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I see that Professor Tofrey wrote. Well, see me now. So it's even more stressful.

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Ok, so let's go. So we have a very centralized energy system, and Poland has very low rating in climate change performance index. This is mostly because of our

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sorry. Our energy makes

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the base of our energy. But induction is our call. So here you can see our electricity production sources. More than 70% of it is called so. And you can also see the progress we made during the last 30 years.

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and few words of how our energy system changes in in time. So in ninetys, we had

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huge mining, restrictorizing program. We closed a lot of inefficient minds, and we reduced hugely. Employment in mining.

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The moment of at European Union accession was very important because we had to adjust energy regulation and liberise our energy market.

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Also, we started to develop our wind energy. But in 2,015 our

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ruling party past all. controversial past controversial law which actually blocked onshore wind development in Poland.

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and we also had some success. My electricity program was a program about grants for polls who could receive extra money to

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install photovoltaic. photovoltaic panels on their homes, and more than a million posts installed photovoltaic panels panels on their homes during only 3 years.

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We also our idea of building nuclear power plant came back to life because we started our nuclear program in 2,009. But it was actually dead.

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And now our government started this program again, and also Russian's aggression on Ukraine.

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We had very big cries, energy crisis in in Poland, but not because of gas, because we are not dependent on Russian gas, but because of If this is kind of paradox because of coal. We have a lot of Co. But this Co. Isn't for heating houses. This is for industry called so. So. There was a big discussion in Poland about about Co. last winter

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before I started my research project an idea, I conducted a preliminary investigation. I conducted in 20 interviews with high profile experts on energy policy.

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This was a part of a bigger product, but I had great opportunity to ask my own questions to experts, and they particularly highlighted the problem of lack of a systematic and long-term vision of electricity in Poland. So

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we act on crisis. Actually, we don't have long term thinking in Poland in this term.

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and experts said that we have at least 2 coalition, a coalition, a large energy companies, miners, unions, ruling party who wants to.

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stop.

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stop phone call phase out or slower it. And we have also for climate coalition. Who wants decarbonization. And also, it's important to admit that European Union plays very, very, absolutely, very crucial role in stimulating the shift towards decarbonization in Poland.

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So My theoretically called framework is advocacy and see coalition freak work about competing coalitions of actors who play a crucial role in influencing policy outcomes.

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And also I use definition of policy integration by a Western man.

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It's important to say that.

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This is. This is important to have integrated. Policy which is agreed? By different actors. And this kind of policy can be effective.

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So my research aim is to examine the examine validity of the assertion that energy transition, subsystem in Poland is characterized by conflict and isolated coalitions.

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and also to identify the reasons and conditions for potential change of these situations.

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And here is the framework of the research. So there are a few 3 levels of structural factors and

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concern on on Meso structural factors. It means that I want to investigates a

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collaborations between actors which actors is which which actors are the most influential, the most important in the network.

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And I also want to investigated drivers.

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which, according to the literature can increase the likelihood of actors cooperation.

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So here are the drivers. I don't have much time, so I would go.

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and my my research consists of 4 stages. So first stage is systematic review of press articles to identify key actors and key beliefs

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about energy transition. Then we will conduct a online survey. Each actor will answer the questions about cooperation and about beliefs

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and about mentioned drivers. And then I will analyze these

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this data from a survey using social network analysis methods and to receive more in-depth.

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Have you on? roles and strategies of actors? Or you want to conduct in-depth interviews with key actors.

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So I've done the first stage of my research. So I analyzed. I analyzed 2 popular news portals in Poland.

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They are different in terms of voters who read them, and

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I search these articles with the keyword energy transition period of publication last year, and

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final sample was 212 articles, and I? Then I coded. Every actor.

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every so statement, actor statement! And then I assigned labels to the statement.

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So I identified 84 actors of a Polish and energy transition subsystem. 13 state institutions, 36 civil society actors like think tanks, Ngos or individual climate activists.

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and also business. 6 Academy actors and miners, trade unions.

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And here you can see the results, the most important topics and the most popular beliefs about energy transition. So you can see that we have actually 3 kinds of topics about energy makes about

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about European unions

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and about actually our values. How important for for polish actors, energy transition is so. For example, in terms of topic at the future of coal.

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we have 3 3 beliefs that we have some actors who believe that we should develop, even develop co-energy. And we should invest in new coal technologies, like, for example, carbon capture.

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second, belief is

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is about the situation of war in Ukraine.

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because there are some actors who support energy, energy transition, but because of unstable situations. They think that now change their mind, and they think that we should extend our

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call burning. and that third one is, of course, full. The decarbonization as as soon as it possible.

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Interesting is also attitude towards a nuclear energy and sorry, renewable energy sources, because some actors want to

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stop, call and start nuclear energy. And some actors say that nuclear energy this is not good good option, and they want to

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develop more renewable energy sources, and they should be a foundation of the energy system, not nuclear energy

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and interesting, is also an attitude towards EU climate policies, because there there is huge discussion about that, because from the Polish perspective

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they are often a European Union climate policy is quite restrictive for for us often, especially, it's about your emission trade system.

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because, emission trade system prices are very high now, and our our electricity is from Bernie Cole. So our power plans have to pay a lot of taxes because of that, and also fit for 55 Directive is criticized as to ambitions, because I say that European Union doesn't understand us. We are in different situation, and this is very hard for us.

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and there are also actors who say that we should do it. And we we have to pay a lot because of it as a.

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because we are not decorbonized because we didn't do it. So okay, so I go to conclusions.

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A discussion which is taking place in Poland is actually about the fundamental issues related to energy transition. This discussion is multi-faced. because we talk about values, about energy makes about relations with the European Union.

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and of course, the war in Ukraine, and gave a strong argument to actors who oppose

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go face out in Poland. So next steps

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will be conducting an online survey. Thank you.

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Okay, thank you, Botan. So next up we have Gail Javier, who will be presenting on his topic.

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so good morning, everyone. I'm Gile, the virus from the University of the Philippines, and I'll be presenting our paper on Social Networks for Renewable energy transition in small off-grid islands in the Philippines. So this paper is a collaboration between the Department of Sociology and the Department of Engineering, the University of the Philippines. Unfortunately, Professor Joseph Indonesia wasn't able to attend, and

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for better or worse, you have me to present today. And there. Yeah.

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So for my outline of presentation, I I will be discussing 3 main parts. One is To give you a general context of the Philippine Arctic, Pelago, and its geographical and social political context in terms of sustainable electrification. The second is on the frameworks and barriers of energy transition, transition we are facing. And lastly, our focus, which is on local communities and how they can be drivers for energy transition.

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So Philippines is an archipelagic country for those who haven't been there yet. it consists of clusters of small, off-grid islands, and geographically, we are located near the equator. This means that engineers. So energy researchers have shown how we have a a big potential for solar and wind energy.

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And according to a German watch, 2,019 climate risk research.

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about 48% of our Gdp annual average were lost due to climate-related issues.

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and 455 people are

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dying because of weather, related debts. So in terms of their scale. No, we are a second out of the second country, out of 181 countries that they have, and the 40 fourteenth out of the 181 countries that they have who are losing because of climate change.

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When it comes to the researches that we've had like, I've said before, you know.

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a study by blushingers shows that because the I the Philippines is composed of many clusters of small offbreed islands. We have shown how we can generate 7.5 gigawatts of solar. Pv. In terms of potential 14 gigawatts. In it comes to wind energy, and we also have a 5 5.8 battery storage gigawatts potential a storage for energy.

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So our studies by the laboratory of electrochemical engineering shows that 100% re-based electrification is technically feasible by 2,050 using solar Pv battery energy systems during the transition. So the idea here is that instead of fully transitioning with totally using re based, we are going to transition using

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solar hybrid generators. So the idea is that we are using a mix of solar batteries, batteries for the lithium Ion. But batteries for energy storage and solar pv modules for a generation while using D-cell oil as back at generators.

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So in the Department of Energy in the Philippines. We are saying that with a revised national renewable energy program, the Department of Energy targets, 35% are each share of power generation by 2,023 in a 2,007 in Paris agreement. The Philippine Government also pledged to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 75% from the original. 70 by 2,030.

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But what does it look like right now? So in our current context, 77.2 of the countries is still a fossil fuel based. So we even have about 20 more projects coming for coal-fired power plants

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and 18.7% have been increased. So we have 691 grams of

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carbon dioxide emissions per kilowatt hours, and

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101 million households are still not with a reliable. 24 h electricity.

