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Good morning, all of you.

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I'm Professor Smith Aucher. From Aubergabad, Maharashtra. I'm representing India.  my! According to my open name.

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or, according to my study, I come to conclusion that regional time activity is always changing, and it closely is related with the

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but developmental pattern. If development took place

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and it it is

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both way, badly or adversely or in a good way, the new forms of leisure activities come up. And so in this session I want to study, or I want to focus. I want to attract the attraction of all researcher to this area. So that's why I put this request to organize a session

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on this issue, and I am very much thankful that I say, and sociology of leisure. Rc. 13 has accepted my request, and we are here. So

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in all. I I I I received 20 papers, and it becomes very difficult for me to give a justice to everyone, so I will try. I already try my level best to select all of you and some of you here, and in all we are 7 papers.

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and 3 are 3 practicing points are presenting remotely one as I are early mentioned by Sukan cho duri. Now that is shelly new lure. She is accessing from remote area. Then Anjub Beniwal, she one more and Raul Hazari. So I'm very much eager

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to listen, all of you, about this. relationship with pattern of a major activities and its correlation with development activities in your arena or or your remarks also. So

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may I hand over this session to our vulnerable President, Dr. Allen, and thank you very much.

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Welcome you all. And best of that.

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Yeah.

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so shall I. And that handed out his recession. Yeah, okay.

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well, good morning, folks, and and thank you for making it to our session.

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Not a morning versus I force myself to do this, because it's it's what we do throughout the

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we have

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the agenda. So

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to be a little bit of a time, Nazi.

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today to make sure that everybody.

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basically, we got about 10 years off

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about food dresses.

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So

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you need to do this while we've

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the first paper is

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Professor Kalonka.

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So you know.

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Professor Kalunki from

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Finland.

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The title of the paper is highbrow, popular and mundane leisure participation.

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1,981 is a historical study to 2,017. The meltdown scenario omnivores and snobs revisited.

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All right, thank you. does it? Does it get my voice all right? Cool? Good morning, everybody. I'm not the I'm not the morning person, either. so. and I'm not a professor, but a postdoc. So that's being said. Let's move on because we have like 10 min.

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 thank you? I will be very brief on the theory this presentation deals with with the so-called meltdown hypothesis of hyperculture.

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Oh, okay.

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you want to do this.

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Okay.

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is this better?

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Yes, Ok. So my presentation deals with the so-called meltdown hypothesis of hydroculture and the famous debate on the rise of the only vorousness

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 In brief, the meltdown hypothesis was proposed by by Paul Dimaggio and colleagues, and it states that

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While in the past the upper classes used the so-called high-prom activities, such as Oprah, classical music, and stuff like that, as ways of of distinguished

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distinguishing themselves from from the other social classes as their ways of doing leisure nowadays.

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according to Demachio and Mukhtar. this is not the case anymore, but but distinction, distinction, value of of these activities is is waning. And and If this was true, there should be ha! Large declines in in participation rates into these activities. Wireless not Such declines in in a participation in popular activities.

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But while Dimaggio doesn't find that much of a support for the meltdown thesis more recent paper by you've second colleagues does actually find Support for it.

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But the meltdown thing thesis is not the only theoretical claim about the value of of those hybrid activities, according to Peterson, and this is, of course, a a, a long debate and and research for for more than 30 years now, but extensively, Pearson and his colleagues suggest that that

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the old division between upper classes and and lower classes where upper classes do the high pro activities and and lower classes to popular culture. This has changed so that

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nowadays.

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the upper classes do a whole lot of culture activities and laser activities. But the lower classes do a limited set. So so that's the change from hyper and and and low brow to omnivores and and universe. That's the Peterson's argument.

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So To be quick. Our research questions are that can we find so so find support either for the for the Milton thesis, or the the rise of the owner or thesis, and our dataset consists of 4 surveys survey

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Rounds from 81, 91, 2,000, and 2, and to 17, and this is.

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this is quite good data set and good response rates and representative of freedom. And so that's all

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the variables that we are using. We have 3 sets of

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variables. The highbrow asset is opera classical music. There are musicals and museums. This is the so-called classical set of hyper activities, and and used a lot in in

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in a Western Western world, and these are also high-powered activities in the fines case.

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we use 4 items for to measure pop-down culture, but popular culture. pop run rock and sluggish concerts, watching TV going to dance restaurants and practicing exercises. these are quite. They have been quite popular for the whole time period. and in Finland they started to become popular in the 60 s. So

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then, we have 4 items for the so-called mundane culture, or, in other words, an all popular culture. going, fishing, collecting berries, and practicing handicrafts.

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These are practices practiced by.

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or were practiced in the sixtys in this seventys quite a lot. But nowadays well, you will see in a minute that what's going on nowadays.

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and we use the traditional set of

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set of social demographics, gender year of birth or age, education, level and aerial residents. What we do not use is is occupation, because

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while we have the data. We haven't been able to code it yet. And and we are missing the income level. So that's that's

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that's not so nice.

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And what is what's the key in our research? Is this? So this is the strong, and we part both at at the same time. So how we construct the highbrow group the people who who are in the top top of the

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top of the status hierarchy. These are the people who need to have participated in at least 3 out of 4 of the activities. So out of these

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either attended Oprah ever, or visited either classical music concert here, or art museums. In the past 1212 months.

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 And then, in order to to check the Decline of the snobs and rise of the omnibus, we have to define those groups within the hybrid group. So we have to define those hyper people who do not take part in the popular activities. So that's that's the first

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thing. And and and, to be brief, it's those high-pro people who take part in at most, 3 in the other activities.

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And then, in order to define the Omni Work group. We have to find those omnivores who take part in a lot of of popular or mundane activities. So, to be short, we choose those people from the hybrid hyper group who have at

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who have taken part in at least 5. Of the other activities.

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And I think of the results I'm going to

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focus on this. which is the trends over time. In this data sense of of these groups and the first row, you see the size of the hybrid group itself, and what you see is that it's quite stable over time. So

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so this does not give support that that the size of the highbrow group would be declining. The size of the Snot group is quite stable as well, and so is the size of the omnibus group. So taken together. We can see that there has been all omnivores. Over time, or already in the 80 s. So there's no rise of omnivores happening here, and there is no decline of this knobs either. So

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so it is that our results do not give support for the rise of the omnibus.

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What you also see from a bottom 2 rows pay attention to those rows.

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you! We can see that the average number of popular activities that people take part. is is rising, and it actually surpasses the average number of Monday and activities in 2,002. So we can see a large-scale change in the content of popular culture over time in here.

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so that that's not much for the for the Omnivers.

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Then something about the meltdown thesis as well we can. I think this is what we can have a look at.

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I don't expect you to to read all the tables. But but the point here is that the

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the group of a

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well, wait a minute. Yeah.

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that we can see that the people that are younger and university educated people.

