WEBVTT 1 00:00:00.001 --> 00:00:11.000 Okay, afternoon. Er, friends and colleagues. We are now about to start. My name is Mukung Simon Mapadeim from South Africa. 2 00:00:11.000 --> 00:00:18.000 I'm a member of the RCO 7 as well. And it's good to see you here. 3 00:00:18.000 --> 00:00:24.000 We have 2 presenters. This session has 3 presenters, but the first presenter is not here. 4 00:00:24.000 --> 00:00:32.000 And so we will start with the second presenter here is Dr. Farrad Caviani is here with us. 5 00:00:32.000 --> 00:00:46.000 And then it would be followed by the our third presenter who is remote so we have one presenter here and the other one of a remote and I think we thought much further do. 6 00:00:46.000 --> 00:00:53.000 The details of presenters are here. Dr. Farrell Caveian as you can see. 7 00:00:53.000 --> 00:01:05.000 Is at Monash. With Monash, for it. So you'll just introduce yourself and then give us a presentation and then give us a presentation on this session. 8 00:01:05.000 --> 00:01:16.000 Yes, so I hand over to you what happened is like you have 20 min but you know it gives us even more time because it's only 2 presenters So I'm not going to rush you. 9 00:01:16.000 --> 00:01:26.000 Present and then after that we take questions. And then after that then we give the next presenter a chance. 10 00:01:26.000 --> 00:01:34.000 Maybe the third one will come. Either way, we have enough time. The session ends at 1720 so we have more than enough time. 11 00:01:34.000 --> 00:01:44.000 So I want to hand over to you for it. Thank you. 12 00:01:44.000 --> 00:01:57.000 Hi everyone. So yeah, my name is Fred Kaviani from Monash University. I'm a research fellow at the Emerging Technologies Research Lab. 13 00:01:57.000 --> 00:02:06.000 And I was quite disappointed that the first speaker wasn't there because what they were going to speak about would have set up my discussion. 14 00:02:06.000 --> 00:02:16.000 Quite nicely because I think they were contextualizing the idea of futures. In sociology and specific approaches to thinking about the future. 15 00:02:16.000 --> 00:02:38.000 Whereas my presentation is an applied method used in sociology, anthropology, design futures and critical futures methods and thinking to build futures, build future scenarios. 16 00:02:38.000 --> 00:02:46.000 So I'll get into it. So. 17 00:02:46.000 --> 00:02:57.000 Just press the arrows. Okay, cool. Yes, firstly I will acknowledge that the 4 Australian campuses, Mohnish campuses on the lanes of the cooling nations. 18 00:02:57.000 --> 00:03:07.000 So I just acknowledge past present and emerging. Elders and also that sovereignty was 19 00:03:07.000 --> 00:03:20.000 And also acknowledge that the, what I'll be talking about is part of a larger four-year ARC linkage project called the Digital Energy Futures. 20 00:03:20.000 --> 00:03:34.000 And it's an industry project with Ausgrid, Osnet services and NG Consumers Australia and I As I mentioned, I'm a research fellow there. 21 00:03:34.000 --> 00:03:48.000 It was 4 years I came in in the fourth year. And to join the research team. Professor Yolandi Stringers who's CI and Professor Sarah Pink. 22 00:03:48.000 --> 00:03:54.000 Dr. Lisa Nichols, Dr. Kerry Dahlgren, Dr. Rick's Martin and Dr. 23 00:03:54.000 --> 00:03:58.000 Hannah Corsmai. 24 00:03:58.000 --> 00:04:07.000 So and also I just acknowledge that there's some scenario illustrations there and thereby, Steve Elgate. 25 00:04:07.000 --> 00:04:17.000 So today I'll give a very brief outline of the digital energy futures project. A little background to energy scenarios. 26 00:04:17.000 --> 00:04:28.000 And then I will walk you through the stages of building the scenarios and the implications of our research in the scenario outcomes. 27 00:04:28.000 --> 00:04:44.000 So The digitaligital Engineering Futures Project. So it's a four-year as I mentioned ARC funded industry partnership project and essentially what it asks is how will people live in the future and what will that mean for energy and forecasting? 28 00:04:44.000 --> 00:04:56.000 So it kind of turns around. The traditional way that futures are forecasted for, which is thinking about what energy demands will be like in the future. 29 00:04:56.000 --> 00:05:07.000 What we're asking is how will people live in the future? And what will that mean for energy? 30 00:05:07.000 --> 00:05:18.000 So we Oh, sorry. Too loud? Oh, okay, that's right. Cheers. 31 00:05:18.000 --> 00:05:36.000 So the project prioritizes qualitative evidence. And the interrogation of consumer lived experiences. Integration sorry and consumer experiences and visions with already existing industry scenarios. 32 00:05:36.000 --> 00:05:54.000 So. We really wanted to integrate our findings into the scenarios that already exist. Because The whole project was 4 years of ethnography. 33 00:05:54.000 --> 00:05:58.000 Content analysis of industry reports. Semi-structured and diffuse workshop design projects and foresight projects. 34 00:05:58.000 --> 00:06:16.000 But we wanted to be able to communicate that in a way that the energy industry is used to. So they build scenarios to think about the future. 35 00:06:16.000 --> 00:06:22.000 So we really want to be able to translate the knowledge in a way that will be meaningful to industry. 36 00:06:22.000 --> 00:06:30.000 And I'll get into that a little bit more. So the project as I mentioned 4 years and the scenario building process represents the sixth stage of the project. 37 00:06:30.000 --> 00:06:48.000 In the first stage we analyzed 64 industry reports. To identify. The expectations that industry have of how people are going to live in the future. 38 00:06:48.000 --> 00:07:01.000 So all of these types of socio-technical imaginaries. In stage 2 we conducted ethnographic research with households. 39 00:07:01.000 --> 00:07:07.000 Foregrounding social practice theory to analyze the trends and how people live and how they see their lives unfolding. 40 00:07:07.000 --> 00:07:24.000 I'll get a little bit more into the theoretical foundations as we go along. So stage 3, we quantified all the findings from those initial stages through the national ECBS survey. 41 00:07:24.000 --> 00:07:28.000 So energy consumers. I can't remember what their curriculum stands for. Sentiment and behavior or something. 42 00:07:28.000 --> 00:07:42.000 But yeah, so we quantified all of the findings and in the fourth stage we created some demand management opportunities. 43 00:07:42.000 --> 00:07:47.000 So the way that industry think about 44 00:07:47.000 --> 00:08:00.000 How to encourage or motivate people to shift their energy use. To take constraints off the grid. You know, these are demand management opportunities. 45 00:08:00.000 --> 00:08:16.000 So we're presented 15 tailored approaches for industry. In stage 4, sorry, stage 5, we conducted the future focus design ethnography workshops. 46 00:08:16.000 --> 00:08:28.000 Where we generated 14 4 sighting concepts. That I'll get into further as well. 47 00:08:28.000 --> 00:08:35.000 And stage 6 is. What will be I'll be discussing today. Okay, so. Background to energy scenarios. 48 00:08:35.000 --> 00:08:47.000 Now, if you're not familiar with scenarios, many industries employ scenarios as a method to deal with uncertainties about the future. 49 00:08:47.000 --> 00:09:00.000 The energy industry particularly use scenarios to think about what the grid, the impact on the grid might look like in the future. 50 00:09:00.000 --> 00:09:16.000 So the purpose isn't to predict the future but merely to plan and prepare investments. And shape public discourse and inform policy. 51 00:09:16.000 --> 00:09:29.000 And scenarios are used as they have, they have a lot of wait in the way that decision making is conducted. 52 00:09:29.000 --> 00:09:42.000 If you've heard of AIMO, the Australian engine market operator, they create scenarios and government policy a lot of it is reflective of some of the those scenario expectations. 53 00:09:42.000 --> 00:10:02.000 So they although they're not presented as kind of images of what this future will . They are used in present-day moments for making decisions that will shape the future. 54 00:10:02.000 --> 00:10:21.000 So. The process to building energy scenarios and industry is or just scenarios in general is to select elements of the system that They believe will create the best representation. 