WEBVTT

1
00:00:00.001 --> 00:00:08.000
Are you right to read out? All right, so good morning everybody. I guess I'm cheering now.

2
00:00:08.000 --> 00:00:24.000
So I guess it's important for us to start with an acknowledgement of country and on behalf of everyone gathered I pay respects to at respect to the spirit of country here in Narn where we are meeting I acknowledge the past and present.

3
00:00:24.000 --> 00:00:33.000
Pulin Nation will run Jerry Wuerong as the sovereign people here. The cultural knowledge holders who maintain.

4
00:00:33.000 --> 00:00:46.000
Promote the norm Aboriginal law, customs and custodianship responsibilities of a country and the people that country constitutes continues to sustain generation after generation into the future for all of us.

5
00:00:46.000 --> 00:00:56.000
I recognize the important contribution that First Nations thinkers have made to sociology, including the challenges to our dominant ways of thinking.

6
00:00:56.000 --> 00:01:08.000
We thank all First Nations delegates in the room today for their contributions to knowledge in the discipline.

7
00:01:08.000 --> 00:01:13.000
Thank you, Catherine, for reading. The message.

8
00:01:13.000 --> 00:01:23.000
Okay, so I'm gonna put a timeline so I can keep track of time Good morning everybody. Thank you for for making the early hour to listen to our presentations here.

9
00:01:23.000 --> 00:01:51.000
So the paper I'm going to present is based on a small little project that was funded by a C grant from the Institute for Public Understanding of Risk at the National University of Singapore and I did this project in collaboration with Yang YC who is the lady you see on your right on the screen and who was the CEO of this

10
00:01:51.000 --> 00:01:57.000
project. So EC is the technical experts here that did all the big data analysis. I was sort of like the conceptual part of the project.

11
00:01:57.000 --> 00:02:19.000
So if you have any technical questions about how we did the the network analysis and the topic modeling. EC is online so I'm sure we can show it should be more than happy to answer the technical questions.

12
00:02:19.000 --> 00:02:32.000
I'll get into this into the project itself. So in this project we really wanted to understand how people in China think about nuclear energy in particularly in relation to climate change, right?

13
00:02:32.000 --> 00:02:44.000
So the research question that we we started out with was how is nuclear energy discussed on wave war? And Whiteboard is the Twitter of China for those of you who are not familiar.

14
00:02:44.000 --> 00:02:56.000
And sort of the related question is if there is a strong link with the way you energy is discussed. With climate change.

15
00:02:56.000 --> 00:03:07.000
So this is our data collection process.

16
00:03:07.000 --> 00:03:27.000
And yes, there's one more here. So we basically did first, we collected or rather easy collected a large coppers of whiteboard posts from January, what was it, January, 2,015 to January, 2,021.

17
00:03:27.000 --> 00:03:47.000
That was the time frame of that project. And then we did a search of keywords, her non-hardia, which is nuclear energy and nuclear power to reduce the number of posts within our corpus to only those that had that had some mention of nuclear energy and nuclear power and then we cleaned the data set to include

18
00:03:47.000 --> 00:04:05.000
only the original posts or there was no repos in our data set. And at the end of that first round of cleaning, we got a number of 130 more than 100 3,000 500,000 posts.

19
00:04:05.000 --> 00:04:21.000
And then we remove the spam posts and did a number of preprocessing steps in order to come down to the the final number of tweets that we post the wayboard posts that we had.

20
00:04:21.000 --> 00:04:24.000
So.

21
00:04:24.000 --> 00:04:33.000
That there were 2 main components to the analysis that we ran. First we did a structural topical modeling.

22
00:04:33.000 --> 00:04:46.000
To see what people were talking about. Using talking about in relation to nuclear energy using a machine learning algorithm.

23
00:04:46.000 --> 00:04:49.000
Which basically what what that means is What? I don't know how many topic modeling experts they are.

24
00:04:49.000 --> 00:05:03.000
I'm not an expert. So this is my very weak attempt at simplifying the process. So basically we have our data coppice, which is the collection of documents.

25
00:05:03.000 --> 00:05:08.000
We feed it into this big black box, which is the algorithm, and then it generates a list of topics.

26
00:05:08.000 --> 00:05:20.000
It sort of like identifies a list of topics and the topics are created based on a class of words.

27
00:05:20.000 --> 00:05:40.000
Then what the computer then does is also it pull it creates a distribution of topics based on how frequent those cluster of words up here so I'll go a little bit more into that later when we discuss the results.

28
00:05:40.000 --> 00:05:50.000
And then we also ran top the topic network analysis to see how the topics relate to each other. And yeah, that's.

29
00:05:50.000 --> 00:05:55.000
Basically the summary of what we did.

30
00:05:55.000 --> 00:06:04.000
So this is a very difficult to see summary of our findings but I will go into it a little bit more later.

31
00:06:04.000 --> 00:06:21.000
So in at the end of that the 2 steps of analysis that we did we detected 80 topics in relation to nuclear energy and then what we did is we manually interpreted and labeled each topic each of the 80 topics based on their high probability keywords and example posts.

32
00:06:21.000 --> 00:06:35.000
What this means is that so the We went through each of these 80 topics and we went and looked at the keywords that constituted the topic.

33
00:06:35.000 --> 00:06:59.000
So, easy did her own interpretation and labeling of the topics I did mine so we both did it separately and then we came together to go through each of our labeling to try and then see if there were similarities or differences and if there were differences we would then discuss what would be a more appropriate.

34
00:06:59.000 --> 00:07:06.000
A label for the particular topic. So both EC and I, well, EC is a native Chinese speaker.

35
00:07:06.000 --> 00:07:20.000
I am Mandarin is a second language for me, so that's why I think some of the discrepancies or the differences in the labeling came from that language.

36
00:07:20.000 --> 00:07:32.000
My lack of Chinese capacity. Yeah, so.

37
00:07:32.000 --> 00:07:44.000
Then, so this is the topic this distribution. That we had after we did the interpretation and labeling, right?

38
00:07:44.000 --> 00:07:51.000
So I will go into this. I know it's difficult to see but I will kind of highlight some of the key points here.

39
00:07:51.000 --> 00:08:13.000
So you see that there's a lot of, a number of topics are not particularly meaningful, like to do with a stock market to do with Generation 3 nuclear power plants, but we found other interesting stuff right so but just to let you know to explain a little bit of how we came to the particular labels.

40
00:08:13.000 --> 00:08:22.000
So if for topic 29 for example the can you see my arrow on the screen Do they see my arrow?

41
00:08:22.000 --> 00:08:33.000
Oh yeah. So these are the key words that the cluster of words that made up this. Particular topic.

42
00:08:33.000 --> 00:08:46.000
So yeah, this is just a illustrate how we we came about these topics and then if you yeah if you clicked on each of these keywords.

43
00:08:46.000 --> 00:09:01.000
You could then pull out the posts that these keywords were used so that you have an better contextual understanding of what those words meant or how they were used in that particular post.

44
00:09:01.000 --> 00:09:12.000
So yeah, these are just some examples. So,

45
00:09:12.000 --> 00:09:24.000
All right, so we were when we started out this project we wanted to find out how people were talking about Nuclear energy in relation to climate change.

46
00:09:24.000 --> 00:09:38.000
But what we found instead was that there was very little mention of climate change at all. And in fact, the most dominant topics.

47
00:09:38.000 --> 00:09:59.000
Was more related to nationalism. And techno optimism topics that that had a lot of technical optimism embedded in them and also finance related topics and and also finance-related topics and the finance one was a bit surprising for us.

48
00:09:59.000 --> 00:10:03.000
And also finance-related topics and the finance one was a bit surprising for us. We were not expecting any relationship with finance one was a bit surprising for us.

49
00:10:03.000 --> 00:10:06.000
We were not expecting any relationship with finance but it was a bit surprising for us. We were not expecting any relationship with finance. We were not expecting any relationship with finance.

50
00:10:06.000 --> 00:10:12.000
But apparently in Whipboard, this finance was a very frequent topic with finance. But apparently in Whiteboard this finance was a very frequent topic that came up and was also quite a dominant one.

51
00:10:12.000 --> 00:10:42.000
So the red lines are just some of the topics. That sort of reflect the nationalistic topics, so technological nationalism in relation to exporting of Chinese technology overseas and an important interesting thing to note you know some of you may be familiar that China has one about one road initiative which is very is a very big policy that represents China's global

52
00:10:44.000 --> 00:10:59.000
ambitions to export technology. Chinese technology to the world, but when we looked at how the posts were talking about export of Chinese nuclear technology overseas.

53
00:10:59.000 --> 00:11:09.000
Most of them were talking about Chinese export to Europe and to the western part of the world. So it didn't really have a very Yeah, I didn't the BR, the one.

54
00:11:09.000 --> 00:11:21.000
About one road initiative, as far as I remember, was not one of those other associated co-occurring topics that we found.

55
00:11:21.000 --> 00:11:24.000
How's it in 5 min?

56
00:11:24.000 --> 00:11:28.000
Okay, alright, but I'm as a chair. I think I'm maybe allowed some more time.

57
00:11:28.000 --> 00:11:34.000
No, I'm maybe allowed some more time, no? No, I'm joking. All right, so I'll go I'll go through it.

58
00:11:34.000 --> 00:11:55.000
So these are the quotes on the side are just some examples that when you clicked on some of the keywords that were constituted topic 60 for example these are the quotes that give us an idea of what that topic is about and what the key words were about that helped to inform our labeling of that topic.

59
00:11:55.000 --> 00:12:01.000
So now I'll go quickly to the network analysis.

60
00:12:01.000 --> 00:12:10.000
So we wanted to see how the different topics relate to each other and so the computer sort of generated, what was it?

61
00:12:10.000 --> 00:12:25.000
5 main groups of topics that are classed around the different colors. So the light green topics on your right side were topics more related to finance and then the stock market.

62
00:12:25.000 --> 00:12:38.000
The blue topics were just top just related to new nuclear power plants. So not particularly meaningful. And then the red topics are red or pink.

63
00:12:38.000 --> 00:12:59.000
It looks pink to me, but I might be a bit colorbine. So those topics were related more to national development and then the yellow topics were related to conflict and cooperation and the green dark green topics were more related to energy and electricity.

64
00:12:59.000 --> 00:13:11.000
The purple topics were a little bit undetermined because they were a bit random so we didn't put any particular label on them.

