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Good morning. Everyone. Can. You hear me clearly? So. My name is Paijin Cole from Monash University. I'm here today as a chair to for the session. child, bearing intentions and behaviors in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

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And before we start everything, and I want you to do the acknowledgment of the country on behalf of everyone gathered here I pay a respect to the spirit of the country. Here in where we are meeting. I acknowledged the past and present coordination, Bulgari

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as the sovereign people. Here the cultural knowledge holders who maintain and promote the non aboriginal law, customs and custodial shape, responsibilities for country and the people that country continues to sustain generation after generation

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into the future. For all of us I recognize the important contribution that the first nations thinker have made to sociology, including challenges to our dominant ways of thinking. We thank all first nations, dedicates in the room today for their contributions to knowledge in the discipline.

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So this session is supposed to have. 5 papers. Unfortunately, the first paper is withdrawal so. We have 3 remote So papers present presentations, and one presentations. If you have the app, you should be able to see. Those 4 Presentations!

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So I will. As a chair I will make a slightly change because we have one. group presenters who are here who will be able to do in-person presentation. So I move their time from 1110 to like right now. So after them we will go with the second presentation at 1050. so the 1050 will be the presentation on the impact of covid

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pandemic.

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So right now, I'm saying that I will move the the paper.

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100.3 COVID-19 pandemic neighborhood characteristics and pregnancy intention among married women in India. This paper is the first one.

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Okay, thank you for your understanding. So

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all of you will have 20 min for the presentation, and afterwards we will open the floor for Q. And a. Okay. So

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so let's welcome the presenter by Chi chao from national yumming gel to me. University, Taiwan, and re-watching National Taiwan University. Taiwan.

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Thank you. So

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the

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I will share your screen. Give a second

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yes, again to see if I can see it online

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recording in progress.

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Good morning, everyone. I'm I'm Chi Chao found national Yam-in-jalton University and my co-author here. Yuhua is from nation of Hawaii University, and we are presenting the topic on COVID-19 pandemic neighborhood characteristics and practicing intention among the marrow women in India.

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Okay, here's the outline. Okay? First, I was introducing the motivation and the significance then presenting the findings from the demographic and health survey, using the India during the 2,019 to 2,021, and give the summary and the discussions.

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So first, I have to declare we have no competing interest, and this research was supported by National Science Council in Taiwan, and the conclusions here are those of the others

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and the background. So we already observed, the substantial fateral decline in developed country, and even in the low income countries and the the fertility decline shapes. The population structures affect the social and economic policies, fertility influences

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not the private research already suggests the fertility. behavior, not only inferences by the individual characteristic, including women's social demographic trail bearing and the partner characteristics, but also The inferences by the compactual factors that they may contribute to the future decline. But the last infascade

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and the pregnancy, intentions, according to the research it predicts fertility. Behaviors?

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On the other hand,

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from in terms of public health, perspective unintended. The pregnancy is often related to an increase in likely. Who of core nutrition, frequent illness, and the infectionist in children abortion, and the real incidence is a a maternal. That so I, we use the social ecological aspect of fertility is likewise social, ecological pregnancy in intentions.

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So, in addition to understanding the relative effect of virus factor accounting for the pregnancy intention. So we really want to know what's the impact of a COVID-19 pregnancy intention among the married women's. So an increase in mortality, especially with we. We are looking at a perceived mortality that may lead to married women to be more likely to intend pregnancy.

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On the other hand, those women found this identity socio-economic status position to have a lower pregnancy intention, both of which may also affect those women fertility behaviors.

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and the recent COVID-19. Pandemic to human fertility warrants the present investigation to consider the social economics impact of a trail bearing costs and the unemployment struggle on this complex associations accordingly build upon the social, ecological hypothesis. We propose that marrow women living in a communities with a rich

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socio-economic resources will have higher pregnancy, intentions, and the COVID-19. Pandemic is hypothesized to be associated with a higher pregnancy, intention due to perceived mortalities.

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So why Indians? Okay India overtakes China to become world. Most populous countries expect to reach 1.4 2 6 billion in 2,023. Those strongest growth perspective

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among the emergency market economics versus the lack of a decent work for India yam so, and at the booming economic it cannot accommodate a meetings and new workers who are entering or presenting to enter the work.

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force over 24 out of 100 young workers do not find jobs in their desire, feel of work

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constituted by regulosity and the demographically diverse state, such as the Indian.

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So here's the India race, okay, from 1,950 to 2,023. So we see a clearly decline. Okay, for over 1,950.

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Now it's rich like a Fertility of a 2 is stay stable.

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And here is the breakdown by the regions. Okay, the region differences is very clear, a bit observed in Indians, but the total fertility rate for India is 2.8

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0.

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So here we observe the knowledge gap fuel research has targeted women in low-income countries. In contrast to most studies, examining the likelihood of pregnancy, intention of women in their foul country and its impact

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on fertilities. Only a few researchers has poured the impact of a neighborhood characteristics on pregnancy, intention using the population-based surveys.

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Prior research have rarely in pregnancy intention with the rock to the impact on COVID-19. So we conduct the multi-level perspective toward its planning pregnancy intentions.

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So the research ends here, according to the social, ecological hypothesis, we examine well whether or not marrow women in living in communities with a various

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Mit Ctl and different levels of a socio-economic resources are associated with the likely. Who of pregnancy intention in India? So the first hypothesis is we hypothesize marrow women living in a communities with the higher level of socio-economic resources are

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more likely have a higher level of pregnancy intentions. And for the COVID-19 pandemic. We hypothesize a increase in COVID-19 cases are related to an increase in the likelihood of pregnancy in pension.

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In addition to the impact of COVID-19 pandemic. The present study also investigates the attempt to which pregnancy, intention are homogeneous within the communities, even taking the individual and spousal characteristic into considerations.

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So the data the participants we use in the Demographic and health Survey. is a population-based survey of married women in Indians, and also focusing on the reproductive age, between 15 to 49, and the study period is during the 2,019 to 2,022,

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and the sample is stratified. Probability sample of the census tracks

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and the total the the marrying. The total samples of marijuana is a 31,000 and 100,000. It's a large sample size.

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Okay? So the modeling we're using the multi-levels, though that means we have 2 units of analysis. Not only the individual women. Co. I, but also the community coder. So we consider the render intercept in the modeling strategies.

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So the outcome variable is pregnancy intentions, and it was defined by intention for future pregnancies through the questions. Now I have a question. I have some questions about the future.

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Would you like to have another try, or would you prefer not to have any or more children's? So the responses are characterized into 2 categories. To have a another child coded as a one, and to have no more child. Coded a 0, and that's the reference risk.

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So the pregnancy intention during the 2,019 to 2,021 is a 42% in 2,019 36% in 2,020, and the 38% in 2,021.

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And here's the panic. Okay, during the 2,020 to 2,023. So we see some pick okay in in India.

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So the major expanatory verbal is COVID-19 pandemic. We, looking at the new cases that call the incidence. Okay? So the new cases are COVID-19. During the 2,019 and the 2,022, we characterize it into 3 categories. the the reference group is a less than a thousand cases, new cases per month.

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and the the second second group is between the 2,001 to

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a millions per month, and the more than a million per month that coded. The highest one is the the third. Third categories and the women's social economic status, including education and household wealth.

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an individual partner control, including the age of the Women. Parity of the Women. Current Pregnancy and the

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Fertility prevalence of the partner. vaccine is a husband is because the participant. This study sample is among the marrow women's

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and made another major explanatory variable include the community characteristics

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and the community characteristically, including community socioeconomic status. that had 2 indicators. Why is the female labor force participations? is counted by the proportion of the women who are employed. Oh, that's another another detail. We we will explain later on, one

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and the community education is The proportion of a lower level of a community with lower level of the education level within the communities. So other community factors, including community religions, proportion to women who are in mosland relations group with the 40 five-seven or above. So the community, we think, of 3

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three-fourth of the propulsion is in in Muslims. So we candy the propulsion and the residential stability is candidated by the percentage of the residential duration of 10 years or longer.