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So what are we facing right now in the current framework that we have in the renewable energy app of 2,008. We are relying on big investors, a source of financing and operation, focusing on low risks and profit profitable gains. So the bottle that we have is what we call the public, private, and partnership, wherein the Government is so mainly looking for the support of big companies, and how they can fund our operations in

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electrification. However, the big issues that we have in our small off-breed islands is that they are mainly not profitable in terms of economy of scale. They don't try the same generation of profit when it comes to the central esc that we already have. The alternative framework that we are proposing is that

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maybe

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what we need is not a motivation based on profit, but by the idea that they are responsible as citizens of the country, to be helping our sustainable electrification. So the idea of a corporate social responsibility model is being ingrained in our recently past micro-grid systems act of 2,002.

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So the idea here is that we can accelerate the total electrification in an electrified UN electrified areas by supporting the small to medium energy developers and local initiatives.

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because, like I've mentioned in the previous panel, most of our big electric companies are funding the coal-fired power plants in the central areas. But we do have small energy developers who are not able to penetrate the market of the small off-grid islands simply because of bureaucratic policies that are slowing down their process.

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So

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hybrid. R. E-based mini-grids can power the small off-grid island saving about 34.0 3% in costs and achieving 58.58%. Our renewable energy share in the total energy mix that we have if fused. Okay on interconnected migrants, yeah, yields higher generation and are more stable. So the idea here is that instead of

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totally decentralizing this micro-grids, our research shows that it would be more effective to form clusters of these off-grid islands as and connect them together and form these mini-grids and therefore electrifying these small offbeat islands.

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The idea here is that local community organizations can play a big role in initiating and sustaining the efforts to shift the renewable energy sources rather than relying on the big energy companies who are

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highly profit-driven in the first place

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so

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and yes, like, I mentioned, one of our bigger, biggest issues is a slow implement implementation of re policies, because the the law itself is actually quite advanced, but when it comes to the implementation it gets slowed down specifically because of the geographical context, it's an archipelago, and transactions are very slow. When it, when you have to travel by, both from island to island, and when it comes to the

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criteria selection being used to generate electricity, there is a big preference for Diesel simply because of the familiarity of the fisher folk living in the area. They've been using it for years and years, and it's easier for them to use in general

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when it comes to academic support for off-grid island electrification, we have a project electrified. So this is the project that started this research. project electrified develop an off-grid island database. So using

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because one of the issues that been that, this keeps on rising when it comes to the consultation is that, we don't have enough data when it comes to the so small off-grid island, so project electrified, develop an off-grid island based that database which collated about 711 islands to show the possibilities for clustering these islands for Mini Grid

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at the same time project electrify also developed an Islap software or island system. low cost of electricity operations and electricity costs algorithm. And the idea here is that it is an open source software that is modeled similarly to the Homer model, but more specifically contextualized in the small offbeat islands of the Philippines

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and other researches. under the project electrify shows that are E-based. Micro gates are actually cheaper than Diesel. Only generation given how in the global market of energy storage batteries. It's been declining, and the price of solar batteries are a solar module. Sorry solar modules are also declining.

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At the same time importing diesel is projected to be to be. that it will keep on rising in price. So there!

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So my presentation is focused on local communities as diverse of such energy transition, off-breed electrification efforts require the trust and support of the island communities. So one of the reasons that we found why implementation of the policies in the small of of the island is slow is because they've had recent. they've had previous experiences of how government actions are

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not so effective in helping their daily livelihood. But if the local communities themselves are who are already residing in the area will help them, it will become easier, you know.

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a consumer preference of familiar, renewable energy source. We saw how other areas have already developed the use of energy, clean energy

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it their hesitance or their lack of social acceptability doesn't really come from the idea that they don't like clean energy. It really comes from a lot of prior knowledge and experience, from using clean energy, because once they experienced the use of renewable energy sources, they were actually fond of using it.

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so the idea is that we need proactive knowledge and experience, sharing from nearby, off-grid island communities who have already who are already with functioning, social, technical infrastructures, and relatively similar geographic, social, political context, so they can share their experiences of the use of clean energy.

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So here are some examples of the ones who are

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famous in the Philippines for generating such. hybrid energy. Ramblun, electric cooperative is one Boswanga electric operative. Both of these are using smart solar hybrid generators, so

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that means they have a combination of solar.

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solar, forge, electric generation, lithium, ion batteries for energy storage and B cell as back of generator, since the area is the Philippines in general often inquired, often encounters typhoons and other climate-related

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disasters.

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Another example of the efficiency of such communities is in an island. community cooperative for development. They were actually given by the Kingdom of Belgium, funded by the Kingdom of Belgium to create a centralized solar power plant. But after 5 years of operation.

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It ended. It stopped because

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such a system wasn't really affordable for the people living in the area who are highly relying on fishing as a general livelihood source. So after 5 years, they actually resorted to the use of rechargeable. So Chargeable solar lamps! So so you can see.

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with the support of such a community cooperative, it was more adapted to what the people are using, so they are electrified, but not in the sense of a centralized system, but they are using rechargeable solar lamps which generally improve the lifestyle of the people.

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But now in center for appropriate rural technologies also. one who has been awarded with a solar power plant, but at the same time they were supporting the power plant with livelihood projects. So in the picture you can see one of these ice freezers if I am correct. So the idea here is that since most of the people are are relying on fishing as a likelihood

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source. Storage and preservation is very helpful for them. You are using clean energy.

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So these electric cooperatives are actually forming Association. So association of isolated electric cooperative, for example, is one. Sir Reneefahhila Button is actually the one who is the operations manager of Rumblin electric cooperative, and he has been starting more projects of solar-powered a solar hybrid projects with other electric operatives who are sharing the same experience.

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Philippine, Rural Electric Cooperatives Association or Phil Reka is another

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another point that can be looked at because these association is actually forming a party list right now, and they actually won one one position in the government, and although this is a bit controversial since they started as a non government organization, and now they are part of the list. The idea is that these social networks can be tapped as a potential emerging, renewable energy public in the Philippines that we can tap to further such a clean energy transition.

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So in our project we did a preliminary mapping of the re-related functioning organizations and categorized them to

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okay, so green, yellow, and white. The green ones are the model sites, which are the small off-grid islands, with full or maybe hybrid R. E. Operations already working. The yellow ones are the highly ready ones, because they have a small offbeat islands with hybrid or non-AR E, but already have a micro-breed operation, or with initial case studies for potential hybrid re operations by our local researchers

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and the white white ones are the expansion sites, since they are small of the islands without electrification. But still they have such similar geographical contexts, and the other model sites and highly redicides can share their information of and experiences when it comes to the use of solar hybrid

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generators. So the conclusion that we have is that harnessing the potential of emerging our publics.

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given the archipelagic character of the country hybrid microbeits present a pathway for small offset islands to achieve total electrification, to address social acceptability of clean energy systems. Local communities can be the primary drivers to build social networks of information that get to facilitate the adaptation of hybrid microgrid to achieve a successful energy transition in the small of the islands in the Philippines. So thank you for listening. And these are the references. Thank you.

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Okay, thank you. So next up we have. to huame.

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Okay, good morning. Everyone. it's my pleasure to present my work here today. my research to look at the social and environmental companies in Taiwan's energy transition, especially a controversies over the grounds mounted solar power plans.

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Okay. Let me staff on the background. In 2,016 the current during God party. Deep Democratic pro pro aggressive party has gone. The power of central governments and ambitious blueprints of energy transition has been initiated by prices, and she's high in one of our policy goal was to increase the renewable energy up to 20% of national energy resources

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by 2,025, to adopt a principle of smart land use.

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Solapenos was encouraged to installed on the top of the agriculture and the aquacultural farms. Angela, on the abandoned abundant salt pants, non-earable sub-site sidents, land pounds and the reserves.

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However, the policy has provoked green and the social comforts in different areas. The social gap is in this a lot. Most people will say they support renewable energy, but many opposites or protests the large-scale solar power plans into your community.

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while the Government's concerns, how to enhance social acceptance of renewables. The environmental groups tend to find a resolution to the comforts of greens, and to avoid a devocates of a proper sighting procedure.

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As a result results a new mechanism of sighting for Aqua cultural solar power power. Symbiosis has been employed by the government, and and and the government has lower the policy goal of the share of ground mounted solar power plants by increasing the share of Luftop, solar power.

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Looking back, what happened in the last few years since the policy of aquaculture and the solar powers and voices have heavily promoted by the Government

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the enclosure of a fish bomb by renewables. Capital had provoked social and the ecological

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ecological countries in the western southern coastal area. Taiwan of Taiwan. The most severe comforts up here in Chicago area in China it has received a lot of attention in the society. It also attracts me to a conduct and engaged research in this area.

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my question! Why the policy of the aqua culture and the solar powers in voices! per box comfort, and how? Local communities, fish farmers, and the Conservation group responds to the planes of renewables. 101.