55 00:10:21.000 --> 00:10:42.000 And currently, industry scenarios, few people and their energy technologies such as Electric vehicles, rooftop solar and energy storage systems batteries as the greatest uncertainty facing the future grid. 56 00:10:42.000 --> 00:10:52.000 Because industry doesn't have an idea of how people are going to be using these technologies and what that might mean for the future screen. 57 00:10:52.000 --> 00:11:00.000 So Our approach to scenario building as I mentioned is grounded in social practice theory, critical futures and design ethnography. 58 00:11:00.000 --> 00:11:10.000 So from the social practice theory perspectives perspective, sorry. People make energy related choices within varied and dynamic worlds. 59 00:11:10.000 --> 00:11:22.000 So they acquire and develop knowages which mesh and emerge out of household practices. And routines. 60 00:11:22.000 --> 00:11:38.000 And it's situated within cultural and temporarily specific environments and locations. And so to bring this, to bring people's everyday lives more firmly into view. 61 00:11:38.000 --> 00:11:49.000 Professor Yolandi Stringers proposed inviting researchers to identify which practices rather than large sociotechnical orders. 62 00:11:49.000 --> 00:12:15.000 Might emerge in the future as a result of current trends in everyday life. So by considering these different domains in which practices, anchored such as everyday cooking and cleaning, caring practices, living and play. 63 00:12:15.000 --> 00:12:20.000 You know, all of these ideas that, goes beyond the energy demand that's associated with those practices. 64 00:12:20.000 --> 00:12:38.000 But rather towards the routines that surround technology use and energy use. So instead of socio-technical visions as Professor String has proposed the concept of social practice imaginaries. 65 00:12:38.000 --> 00:12:42.000 And design an ethnography, incorporating that allowed us to really focus on the experiential realities and everyday life situations. 66 00:12:42.000 --> 00:13:05.000 And employed designs focus on futures. And critical futures. Has critique at its core and we engage it we engage some critical futures methodologies. 67 00:13:05.000 --> 00:13:23.000 Engaging foresight as a tool for revealing these uncertainties and or demonstrate that in more detail. So to create these scenarios of everyday living in the future. 68 00:13:23.000 --> 00:13:36.000 We first deconstructed how industry see people see that energy system in the future. 69 00:13:36.000 --> 00:13:40.000 So I we deconstructed 14 reports and the energy scenarios within them to gain an understanding of how they currently see people living in the future. 70 00:13:40.000 --> 00:13:58.000 In their energy scenarios. So industry when they think about people, they're usually foregrounding people's technologies. 71 00:13:58.000 --> 00:14:08.000 Rather than how people are going to live. In fact, looking at the scenarios. Their industry have over 46 of them. 72 00:14:08.000 --> 00:14:23.000 There was no consideration of how people were actually going to live in the future. We were able to distill 3 types or archetypes of people that existed within. 73 00:14:23.000 --> 00:14:33.000 The energy industries. Scenarios. All of the scenarios could be categorized within one of these 3 types. 74 00:14:33.000 --> 00:14:49.000 So we had the disruptive technology scenarios that presented a scenario where all of a sudden energy technologies became affordable so everybody rushes and purchases, purchases them and they all go off the grid. 75 00:14:49.000 --> 00:15:10.000 So that creates high degrees of uncertainty for the future energy grid. Also, they expect low participation. But at the core of these types of scenarios, to make them realistic, their industry imagined people actually have an innate desire to live off the grid. 76 00:15:10.000 --> 00:15:28.000 Then there's the consumer participation scenarios where people are able to participate with the energy system but through their technologies through a market based platform and people are, they're engaged. 77 00:15:28.000 --> 00:15:35.000 They are willing to be incentivized and malleable but ultimately they want some form of control over the energy technologies. 78 00:15:35.000 --> 00:15:52.000 And then we had the automated futures. Type of scenarios which are incidentally the types of scenarios that industry believe are the most likely to occur and many of their roadmaps. 79 00:15:52.000 --> 00:16:17.000 A linear. Punt path towards this future. This is the type of future that in this industry would prefer because it enables certainty over the grid because all of the technologies are automated and in these scenarios people embrace automation they adapt their lifestyle to the needs of the grid. 80 00:16:17.000 --> 00:16:25.000 So these were the 3 types of. Kind of core scenarios that exist in the energy industry. 81 00:16:25.000 --> 00:16:35.000 And the 3 archetypes of people that they employ. So. Phase 2. Was to break these scenarios down even further. 82 00:16:35.000 --> 00:16:53.000 And to interrogate the types of assumptions, expectations and outcomes within these poor scenarios. And so we did that by utilizing all of the evidence from the previous stages of the project. 83 00:16:53.000 --> 00:17:05.000 So this required breaking down the storylines, the elements and the beliefs and interactions between the components within these industry scenarios. 84 00:17:05.000 --> 00:17:15.000 So you can see here on the left. We We have an example of a broken down component of the disruptive technology scenarios. 85 00:17:15.000 --> 00:17:21.000 Their storyline is disruptive technologies are aggressively pursued and become cost competitive. Customers change their consumption patterns and they operate off the grid. 86 00:17:21.000 --> 00:17:38.000 And so We were able to identify here a certain way that industry thinks about people. So the first industry has this idea that people are calculated and rational in their approach to energy, right? 87 00:17:38.000 --> 00:17:44.000 And they think about that the way people Use energy is through consumption of it. So consuming is another concept. 88 00:17:44.000 --> 00:18:00.000 And there's this idea of off-the-grid that everybody wants to live off the grit and when they say off the grid they believe Sorry, of course. 89 00:18:00.000 --> 00:18:09.000 And so in our in the fourth stage in our design workshops We as I mentioned we generated 4 sighting concepts. 90 00:18:09.000 --> 00:18:21.000 So instead of these kind of industry concepts We presented some alternatives that were informed by evidence. Generated from people. 91 00:18:21.000 --> 00:18:31.000 And from our ethnography. So instead of calculating rational, we know that people are actually resourceful and generous in their approach to energy. 92 00:18:31.000 --> 00:18:46.000 People actually put their values at the center. Of their approach to energy and their approach to sharing it. And instead of consuming the way that people use energy or think about energy, it's they prioritize their values of care and comfort and safety. 93 00:18:46.000 --> 00:19:05.000 And we also found that Ultimately when people talk about living off grid they actually would prefer, to have the grid as a sort of backup to their off-grid lifestyle. 94 00:19:05.000 --> 00:19:17.000 So we kind of interrogated all of these components within the scenarios. We used the reframing for sliding concepts to kind of reframing for sliding concepts to kind of reframe how we use the reframing for sliding concepts to kind of reframe how industry thinks. 95 00:19:17.000 --> 00:19:29.000 Or how they conceptualise people within their scenarios. And then from by doing this we developed a rationale to how we're going to approach the building of our scenarios. 96 00:19:29.000 --> 00:19:44.000 So the rest now was really a key knowledge gap to help us to. Kind of have parameters around how we're going to build internally consistent scenarios. 97 00:19:44.000 --> 00:19:52.000 So. In the disruptive technology scenarios. We wanted to think about What's the role of? 98 00:19:52.000 --> 00:20:02.000 Consumer electronics and disrupting the energy sector? Because in disruptive technology scenarios, the focus is really on energy technologies. 