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They take part in lesser amount to hyperactivities

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than the older university educated people.

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And also

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we we got actually from that table which we skipped to the time that the highbrow group is getting older as well. So

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their average age is increasing. So that gives us some support for the meltdown thesis. So even though the

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the we can say.

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even though we can say that the participants in rates for the hyperactivities remain stable, there is still a meltdown of its distinction value.

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 But for the omnibus this is, we find no support for that. In fact, we find that they are also getting older. So

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so you can't really say that arising

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 And and and and recording the debate over the rise of the omnibus, the the large scale sift in the, in the content of popular activities, actually undermines the the pediatrician argument that because

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he measured A popular culture only in regards to the modern popular culture and not the old. So that might be actually the reason why he gets the results that that Omni was arising. But they are actually not. But it's a change in in the content of popular culture.

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 well, I mentioned the limitations already that we we don't have occupation income at the moment. So that's pretty much

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it's so. If there is any questions, please.

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of the question.

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I'm very excited to see a resurgence of class-based analysis.

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I haven't seen something like this examining cultural distinctions for a very long time, and it's quite exciting to see it coming from Finland in particular. And at this particular point in history.

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You're very welcome here.

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 something you know I might advocate for, and it's something I always have to when I see a almost

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an entirely empirical work that doesn't have much theoretical framing.

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It's fine work, I think, and some theoretical frames that I might advocate

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before you send this paper into the journal which I would advocate that you consider

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 The Thorston babbling comes to mind immediately when I look at class distinctions in

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consumption patterns.

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so it might be a nice frame there, to begin with, and to point to a little bit of elaboration of those themes over the twentieth century, you know we we certainly have to give the nod to to Weber.

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We certainly have to give the nod to Marks. We certainly have to give the nod to a couple few of those big names, you know. It wouldn't get twisted up in the whole

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debates within, but certainly making a good connection to the sociology of leisure versus the empirical content, or at least in addition to the empirical content, I think this empirical work is very good.

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One killer problem is the absence of income as a

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an independent variable.

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How come? Why? Why is that?

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does it? Let's get it. Okay?

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that's because we didn't collect the data. And we they they didn't include the income. This is secondary analysis of, yes, yeah, this data is collected by statistics. Finland. So right? So they they actually have the data on income. But but they won't. They won't let it out. Yeah, that's interesting in its own right.

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I would use that as a method that you know. Make sure we've got a methodological footnote or right in the front end of the paper that helps interpretation.

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Thank you for great work. Thank you.

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 just met it just made. And suppose the changes

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 we've heard to it, and day

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omnivore thesis have occurred before 1981,

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I mean the omnibus thesis was developed in the 1980 S.

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And at the time was referring to changes that

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were taking place had taken place.

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and it may be that those changes had taken place. Yeah.

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since, and but since 1981 in Finland

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the proportion of

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omnibuses remain pretty stable.

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and second, the second part of my question

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is that your indicator of socioeconomic status is education.

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not occupational class.

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you know.

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and is that a limitation of the evidence.

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I, if I understood your first question correctly. then. that the only or omnibus in the thesis has been developed in the ninetys, then

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 I think it was. It was a prison in 2,019 who who who wrote in poetics that that in the Us. It the only words already existed in in in the fifties or so. So that it was. It was a yeah, a mistake from peers, and to for not to account for all that phenomenon already. And and I think.

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besides this paper, I think the Danish and and the Dutch have already shown, have also shown previously that

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that the only boriousness as a phenomenon was extant already in those countries in

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in seventies. I think so. So. the invention of of of of omnivorous missus as phenomena by why, Pierre, Sam was was I don't want to be too pointy, but but you'll advice, maybe

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so. So. That's that that I think was what was the first and and yes, exactly We have education as us as the only measure of socioeconomic position at the moment. But, as I said, we have the have the data for the occupation, but it's it's it's a question of coding. Because

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since 82, I think we have had, like 3 different kind of of of of of coding procedures for the operations. So we don't have the coding at this time. ready to be. It's not comparable yet. So there's a lot of a lot of work to do with that.

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But the work is under way, but in in the income is is the is the variable that we don't have. And and that's that's a limitation, of course. But but since we know that occupation, education and income are heavily correlated. So I don't. If we have one missing variable, I don't think that's that's too much of a of a

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a problem, I guess.

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Thank you so much for the presentation. I'm from Finland, too, and I found this interesting.

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I'm a bit familiar with your research before, but what I was thinking about was the demographic factors the where people leave, because in the countryside there are no such leisure facilities as museums or operas, or anything like that. So have you thought about the democratic factors? And how did you meet this this analysis?

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between that towns where people live bigger towns and smaller towns, and the countryside where people basically have some residents. They have only

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possibilities for this Monday in activities like fishing or going hunting or being Paris or anything like that. So

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how did you analyze it, or did you analyze it?

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We have the have a very bottle for the area of residence. I didn't show anything here, but I think we can come back to that, maybe

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outside, because I think we are over time.

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Yes, thank you to that recognition.

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And if you.

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the next paper, I believe, is. there's a moment. Yeah.

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Professor Ken Roberts, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom Scholar, who's been one in 1,956, and

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the title of the paper is so used for the leisure of the brief page, for during the following

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only 19 1.

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What about the reason to change?

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I see.

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Okay.

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So Joe and the pandemic. Many countries experience periods that we call lockdowns

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restrictions on social activity into action.

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I think

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uniquely in the United Kingdom. The office for National Statistics conducted a special

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pandemic series of time-use surveys.

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Don't you know whether you you're familiar with these. But these surveys were conducted on blind

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with nationally representative samples.

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They claim

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of the population, aged 18, and over

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the most recent pre-pandemic survey was in 2,014 to 15, so that is our baseline.

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The first lockdown survey was conducted in March

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and April 2020. During the first lock down.

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Another survey was conducted in the autumn of that year.

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which we now know, though they didn't know at the time.

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was between lockdowns. Yeah.

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and the

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march 2021. A survey is conducted during what turns out to be the final lock down.

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and to the series. There is another time you survey in March 2022,

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which we think is the end of lockdowns. Yeah.

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now.

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I must point out that this is a United Kingdom, and I'm not going to be suggesting that the particular outcomes of the lockdowns would be similar in any other country. Yeah.

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I'm going to draw attention to how locked downs.

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put people's lives into flux. Normal routines

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were disturbed radically. Yeah.

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And afterwards, when things settled back, it was not into the old normal.

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but a new normal which had accelerated certain longer-term trends that have to do with the

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economic and policy context of the You don't United Kingdom.

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The United Kingdom is that context is that economic inequalities have been widening over the past 30 40 years.

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Our country now has some of the wealthiest people in Europe.

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It also has some of the poorest people in Europe.

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There's been

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an intergenerational decline

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in post-education. Life chances successive cohorts. At age 2530 are doing less well than their parents.