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And what resolution at the vocettes by civic forces, and what mechanism has been formulated, and the employees for the sighting process, and how the social Ecological comfort ships! And the inference! The pathway of Taiwan's energy transition.

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Conflicts over renewables have not only happened in Taiwan students argue that the the democratic deficit and the lack of procedure justice, have provoked the accomplish over the development of renewables. The lack of information, transparency, and the proper procedure has followed resulted in the laws of social trust in many

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renewable plans to enhance Government's framework. Some scholars suggested to adopt a collaborative governance, approach scholars of energy, democracy emphasize the importance of greater procedural engagement with decision making and the participatory governance of energy system

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for sighting process, such as social planning for energy transition or place-based technology assessment, have provides alternative to recognize the interests of and the perspective of the stakeholders and the host community.

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Since the citing process also evolves knowledge, there is the need to recognize the value of lay knowledge, citizen science, and the public

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co-production of knowledge. However, the involvement of procedural justice and the cultural recognition may not, might he gets the distribution. dysitory, beauty of injustice!

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Environmental justice. Scholars such as Hes and Ri Boreal, suggest that the environmental justice protocols involving dimension of distribution, procedure, recognition, and the community capacity should apply to all. Energy sectors.

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distributive justice is crucial, but some scholar argues community benefits from the development of renewables and civic ownership would enhance social acceptance of renewable development

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in my research since the environmental activities to have frequently adopt the concept of of energy, the energy democracy to friendly campaign. I explore the potentials and limitations of of the Democrats.

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All camera.

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Oh, sorry of democratization, of political economics and the knowledge arena for the Society to tackling with renewable comforts

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back to the conference in Taiwan. The most well-known case was in Chicago district. It's a place with over 4,000 hectares of fish pumps, and the abundance So to pen it is it well known for agriculture, ecological conservation, and ecosystem.

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The place provides inhabitants for birds, including in dangerous immigrants, birds, la Bragg fast spoonbill, the coastal natural environment, the abundant salt paint, and the ecological ecological form of cream farming have provided food and the habitat for the white birds.

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Comfort of Greens has become an issue. The Conservation group and the eco-fish farmers have voice to challenge the plane of agricultural and the solar powers and voices

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in terms of economic and social impact. The local landbroke and the renewable capital have rodged the to our area. The red of of fish pounds grows 10 times, and the then transaction so

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opportunist investment and the enclosure of Fish Farm worries the community and the society.

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The autonomy of community is under straightened the potential changes in landscape culture and life quality, cancer, local, resident for fish farmers like question, if the aquacultural solar powers in voices works, what worry than most is that the installation of

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solar panels on the top of 40% of fish bomb which drives out in the change of sunlight which men affect the productivity.

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Besides their knowledge and skill for farming and the hobbies.

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farming and the far harvesting cramp and fish, men have to change as well other issues, such as water quality and how to treat solar panel West in the future has also been addressed. It.

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Tigo area is an area where a fish farm are many worm by several big. Then, owner. It's it's convenient, convenient for the land broker to encroach the Fish Farm as the Fish Farm tenant found the Re Sos, and getting difficult to renew layer rental agreement, they voiced out and protested

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the local conservation group. Taiwan black fence. Spoonbill Association has played a low, a spreeach broker to bring environmental group to meet local farmers and the community residents since 2,018, an informal alliance involved national whites and the local environmental and combination groups.

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including Many member group of Taiwan energy transition, promotion, alliance, such as citizens, a citizen of the Earth Taiwan, have worked together to find the resolution to deal with the comfort

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it is important to indicate that most active environmental group involves in dealing with renewable comforts, have

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shifted their focus from anti-new career to promote energy, transition and and renewables. In recent years they have made an effort to to secure the new craft-free homeland policy which is an achievement of parents, anti-nucory movement. After 2,011 Fukushima disaster.

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the environmental activities to explore the dudes of comforts may PIN so stakeholders and identify no key issue. They recognize the issues of comfort, of greens, the rights of Fish Farm, balance and the concern of the community, the problems of opportunist investment, and then enclosure the lake of proper sighting process.

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information, transparency, and the stakeholder participation has been identified. Liberal stakeholders, including local conservation group, community resident and the Fisher farm as a together and foresee that facilitating our social dialogue and the developed advocacy strategy.

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the activities and advocates of taking the path of less comfort for the development of renewables to might he get the pressures of renewable development in Lula area. The activist also lobby for increasing share of loaf topped solar panel and have more policy to support

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to citizens community power planes. Most importantly, the activist just initiated the mechanism of environmental and the social check-based a citing framework in order to advise the

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solar power capital to in, to have layer permanent

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in the right location and finding the last comfort of energy transition password.

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The initiation from the environmental group has gone through a series of political negotiations. The environmentalists have worked together with the local fish farm residents and the conservation groups create dialogue platform for stakeholders and to dialogue with central and local government official and the even the investors.

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the activities to have successfully labeled and lobbied and helped the government to develop the new mechanism of environmental and the social checklist. In October 2,020, love and mechanism has officially inserted into the application procedure of agricultural solar powers in voices plane.

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the

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yeah, esc officially inserted into the application procedure and the this checklist is comp composed of 3 dimensions, including public participation and the information transparency identification of environmental and the ecological issue. And the third one is identification of social and economic issues.

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The Esc has been conducted by a government in 6 city and the counties. From 2,020 to 2,002, 2,022, and the the assessment helps to this

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pinguish the Fish Farm lane into 3 categories, including area to avoid concert area and the prioritized area in order to advise the solar power capital to avoid the area which has higher ecological and so social and and the social economic concerns.

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Let. okay, okay,

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this check. This was designed to mobilize, stakeholder, to participate in the assessment and process, and it's contributed to information. This culture and the corporation of sapping knowledge by recognizing citizen science from conservation group lay knowledge of local residents in the Fish Farm and the perspective of stakeholders.

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Since my time is running out, so I will skip to the the very final discussion, and, to sum up, although the Yes. C. Seems to contribute to, to enhance procedural justice and the might get to the comfort this mechanism has shown its limitations conducting the environmental and social check. This, the seems

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the the power structure is still uneven. Besides, in many occasions the public meeting has also become social arena of comfort. The opinion of local People may be highly divided. The interests of fish, farm tenants, and the fish farmer who had a landowner are different. The formal the

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the format, tend to adopt a more critical step to renewables.

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information, disclosure, and the opinion collection is simply not enough. The local group and fish farmer are still excluded for the Foundla vinyl decision making. Second, the process shows the importance of co-production, of citing knowledge and recognize the citizen science and the knowledge of Fish Farm. It's a scholar potential for democratization, of knowledge and technology.

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for Energy transition in terms of distribution. Justice, like in pre-implementation of Yesc is not enough to constrain the solar capital in Dublin, in Lenin Kroger, civic ownership, citizen community power plan steel companies and the governments tend to

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pay compensation to a community, how to really democratize the economic domains and giving the developing autonomy to the community remain challenges due to a protest in the conduct

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mit Ctl. And conduction of the Essex. The development of Taiwan's ground multi-solar power plan has lay behind a policy goal, however, la comforts and the civic edible cases have contributes to constraint. A very markets, drive, and form of developments. Envelopment groups are now at the forecast of increasing, renewable to improvement. 2

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in implementation, national and the local wides, then plane. In addition to the concept of environmental justice and energy democracy, the activist to adopt a concept of just transition to the campaign for fair developments and that renewable pathway of renewable development drive by. But policy and the markets forces need to be confined by ecological and the social

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consent. And I think I would end up here. Thank you so much.

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Okay, thank you very much. So. next up, we have Marco Leton.

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 Okay, good morning. Everyone. I'm, Marcolyn from the University of Pompeo Fabra in Barcelona. And I'll talk about our projects.

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So rather a comparison underway work in progress, comparing Finland and and Canada in terms of

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of the techno-scientific promises of nuclear power.

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And this

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this presentation is, as I said, work in progress. And it's part of a broader project that we have actually officially 2 different projects

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called promises. I should have put the the website here, but it's not up to date. So maybe it's better not to not to have the the website. Anyhow, the the project

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looks at the construction, maintenance, reconstruction, and circulation of techno-scientific promises.

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and the communities that try to construct or deconstruct

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these promises and our empirical studies are

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focusing on small modular nuclear reactors. and in 5 countries that are currently developing those Canada, Finland, France, yeah, Uk and Sweden.

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And our theoretical background is based on science science and technology studies and sociology of expectations.

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So a few words of what we understand by techno-scientific promises.