99 00:20:02.000 --> 00:20:19.000 Sorry. In the posterior consumer participation scenarios, our rationale to reconstruct was this idea that The grid should enable and encourage and prepare for diverse forms of participation, not just participation through market. 100 00:20:19.000 --> 00:20:46.000 Market based platforms. And then in the automated futures scenarios. We wanted to reframe pivoted on the key gaps within those scenarios which the absence of consideration of how people and the way that they use energy might change and relation to extreme climate events. 101 00:20:46.000 --> 00:20:59.000 And also we wanted to think about what will the future look like if As industry expects, everybody will be changing their daily patterns and routines to align with the needs of the grid. 102 00:20:59.000 --> 00:21:08.000 Well, how are institutional regime is going to shift to to allow people to be able to change their everyday routines. 103 00:21:08.000 --> 00:21:13.000 And so we did this, sorry, there's a lot on the screen. Bring you 4 years of data collection into one quick little presentation. 104 00:21:13.000 --> 00:21:30.000 We built. The scenarios based of all of the evidence gathered from those 4 stages. So as you can see here, here's an example on the left. 105 00:21:30.000 --> 00:21:35.000 We have that one component of the disruptive technology scenarios where they're aggressively pursued, customers change their consumption pennies and operate off the grid. 106 00:21:35.000 --> 00:21:44.000 So we have our 4 siding concepts that enabled us to rethink what this component might actually look like. 107 00:21:44.000 --> 00:21:56.000 If it was informed by evidence from people and people thinking about how they might live in the future. So we used our 4 sites. 108 00:21:56.000 --> 00:22:09.000 We used the ethnographic trends that were identified in the second stage, the quantified trains, and the mega trains from the industry content analysis of those 64 reports. 109 00:22:09.000 --> 00:22:22.000 And we were able to bring all that together into the social practice imaginaries where we find quite a Quite a contrasted, future. 110 00:22:22.000 --> 00:22:38.000 For this particular scenario if energy technologies were to become affordable. So in this one smart home technologies are widely adopted for the pleasure convenience and comfort that they offer households with little concern for their energy consumption. 111 00:22:38.000 --> 00:22:48.000 And so as I know people will remain on the grid and so the outcomes for the future in EGB would be starkly different to what industry expects. 112 00:22:48.000 --> 00:23:05.000 And we have our 4 scenarios here. So in contrast to the disruptive nature of energy, we have creature comforts where consumer electronics and devices disrupt load management objectives. 113 00:23:05.000 --> 00:23:18.000 And then. These are very brief summaries of the scenarios. At the end I've got a QR code that you scan to see the report that has the 4 scenarios in them. 114 00:23:18.000 --> 00:23:35.000 So in contrast to the consumer participation scenarios, our scenario sharing the load shows how the grid actually becomes an enabler of participation of diverse forms of participation supporting community well-being. 115 00:23:35.000 --> 00:23:52.000 And in response to the automated futures scenarios we have hunkering down where everyday life is defined by this automated technologies and we we try to demonstrate what that might look like and we find that people are quite likely to override these automated features. 116 00:23:52.000 --> 00:24:01.000 Especially in response to expected extreme weather events where people might want to quickly charge their electric vehicles because of the uncertainty about when they're going to have power next. 117 00:24:01.000 --> 00:24:16.000 And this is. Revealing these kind of knowledge gaps. That industry haven't really prepared for. 118 00:24:16.000 --> 00:24:22.000 So using this evidence from people to identify uncertainties or unknowns that industry hadn't really thought about. 119 00:24:22.000 --> 00:24:36.000 And another scenario in response to the automated future scenario, we demonstrate how everyday life might look like when institutional regimes adapt to support people's chips. 120 00:24:36.000 --> 00:24:51.000 And also we identify some forecasting implications. We show we demonstrate a whole host of new trends that industry might like to track. 121 00:24:51.000 --> 00:25:00.000 To be able to identify. The likelihood of any of these. Futures, occurring. 122 00:25:00.000 --> 00:25:06.000 Yeah, yeah, for sure. I was just wrap it up now. And we also, no worries. 123 00:25:06.000 --> 00:25:21.000 We also produce a a roadmap for industry to allow them to plan and prepare in response to some of the outcomes that we identified in our scenarios. 124 00:25:21.000 --> 00:25:32.000 And the roadmapping opportunities aligned with our vision of what the future grid might look like. 40. 125 00:25:32.000 --> 00:25:49.000 So. The implications of our scenarios and the method. Threefold so the first This novel next methods approach to building energy scenarios. 126 00:25:49.000 --> 00:25:54.000 Is it contrasts deeply with the dominant techno economic frames that industry use to build their energy futures. 127 00:25:54.000 --> 00:26:11.000 So we place people in the everyday lives at the center at the core of building energy scenarios. And so by doing that we demonstrate how social practice theory and design ethnography and using foresighting and all of the social science. 128 00:26:11.000 --> 00:26:31.000 Methods and knowledge. Can be useful and relevant for industry. And it contributes, it contributes to developing these new understandings of what the future might look like and helps prepare and plan for a future where That has people's. 129 00:26:31.000 --> 00:26:45.000 Desires, their values and how they see themselves living in the future at the core as opposed to this kind of tick-borne deterministic ideas of how people might live. 130 00:26:45.000 --> 00:26:52.000 So yeah, just wreck it up there. Thank you. Thanks. 131 00:26:52.000 --> 00:27:02.000 What's new, Bruce, Hello, you can. How do you can remain the And just the questions. 132 00:27:02.000 --> 00:27:10.000 Sure. And then we will give next to a The next is in the 133 00:27:10.000 --> 00:27:23.000 This, this will now take questions for you. And so members of the audience, you're welcome to please pose questions to And. 134 00:27:23.000 --> 00:27:32.000 I'm sure he's ready for that. Yeah. 135 00:27:32.000 --> 00:27:40.000 Yes, yeah, please, II will, yes. 136 00:27:40.000 --> 00:27:45.000 Thanks so much. So really, really interesting. Painted online is actually what at you and SW. 137 00:27:45.000 --> 00:27:57.000 . I wonder if you could talk a little bit more about the scenarios and anything that came out that It's almost into work. 138 00:27:57.000 --> 00:28:03.000 Until we get it. 139 00:28:03.000 --> 00:28:28.000 Okay. Yes, I wanted to know if there was anything particularly relevant to the Australian context in the scenario so you ended up developing because I am imagine yeah that there's quite differences in urban rural divides but also across the national energy grid as a whole be really interesting to hear more about. 140 00:28:28.000 --> 00:28:40.000 Yeah great thanks great question that reminded me that I forgot to mention that to support the scenarios we have the summaries but we also created household narratives. 141 00:28:40.000 --> 00:28:50.000 So storylines about how everyday life might actually be lived from the perspective of 3 diverse households. And by having that diversity, we're able to demonstrate one particular household, Ruth and Robert. 142 00:28:50.000 --> 00:29:06.000 They were retirees and they lived in rural areas. The Johnson family, they were more urban metropolitan area. 143 00:29:06.000 --> 00:29:17.000 And quite a tech, savvy, tech-focused household. And we had Jin, she was a student. 144 00:29:17.000 --> 00:29:32.000 Living in the city. Sorry, the Johnson family was living in the suburbs. These the storylines that we developed were informed from the evidence that we gather from our ethnography with people. 