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So the strategies. We're using the multi-level addressing regression model because the outcome variable is a binary outcomes. And we're using progressive method modeling strategy. So the first model we tested the impact of COVID-19. So we include the the variable of the COVID-19

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new cases with the 3 categories and also the socio-economic status of women, demographic characteristic of women and the fertility preference of husbands and the second models we added to the community's socioeconomic status, community religions and residential stabilities.

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So the findings. Okay? So we see the COVID-19 impact in terms of a predicting likelihood of pregnancy intention in the compared to the reference school, the lowest level of a new cases, the the the the group between the 2,

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a thousand, one to 2 millions cases per month is increase the increase the likelihood of predicting a pregnancy intention, however, when the new cases is over a millions, the the predict, the predictions are decreased

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and the social economic status of women's. Okay? So we see the complete. women with the complete secondary education that hire has a higher level of pregnancy, intentions.

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and the women from the Richard's household apple have a lower level Of a pre pregnancy, intentions.

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and for the community coverage sticks.

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So for the community characteristics, we see the Female labor force participation significantly associated with privacy intentions. When when the communities in the Q 3 levels. the women in that community actually showing a higher level of a pregnancy, intentions.

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and also there the the the community characteristics is associated with the privacy, intention, including community education, community religions, residential stability and the community electricities.

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So the basically the hypothesis, one is partially supported. We see the community's socio-economic status is significantly associated with the pregnancy, intention, as expected, a higher community education decrease the decrease the women's privacy, intention.

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and the communities with the highest and lowest female labor Force participation were related to an increase in pregnancy. Intentions, however, prior research suggests no causal relationship between the female labor Force participation and the fertility in Indians. So this seems inconsistency needs to be splendid in the context, where in tension 2

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leads to fertility behavior in low-income countries and the possibly ecological faculty is considered

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so for the second hypothesis. The COVID-19 cases was significantly related to the likelihood of pregnancy intention, but it is in a nonlinear associations

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the perceived mortality seemed to affect at the at the very beginning, when the new cases increases, however, the the new case is a rich millions, the pregnancy intention actually decreased.

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So we mean women's socioeconomic status significantly for pregnancy in pension and association remain even after addressing for the community factors. So the education for the women's education, higher education, higher pregnancy, intention, household? Well, that reaches

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a lower pregnancy intention. So it's it's this pre preliminary results actually worrying us to further consider the regional differences and also the interaction between the socioeconomic status and the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Other community factors. We see the community religions are independent of the associate between the personal religion, evaluation, and the privacy, intention, and the community. Electricity was associated with the increase in pregnancy, intention.

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and the the individual control actually is consistent. The the findings of fungal primary research, the current pregnancy decrease, the pregnancy, intention, the in the more parity actually also decreased the pregnancy intentions.

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So still the limitations of that this research is suffered from the indulgence. So we can really distinguish the

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simultaneous causations. And there's unmatched characteristics. Like a value of a children, and the parenting style attitudes, prevents are not considered also is the self-reported modules of pregnancy intentions so that may suffer from the social desirability.

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Also, they fell versus the low income compacts. Okay, still need to take into considerations.

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however, to to the best of our our knowledge. This is the first study to build on the social, ecological hypothesis, to assess the privacy intention during the COVID-19 pandemic period in India's demonstrate the importance of community socioeconomic status and the Women's Socioeconomic status in the Association with the pregnancy intention in India's socio-economic.

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So the next step will try to explore an interaction between the COVID-19 and the community socioeconomic status in can see intention as well as the parity-specific model due to the total fertility rate of 2 in India. And we also will try to consider the regional differences in India.

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Thank you.

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Thank you. That's awesome.

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The if you have.

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So thank you for being on time. Thank you so much. so we have the first in-person presentation by Dr. Chelsea. And now we have 3 online presentations. So what I'm going to do now is to move our platform to zoom.

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and you will see the presenters on Bloom presenting their papers.

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So please give me a second.

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See?

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doctors. sibel Passover, are you there? Can you hear me?

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Svetlana Sivoplyasova: Yes.

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okay. Can you see your presentation slides?

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Svetlana Sivoplyasova: I see. But I prefer

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Svetlana Sivoplyasova: to demonstrate my screen if it possible.

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okay, could you tell me, how can I do it? let me give me a second.

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Svetlana Sivoplyasova: Okay, and snack. I I can't do it.

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Or can you share your television slides.

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 could you give me a second? I will ask for staff to come here to help

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Svetlana Sivoplyasova:  hmm.

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Svetlana Sivoplyasova: I can to

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Svetlana Sivoplyasova: to manage my presentation. Unfortunately.

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the

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the

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yeah. Okay, give me a second. Let me, check how to do this so from your end, you cannot see the slides am I? Right?

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Svetlana Sivoplyasova:  yeah.

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yes.

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She is.

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Svetlana Sivoplyasova: Unfortunately, I can't manage my presentation.

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you can ask, you can see your presentation, am, I, right?

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Svetlana Sivoplyasova: Yes.

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 okay, I may need the technician to come here, but just now I went out. I couldn't see anyone outside.

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 I can share my presentation if it possible?

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sorry. Could you repeat your question?

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I can share my presentation if it possible.

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Oh. okay, Do you have the authority to share the slides.

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Confex Tech Support - Ryan: Can you do it on your hello. This is a Ryan from text report. you can if if you stop the share for the time being on the podium computer, then the other Virtual Speaker will be able to share their screen.

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Okay, so can you tell me, guide me, where is the function?

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Confex Tech Support - Ryan: if you hit a skate and you should see the floating meeting controls at the top, the zoom controls. Maybe. Yeah. If you go to your zoom controls on the top, so if you hit escape, I think

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Confex Tech Support - Ryan: it should pop up usually

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Confex Tech Support - Ryan:  If you up at the very top, the the

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Confex Tech Support - Ryan: yeah. Go up to the very top. You should get the the zoom floating controls.

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Confex Tech Support - Ryan: Or do you see the stop, the stop share button

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stuff share. I'm not on zoom, though I couldn't

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see where the zoom for the publication.

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Usually when you hit. If you hit the escape key. It usually brings the floating meeting controls back. Yeah, there we go. And then, if you just hit, stop, share the red button. Great, perfect. And now the other person can share their screen.

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okay.

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Svetlana Sivoplyasova: So now I should.

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Confex Tech Support - Ryan: Alright. let's

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Confex Tech Support - Ryan: looks good and yep.

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Confex Tech Support - Ryan: And then if we start start the slide show there. Then you should be good to go. Thank you so much. Yeah, no problem.

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Okay, everyone. So we can do the under presentation. Now. So now it's the presentation on the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the report. reproductive behavior of a Russian population, statistical and sociological analysis. Let's welcome the Dr. Civil process.

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play your sova. The floor is yours. Thank you.

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Svetlana Sivoplyasova: Thank you very much. Good morning, dear colleagues. I'm very glad to to represent my presentation which was so compared with the my soldier. Again as to Garuba and the theme is the the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the reproductive behavior of the Russian population statistical and the logical analyzes.

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Svetlana Sivoplyasova: The false Health organization cancelled the status of pandemic for COVID-19 on May 5 2,023. But the official determination of the emergency situation does not mean COVID-19 is over is a global health treat

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Svetlana Sivoplyasova: according to Wh. Oh, Director, General Doctor Tedras, this virus is here to stay. It's Jim Kidden, and it's still changing the end of the acute face of the global Coronavirus infection might dramatically reduce the mass interest in this topic. in the information space.