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So first of all, promising is necessary if you want to get your get funding and support for your

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your real technology. You have to promise that it provides something useful for society. But then, with those promises come the risk risk of over-promising and polarization, of debate and disappointment after those promises. If they don't, are not fulfilled.

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then, secondly, promises are collectively constructed. We're not talking only about promises made by individuals in speech

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situations, they are performative.

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they have concrete implications, they are relational, and they are embedded in institutions and material artifacts.

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and then, finally, they bind together past, present, and future. So the promises about future express today are often or almost always, based on historical examples and experiences.

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And then, finally, finally, the idea that controversies and the confrontation between promise making communities communities and their contestants is actually can be useful, and they can serve as trials of strength of these these promises.

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And this is a way we try to conceptualize and

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bring out the idea that these are not only about this course, but also about institutions and materiality. So the idea is to combine these promise making from its construction is is about the interaction between these 3 dimensions.

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So these small modular reactors can be considered as the latest in the long series of promises in the in the nuclear sector. Technological promises in in this sector.

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and one distinction to be made when we talk about

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promises is a there are often so-called umbrella promises in this case the Smrs as a broad category, consisting of at least 70 different designs, technological designs.

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So it's a very broad broaden, heterogeneous, diverse category.

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and the the promises are several that these Smrs are supposed to be cheaper, safer, easier to finance, quicker to construct multifunction functional, that they wouldn't produce only electricity, but also many other other services, desalination, heat, heat, production, etc.,

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compatible with decentralized energy systems. And this is essential. Unlike the large nuclear reactors, these these are expected to be compatible with renewable-based energy systems.

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and because they are smaller and supposedly less risky, they are easier and possible to site near urban and rural communities deployable by the end of should be by the end of 2020 s. So 2030. That's that's the promise made made by many of these developers and

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promise makers.

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Another distinction to be made is that there are 2 types of 2 categories of SMS. And here we entry into these specific promises, no longer talking about SMS as a broad category, but as

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as specific designs. Those 70 designs which can be divided into 2 categories of lightwater-based Smrs, which are essentially based on existing technologies, and then the advanced ones, which also claim to be based on on earlier experiences from the 50 s. And 60 s. But which need need more development, so they the more the longer term

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promises.

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and then the ingredients of a successful promise to be successful.

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It has to be legitimate and credible. This is an idea that comes from Sts literature, and by legitimacy we mean that it there has to be a problem widely recognized and urgent problem or ambition behind the

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justifying that this promise is useful and progress modernity to sustainable development are examples of those. And the second criterion is credibility. This technology or promise has to be able to show that it's it's doable within the time frame and within the budget.

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And that's also often based on past experience, and people say, we can do this. We've done it before. The nuclear sector has has all this decades long

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experience.

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So this is simply a very clumsy way of trying to summarize what I what I said. There are umbrella and specific promises they need to be like. It's not incredible.

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and that promises are a combination of discourses, institutions, and material artifacts.

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So I'll give a few glimpse of

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the construction of legitimacy and credibility of the Smr. Promise in Canada and and Finland.

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So, first of all. building the legitimacy.

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explaining that this problem underlying problem is real and urgent.

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And, by the way, this is very much based on Canada. My colleagues kind of colleagues, I'm feeling finish as well, but I work more on Canada, so they know more about Finland. But but these go very much for Finland and and Canada. So the first

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legitimization is the net 0 imperative. The idea that's a growing demand for electricity

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can only be satisfied by nuclear power, and especially by Smrs, which provide reliable baseload power.

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and the large reactors have been shown to be slow and expensive to build.

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and therefore we need these Smrs. The second one, the Ukraine war, has become as a godsend to the nuclear nuclear sector.

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and has highlighted the importance of security.

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The third one is building this so-called competence hubs or centers of

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competence, a capability through

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 through the development of especially the advanced SMS. And lastly.

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there's a growing idea that these Smrs actually constitute a bridge bridge

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for the nuclear industry. To go back to building these large reactors, which in recent decades have been very problematic, whose construction has been problematic.

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Then, looking at the legitimacy of the specific Smr promises

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in Finland the the the aim is to decarmonize district heating. Oh, that's the the main which it might be a legitimizing factor.

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And there's this idea that this is our our own solution, specific to our country, to our specific needs. And a second

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argument is about export markets. Precisely this. Our technology can provide

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export opportunities for finished companies developing this is technology, whereas in Canada there's a

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broader range of options and uses for for SMS

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larger Smrs needed to quickly decarbonize the electricity supply

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slightly smaller advanced reactors, high temperature reactors that would be used in industry to decarbonize industrial processes, but also to develop nucleus sector competencies. These competence hubs in certain provinces and then, thirdly.

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decarbonizing. electricity supply in remote communities, off-grid communities, especially in indigenous areas. And that's a very crucial and problematic aspect in in Canada or problematic and promising at the same time.

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then going, lastly, to the credibility of of the umbrella. Promise, first of all, the the general Smr. Promise there what

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strikes me in 5 min. Good

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struck me in Finland, in Canada. Especially is the highlighting, the way in which a Canadian actors highlight the Canadian capacity to cooperate and collaborate, and collaboration is essential for this promise to be fulfilled.

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But this is something that we Canadians know almost by by nature. and there

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often herd. Argument is that Canada is the best placed in in the world to lead the global Smr Renaissance, because we have a long history and capabilities built in in this sector

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streamlining the safety regulation is is a key often highlighted as as a key requirement for the

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promise of Smrs to become a reality. And there as well. The Canadians argue that we have a world leading safety regulator

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which is leading collaborative efforts at the international level to to make this happen.

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and this is just an example of the the way in which

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the promises in Canada are being institutionalized or have been institutionalized, and, so to say they have a

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he developed an Smr. Roadmap among utilities and he governmental actors in 2,018.

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It's a our action plan. 2 years later.

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gathering a broader range of actors.

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including the different vendors.

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And then, lastly, at the Provincial Cross provincial level, 4 provinces developing or interested in SMS.

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Agreed on a strategic plan.

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So these, these are examples of the collaboration and institutionalization of of the promise, and, lastly, that has implied government funding so material material realities behind this promised drug and making this promise possible

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and years. Maybe I won't go to the map, but just to highlight that there are sharp differences between provinces in Canada they have very different energy policies.

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energy resources, and therefore also the Smr plans are different.

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and Quebec, for instance, is completely anti-nuclear at the moment, whereas Ontario has 60% nuclear electricity.

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And then, lastly, the talking about the credibility of the specific

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Smr promises the how to demonstrate the ability of these specific designs

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to fulfill their their promise. Ability to deliver

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 an example from from Finland, I would say Finland is slightly behind Canada in this promised construction. But very recently there have been advances in

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in this area as well, and similar arguments that nuclear power know how national energy policy and the world's leading district-hating network provide the world's best starting point for these districting specific Smrs

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in Finland and at the Vtt. The the Institution Research Institution leading this this works as we, we have this experience, 80 years of experience in this area. So we we know how to do this.

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And there also, the the Company has

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a start that company has been able to to raise funding funding for this

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distributing reactors

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and for Canada. It's

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sufficient to underline the this distinction between the light water.

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Flightwater-based Smr is easy and quick to deploy. So that's the justification. Why we can. We can do this because our design is the most deployable. It's essentially built on, based on the existing operating reactive technologies.

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And then the second one, how to justify the

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the need for the advanced and capability, our ability to construct these advanced reactors.

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Argument that there's a long experience of tried and proven fast breeder and other generation for technologies.

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And this is a very contested argument, because there are.

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there are good reasons to say that fast radio reactors have been tried and tested and proven unviable. So there's this debate of? Are they viable or unviable?

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 talking about and contesting?

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Okay, contesting communities. So an observation can can be made that there's very little in either country in Canada or Finland, very little counter narratives and contestants, but there are interestingly within the nuclear sector. There are these doubters who say Yes, the demand is there. But can we deliver people who who doubt our capability to actually

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raised to the challenge and rise to the challenge and and provide this, fulfill this this promise, but overall counter-arratives are

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are few.

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So concluding thoughts. Institutionalization of this promise is under way, but there's relatively little yet to be seen in terms of material concretization of of the Smr promise, counter narratives and promise deconstructors are almost absent.

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What does this mean for the solidity of these promises? That's that's our question.

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There are several contradictions and tensions in this promise, construction into which I will not go, though here

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and then, finally, I will highlight the what I did not talk talk about the international dimension of promise. Construction is essential as well international networking.

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And then the SMS. As a step back to construction of large reactors. That's

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clearly a rising issue emerging issue.

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Thank you.

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Okay, thank you very much. And last, but not least, we have.

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Ok, good morning. My name is Midori Auyangi. Today I present my paper about energy poverty in Southeast Asia.