145 00:29:32.000 --> 00:29:46.000 With people living and seeing how energy. How energy was used and fit around their routines and habits in everyday life. 146 00:29:46.000 --> 00:30:03.000 And also from design workshops. Where we ask people how their routines might shift. Given a specific scenario, for instance, in extreme weather or an all-electric future, etc. 147 00:30:03.000 --> 00:30:17.000 So we were able to generate foresight from people thinking about how they lives might change. And so we employed all of that evidence into the development of these narratives to demonstrate how these mesh my ship. 148 00:30:17.000 --> 00:30:36.000 In response to your point about the Australian context, Think of anything off the top of my head, but we having that diversity of those 3 households we were able to. 149 00:30:36.000 --> 00:30:42.000 Yeah, we're able to really highlight how those shifts might go to, but I encourage you to have a look at the whole ask. 150 00:30:42.000 --> 00:30:45.000 Thanks. 151 00:30:45.000 --> 00:30:52.000 They can't do this. They can't do they said that we're going to be able to do this when we're using this all 152 00:30:52.000 --> 00:30:56.000 And yes. 153 00:30:56.000 --> 00:31:11.000 So then maybe they use that one. Yeah, You know, just not this one is not working. Just like, Today, what was yesterday? 154 00:31:11.000 --> 00:31:19.000 Okay. Okay, I'm Jim Bundan, from Kantan University in Iowa. 155 00:31:19.000 --> 00:31:27.000 Our industry was before its future studies. So I'm very interesting about how you use the scenario. 156 00:31:27.000 --> 00:31:54.000 . IS. To focus about future energies this is a very nice printation and I just have some few questions that in future studies that we often talk about the features on 2050 but how you focus this 30 50 is It's not about 2035 or 2040. 157 00:31:54.000 --> 00:32:16.000 How the time zone, how you and how we can say that is, 2,050 because the longer the time the the less the forecast will be valid and useful right so I the first question is about a time zone The second question is about in future study we're talking about. 158 00:32:16.000 --> 00:32:29.000 Possible features, proper features and preferable features. So you have 4 scenarios. So I wonder, this first thing is more about possible features. 159 00:32:29.000 --> 00:32:32.000 Pop up features or preferable features. Thank you. Thanks. Great questions. Thanks so much. 160 00:32:32.000 --> 00:32:44.000 So the time zones, yeah, so we had 20, we had 2 scenarios in 2,030 and 2 scenarios set in 2,050. 161 00:32:44.000 --> 00:32:48.000 But the way that we thought about these projections was more how it reflects what industry think in their scenarios. 162 00:32:48.000 --> 00:33:05.000 So in their disruptive technology scenarios. These are more immediate concerns because They are set in a scenario that could be one to 5 years. 163 00:33:05.000 --> 00:33:17.000 Where all of a sudden energy technology has become extremely affordable, everybody's going to jump. Purchase them, go live off the grid so there's that immediate impact on the grid. 164 00:33:17.000 --> 00:33:38.000 And so our creature comfort scenario where it offers the alternative kind of diversifies diverse understanding of people that by, by industry having that focus on energy technologies, they're overlooking what is already emerging is that Consumer electronics. 165 00:33:38.000 --> 00:33:48.000 Becoming more energy intensive. They are becoming automated to people's values and household priorities. 166 00:33:48.000 --> 00:34:00.000 In complete regard, disregard of the energy consumption. And so And yeah, I guess that kind of answers it in the sense that. 167 00:34:00.000 --> 00:34:10.000 Our time zone was more a reflection of how industry. Kind of thought about their projections, the time projection. 168 00:34:10.000 --> 00:34:22.000 So in the automated future scenarios, the industry have these more long term questions, 2035 to 2,050 as were our automated futures scenarios. 169 00:34:22.000 --> 00:34:28.000 For Yeah, we didn't have a specific. Preferable, preferable scenario in mind. 170 00:34:28.000 --> 00:34:51.000 We were wary that people were likely going to have one of their own. There's, in the report we, as I mentioned, we create a, vision of what we believe. 171 00:34:51.000 --> 00:35:07.000 The industry energy industry could align some of their demand management opportunities and constraints. With where it focuses more on kind of Diversity, inclusion, things. 172 00:35:07.000 --> 00:35:11.000 They think more about. 173 00:35:11.000 --> 00:35:27.000 Let's about demographics and more about people's everyday lives and so we try to present some opportunities within our roadmap to help industry align to create a Okay, a future that's focused more on that. 174 00:35:27.000 --> 00:35:37.000 So I guess the roadmap that we created would be and the most preferable outcome. But in terms of the scenarios, we didn't. 175 00:35:37.000 --> 00:35:52.000 Really have a. Preferable one or one that we identified as more plausible. However, we, our scenarios were generated from evidence. 176 00:35:52.000 --> 00:36:00.000 About people and how they live. Whereas industry scenarios Don't use evidence about how people live. 177 00:36:00.000 --> 00:36:17.000 They that use inputs about historical trends and technology uptake and things like that. It's an absence of acknowledgement of people's everyday lives. 178 00:36:17.000 --> 00:36:24.000 Oh. 179 00:36:24.000 --> 00:36:38.000 Questions and comments? Thank you. Thank you very much. And. 180 00:36:38.000 --> 00:36:56.000 I use my own laptop to follow things here. Okay, great. I mean, this is a excellent presentation and just actually, it's one of the sessions that's well organized as well because it speaks to the title of the session that's well organized as well because it speaks to the title of the session which is 181 00:36:56.000 --> 00:37:09.000 futures horizons of future and everyday life and what for it presented here is projections that speaks to the idea or the utopia that we wish for to see. 182 00:37:09.000 --> 00:37:20.000 For ordinary people. In terms of consumption, the usage of energy. And we, as I said, we had 3 presenters. 183 00:37:20.000 --> 00:37:38.000 It was the first was supposed to be Jacquo Bazani from a of Florence in Italy but I haven't seen Professor Bazani here and it seems like he or she is absent. 184 00:37:38.000 --> 00:37:51.000 And therefore we that takes us to the to our third presenter in this case, Rodiga, Professor of Diga, Chuck Chakraboti. 185 00:37:51.000 --> 00:38:10.000 I hope, pronounce your name the same name properly and please bear with me if I did not. You know, it's a challenge that at the global level even even if even if I'm not saving at the local level we tend to struggle with the names. 186 00:38:10.000 --> 00:38:29.000 But I think we learn from each other this is a space where we learn and appreciate each other. A profile chakra body I'm going to give to you because you are the seconds you are the last speaker and we have enough time please present And don't feel rushed. 187 00:38:29.000 --> 00:38:38.000 We want to allow a engagement after that like we did with, Cross Farida Caviani's presentation. 188 00:38:38.000 --> 00:38:47.000 And maybe people will be able to link. Yeah, presentation to his and your presentation is titled, Futures Past. 189 00:38:47.000 --> 00:38:55.000 Present and elsewhere. Hindu Cindy Dias in Hong Kong. So we look forward to your presentation over to you from Thank you. 190 00:38:55.000 --> 00:39:07.000 Thank you, thank you so much. Oh, I'll just share my screen. 191 00:39:07.000 --> 00:39:15.000 Okay. I hope everyone can see my slides and that I'm audible. So thank you all for being here today. 192 00:39:15.000 --> 00:39:26.000 My presentation today discusses the is everything all right? Can you see my screen? 193 00:39:26.000 --> 00:39:27.000 Yes, that's good. 194 00:39:27.000 --> 00:39:31.000 Great. So my present, sorry, I think I'm having some technical. 195 00:39:31.000 --> 00:39:38.000 Okay, great. So my presentation discusses the Hindus in the business diaspora in Hong Kong. 196 00:39:38.000 --> 00:39:44.000 This is essentially a dispersed motion community from the province of S, which is now in Pakistan. 197 00:39:44.000 --> 00:39:49.000 And in this people I make a case for theorizing Diaspora with the future. 198 00:39:49.000 --> 00:39:59.000 So rather than focusing on homeland orientations or what some people have called or the backward lance of diaspora. 