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Svetlana Sivoplyasova: However, it does not mean that the attention of the scientific community can be easily re-rainted to other objects. On the contrary, it is a time for a more calm, thoughtful, and detailed analyzes of the caucuses and consequences of such large-scale health

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Svetlana Sivoplyasova: crisis. It is necessary to analyze not only a short-term effects of the pandemic, but also

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Svetlana Sivoplyasova: the

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Svetlana Sivoplyasova: ass. Its low results. This also applies to the problem of fertility and reproductive behavior

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Svetlana Sivoplyasova: of research is said about because we ambiguity of the effects of the pandemic on fertility trends based on the preliminary results of their research. Moreover, we are talking about the paradoxical reaction of the population regarding the both of children in the pandemic period.

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Svetlana Sivoplyasova: Russian demographers were divided into 2 opposite polls in their forecasts. On the one hand, researchers believed that the implementation of reproductive plan will become more active in conditions of isolation. Other believed that any crisis forced postponement of from a childbearing until now consist understanding of the role of Coronavirus. Infection

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Svetlana Sivoplyasova: in the processes of fertility and transformation, of reproductive behavior. Legs in scientific community, because the processes of fertility is a result of reproductive behavior are caused by multi-factual effects on a different group of population. In our opinion reproductive behavior is a long term strategy for the birth of children and crisis, including the pandemic are processes that are limited by time frames.

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Svetlana Sivoplyasova: according to the official statistical data of rash as a tendency to reduce the birth rate had persisted during the pandemic period. So if in 2,015, 1.9 4 million children were born in the country, then in 2,021 1.4 million

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Svetlana Sivoplyasova: at the same time, the rate of in of decrease in the bills rate during the pandemic slow down. If in 2,017, 2,019. It was about 7, 10% per year. Then in the 2,000, 22,021, it was 2, 3.

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Svetlana Sivoplyasova: The reason of such dynamic might be explained, on the one hand, by the changes in the number of women in active reproductive ages, namely, the reduction and, on the other hand, by the development and implementation of a a large number of government measures aimed at support families with children in the difficult conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Svetlana Sivoplyasova: At the same time, it is important to know that the development of the epidemic had a white like character.

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Svetlana Sivoplyasova: As a result, the lockdowns were introduced, and people were forced to to stay together for a long time without the possibility to visit other places. Then addictions were lifted.

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Svetlana Sivoplyasova: So it seems appropriate to analyze not only annual fertility rate, but also monthly ones to estimate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the productive behavior of the Russian population.

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Svetlana Sivoplyasova: We can see that there are peak months of for a child and month of decline in Russia. This situation can be explained by the automatic Seasonality and associated various of holidays and agricultural work, as well as the State and religious holidays. It is important to know that this periodicity reminded during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Svetlana Sivoplyasova: it's introduction of love dance did not provoke an increase in the birth rate. At the beginning of pandemic, however, the lifting of addictions in some of 2,000 20,

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Svetlana Sivoplyasova: on the contrary, stimulated the Russians to implement reproductive plans. It was reflected in the dynamic of the booth rate in March, June the twentieth, 21,

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Svetlana Sivoplyasova: and the particularities of the productive behavior of the population and its transformation reflect not only in the indicators of the number of born children, but also in the indicators of the number of steel bills. This parameter is particularly relevant in the context of a pandemic, because Coronavirus disease can affect the course of pregnancy 100

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Svetlana Sivoplyasova: there is decrease in the number of still in Russia. if they were 9.5,000 in 2,017 they were 8.1,000 in 2,021.

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Svetlana Sivoplyasova: The search of the

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Svetlana Sivoplyasova: number of still, both in July 2,021, is most likely the result of a sharp increase in the incident of Coronavirus in December, 2,000 20, February to 2,021, so it is possible to speak with a certain degree of confidence about the direct negative impact of the pandemic on dynamics of fertility. In the country

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Svetlana Sivoplyasova: there is differentiation in the impact of pandemic on the reproductive behavior of the population living in urban and rural areas. The post rate among the urban population is consistently decreasing. There was no breaking out of this logic. In monthly indicators, even even in the pandemic. But bailout.

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Svetlana Sivoplyasova: At the same time, the reproductive behavior of a rural population has several features. First of all, of dance had a stimulated effect now on both of children in rural areas.

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Svetlana Sivoplyasova: and the second, the increase in the incident of COVID-19, at the end of 4, 2,020 had no restraint and effect on reproductive behavior of the rural population. So the COVID-19 pandemic affect the reproductive phone affected affected

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Svetlana Sivoplyasova: the reproductive behavior of population in in different ways the long joint state of this spouses during the Lock Downs period was not a serious incentive for the both children. On the contrary, the is in of a restriction, was a kind of push. It

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Svetlana Sivoplyasova: the State measures to support families with children, joined our timely and did not allow to develop the negative scenario of the field of fertility.

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Svetlana Sivoplyasova: Sociological studies of the impact of the pandemic on the productive behavior of the Russian population have relevant numbers of features

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Svetlana Sivoplyasova: An express story was conducted in October 2,020. It was a a pilot stadium.

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Svetlana Sivoplyasova: The main aims to go to identify the population assessments of the pandemic risks in the field of demographic and economic problems and to obtain a respondents. Assessment of the effectiveness of measures applied in Russia aimed at reducing the demographic damage. The question there, because it consisted of several Bro blocks address part

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Svetlana Sivoplyasova: Now close to questions about the risks associated with the pandemic, the personal risks as well as general risks. For example, demographic and economics, economic risks.

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Svetlana Sivoplyasova: representatives of 10 subjects of the Russian Federation participated in this survey. Estimation of the risk of Coronavirus and the effectiveness of measures to combat. We are based on point system.

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Svetlana Sivoplyasova: the results so that almost every fields the respondents excluded the possibility of any risks in a a in a reduction of fertility. Every third respondents did not see the risks of the duration of mutual understanding in the family.

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Svetlana Sivoplyasova: in conditions of self as an isolation or remote work. Only 7% is pond and did not seize it. that the rate of for an increase of form utility rates about 3, 4% respondents, and so excluded risks in the field of economic factors, low wages, rising unemployment decrease in the amount of money so, and and the duration of the economic situation of the family.

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Svetlana Sivoplyasova: that is Russian respondents. So the to create opinions about the emerging objective risks, despite the increase, increased level of.

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Svetlana Sivoplyasova: and certainly, and the condition in conditions of the pandemic. At the same time, if the risks will assisted as high with regard to mortality trends and iteration of economic factors. Then this opinion was observed in a small number of respondents with regard to fertility.

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Svetlana Sivoplyasova: It's a calculation. Show fears of high. It's maximum risks. You're Deviliated, depending on this fear of influence, on of a Coronavirus infection. Significant risk in the context of pandemic was noted by the majority of respondents in relation to the economic component of live

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Svetlana Sivoplyasova: and that is regarding the iteration of fertility processes head one of the longest ratings. But it's so.

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Svetlana Sivoplyasova: and but it should be should should not be a good. That reproductive behavior is independent of economic factors. It helps the level of financial support for families in Russia isn't necessary, but in sufficient conditions for the transformation of reproductive intentions.

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Svetlana Sivoplyasova: It will be not that a serious social support was provided to families with children in conditions of the pandemic and Russia they were positively revealed. Reviewed by the respondents of our survey, more than 50% of respondents estimated the following support measures as highly effective. 101

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Svetlana Sivoplyasova: or maximality effective in Russia, for example, 1 one time payments so for children from 3 to 16 years of old in May, in August, 2,020 monthly payment for children under 3 years old. In April, June 2,020. Increase of child care allowance up to one and a half years

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Svetlana Sivoplyasova: years increase in unemployment benefits, extension of unemployment benefits, maternity, family capital. For the first child.