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climate change, indication and the quality of life with Ritz Kosaki there.

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Oh.

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okay.

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Justin.

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how?

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I just

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no.

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no, no.

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This this one. Okay. Thanks.

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 Energy property is

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stated in Sdg's goal. 7

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ensure access to affordable like undiable and modern energy. For all

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today's presentation is about 711, and proportion of the

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population with access to electricity. And this study, what supported by the Ministry of the Environment. Our research project was about sustainable consumption and the production. And we are focusing in the Southeast Asian countries.

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And we surveyed those 3 countries, and Vietnam and Thailand. And today, I focus on the Yama situation. We started in 2,018,

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and

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the photos used in this presentation.

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all of the hotels I took on site, and this is one of the town town in Shan State, called Townse.

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01:06:11.720 --> 01:06:16.360
and our research is a combined method

319
01:06:16.540 --> 01:06:21.200
for our study. We propose to combine the methodology

320
01:06:21.320 --> 01:06:24.749
far better understanding the and Southeast Asian

321
01:06:24.770 --> 01:06:28.929
society. As we did not experience the survey. In those vision

322
01:06:29.040 --> 01:06:53.839
we invited Professor Hong Namuji, who was in charge of the Asian-america survey, and the reason why we did correct quality survey is that we need to construct a more relevant questionnaires for this survey, so that we combine qualitative and the quantity survey for better understanding that Asian countries, especially the developing countries.

323
01:06:54.630 --> 01:07:02.839
Our collaborative collaborator itself is those 3. I'm savvy and research

324
01:07:03.170 --> 01:07:14.099
companies, Epsos and Vietnam, Academy of social sciences and yamas. So by research we worked

325
01:07:14.240 --> 01:07:25.990
with those 3 companies, both in qualitative and quantitative survey in for the qualitative Sunday we picked 15 to 30 forms.

326
01:07:26.120 --> 01:07:43.700
both in rural area and the urban area, and for the quantitative survey we covered all whole nations, and we. We chose our respondents for national representatives, for example, face to face interview, and we

327
01:07:43.800 --> 01:07:52.570
we we got around 1 1,000 to 2,000 responses

328
01:08:00.720 --> 01:08:04.210
for the qualitative solid We

329
01:08:04.800 --> 01:08:06.240
we interviewed

330
01:08:06.280 --> 01:08:24.599
in each area of their house, and we asked income level education levels and and rural urban and settings and their quality of life and usage of the energy and the ownership of the energy electronic facilities.

331
01:08:24.880 --> 01:08:46.089
And we now we I want niece team and the local team visited and interviewed with videotape and the record at the respondents, how home? And we France to use basically same question as semi structure for qualitative and the structure for quantitative

332
01:08:46.120 --> 01:08:47.810
in each countries.

333
01:08:50.320 --> 01:08:53.019
Okay, we focus on them,

334
01:08:53.540 --> 01:09:05.169
Yama, because that the the situation is so different. And in Vietnam and Thailand most of the households are connected with the main grid. But in Yama some

335
01:09:05.690 --> 01:09:07.010
and most

336
01:09:07.130 --> 01:09:24.029
most a household, in, especially in a rural area, they are not connected to its main grid. So we focus on the yamra here. So the first. And we have to explain about the energy property, what is the energy, poverty.

337
01:09:24.080 --> 01:09:35.820
electricity, especially in quality of life. Electricity plays a a major role for an improvement of people's lives, especially in the European countries.

338
01:09:36.250 --> 01:09:57.050
The energy transition and shift that that means in developing countries shift from solid the fields, such as the firewood, rice husks, and the storage to the wicked fields. Then to go down forms of energy, I mean, electricity is important. The reduction of the earth's impacts

339
01:09:57.090 --> 01:10:02.330
by the indoor and air pollution by cooking or heating.

340
01:10:02.480 --> 01:10:07.149
So we focus on that. And tradition of that energy sources.

341
01:10:07.590 --> 01:10:19.899
and in Southeast Asia cooking is often done out of doors or semi-indoors without smoke, but the effect on cook cards cannot be ignored.

342
01:10:20.030 --> 01:10:23.290
and it can be considered.

343
01:10:24.270 --> 01:10:31.250
considered, and constantly improved simply from solid energy and sources by replacing with it with

344
01:10:31.310 --> 01:10:47.930
and kerosene or gas, I mean natural gas or pulp, and ga, so, etc. Electrification also leads to a major change in quality of life. Electricity can be used not only for heating, but also for home appliances, such as if regulation and the feeding.

345
01:10:48.350 --> 01:10:55.630
and in addition, electrification provides a brighter and more stable writing environment.

346
01:10:55.730 --> 01:11:08.550
not only changing, writing, the life of the area, the the life of the and Ionic candles and the cosine drums, but also enables the use of information related to home appliances and

347
01:11:08.730 --> 01:11:14.040
such as television radios, telephones, and the mobile horns and the small homes.

348
01:11:14.180 --> 01:11:29.820
By doing so it will dramatically increase and opportunities, cutting its information and the involvement in education, entertainment, and entertainment, such as TV and DVD. Will also be available.

349
01:11:30.110 --> 01:11:32.490
and the energy property

350
01:11:32.650 --> 01:11:37.409
was originally proposed in the Uk.

351
01:11:37.420 --> 01:11:55.639
And to analyze the lives of the poor in terms of the energies, consumption, such as cooking and heating, which are essential for living in in the coral country. Popular definition in the Uk is that the more than 10% of the prop payment for energy in total hashold income. However.

352
01:11:55.950 --> 01:12:16.010
it has come to be used as a conceptual, and an article, too, for assisting the quality of life in developing countries. But we cannot upright, can pass into payment for energy in total house of home income. So today I proposed some of them the definition of that

353
01:12:16.400 --> 01:12:18.760
energy poverty in yammer

354
01:12:18.840 --> 01:12:27.879
 so that the but energy property in it's defined differently by also to authors.

355
01:12:27.970 --> 01:12:37.669
There are 2 Us. But in some there are 2 aspects, the case of the physical and physical, and accessibility, or in accessibility

356
01:12:37.820 --> 01:12:50.240
and the in in inability to pay for costs that's called a polarity. In memoir. The eratification rate of the whole country is estimated to be about 40%

357
01:12:50.300 --> 01:13:02.760
so that the accessibility aspect is the Sydney who count, but also because of the income instability. The affordability is also an important significant

358
01:13:04.210 --> 01:13:17.760
okay? so From here we, I show you their own result of our subway. And but we we have a a large amount of the questionnaire, so that here we focus on the

359
01:13:17.840 --> 01:13:30.879
a measurement of the affordability and also measurement of the usage of and and energy in in everyday life and ownership of household and appliances here.

360
01:13:32.720 --> 01:13:38.109
 okay, as I told you as as

361
01:13:38.910 --> 01:13:43.590
of the electricity, Sopran in the subway, the regions is different

362
01:13:43.650 --> 01:13:57.990
except Myelmer, or the household we surveyed were connected to the main grid. But some households in Yummer, but not thus. Our discussion here is the issues around the energy property in myilmar

363
01:13:58.370 --> 01:14:16.419
for? Okay? 5 min. Okay, a hands of a house for the economic condition. 40 to 60% in Yamara, 60 to 70% in Vietnam, and 22 sorry for in in Thai people could not get enough money for everyday needs. And this is Memo case.

364
01:14:16.420 --> 01:14:45.119
and that that found items. It says that the 30 38 to 40% of people borrow money for every they need, so that they have. They couldn't get enough money for it every day needs. And this is a on graph for economic conditions around 30 to 40% people in myammar, 30 to 5, 50%. If that now could not get stable income last year, one year, a year before

365
01:14:45.460 --> 01:14:46.859
our shall be.

366
01:14:47.140 --> 01:14:58.790
And this is Myama cooking case. And this this graph shows the usage of energy in everyday for usage of energy for cooking.

367
01:14:59.340 --> 01:15:03.910
And you can see that that, especially in rural area.

368
01:15:03.960 --> 01:15:16.100
people use Jacqueline wood for cooking, and in in Allen area this electricity and the chac, or are used

369
01:15:16.140 --> 01:15:24.299
and very minor, and use the right right's husk and the other specified. and some people use gas in the avant area.

370
01:15:25.380 --> 01:15:35.720
so people very much rely on the conventional ones, in especially in rural area. And this is a Vietnam case. I, with no case, is a very

371
01:15:35.740 --> 01:15:40.169
I'm kind of an Eco status in rural and the lava

372
01:15:40.330 --> 01:15:47.970
to around the area. Most of the people use cuss and electricity, and some people

373
01:15:48.030 --> 01:15:51.970
in in urban and no rural area they use.