199 00:39:59.000 --> 00:40:16.000 I suggest that we can explore Dias for us future orientations. Also this presentation draws broadly on my PhD doctoral work which was with this community in Hong Kong and it draws on interviews and demographic data. 200 00:40:16.000 --> 00:40:36.000 Oh, so in early 2021 I met one of my indoors, Shaun at his custom tailoring store in a bustling street in Shah is a Hindus ini businessman and in the 1940 s his grandfather migrated to Hong Kong from in search of work as part of the global 201 00:40:36.000 --> 00:40:50.000 Hindu Sunday merchant network. He eventually set up a business in Hong Kong providing quickly tailored suits to visiting soldiers during the Vietnam War and later shipping meal order custom tailoring to clients across the world. 202 00:40:50.000 --> 00:40:57.000 This business had been expanded over successive generations, but Shah's store had been checked for months due to the COVID. 203 00:40:57.000 --> 00:41:13.000 19 pandemic. Most of my conversations with Hindus in these like Sharm over 2,020 and 2,021 centered around the future, which they saw as shadowed by political uncertainties as well as the Covid-nineteen pandemic. 204 00:41:13.000 --> 00:41:28.000 In these conversations, I found that Sharm and others often reference the futures in Hong Kong that they had imagined over the past decades and the crises that they had withered to think and imagine the future ahead. 205 00:41:28.000 --> 00:41:35.000 So Sean discussed how succeeding financial and political tr over the years had affected their family business. But he said that every time there's a crisis, business gets even bigger and better. 206 00:41:35.000 --> 00:41:48.000 So now even with this pandemic, I think in the next 2 years we're going to shoot very high because we are confident that Hong Kong is a magnet. 207 00:41:48.000 --> 00:42:07.000 There's nothing better than Hong Kong. Shaun described and drew on moments where uncertainty had thickened around his business and their families can join Hong Kong as well as what he sees as the city's magnetic affordances and potentials as a resource for imagining and navigating the future ahead. 208 00:42:07.000 --> 00:42:15.000 However, not everyone I met took the same view of the future as Sharm and they expressed varied attitudes and orientations towards futures in Mongol. 209 00:42:15.000 --> 00:42:24.000 Some hope to remain here, some cast an eye towards elsewhere. And I hope to impact some of these varied orientations to the future in this presentation. 210 00:42:24.000 --> 00:42:33.000 I note that ethnic minority businessmen like Sha are very rarely centered in narratives of Hong Kong and its features. 211 00:42:33.000 --> 00:42:40.000 Scholarship on South Asian minorities in Hong Kong often focuses on questions of linguistic and social marginalization. 212 00:42:40.000 --> 00:42:45.000 Narratives of the city's cultures of disappearance which read Hong Kong as a space of migration and transit. 213 00:42:45.000 --> 00:42:59.000 However, rarely engage with how such minority groups conceive of Hong Kong's individuals. Though Hindus in the business diaspora has been described as a highly adaptable and mobile merchant community. 214 00:42:59.000 --> 00:43:11.000 Having been displaced from SIM during the 1947 partition of India, their commercial successes abroad are often highlighted to demonstrate resilience and adaptability. 215 00:43:11.000 --> 00:43:16.000 But in this paper I shift the lens slightly to think about how diaspora actors navigate when and where to move and to stay put. 216 00:43:16.000 --> 00:43:25.000 Through the question of temporarily in the future. 217 00:43:25.000 --> 00:43:40.000 In earlier years, Taspora was often framed through questions of origin. Both ethnic and spatial but contemporary that as Cora Nigration's scholarship has of course highlighted how those species of diaspora's homes, homelands. 218 00:43:40.000 --> 00:43:48.000 Oh, and we're making practices are multiple notable and layered and much as as per actors are attuned to multiple spaces and laces. 219 00:43:48.000 --> 00:43:59.000 In this paper I discuss how this is also true for temporalities and futures. Sur rather than a comparativist perspective, which employs a more synchronous approach to a temporality or a diatonic approach. 220 00:43:59.000 --> 00:44:14.000 Which emphasize the transformations over time. Instead, I find the diaspora at Windsor and multiple temporal frames to negotiate mobility and settlement. 221 00:44:14.000 --> 00:44:27.000 So I first will explore how Hong Kong became a future place for this community and then I present 2 key concepts, step forward junctures and elsewhere orientations. 222 00:44:27.000 --> 00:44:43.000 Oh, so one of my indelutors, Raja, told me that he rushed to my agreed from India to Hong Kong in 1,969 in search of work because he had heard news of a changing immigration policy which would soon mandate a stamp on Indian pastures. 223 00:44:43.000 --> 00:44:55.000 This stamp would limit the stain on long and for close possibilities for permanent residency. He described his first impressions of Hong Kong as a lit up city in comparison to India. 224 00:44:55.000 --> 00:44:58.000 So from narratives of Hindus in these who migrated at this time, Hong Kong emerged as a site of opportunity and possibility amongst the diaspora. 225 00:44:58.000 --> 00:45:20.000 Lit up like a weaken inviting migration until 69 a visa free entry was permitted to citizens of Commonwealth countries and many Hindu cities had already come here for work in business more so after they would displace from S after the 1,947 partition. 226 00:45:20.000 --> 00:45:32.000 In the late sixties, however, a wave of many, many young children as well as the families of those who were already working in Hong Kong rushed to my agreed and beat the changing immigration policy. 227 00:45:32.000 --> 00:45:38.000 And Cindy businesses in Hong Kong also expanded this in these staff from the diaspora. 228 00:45:38.000 --> 00:45:42.000 Someone don't need that how far though had I greeted here at that time because Hong Kong was giving away free visas, which is somewhat inaccurate. 229 00:45:42.000 --> 00:45:58.000 And also because here you could do you own your own business rather than work for someone else. So why her descriptions of the dealup visa policy were somewhat not true. 230 00:45:58.000 --> 00:46:11.000 Her statement reflects how changing immigration is regimes rather than for closing migration possibilities lit up and illuminated my country pathways and imaginaries of prosperous futures were in Hong Kong. 231 00:46:11.000 --> 00:46:24.000 Hong Kong came to be perceived in the Zimbabwe diasporic imagination as a place of success and wealth through the flows of goods, ideas, business opportunities and designs in and through the city. 232 00:46:24.000 --> 00:46:30.000 For instance, Anita who is now in her sixtys and is living in Hong Kong. So only that when she was growing up in New Delhi. 233 00:46:30.000 --> 00:46:37.000 All she wanted was to go to Hong Kong to marry a man who could buy her on the series. 234 00:46:37.000 --> 00:46:43.000 She added, I always saw it in movies and I used to see the lights. I hold the Hong Kong Cindy's were there and they were all rich people. 235 00:46:43.000 --> 00:46:52.000 I was from an average family, but I always had Hong Kong in mind because I had seen pictures and they all said Hong Kong was a beautiful place. 236 00:46:52.000 --> 00:47:01.000 So many Cindy women Hong Kong was presented as a desirable place to find a partner and many more women began to migrate to join merchant husbands here host partition. 237 00:47:01.000 --> 00:47:06.000 This also changed the future character of Hong Kong because from a diasporic note that until now had been populated primarily by young men who came to work on short contracts for larger forms. 238 00:47:06.000 --> 00:47:18.000 There was now a shift as more families began to envision and invest in futures here on a longer temporal scale. 239 00:47:18.000 --> 00:47:30.000 So Hong Kong therefore became a lit up city for the Sydney diaspora where future desires and imaginary score less over time and through generations. 