate of COVID cases, worldwide internationally also and targeted the elderly population as the most vulnerable group to be affected.

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Newspaper headlines addressing the elderly with core morbidity as the most likely to get infection and die instilled in the elderly population of fear of death.

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Previously the people was not so much aware of what co morbidities they were not so comfortable with these terms.

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But since COVID they have already learned about comorbidities, what does that mean, etc. Now here my methodology is this.

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I have actually used a kind of qualitative analysis. Narrative analysis is there and also some content analysis is there and here some newspaper reports on Covid-nineteen in vernaculars as well as in English newspapers.

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I have a included. So, here we can see in the left fund that hospital beds are lacking.

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There is shortage of hospital beds and oxygen. And in the right which is written in Hindi.

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There that burial grounds are full. So if someone dies, when they will be buried.

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Now, here we can see that COVID storm has shaken India, says Moody as hospitals run out of oxygen.

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This was during the second wave of COVID in 2,021. And we were like just, we did not know what to do if someone gets coveted and if he or she needs oxygen support.

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And then there was these kind of cartoons coming up in social media as well as in newspapers also like when people are saying that Due to shortage of oxygen, they can just like say that there is oxygen but they can just hand over the cylinder of chlorine or nitrogen to the hospitals.

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So these kind of things were going on. And these made the people scared and threatened that if someone has COVID now, the possibility the more possibility is that they will die.

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Now, the hospitals, they say that's very great. We are stopping admission in hospital because oxygen supply are not coming.

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And rising demands of hospital in hospitals of oxygens. And prices like these increased by 4 or 5 times to 10 times.

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Now these all these things were actually reported by the newspapers and also in the news channels these things were coming up again and again.

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So, on the basis of these things, the objectives of this presentation of this paper was that how the language of the news reports about Kovich projected the dismal scenario of health sector in India.

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What it tells in the population perceive about COVID and its associated nuances from the news reports. But was the feeling of the elderly people after getting to know about Covid-nineteen related death toll?

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And how the media representations were politicized.

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With the sample size of 20 among 12 females and 8 males of age 60 above.

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And have done purpose events Nobel sampling in Kolkata. A qualitative in depth interview has been done and while analysis I have done narratives.

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And content analysis of newspaper reports and news of different channels has been included also. And this is the demographic profile of the respondents.

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Mostly the women were 5 above 70 years. Some were 65 and above and 60 above. I'm just not reading this.

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Because this will take more time. Now the most major responses which were received was that The elderly population, the elderly people whom I interviewed, the 20 people.

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Majorly they were very frightened or scared about the disease itself. They did not have any cue of Kovat.

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19 before. And they were worried about their own survival? That what will happen if they are infected with Covid-nineteen because they have some lung problems or heart problems or diabetes.

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So these kind of things were going on in their mind. They were worried and scared about how they will fight against this.

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And they were also worried about well being of their next generation because 42% of people belonging to 31 to 50 they also died during this time.

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And they were anxious about their comorbidities and hospitalization and treatment.

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Now all the respondents expressed that during the first wave of Covid-nineteen pandemic they were dependent completely on the news that was aired in the news channels as well as on the newspaper reports.

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The language of the news was becoming more scary and demoralizing. Coming to know about the global scenario gradually, they became familiar with the countries.

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Health situation. And fear a different layers over him. Fear of tate, fear of losing near and dear ones, fear of dealing with pre-existing elements, fear of job loss of next generation members, fear of losing contact with neighbors after having Covid.

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These all things left a huge impact on the elderly people.

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Now, more worsening situation will arise when the newspaper headlines address the elderly population with comorbidity as the most likely to get the infection.

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And in addition to that, there was the highlighting of the newspapers that unavailability of hospital space.

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A lack of proper treatments and medications and the inability to provide personal care. Because many of the respondents say that when they were in hospitals and during the first wave particularly.

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The health professionals they used to come with PPE kit. So they did not know who he or she is, who is coming to them and who are giving what to them, whether the medicines will work or not.

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So everything was, they were like traumatized and they were also, their family members were in isolation in quarantine.

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Actually, left a deep impact on them. Now,

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They were feeling lonely, ostracized. And here I have actually, given some narratives along with the newspaper reports.

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When the second wave heats the country, more hospitalization and more demand of oxygen left us numb.

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We really did not know how to cope with the situation if I fall ill or any of my family members, then can we survive?

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I have stopped bringing in newspapers. Ilag Gosh, she was a 62 years retired teacher.

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She said that I just told my husband not to bring newspapers. Because it was so scary and whenever we wake up in morning and we see the newspapers only deaths and deaths and there is no oxygen there is no hospital bed so we got scared we were threatened that door obviously we are not going to see the world anymore we are going to die so

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that's why We have just stopped bringing in newspapers. Now these kind of pictures also left a deep impact.

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That if you do not get a bed in the hospitals then only during like in a van they are providing oxygens.