65
00:13:11.000 --> 00:13:32.000
Okay, so there were a few interesting things to take away from this very chaotic picture. So the first thing that we found was So, so one thing I forgot to mention at the first slide with all the 80 topics that ranked the first slide with all the 80 topics that ranked the dominance of the topics.

66
00:13:32.000 --> 00:13:43.000
The climate-related topics were we knew a renewable power generation, clean energy, and green growth. So the 3 arrows.

67
00:13:43.000 --> 00:13:44.000
Oh, do you see the 3 arrow? Yeah, the 3 errors that are on the screen right now.

68
00:13:44.000 --> 00:14:06.000
So they were not very dominant. They were somewhere in the middle to the bottom. But when we ran the network analysis, what became quite clear was that they were even though there were relatively small topics they were very central topics.

69
00:14:06.000 --> 00:14:22.000
So they were being discussed in relation to, they were quite central topics when people talked about energy. And when people talked about national development.

70
00:14:22.000 --> 00:14:25.000
Then the other thing

71
00:14:25.000 --> 00:14:35.000
The other thing we found was so so the other Arrows so Nash technological national nationalism in relation to innovation in relation to export in relation to leadership and nuclear energy.

72
00:14:35.000 --> 00:15:05.000
Those topics, what we identified as nationalism topics, they were all they were also spread across all the different topic communities which means that nationalism was a topic that's embedded in pretty much every way that people talked about nuclear energy in the Weibo posts.

73
00:15:12.000 --> 00:15:21.000
Okay, so I am left with 1 min, so I'll just Talk about key takeaways, very weak association.

74
00:15:21.000 --> 00:15:22.000
Of so basically, it's a very weak association. So basically, Al Qaeda ways where that was a very weak association of nuclear energy with climate change.

75
00:15:22.000 --> 00:15:39.000
That was a very weak association of nuclear energy with climate change. Climate related topics were not very large, but they were quite central topics in nuclear energy with climate change.

76
00:15:39.000 --> 00:15:44.000
Climate change, climate change. Climate-related topics were not very large, but they were quite central topics in the broader network.

77
00:15:44.000 --> 00:16:14.000
Technological nationalism was and nuclear energy represents technology of nationalistic nationalist importance which is very which says a lot about the social imaginary of nuclear energy and that has implications for the way people think about nuclear risk and it explains a lot and I see a lot of similarities with my earlier work in India where because of the nationalistic value of

78
00:16:15.000 --> 00:16:36.000
nuclear energy, the risks, the technical risks of nuclear far outweighs. It becomes less important compared to the nationalistic value that it gives to the country.

79
00:16:36.000 --> 00:16:43.000
Thank you, Katherine. I was. Right, man's presentation, especially the conclusion. I enjoyed them very much.

80
00:16:43.000 --> 00:17:13.000
We take questions at the end. So to guarantee that everybody's going. The 15 min so now we have, Hey, with a presentation on how does the process of extended urbanization incorporate a remote island, a case study of Now Shima Island in Japan.

81
00:18:02.000 --> 00:18:12.000
Okay. I will now begin my presentation. My name is Rihanna Tari from Nawal City University.

82
00:18:12.000 --> 00:18:19.000
In this presentation I will examine the role played by a remote island in Japan. Referring to the salary of planetary urbanization.

83
00:18:19.000 --> 00:18:36.000
That has been developed in recent years. The island I will focus on its called Nazima. Now Shima is known for known for its kappa smelting pot brand.

84
00:18:36.000 --> 00:18:57.000
Currently, it is also known as the site of the Satoshi International Auto Festival, this is Japan.

85
00:18:57.000 --> 00:19:04.000
So, Nozima is a remote island in Japan. Located in the sea called the Seto Iron Sea.

86
00:19:04.000 --> 00:19:25.000
I have been investigating Nazima and the neighboring island of Tesla. This is known as the island where the illegal dumping of industrial waste or card

87
00:19:25.000 --> 00:19:34.000
So this is another map about nowzima and Tesima.

88
00:19:34.000 --> 00:19:39.000
Oh, I'm sorry.

89
00:19:39.000 --> 00:19:45.000
So, this is.

90
00:19:45.000 --> 00:19:58.000
And this is a bad I view of Nazima. Mitsubishi material is located in the northern part of the island.

91
00:19:58.000 --> 00:20:07.000
This picture shows the high density of development in the northern part of the island and the loss of vegetation.

92
00:20:07.000 --> 00:20:13.000
In the surrounding area.

93
00:20:13.000 --> 00:20:27.000
Since, 1, 19, s an education-related company called Benesit has been involved in tourism based on contemporary art.

94
00:20:27.000 --> 00:20:36.000
Here is another photo of AD of Nazima.

95
00:20:36.000 --> 00:20:40.000
So in this presentation, I'd like to examine the history of Nalshima's development based on the parameter in my salary.

96
00:20:40.000 --> 00:20:53.000
Whether Nozima or its neighbor Tesla, we need to consider how the commodification of nature, production of nature, extro, and operational landscape on these runs.

97
00:20:53.000 --> 00:21:22.000
A link to the planetary scale. It is also necessary not only to look at cases from the perspective of planetary augmentation but also to examine empirically what kind of relationship actually established.

98
00:21:22.000 --> 00:21:29.000
So, I have been conducting research on Teshima and Noshima as well as on planetary urbanization.

99
00:21:29.000 --> 00:21:41.000
However, the 2 studies have not yet been successful linked. I'm sorry. In this presentation, I cannot say that I have succeeded in linking the 2 studies.

100
00:21:41.000 --> 00:21:50.000
But for discussing the law that now Sima Tesima and other remote irons pray on planetary scale, theoretical examination will also be necessary.

101
00:21:50.000 --> 00:21:55.000
In this presentation, I like to present an attempt to press an OSma Kappa smarting project in the promontory scale.

102
00:21:55.000 --> 00:22:03.000
Geography of extraction.

103
00:22:03.000 --> 00:22:10.000
So, oh. Cappa Smarting at Nozima, Mitsubishi.

104
00:22:10.000 --> 00:22:24.000
Oh, I'm sorry. A personal thing at Nozima Mitsubishi. Materials, theory imports kappa concentrates as raw materials from TV and other countries.

105
00:22:24.000 --> 00:22:32.000
We need to recognize that Mitsubishi now Shima is an important actor who predatories scare kappa rosy sticks.

106
00:22:32.000 --> 00:22:45.000
Based on this purpose and interests are Borida book is a very good previous study.

107
00:22:45.000 --> 00:22:52.000
So, how saying can, avoid that planetary mine story eliminate the case of Nausima?

108
00:22:52.000 --> 00:23:01.000
Based on Alberta's argument, it seems possible to understand Nozima as part of an integrated rosy system.

109
00:23:01.000 --> 00:23:10.000
The mining space is not confined to a human mining area in Chile. It is necessary to recognize that the mining space include Nausima.

110
00:23:10.000 --> 00:23:27.000
The site of Furthermore, la, la, la, la, la, la, and celery Oprahinetari ma has the prospect of criticising the extraction of layer metals from Ava mines.

111
00:23:27.000 --> 00:23:37.000
Composed of electric wastes and describe the station in which mining coal mine is bringing the territoryitorial rights.

112
00:23:37.000 --> 00:23:45.000
Mitrizin Osima is also known as the Center for Metal Extraction from our minds is also known as the Center for Metal Extraction from our minds.

113
00:23:45.000 --> 00:23:59.000
And the entire planet becomes overnight and state mind. Ethereum it will be necessary to examine the role of Ireland in the planetary mind process.

114
00:23:59.000 --> 00:24:09.000
So there are some photos of Mitsubishi now Zima.

115
00:24:09.000 --> 00:24:19.000
Oh, I'm a Sorry.

116
00:24:19.000 --> 00:24:30.000
So how how to How to use how to how to buck through strikes. Is that there? Okay.

117
00:24:30.000 --> 00:24:35.000
I'm sorry.

118
00:24:35.000 --> 00:24:41.000
So next right, it's

119
00:24:41.000 --> 00:24:52.000
In this section we will give you the history of Nozima as a town where regional development has been constrained by a single heavy industry.

120
00:24:52.000 --> 00:25:09.000
With the outbreak of rust while the wall.

121
00:25:09.000 --> 00:25:24.000
Japan's export industry became active and the shipping and shipbuilding industries developed. Kappa and Aya roads were especially important for complex assembly industries such as ship building.

122
00:25:24.000 --> 00:25:35.000
Against this background, kappa production in Japan and the podium of a kappa mine in Mitsubishi metal mines increased.

123
00:25:35.000 --> 00:25:50.000
Next, we are examining the small pollution problem in Nozima. At the same time, it's busy while facing pollution problems related to smoke and water pollution from other mines in Japan.

124
00:25:50.000 --> 00:25:59.000
In addition, when Smelter was set up at the Oklahoma mine and deserved aation but to be set aside in advance to compensate for smoke pollution.

125
00:25:59.000 --> 00:26:13.000
This suggests that they want to build Smelter or Nozima but based on the fact that smoke pollution would occur as a result of the smelters operation.

126
00:26:13.000 --> 00:26:35.000
In other words, the company knew or recognized the small pollution of U. But since it chose to survive at a town of Mitsubishi, the local community would accept the smoke pollution by compensating for it.

127
00:26:35.000 --> 00:26:47.000
In 1,967 the idea of relocating to Onahama Kushima Prefecture was floated as part of Minsky's Metal Mining its plan to build a new smelter.

128
00:26:47.000 --> 00:26:55.000
The but the labor union in Nozima was able to abide with Rava from Nazima.

129
00:26:55.000 --> 00:27:14.000
Accepting for conditional conditions or business rationalization. Or followed by the Mitsubishi. Including operation of a new facility with the current workforce.

130
00:27:14.000 --> 00:27:24.000
Despite the decision to keep the Smeta on Nazima, the domestic situation surrounding the kappa mining industry was severe in Japan.

131
00:27:24.000 --> 00:27:35.000
In this presentation we would like to examine the reasons for this in 3 categories. The first was the closure of copper mines due to the depression of kappa and the liberalization of imports from overseas.

132
00:27:35.000 --> 00:28:05.000
The second was downsizing of kappa mines. For today to personal cutbacks as an organization and the labor management conflicts.