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Svetlana Sivoplyasova: There is also power, a second research. They in in in depth. Interview also showed a big impact of the pandemic, only productive behavior of the Russian population. The study took place in 2,000 21 and 2,022. The number of respondents was, 27 persons from 6 regions of the country.

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Svetlana Sivoplyasova: We try to determine is the differentiation of The opinions of respondents

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Svetlana Sivoplyasova: about the influence of the pandemic on a productive choice depending on general estimates of trends in modern fertility. The following questions were asked.

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Svetlana Sivoplyasova: please answer, do you think, that more of feeble children are being born among your acquaintances now? And does the Coronavirus station. If it's the decision to have children, it is secure that among respondents with the optimistic

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Svetlana Sivoplyasova: assessment, with the negative assessment and among the respondents who did not notice a changes in the tent of fertility are more. Those who do not see the impact of the pandemic on the productive behavior.

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Svetlana Sivoplyasova: And then the conclusion of my report. I would like to say that during the pandemic the rate of decline, and in absolute growth rate has slowed down, but but exactly one year after the announcements of a pandemic, the number of those exceeded the absolute values of 2,020,

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Svetlana Sivoplyasova: the indicator of the number of steelball children returned to the prayed by the pandemic level. By the end of 2,021

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Svetlana Sivoplyasova: The specifics of the reproductive behavior of the population living in rural area are characterized by more favorable conditions, for adaptation of the risks of the pandemic reproductive behavior is a multi factor of phenomenon, has been transformed in significantly in Russia, due to the pandemic, the risks of the reduction of birth rate

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Svetlana Sivoplyasova: well among the lowest in the comparison with other risks during this period, from the point of view of the Russian population, so the role of the pandemic in creation of the reproductive behavior takes place, but it is overestimated in the perception of the population. There is a separation of this extraordinary event, which sooner or later will be completed.

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Svetlana Sivoplyasova: Reproductive behavior. Thank you for your attention.

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Thank you for your presentation.

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Now we are going to move on to the next presentation by Dr. Soada.

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澤田 佳世: Yes.

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okay. give me a second. I'm going to play your slides.

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澤田 佳世: Oh, I'm going to share my slides myself. Okay? Oh, you are going to share a slice.

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 can you? Just second? Okay? yes, we can see your overview all the slides. Okay.

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can you? yeah.

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澤田 佳世: Can you see my slides.

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if we can see your slights.

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Okay, yeah. So the floor is yours. So let's welcome Dr. Suada, on low fertility, and the caring fathers the case of Japan. Thank you.

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澤田 佳世: Okay.

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澤田 佳世: Hello. I'm Chris. How are you working from now? We're in the University in Japan. And first of all, I'd like to say, thank you for having me as a one of the presenters in this session. I'm curious to have this opportunity to make my presentation here and my areas with expertise our sociology and the demography. My research areas include population studies and the family studies and the Genesis studies as well.

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澤田 佳世: So I have been empirically exploiting population. How many change as a social phenomenon and various aspects of the reproductive to peers mainly in Okinawa's account, using the not it to the concept of gender and social research methods in the field of a daily life. It so all the type of that today I'm talking about is low for a charity, and the killing part is the case of Japan.

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澤田 佳世: Oh, this research is supported by Grant in aid for scientific research. These are the Jsps cocaine, he grant members in Japan.

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澤田 佳世: and the Japan's Survey for my paper was conducted in collaboration with Dr. Yascottoma. Most of them is reported to University, Japan and Dr. Hong Sue, Home and Mexico University, Japan.

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澤田 佳世: Yeah, here it's the other stripped of on my paper that I submit to. This paper describes the current as the male participation in charge bailing and the chat. Well, engage account. A society with value of a charity.

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澤田 佳世: It's it's it's it's it's it's it's it's, it's, it's it's it's it's it's it's it's it's it's it's it's it's it's it's it's it's it's it's it's it's it's it's it's it's it's it's

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澤田 佳世: and I actually, I had to originally prompt you to all of them mentioned about. But due to the COVID-19 situation, restricting field to work, and all the circumstances and men's interviews are still in mid-stage about research.

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澤田 佳世: and they have not to be analyzed very well. So for this reason I will omit the part of the code it. The analysis of how this interview is in my presentation today.

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澤田 佳世: hey, today's my choke is going based on this. I'll try.

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澤田 佳世: hey.

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澤田 佳世: in this paper, this pro or the column, to speak as the male participation in the reproductive process of having and joining the children into account. A society with declining forest rate.

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澤田 佳世: Hey, here, where Japan is relocated, is in ways that we the largest percentage of the world's population only add an account for graduating nature have been on a web. Peter town world the trend since the mid twentieth century

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澤田 佳世: the phenomenon known as in Japanese, in which the total cost to do it remains persistent with loads of the placement of well has been progressing mainly in East to Asia, including Japan, and, as you know, the from population in Japan has also beyond to decline.

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澤田 佳世: and in Japan the first rate we enter decline below the grace major level in the mid 1970 s. And the policy responses to the decalonic birth rate began to be taken in the mid 1990 s. In recent years.

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澤田 佳世: Then the impact of the husband's participation in housework and charged rarely on credit. In education, has been pointed out. Annotation has focused on promoting men's participation in housework, and the child dwelling as an important issue to address the declining birth rate

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澤田 佳世: in the twin, now 2 thousands equilibrium which means a man which means men who enjoy charge well in in Japan became a social phenomenon in Japanese society

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澤田 佳世: the fragility decline below the placement to level in Western European countries has been conceptualized as a second demographic transition.

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which is based on changes in family formation and the individual values, and so on.

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澤田 佳世: However, it has been said that the declining first rate, and it's characteristics and background in Japan and the East to Asia cannot be captured by the still that work of the second. The demographic transitions really based on geography experiences in Western countries.

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澤田 佳世: So in Japan, such a society with a low in the post to demographic transition period. That's

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澤田 佳世: how are men involved in the process from pregnancy and the charges to child whaling. To the best of my knowledge there is a there. So the research, and on the top objective mounted experiences joining the reproductive process in the society with the declining birth rate.

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澤田 佳世: Okay? And the the main material is analyzing this paper and official Statistics Social Service and the materials collected from the field works in Japan and conducted as joint research.

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澤田 佳世: He, Fred, to see trends in Japan.

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澤田 佳世: as it's well known, for it's I'm trending towards a very low price rate below 1.5 or G of all. So let us look at the best trends in Japan.

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澤田 佳世: I fear one. This figure shows that after the first baby boom, a period of about 2.7 million bucks.

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澤田 佳世: 1947 to 90 49. Here the number of Bart declined reluctantly, jailing the 1950 s.

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澤田 佳世: But then experience the second baby from 1971 to 90 74,

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澤田 佳世: then up and down, dropped below 2 million in 1,975, and it continued to decline a company device. Light increases, and it decreases

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澤田 佳世: here

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澤田 佳世: in 20160, the number of a burst fellow, you know, 1 million.

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澤田 佳世: and the words about 800 to 60,000 in 9. Now in 2,019. Here

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the trends of Japan's Georgia graduate can be divided into 3 major periods.

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澤田 佳世: and the first period we declined from the immediate coast to period to the 90 fifties. the second period of the stability from the 6 now 1960 s. To the mid 1970 s.

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澤田 佳世: And the third period of the decline will replace me from the mid-nine and 1970 S.

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澤田 佳世: I come, like here and to to the present. and the figure shows that the total is about the 4.3 drilling. The first baby boom appeared and declined West Julie in the 1950 s.

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澤田 佳世: The direct coach of the password to client the during this period with a drop in the map.

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澤田 佳世: the total to wait 12 to 2.1 4 in 1,957, completing the priority transition in the late 1960 s. Into account

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澤田 佳世: if they remained stable, and to one to 2.1 from the 1960 s. To the, to the hour in 19 seventies

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and feel below to point to 2 point to 0 in 1975,

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澤田 佳世: 1,990 it has remained below 1.5, and in 2090 it was 1.3 6.