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With my if it is possible. Now another person he said that he was a 77 year old.

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Person and he said I have asthma luckily I did not have covid but if I had it I do not know what would have been the situation.

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If I did not get oxygen whenever I saw news reports about shortage of oxygen, I was scared and prayed again and again that God please don't give this this to me.

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Now, these situations were there because in India we know that during among the Hindus, We actually, we did not, we burned the dead bodies. Okay.

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So the, and this is called the banning cards or the Shoshans in Bengali.

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So these were full. And there were no place to just cremate a dead body and people were not allowed to go with their nearest one state body.

347
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So the hospitals they took away or the municipalities they took away the date bodies and they did whatever they did and so people were absolutely clueless that whether they're nearest person state body is being cremated in the right way or not.

348
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So all these things actually they went through a pathetic and tragic time.

349
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Then this situation, Covid-nineteen second wave India gasps for oxygen.

350
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Here a 73 year old lady she said we all had COVID during the first wave, myself, my husband, daughter, son-in-law, everyone.

351
01:05:39.000 --> 01:05:40.000
I was very scared when I used to see the news on TV or news reports. They were often scary.

352
01:05:40.000 --> 01:05:58.000
Talking I'm only about death. My husband was in hospital for 17 days. He needed oxygen support for another one month if it was in the second wave that could have happened and when I was intervening these lady, she literally cried.

353
01:05:58.000 --> 01:06:05.000
She said that it's by God's grace we have survived but there are lots others who couldn't do this.

354
01:06:05.000 --> 01:06:09.000
Who couldn't survive during this time?

355
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Now, The situation was there, it actually prevailed all over the world. But the kind of situation the Do I have time?

356
01:06:18.000 --> 01:06:43.000
Okay. Okay, thank you. And so, these people actually say that When they see the newspapers or television is for them a medium of recreation, but when they switch on the television channels everywhere these news are coming up and these actually left a deep impact on them.

357
01:06:43.000 --> 01:06:56.000
And here we can just refer to George Gardner who claimed that television and other forms of mass media create a world field that is reflective of recurrent media messages rather than one that is based on reality.

358
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And there was like politicians and health officials doctors they were coming on the news channels they were having the debts and all and they used to say that don't go out of foam always use masks and just Don't make up with people and all these things.

359
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But when the when we are talking about the lower straight off to people when 7 or 8 people are living in the same room.

360
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The whole day 24 into 7 living in the same room 7 or 8 for 8 and 7 8 people it was quite impossible so they had to go out but then there they had in mind that if we go out and if we get covid then we cannot just get back into their house because there are other people who will be contaminated

361
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with the disease. But of course under digital media, the social networking sites, all these trade kinds of rumors because who said that India's the statistics which is India showing that these mud state and this much.

362
01:08:02.000 --> 01:08:14.000
Population affected by COVID. This might be a kind of exaggeration that was in 2,021 let a November December there was a report of who stating this.

363
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But of course, media platforms they use to focus on these things. But we know everything just everything comes but the storms do not stay forever.

364
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There was ray of hope and still we are alive. So there were people who were very positive. They were actors, singers.

365
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We lost a lot of people. But some others, they came forward. They said that no we have to be positive and we have to give hope to others also.

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So these kind of things actually made our journey more smooth and we all could survive. So at the end I would like to say that there is always light if only we are brave enough to see it if only we are brave enough to beat.

367
01:08:58.000 --> 01:09:05.000
Thank you for your patient hearing. Thanks.

368
01:09:05.000 --> 01:09:11.000
Okay. Okay, thank you.

369
01:09:11.000 --> 01:09:23.000
Okay, so we have one final. Talk here that is remote if. Vasilakova is not with us.

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So let's see, return.

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Zoom.

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01:09:35.000 --> 01:09:45.000
Let me choose. Know it's remote so we need to return to the zoom No, I think you just No, no, it's remote, so we don't do that.

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01:09:45.000 --> 01:09:55.000
We do that if it's in person. So return to Zoom.

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01:09:55.000 --> 01:10:10.000
Let's see.

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Of this stage. Scape right. Oh yes, yes, escape. So let's see, participants.

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For, oh we have, we haven't stopped share. Okay. Meeting controls, stop share.

377
01:10:28.000 --> 01:10:37.000
Yes, okay. Oh, here we go. Okay. So.

378
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Thank you, KKO. Yes.

379
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Hi, good morning. Can you hear me okay?

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01:10:43.000 --> 01:10:44.000
Yes, yes.

381
01:10:44.000 --> 01:10:55.000
Okay, great. Thank you so much for having me. My name is Kika Nishimera and I'll be presenting all language and representation of health science and credibility in COVID pandemic and is an analysis of COVID.

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19. And this is a part of the collaborative research project called a Covid-nineteen a society a part of the collaborative research project called a COVID.

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19 a society, a collaboration between Wasida University and Stanford University, funded by H. Dutch Global Foundation.