133
00:28:08.000 --> 00:28:09.000
Yeah, you go 5 min to go. Thank you.

134
00:28:09.000 --> 00:28:16.000
The start was social movements on pollution issues in Japan in the 19 seventies. In response to the difficult domestic situation, CAPA development seems to have been expanding outside of outside Okay, so

135
00:28:16.000 --> 00:28:40.000
Okay, in, next, right? In the late 1970 The fast oil crisis led to stagnation in mind development and the streets over Japanese with growers from overseas mine development and from the 19 nineties imports of ORA through capital participation increased again.

136
00:28:40.000 --> 00:28:47.000
It was not until at the end of the 1,980, s where the world economy turned toward expansion and known Paris metal market began to ride.

137
00:28:47.000 --> 00:28:54.000
That knew my expansion behind in honest worldwide.

138
00:28:54.000 --> 00:29:00.000
So

139
00:29:00.000 --> 00:29:16.000
So. I remove 24, I'm sorry. Now, smats, couple's meta were rationalized domestically and expanded over seeds.

140
00:29:16.000 --> 00:29:21.000
In the 1,990, s the national capital's Meta found a way to take advantage of recycling technology.

141
00:29:21.000 --> 00:29:35.000
And since 2,000 it has been involved in the process of Tessa West Disposal project.

142
00:29:35.000 --> 00:29:44.000
Out of 2,012, to Vero, Mitsubishi Nashima was sipping 40 tons of gold annually.

143
00:29:44.000 --> 00:29:49.000
About our mind in Alzheimer's. The main product or at Nozima it's kappa.

144
00:29:49.000 --> 00:30:00.000
And only it's imported from pay to TV and other foreign countries. Gold and silver are contained in the MUDI substance produced in the process.

145
00:30:00.000 --> 00:30:15.000
There is also the casting. If it's gold products are melted down to make new gold nuggets and recycling from God contain the discarded irrational rectory car items and other items.

146
00:30:15.000 --> 00:30:25.000
Okay, conclusion. So

147
00:30:25.000 --> 00:30:36.000
Let's return to the original question, namely how will now sima a remote island region be incorporated into the extraction mining road sticks.

148
00:30:36.000 --> 00:30:48.000
In conclusion, Icma is to be positioned as part of a planetary mind. It can be positioned in terms of kappa ore imports and mine it can be positioned in terms of copper oil imports and other mining aspects.

149
00:30:48.000 --> 00:30:51.000
However, the progress of biological mining as well as informatisation and sterilization is unknown at this time.

150
00:30:51.000 --> 00:31:06.000
I'm sorry. So, let's say it's a case study of the remote island region has gained more and more contemporary significance.

151
00:31:06.000 --> 00:31:17.000
And the, the Elena of Fronti Abernization has been opened. Are opened up.

152
00:31:17.000 --> 00:31:25.000
Opened up whole discussion. What kind of a new series will be possible to reform after dipping case studies in the future.

153
00:31:25.000 --> 00:31:32.000
I'd like to continue thinking about this issue.

154
00:31:32.000 --> 00:31:58.000
So last's right. In the future, I'd like to examine that the point that Mitsubishi and Osima, recruited workers from the Korean during the Second World War and continuity of state great industrial development in the process of modernization and that examination of whether indigenous development at Termi

155
00:31:58.000 --> 00:32:17.000
Kazakh was possible with the art without heavy industry such as refineries. So I intend criticize or modernization includes ecological modernization from the perspective on ingenious development.

156
00:32:17.000 --> 00:32:20.000
So thank you listening.

157
00:32:20.000 --> 00:32:33.000
And Gary for the interesting presentation. We are looking forward to asking you a few questions during the the question, the session for the question.

158
00:32:33.000 --> 00:32:47.000
So now, Sara.

159
00:32:47.000 --> 00:32:51.000
Set up past oh 7 on my clock. Okay.

160
00:32:51.000 --> 00:32:57.000
Perfect. I will put my time too. Thank you.

161
00:32:57.000 --> 00:33:07.000
Good morning everyone. I am Saddam Hussein. I am from Colombia but I'm studying my PhD here at the University of Queensland in Australia.

162
00:33:07.000 --> 00:33:18.000
Today I'm going to present what I name Latin America. And Digenous people and green extractivism are challenged relation.

163
00:33:18.000 --> 00:33:33.000
Since the economic crisis of 2,008 the discourse promoted by international political organization for climate change mitigation within the paradigm of sustainable change mitigation within the paradigm of sustainable development became closely tied to economic development became closely tied to economic processes.

164
00:33:33.000 --> 00:33:43.000
As a result, 2 key concepts. I emerged green growth and green economy. They were very tied to the institutional and economic narratives.

165
00:33:43.000 --> 00:34:08.000
Policies, guidelines related to climate change. Within in their green economy, sorry, grow in the green economy is economic development mainly materialized through a technological energy transition that is based on changing the source of energy production from fossil fuels based energy system to non-fossil fuels energy systems or renewable energies.

166
00:34:08.000 --> 00:34:29.000
But as well as the change of technologies. Within the current energy transition, the energy produced by non-fossil field energy sources is called clean or green energy because it is considered to have 0 or minimal environmental impact.

167
00:34:29.000 --> 00:34:43.000
Therefore, sustainable development as conceived in the international political agenda is based on the belief that the solution to the current environmental and economic crisis lies in the promotion of green economic growth.

168
00:34:43.000 --> 00:34:59.000
But at the same time, indigenous people question and challenge the discourse and policies of sustainable development proposed by international organization, especially because of the contradiction observed in their territories.

169
00:34:59.000 --> 00:35:18.000
Despite the apparent need to preserve indigenous territories. For the ecosystem, indigenous people have alert impacts by the commodification of nature that continues to be carried out in the name of the sustaining sustainable economic growth and solutions to climate change.

170
00:35:18.000 --> 00:35:31.000
This occurs because green energies continue to depend on the extraction of natural resources for construction operation and utilization of new technology.

171
00:35:31.000 --> 00:35:42.000
According to political ecologist Astrid Tujawa, the energy transition is still tied to an extractive it model that prioritized profit over nature.

172
00:35:42.000 --> 00:36:02.000
The current international policies utilized profit and also green economy are drivers of the expanding constructive frontier. Clean and energy renewables are subject to conventional abstractivist dynamic but loaded with a green ethos.

173
00:36:02.000 --> 00:36:15.000
Green distractivism is how I and others refer to the attractive dynamics associated with green energy. I define green extractivism.

174
00:36:15.000 --> 00:36:35.000
As a multi scalar logic and practice justify in international sustainable development policies. It responds to the needs of capital but changing legal and political systems at national and international levels and in Sorry.

175
00:36:35.000 --> 00:36:52.000
And having implications in the social ecological and pollutious fields is fear. It reflects the fact that capitalism and climate change are produced and experienced in and at multiple sites and scales.

176
00:36:52.000 --> 00:37:04.000
Today I will presenting some of the preliminary findings of one of the components of my PhD research. The research is focused on 2 case studies.

177
00:37:04.000 --> 00:37:16.000
Whose activities are associated with green distractivism and are carried out in indigenous territories. One case study is the case study in Chile.

178
00:37:16.000 --> 00:37:22.000
There is lithium instruction in the Saladea Takama that is located in the Antofagasta region.

179
00:37:22.000 --> 00:37:28.000
I in this part of the indigenous territory claimed by the Lincoln and Thai and Thaka Menu people.

180
00:37:28.000 --> 00:37:36.000
And the other case study. Is the photovoltaic energy projects in Sierra Noas and Tamara.

181
00:37:36.000 --> 00:37:50.000
Columbia that is the ancestor territory of the indigenous Koki Iwako Wewa and Kankamas people or the 4 indigenous people of Las

182
00:37:50.000 --> 00:38:07.000
So today I will be focusing on how the Lincoln and Thai indigenous people and the 4 indigenous people, Lassie Renewala, questioned or challenged the logic of green extractivism.

183
00:38:07.000 --> 00:38:13.000
So one of the critical minerals that have been gaining notoriety in the last decade is lithium.

184
00:38:13.000 --> 00:38:32.000
It is used in the green technology has increased the exploitation of the Chilean flats that are estimated to hold 9.2 million of the 25 tonnes, 21 million tons of the lithium reserves in the world.

185
00:38:32.000 --> 00:38:41.000
Monks of the lithium is located in the Salati at Takama that is one of the driest places on earth.

186
00:38:41.000 --> 00:38:47.000
And it's also the ancestral territory of the Lincoln and Thai or at Takamanos communities.

187
00:38:47.000 --> 00:38:53.000
They are represented by the Council of the Taca Menu people since 1,994.

188
00:38:53.000 --> 00:39:09.000
That's when was established legally the council. The lithium in the cellar has been exploded for more than 30 years and is currently done by mining companies Albemarle that is Australian and SQM.

189
00:39:09.000 --> 00:39:23.000
The relationship of the Tacomaia people with the development paradigm in the Salah is long and complex and influence the close ignorant and inevitable relationship that communities have with their territory.

190
00:39:23.000 --> 00:39:40.000
According to current analysis of the impact of lithium distractivism, lithium mining has not only reconfigured, exist and territorialities in the salar but also imposed So social, environmental and economic burdens and risk to the host local communities.

191
00:39:40.000 --> 00:39:59.000
And bring into focus the national structural inequality. However, the Lincoln and anti-indigenous people challenge the move to scholar logic of brain extractivism by exercising their agency in response to the green economy.

192
00:39:59.000 --> 00:40:24.000
Neither aligning with the typical indigenous resistance to mining nor unquestioning accepting its terms. As the Cameno in Cananti indigenous people processes extensive knowledge of the industry I have endeavored to integrate themselves into newer forms of have endeavored to integrate themselves into newer forms of extractivism by

193
00:40:24.000 --> 00:40:36.000
engaging themselves into newer forms of extractivism by engaging in agreement making with lithium companies. One example is their pursuit of what is called development benefits through negotiation in some cases.

194
00:40:36.000 --> 00:40:49.000
They have been pushing the companies to sit down and discuss the matter. Agreements can be used by community leaders to address environmental issues with company and receive also benefits.

195
00:40:49.000 --> 00:41:02.000
Especially given that lithium mining in the Salah were established and operating prior to legislation allowing community participation and also the legal constitution of the council.