240 00:47:30.000 --> 00:47:39.000 Through each of my field work trips to Hong Kong from 2019 onwards I constantly felt that I had caught people at a bad time. 241 00:47:39.000 --> 00:47:52.000 They were going through some form of unsettlement on their read scales, whether it was a destructive typhoon escalating through democracy protests, the pandemic, the new national security law or deteriorating treat and travel. 242 00:47:52.000 --> 00:47:58.000 They were frequently reptions and compare their present uncertainties to other times from the past and use this to reflect on their futures. 243 00:47:58.000 --> 00:48:08.000 So they would most often compare the 2019 protest time to the 1,997 hand over time. 244 00:48:08.000 --> 00:48:27.000 2 important junctures in the political history of Hong Kong. Many told me that although they thought they would have to leave a 97 their circumstances in Hong Kong hadn't changed all that much or as much as they had feared and they hope that this present time of uncertainty would play out a series of unexpected turning points 245 00:48:27.000 --> 00:48:31.000 shaped participants lives across generations. And some of these were the major junctures that I used to frame the history of Hong Kong. 246 00:48:31.000 --> 00:48:57.000 A but a bus in the 19 nineties described the radical change of paradigms. In a half conscious shift to the experiential grin that marks our junctures in the history of Hong Kong and these moments became destructive experiences of time during which the future was reshaped, renegotiated and 247 00:48:57.000 --> 00:49:02.000 redirected. Even as Hong Kong as a place was reshaped and renamed. 248 00:49:02.000 --> 00:49:13.000 So these temp oral junctures breached time and became thresholds as Rebecca Bryant and Daniel and I describe at which the past and future met and in point. 249 00:49:13.000 --> 00:49:20.000 For some, these junctures became a temporal resource. To which to navigate the present as well as imagine the future ahead. 250 00:49:20.000 --> 00:49:32.000 So Sharms narrative from the beginning of his presentation where he maps a history of his family business across these junctures, illustrates this and other businessmen I met often mapped a similar story for me. 251 00:49:32.000 --> 00:49:37.000 For them the desirable futures that they had once imagined and indeed had lived out for some decades in Hong Kong. 252 00:49:37.000 --> 00:49:46.000 Continue to shape their desire to stay here along with their belief that like the past storms that they and their families had with with. 253 00:49:46.000 --> 00:49:51.000 The coming and the present time would not be that bad. 254 00:49:51.000 --> 00:50:06.000 But for others, pandemic time and protest time had become immobilizing. That passed investments into a future in Hong Kong such as the businesses they had invested in or on the promise of flows and goods and money through Hong Kong. 255 00:50:06.000 --> 00:50:14.000 Now immobilize them in place. So in this way, futures passed may be facilitated as well as constraining for DESCO. 256 00:50:14.000 --> 00:50:24.000 Futures passed which materialized, failed or expired do not become closed chapters but rather extend into the present in the future that is yet to come in manifold ways. 257 00:50:24.000 --> 00:50:49.000 Temporal junctures demonstrate the interconnections of space and time in envisioning the future as temporalities and historical vicissitudes of Hong Kong as a diasporic place becomes sites of articulation for futures yet to come. 258 00:50:49.000 --> 00:50:57.000 I also found that many of my enterprises in Hong Kong were in the process of consolidating and imagining futures elsewhere. 259 00:50:57.000 --> 00:51:11.000 So they were turning from Hong Kong to a range of other places and rooms. And some diagnosed these kinds of talk as panic and but as they waited through the pandemic and the strategic constraints on their ability to be lifted. 260 00:51:11.000 --> 00:51:27.000 Many of my executives already ended themselves to elsewhere. So I'd like to sort of bring this presentation to an end with a brief discussion on how these orientations to elsewhere speak to conceptualizations of diaspora and the future. 261 00:51:27.000 --> 00:51:45.000 So on the screen as an excerpt from an article which was published in a Cindy diaspora newsletter in 2015 this article was entitled a Cindy Hong Kong on Indian soil and in it the auto who will call him with her nanny he's a retired Cindy businessman 262 00:51:45.000 --> 00:51:57.000 who's currently living in the United States, not in Hong Kong, but he makes an extended case for establishing quite literally what he calls a Cindy Hong Kong somewhere inside the territory of India. 263 00:51:57.000 --> 00:52:10.000 So after the 1937 partition, the province of Sin was included in Pakistani territory and displaced in Pakistani territory and displaced in the Hindus often mourn in Pakistani territory and displaced in the Hindus often mourn the loss of land and not having a state of their own within India. 264 00:52:10.000 --> 00:52:22.000 Unlike those who were displaced from However, rather than simply petitioning the Indian government for a Sindhi state within India, Mohit wants to develop a Cindy Hong Kong. 265 00:52:22.000 --> 00:52:27.000 He's suggests Hong Kong was only made on Lee's land and became a world famous tourist heaven. 266 00:52:27.000 --> 00:52:37.000 So in these reformatics exempt non-profit large organization in India and start making up a city like Hong Kong, shares should be made open to Sylvie's only all over the world. 267 00:52:37.000 --> 00:52:43.000 Not transferable to non Zimbabwe's and the idea is to make a land for the assemblies. 268 00:52:43.000 --> 00:52:53.000 How much long work and this in the community continue melting? So although Mohit is concerned with a kind of melting of community identity without a simply place. 269 00:52:53.000 --> 00:53:02.000 The place for them that he andisions is not reminiscent of SIM, which was their home before 1,947 but instead it's a simply Hong Kong on Indian soil. 270 00:53:02.000 --> 00:53:14.000 So for more head, Hong Kong is a future build elsewhere. He draws on the past potentialities that had emerged in Hong Kong over the decades to imagine a diasporic future replaced within India. 271 00:53:14.000 --> 00:53:31.000 A place where generative encounters of trade and tourism and a continued possibility for mobility and enterprise would make the community feel at home as perhaps they have been in Hong Kong. 272 00:53:31.000 --> 00:53:40.000 So in comparison to this is. Than I did about Raja who I mentioned earlier. He also highlights a kind of liquidity. 273 00:53:40.000 --> 00:53:46.000 Of the Sindhi community but he was deeply skeptical about any projects to consolidate in their entity in a particular place. 274 00:53:46.000 --> 00:54:06.000 He cites the lack of Sindhi towns compared to Chinatown in the world and says when I came to Hong Kong in the 19 sixties do you know window street it used to be all old forms all the names were Cindy names, Chila, I thought wow, this is a Sindhi neighborhood. 275 00:54:06.000 --> 00:54:07.000 Then what happened? Boom. All the forms moved away. The hallmark of Cindy's is the pilot clean water. 276 00:54:07.000 --> 00:54:21.000 We can mix anywhere in their color. We have our own nature of course. Even here we have a presence as a minority group with Zimbabwe. 277 00:54:21.000 --> 00:54:40.000 We spread out. So for Rajasthani features were always already elsewhere. This is not articulated in purely terms of economic aspiration, but rather the nature of this daspberry group to him is to orient themselves to newer futures, always mixing like clean water and spreading out. 278 00:54:40.000 --> 00:54:50.000 This fluidity he argues in contrast to more his concerns about the community melting is what in fact characterizes this community and this is what will shape its future. 279 00:54:50.000 --> 00:54:59.000 A continual desire for futures elsewhere, whether in. 280 00:54:59.000 --> 00:55:04.000 In Jaja and Mohizakangas, elsewhere is not simply another place which is away from here. 281 00:55:04.000 --> 00:55:13.000 Which are though it is a complex neutral imaginary which speaks to how diaspora actors orient themselves through time and space. 282 00:55:13.000 --> 00:55:15.000 So Rebecca Dryant and Knight suggested orientations towards the future provide a threshold between present and future. 