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So, Japan is a home to a vibrant manga industry. In culture with a stable educational science manga genre.

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And since the beginning of the pandemic, many professional and amateur manga artists in Japan have created diverse Covid-nineteen manga in adjacent art.

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With the field of graphic medicine and the efficacy of visual narratives and improving health literacy during COVID.

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19 is acknowledged. It sheds light mostly on the communication from the experts. So to better understand the pandemic discourses, it is crucial to consider the lay public's understanding and expertise.

388
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Munga is a popular medium for the public to express their interpretation and experiences. There's a rich venue for understanding all lay public knowledge of COVID.

389
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19 related health and science.

390
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So here are just some sample examples of how much manga are there. But for this research, how much manga are there.

391
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But for this research, how much manga are there. But, for this research, I've selected, as a preliminary research, I selected 2 political manga essays that critique the authorities responses to health and science.

392
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And both of these are so one is from the conservative spectrum and another one is from a liberal spectrum. Both of these are first book on their respective series and kovat in comic essays.

393
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So from the conservative spectrum it is. Or arrogance manifesto, special, COVID edition.

394
01:12:33.000 --> 01:12:39.000
So it is, Gumani's in or arrogance manifesto, special, COVID edition.

395
01:12:39.000 --> 01:12:48.000
So it is, so he has a series of this, manga essays, but this focuses on COVID and for the liberal spectrum I've selected Boko Natsko's a COVID pandemic that does not end in 100 days.

396
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So here are the research questions. First, how do Manga Arthur's visually and linguistically represent health and science.

397
01:12:55.000 --> 01:13:02.000
Who are the authors and the leadership how are concerns about infection and prevention in their daily life connected to health and science.

398
01:13:02.000 --> 01:13:09.000
And second, what and who are considered to be credible and how, how and then what evidence are they drawing from.

399
01:13:09.000 --> 01:13:24.000
So first off, who are these people? So, Kobe is very a famous, independent conservative nationalist among artists and publishing satire manga on controversial and nationalist among artists and publishing satire manga on controversial and taboo topics that have, publishing satire manga on controversial

400
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and publishing satire manga on controversial and taboo topics, that have, cost a lot of, debates and satire manga on controversial and taboo topics, that have, cost a lot of, debates, and among the intellectuals, the public figures, the critics, and he's been active since the

401
01:13:34.000 --> 01:13:51.000
nineties and he mostly publishes on a weekly magazines and one a scholar argues kind of described his manga is coat marked by withering sarcasm and blustering anger at what is perceived as Japanese capitalation to the West, mostly United States and China on matters of foreign policy and the treatment of recent East Asian history.

402
01:13:51.000 --> 01:13:58.000
So he's a little bit of revisionist, but, very much, in the conservative spectrum.

403
01:13:58.000 --> 01:14:02.000
But, on the other hand, she's not a professional among the artist. She's a part-time Monga artist.

404
01:14:02.000 --> 01:14:04.000
She's a part-time monk artist and she's been active since 2,009.

405
01:14:04.000 --> 01:14:13.000
She's an office worker and she's been active since 2,009. She's an office worker creating political satire manga critiquing critiquing the government and publishing them online.

406
01:14:13.000 --> 01:14:21.000
She describes her political manga in the interview. She said that sort of like an ordinary person watching television and complaining about the news.

407
01:14:21.000 --> 01:14:32.000
And since December, 2,020 she has been publishing her manga on Twitter daily, almost daily, and her post often receive a few 1,000 likes and retweets.

408
01:14:32.000 --> 01:14:41.000
So here are the methods and data. So, as a preliminary analysis, I've done coding of tuple at these political monk is using mass QDA.

409
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The coding system is based on the literature and inductive analysis. Codes are, including one not limited to, experts, science, facts, different COVID actors, virtual devices and etc.

410
01:14:53.000 --> 01:15:06.000
For this analysis, I'll be focusing more mostly on experts science and facts. So here are the, sort of a basic, data on the materials.

411
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Andreas of Comics. His book also includes essays, but I am not including the essay in the analysis mostly focusing on manga.

412
01:15:17.000 --> 01:15:25.000
These are about half of them are published on Weekly Spa Magazine, which is a tabloid magazine and each installment has 8 pages.

413
01:15:25.000 --> 01:15:34.000
And, there are 395 total coded segments with overlaps and 56 for experts, a 4, sorry, 46 for experts, 59 for science and 61 for facts.

414
01:15:34.000 --> 01:15:45.000
Boko Nutsk's book has 203 pages of comics in of 56 are in color.

415
01:15:45.000 --> 01:15:52.000
And all of these are published on Twitter except the introduction and the added conclusion. In the manga.

416
01:15:52.000 --> 01:16:07.000
And most posts are about one to 3 pages per installment per day and there are 288 total coded segments, 29 for experts, 37 for science and 5 for facts.