196
00:41:02.000 --> 00:41:12.000
But at the same time, Lincoln and Thai people challenged the movie scalar logic of green extractivism by continually expressed concern.

197
00:41:12.000 --> 00:41:28.000
A in the face of destructivist harms. The Lincoln Anti-communities have publicly insisted on the limits of this arrangement and there is a consistent demand to be involved in the decision-making about their territory and the natural resources.

198
00:41:28.000 --> 00:41:55.000
They have done it. They have done so through social political manifestation such as protests or public attainment, but also They use legal mechanisms such as the formal request for prior consultation, also the indigenous community appeals to environmental impact assessment processes and lawsuits against company in the environmental court.

199
00:41:55.000 --> 00:42:03.000
But the distractive is logic in Desala are challenged mainly by the indigenous worldview and ancestral knowledge of these outflats.

200
00:42:03.000 --> 00:42:08.000
The Lincoln and Thai people are linked to the territory and ecosystems but mainly to water.

201
00:42:08.000 --> 00:42:24.000
And have managed this element and its scarcity for millennia. To the complex system of them in irrigation and water harvesting in wetlands to the point that their rituals and cultures revolve around water.

202
00:42:24.000 --> 00:42:31.000
For the Lincoln and Thai, the world begins and continues as a whole. The elements are not perceived separately.

203
00:42:31.000 --> 00:42:39.000
Then in the South Lads as a single unit and a source of life, cannot be separate from other elements.

204
00:42:39.000 --> 00:42:40.000
5 min.

205
00:42:40.000 --> 00:42:46.000
The Council of Canada. Thank you. The Council of the Ataca Menu people using resources from the benefits negotiated with mining company and hasn't a special environmental unit.

206
00:42:46.000 --> 00:43:06.000
It hasn't a special environmental unit that allows them to understand the dynamic of that allows them to understand the dynamic of destructive process with an ancestral The unit produces studies and analysis of indigenous knowledge articulated on the same level as the Western science.

207
00:43:06.000 --> 00:43:16.000
It is from this intersection that the defense of the South Labs has been positioning.

208
00:43:16.000 --> 00:43:30.000
On the other hand, one of the biggest bets for the energy transition is a production of energy from sunlight through the larger solar panels that produce photoelectric effect.

209
00:43:30.000 --> 00:43:42.000
Such projects have recently arrived in the Sierra Leone Santa Mara in the northern region of Columbia, which is the ancestral territory of Kogei, Arwako Wewa and Kangamo peoples.

210
00:43:42.000 --> 00:43:54.000
There are 4 independent indigenous nations that inhabit distant parts of La Sierra. And in 1,999 the 4 people of La Sierra created the territorial council of Kavindos or CTC.

211
00:43:54.000 --> 00:44:10.000
A political instance and space that unified the 4 peoples. The CDC is the only spokesperson in the dialogue with the state, another actors regarding issues that affect all the communities or the general territory of La Sierra.

212
00:44:10.000 --> 00:44:27.000
Due to the constant threat to their territories, including economic activities such as distractivism, the CDC has gained strength and is now recognized as a prominent political actor government to government in the government government interaction over the past decade.

213
00:44:27.000 --> 00:44:39.000
This strengthening has been happening at the same time with their approach of different companies to the government and communities to carry out photovoltaic projects in Azerbaijan.

214
00:44:39.000 --> 00:44:45.000
Granthly, 3 projects has been licensed since 2,018 with others in planning stage.

215
00:44:45.000 --> 00:44:56.000
One project has already under undergone prime consultation but not yet be license. However, there are no projects in operation yet.

216
00:44:56.000 --> 00:45:08.000
But to the current government political program is expected in the coming years to have significant search in the approval and execution of solar and photo-type projects in Asiya.

217
00:45:08.000 --> 00:45:23.000
The 4 people, the 4 people of La Sierra in full exercise of their agency have accepted the development of soul photovoltaic projects in their territory that are not yet in operation.

218
00:45:23.000 --> 00:45:34.000
This acceptance has arisen after prior consultation processes. The 4 people of La Sierra just like the Utah Comedians, Arctic many indigenous people do not entirely oppose energy transition projects in their territory.

219
00:45:34.000 --> 00:45:47.000
However, they challenged the green constructivist logic using their knowledge, aitorial unity and their own normative systems.

220
00:45:47.000 --> 00:45:59.000
One of the most significant challenges of the constructive logic is to conceive the territory as a living subject. And the sun as an essential element rather than a resource.

221
00:45:59.000 --> 00:46:19.000
Everything that integrates the territory has life. The territory besides being a physical and tangible space according to them is a web of interconnection and separate places that extend to a whole world on a material and spiritual level.

222
00:46:19.000 --> 00:46:29.000
Now Madouinsta. That is the solar energy is a living and collective subject that sustained life on earth and maintain its balance.

223
00:46:29.000 --> 00:46:40.000
The capture of Mamma Noinsa has adverse effects that in mind that if they are miners can be mitigated through pagamantos or rituals.

224
00:46:40.000 --> 00:46:51.000
However, when significantly past, of course, including those from cultural and spiritual perspective, a planetary imbalance arise and humanity suffers similar consequences as today.

225
00:46:51.000 --> 00:46:57.000
For indigenous communities is not about compensation, it's about conservation.

226
00:46:57.000 --> 00:47:08.000
Another great challenge, and I'm about to conclude. Is the indigenous autonomy and the indigenous unity.

227
00:47:08.000 --> 00:47:18.000
The indigenous people of La Sierra recognize themselves as an autonomous and governed themselves within their ancestral treasury using a system known as a law of a region.

228
00:47:18.000 --> 00:47:33.000
This is a philosophy and a set of collective norms that constitute the cultural guidelines and procedures that orient and determine the social cultural and territorial order from a spiritual order from a spiritual material perspective.

229
00:47:33.000 --> 00:47:46.000
Under the law of origin, the 4 people of La Sierra are currently independent nation but they They come together from the same route.

230
00:47:46.000 --> 00:47:58.000
And they are the 4 pillars of a common table. Therefore, they work and negotiate together as one to defense and safeguard their territory.

231
00:47:58.000 --> 00:48:11.000
This challenge a logic that divide fractures individualized and commodifies communities and territories.

232
00:48:11.000 --> 00:48:12.000
So you have 1 min to complete please. Thank you.

233
00:48:12.000 --> 00:48:34.000
As an indigenous peoples, Yeah. As an indigenous people of Lacira coexist with 2 normative systems, what they do is they combine the Colombian state law with the law of a region and using the Colombian instruments but they are fulfilled with the content of the law of a region.

234
00:48:34.000 --> 00:48:49.000
One example of this is that when they are negotiating with the government, they request to follow the principles that they are mandate but a normalty system whose source is not the state.

235
00:48:49.000 --> 00:48:56.000
To conclude, it is important to note that the global effort

236
00:48:56.000 --> 00:49:12.000
To address climate change, particularly through transition to renewable energy sources, still rely on a destructive approach that build nature as a commodity and continues modifying most of spirituality, culture, identity, environment and local economies.

237
00:49:12.000 --> 00:49:30.000
However, green effectivism activities in Indigenous territory as part of the implementation of national and global sustainable development policies are challenged and shaped by the demands of indigenous communities for self-determination, self-waze of living.

238
00:49:30.000 --> 00:49:37.000
Their relationship with nature and their territory and their own conception of law. Thank you very much.

239
00:49:37.000 --> 00:49:53.000
Thank you, Now we have to reshadow and we have because Kokan is now here.

240
00:49:53.000 --> 00:50:03.000
We're in the room. So now we have the presentation bounce. This course is an ecology in neoliberal India.

241
00:50:03.000 --> 00:50:10.000
Thank you.

242
00:50:10.000 --> 00:50:25.000
Is this final? Do I need to connect? You've updated since. It's not too far.

243
00:50:25.000 --> 00:50:35.000
Good morning to all of your professor. And my friends. It's my pleasure to present my work which are still in progress.

244
00:50:35.000 --> 00:50:53.000
With follows on damn discourse and ecology in neoliberal. India. So the study begins with arguments of that most of the literature on hydropower are focusing on the rising number of dumb buildings, increasing number of down buildings and is.

245
00:50:53.000 --> 00:51:02.000
Resulting in effects on social and ecological constants. So in the neoliberal terms. So most of the literature focus on that aspect.

246
00:51:02.000 --> 00:51:11.000
That's for example, there are various literature on the rise of corporate capitalism. The private essence and commodifications of water resources before the neoliberal turn and after you know with the advent of the new.

247
00:51:11.000 --> 00:51:36.000
So there has been a plenty number of literatures on the rise of dumb buildings. So in response to this literature, the city focused on the on the on the sifting political attitudes of the governments against dams how the government's agencies oppose the dams.

248
00:51:36.000 --> 00:51:54.000
In most cases, the activist civil societies oppose dams. So in the context of this studies, so I'm trying to make an attempt to understand how the girlfriend is in this environmental ministries and some state actors, government actors, they try to campaign against the building of dams, particularly on the ecological

249
00:51:54.000 --> 00:52:09.000
ground. So to substantive this arguments, so I employed the discourse collision framework of hazards to understand the different storyline like the program storyline and damp storyline in the context of.

250
00:52:09.000 --> 00:52:18.000
India, buried for India, which is the northern part of India. So,

251
00:52:18.000 --> 00:52:29.000
For this literacy we can see the global rice rise and force of dumb buildings. These are the distributions of large stamp in the features.

252
00:52:29.000 --> 00:52:42.000
And we can see from this maps. That the developed economies constructed new stamps. So in this map we did not see much stamp in the developed economies like the United States.

253
00:52:42.000 --> 00:52:54.000
So these are the maps of the future of large stem in which they once constructed large stem under the starting from the Franklin Durus bill governments like the establishment of tennis have early authorities and all these things.

254
00:52:54.000 --> 00:53:09.000
So they completed very stem projects in the Nation building process. And later on on the ground of ecological ground that is dismantled and completed the era of large- buildings.

255
00:53:09.000 --> 00:53:20.000
So they adopted river resource and policies in most developed economies. Until 1,975 except Japan and the spin continue to plant more dams.

256
00:53:20.000 --> 00:53:26.000
So interesting way, and it robbed them, you know, what's an in-depth economies.