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澤田 佳世: The dialectical code of the quantity decline about the mid 1970 S. Is a drop in marital weight. but the decline, the probability weight with a marriage has also been a contributing factor in the value of fatalities since the 19 nineties in Japan.

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澤田 佳世: Okay, policy, let's go to is to go on in first and the positioning of the mail

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澤田 佳世: since the 19 nineties. The Japanese government in it's a it's to the declining verse rate by saying, being tied, dwelling, support majors, centering and support for balancing the work and becoming a light, including expansion of charged Kelly, the programs and the charity care services.

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澤田 佳世: The first was a period of no policy lessons until 1,990,

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澤田 佳世: the second of the stage, with the period of his strengths and the Post Office. Since I, on tired care support policies after the 1.5 7 show of 1990 for Gf.

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澤田 佳世: And the third stage was the 2,003 that's right to stage with the sip to the policies to promote past

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澤田 佳世: following the enactment of the 2 acts and the 2 basic acts. The one is the best act for majors to cope with society, with declining birth rate.

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澤田 佳世: and the other one is the actual advancement of measures to support raising the next to generation children in 2,003, the promotion of Mel's participation in how sure I can. The charter care has been positioned as an issue in Japan society against the policy. This comes from its inception

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澤田 佳世: the charter clearly below and next to it in 1992, clearly stipulates the white to Child Care League for both men and the women employed to queue for children, and then one year of age, and the allows me to take to.

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澤田 佳世: On the other hand, it was not out there the 2,000 when the sip to this out the stage for how to do promotion policy to him, that the promotion of the mouse participation in household shores, and the child care. What's more, in explicitly positioned as a major to combat decline in the birth rate.

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澤田 佳世: the first national program I'll try and on majors to appropriate society, we, in the declining forest race, approved by the Cabinet to 2,020 in Japan and positions. The promotion of the Mount's participation in housework and the childhood railing

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澤田 佳世: as the one of the priority issues in the comprehensive majest to come back to. It's a a development and environment in which both manage. The women can balance work, and the judge dwelling

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and promotion of the mayor of participation in charge railing.

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澤田 佳世: including the and promotion. They have a male national public employees, and so they even for child care. And when it's lazing and dissemination of information amongst how should I get the child care.

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澤田 佳世: In addition, numerical targets were set

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澤田 佳世: for the wait, all the mail employees taking the to the 30% by 2025, and then the way to of mail into the is taking. I will be immediately after the first of this post to the 80%, and the outwards related to try to care and how to work her name with children on the 6 should be 2 h and the 30 min per day.

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澤田 佳世: which you can't.

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澤田 佳世: He acquired a start station in horseback and a charge of a language Pam.

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澤田 佳世: And this section looks at. We since trends in Japan regarding the to participation in host to work, and the church railing, which is considered a priority issue in the fire. Against such a. In Japan.

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澤田 佳世: the weight of the mount taking the try to Kelly, that in Japan has been a gradual upward trend over the long time.

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澤田 佳世: as you can see here. Obviously, if you get to this week in 2,018 6.1 6% of the map of checkpoint to leave, which is a compared to a 2.2% to the women, but it's sustained upward trend in the rate of amount taking

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澤田 佳世: me a while. with, we go to the adulation of the parental. We have taken the most to come on. Jo. Issue for women is the 10 to 12 months, followed by 12 to 18 months.

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澤田 佳世: while the most common duration for them is less than 5 days, followed by 5 days, 2 weeks.

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澤田 佳世: we rem to 70% of the amount taking less than 2 weeks. and these are some, and that is about my taking the try to kill. If then, we collect it in our field right?

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澤田 佳世: Hey? Looking at the the the we're in the. We're going to try to care for the time we use. Survey Japanese mail, spend less time on host, and they try to care than their account to be in developed with 10 countries.

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澤田 佳世: It's table, one paper and shows international the comparative data organ. I think the time rated. How was your work in the child of care for married Kappa with children out the 6 years old.

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澤田 佳世: Japanese men have a show this time for how it's work, and the child care. I'm not developed countries. Japan is here. Okay.

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澤田 佳世: On the other hand, the Japanese wide

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澤田 佳世: spend the most time on the housework, and the child of care compared to allergic to it. So you can see here.

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澤田 佳世: And this is also the song for this. Now, that is that, and all about the

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澤田 佳世: housework and the child care and their homes that we collect to you the as well.

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Yeah.

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澤田 佳世: I'm looking at the August side.

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澤田 佳世: the employment rate of Japanese. Me, it's 1,564 has been the highest amount Oecd. Member countries since 1,991, and they spend more time in paid work than the other than in other and most Western countries.

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澤田 佳世: The theed work hours in Japan are avoiding the Olympics for both men and women

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澤田 佳世: that it's paid to work always particularly low. And it compared with those and other advanced nations. You can see this table.

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澤田 佳世: And now, Bob, I'm paid working always. It's significant to show you, for now in Japan than in other industrial, it's country.

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澤田 佳世: So women's hour of unpaid wipe in Japan are also below the or you see the average. But then we share of mount to women and pay on pay, or it is 5.5 times.

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澤田 佳世: This is quite a higher them in other countries. Yeah, to other countries.

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澤田 佳世: Okay.

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澤田 佳世: okay, honestly, I, you would like to add one aspect of the man's involvement in charge of the bailing by focusing your bursts, attended by them, based on our Frederick in Japan.

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澤田 佳世: Each panel, the number of the couples who wish to have their husbands attend. Verses

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澤田 佳世: has been increasing since I was the late 19 eighties at the medical facilities, and began to allow husband to attend first

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澤田 佳世: at home request

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澤田 佳世: in the study we conducted in Japan in 2,000, the 18 to 2,019 they had to build, and we women interviewed participated in the reproductive process mainly through a witnessed versus like attending first, but also through bus propellation costs a company, health checkups, and the all in charge of care

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澤田 佳世: as well health care providers, and have also began to offer services and the programs and programs. We then not to the environment of a child's father.

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澤田 佳世: It's

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澤田 佳世: now I'll be some Friday who attended birth. Oh, their children.

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澤田 佳世: Oh, okay.

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澤田 佳世: sorry. Okay, I will. Yeah.

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澤田 佳世: I'll get your conclusion in Japan. The promotion of Mount Participation in housework, and they've charged the railing as a major against declining person. It's been more explicit in 2,000,

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澤田 佳世: and if you want to ask the country to give more oriented towards promoting.

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澤田 佳世: Go through a male participation in host back, and they try to kill remains. That's a very low. They are the signs of change into Tenos in in terms of the the late and the duration of the

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澤田 佳世: in Japanese society, which realize they're on a mail where to read a social web. Here, system, what kind of a logic I have them. They collect the meaning of a policy response to the decline in utility. Do mail use to participate in the process of reproduction in a broad sense.

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澤田 佳世: including how and the child dwelling. We would like to conduct future research on how changes mental attitude and behaviors toward bearing at the where we are raising the children

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澤田 佳世: aging, children will change the social values, and then almost to the chat bailing in a in a society with value focusing on Mount

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澤田 佳世: as well. Okay. that's all my presentation. Thank you for your kind of mission.

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Thank you, doctor. Soda.

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So let's welcome the next online presentation by Dr. Who?

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give me a second. I'm going to play your presentation.

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Weiyi Hu: Thank you

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this one.

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Good morning, everyone.

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I'm sorry. Dr. Who so your presentation is a

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it's not this one, right?

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It is it? Is it is this one. Actually, it is this one.

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It is this one. Okay, yes, it is. This was pre recorded.

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Oh, okay, so I can play your recording. Please. Yes, please. Okay, okay, thank you.

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So this is a pre-recorded presentation I'm going to play. Now.