417
01:16:07.000 --> 01:16:14.000
The reason why, Bogo and Nazca's, book has fewer tag, fewer codes is, due to the layout differences.

418
01:16:14.000 --> 01:16:32.000
So, as you can see, is way more dense with a lot more text with, more, with a lot more text with more kind of a detailed illustrations of people, kind of a detailed, illustrations of people, and the caricaturing of a detailed, illustrations of people, and the caricaturing of the public figures.

419
01:16:32.000 --> 01:16:36.000
Well, go nuts goes as you can see, this one is in, but, the illustrations are rather simple even though she does categorize and the texts are much bigger.

420
01:16:36.000 --> 01:16:54.000
And the note that left Kobayashi is meant to be read on magazines, printed magazines and on the right bogo this one is meant to be read on Twitter on your mobile device.

421
01:16:54.000 --> 01:16:59.000
So how do Monga authors visually and linguistic represent help and science? So 2, kind of common characteristics.

422
01:16:59.000 --> 01:17:20.000
So one is illustration or visual explanation of mechanism of science similar to science education manga and both argue for thinking educate yourself and demonstrating your approaches to public publicly available data despite their their approaches to data is a little bit different.

423
01:17:20.000 --> 01:17:26.000
So in terms of illustration or visual explanation of mechanism, so for example, Kobayashi, this is an example of that he explains how virus plumifates or propagates.

424
01:17:26.000 --> 01:17:42.000
Illustration is supplementing the text. So you're kind of meant to be reading the text, but the understanding of your text as our reading is supplemented with the illustration.

425
01:17:42.000 --> 01:17:56.000
And sort of a kind of a textbook style of you know her the mechanism into 1 2 3 4 5 that's how it happens but there's no citation and these facts or the kind of mechanisms are drawn as a matter of fact.

426
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On the other hand, Bogle, explains here is, how PCR test works and, Thanks, explain the mechanism.

427
01:18:08.000 --> 01:18:18.000
She, personifies objects using popular characters. So, here you can see, the rimon, which is a popular comic character.

428
01:18:18.000 --> 01:18:22.000
And it also, she also includes Footnote Citation with a link. So where she's, getting information from.

429
01:18:22.000 --> 01:18:30.000
And this one follows A 4 panel comic structure.

430
01:18:30.000 --> 01:18:35.000
And in terms of approaches to publicly available data, Kobayashi's main sort of repeated pattern is to read the data correctly.

431
01:18:35.000 --> 01:18:49.000
So in this example, this one is from, originally published in June, of 2020.

432
01:18:49.000 --> 01:19:06.000
He points to the peak of infection graph. This, and arguing that the first state of emergency was not necessary and she highlights kind of points to which number to read from which part of the

433
01:19:06.000 --> 01:19:16.000
And for him, a fact is treated as hidden in plain sight. Assumption is that anyone who could figure this fact out should be able to reach the same conclusion as him.

434
01:19:16.000 --> 01:19:25.000
So, so just like the kind of I imagine audience in the panel. So his manga features himself as, as a character as a narrator.

435
01:19:25.000 --> 01:19:41.000
So the the person this kind of a person with an authority explaining what the scrap is is himself, Kobashi himself and with his kind of imagined audience around here with responding with kind of a surprise and emotion and shock.

436
01:19:41.000 --> 01:19:50.000
So he depicts his reading as authority on interpreting the data. And this pattern is saying throughout his manga.

437
01:19:50.000 --> 01:20:15.000
On the other hand, bogo nuts go's approaches to public available data the argument is a little more implicit this is from 2,021 February she illustrates this kind of a with a kind of a abstracted person to people talking about the data pointing to the so someone's pointing

438
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to the fact that the dramatic decrease of new infections and of January, 2,021.

439
01:20:17.000 --> 01:20:35.000
This is still during the state of emergency. So and then adds the commentary of this kind of a common reading of the decrease of this decrease in the number and this is the discourse of Japanese exceptionalism and the citizens.

440
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Quote, strong will tours holding Olympics. but she argues implicitly, down at the very last, frame that the data is unreliable as a decrease in the infection is due to the decrease in tests and also adds that with the caricature.

441
01:20:52.000 --> 01:21:06.000
Public figures you can see here at least a Modi from the Olympic Organizing Committee, a Prime Minister Suga and, God took your governor quicker that the strong will is only

442
01:21:06.000 --> 01:21:24.000
There among those among in the government and those so not necessarily you know reflecting the facts. At the same time, just a caveat that the difference between Kobash and Bo and the treatment of data may be in the different publication periods.

443
01:21:24.000 --> 01:21:26.000
Kobe, she's first book was created during the early few months of The pandemic and this is the first of the COVID series that have already at least 5 books.

444
01:21:26.000 --> 01:21:36.000
Vogel on the other hand begin publishing on Twitter in December, 2,020 close to a year since the beginning of the pandemic.