283 00:55:15.000 --> 00:55:33.000 Holding the future at an indeterminate distance, sometimes seemingly within reach and with tangible form in the present and at other times a little more than a hazy partially formed dream set in a far-off land. 284 00:55:33.000 --> 00:55:38.000 Sara Emma perceptively describes orientations as embodied but also as starting points and therefore as locations. 285 00:55:38.000 --> 00:56:01.000 So if orientations are locational as well as important and elsewhere orientation need not be read simply as a linear profession, an elsewhere orientation need not be read simply as a linear profession away from an imperiled future in Hong Kong. 286 00:56:01.000 --> 00:56:09.000 For instance, past futures imagined in Hong Kong may become temporal resources for imagining elsewhere, such as the Hong Kong future with season India. 287 00:56:09.000 --> 00:56:17.000 On past migrations may generate sort of recursive imaginaries of a future elsewhere as noted by Raja. 288 00:56:17.000 --> 00:56:24.000 So the future doesn't always lie ahead not as a putative homeland for example India for some lie in the past. 289 00:56:24.000 --> 00:56:30.000 Both are reshaped and reimagined through a diaspora consciousness. 290 00:56:30.000 --> 00:56:51.000 So in conclusion, through engaging with in these narratives of temporal junctures and elsewhere orientations, I propose that the future may be approached as a complex of Multi-valent imaginings and orientations, which extends across very temporal frames rather than only that which is unforeseen or ahead of the 291 00:56:51.000 --> 00:57:01.000 present. Hong Kong became a future place for the Cindy Dias for a lit up city to and through which desires goods people flowed and coalesced. 292 00:57:01.000 --> 00:57:07.000 But at destructive temporal junctures, the future will potential of Hong Kong was destabilized or refrained. 293 00:57:07.000 --> 00:57:20.000 As per actors navigated present uncertainties by orienting towards or investing in futures either in Hong Kong or elsewhere like India and some drew on their past future imaginings and desires of Hong Kong. 294 00:57:20.000 --> 00:57:37.000 And others so India has a future elsewhere rather than as a side of no strategic longing. So I suggested a Disease for a future in imagining invites us to rethink the role of homeland and nostalgia in sustaining diasporic consciousness. 295 00:57:37.000 --> 00:57:50.000 And through the case of this community, I suggest also the diaspora and migration emerge as much from displacement and a shared past as the tone towards indeterminate futures. 296 00:57:50.000 --> 00:58:02.000 So I and there. 297 00:58:02.000 --> 00:58:21.000 And thank you, doctor. But Diga, checkerboard, Excellent presentation, very interesting in the sense that I mean, it points to one what we could also call a sort of a precarious. 298 00:58:21.000 --> 00:58:31.000 Times that we living in. That the future is not very clearly defined. Because of the disruptions that happened. 299 00:58:31.000 --> 00:58:49.000 Natural disasters. Pandemics and the other protests by by human protest so it seems like they're the Cindy people actually they hate Hong Kong sort of in a very very complex situation where they don't know whether they will be the future, the what they wish to see. 300 00:58:49.000 --> 00:59:05.000 It initially seemed that the what they wish to see and initially seen that the marriage prospects are initially seen that the marriage prospects are there, that the marriage prospects are there and when you present that the marriage prospects are there and when you present that the marriage prospects are there and when you present then one begins to feel at the one I want to move to Hong Kong and then 301 00:59:05.000 --> 00:59:19.000 now suddenly all this confusion now and then for it also go there he told us about the future that we want to see in terms of energy consumption, energy server scenario, what we desire and the city people here, they even are investing the ideal of having a China. 302 00:59:19.000 --> 00:59:29.000 I mean, just a city in town as opposed to Chinatown. So the contest there. It's very interesting. 303 00:59:29.000 --> 00:59:38.000 You know, the whole complex scenario that unfolds. That is very clear uncertainty. That's very interesting. 304 00:59:38.000 --> 01:00:00.000 So the future of the good life prospects, but also the unpredictable side of it that we see and then this thing of sitting on the fence is very uncomfortable because now you have you talk about having your foot in one. 305 01:00:00.000 --> 01:00:16.000 Place another one in another so it's like very uncomfortable you don't know where exactly where will I invest my time and for my family and for my loved ones and all that and for the people that you relate to, the neighbors and all that sustainability. 306 01:00:16.000 --> 01:00:27.000 So it raises the whole issue of sustainability I think in my view but I'm going to open it up for for for discussion questions and comments from the audience. 307 01:00:27.000 --> 01:00:45.000 Both those who are virtual and and then those who are here in person. Please over to you your fulfill free to present to pose questions to our presenter, Dr. 308 01:00:45.000 --> 01:00:56.000 And so I'm opening it up for you guys. Please. The flow is yours. 309 01:00:56.000 --> 01:01:18.000 Yes, please say you can just come here. Yes, yeah, we can use that as well. I'm sorry I joined the discussion in the middle. 310 01:01:18.000 --> 01:01:23.000 I could make over. It seemed very interesting title. I could make over and talk about it. It seemed very interesting title. 311 01:01:23.000 --> 01:01:25.000 Yeah, so I wanted to. It seemed very interesting title. And yeah, so I wanted to make over and talk about it. It seemed very interesting title. 312 01:01:25.000 --> 01:01:26.000 And yeah, so I wanted to come. I presented in a very different type of session, but the title was very interesting. 313 01:01:26.000 --> 01:01:37.000 So, so as I was listening, I was just thinking, this is more of a comment, but the title was very interesting. 314 01:01:37.000 --> 01:01:41.000 So as I was listening, I was just thinking, this is more of a comment, just something mentioned about these possible futures, for retirement. 315 01:01:41.000 --> 01:01:52.000 You know and having a plan B and I was even thinking from a personal point of view being international being an American living in Japan. 316 01:01:52.000 --> 01:02:10.000 And thinking about well which is the better future which and at a certain point being globally nomadic you think well Maybe I can go anywhere, and a lot of retire with a growth of a retirement population, people imagining futures in different places. 317 01:02:10.000 --> 01:02:17.000 What would it be like? And now you have the internet where you can access that and see, well, okay, what is the ideal community? 318 01:02:17.000 --> 01:02:29.000 And you have to make these choices in the future and it's far off so in many cases 5, 1020 years down the road people are starting to think about these things so Anyhow, I just wanted to throw that out there and maybe it can lead to discussion. 319 01:02:29.000 --> 01:02:42.000 Listen specifically specifically a question. Thank you so much. Dr. What's your response today? 320 01:02:42.000 --> 01:03:03.000 Yeah. 321 01:03:03.000 --> 01:03:14.000 We find ourselves in these situations where you are you don't necessarily I would like to be where for 8 actually can create the better future in terms of energy sustainability and all that. 322 01:03:14.000 --> 01:03:15.000 So I will leave it to you. Look at to unity. 323 01:03:15.000 --> 01:03:16.000 Yeah. Yeah. Hey, thank you for that question and thank you for coming up to the podium. 324 01:03:16.000 --> 01:03:26.000 I could see you actually. I can't see anyone other than who's at the podium. 325 01:03:26.000 --> 01:03:27.000 Thank you. 326 01:03:27.000 --> 01:03:29.000 So it was nice to see the person asking the question. Yeah, II think that's a great question and it points to how the future is such an important consideration in, for, migratory diaspora, people and rooms. 327 01:03:29.000 --> 01:03:40.000 And I think that's what I was getting at through the presentation is that. Especially in context of the pandemic but even otherwise. 