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this is Wayi. Thank you for attending my presentation on the notion of leftover women and family life in contemporary Chinese society. Before we start this plantation, I would like to acknowledge that this video was recorded on the land of the Guardi people. I acknowledged their traditional ownership of this land, and pay respects to elders, past, present, and emerging. My learning practices are part of their rich and enduring legacy.

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I would also like to apologize for not being able to attend this event in person, due to work arrangements

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in this presentation. I will be focusing on answering one question. how has the transformations in familiar relations? If any conditioned the decline in marriage and birth rate in contemporary Chinese society.

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this question will be addressed in 3 parts. an overview of the phenomenon of decline in marriage and birth rate. a theoretical reflection on analyzing family as a field.

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and a case study that illustrates the struggles of single women. I argue that flight from marriage and parenthood allows individuals to negotiate and redefine the meaning of family as well as their position within it.

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It enables them to struggle against the orthodoxy under existing social conditions. for example, of a woman's life as a daughter, a wife, and a mother.

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Although family remains important, the decline in marriage and birth rate shows that family is a field of contestation and contingency in contemporary China.

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According to the 2022 annual Population Report of the National Bureau of Statistics. The number of deaths in China in 2022 exceeded the number of bus for the first time in the past 20 years. Death rate is higher than birth rate, a negative natural growth rate that is a decline in population was found.

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There is also a decline in marriage, as demonstrated in the 2022 annual population report. The number of registered marriages has been diminishing in the past 20 years, and reached the lowest point in 2021.

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This phenomenon of flight from marriage and parenthood that is a decline in marriage rate and birth rate. Despite the Chinese Government's recent effort in promoting traditional Chinese family values and two-tiled and even 3 child policy has been discussed and analyzed by scholars from both China and the West

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from a social policy perspective. For instance, Shuank and colleagues argue that one of the biggest challenges in reinforcing birth rate in China is the lack of governmental support. That is, the implementation of a balanced policy relating to work and family, including parental leave. Maternal leave with salary, trying to develop more child care agencies and encourage the working spaces to provide flexible work arrangements.

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The lack of willingness to reproduce seeing through this lens is caused by a lack of proper social support.

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This line of reasoning can also be found in studies that investigate Chinese people's births, related intention and behaviors. For example, Yen and colleagues argue that the main reason the Chinese Government failed to persuade people to have multiple children is that, regardless of the occupation type of the child Bearing Age group. A busy work schedule, coupled with the parenting of multiple children, can exhaust parents.

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In addition, Yen and colleagues point out that for school age, children's education the financial burden on the family has also increased, due to the expenditure on education within and outside of school.

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Seeing in this way the lack of proper social support and the high cost of education are tooming reasons that obstruct individuals. Intention to reproduce.

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as suggested in the study of yen and colleagues, financial investment in public nursery services, and a reduction in the educational costs of children of school age are necessary and urgent.

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The drop in verse. Rage is also directly associated with the decline in marriage. Lucia Prisonal, and colleagues, for instance, argue that an increasing number of Chinese women, especially those that are highly educated and in urbanized regions, consider it undesirable or unnecessary to become apparent, resulting in resisting the pressure from their own parents to their children.

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This is an interesting argument, as it challenges the common believe that it is important to get married and build a family in a timely manner. In China, an urban, highly educated, and professional female in her late 20 s. Or older, who is single, is often considered as a leftover woman.

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As Fincher explained, there is a sense of shared anxiety amongst urban Chinese women who are not married by their late 20 s. An anxiety of being left over spoiled, and therefore must be discarded by the society.

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The figure of a leftover woman is often considered a threat to the existing family culture in China. Studies of the decline in birth and marriage rage, as discussed, elucidated the difficulties of child rearing for working parents, and thus highlighted the importance of social support in shaping and reinforcing people's intention to reproduce.

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however, the changing dynamics of Chinese families, that is, the contingent tensions and struggles of familiar relations between different positions, a father and their familiar responsibilities. Visa v. A mother, and their familiar responsibilities, for instance, are often taken for granted in studies as such.

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In the following section I propose an analytical approach to family as family field. Using Baudur's theoretical framework of field habitour and capital.

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I argue that such an approach enables us to see the changing dynamics of family and familiar relations, both of which are crucial in shaping parenthood.

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In his book from soil Chinese sociologist, Faye Outhon wrote that family is the most basic group in organizing social relations in Chinese culture.

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distinct from other social institutions, such as the school family is considered temporary in nature. because the function of procreation is fulfilled in a relatively short time span.

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and the children quickly grow up and leave their parents care, and then they, too, take on the tasks of giving birth to and raising their own children. they argued, and I quote.

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family does not only function to satisfy various needs of men and women. but it also acts as the institution within which social expectations and the responsibilities of men and women are produced.

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realized, and reproduced. and of Port voodoo uses different words. To describe a similar perception. The family is the product of an institutionalization, both ritual and technical.

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The functional aim of the family, in other words, is to produce in its members a durable feeling that ensures the existence and the reproduction of the family unit and its familiar relations.

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This also includes the reproduction of parenthood according to Boudo. To think in terms of field is to think relationally. that is to say, a field may be defined as a network or a configuration of objective relations between positions.

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In other words, to think in terms of the family field is to think in terms of familiar relations. The sketching of the family field, therefore, requires an illustration of the structural positions and the objective relations between these provisions within the family.

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As you can see here, I have listed the 3 steps proposed by Bordeaux in order to explicate family as a field. The advantage of perceiving family as a field is that it helps us understand the significance of family in the society.

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the family field vis-a-vis, the social field of power. Additionally it illuminates the meaning of family, the priorities, responsibilities, the struggles, so on and so forth. According to its members.

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Such illustration, moreover, offers insight into the decisions family members make it sheds light on the context within which the trajectory of reproduction and parenthood are shaped.

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The matter of family, of marriage and parenthood, therefore, is not exclusively defined by individual choice. it is embedded within and structured by familiar relations.

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In the last part of this presentation. Let's have a look at what Chinese people have to say about family and parenthood through this analytical length or family field. The aim of this following case study is to bring to light the struggles, individuals experience to redefine the meaning of family. That is the meaning of the position that they occupy in relation to other members within the family.

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through highlighting such transformations in familiar relations. If any, I wish to shed light on the decline in marriage and bus rate in contemporary Chinese society.

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The case study presented here a part of my doctoral field work, conducted in 2,019 in Shanghai, China. At the time of the interview this participant, Carrie, was single, and in her mid 30 s. She was both perceived by others, and jokingly self-defined as a leftover woman. Carrie is now married.

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Harry passionately discussed family, and the term left over women. as you can see, I provided a few excerpts here. There are a few very interesting points in Carrie's view of being single being married family, and a woman's trajectory in the society.

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While you're reading through this, I would like to discuss in particular the idea of 3 points of obedience and for virtues, a confusion. Concept, vis-a-vis, marriage and child bearing as a lifestyle choice

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this remark on 3 points of obedience and 4 virtues, explicitly highlights the primacy of family life. In defining a woman in Chinese society 3 points of obedience and 4 virtues is a Confucian concept

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in case anyone was not familiar with it, which was a moral standard for women, and used Imen as a selection criterion for choosing a wife in Asian Chinese culture.

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The 3 points of obedience refers to being obedient to one's father before marriage. being obedient to one's husband after marriage. and being obedient to one's son when the husband passes away.

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the 4 virtues include morality. knowledge, and verbal expression. appearance and manner and skills of being a homemaker.

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In accordance with this confusion concept, the family setting is fundamental in defining a woman's life. A woman is never just a woman. It is impossible to describe her and her identity without addressing her position within the family.

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and as such a woman is always a father's daughter before she becomes a husband's wife, and ultimately she is destined to become a mother of her children.