445
01:21:36.000 --> 01:21:41.000
So that might be part of. The differences. So, how are concerns about infection and prevention in their daily life concern?

446
01:21:41.000 --> 01:21:57.000
Connected to health and science. So, Kobayashi's main focus is on the fatality rate of and not the number of infections.

447
01:21:57.000 --> 01:22:11.000
And he's concerned more about the economy and related deaths from economic halt. Vulgo on the other hand focuses on containing an infection concerned about the prevention of infection and death and the unknown effects of COVID, for example, long COVID.

448
01:22:11.000 --> 01:22:17.000
So, the concerns about economy, for Kobayashi COVID is an infodemic.

449
01:22:17.000 --> 01:22:29.000
So this, both of these are still in the early phase of the pandemic, but Kobe's an epidemic, he argues, and the virus and he argues that virus kills less than information about it and it's economic impact.

450
01:22:29.000 --> 01:22:48.000
He highlights the suicide of a restaurant owner who was selected as a torchbearer in the Olympics as very symbolic and he calls these small business owners as the true vulnerable population and he argues that the dignity of the restaurant owner is incomprehensible to the teleworking salary men hinting at those appear on television

451
01:22:48.000 --> 01:23:02.000
and and that kind of highlights that who are who can afford a telework who whose life a livelihood might be immediately in danger because of the voluntary restraint.

452
01:23:02.000 --> 01:23:11.000
So he argues the death toll from the virus itself. He so he points out this the number up until, May of 2020.

453
01:23:11.000 --> 01:23:25.000
Will and here I guess they will not exceed the related deaths due to voluntary restraint. And you can see here that at the bottom, the sort of, you know, the picture of a person who, passed, kind of this in general is within, included within this.

454
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Comic illustration of a virus and on the first panel which represents that the people who died of virus and then the second more so more directly due to virus and then the second one depicts within this frame of virus that the building collapse and the businesses collapsing businesses stopping people fighting people getting fired and a more

455
01:23:58.000 --> 01:23:59.000
2 min, Kiko.

456
01:23:59.000 --> 01:24:05.000
symbolic manner Okay, thank you. So very quickly. So, highlights the death and loss and the physical ability as such a long COVID.

457
01:24:05.000 --> 01:24:21.000
So, people not only so it also does include job loss, but these examples are personified and she argues that the death and loss are due to poor governance that the government are you know they're they only pretend to have done something but in reality only circling benefits among the powerful.

458
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And she also appears to the emotion that is anger, anxiety and loss. And visually illustrate the symptoms of long COVID based on the practitioner's account and she highlights the fatigue as commonly experienced symptom and, how they, how it can be experienced differently.

459
01:24:40.000 --> 01:24:49.000
So, she depicts diversity. The vulnerability may be actually more diverse. In terms of health and economic situations.

460
01:24:49.000 --> 01:25:02.000
So, on the experts, I don't have a lot of big, sort of, I don't know, manga comic panels themselves yet, but here are some summaries that, Kubashi is generally until 30.

461
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And the credible experts are, those with comprehensive knowledge rather than expert knowledge. He calls sort of an expert as like dumb experts because they are siloed.

462
01:25:12.000 --> 01:25:21.000
He also treats people credible if there were interpretation of lines with his own or if their forecast turns out to be true.

463
01:25:21.000 --> 01:25:28.000
So if a prevention preventative measure is successful and preventing and not kind of becoming through the number the worst-case scenario not becoming true for him that is not credible.

464
01:25:28.000 --> 01:25:37.000
Borgo on the other hand, Bogo is also critical of the government appointed experts, but that is due to their attitudes or stance.

465
01:25:37.000 --> 01:25:50.000
Changes according to their part of the powerful figures and experts speaking out on the fields that are not in their specialization are also problematic.

466
01:25:50.000 --> 01:26:01.000
So she highlights for her the credible practitioners, credible experts are practitioners within the field and speaking out with practical knowledge and experience.

467
01:26:01.000 --> 01:26:16.000
So, temp, preliminary conclusion. I believe that there's any performance as a political essay manga in about pandemic and capturing contesting social imaginaries and examining in its relation to science and its experts.

468
01:26:16.000 --> 01:26:22.000
And these are visual and emotional documentation of experience of the pandemic. And both are responding to it as it unfolds.

469
01:26:22.000 --> 01:26:35.000
And it also includes a description that's nice and helpful to perspective or not experts. So in the future, I would like to continue on to look at examining the genera specificity, temporality of publications.

470
01:26:35.000 --> 01:26:57.000
So for example, have their analysis that have their treatment of knowledge and information changed over time as we learn new things about COVID that we as it's unfolding how they treat those science scientific knowledge and it might be appropriate to do phase based analysis and it might be how they treat those, science, scientific knowledge.

471
01:26:57.000 --> 01:27:11.000
And it might be, appropriate to do phase based analysis and contextualization with newspaper analysis.