374
01:15:52.310 --> 01:15:58.549
And here this is a time cooking for a tyrant. Many people use.

375
01:15:58.890 --> 01:16:03.369
especially in a non-nom municipal means. Rural area.

376
01:16:03.570 --> 01:16:05.890
They use the charcoal and wood.

377
01:16:05.980 --> 01:16:31.459
and the Kirsten and Gus and the electricity are even used in both in in Avon and the rural areas. And this is a I calculate it. This is the result of the carication of that energy poverty. and this graph shows the electricity source of the electricity. Many people use main grid in the oven area.

378
01:16:31.460 --> 01:16:52.090
but a few people, I mean around the study people use. Sally, households use main grid in rural area, and most of people rely on the Soura power in rural area. Most even I said most, but the at 30%,

379
01:16:52.170 --> 01:16:53.909
so that that

380
01:16:54.260 --> 01:17:02.909
the definition of one can be defined as the no connection with the main grid if

381
01:17:03.280 --> 01:17:23.290
I define. No, no, made it main great connection, the energy public poverty rate in the Avon area. It's a that and 12% rural area in 68, and the there is a second definition. if I define an as a property as

382
01:17:23.300 --> 01:17:28.429
connection to any electricity source other than main grid.

383
01:17:28.560 --> 01:17:56.770
then but energy property rate is and and 1% in urban area and 3% in rural area dramatically decreased. So that that and that all of that. And Soara permanent is huge. But Sora plan is is a weaker, so that that the people cannot use Raj Electric. but appliances so that the ownership the household appliances is very defined by the electricities. Here.

384
01:17:57.010 --> 01:18:08.240
A 30% run is only the rural area grid connection, and 70% is the rural area main grid and and own for connect. So that that defines a lot. Okay.

385
01:18:09.000 --> 01:18:26.119
I skip this one and the conclusion so that we can calculate the energy property and 2 weights and no main grid connection, and the question to any electricity source other than main grid, and the connection to the main grid is closely related to the home appliances.

386
01:18:26.120 --> 01:18:43.389
my home uprights, ownerships, and the but the popularities, the Sellers access high ownership of Smartphone with Sora panel electricity supply in Roria. I I didn't mention this one, but that I saw a lot, and you can see the home appliances is

387
01:18:44.070 --> 01:18:49.650
very much and derive on the smart homes and the other any of the

388
01:18:50.440 --> 01:18:53.139
that's all. Thank you. Thank you very much.

389
01:19:03.270 --> 01:19:10.560
All right, thanks everyone. We've got plenty of time for some discussion. Can I invite the speakers to the table in front?

390
01:19:10.930 --> 01:19:16.340
 To respond to the questions. And in the meantime

391
01:19:16.550 --> 01:19:21.750
yeah, the the. We're open for questions from the floor.

392
01:19:22.260 --> 01:19:24.960
Yes. and then

393
01:19:31.000 --> 01:19:33.260
I have 3, but very short one.

394
01:19:33.290 --> 01:19:41.060
Okay, go for it.

395
01:19:41.150 --> 01:19:44.100
Most promising. Missed from the

396
01:19:44.280 --> 01:19:45.220
a.

397
01:19:45.520 --> 01:19:57.179
I was wondering how those those promises are related to uncertainties and risks, like in a Canadian and Finnish case.

398
01:19:57.200 --> 01:20:12.969
and this the second one, which is more and more methodological. Why did you choose? And in the St. As the the the of promises instead, for example, like imaginaries? That's that's from just my curiosity. Second one is to Olena.

399
01:20:13.010 --> 01:20:35.240
and you're working on on networking. But then the next step, I guess, is like working on the on the issue. What is bridging those those networks of? If not, and if yes, what will be like? How do you think it can work in terms of bridging those different narratives and connections between those those networks

400
01:20:35.320 --> 01:20:37.880
and the last one for Processor 2.

401
01:20:38.030 --> 01:20:47.309
You didn't mention the indigenous in your case. Indigenous communities is that in this case they are not visible, or, what is.

402
01:20:47.360 --> 01:20:52.000
Thank you very much. And yes, thank you for all the presentation. They were great.

403
01:20:53.650 --> 01:20:55.840
We'll collect a few questions in a year.

404
01:20:57.930 --> 01:21:04.019
Kuji, from Japan. Yeah, thank you for very

405
01:21:04.190 --> 01:21:06.919
a stimulating and

406
01:21:06.970 --> 01:21:09.800
interesting representation.

407
01:21:10.080 --> 01:21:14.900
My question is a little bit huge.

408
01:21:15.270 --> 01:21:20.820
yeah. Now we are environmental sociologists

409
01:21:20.960 --> 01:21:24.860
and energy transition

410
01:21:25.400 --> 01:21:31.499
is a pretty critical now, and

411
01:21:31.570 --> 01:21:38.240
environmental economists and other scientists can

412
01:21:38.340 --> 01:21:41.649
discuss. energy transition.

413
01:21:41.980 --> 01:21:44.119
So my question is.

414
01:21:44.130 --> 01:21:56.159
but is the most important Bible or most important factors for our environment environmental sociologists

415
01:21:56.430 --> 01:22:00.540
to discuss about energy transition.

416
01:22:00.940 --> 01:22:09.279
And I found the second speakers today's slide.

417
01:22:10.020 --> 01:22:14.330
He referred to

418
01:22:14.640 --> 01:22:17.490
socio-political context.

419
01:22:18.810 --> 01:22:38.710
So in my view, socio-political context is one that was a very important factor for environmental services. But you did not refer to the content of socioportic or content. So

420
01:22:38.710 --> 01:22:53.160
Each of speakers! Please give me your answer. What is the most important, variable to discuss about energy transition

421
01:22:53.590 --> 01:22:59.850
from point of environmental sociologists. Sociological view. Thank you.

422
01:23:03.960 --> 01:23:06.870
99 years after the

423
01:23:06.920 --> 01:23:18.589
 I want to share with you what I hear many engineers and physical. That site is saying, they are saying, this is origin. We need to change by yesterday.

424
01:23:18.700 --> 01:23:37.499
And and you guys are protesting. And you don't want this, and you have different perspectives. What is the unit of analysis? Right? And here I'm hearing. Well, there are different narratives, etc., and something I don't know how to answer, perhaps, or how to address is

425
01:23:38.190 --> 01:23:43.760
well, indeed, the word is on fire, right literally

426
01:23:43.880 --> 01:23:53.920
on fire with flats and tetra. So really on your coming. How do we get our hands or our heads around that? A.

427
01:23:54.680 --> 01:24:04.130
Of course, we see, understanding that between actors frame things differently, all that what we sociologists know. So how do we get our?

428
01:24:04.350 --> 01:24:12.309
How can you help me get my head around this from all the based on all what you

429
01:24:12.500 --> 01:24:15.380
share with us in your amazing presentations.

430
01:24:18.180 --> 01:24:22.770
Relaxing of that? Yeah. the

431
01:24:32.720 --> 01:24:35.280
so that you have more than one.

432
01:24:37.050 --> 01:24:38.589
I mean, there is a location.

433
01:24:38.980 --> 01:24:43.230
 But as a consensus question.

434
01:24:43.400 --> 01:24:58.679
I I think, and as an environment of sociologists, I have to see people, especially the bulnerable people in developing countries. That that why I chose Southeast Asian country the studies to see people and they need

435
01:24:58.840 --> 01:25:05.280
improve lift up their their quality of life. Of course

436
01:25:05.380 --> 01:25:09.209
that means, and the and the energy consumption will rise.

437
01:25:09.630 --> 01:25:10.540
What

438
01:25:11.810 --> 01:25:15.240
but they have to reduce carbon dioxide emissions.

439
01:25:15.310 --> 01:25:20.570
and they have to also reduce the errors impact by the energy consumption.

440
01:25:20.700 --> 01:25:24.270
so that I have to see people. That's what we should do. I think

441
01:25:31.020 --> 01:25:55.160
I I think I will start from a question for me, and in my research. That the coastal is an air, that the the coastal area is many. The the residents are all Han. Ethan is in group, so there are no indigenous group in this area. So the Ola fish?

442
01:25:55.210 --> 01:25:59.809
fishy farmers, they are Maltown as Taiwanese.