257
00:53:26.000 --> 00:53:35.000
And concurrently a new era of jam began in the post-colonial developing world's like as for example the India and Karwal countries.

258
00:53:35.000 --> 00:53:47.000
So a very large scale number of dams has been commissioned by Neston builders like a Nasser of Egypt and Zawal Naru of India.

259
00:53:47.000 --> 00:53:51.000
So they considered dance as a temple of modern India and dance is a power of symbols, you know, nested bright predatorisms, etc.

260
00:53:51.000 --> 00:54:03.000
Extra. It's just a way they completed a large number of dams in the NASA building process.

261
00:54:03.000 --> 00:54:17.000
As for example in India the first prime ministers are all Nairobi builds the Bahrain Agle Dumps in the Himalayas and the Terryi Dumps, Heroa Dam and even launched the Saddam Hussein of them projects in Gos.

262
00:54:17.000 --> 00:54:24.000
Naranam projects in Goose Rots. Naramadam projects in goose rats.

263
00:54:24.000 --> 00:54:29.000
Lost MISS, LINE, the foundations stone of these numbereding products in Western India.

264
00:54:29.000 --> 00:54:45.000
In such a way, a numerous number of dams have been commissioned in India also. And later on, with the advance of the neoliberal turns sifting from the from the status quo towards the neoliberal turn we can see the mushrooming of dam buildings.

265
00:54:45.000 --> 00:54:58.000
In emerging economies like in Brazil these sites and India and China. So India, China has become a dominant hydroxyam in the politics of controlling trans boundary rivers.

266
00:54:58.000 --> 00:55:07.000
In the Mekong basins as well as the India, you know, they control various transponder rivers over Bangladesh as well as this things.

267
00:55:07.000 --> 00:55:14.000
So despite having the benefits of DAMS so it has been contested on the social and ecological grounds.

268
00:55:14.000 --> 00:55:27.000
So in the economies, the environmental narrative, this is strong stateless to the dismantling of dams in in emerging economies the social narratives tend to be strong because of the displacement of the larger scale number of people.

269
00:55:27.000 --> 00:55:39.000
So it is also documented by the welcoming knock down reports 2,000 deaths around 20 to 50 million indigenous people were displaced by the hydropower which is large stem.

270
00:55:39.000 --> 00:55:52.000
So in such a way the term has resulted into the social cause as well as the ecological costs. On that, that's the reason why the anti-dam activists immersed to protect the indom activists emerged to protect the indigenous people's rights.

271
00:55:52.000 --> 00:55:55.000
As for example, the indigenous people's rights. As for example, in India, the Sephner's.

272
00:55:55.000 --> 00:56:01.000
As for example, in India, the South Narba movements, the Sef Narabala movements, the belly movements in the Kerala in the southern belly movements in the Kerala in the southern parts of India.

273
00:56:01.000 --> 00:56:10.000
So they oppose the in the parts of India. So they oppose the dams on the ground of large-scale displacement as well as the effects the resulting effects on the ecology.

274
00:56:10.000 --> 00:56:24.000
That's all. So from this map we can see the global distribution of large sum in the future which are more concentrated as for example in emerging economies.

275
00:56:24.000 --> 00:56:34.000
So neoliberalism can be seen as the the political as well as economic idols controlling water resources by building large stamp.

276
00:56:34.000 --> 00:56:53.000
So with the advance of neoliberalism, various new concepts emerge in the academic literators like the Can't say what water grabs and who are the water grabbers and who are losing in the politics of water grabbing, you know, the governments and the private sectors like banks like the World Bank, Essen

277
00:56:53.000 --> 00:57:13.000
Development Bank, emerged as the top players in investing down products in emerging economies. So so they immersed as a you know water grabbers and indigenous people civil societies you know they consisted over the politics of water grabbing so we can see such kind of politics the neoliberalism of dam buildings in

278
00:57:13.000 --> 00:57:21.000
in in Indian context in the periphery regions. So I'm focusing on the periphery, sorry, context of India, not eastern part of India.

279
00:57:21.000 --> 00:57:38.000
So Damn became controversial on the social and ecological grounds. So in most cases we can argue that the capital is the top-down approach of economic you know, a process of development often overrides so cell and ecological constants of dance.

280
00:57:38.000 --> 00:57:48.000
So I've already discussed that the displacement of the millions of people's, in in emerging economies and ecological constants.

281
00:57:48.000 --> 00:58:02.000
So as for example in India and China the transponder waters you know narratives tend to be very strong As for example, India built for Apodoms in 1,974 on the Ganges River in West Bengal.

282
00:58:02.000 --> 00:58:14.000
So the construction of this tram, you know, has caused a resulting effects on the. You know downstream mangrove Switzerland's served by the 2 countries so there has been strong opposition from the 2 countries.

283
00:58:14.000 --> 00:58:23.000
So there has been strong opposition from the bandwidth sites, you know, wants to damage contract because India control over 54 transponder water rivers over Bangladesh.

284
00:58:23.000 --> 00:58:24.000
So there's an upstream off.

285
00:58:24.000 --> 00:58:30.000
Dryanga, 7 min to go. Mind your time, please. Thank you.

286
00:58:30.000 --> 00:58:41.000
Yep. Okay, so the damage associated with the sustainable problems like the, you know, not fulfilling the 3 pillar of sustainability.

287
00:58:41.000 --> 00:58:50.000
So are you that emerging in economies still continue to build more dams in the future and there is there of studies on suspension on removal of dams.

288
00:58:50.000 --> 00:59:03.000
So I want to respond to this literature and this study analyzes shifting political attitudes resulting to the rejection of forest clearance and a campaign for dumb removals in India's northeast.

289
00:59:03.000 --> 00:59:09.000
And this can be illustrated by the proposed TPI Mukdam projects and a tiber in Manipur.

290
00:59:09.000 --> 00:59:16.000
So Manipur is a state of India bordering the Myanmar where I belong to.

291
00:59:16.000 --> 00:59:34.000
So in various hydro electricity projects were being, you know, developed and proposed by the governments. So, so I take an example of the proposed Mousse has been suspended ultimately after a struggle for many digits and in highbirds, how ecological narratives, you know, let's do this, you know.

292
00:59:34.000 --> 00:59:41.000
Less than to the suspension of them. So I asked 2 questions like how the ruling central government.

293
00:59:41.000 --> 00:59:52.000
So I asked 2 questions like how the ruling central government puts hydro policies in how the ruling central government puts hydro policies in the neoliberal era how they push hydro policies in the neoliberal era, policies in the neoliberal era, hard sifting political attributes against them occurs in the northeastern

294
00:59:52.000 --> 01:00:09.000
region. So these are the locations of dams in Manipur. So in this thread we can see these are the it's tests and when you pull this comprised the which is also known as a 7 sister and 8 brothers seeking is at the top.

295
01:00:09.000 --> 01:00:24.000
So. The area where the dam is proposed is that the department jump in Manipur is a transboundary reverse with origin in Manipur and flowing towards Bangladesh.

296
01:00:24.000 --> 01:00:43.000
So the tipper move down is not a local issue. It's a it got it got a cost difference you know scales like you know inter intersteds and a downstream and the Nestle level also because the rivers pass through the downstream bandages so there has been strong opposition from the bandwidth is

297
01:00:43.000 --> 01:00:58.000
from Manipur from the different neighboring state of India also. So it's a multi scalar issue and it hybrids has been commissioned in 1,980, s early 1,980 by the governments of India in Manipur.

298
01:00:58.000 --> 01:01:05.000
To provide irrigation, hydroelectricities and all this. So the megahertz is 100, and 5.

299
01:01:05.000 --> 01:01:18.000
And the DEM is 1,500 megawatts. So these are some of the description of the dams and the governments of India has been pushing various hydroids in this with the advance of neoliberal turns.

300
01:01:18.000 --> 01:01:27.000
By advancing various negative, negative, narrative slide, clean energy, expansing campaign. You know, energy security, etc.

301
01:01:27.000 --> 01:01:29.000
Etc.

302
01:01:29.000 --> 01:01:35.000
So, I tried to utilize the discourse score isn't framework by Hazards.

303
01:01:35.000 --> 01:01:43.000
We talks about the storyline director that's a third storyline and a practice that conform to this storyline or organized a discourse.

304
01:01:43.000 --> 01:01:52.000
So we can device into a program discourse and tie down discourse. So this 2 discourse competing this course mercy from the damn discourse overall.

305
01:01:52.000 --> 01:02:13.000
So in the literacy we have found the wider applications of the concept of storyline in the settings of dumb discourse in Latin Americans like in the Brazilian Amazon's you know a very altar divided the program storyline and i don't storyline and even in the soft SCL also we can see the emerging documentations

306
01:02:13.000 --> 01:02:21.000
of Literature, you know focusing on the different narratives competing how the storyline interplayed and struggle over time.

307
01:02:21.000 --> 01:02:33.000
So, similarly, we can identify different storyline in the Indian context. That's for example, the economic development storyline in order securities and clean energy storylines.

308
01:02:33.000 --> 01:02:46.000
This are this are spoused by the the governments of India as well as the various public utilities, energy utilities as a wish form to become a part of dumb proponents.

309
01:02:46.000 --> 01:03:00.000
And this program storyline was oppressed by the And, anti-dam discourse is storyline like the social storyline because the indigenous peoples fight for a social storyline protecting indigenous peoples rights.

310
01:03:00.000 --> 01:03:06.000
And other activities also discuss on the ecological storyline protecting the you know downstream impacts of the dams.

311
01:03:06.000 --> 01:03:11.000
So in a way we can identify a different storylines of dumps.

312
01:03:11.000 --> 01:03:14.000
You got 3 min to go.

313
01:03:14.000 --> 01:03:35.000
Yeah. 3 min, okay. Okay, I'm not coming all these things. These are central leadership how the central laser advanced different story lines you know like the energy securities starting from the Nairobi ERas like Nurses Dumps are a temple of more than India, like the Nestle building storyline, Energy Storyline, Clinton

314
01:03:35.000 --> 01:03:46.000
and her noble integrate, yeah, energy storyline. Who can see the SIFT in program storyline can be viewed as a from the status quo.

315
01:03:46.000 --> 01:03:56.000
So this is the emerging of Antidam's storyline, you know, in response to the program storyline there has been a rising voice of indigenous peoples formational and item collisions.