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There is also a demographic context.

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and that we've had sub-replacement birth rates since the 1970 S.

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And the cohorts born in the nineteenth

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forties, late forties, fifties, early sixties, the so called baby

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supersized cohorts are now moving into and through retirement.

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and someone has to pay for their pensions and health care.

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Yep, and that can only be the people who are in the Working age group. Another sort of pressure on the Working Age group is that the costs of facing children have visited. Yeah.

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as they spend longer in education.

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So that's the context. And the other part of the context is that we've not been building enough houses

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to accommodate the populations.

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General tendency to increase in size because of people living longer, and also because of of immigration, so bear that in line, so I won't try to get you to digest that

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table, which is the results of the

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time you surveys. But as a summary

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during the lockdowns as a movement to doing paid work at a workplace and into the home. Quite a big shift. most of which is sticking after the lockdowns.

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Total work time. I was actually gone up.

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Yeah, the population is doing more work.

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Three-time has also visited.

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Now in leisure studies. We've normally taken the view that increases in leisure time depend upon a reduction in work time.

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Yeah.

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Whereas, in point of fact, both have increased simultaneously.

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but not among the same sections of the of the population.

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So who is working longer? Yeah.

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the biggest, the group where there's the most

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biggest increase

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is among men in higher paid occupations.

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People like you

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and me in the past before before

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retirement.

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Now, these are people who are more likely to be working at home than any other section of the population.

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The results of these time youth surveys show that when people switch from working at a workplace to the home, they do not do less. Yeah.

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they actually do more.

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These are not people in occupations that are paid by the hour. Like.

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generally, they are paid for accomplishing tasks.

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and these are the people in occupations who have the best chances of increasing their incomes

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by promotion, by inter-careered mobility. Yeah, and that's the pressure upon them to work and to produce.

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There is also an increase in time spent at work by women, and especially

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women who are higher education graduates.

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and

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they have over the longer term been increasing their

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participation in the workforce

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towards starting work earlier after the birth of their first child.

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and then working full time rather than going into part-time work. So that's where the increase in working time comes from. And they need to

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increase maximize their incomes

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because these are the people who have got to pay taxes

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to support the elderly and the young in the general population, and their own elderly and young.

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who has the most free time, and who gain most during the pandemic

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me.

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People people in my in my age group. I mean, this is the where they bought a new what's described as a lucky generation. I was born before the baby boomers. Actually. But I I'm I'm I'm in it

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right? And I mean the over 60 age group includes some of the country's wealthiest individuals.

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They've accumulated assets like houses

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which they now own outright, and pay no mortgages. Indeed, they might own more than one property

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for their holiday use or to to rent out to others. and they now spend more time on out of them

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pleasure activities that do not involve looking at a screen like.

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So God didn't do it yourself. Physically active recreation

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on average, they now spend more time involving physically active activities than any other age group.

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And we're we're we're not playing a squash. And that I mean, what they're doing is walking yeah.

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and spend more time doing it than any other age group.

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I mean the other group who've got more free time post pandemic

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are the unemployed, underemployed, and low- of working age.

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more of whom were knocked out of the labour market during the pandemic, and had not gone back due to illness, or who.

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just difficult to find new positions in the in the workforce. They have no participation in national activities that don't involve watching a screen.

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and they spend most time more time watching the screen than any other section of the of the population.

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But at what time the evidence suggests is that the vicious society of the 20 first century

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is dividing the population in different ways. One you can say is that there are leisure workers, the people who supply the workforce for leisure industries that is generally low-paid.

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And then there are the people who spend their time and money on leisure activities.

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Another way of looking, dividing the population

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which has got missing.

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Never mind, I'm out of time, anyhow. Aren't I? So general conclusions

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that increased leisure need not be at the expense of working time. Both can increase simultaneously.

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Another conclusion from this this evidence is that money is a much more powerful enabler and restrictor of natural activities than time.

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So there is no

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great time coming.

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and also lacks allegations of the acceleration of life.

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people having to do everything faster.

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all

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grossly at gross exaggerations. And I think I've now come to the end of it.

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Thank you. Okay.

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Questions

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fascinating. Thank you very much. I think I received one of those surveys. I think I got a five-pound voucher. You did. Yes, to

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well, it it was something to do during the pandemic. You sat around the kitchen table wondering what to do. So it's Kay off. I'll fill in a survey and get my 5 pound shopping voucher.

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But but yes, a couple of things, I mean leisure time increasing during retirees. You perhaps would have.

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I thought that would be the case naturally, anyway, because if they're not in work, then

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there in leisure, I guess

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And also, unfortunately, the pandemic did remove quite a few of the the older generation.

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 there are understood. It's a I'm sorry we yeah.

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I mean the the long. the long-term trend is that there is a higher proportion of the total population in the 60 plus age group.

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Yeah. So simply having more of them increases the amount of free time that the entire population has

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the other thing that's happened. Post-pandemic.

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that more of the 60 Plus age group have retired. Yeah.

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And indeed, people in in their 50 s. As well.

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Now this has been enabled in the United Kingdom by a change in the law in 2,015 that enabled people to access their pension pots.

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Yeah. from age 55.

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Now.

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people in higher-paid occupations often have considerably signed great big but pension pots, yeah.

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on which they can feel feel they can live comfortably for the next for the next 40 years. Yeah. So they've been often been if they're dislodged from their occupations.

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and many firms employers that want wish to cut back in their costs. Kind of have have have have incentives to persuade older employees to retire early

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as this happened in your universities, and

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I mean, once people have left, what's what's been their main occupation, they are unlikely to be to be able to become the employed at a similar level.

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Yeah, therefore they settle for

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for retirement.

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So this has been another thing that's been operating in the United Kingdom. People have, in fact, been retiring earlier.

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that that is a pandemic effect. and an effect of the availability of accessibility to pensions

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from age 55. But that that is an incentive only for people who have buried large pension pots. Yeah.

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mean 40% of the population in Britain does not have a private pension at all. They just rely on entirely upon the State, and if they they rely entirely on the state that their pension has to be topped up

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in order that they can, in order that they can live. Yeah.

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all right, I have to

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that point. And and thank you, Professor Roberts, for

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a pretty

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provocative and invocative position, I would say. And the journal once again, will probably really like to see that paper. I would say, yes, no, no. Your buddy Drew calls.

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Okay, correct

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this.

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I

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professors

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from

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Timbrook University in India. Yes, yes.

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leisure activities and development of tourism in Lee, India.

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So

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I have nothing to present in laptop. I am a manual person.

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So please, please, please, please.

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and good morning, everybody.

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And

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in fact, the whole area

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of today's discussion is leisure time activities.

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It's changing pattern end of Roman.

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So in this regard, at the very outset, I like to say that laser experience.