328 01:03:40.000 --> 01:03:46.000 So much of how, decision making is done by my retreat groups has to do with imaginaries of a certain future. 329 01:03:46.000 --> 01:04:05.000 And it's not only motivated by economic, considerations, which is what this community will simply merchant community has usually been studied through sort of trade relations and how, the merchant network operates and how they conduct business transnationally. 330 01:04:05.000 --> 01:04:30.000 But, I, found that it was equally important to them to think about, the kind of futures that they envisioned in different parts of the world and I wanted to unpack you know how they made sense of these features. 331 01:04:30.000 --> 01:04:31.000 Okay. 332 01:04:31.000 --> 01:04:32.000 So I don't mean I have any answers or solutions. In terms of her sustainability and where to migrate and how to plan for a future. 333 01:04:32.000 --> 01:04:44.000 But I like what you said or professor in terms of how sitting on the fence is really uncomfortable and it's sort of that that moment or that juncture where you have to. 334 01:04:44.000 --> 01:05:02.000 Make a difficult decision and you there are so many things at play and so I think what I found is that when people found themselves sitting on the fence and that difficult moment of the pandemic, they were drawing on the features they imagined in the past and that they had hoped for and how those features had played out for them. 335 01:05:02.000 --> 01:05:11.000 Did they work out? Did Hong Kong actually give them what they dreamed of? And did that mean that if they continue to dream of a future in Hong Kong, would it play out in the same way. 336 01:05:11.000 --> 01:05:21.000 So I think these are some of the questions that I was thinking about in my presentation. 337 01:05:21.000 --> 01:05:30.000 Yeah, but you know, I think ideally we would like to see eventually out of this project just like to see eventually out of this project just like Dr. 338 01:05:30.000 --> 01:05:33.000 Fariza's project just like Dr. Fariza's project, just like Dr. Farage's project, just like Dr. 339 01:05:33.000 --> 01:05:40.000 Farage's project, we'd like to see if finally there's some beautiful recommendations of what can be done based on your findings. 340 01:05:40.000 --> 01:05:44.000 What do you propose going forward? Because we need to come up with some beautiful recommendations of what can be done. 341 01:05:44.000 --> 01:06:10.000 What do we do? We know about it. And these are one of the contemporary challenges that we are facing. 342 01:06:10.000 --> 01:06:24.000 I mean social sociologist with all our works our research And what do we? How what are the recommendations that we can make? 343 01:06:24.000 --> 01:06:25.000 Yeah. 344 01:06:25.000 --> 01:06:30.000 As we strive for a better life, better futures, the future that we wish to see. And that's why we have this RCR ROC on about futures. 345 01:06:30.000 --> 01:06:33.000 Yeah. Yeah. 346 01:06:33.000 --> 01:06:41.000 Futures. Yeah. Thank you so much for that, but then I will still open it up for further comments from the audience. 347 01:06:41.000 --> 01:06:56.000 Please feel free to ask who's a question. Even if it touches on what the Dr. Farida presented, please feel free to do that. 348 01:06:56.000 --> 01:07:07.000 And then from, yes, okay, you want, you want to please come. Don't you I know you always have interesting thoughts, so don't suppress them. 349 01:07:07.000 --> 01:07:23.000 Will you be able to stay within a time? Hi, thanks so much for your really interesting paper. I really loved the way that you used the term. 350 01:07:23.000 --> 01:07:44.000 I really loved the way that you used the term orientations at the end. I really loved the way that you used the term orientations at the end and I just wanted you to use the term orientations at the end and I just wanted you if you could please speak a little bit more about it. 351 01:07:44.000 --> 01:07:45.000 Okay. 352 01:07:45.000 --> 01:07:46.000 Oh, thanks so much for that question. Yeah, I, you're right. I don't think, it's been used as much in migration studies. 353 01:07:46.000 --> 01:07:52.000 I think concepts like waiting, aspiration, desire. They are domes that we hear more in migration studies rather than orientations. 354 01:07:52.000 --> 01:08:12.000 But I thought this idea of thinking with the future and orienting oneself. To a temporality or a space, could learn a lot from prayer theory, because, as far as I am at emphasizes orientations are embodied, their location is their direction, they can be pull it directional, they can be political as well. 355 01:08:12.000 --> 01:08:20.000 And so I thought that this has so much to offer to how we think about migration and diaspora. 356 01:08:20.000 --> 01:08:31.000 So rather than a more simplistic reading or a linear reading of, of how migration works and how my gate reactors move and stay put. 357 01:08:31.000 --> 01:08:44.000 Orientation offers a way away from linearity. And to a more sort of texture and embodied understanding of migration and orientations in, Rebecca Bryant, yeah, Rebecca Bryant and Daniel Knight's work. 358 01:08:44.000 --> 01:08:53.000 Do you talk about how this enables us to see the future not only as a horizon that keeps receding. 359 01:08:53.000 --> 01:08:54.000 So not only is something that you can never reach, but as a kind of threshold which maybe you can cross into. 360 01:08:54.000 --> 01:09:09.000 You can imagine crossing over into into it. And so that idea of imagination or orienting yourself, you know, embodied political way towards the future. 361 01:09:09.000 --> 01:09:19.000 That's something that I hope that I could bring to. Thinking about migration and diaspora. 362 01:09:19.000 --> 01:09:20.000 Yeah, thanks. Thanks so much. Super, very interesting work. 363 01:09:20.000 --> 01:09:24.000 Thank you. Thanks so much. 364 01:09:24.000 --> 01:09:29.000 Go ahead, squeeze it, and I'll go this way. Yeah, thank you so much. 365 01:09:29.000 --> 01:09:33.000 Any further questions and comments? 366 01:09:33.000 --> 01:09:49.000 Yep. Yeah, I mean, you, you want to also make a final comment based on the presentation that the Would you like to make a final comment? 367 01:09:49.000 --> 01:09:58.000 What's the impression? I mean, We still have a bit of time before we can close. Yeah, so, you know, it's right. 368 01:09:58.000 --> 01:10:08.000 Pretty interesting. You want to come here? Come here so that you can see. 369 01:10:08.000 --> 01:10:09.000 Hi. 370 01:10:09.000 --> 01:10:35.000 Your face. Hi there. Yeah, I see a lot of connections between that idea of that the futures aren't linear that there's there's no real position within time to think about those futures and I think that was something that the method that we used for building the scenarios kind of. 371 01:10:35.000 --> 01:11:00.000 Incorporates by using people's imaginaries about the future. And employing those kinds of understanding some frameworks for thinking about the future into building those scenarios which is contrast dramatically with the way that industry have these ideas about certainty and trying to increase certainty. 372 01:11:00.000 --> 01:11:19.000 The the aim of the scenarios is to increase certainty but the aim of our scenarios was to kind of challenge that certainty by using diverse voices to perhaps make it more difficult to. 373 01:11:19.000 --> 01:11:34.000 Gain some sense of certainty around the future which probably isn't What? The energy industry desires and creating these futures but by doing so we were revealing some more opportunities. 374 01:11:34.000 --> 01:11:43.000 And some revealing unknowns to be able to plan for. So I guess that was Yeah, but thanks. 375 01:11:43.000 --> 01:11:58.000 Thank you so much. Thank you so much. A round of applause for our presenters. I mean, excellent presentations that leave us to with a lot to think about. 376 01:11:58.000 --> 01:12:04.000 Certainty is what we strive for. It may not be 100% certain, but we want we want a greater level of certainty going into the future. 377 01:12:04.000 --> 01:12:16.000 I think in a way that brings us to the end of this session. And I want to thank you all for this. 378 01:12:16.000 --> 01:12:21.000 The opportunity that you gave. Joshua, thank you so much for the assisting with the technical and also the technical support as well. 379 01:12:21.000 --> 01:12:26.000 Thank you and see you at a party tonight.