316
01:03:56.000 --> 01:04:04.000
And the less dimensions of global efficacy is stormed on local struggles and all. So I'm not coming all these things in details, so.

317
01:04:04.000 --> 01:04:12.000
So the storyline tend to be strong in the regions, not its regions. Because of the displacement and all these things.

318
01:04:12.000 --> 01:04:22.000
So these are the examples like the forest rejection of the forest clearance, you know, of Tepimodam by the MOE FCC on the ground of large-scale diversion of forest lands.

319
01:04:22.000 --> 01:04:28.000
And so I can argue that the MY FCC Advanced Equal Storyline that tipped the scale of the dams.

320
01:04:28.000 --> 01:04:34.000
And argue that if they approved the first clearance it would it would have counter is in institutional resource.

321
01:04:34.000 --> 01:04:42.000
So in a posture reaction Paris, the anti-dam often did not protest the dams. You know, they considered them was suspended.

322
01:04:42.000 --> 01:04:48.000
So these are the underdam projects like Etihad removals, you know, campaigns.

323
01:04:48.000 --> 01:04:57.000
So, this was constructed on the laptop like this only the first water legs in the northeast region and the largest lake in South Africa.

324
01:04:57.000 --> 01:05:04.000
So the dial was built on the regions. So it has a wide ranging effects on ecology, particularly the ecological narratives.

325
01:05:04.000 --> 01:05:12.000
So the governments of money poor made a political move to dismantle. The dams, you know, on ecological grounds.

326
01:05:12.000 --> 01:05:27.000
So I'm coming to the conclusion that I argue that we can see the shifting political leadership at the centers despite of having that The central governments adopted hydropower policies through various programs storylines.

327
01:05:27.000 --> 01:05:47.000
So this listed multiple conflicts with indigenous people result resulting into the formation of anti-dam collisions at the local level at the regional levels at a national level at the you know global level so that they have scale a power of resistance and resonate the voice at the higher levels like the United Nations.

328
01:05:47.000 --> 01:06:08.000
So they presented the receptor of them in the United Nations and and launch a global campaigner. So at the global level because the global norms reinforce and maximize the global local anti-dimes struggles like the UN indigenous people's rights as well as the Royal Commission of Dance, you know, strategic priorities with protect the same work

329
01:06:08.000 --> 01:06:16.000
so the indigenous rights at the local so we can see the connection between the local struggle as well as the global advocacy norms.

330
01:06:16.000 --> 01:06:26.000
So the study also argues that the ecological storylines led to the rejection of the forest clearance and campaign for dumb removals because it was ecological narratives.

331
01:06:26.000 --> 01:06:49.000
That drives to move forward to the suspension of DAM projects. And campaign for removals. So advancing this ecological storyline, we can argue is that some government agencies like the environmental ministries and the state governments took anti-damp positions which are really happening you know in the developing nations because they favor to construct more dance rather than

332
01:06:49.000 --> 01:07:08.000
dismantling a light Muslim economies. So to product the first land and the water bodies. So, so the stance of the coffin agencies or putting dams this could perhaps indicate some potential if in the water governance or the damn governance in the regions.

333
01:07:08.000 --> 01:07:15.000
Okay, thank you very much.

334
01:07:15.000 --> 01:07:28.000
Thank you very much. Er, John, I would like to ask, if, Liz is in the room.

335
01:07:28.000 --> 01:07:34.000
The same says not. It's not a line either.

336
01:07:34.000 --> 01:07:49.000
You're presenting. I think truly if you move up the presentation. Hiya, do you have the slides?

337
01:07:49.000 --> 01:07:50.000
Okay.

338
01:07:50.000 --> 01:07:53.000
Because II don't keep my computer here And that is not in the web page my slides.

339
01:07:53.000 --> 01:08:00.000
Okay. Let me see. If I can get them, yeah, so I can share for you.

340
01:08:00.000 --> 01:08:01.000
That is. Oh, it's not. Sorry.

341
01:08:01.000 --> 01:08:04.000
Yeah. Okay, just a second.

342
01:08:04.000 --> 01:08:06.000
I should have done. Let me.

343
01:08:06.000 --> 01:08:12.000
Would you share my presentation? I send you by the email. Maybe and there.

344
01:08:12.000 --> 01:08:18.000
Yeah, yeah, I should have it. But if you want to send it anyway, but I should have it.

345
01:08:18.000 --> 01:08:22.000
Okay, well then he can share. His screen. Okay.

346
01:08:22.000 --> 01:08:25.000
I'll go your presentation to him.

347
01:08:25.000 --> 01:08:27.000
Thank you.

348
01:08:27.000 --> 01:08:30.000
Yes.

349
01:08:30.000 --> 01:08:45.000
Yeah, Wily, hello everyone. Thank you. This is special speaking because Initially I didn't was selected to present.

350
01:08:45.000 --> 01:08:50.000
And my maybe with my cellphone I will start

351
01:08:50.000 --> 01:08:57.000
I'm downloading your presentation in order to show it. 1 s.

352
01:08:57.000 --> 01:09:08.000
Okay. My presentation is named it. Political economy analysis of a neutralization in Columbia, the window of opportunity.

353
01:09:08.000 --> 01:09:26.000
With a new government. And the fact is in the last year the Columbia political system changed with the election of the first progresses through government.

354
01:09:26.000 --> 01:09:31.000
That's what allowed.

355
01:09:31.000 --> 01:09:53.000
As to change from the which development system this with the sustainable development to Another focus to one strong sustainable development where it used to stop a petrol, the new president and that means for us a one of a window student in it.

356
01:09:53.000 --> 01:10:04.000
Because he's writing the abstractivism as a matter of production. That's good.

357
01:10:04.000 --> 01:10:06.000
Okay, here's your presentation on.

358
01:10:06.000 --> 01:10:11.000
Of course. Okay. Thank you. Dennis, please.

359
01:10:11.000 --> 01:10:12.000
Okay.

360
01:10:12.000 --> 01:10:27.000
At this, a, this presentation is was prepared with 2 colleague, Jasenia Parallo and Claudio Von Dumbo Orchestra, club their own number, this is my oldest student, a sociologist.

361
01:10:27.000 --> 01:10:38.000
I'm just saying another economist like me. Dennis, please. This is the f, It's the after at all.

362
01:10:38.000 --> 01:10:56.000
Our Piper and then The new version imply one thinking of the method of production like Don't focus more in the Primary sector.

363
01:10:56.000 --> 01:11:13.000
But focus on life economy and that means I focus on agricultural development and right thing again in generate industries companies.

364
01:11:13.000 --> 01:11:28.000
To about the natural course. Natural for the Eastern Endowment for Colombia and an Northern Latin Latin American countries that was recurrent.

365
01:11:28.000 --> 01:11:58.000
And in the point of a this group the twin climate and energy creases is meaningful because that's implied that these governments have the compromise to make change in techniques and technology to break with the that economic situation.

366
01:11:59.000 --> 01:12:29.000
This is important because the last year, you know, a Europe at the nuclear and gas energy as green energies and that Hey, allow us to take the Europe is not more delivered in the energy transition and we need a emerging leaders in this file today.

367
01:12:31.000 --> 01:12:46.000
The discove of energy transition needs another leaders. More than you do. And that allow Colombia to gain a more important.

368
01:12:46.000 --> 01:13:01.000
Role not only in this schools but always in economic sense. Okay, we have descriptions in of the window of opportunity based in some criterias.

369
01:13:01.000 --> 01:13:24.000
The first criteria is the voice for bagels. And because in the old environments they have the focus on as low transition by set on gas because Columbia have a love of, especially in the Caribbean, especially in the Caribbean Rio.

370
01:13:24.000 --> 01:13:36.000
The environment, they are all governments, their lonely weather departments remain a subsystems to oil combustibles, old files, excuse me.

371
01:13:36.000 --> 01:13:45.000
But this will prevent a in the first month I think

372
01:13:45.000 --> 01:14:02.000
The So, to the, yeah, yeah, soin, the oil for bakers and that is a first step to a give incentive to green vehicles like electrical and another technologies for transport.

373
01:14:02.000 --> 01:14:16.000
The other criteria is they mechanics do a generation of energy with a non-conventional and and renewable technologies in the past.

374
01:14:16.000 --> 01:14:40.000
The focus was the financial with Sustainable funds. With death. I assumed by the Vernon and gave funds to the companies.

375
01:14:40.000 --> 01:15:05.000
But in the new government a They have a focus. Own, Korov said I had subsidies from oil and gas sector in it gave a money to the native and available not conventional energies.

376
01:15:05.000 --> 01:15:18.000
The full criteria have excuse me The past please.

377
01:15:18.000 --> 01:15:34.000
In the past we have a love and and a strong system of allocation of blocks for the exploration and exploitation of oil and gas.

378
01:15:34.000 --> 01:15:47.000
With the one at Metal that is named at Snacking that some times made

379
01:15:47.000 --> 01:16:17.000
Danger to the Iric passing and problem for the Agricultural things but with the new government they I put a lot of this kasoo and they plan government plan and they National Development Plan, they assumed they compromise to download tracking and respect please the net as they a communities and territories that in the past with a social

380
01:16:23.000 --> 01:16:40.000
movements try to avoid some explorations in natural rich places with a lot of biodiversity. And there had placed the nets.

381
01:16:40.000 --> 01:16:42.000
Thank you.

382
01:16:42.000 --> 01:16:45.000
Can it's just me, okay?

383
01:16:45.000 --> 01:17:15.000
Okay, heck. In fact, Okay. This point is about the Canning about sustainability We can resume the last governments like diceet in the I doions of Scots.

384
01:17:18.000 --> 01:17:48.000
And gaining profit. As one condition to do any environmental improvement and that if you will read the compass transition energy transition in the UK government that was privileged in much of the last year you can recognize that They have with a sustainable development focus.

385
01:17:50.000 --> 01:18:01.000
This means it means if is good for the economy and environment at the same time. We will do it, but with the new government.

386
01:18:01.000 --> 01:18:16.000
As the discourse is. One economy basis in life. Oh, one economy for the life and for the water a protection.

387
01:18:16.000 --> 01:18:34.000
We can recognize our definition and now we can say that the current focus is the strong solution of sustainability.