472
01:27:11.000 --> 01:27:22.000
Critic and a speaker and in his own right. So how do we sort of conceptualize different kinds of public in the democracy of and in science and democracy.

473
01:27:22.000 --> 01:27:26.000
So that is it from me. Thank you so much.

474
01:27:26.000 --> 01:27:41.000
Thank you. Thank you, Takeo. We couldn't hear you a little bit there at the end, but we could still read the slides.

475
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We still do not have the other speaker among our online participants. So we can go now to question and answer.

476
01:27:52.000 --> 01:27:55.000
And so.

477
01:27:55.000 --> 01:28:04.000
Let's see if this Light for phoneworks. It does.

478
01:28:04.000 --> 01:28:12.000
Could I ask our 2? In person presenters to come to the the front table.

479
01:28:12.000 --> 01:28:26.000
And anyone, anyone here. In the room in person with a question. Let's use that microphone so that our online participants can hear.

480
01:28:26.000 --> 01:28:29.000
So.

481
01:28:29.000 --> 01:28:47.000
Do we have? Questions from for Either our in-person presenters or our online presenters.

482
01:28:47.000 --> 01:28:53.000
I have a question to Chandra Bali. Thank you very much for your good. Excellent presentation.

483
01:28:53.000 --> 01:28:59.000
He there any difference between you talked about

484
01:28:59.000 --> 01:29:18.000
Other people's fear. And is there any difference between those of who lived with her or his younger generation family and those who are in a kind of carehouse.

485
01:29:18.000 --> 01:29:23.000
Thank you.

486
01:29:23.000 --> 01:29:27.000
Yeah.

487
01:29:27.000 --> 01:29:38.000
Thank you for your question. Is the people mostly I have interviewed among the 20 people. All of them actually live with their family.

488
01:29:38.000 --> 01:30:00.000
Okay, so I did not go to any care house or any old age homes so I didn't interview them but from the newspaper reports or from some like my friends or relatives Some people who live alone in India Either their children are, abroad for certain purposes.

489
01:30:00.000 --> 01:30:21.000
They were more scared because they some of them had covid During the first phase So for the first 2, 3 days they were completely alone and there were, there was, there was no one to take care of them to take them to the hospitals or the doctors.

490
01:30:21.000 --> 01:30:48.000
But gradually when the people were like the neighbors, they came to know some of the neighbors were at least empathetic so they came and they just dropped food or medicines in front of their doors and they went so actually I didn't have any idea about the care rooms because I didn't interview them directly only the perception is from that I have got from the

491
01:30:48.000 --> 01:31:03.000
newspapers or something like that But, we can presume years that, in the care homes some professionals are there to take care of the elderly people.

492
01:31:03.000 --> 01:31:14.000
So. Not only I can say that, they might have not. Gone through these kind of situations like the scary ones.

493
01:31:14.000 --> 01:31:22.000
Since they had someone to take care of. At the care homes. Yeah.

494
01:31:22.000 --> 01:31:30.000
Are there questions or comments?

495
01:31:30.000 --> 01:31:39.000
Thank you very much. It was very, you have wonderful presentations. So actually, so yesterday we have the same session.

496
01:31:39.000 --> 01:32:07.000
Like our language in the health and at the time So I presented about the metaphor of war in the and at the Caribbean situation and not only me but some other the presenters from the different countries also mentioned about the politicians and the medical professional use the world.

497
01:32:07.000 --> 01:32:28.000
Rated with or something like a fight against the carpet. And also we are under the war. And they take a medical professional as a front row and and like that and I find your presentation.

498
01:32:28.000 --> 01:32:37.000
So in your country like Indonesia and India the It also used this kind of, the the metaphor.

499
01:32:37.000 --> 01:32:46.000
I didn't say, but I came from here and, and, so.

500
01:32:46.000 --> 01:32:58.000
The other head, are there any, the language to, to protest? What to.

501
01:32:58.000 --> 01:33:12.000
To use a different expression index to express the compulsion or to express the empathy. Oh, with the people with, COVID.

502
01:33:12.000 --> 01:33:23.000
19 or what? I don't. People who are working in Yeah, to care and cure the COVID-19.

503
01:33:23.000 --> 01:33:33.000
So I think, you know, this kind of the, you know, the message from the politician that the Keiko mentioned.

504
01:33:33.000 --> 01:33:50.000
In the you know manga method yeah They something to care. You know the carrying language used in during the copy to make the situation.

505
01:33:50.000 --> 01:33:55.000
Thank you.

506
01:33:55.000 --> 01:34:05.000
Other questions or comments?

507
01:34:05.000 --> 01:34:09.000
Thank you.

508
01:34:09.000 --> 01:34:27.000
Like, of the politicians. As I can, say, on twentieth March, 2,020, India declared lockdown just one day before that our Prime Minister.

509
01:34:27.000 --> 01:34:42.000
At least, to the whole country. That people who are serving us and the medical professionals, we should thank them because They are the ones who are fighting.