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You may be wondering if these cultural specificities still apply in the contemporary context. it still does. Oddly, this new confusion idea is present in contemporary society, particularly under the current climate

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a sharp decline in marriage and parenthood. We can find this ancient believe in the premise of family, in defining a person's life. In most of the public speeches and writings from the General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party. So jinking

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traditional Chinese family virtues are heavily propagated in recent years. My argument here is that the confession of this leftover woman in China tests light on values that stretch beyond status and identity, and beyond what social policies seek to address when it comes to reproduction.

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Carrie's remark of whether you're single or married, or divorced, or divorced with children, you can always live a good life. Marriage is a decision. and child bearing is a decision.

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Draw attention to the relational concepts of freedom. alienation, and oppression. all of which are central to a woman's life as a daughter, a wife, or a mother.

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Carrie's remarks also point to the changing dynamics of family field. They shed light on the redefinition of men, women, husband, wife, father, mother, that individuals are struggling for

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as carry critiques and argues for a social condition under which everyone is equal. She is depicting a society where women have freedom, an alternative reality.

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and that a woman's life is no longer defined exclusively through her position within the family.

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the possibilities to become who a person desires to become in this hopeful light, or to be infinite and no longer bounded to, they are often taken for granted familiar roles and responsibilities.

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singing this way, the trajectory of parenthood, of whether a woman or anyone chooses to reproduce or not is not merely a matter of adequate social support for parenthood or government policy.

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Rather, it is a question about a society within which individuals have the freedom to be, to define the meaning of family life and parenthood for themselves. In a society as such no woman would be worried about being left over.

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The family field still has a strong group on individuals, however, what matters in the family field is changing as highlighted by the statistics cited in the beginning of this presentation. It is members of the family field, who are redefining the field through practicing marriage and parent good differently.

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Thank you for your time.

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Thank you, Dr. Whose pre-recorded presentation now we are opening off the floor for Q. And A. So anyone who have questions please come forward and speak through the mic, so that the presenters on Zoom will be able to hear it. Thank you.

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So for participants on Zoom. You can also post your questions through the zoom chat. Thank you.

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Oh, yes.

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please, please go ahead. You want us to identify ourselves. Yes, please, Susan Mcdaniel, the University of Victoria in Canada. I have a question for the last speaker. Is she still online. that is, who are you, Alani?

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Weiyi Hu: Yes, I am.

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Oh, good When I was a visiting scholar in Xian, in China, I saw a huge well, several very large fertility hospitals, and the suggestion I took from that is the pressure to have children, even when you're on the edge of childbearing age.

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and I wonder what kind of pressure that would put on women, to what the medical pressure would be on women to become mothers, or if that's not an issue at all.

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Thank you.

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Weiyi Hu: Thank you. Thank you very much for your question. my field work didn't really tap into

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Weiyi Hu: the medicalization of motherhood. but I guess my guess my understanding for the current culture would be that People throughout the child rowing appropriate age range

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Weiyi Hu: would be stress to go through fertility treatments simply because the birth rate is very low in China at the moment, and as the statistics from the National Bureau as presented in the presentation for the first time, we actually have a negatively associated birth rate and and death rate.

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Weiyi Hu: so I, my understanding would be, the pressure would still be very high. And even for people who are older.

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Weiyi Hu: socially considered, older for for reproduction. does that make sense? Does that answer your question?

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Yes.

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okay. Thank you. So next question, please come forward.

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These.

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yes, please.

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if possible. Could you please just introduce yourself to

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please.

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Yes, yeah. So it's open floor. You can ask a question to anyone. Yeah, thank you.  hello, and thank you for.

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or I'll be a

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interesting and

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encouraging presentation for you all.

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and my name is Yukiko Santa from Japan.

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and I'd like I'd like to ask

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some more, and and from Dr. Salada

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looks to solid up. Are you there?

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 And my question is that, how do you think the relationship between low fertility in Japan and the increasing of forces and charter.

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Child, a child, parent.

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and can you grasp what I mean? What I mean?

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And while in child, child, child, birthright declining, and the first of presentation in child

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child parenting is increasing. What do you think the relationship between them?

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I'm not sure if my English is not so good, and I'm not sure you can cross my and I can get it.

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澤田 佳世: Yes.

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thank you.

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Thank you, Dr. Swada, please.

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so you you are muted.

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澤田 佳世: Okay. Can you hear me? Well, thank you for your thank you for the great question about my presentation.

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澤田 佳世: I I got your meaning out there your question, and I'm the religious the relationship between the mountains for this participation in charge of

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澤田 佳世: railing and the and the in Japan.

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澤田 佳世: this is our actually said, I mean, that relationship is quite big, and

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澤田 佳世: which is said in their demographic or studies we in Japan. But my research topic. And my research perspective is not in that kind of

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澤田 佳世: that kind of object here. So

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澤田 佳世: even if I mean whether the relationship is there or not?

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I would like to.

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澤田 佳世: I'd like to explore the

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澤田 佳世: I mean, without the relationship between the social call or some declining. So the I'm just interested in that. Why and how Japanese man participate in, I mean, want to participate in the charity building or without any

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澤田 佳世: intention about the collect you every forty-t or not.

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澤田 佳世: So that's my research topic. So I can, I can't answer I can. This is really good question. But my research. Maybe such objective is not. in that kind of perspective

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澤田 佳世: join?

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澤田 佳世: Thank you.

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澤田 佳世: Yes, on it. Thank you very much. And I understand this is your situation? Very well, thank you very much. Thank you.

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Thank you for the question. So do we have questions for paper one and and people 2

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or any question that's fine to yeah, please please come forward.

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So Hi, I'm tension being a Phd student from Stanford University, and I have a question for that to like a child and Dr. Chan. And so my question is about like a really to inference of a label for a pest and patient rate, and your results suggest a higher grade, promoter. higher fertility, intention.

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However, I'm curious about the effect, because, virus across different industry, for example, we will see, like a little agricultural region or a agriculture focus state. They may usually have higher label for participation, especially for women. So, and the lowest one that maybe like have more traditional attitude to award like fertility. So they may have a

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higher fertility detention. So I'm wondering, like I think it could potentially come from the effect of labor force participation here. So I'm wondering if there is any possibility they can add verbal, such as in that tree or the in factory, or some

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like the economic development in such region, to your analyze, to help us to understand the effect of labor, force, participation.

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Thank you.

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So please come forward. Then you can respond from this stage podium.

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Yes.

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So we use the India as the case. I think it's easier for the women living in the rural area easier to meet their security intention.

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So June, we see, look at will be smaller between the intention, a real behavior, but for the higher socio-economic status, for example, that the Indian women living in the urban area joy. They have very high intention, but have a lower. fertility behavior. So it's the the Gap Journal is the larger compared between the urban and rural area. So

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based on the survey, we always see the higher intention among the women in urban and higher socio-economic status. But for the we were living in the rural area, I think they are easier to meet.

431
01:31:56.840 --> 01:32:15.779
They are real behavior. So they will have the more babies. So based on the survey data we really see. For the high educated women in India they always show higher intention. But the women in the rural area we do not really see it.

432
01:32:15.860 --> 01:32:21.050
and it's very significant during the pandemic period.

433
01:32:21.430 --> 01:32:22.430
So

434
01:32:26.690 --> 01:32:32.080
thank you for the question, adding one more things about the type of a work.

435
01:32:32.130 --> 01:32:46.870
So maybe we we will explore more about the type of work of the women. Maybe they working at home, not outside. So that's very common for the low-income countries. Yeah. But thank you.

436
01:32:51.470 --> 01:32:58.390
All right. So do we have more questions, especially a question for the paper in Russia or Russia.

437
01:32:59.880 --> 01:33:02.270
Let me check if you have questions on Zoom.

438
01:33:06.310 --> 01:33:07.880
Okay, we don't.