388
01:18:34.000 --> 01:19:04.000
Hmm and the another team they are don't have to area excuse me is their respect for the communities because in the past indeed when communities organize models and use But participatory mechanisms given by the constitutional constitution in Colombia, the governments and some laws.

389
01:19:04.000 --> 01:19:27.000
This respect the will of the people and they made instructions of natural resources like oil or gas but the idea with the new environment is, use the ECASU agreement and they consultatory mechanisms.

390
01:19:27.000 --> 01:19:57.000
To harmonize the development with the I'm environment and the will of their people. And the last thing is maybe the energy price because the government this government maybe for the inflation problems was more Hiya attention from the structure of the energy prices and electrical energy prices and the last environments only Try to keep control of the regulatory

391
01:20:10.000 --> 01:20:26.000
Secretaries to in some some way to say this is they give their Marty to rule the sector.

392
01:20:26.000 --> 01:20:40.000
Dennis and the last 1, 18. Okay. I think I told about this yet.

393
01:20:40.000 --> 01:21:00.000
Okay, the important thing is in the past environments and energy transition don't appear only appear in the DK environment was the government between 18 2,018 and 2,022.

394
01:21:00.000 --> 01:21:13.000
They, yeah, start the energy transition. With in birth to basses. We start with 2 rounds.

395
01:21:13.000 --> 01:21:34.000
That's guarantee the demand of 10% in the electric energy distributors and in the current government the energy transition we will be in Provet and will use classes to say this.

396
01:21:34.000 --> 01:22:01.000
That means a that in the development national plan we have one chapter for energy transition a failed transition as safe sanitation and efficient transition and is based more in the economyiness Andrea please.

397
01:22:01.000 --> 01:22:08.000
I don't know so. Okay, this is the and I think you get the all the slides but okay

398
01:22:08.000 --> 01:22:14.000
No one, yeah. Can I go further? Shall I move it further?

399
01:22:14.000 --> 01:22:44.000
Okay, it's okay. The current national development plan respect more the collisional communities and try to improve their way they use the energy and they have plans to give a Non-conventional and overall energy systems and help with the Youth or soi to cook principally and they have the idea of generate new industries in the

400
01:22:55.000 --> 01:23:08.000
economy to aboard the natural cruise. Dennis, please. And in the European plans, it means to

401
01:23:08.000 --> 01:23:23.000
One discrimination of the transport and looked for cities and resilience habitats and looked for a cities and resilience habitats and, a, a's habitats and resilience habitats and talk about

402
01:23:23.000 --> 01:23:26.000
The look economy.

403
01:23:26.000 --> 01:23:32.000
In the cities and the last one.

404
01:23:32.000 --> 01:24:02.000
Maybe we have some criticizes in Columbia, indeed in the left sector in that in the progressive. Politicians that say, okay, we have a lot of idiotic power possibilities, the past presentation put some points about projects that and give us more energy with with not non-conventional reliable energies.

405
01:24:09.000 --> 01:24:30.000
But a The effort of this new environment mean at least a like a hope to improve in their work and is better small light that they are partners.

406
01:24:30.000 --> 01:24:33.000
Thank you very much.

407
01:24:33.000 --> 01:24:38.000
Thank you, Louise.

408
01:24:38.000 --> 01:24:44.000
So, thank you everybody. Catherine, if you want to step up to help me.

409
01:24:44.000 --> 01:25:03.000
Sharing the question session. You're welcome too. I would like to, acknowledge the importance of your presentations as perspectives that challenge the mainstream view of the current ongoing transitions.

410
01:25:03.000 --> 01:25:23.000
But I also would like to ask all the a presenters to. Answer my First point the abstract Ask you to make a reflection.

411
01:25:23.000 --> 01:25:47.000
On the connection between the importance multi reality. The brutality of the application of this much reality of the processes through which powerful agents finance capital companies state appropriate land and resources and the risk that.

412
01:25:47.000 --> 01:26:00.000
The by product of those processes. If you all could, freely spent a few words to connect to be more your presentation with the abstract.

413
01:26:00.000 --> 01:26:08.000
I would, thank you all. For that. Who wants to start?

414
01:26:08.000 --> 01:26:13.000
Maybe to the speakers want to come up to the table and then there's a couple of mics there.

415
01:26:13.000 --> 01:26:14.000
It's easier for you to

416
01:26:14.000 --> 01:26:30.000
Absolutely.

417
01:26:30.000 --> 01:26:35.000
And also if anybody can make a quick count of how many people were in the room, I would also be grateful to you.

418
01:26:35.000 --> 01:26:46.000
Thank you. Okay.

419
01:26:46.000 --> 01:26:55.000
Somebody want to start? Yeah, I just want Andrea, could you please clarify exactly what you want us to?

420
01:26:55.000 --> 01:26:56.000
That's good.

421
01:26:56.000 --> 01:27:07.000
Oh, there were 3 notions in the in the abstract. Materiality, brutality and risk. Basically these 3 notions articulated the abstract of the session.

422
01:27:07.000 --> 01:27:08.000
Thank you.

423
01:27:08.000 --> 01:27:21.000
So it was a way of talking about the the fit of all the presentation within a decolonial turn which is being elaborated nowadays.

424
01:27:21.000 --> 01:27:33.000
In relation to the, is related to ecological transition. And so sometimes materiality it's out of sight in sociology.

425
01:27:33.000 --> 01:27:42.000
Now, sociology very much concentrates on politics and economic processes, culture perceptions, you know, and materiality somehow.

426
01:27:42.000 --> 01:27:54.000
It's given, and On the other hand, from a science and technology and studies perspective, materiality is very important.

427
01:27:54.000 --> 01:28:06.000
It's like an agent in many ways, you know, it transforms processes. It's like if it was, if you were an inact there, you know, in agent interacting with other processes.

428
01:28:06.000 --> 01:28:27.000
So for instance in catering presentation the literature privilege the production of nuclear energy you know somehow it It's interesting in the processes that are related to that materiality.

429
01:28:27.000 --> 01:28:38.000
So I saw an interesting bridge, you know, between the absurd in your presentation for instance in your case as well as in the other.

430
01:28:38.000 --> 01:28:41.000
Hmm.

431
01:28:41.000 --> 01:28:44.000
Cases.

432
01:28:44.000 --> 01:28:45.000
Yeah.

433
01:28:45.000 --> 01:28:57.000
I think I'll just quickly respond to that. In the case of nuclear energy in China, there's a there's clearly a link in this post-colonial.

434
01:28:57.000 --> 01:29:17.000
Complex I would say so nuclear energy is a very advanced is considered very advanced technology and it's an energy, it's a technology that's developing.

435
01:29:17.000 --> 01:29:34.000
Before China became a global power it was considered a developing country and a lot of the advance technical expertise was something considered to be beyond the capabilities of a country like China.

436
01:29:34.000 --> 01:30:04.000
But the fact that now China is one of the largest nuclear powers in the world, also with one of the largest numbers of nuclear power plants and the fastest growing nuclear energy producer in the world really represents this its rise in the world and it's a bit of a you know one upmanship to to the western powers.

437
01:30:06.000 --> 01:30:31.000
So seen in this light. The the construction of what are the risks and benefits of nuclear energy is vastly different from what you know from the way Western societies are discussing risks and benefits of nuclear energy.

438
01:30:31.000 --> 01:30:34.000
In the West, a lot of it is about trust in government. Pollution, radiation control, safety, uncertainty.

439
01:30:34.000 --> 01:31:01.000
Those are the topics that come up. But yeah, in case of China and also, as I said before, very much linked to my other earlier research in India, that discussion is like nuclear energy is really a source of national pride not just for the elites but also for the for the general public and of course we can talk about who the

440
01:31:01.000 --> 01:31:15.000
publics are. But yeah, it's definitely represents this post-colonial triumphs, you know, for formally developing countries.

441
01:31:15.000 --> 01:31:26.000
Yeah, thank you. So therefore, the SDG 7 for instance in the light of findings like those that come out from your presentation.

442
01:31:26.000 --> 01:31:51.000
Loses importance in all this framework of the sustainable development goals. It's very much a core Western er projection and it has only a very formal by the great powers like China, maybe India and other other ones.

443
01:31:51.000 --> 01:31:56.000
This idea of looking at materiality and the brutality of the appropriation. Our resources and all these processes.

444
01:31:56.000 --> 01:32:07.000
I'm billed by the colonial lens basically. Also questions, you know, some core assumptions in mainstream debates.

445
01:32:07.000 --> 01:32:27.000
So there was one of the goals of the session to to challenge mainstream assumptions.

446
01:32:27.000 --> 01:32:28.000
Of course.

447
01:32:28.000 --> 01:32:34.000
I have to signal some caution though. Like our data set was based on our data set was based on waitboard posts and as we know, our data set was based on waitboard posts and as we know like our data set was based on waitboard posts and as we know, our data set was based on waitboard posts and as we know the more critical posts probably have already been cleaned before

448
01:32:34.000 --> 01:32:56.000
Yeah.

449
01:32:56.000 --> 01:32:57.000
So.

450
01:32:57.000 --> 01:33:05.000
we were able to extract that data. EC, maybe you might want to say other things as well, so please feel free to jump in.

451
01:33:05.000 --> 01:33:06.000
Yeah, yeah, we can.

452
01:33:06.000 --> 01:33:21.000
Oh yeah, hi. Can you hear me? Yeah, so I just, it just remind me another like limitation, in this, in our discussion, like the data we collected from Webex and the way we talk about public public discourse.

453
01:33:21.000 --> 01:33:32.000
So we actually didn't like, actually, distinguish the accounts. For where we extract the posts and many of them are actually from the government.

454
01:33:32.000 --> 01:34:00.000
Or represents the the official kind of discourse and also the official voices on with what they have a really strong presence on waveboard so that is also another qualification we need to make here in terms of interpreting our data in terms of how that to what extent that actually represents the public discourse.

455
01:34:00.000 --> 01:34:03.000
Yeah.

456
01:34:03.000 --> 01:34:04.000
Absolutely.

457
01:34:04.000 --> 01:34:15.000
Yeah, to answer on the ask question. I think in the case of the presentation and the research that I'm doing.

458
01:34:15.000 --> 01:34:19.000
The way

459
01:34:19.000 --> 01:34:20.000
Yep. Can you hear me now?

460
01:34:20.000 --> 01:34:26.000
And a closer to the microphone, please. Could it be possible? Yes.