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whether play, sport, happiness, quality of life. Well being

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all this usually optimize human development. And this is a unique approach.

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And second important thing here is how laser promotes or it facilitates an enable transformation.

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So these are the 2 important things to be. Find out, and how this changing pattern is emerging.

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But in this regard my paper is related to laser activities and development of tourism.

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2 things laser activities.

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one side and development of tourism. In other side. In lay

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lays a stick in Ladak.

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one of the most beautiful place in India

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in one side. It is one of the most beautiful place in India, the dark.

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You know the the the top portion of India. If you go to. If you see the map, it is in the top.

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in Kasmir.

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And Lay

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is one of the district of Ladak.

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and in only in 2,019.

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It was bifurcated from the State of Jammu and Kazmi.

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and it was made as a Union territory. Ladak as a Union territory. and this Ladak, after making it Union territory.

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Not only it is a a very beautiful Union territory. It is the largest Union territory in India

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in terms of geographical area.

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more than 54,000, a square kilometer.

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It is the area.

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and, on the other hand, it is the smallest populated. you know territory in India.

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And also I should mention here that this particular territory

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there are Indo-pac dispute. an Indo-signer dispute. That is another thing.

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But If I do not say this. I will be doing injustice, so I am in the very outset. I am just talking this

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and lay theistic.

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There are 2 district, Cargill, and lay

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under Ladakh Union territory. There are again. I am repeating it. To make you more understandable. One is lay in, and the another one is Cargill under the administrative division of Lada.

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and

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also, I like to add, the year is that it is above 1,600.

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See, I'm I'm sorry 16,000

343
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fit from the sea level, and you know there is a point

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18,350 where roads are constructed, and this is the wall.

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Highest motorable route

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it is in Ladakh.

347
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and also an amazing and awesome fact is that there.

348
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you know, there is a point all scientists are doing research on that

349
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you so much of your vehicle

350
00:44:34.810 --> 00:44:38.540
automatically. It will go like that without doing anything

351
00:44:38.790 --> 00:44:41.609
magnetic pool and pooses there

352
00:44:41.650 --> 00:44:49.400
in a particular pollution. It is near Gurudwara, one of the Gurudwara, where Sikh Punjabi is. They pray.

353
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That is the position.

354
00:44:51.000 --> 00:45:02.610
So it is very interesting, and Ladak is actually a place very close to my heart. and with this You know, before I say many, many things

355
00:45:02.720 --> 00:45:10.229
I should say, that Lada is in inhibited, especially lay is inhibited by Tivat and Buddhist.

356
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Tibetan, Buddhist.

357
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And you know I always enjoy listening to good dis something.

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And here I want to listen. One Buddhist something which is very, very close to my heart. I I I would play it.

359
00:46:29.780 --> 00:46:30.510
and

360
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I stop here. Dis something famous, something become famous everywhere in the world.

361
00:46:48.900 --> 00:46:54.650
and what it means. what it means. The famous

362
00:46:54.710 --> 00:46:58.199
lama, the Dalai Lama. he says.

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00:46:58.600 --> 00:47:01.350
by something. This

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you will have the intensity. You will get the wisdom

365
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to make your mind to make your body, to make your speed

366
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as pure as possible. to meet. It is a purification. It is a purification of your mind

367
00:47:26.250 --> 00:47:29.459
purification of your body and self.

368
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So, you know, is a very holy place

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it is.

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And in that particular place, you know, lots of tourism is developing.

371
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Lots of tourists are coming. and there are 2 very significant place. One is Peng Mong Lake.

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that is a big lake, and every time the color of the lake. Water of the lake changes

373
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different color, you will see. and tourists come there, and they enjoy there.

374
00:48:00.570 --> 00:48:08.520
and in a tourist come there. They they used to pass time, their leisure time with looking into different emails.

375
00:48:09.540 --> 00:48:14.390
different types of animals. There are wild horses. while camel

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00:48:14.710 --> 00:48:25.579
there are mammoth animals who usually stay 6 months inside soil and come out and stay 6 months outside.

377
00:48:26.110 --> 00:48:41.080
And you know this. This is all about the tourists. There are new brav heli! Where the chemical camel rights are there horse riding are there? You know I myself, I have rented a bike.

378
00:48:41.190 --> 00:48:46.830
and you know I have gone to the most.

379
00:48:47.260 --> 00:48:54.219
Okay, one more minute is there. So so when when when went to the tourist spot with bike.

380
00:48:54.290 --> 00:49:20.730
you know, all this type of activities are there but here I should, since only 1 min is there here. I should say that at the outset also we should know that those people they have also their leisure activities. There are nomadic people, there are novadic people who are safe. Art, who have. You are so many are together, and they they travel from one mountain to another mountain.

381
00:49:20.750 --> 00:49:39.440
and that is their style of life. But very astonishing thing is that you know the this may perhaps it will be the last generation. They are doing that because the coming generation, they are saying that we are not in a position to climb mountain and go one place to another in nomadic tradition.

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So that is their life they are enjoying, which is super, and there are a bad weather, extreme cold climate, minus 25 degrees centigrade, more than 16,000. Height, altitude of from the sea level. And Dick, in spite of that one gentleman, he told me, till my life is there, I will climb one mountain to another. I will survive like that.

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00:50:05.010 --> 00:50:33.659
Feel I can climb mountain. I will go and do this practice. So you know this people. They are doing it like that. And this is their different laser activities. And they do it like that here. in fact, I forgot to. show you one of my one of this strike. they they have, they have the the yeah I have. I am ending with this conclusion gifted me me. This handmade

384
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me.

385
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This is the camera.

386
00:50:36.270 --> 00:50:42.040
but with this I salute those people and end my conclusion. Thank you very much.

387
00:50:42.490 --> 00:50:46.670
and this is the kept presented by one of their tribesmen. Thank you

388
00:50:49.470 --> 00:50:51.259
to come up.

389
00:50:52.150 --> 00:50:58.450
Yes, tell me what you have the only one I have. This is their their hand. My!

390
00:51:00.650 --> 00:51:03.830
Any questions, folks I was

391
00:51:08.710 --> 00:51:18.679
I I wondered how tourism in and where it has been affected by the pandemic, and whether it's

392
00:51:18.800 --> 00:51:22.300
did it go down in must of darkness, and is it recovered?

393
00:51:24.310 --> 00:51:52.890
 In in, during pandemic time, you know, in in in lay especially, you know, it's very cold. During that time, you know, I have a report that there was no such schedule as such. It is so pure. I don't know whether the good days or the Lord would have saved them. That I don't know, but there was Not a single case, I mean die due to pandemic.

394
00:51:52.940 --> 00:52:05.130
And another thing is that. But now you know this, this, this is the Acs recess place. For source of water, all great Himalayan graciers are there.