510
01:34:42.000 --> 01:34:55.000
Against the disease because all of us have not yet have not been yet infected with the disease. But the doctors, the other care professionals, they are at least trying to fight it.

511
01:34:55.000 --> 01:35:13.000
So. At the very first, no, the, when the prime minister appealed to us, he said that All of us should thank by clapping our hands and by just bringing a plate or something like that and with a spoon we can make sounds.

512
01:35:13.000 --> 01:35:25.000
So that we can acknowledge their, we can acknowledge their, contribution that their, forefront and they are just taking care of us.

513
01:35:25.000 --> 01:35:41.000
So, we started with that all of us as as I can remember in our homes also we all at a particular time we just came to the balcony or our terrace and we all did the same because we were we also wanted to do that.

514
01:35:41.000 --> 01:36:00.000
But gradually when the time path were actually the time was passing The situation got worsened and everyone I think everyone was so horrified so scared that what they are saying They did not always, care for that.

515
01:36:00.000 --> 01:36:08.000
Because I, I do not remember the date by I can still remember a news channel, debate.

516
01:36:08.000 --> 01:36:18.000
When a person was saying a political person, a local level leader, he was saying that, Elders have lived a lot.

517
01:36:18.000 --> 01:36:27.000
It is the time for the young generation because they are the future. So we should take care of the young generation more than that of the elderly.

518
01:36:27.000 --> 01:36:52.000
So, these kind of situations when we, the program is aired on the television and people are saying it and if like I can recollect my father and mother myself my sister we all were sitting Then my father was he was 85 then And when he was saying the channel he said so if I have ovid you please be prepared

519
01:36:52.000 --> 01:37:10.000
that I am going to die because these people are not going to take care of us. Because if even if you admit me in the hospitals then they will just Let us go, okay, you are 85 so it's your time to go let the 45 or 35 years age I'll survive.

520
01:37:10.000 --> 01:37:33.000
So these kind of situations were there. So, but of course all are not same so There were people who were very positive and they were like taking care of their family as well as they were trying to make us feel relieved that don't worry there were many doctors and other professionals who say on television also that you need not to worry whatever

521
01:37:33.000 --> 01:37:45.000
happens. But these kind of situation the world kind of situation what we can say you have to do this you have to do that this kind of situation was more I think was politicized.

522
01:37:45.000 --> 01:37:54.000
And people who were in the quality, especially the local level leaders and all. Leave like, okay, we are there for you.

523
01:37:54.000 --> 01:38:01.000
But at the end, we are not there. We are there for ourselves only. So if you are not.

524
01:38:01.000 --> 01:38:11.000
Like amongst us Then you have to just go away. So these kind of situation was there.

525
01:38:11.000 --> 01:38:15.000
Okay.

526
01:38:15.000 --> 01:38:31.000
Thank you Miwako. I for the The question because now as I reflected on my findings I didn't search for a appreciative words.

527
01:38:31.000 --> 01:38:45.000
Towards this medical workers. I should have. What what I did for this presentation is only a search for languages used by the government.

528
01:38:45.000 --> 01:39:05.000
And the response of the people towards that language. But there are appreciative movement for the care workers. I should or in the next in for my next step for this research.

529
01:39:05.000 --> 01:39:23.000
I should find more appreciative languages because As we know, language is about meaning. There will always be a kind of struggle or contestation.

530
01:39:23.000 --> 01:39:43.000
To give meaning to something and in this case We have this band which was rather very new for all of us and There are actors who struggle to give meaning to this pandemic.

531
01:39:43.000 --> 01:40:01.000
In the case of Indonesia as I mentioned in my presentation. The meaning from the politicians tend to Give the responsibility to God the Almighty.

532
01:40:01.000 --> 01:40:20.000
And perhaps that is also to calm the people. And the response toward that use of languages we can see there are 2 at least 2 groups or 2 kind of response.

533
01:40:20.000 --> 01:40:37.000
To that language or the meaning making. The first response is reflected, reflecting the meaning from the politicians.

534
01:40:37.000 --> 01:40:53.000
That is making or choosing jokes as representative language. On the other hand, we have more harsh words.

535
01:40:53.000 --> 01:41:13.000
Usually chosen by the medical workers. To show their protest towards the framing using language of the framing of coffit, 19 using language by the politicians.

536
01:41:13.000 --> 01:41:18.000
But you're right, I didn't go further and look at this appreciative words to what to towards those who work during the coffee. 19.

537
01:41:18.000 --> 01:41:33.000
Thank you for your question. That makes me understand that I still have to continue my research. Thank you.

538
01:41:33.000 --> 01:41:41.000
Thank you. Other comments or questions?

539
01:41:41.000 --> 01:41:54.000
I remember when the health minister in Indonesia was making those comments about how God Almighty will protect us because we are so devout and pray regularly.