461
01:34:26.000 --> 01:34:27.000
I'll watch you.

462
01:34:27.000 --> 01:34:41.000
Yeah. Yeah. I was saying that to answer your question in that to That what's the relationship with the presentation that I did with materiality, brutality and risk.

463
01:34:41.000 --> 01:35:11.000
I think that the solution even by the sustainable development part-time for the climate crisis and the economical crisis is completely related some material material solution that is connected with technology fixed of any issues like the technology and the reproduction of constructive narratives and practices will fixed.

464
01:35:11.000 --> 01:35:21.000
The same issues that we have now, but according to the communities that I'm working with the problem will be exactly the same.

465
01:35:21.000 --> 01:35:34.000
Because it's in the same system. Embedded in the same capitalist system in embedded in the same neoliberal narrative and practices.

466
01:35:34.000 --> 01:35:35.000
Thank you.

467
01:35:35.000 --> 01:35:52.000
So. The brutality are pretty much the same. Around 60 to 70% of the constructive projects not only green projects but attractive in general, they are located in indigenous territories.

468
01:35:52.000 --> 01:36:17.000
So, and if we see the projects. In Latin America there are continuing been planning in indigenous territories and the way that the state and the companies are approaching to the indigenous people is the same way that the traditional constructive companies have been approaching to them in the last 50 years.

469
01:36:17.000 --> 01:36:30.000
So, the risks for the communities, the Lincoln and Thai communities in Chile. Is to increase the extraction of lithium.

470
01:36:30.000 --> 01:36:45.000
Because they have been dealing with the extraction of lithium for more than 30 years even before lithium was this amazing material that will fix all the issues with the planet.

471
01:36:45.000 --> 01:37:02.000
So the risk is because of the green ethos also the necessity for them to collaborate with the climate changed bottle.

472
01:37:02.000 --> 01:37:13.000
They will see more actors in their territories and now with the new policy the new strategy that the government lounge.

473
01:37:13.000 --> 01:37:27.000
2 months ago, there has the idea is to have more economic actors because they are planning to do state private sector partnerships to have more exploitation of lithium.

474
01:37:27.000 --> 01:37:32.000
So that is the one of the main risk risk and the brutality I think it's clear there.

475
01:37:32.000 --> 01:37:43.000
And for the 4 peoples of La Sierra, the risk is to have new constructive activities in their territories that they were not there.

476
01:37:43.000 --> 01:37:52.000
They have another economic activities. They have another attractive activities before and they have been dealing with those activities for.

477
01:37:52.000 --> 01:38:04.000
Many many years but they think is they are not changing They are not changing one mind to another. The same minds that they are now, they are going to stay probably.

478
01:38:04.000 --> 01:38:25.000
For two- decades for cold at least in the territory of the indigenous peoples of La Sierra they are several called projects and they are expected to continue at least in the following 20 years and but at the same time they are receiving more constructive activities in their territories.

479
01:38:25.000 --> 01:38:36.000
The way that they are interacting with the indigenous people, it's a colonial approach. So yeah.

480
01:38:36.000 --> 01:38:44.000
Thank you. Very clear. Thank you very much. We, go still 7 min.

481
01:38:44.000 --> 01:38:52.000
In our session. Anybody else want to step in and make a comment on the line or maybe some more questions from the floor?

482
01:38:52.000 --> 01:38:58.000
Whatever.

483
01:38:58.000 --> 01:39:07.000
I mean, any other or the authors want to comment? A point please.

484
01:39:07.000 --> 01:39:13.000
What is your exit question? So some reflections on this presentation, right?

485
01:39:13.000 --> 01:39:14.000
Yep.

486
01:39:14.000 --> 01:39:24.000
Yeah, hello is, audible, right? So I argue that you know from a bus colonel you know context the Neston builders, you know, of Dumps and all.

487
01:39:24.000 --> 01:39:33.000
So it has a risk factors like we can talk about the social risks in the form of displacement and we can talk about environmental risks we can see in the trans boundary.

488
01:39:33.000 --> 01:39:53.000
But we can see this pattern of developments of the government from the status resume in India. You know, which I controlled by the states towards the neoliberal turn also because with the advent of neoliberal turn, the World Bank, you know, invested the SN development bank invested in the hydropower sectors in

489
01:39:53.000 --> 01:39:59.000
the emerging economies. So we can see the attachment of this social and environmental risks, you know.

490
01:39:59.000 --> 01:40:11.000
In the neoliberal John also. The best, I would like to say this one thing that instead of building large stamp, So it's better to access the governments, the obsolete.

491
01:40:11.000 --> 01:40:20.000
Daps large stamps which are not functioning well and provide alternative technologies like a micro hydro solar and all these things.

492
01:40:20.000 --> 01:40:29.000
So that's all. Thank you. That's a question from the floor. Yeah, go ahead.

493
01:40:29.000 --> 01:40:40.000
Do you want to be out?

494
01:40:40.000 --> 01:40:46.000
Oh, okay, perfect. Hi everyone. Thanks for the presentations. My name is Legend.

495
01:40:46.000 --> 01:41:06.000
I'm from Austria and I'm currently looking at the implications of mining but also hydropower plants at the Balkan region in southeastern Europe and I'm kind of still new in this area but yeah I'm taking a lot of your presentation so thank you a lot.

496
01:41:06.000 --> 01:41:17.000
I had 2 questions. The one maybe referring to your presentation on the nuclear plant and you're on hydropower plant.

497
01:41:17.000 --> 01:41:30.000
I was wondering because there was kind of or at least I understood it like that there was a kind of contradiction between economic and ecological implications in the social movements, so kind of either or.

498
01:41:30.000 --> 01:41:55.000
And while like kind of focusing the economic was focusing on national level why the ecological more on the regional and I was wondering if there were some kind of economic reasons, let's say like that, for in the social movements against the nuclear plants or hydro.

499
01:41:55.000 --> 01:42:15.000
No, hydro power plants, kind of because they are also maybe also because of displacement maybe and also because people lose their livelihoods and do not gain any impact by this new energy resources.

500
01:42:15.000 --> 01:42:26.000
And the second question is on the now Shiva island. I found this presentation also very interesting and I was wondering if the art projects you mentioned engage with the mining areas.

501
01:42:26.000 --> 01:42:40.000
Yeah, and if you could maybe elaborate me a little bit more on this or maybe I didn't understand it during the presentation but I would know a little bit more about that.

502
01:42:40.000 --> 01:42:48.000
Thanks.

503
01:42:48.000 --> 01:43:01.000
I think I will quickly respond if I remember correctly. You're wondering whether there is any sort of like local pushback.

504
01:43:01.000 --> 01:43:12.000
To the nuclear power plants. I mean, that's not something we know within the scope of our projects we only were able to look at what people were saying on Whiteboard.

505
01:43:12.000 --> 01:43:42.000
But based on some on our literature review of other studies, most of the research that we have seen so far based on survey surveys of members of the public about what they think about nuclear energy and what we saw was that there seems to be low trust in local governments but higher trust in the central government the whether that the authenticity of that

506
01:43:50.000 --> 01:44:01.000
view, some question it because it's a survey and we don't know how 2 people are one day respond to surveys but that's that's what the current research says.

507
01:44:01.000 --> 01:44:14.000
I'm sure there are local protests happening, but we don't know about it or at least you know I'm not aware of any current research.

508
01:44:14.000 --> 01:44:18.000
I don't know EC do you know anything about that type of reset?

509
01:44:18.000 --> 01:44:34.000
I don't have them on top of my mind. Unfortunately, but for sure we, we have to keep in mind that, but for sure we, we have to keep in mind that, China's, social media as a fair is heavily censored, I would say, and

510
01:44:34.000 --> 01:44:39.000
for sure, based on my personal experience. I don't, I didn't do research on this, but for sure.

511
01:44:39.000 --> 01:44:55.000
A lot of people involved in this kind of not in my backyard kind of note in my backyard kind of activist activism against the nuclear power plants because they don't want to, activism against the nuclear power plants because they don't want to, you know, a power plant building their community power plans because they don't want

512
01:44:55.000 --> 01:45:15.000
to, you know, a power plant building their community, right? So this these kinds of local pushback are for sure exist and just in some cases they are they are pretty prominent in the reality but we didn't say much of that in our from our data because our data is sort of like a focused on the bigger picture on

513
01:45:15.000 --> 01:45:26.000
Weibo as a whole. So, yeah, so I don't know if that, yeah, so I don't know if that, answers, your question to some degree.

514
01:45:26.000 --> 01:45:30.000
Thanks, E.

515
01:45:30.000 --> 01:45:36.000
I can't develop a detail story about No Sima, so I'd like to talk about an alternative.

516
01:45:36.000 --> 01:45:49.000
On the brutality of development, I believe that the program is that despite the impending climate change.

517
01:45:49.000 --> 01:45:55.000
Japan cannot forget its old successes in modernization. That is, dependence on development and dependence of fossil fuels and so on.

518
01:45:55.000 --> 01:46:23.000
So continue continue to do things the other way bring risks so and the discussion of planetary mind could be used as a comparative historical perspective or mining in the modernization or countries around the world.

519
01:46:23.000 --> 01:46:24.000
Thanks.

520
01:46:24.000 --> 01:46:38.000
Thank you. Do you have, oh actually I think we're a bit out of time. But I think the young lady over there had a question for you about the art and you can probably talk after the session.

521
01:46:38.000 --> 01:46:39.000
Andrea?

522
01:46:39.000 --> 01:46:53.000
Okay, thank you. I was a fantastic, session of question and answers. The replies were really sometimes even better than the presentation really enjoyed that.

523
01:46:53.000 --> 01:47:03.000
Thank you very much for what did that. I learned a few new things. I'm really happy about that and I hope the public Could say the same.

524
01:47:03.000 --> 01:47:18.000
I hope to stay in touch with the group of voters. And trying to push together to pull together a publication out of this presentation, maybe having a seminar.

525
01:47:18.000 --> 01:47:30.000
In a couple of 2 or 3 months from now in order to see some advance with also some deal with the Jonah or Publish.

526
01:47:30.000 --> 01:47:42.000
Okay. So thank you very much and a pleasant stay there in Australia. Thank you. Also for those we joined us from home.

527
01:47:42.000 --> 01:47:43.000
Thank you everyone.