395
00:52:05.370 --> 00:52:20.609
so so a person. Now, Sonam Onesuk. His name is that he's a Edu questionist, and he's a engineer by profession. He is now telling that you know the population of Ladak is hardly too lack.

396
00:52:20.810 --> 00:52:35.170
but tourism is increasing in sasserate that this year there are 3 luck people and part there. So he was very much concerned with the authoritarianism, how government is imposing a lot of to his death. And

397
00:52:35.170 --> 00:52:53.149
He is also concerned that by doing so, maybe all the glaciers and all these things will be lost. And it is very surprising to tell you that you know in Ladak there is no flash system. There are traditional toilets without flus. They have dry toilets.

398
00:52:53.330 --> 00:53:05.229
so that is very interesting. They use very less water, dry tolerance. And you know Later on, you know these things, you know, they convert it into manure.

399
00:53:05.440 --> 00:53:14.329
So there is a different additional system. I can talk on and on. If somebody want to talk with me regarding that. Thank you.

400
00:53:15.060 --> 00:53:21.010
Thank you. I have. just one question. There's a extensive literature

401
00:53:21.090 --> 00:53:24.480
of the impacts of tourism on indigenous culture

402
00:53:24.580 --> 00:53:28.509
and indigenous culture itself as an object of tourism.

403
00:53:28.930 --> 00:53:42.279
 and you know, before you send this paper to the journal, I'd invite you to frame it within that literature. It's not very hard to find. You can Google it impact of tourism on indigenous culture.

404
00:53:42.310 --> 00:53:47.159
And there you'll find some real good punch

405
00:53:47.520 --> 00:53:53.670
for your good empirical work. Yes. the suggestion as well. Yes, it is

406
00:53:53.680 --> 00:53:57.680
all right, I agree. Tremendous. Yes.

407
00:53:59.680 --> 00:54:01.880
Okay. Well, thank you.

408
00:54:17.230 --> 00:54:18.750
This is,

409
00:54:20.020 --> 00:54:32.910
really loud and tweak times from basing Sport. University of China, Polytechnic University of 2 scholars from very different parts of the world.

410
00:54:33.060 --> 00:54:36.950
understanding, leisure, constraints of Chinese college students.

411
00:54:37.160 --> 00:54:40.740
a comparison of participants, and on the dissidents.

412
00:54:41.780 --> 00:54:45.489
shiyi luo: thank you so much, kid. Every anyone could hear me.

413
00:54:46.190 --> 00:54:47.910
Yes, yes, yes, okay.

414
00:54:48.300 --> 00:55:01.060
shiyi luo: great. So good morning. Everyone. So the topic I'm going to present today is, understand the leisure cost range of Chinese college students, a comparison of participants and non participants.

415
00:55:01.660 --> 00:55:04.100
shiyi luo: So I would briefly.

416
00:55:04.270 --> 00:55:05.170
shiyi luo: okay.

417
00:55:05.780 --> 00:55:11.069
shiyi luo: talk about in into 4 sections. So the background of the study

418
00:55:11.370 --> 00:55:12.879
shiyi luo: would be

419
00:55:14.000 --> 00:55:35.929
shiyi luo: engaging in sport activities during this time has become a common lifestyle among Chinese college students in China college students normally recite on campus and spend most of the most of their time on campus. So in this case, campus recreational sport which refers to sport activities and programs that

420
00:55:35.930 --> 00:55:58.100
shiyi luo: take place within a college or a university campus setting is an important part of their campus life and physical activity in leisure time offers numerous benefits, not only for their physical or mental well being, but also for socializations. Academic outcomes, school recruitment, etc.

421
00:56:01.830 --> 00:56:12.019
shiyi luo: Despite the apparent benefits of campus recreational sports. China continues to face challenges such as inadequate time

422
00:56:12.340 --> 00:56:19.179
shiyi luo: for students to have extra curriculum activities and the lack of facility and declining

423
00:56:19.640 --> 00:56:22.910
shiyi luo: physical from this amount students.

424
00:56:22.950 --> 00:56:32.209
shiyi luo: So the Government has taken steps to address these issues by implementing relevance policy as the Powerpoint showed, and.

425
00:56:32.460 --> 00:56:35.950
shiyi luo: however, in order to effectively, effectively

426
00:56:36.000 --> 00:56:42.710
shiyi luo: address the problem, we think it's in crucial to understand the underlying reasons behind the

427
00:56:42.810 --> 00:56:49.809
shiyi luo: the lack of motivation among Chinese college students. They to engage in campus, recreational sports.

428
00:56:51.750 --> 00:56:58.340
shiyi luo: and the theoretical framework we apply into this study is leisure costing theory.

429
00:56:58.380 --> 00:57:09.739
shiyi luo: these, your constraint have been widely discussed or investigate in the last 2 decades. It is a theoretical framework that 6 to you understand why individuals may face barriers

430
00:57:09.980 --> 00:57:14.299
shiyi luo: during their participation and enjoyment of leisure activities.

431
00:57:14.370 --> 00:57:27.770
shiyi luo: So this year we suggested that there are 3 main types of constraints that could influence laser behaviors which are structural constraints, interpersonal constraints and interpersonal constraints.

432
00:57:27.970 --> 00:57:31.770
shiyi luo: So here structural constraint refer to external constraints

433
00:57:31.930 --> 00:57:39.390
shiyi luo: related to like a society or economy and interpersonal constraint, refer to

434
00:57:39.650 --> 00:57:48.269
shiyi luo: the constraint that related to interactions. For example, like families or friends and interpersonal constraints

435
00:57:48.420 --> 00:57:51.159
shiyi luo: will refer to constraints such as like

436
00:57:51.180 --> 00:57:55.270
shiyi luo: personal preference or personal attitudes or motivations.

437
00:57:55.550 --> 00:58:01.189
shiyi luo: So in recent years. Our researchers have also proposed, like new frameworks

438
00:58:01.350 --> 00:58:07.210
shiyi luo: based on this one. If, for example, Monica, in 2,019, proposed an ecological

439
00:58:07.510 --> 00:58:23.050
shiyi luo: model of constraints in which constraint could divided into other levels. And and also nowadays, most study. You have an analyzed campus recreation in a context of Western culture, more empirical

440
00:58:23.080 --> 00:58:26.839
shiyi luo: studies when needed in other cultural contexts.

441
00:58:28.320 --> 00:58:38.059
shiyi luo: So to address the issues mentioned about studying to test the model of these, your cost rates among the sample of Chinese college students

442
00:58:38.110 --> 00:58:49.650
shiyi luo: while exploring how constraints on the different 3 levels influence their participation in recreational sports among both participants and non participants.

443
00:58:52.610 --> 00:59:02.470
shiyi luo: So we investigated 160 S. College students, and we found out, like the most popular campus, recreational sports activities.