540
01:41:54.000 --> 01:42:05.000
That made some international news, a Singapore anyway. I remember that. Yeah, I'm wondering how is this being responded to by the public in Indonesia.

541
01:42:05.000 --> 01:42:30.000
He is a medical doctor. He actually is. But then in December, the 2,020, the president changed the cabinet and the president changed the cabinet and he is now no longer Minister of Health and our Minister of Health is now, have a background of a businessman.

542
01:42:30.000 --> 01:42:44.000
It works. Do you think those comments that the former health minister made in those early days of COVE played a role in his

543
01:42:44.000 --> 01:42:54.000
Not sure I should have do more research on that but it seems that, the coffee is being politicized.

544
01:42:54.000 --> 01:43:05.000
And it seems that the president Just like those who politicize their position. Perhaps why he was being replaced.

545
01:43:05.000 --> 01:43:21.000
He was replaced. By his politicization of the issue.

546
01:43:21.000 --> 01:43:28.000
Hi, thank you for, such an interesting presentations. I'm Ricard Musta.

547
01:43:28.000 --> 01:43:58.000
This is not really a commental question. I just wanted to know about Rafaela's last part which we we miss because we have time the mom listen to mom part yeah Oh the part that I didn't have time to present was the change of language used by the the government from the policy of large social restriction.

548
01:43:58.000 --> 01:44:15.000
To such a restriction on activities of the community. And, the, in Indonesian language it is from PSBB to PPKM.

549
01:44:15.000 --> 01:44:28.000
So the change doesn't make any sense for the people because the government keep using difficult language.

550
01:44:28.000 --> 01:44:41.000
And using appropriations. Which is also not an easy language. And what I would like to show is the respond of the people.

551
01:44:41.000 --> 01:44:56.000
And again, just like in the earlier stage of the pandemic, the response of the people, there was are in many cases it was It was treated like a joke.

552
01:44:56.000 --> 01:45:11.000
The that the policy from the government was treated like a joke and looking at the Neppissance hashtags or their posting in social media.

553
01:45:11.000 --> 01:45:37.000
Many jobs on the appropriations of this PPKM. So, there is no significant sense of emergency and severity when we look at the language used by the government and the response.

554
01:45:37.000 --> 01:45:55.000
True language used by the people. But if we do not only look at the language, then we can see that in day-to-day life the people know the severity and experience the severity of the pandemic.

555
01:45:55.000 --> 01:46:06.000
Thank you very much. Such jokes. I know maybe my memory is wrong, but in Japan we didn't get that kind of drugs, although we had a lot of criticism like, OK, Kosa has mentioned.

556
01:46:06.000 --> 01:46:08.000
Thank you.

557
01:46:08.000 --> 01:46:16.000
Thank you. Other questions or comments? Yeah.

558
01:46:16.000 --> 01:46:39.000
Yes, including our online participants. Do you have any questions or comments for? Any of our participants here.

559
01:46:39.000 --> 01:46:50.000
Yes, for, Natasha and Keiko, do you have any questions or comments for anyone here.

560
01:46:50.000 --> 01:46:54.000
Can I ask to do this?

561
01:46:54.000 --> 01:46:59.000
Can I ask Nadista? Yeah. Yes. Okay.

562
01:46:59.000 --> 01:47:00.000
And

563
01:47:00.000 --> 01:47:27.000
You're mentioning about this stigma towards the Roma and the ghettos. Who actually, is the most or whose voices it's the most distinct in saying that this group are stigmatized or are bad or are the carrier of the virus?

564
01:47:27.000 --> 01:47:32.000
Can you give some information on that?

565
01:47:32.000 --> 01:47:40.000
Well, as I said in my presentation, can you hear me? Is it okay now? D.

566
01:47:40.000 --> 01:47:41.000
Oh.

567
01:47:41.000 --> 01:47:51.000
Oh, I'm sorry we have audio problems here again for you yes yes yes you can write in the chat box here again for you yes yes yes you can write in the chat box with your response

568
01:47:51.000 --> 01:48:00.000
Okay. I will try to write in the chat. I don't know what happened. Just a second.

569
01:48:00.000 --> 01:48:07.000
You into your

570
01:48:07.000 --> 01:48:24.000
Do we do together?

571
01:48:24.000 --> 01:48:30.000
Actually, I can't type. I don't know what's going on here. I.

572
01:48:30.000 --> 01:48:39.000
Yeah, actually now it it is time for us to wrap things up here. Sorry, we're out of time.

573
01:48:39.000 --> 01:48:56.000
It's 1020. So I thank you all for coming out I think especially our presenters and audience members.

574
01:48:56.000 --> 01:49:03.000
Thank you all.

575
01:49:03.000 --> 01:49:10.000
Yeah. Oh, the media, she says the media basically created this moral panic. Then followed by the politicians.

576
01:49:10.000 --> 01:49:17.000
Yes. Thank you, Nadeceda.

577
01:49:17.000 --> 01:49:18.000
Thank you. Thank you.