443
01:25:59.930 --> 01:26:14.720
Yeah. So so that. That's why I I don't mean I didn't mention indigenous group, and but we do have some. We do have some. We do have some comforts happened 250

444
01:26:14.720 --> 01:26:37.730
in indigenous territories, such as the one that was one case in Titan County, and the company want to invest in. West, then it's it's not in the national conservation area. But it's actually it's a wise area and also a

445
01:26:37.730 --> 01:27:02.219
traditional territory for indigenous group. So the the people protest, and they want the the company to exercise the now we have. we have indigenous Brexit role. And so they actually have to in to be informed and passed their their agreement. The the people

446
01:27:02.300 --> 01:27:15.599
agreements from that tribe. Okay? When for the last 2 questions, I think the for for as a environmental sociologist, I think we we we

447
01:27:16.140 --> 01:27:46.029
we have some for me. I have some normative concern for energy transition. And as I mentioned, environmental justity, protocol or emergency, democracy is still important. Even, I'm quite support developments. Still, I hope the whole department can also pay attention to distribution justice and also multiple dimension of the

448
01:27:46.030 --> 01:27:48.090
environmental justice

449
01:27:48.090 --> 01:27:59.119
erez agmoni. And the second point is the I think my, my, my learning from science technology study is that 150

450
01:27:59.120 --> 01:28:20.240
erez agmoni a transition is not only relate to take a long logical transition, it's also a very important for social transformation. It cannot be transformation. So our we sociologists can play alone in the the the process 150

451
01:28:20.240 --> 01:28:32.720
erez agmoni, and to present the all transition as fully driven by the markets by a profit or a

452
01:28:33.140 --> 01:28:46.020
only dominating the by, the the powerful. And for the third question, I think in my case, the activist, they have.

453
01:28:46.060 --> 01:29:05.249
actually change the strategy quite a lot. As I just mentioned. Very briefly, the environmentalist layer actually including me, we are. We was active to an anti-nucry movement.

454
01:29:05.470 --> 01:29:26.619
but in auto to mass energy transition possible. You, we can see, some activists to have find try to find a way to not only protest, or only a dubs come from tension or strategy. But sometime you have to have some strateg to be cooperative.

455
01:29:26.630 --> 01:29:35.260
And so I think it's quite a lot. There was a lot, a lot of struggle and a bit more facing the activist

456
01:29:35.370 --> 01:29:54.620
erez agmoni activist. So I think in the case of Taiwan, the that's the I still believe the civil society can find a way, and we know the world is on fire. So we have to find a solution and to find a last comfort of 101

457
01:29:54.760 --> 01:30:02.699
transition password. So that's my opinion. I think many activities to share the same concern of me. Thank you.

458
01:30:06.490 --> 01:30:11.910
Yes, thanks. I'll first answer the easy questions for you to.

459
01:30:12.940 --> 01:30:16.730
It's about the risks and uncertainties and promises.

460
01:30:16.910 --> 01:30:34.199
 erez agmoni. So the first answer would be that the the promises are there precisely in order to reduce risks and uncertainties, provide certainty for investors and all key actors involved. So that's that's the way in which promises are supposed to work, that they help 150

461
01:30:34.320 --> 01:30:39.740
help to promote these technologies by reducing uncertainties and and risks.

462
01:30:39.830 --> 01:30:50.200
Oh, uncertainty especially. And then, of course, when we talk about risks and not, maybe you refer to safety, health and safety risks. And that's another

463
01:30:50.220 --> 01:30:51.640
another issue.

464
01:30:52.090 --> 01:30:54.119
Of course, I'm there.

465
01:30:54.450 --> 01:30:55.530
Yeah. Several

466
01:30:55.760 --> 01:31:00.190
different types of promises of these reactors being, say, for

467
01:31:00.220 --> 01:31:02.100
safer and

468
01:31:02.670 --> 01:31:06.070
a better for for the health of the speed.

469
01:31:06.180 --> 01:31:07.320
easy.

470
01:31:07.590 --> 01:31:15.570
easy dimension. Then why promises are not imaginaries, and that is

471
01:31:16.110 --> 01:31:24.770
one thing that we still haven't had. They don't have completely completely decided. But so you could say that

472
01:31:25.130 --> 01:31:29.989
the first and the answer is that promises as a concept allows.

473
01:31:30.880 --> 01:31:34.210
It's easier to combine these material.

474
01:31:34.300 --> 01:31:40.230
these cursive and institutional factors through the concept of promises and

475
01:31:40.390 --> 01:31:48.919
the promised construction. The idea is something that is constructed and involves precisely this interaction between

476
01:31:49.330 --> 01:32:00.439
discourse and material artifacts. That's what is the the strength of promises. But then you could say that there are imaginaries are there.

477
01:32:00.730 --> 01:32:10.209
and we have this promise making permits construction processes which are based on imaginaries that we have imaginaries.

478
01:32:10.340 --> 01:32:11.390
and

479
01:32:11.420 --> 01:32:17.669
we aspire towards them through the promise construction processes.

480
01:32:18.820 --> 01:32:23.330
 then the more complicated issues about

481
01:32:23.420 --> 01:32:33.850
key issues for an on energy transition for sociologists. I would again, I would say, we provide understanding, like social scientists.

482
01:32:33.930 --> 01:32:42.869
as usual, but from our research on on promises, I guess, learning from from history. That's also very general

483
01:32:43.000 --> 01:33:05.259
general comment. But I think it is always relevant. And in this context, not repeating the the past mistakes if you want, that's what one can observe looking at how the nuclear industry and nuclear sector is advancing, you have get the impression that we're going back to the fiftys and sixtys and the the promises of those days.

484
01:33:05.970 --> 01:33:08.639
And then another more general

485
01:33:08.910 --> 01:33:24.769
general answer. I would say, our role is to foster dialogue between between the engineering, let's say, engineering, community and social science community. And that's all. Always always useful inter and transdisciplinary

486
01:33:24.810 --> 01:33:26.120
collaboration.

487
01:33:26.210 --> 01:33:27.489
And I suppose

488
01:33:27.750 --> 01:33:32.050
we have a special special role there. Perhaps

489
01:33:32.710 --> 01:33:37.060
the world is on fire. I with that discussion, for

490
01:33:37.470 --> 01:33:38.740
for later.

491
01:33:41.270 --> 01:33:43.880
so maybe I will answer

492
01:33:43.940 --> 01:33:45.800
the first question for me.

493
01:33:46.030 --> 01:33:47.190
and

494
01:33:47.220 --> 01:33:57.890
my project is about cooperation between actors, and I want to investigate drivers which can foster this collaboration.

495
01:33:58.060 --> 01:34:01.090
in Polish context. So

496
01:34:01.390 --> 01:34:09.290
If some drivers can increase the likelihood of actors cooperation.

497
01:34:09.300 --> 01:34:14.720
I think we can do something with these drivers. For example, if

498
01:34:14.740 --> 01:34:20.539
attendance to Forum is important. maybe we should involve and organize such

499
01:34:20.680 --> 01:34:26.729
forum to talk about this, because today we don't have something like that.

500
01:34:27.030 --> 01:34:28.649
as far as I know.

501
01:34:28.850 --> 01:34:34.049
So this is about how I want to

502
01:34:34.380 --> 01:34:36.319
and abuse my product.

503
01:34:36.440 --> 01:34:40.530
for my country and every transition in Poland.

504
01:34:40.550 --> 01:34:47.270
But according to the second question about the role of sociology.

505
01:34:47.920 --> 01:35:02.070
I think it's about combining humans's efforts to mitigate climate change, and I see a huge potential for social sciences for it. 250.

506
01:35:02.250 --> 01:35:03.230
Thank you.

507
01:35:04.990 --> 01:35:25.160
So well, in the interest of time, I wasn't able to elaborate on the more specific issues of the social, political context in the Philippines. But perhaps what I wanted to highlight there is that the big model that we have when it comes to the loss that we have in renewable energy was is

508
01:35:25.160 --> 01:35:40.059
formed enough public and private partnership model we're in. The private companies are the one funding the projects. And the government is just focus on approving and focus on implementing and talking to the

509
01:35:40.060 --> 01:36:02.020
on stakeholders. But the problem is that since the model of private companies is more about profitability, small islands are always under prioritized or not. Look at at the beginning. And even the research is made. We're not that elaborate. That's why the prop project electrify was focused on

510
01:36:02.020 --> 01:36:16.379
creating more database, creating more software to generate more information in these areas. So in that in that project. So I was working with engineers, economists. And

511
01:36:16.400 --> 01:36:41.399
I can already see how sociologists are a bit less prioritized, because there are only 2 or 3 of us in the in the team of like a couple of in engineers. And what I saw is that engineers are already seeing the potential to technology. It is possible. But now they are seeing the consequence of their very technologically deterministic way.