444
00:59:02.650 --> 00:59:03.990
shiyi luo: is

445
00:59:04.150 --> 00:59:16.840
shiyi luo: open recreation which referred to the unorganized activity that students participate in their own willingness. And later on the intramural.

446
00:59:17.300 --> 00:59:21.720
shiyi luo: the sports comes the second, and then the club sports.

447
00:59:23.720 --> 00:59:34.419
shiyi luo: So here's the measurement we used. There's 2 sets of questions. first, one, like the basic demographic questions. And then later, we adopted

448
00:59:34.510 --> 00:59:35.610
shiyi luo: the

449
00:59:35.710 --> 00:59:41.250
shiyi luo: leisure answering skills from Monica's worth in 2,019.

450
00:59:41.620 --> 00:59:42.929
shiyi luo: Here's the model.

451
00:59:46.290 --> 00:59:51.910
shiyi luo: And we also tested the reliability and validity of the

452
00:59:52.320 --> 00:59:59.130
shiyi luo: the scale and the the measurements. And it have shown the acceptable results.

453
01:00:00.800 --> 01:00:07.250
shiyi luo: These are the basic basic this descriptions of the the results.

454
01:00:08.780 --> 01:00:12.209
shiyi luo: So here comes the final results.

455
01:00:13.720 --> 01:00:20.519
shiyi luo: so based on the descriptive analysis, the 2 major constraints with lack of time

456
01:00:20.800 --> 01:00:23.179
shiyi luo: and lack of adequate training.

457
01:00:24.250 --> 01:00:31.739
shiyi luo: Also we also did a multi-group invariance test and to assess invariance across both

458
01:00:32.080 --> 01:00:39.749
shiyi luo: participants and non- participants, and it was proven to be environment across the 2 groups, as the results show

459
01:00:39.830 --> 01:00:40.960
shiyi luo: on the screen.

460
01:00:46.470 --> 01:00:56.400
shiyi luo: And we also tasked the differences between participants and non-participants. So we did an independent T test and significant differences. What identified

461
01:00:56.420 --> 01:01:06.809
shiyi luo: between the 2 samples, particularly at the interpersonal levels and structural levels, we can see the the numbers marked in bed.

462
01:01:06.880 --> 01:01:09.130
shiyi luo: which are significant results.

463
01:01:12.530 --> 01:01:34.620
shiyi luo: So here comes to the discussion and conclusion. So in order to promote inclusive and accessible leisure opportunities for students, the leisure constraints, highlights, the importance of understanding the constraints the students may face so amount. Chinese college students. One of the significant cost. Rings were found out to be a lack of time.

464
01:01:35.160 --> 01:01:47.480
shiyi luo: One of the reasons we found out would be the challenge of balancing academic schedules and their own personal leisure time, even though college students are perceived

465
01:01:47.640 --> 01:01:52.420
shiyi luo: as the group of people have more. This this possible leisure time.

466
01:01:52.470 --> 01:02:02.210
shiyi luo:  compared to other groups of people. the effective utilization of leisure time is not commonly practiced or understood in China.

467
01:02:02.410 --> 01:02:08.959
shiyi luo: Another reason would be the increasing screen time and also other category activities.

468
01:02:09.600 --> 01:02:13.690
shiyi luo: Also another cost ring is in adequate training.

469
01:02:14.000 --> 01:02:25.729
shiyi luo: I think it was caused by several reasons. One would be the insufficient resources on campus, such as the lack of facilities and lack of programming leading to

470
01:02:25.760 --> 01:02:34.339
shiyi luo: fewer opportunities for them to develop their sports skills. And the other important reason would be the limited sport culture and

471
01:02:34.470 --> 01:02:42.650
shiyi luo: the exam oriented education system in China, where sports and leisure activities are not given much attention.

472
01:02:45.240 --> 01:02:52.110
shiyi luo: Sorry. the study also proposed a perspective by comparing participants with no participants.

473
01:02:52.120 --> 01:03:00.649
shiyi luo: and the 3 constructs of leisure costing were proven to be environment. Among these 2 groups of sample

474
01:03:00.670 --> 01:03:20.270
shiyi luo: and non- participants face higher level of leisure cost R. So most of the items come compared to the participants and also significant differences we found between our party between these 2 groups of sample, particularly at the interpersonal level and structural level.

475
01:03:20.790 --> 01:03:37.669
shiyi luo:  so it is clear that students who don't engage in campus recreational sports often have higher level of constraints mainly due to the lack of training and the satisfaction with the facilities and the programs.

476
01:03:37.780 --> 01:03:43.800
shiyi luo: So in order to address these issues and promote a healthier approach

477
01:03:43.810 --> 01:03:53.679
shiyi luo: to leisure. So we think it's crucial for university or college administrators to implement leisure

478
01:03:53.750 --> 01:04:02.649
shiyi luo: education programs and teaching students how to make most use of their Alicia time and provide them with a structured

479
01:04:02.750 --> 01:04:13.980
shiyi luo: activities and guidance. And there's also a need to enhance programs and facilities in order to attract more students to to engage in, and one effective approach would be

480
01:04:14.450 --> 01:04:25.160
shiyi luo: between you. Introduce, the diverse range of leisure activities. So group activities that cater to students, preferences or interest.

481
01:04:25.230 --> 01:04:31.100
shiyi luo: So that's the end of my presentation. Thank you for your attention.

482
01:04:38.150 --> 01:04:39.760
You have questions here.

483
01:04:40.780 --> 01:04:41.470
shiyi luo: Cool.

484
01:04:45.550 --> 01:04:46.790
Mr. Roberts.

485
01:04:51.330 --> 01:04:52.930
good morning.

486
01:04:53.380 --> 01:04:55.639
Good morning

487
01:04:55.840 --> 01:04:58.020
morning here. Yes, and

488
01:04:59.370 --> 01:05:00.330
I

489
01:05:01.450 --> 01:05:04.850
but my understanding is that of China.

490
01:05:05.200 --> 01:05:08.569
I'm from Britain. Incidentally

491
01:05:08.840 --> 01:05:19.109
the time to to. I believe that Chinese students are under a great deal of pressure to do very well at their studies.

492
01:05:20.570 --> 01:05:28.030
Yeah, this, this, this, this, this pressure, is there when they're in secondary school.

493
01:05:28.290 --> 01:05:38.530
They have to get good good grades, good marks, and then they can go to university. So it's very competitive to to get in.

494
01:05:39.360 --> 01:05:44.369
Then when they're at university, they need to be among the top students.

495
01:05:45.590 --> 01:05:51.799
Yeah, in order to get decent jobs afterwards.

496
01:05:52.020 --> 01:05:59.890
So that and and so they they are under this pressure to do well on and in the studies.

497
01:06:00.920 --> 01:06:10.109
So I just wondered whether, taking part in recreational activities. This scene is a waste of time

498
01:06:11.250 --> 01:06:14.200
when really they should be working.