439
01:33:13.290 --> 01:33:29.009
Okay. So if people are still thinking I want to also question to on the for the paper on Russia. So doctors several plus sova. I I hope I put off your name correctly.

440
01:33:29.010 --> 01:33:49.700
So your paper is very rich, so many different findings from survey interviews, and also the official statistics. So I'm not expert on Russia demographies, but I read news about migration, especially young skilled workers, migrations

441
01:33:49.700 --> 01:33:59.560
during the pandemic. So they did that they went to like is European countries or other countries nearby

442
01:33:59.560 --> 01:34:27.170
in order to escape from the lockdown policies. So I don't know how large the migration is, but I'm just wondering whether this kind of Migration affects the the general Intention of fertility, because it seems like The lifestyles are pursuing. Freedom of movement or other aspirations kind of affect the young generation's ideas. Thank you.

443
01:34:27.970 --> 01:34:34.880
Svetlana Sivoplyasova: Thank you for your attention. What about migration in the pandemic period?

444
01:34:35.320 --> 01:34:39.850
Svetlana Sivoplyasova: if you say about immigration.

445
01:34:40.140 --> 01:34:52.350
Svetlana Sivoplyasova: and the immigration, too. it was a lowest level in

446
01:34:52.470 --> 01:34:53.490
Svetlana Sivoplyasova: hmm.

447
01:34:53.810 --> 01:34:58.519
Svetlana Sivoplyasova: 2021 century. If we can say that.

448
01:34:58.570 --> 01:35:09.680
Svetlana Sivoplyasova: And currently speaking what about fertility and migration? the immigration it? No, so

449
01:35:10.080 --> 01:35:12.379
Svetlana Sivoplyasova: no, no, not somewhere in this

450
01:35:12.510 --> 01:35:20.909
Svetlana Sivoplyasova: in the indicators of fertility in Russia. And it's about to

451
01:35:21.070 --> 01:35:25.949
Svetlana Sivoplyasova: in your 3 of those.

452
01:35:26.350 --> 01:35:41.760
Svetlana Sivoplyasova: hmm! I did it by migrants and in addition for for this. I can see about migration and and marriages, and it's no how

453
01:35:42.590 --> 01:35:53.060
Svetlana Sivoplyasova: level 2. It's about 7 7 of marriages

454
01:35:53.090 --> 01:35:58.310
Svetlana Sivoplyasova: and between migrants and the citizenship gotcha.

455
01:35:59.760 --> 01:36:09.270
Thank you. That's a very precise answer. So I know that the migration isn't like a big impact on the for the fertility intentions.

456
01:36:09.500 --> 01:36:13.319
So Do. We have more questions? please please come forward.

457
01:36:20.040 --> 01:36:22.959
I'm Amy Kote. I from Japan.

458
01:36:23.020 --> 01:36:38.230
I have a question to Dr. Whose last presentator do you observe any legacies of the prime time of the Socialist period

459
01:36:38.230 --> 01:37:05.610
when I did my Researches in China in 1990, S. And early 2,000, I found a quite good conditions for women to raise children, good child care centers, and immense participation in domestic works. So but you didn't mention any. Legacies of this period. Are there anything left?

460
01:37:07.000 --> 01:37:33.109
Weiyi Hu: Thank you. Thank you for your question. This is such a wonderful question. I did not include any of the discussion of the legacy from the Socialist period, from my studies. when I was investigating on people's understanding, or people's perception, or family, or what family life is about. I suspect, from the quality, from the interview data that I bought. I suspect the reason is that

461
01:37:33.790 --> 01:37:41.240
Weiyi Hu: due to the cultural revolution, a lot of the lifestyle in the past has been

462
01:37:41.930 --> 01:38:09.620
Weiyi Hu: what would be the term has been intentionally, collectively erased by the Government. So the talk of the past is that the idea of talking about the past and past lifestyle is actually quite a sensitive issue among many of my participants. the age range that I had for my studies. had a large cluster around the 30 30 something, people so 30 to 40.

463
01:38:09.620 --> 01:38:24.620
Weiyi Hu: And when we get to an older age from the 50 to 70, I was only able to recruit less than 5 participants, and it was very difficult for them to talk about what was the life before, or what what was the life like for their parents.

464
01:38:24.620 --> 01:38:40.489
Weiyi Hu: so I think, yes, this, this, this is quite an issue. And I I actually I overlooked that, and I wasn't able to get down to the details. for for the the the memories or the aftermath of of the of the Socialist part of China.

465
01:38:40.590 --> 01:38:42.759
Weiyi Hu: I I hope that answers your question.

466
01:38:44.500 --> 01:38:46.849
Thank you. Thank you very much.

467
01:38:47.510 --> 01:38:48.389
Thank you.

468
01:38:48.620 --> 01:38:50.129
More questions.

469
01:38:57.910 --> 01:38:59.570
or anyone on Zoom

470
01:39:01.030 --> 01:39:01.740
the.

471
01:39:02.240 --> 01:39:03.540
Oh, yes.

472
01:39:03.850 --> 01:39:05.740
okay, please.

473
01:39:06.110 --> 01:39:11.210
Svetlana Sivoplyasova: I have a question to. if it possible.

474
01:39:12.260 --> 01:39:14.919
Svetlana Sivoplyasova: yes, please go ahead.

475
01:39:15.020 --> 01:39:35.069
Svetlana Sivoplyasova: You say, about e-commerce? It's conception, can you say more detailed about the system? And the question is, is this term used in in a positive mine? Or maybe with

476
01:39:41.380 --> 01:39:44.639
so can you? Response? Thank you.

477
01:39:44.870 --> 01:39:58.030
澤田 佳世: Okay, thank you for your question about the Tom of equilibrium and the social phenomenon in Japan, and that actually, it is our hmm

478
01:39:58.280 --> 01:40:18.900
澤田 佳世: in a public meetings the people, some people, and you use the e-commerce is as a very positive for a post to meetings. But you know, some studies like you from the jet perspective or

479
01:40:22.160 --> 01:40:22.850
澤田 佳世: right.

480
01:40:23.030 --> 01:40:27.209
澤田 佳世: Can you hear me? Sorry about that? Please continue. Oh, okay.

481
01:40:27.840 --> 01:40:46.830
澤田 佳世: yeah. The. And in some studies from the gender perspective, it's or some sociological studies are the E command. And they also that it's phenomenal in Japan is criticized from the perspective of something like that. Those kind of perspective as well.

482
01:40:46.990 --> 01:40:47.720
澤田 佳世: Yeah.

483
01:40:47.880 --> 01:40:50.930
Svetlana Sivoplyasova: okay.

484
01:40:53.190 --> 01:40:54.729
any more questions.

485
01:41:01.610 --> 01:41:18.519
All right. So actually, session will end at about 1220. So we are only 3 min earlier. So I want to thank you all the presenters here to be with us. I would also thank all the participants for being here.

486
01:41:18.570 --> 01:41:22.760
so actually do we have. one more question by.

487
01:41:24.140 --> 01:41:43.120
Yes, it's not a question, but I want to thank everybody for their wonderful presentations. But I'd like to invite people, if we could, to an integrative session that's been organized by our colleague here, Amico O'chai as sponsored by this research group, a research committee

488
01:41:43.120 --> 01:42:01.899
and the Japanese and the Vietnamese societies. it's at 1230 on Thursday, and some very interesting new data is going to be presented at that session. So maybe look it up, and I urge you to come. It's very interesting. She's done a wonderful job as always.

489
01:42:02.610 --> 01:42:03.590
Okay.

490
01:42:06.430 --> 01:42:36.319
so this research group is our Co 6 family research. So please will come to like to our sessions tomorrow. like. yeah. Professor said so again, thank you. All the participants for being here and for understanding that we have in this hybrid way. So doing the presentations. And so, if you have more questions, please engage with the authors and presenters. thank you again. Please give a wrong applause to all the presenters. Thank you.