512
01:36:41.400 --> 01:37:03.859
If looking at the problem because they have the system, they do have an understanding of how it can be implemented. But the problem. They're The problem that they're encountering now in the Philippines is social acceptance. How do we talk to the local government units? How do we coordinate with them? How do we inform them about the about the

513
01:37:03.860 --> 01:37:07.429
logic of clean energy? Because in the Philippines

514
01:37:07.430 --> 01:37:31.109
people of these marginalized areas they're not necessarily against clean energy. But when you're experiencing poverty, you're thinking about, what are you gonna eat tomorrow? What are you gonna have for dinner with your family rather than thinking about the world being on fire you're thinking about. We don't have shelter for tomorrow. So

515
01:37:31.110 --> 01:37:43.640
that's a big issue that we are in in energy, poverty, and the more grounded level is more. the effects are more direct and more present.

516
01:37:43.700 --> 01:37:44.809
So

517
01:37:44.950 --> 01:38:05.599
that's why we are. that we are proposing that the grassroots level organization, the community cooperatives are more aware of this experiences, and they are more capable of helping and visualizing to our policymakers. Why, this is an urgent concern in the in the Philippines, so

518
01:38:05.600 --> 01:38:29.660
like, for example, though the examples I gave with Ramblun and Boswanga these electric operators were the one who contacted or communicated and coordinated with the foreign investors who helped them fund these projects, and it was just later, months after filing all the papers the Department of Energy, the and the National

519
01:38:29.660 --> 01:38:37.769
Application Agents came and approved and took photos. And yeah, the Department of energy is approving such projects.

520
01:38:38.110 --> 01:39:03.109
That's at the core of it, the initiative game from the local cooperatives. So that's I think that's the edge of the sociologist in this field, because we are capable of looking at the structure of why such concerns are not being entertained by the government, then at the same time we are capable of looking at the more micro interactions within the

521
01:39:03.110 --> 01:39:16.339
communities, and how we can touch on the more specific concerns that we have, they have and how we can link that to the more global international concerns of energy poverty and clean energy transition. Thank you.

522
01:39:26.770 --> 01:39:42.669
thank you for the presentations. It's quite a a a general question. So anyone who want to answer I think, my question is about the way we research energy transitions and often in Oxford cases we focus on renewable energy and implementing renewable energy.

523
01:39:42.719 --> 01:39:46.109
But what I know of at least Belgium, or maybe Europe.

524
01:39:46.190 --> 01:39:53.690
that the question is not? Are we in favor of renewable energy, because there's quite a consensus? But how do we scale down

525
01:39:53.840 --> 01:39:55.169
the other ones?

526
01:39:55.520 --> 01:39:59.319
And and I think perhaps it's a new ones. But I think perhaps

527
01:39:59.350 --> 01:40:06.229
I want your opinion of whether, should we focus also on the scaling download? And do people want to scale down? And

528
01:40:06.240 --> 01:40:11.579
there are often legitimate reasons. I think, that people are again scaling down other sources.

529
01:40:11.959 --> 01:40:19.900
So we think of in a transition as a kind of 0 some change, but I think, as society, many people are in favor of

530
01:40:20.420 --> 01:40:48.670
renewable energy, but also in favor of keeping the other ones at the same level. So people don't really think about this as a 0 sum game. And, for example, what I understand about the Polish context. But don't please. I'm wrong. But I think that, or I heard that the Co. Industry or the dependence on call is is very much a consequence also, like an idea of self reliance where you have distrust from the Western Europe, and you also distrust the Eastern Russia. So so, depending on pool is a way to kind of keep it in house

531
01:40:48.920 --> 01:40:55.360
all right. So I think perhaps if we want to make a difference, a sociologist, and to understand what people think, we should

532
01:40:55.400 --> 01:40:58.220
emphasize also scaling down the other ones instead of

533
01:40:58.410 --> 01:41:04.689
mostly focusing on like, how do we implement renewable energy? So general? Question?

534
01:41:04.830 --> 01:41:08.079
Anybody who wants to answer

535
01:41:08.610 --> 01:41:10.000
only other questions.

536
01:41:10.370 --> 01:41:11.450
And then

537
01:41:15.660 --> 01:41:17.520
are we going to not go close?

538
01:41:18.160 --> 01:41:32.090
Okay? And when I heard Mark's presentation he mentioned the heat, not only electricity, but the other means of the energy, but they seldom. We focus on the dog kind of energies. So you have to

539
01:41:32.840 --> 01:41:35.170
be more white.

540
01:41:35.530 --> 01:41:37.179
perspectives. Okay.

541
01:41:44.200 --> 01:41:46.739
I just wanted to say that

542
01:41:47.090 --> 01:41:52.670
in one, we have discussion about Co. And

543
01:41:52.780 --> 01:41:54.010
we think

544
01:41:54.530 --> 01:42:09.859
what to do with this call not only about renewable energy sources, but the problem is cold. So we you think about it lowering the level of Co in an or energy mix. But yes, I agree with you that.

545
01:42:10.130 --> 01:42:31.770
that we have want to be independent from Russia. and also there are discussions that renewable energy sources like heat bombs or W, or wind energy, our western technology. So we didn't. We don't want to be defendant from that. So.

546
01:42:31.920 --> 01:42:34.830
yes, we have this kind of discussions involved.

547
01:42:36.290 --> 01:42:39.140
Yeah, thanks.

548
01:42:39.200 --> 01:42:50.279
I fully agree with the idea of more attention being paid to the scaling down, depending on what you mean by it, or regardless of what you mean by it, because I think there's

549
01:42:50.420 --> 01:43:07.260
plenty of research already on destabilization of how to destabilize the existing energy of regimes or social technical regimes around energy, and that brings into the debates questions of power, power of the incumbent players. And

550
01:43:07.380 --> 01:43:12.290
so again, the role of sociologists for social scientists.

551
01:43:12.320 --> 01:43:19.969
I think, should be, for instance, to highlight the obstacles and complications I happen to like not only solutions, but

552
01:43:20.490 --> 01:43:21.510
mostly

553
01:43:21.550 --> 01:43:28.569
the obstacles. And then the other aspect comes to my mind is, if you mean B growth and you

554
01:43:28.770 --> 01:43:38.919
scaling down the reducing energy consumption, that's A, that's another issue that has to be brought onto the table and the the nuclear

555
01:43:38.930 --> 01:43:42.160
nuclear energy and SMS, that's one window

556
01:43:42.310 --> 01:43:50.140
to that discussion, because there's a debate between the the growth proponents ecommerce. And then the number of people

557
01:43:50.240 --> 01:43:51.480
of the

558
01:43:51.700 --> 01:43:57.889
different visions. And looking at the that debate is is important as such.

559
01:43:59.210 --> 01:44:23.690
Yeah, so maybe we have a a bit different contacts, since it's in the Philippines. But in in our interface you were able to find even the small energy developers are thinking about the consequences of a lifestyle change. When a little new energy is being introduced. So I think it all comes back to the

560
01:44:23.690 --> 01:44:39.610
These energy developers must also know the context of these communities that they're going into. So that's where, again, sociologists come in to the conversation because you have to share the information of what matters to these communities and what doesn't? so

561
01:44:39.610 --> 01:45:04.600
but yeah, I think it is. one of the reasons why we were and we were proposing that maybe the narrative shouldn't really be about profitability, but more about giving it, looking at energy as a common good for everyone, and lifestyle change. well, new energies will inevitably give new lifestyle, but at least it opens up that possibility for a more digit

562
01:45:04.600 --> 01:45:13.909
life rather than a more. You know, the more capitalist new labor in the sense that in there's infinite possibilities for growth. Yeah.

563
01:45:15.460 --> 01:45:20.199
maybe I can say something about how I

564
01:45:20.240 --> 01:45:28.169
engage you with my research, and I think I consider myself as a rich

565
01:45:28.270 --> 01:45:57.679
mit Ctl. And kinds of bridge broker in the sustainability transition. So I actually, I participate a lot in the alliance of a kid at pivist. And also when I conduct interview, or I try to have more, some focus group, or I often feedback all the information I have to the from fish farmers.

566
01:45:57.680 --> 01:46:09.739
our local residents, and also we keep the kinds of relationship to encourage each other to

567
01:46:10.100 --> 01:46:14.450
to face the challenge you have now. So

568
01:46:14.780 --> 01:46:33.109
I I actually didn't have time to mention my message. I think that now that there is more and more people try to top this kind of position and to conduct engage research. And I think it is is really important. And

569
01:46:33.110 --> 01:46:46.449
I mentioned co-design called production Code delivery. I think. A so, Scott. or sociologist. So I think we can also play alone in the the whole transition.

570
01:46:46.630 --> 01:47:07.860
Thank you very much. Thank you, everyone for your attention, or for being a very active audience. Can we give a round of applause for our speakers, and thank you very much again, and please feel free to approach our speakers. If you have any further questions or discussions. Thanks.