499
01:06:18.090 --> 01:06:19.920
I mean, they they

500
01:06:20.250 --> 01:06:22.989
stu student culture in Britain.

501
01:06:24.010 --> 01:06:34.620
I mean, it's the expectation is that if students will do their studies that will also be active in their leisure lives as well.

502
01:06:35.060 --> 01:06:37.420
It's part of going to university.

503
01:06:38.760 --> 01:06:44.049
and I thought I I wondered whether China was different in this respect.

504
01:06:45.720 --> 01:06:57.389
I know Chinese students who I have been in our department at Liverpool. They work incredibly hard. and they're shocked at the way in which

505
01:06:57.560 --> 01:07:03.390
English students go go about to go out wasting their time spent wasting money.

506
01:07:03.680 --> 01:07:10.349
they will never do that. So it was so. What what is it like in China, being a student.

507
01:07:11.640 --> 01:07:23.329
shiyi luo: Thank you. Thank you so much for your kind words, and even though I could see you but your your words are true, because, as I mentioned in A, in a presentation, that

508
01:07:23.750 --> 01:07:28.989
shiyi luo: the exam oriented education system always exist in China.

509
01:07:29.080 --> 01:07:43.749
shiyi luo: So because we are like in a competitive society. So we have to work harder to to, you know, to get up better, you know. Resume better. Cv. To go into you know, to go to the workplace.

510
01:07:43.810 --> 01:08:02.849
shiyi luo: So even though for you, you mentioned, like in secondary school, a high school student really hard to go to a university, so they don't like have that much leisure time to to do something like sports, which you know could be benefit to their studies, to their, you know, mental well-being or health.

511
01:08:03.240 --> 01:08:21.899
shiyi luo: But in in university the the same situation happens that because we are trying hard to go to a to find a better job, so we would rather sacrifice some of our personal leisure time to, you know, to do something else to make the Cv better.

512
01:08:21.970 --> 01:08:35.380
shiyi luo: So I think it's the problems of the leisure education that we don't have this kind of. We don't fully understand what is leisure and how it could be benefit to us.

513
01:08:35.690 --> 01:08:37.660
shiyi luo: because we're yeah.

514
01:08:39.540 --> 01:08:41.860
shiyi luo: So that's all. Thank you.

515
01:08:49.300 --> 01:08:50.060
There

516
01:08:53.300 --> 01:08:55.070
do we have other questions?

517
01:08:55.450 --> 01:08:56.310
Oh.

518
01:08:56.690 --> 01:09:02.290
I have one comment to my following up on Professor Roberts.

519
01:09:02.380 --> 01:09:13.990
and a question which I I think is right to the core of the paper. The difference between the West and the East, which is really what you began with with Godby's work is about American students.

520
01:09:14.240 --> 01:09:22.450
He tries to say, everybody's like this. Well, no, that's not the case, and I really applaud. The initiation of your inquiry.

521
01:09:22.750 --> 01:09:33.050
It really is time that we went beyond imagining that our own cultures are ubiquitous globally. They are not.

522
01:09:33.350 --> 01:09:37.310
And you know I'd like to to

523
01:09:37.570 --> 01:09:45.139
certainly advocate picking up on Professor Roberts Point, that

524
01:09:45.280 --> 01:09:46.840
you know the the

525
01:09:47.190 --> 01:09:51.749
the intensity of work cultures from one jurisdiction to the next

526
01:09:52.030 --> 01:09:59.609
is one of those big important factors that separates cultural conduct.

527
01:09:59.700 --> 01:10:17.829
you know. If you can, if you can make that leap and frame it in. it could possibly be framed, I think, in an authoritarian way, looking at job structures as an authority that we can't resist.

528
01:10:18.670 --> 01:10:31.859
And you know, with a framing, a good sociological framing like that. I advocate you send it into the Journal, because it's it's a recognition that I think our journals of

529
01:10:32.080 --> 01:10:43.519
 not so much overlooked. But don't take as centrally important, and I think your work would really be a good

530
01:10:43.600 --> 01:10:47.309
comparative analysis that I believe we're solely missing.

531
01:10:48.460 --> 01:10:51.369
Thank you for your tremendous work.

532
01:10:51.390 --> 01:10:54.660
shiyi luo: Thank you so much. Thank you for your recognition. Thank you.

533
01:10:56.320 --> 01:10:57.520
Right.

534
01:11:04.520 --> 01:11:07.079
Switch back to good old paper, I think.

535
01:11:07.740 --> 01:11:09.350
All right.

536
01:11:10.620 --> 01:11:15.560
our next presentation is by Professor Socarte

537
01:11:15.740 --> 01:11:19.369
at M. R. J. M. College.

538
01:11:19.820 --> 01:11:22.860
in Karrad, India

539
01:11:22.890 --> 01:11:32.029
challenges to Tamasha a folk art, a case study in Satara and sangly district of

540
01:11:32.130 --> 01:11:37.899
Maharista, Malasta, India. Thank you.

541
01:11:40.020 --> 01:11:40.920
Okay.

542
01:11:51.270 --> 01:11:55.910
So respected as chairperson and

543
01:11:58.090 --> 01:12:02.840
our convenor, Professor Dr. Smithauch, are madam

544
01:12:03.200 --> 01:12:07.309
and all seniors. my colleagues and friends.

545
01:12:08.330 --> 01:12:09.460
So

546
01:12:11.640 --> 01:12:22.690
this is my paper title that is, challenges of tamasha. If forgot. A case study of sang realistic in Maharashtra, India.

547
01:12:23.950 --> 01:12:33.080
you see, since the existence of humans on Earth, they have constant peace struggle for survival.

548
01:12:33.500 --> 01:12:42.820
The struggle has encompassed the nature. Dedatory animals, birds, and various aspects of life in general.

549
01:12:43.770 --> 01:12:49.520
In their free time humans have sought happiness.

550
01:12:49.620 --> 01:12:53.740
and various other art forms have been

551
01:12:54.330 --> 01:12:57.610
born out of this pursuit.

552
01:12:57.720 --> 01:13:01.419
India is also not an exception, for this

553
01:13:02.850 --> 01:13:17.269
different art forms have flourished in different religion. Regions of India, like. In North India there is Ras-lila, or RAM Lila in Gujarat

554
01:13:17.530 --> 01:13:22.919
state. There is a of Baha'i or Garba.

555
01:13:23.180 --> 01:13:34.889
in Bengal or Bihar region, or state. There is a form of Jatra, Gampera, and Kristenia. In South India. There are Yukshagan

556
01:13:35.030 --> 01:13:38.619
with, you know. I come and come to

557
01:13:39.400 --> 01:13:49.129
like this in Maharashtra. There are also form of arts, that is, Shahiri, Loveny, tamasha, and all.

558
01:13:50.340 --> 01:13:58.300
tamashi is a very, particularly very distinct, beautiful, and popular folk, art

559
01:13:58.870 --> 01:14:09.919
friends before understanding tamasha and folk art this tamasha, we can understand the social status and social structure of the Indian society.

560
01:14:10.330 --> 01:14:19.750
In India the society is hierarchical. There are 4 Bernas, that is, Brahman, Chatriovich, and Shudra. And this.

561
01:14:19.920 --> 01:14:28.709
Brahmans, is in higher status, and Shudra, and as the Shudra is in lower status.

562
01:14:29.310 --> 01:14:42.569
Attishudra Shudra are untouchables in Indian society. and I want to say this, this tamasha focart is origin. In this untouchables. The leads

563
01:14:42.690 --> 01:14:49.599
downtrodden or marginalized people. They found out this tamasha art.

564
01:14:49.910 --> 01:15:05.610
In this my paper I want to find out what is tamasha? Origin of tamasha art. What is the importance of the tamasha art? What is current status of tamasha and challenges faced by tamasha. Art and artist

565
01:15:05.700 --> 01:15:24.790
mythology is the same secondary data, and also I have taken some interviews and non-participent observation I followed, for this paper research area is very fixed because the origin of tamasha art is in sangly district.

566
01:15:24.820 --> 01:15:46.819
It was firstly Saturdayistic, and it is in Western Namaharasta. So west of Mara is the a research area. So I want to know. I want to tell something about Tamasha Focart in Mahara style, so there are many region, many folk arts in conquer. There is the Shaatar

567
01:15:46.900 --> 01:16:03.479
in Marathura, there is Gonthur in Vyderba, there is Ripati, or Mundary, like this Western Maharashtra, there is lawny and shahiri and tamasha art.

568
01:16:04.340 --> 01:16:26.620
So what is tamasha? The meaning of word tamasha? Tamasha is a word. Actually it is taken or occur in thirteenth and fourteenth century in Mughal Empire. Sant Akhanat Maharas mentioned the word Pamasha, Buddhist Tamasha de K. It was his line in his Bajan or Appangaz.

569
01:16:26.900 --> 01:16:37.650
so tamasha means open spectac or open show. In Canada language, or in Turgo language of India. Tamasha means fun.

570
01:16:37.720 --> 01:16:52.879
In the Malayalam and Bengali language. There is Tamashamin's joke in a Malaya language. Tamasha means festival is kisswali, East African language. Tamasha means festival or show

571
01:16:53.070 --> 01:17:04.780
in Jewish or Turkish language. Tamasha means fun or current city. In Armenian language. West Asian country tamasha means

572
01:17:05.640 --> 01:17:16.830
entertainment, interesting entertainment, but according to me, kamasha is a Marati word. There are 2 words Tama and Asha.

573
01:17:16.960 --> 01:17:29.840
Tama means dark night, and Asha means hope or wish. So in our Indian society the untouchable people downtrodden people

574
01:17:29.970 --> 01:17:43.800
marginalized the people. They brought this. They are original of originator of the Samashar, so, according to me, the meaning of Maratu word tamasha means

575
01:17:45.570 --> 01:17:55.599
the their life is dark. and they want to enjoy something that is their wish to enjoy. That is the

576
01:17:56.220 --> 01:18:04.500
so you see, in the year some some scholars, Maharashtra, India. They they they

577
01:18:04.670 --> 01:18:27.000
tail that tamasha origin, or created in Peshua period. But actually that is false. In Pesha period there is never a single line about written about tamasha, where tamasha presented, or how where nothing is.

578
01:18:27.090 --> 01:18:39.419
occur in any document. So that is not true. Tamasha origin in Peshawar period. But no doubt Tamasha's started after Peshwai

579
01:18:39.780 --> 01:18:41.250
after Peshwai.

580
01:18:41.270 --> 01:18:46.590
You see, I shall tell. Smith. Aoucher had a will better now. 2 min

581
01:18:46.830 --> 01:18:54.420
straight to conclusions. Sorry, man. Okay, so it started in 1,860

582
01:18:54.850 --> 01:19:12.229
Martin Community people. Umaji Chambly and Babaji Sate was the founder of Tamasha origin, and this is in Sangladistic. So I shall tell you the challenges of Perthamasha. Only.

583
01:19:12.550 --> 01:19:14.329
I shall tell just

584
01:19:17.410 --> 01:19:21.129
what is tamasha and the challenges of the Russia.

585
01:19:22.870 --> 01:19:32.489
you see. Lack of Adequate funding. The financial support for organizing tamasha's spectacles is unsuppicient.

586
01:19:32.760 --> 01:19:34.100
Low

587
01:19:34.800 --> 01:19:37.780
remuneration, tamash artis receives

588
01:19:38.080 --> 01:19:41.089
meager way for their performances.

589
01:19:41.110 --> 01:19:43.919
influence of film industry

590
01:19:43.990 --> 01:19:46.270
financial constraints.

591
01:19:46.980 --> 01:19:52.600
lack of glamour and publicity, health issues and addiction

592
01:19:52.670 --> 01:19:56.320
personal issues. the

593
01:19:56.570 --> 01:20:01.820
a competition from other entertainment options.

594
01:20:02.500 --> 01:20:14.360
difficulties paced by elderly artists. the lives of elderly Tamashartis, like beggars. discretion among tamasha artists.

595
01:20:14.870 --> 01:20:20.740
government negligence of government, lack of effective organization.

596
01:20:21.360 --> 01:20:31.629
neglect of education, tamash artis often neglect the education of their children, and last stigmatization of female performers.

597
01:20:31.710 --> 01:20:41.910
Female performance in Tamasha's spectacles are unfairly stigmatized as prostitutes by some segments of society.

598
01:20:41.990 --> 01:20:47.599
and last conclusion, I want to tell conclusion, only

599
01:20:51.500 --> 01:20:54.419
because Very less time

600
01:21:00.900 --> 01:21:11.230
is for violence in calculation. Tamasha stands as a significant folk art form that has pursued

601
01:21:11.850 --> 01:21:27.560
through the centuries, organizing from the marginalized communities outside the villages in Maharashtra it serve as a source of entertainment, cultural expressions.

602
01:21:27.560 --> 01:21:42.519
and a means of livelihood for the performers, despite facing challenges and prejudices from those who view it as inferior. Tamasha has managed to

603
01:21:42.520 --> 01:21:49.280
captivate audiences with its humorous songs.

604
01:21:49.440 --> 01:22:00.059
lively dances. and engaging performance. It carries the spirit of inclusivity and resilience

605
01:22:00.390 --> 01:22:20.469
representing the diverse culture fabric of Mahasta. As we delive into the rich history and evolution of tamasha, it becomes evident that this art form holds immense value, and deserve recognition and

606
01:22:20.560 --> 01:22:38.310
appreciation for its contributions to the cultural heritage of India. Last sentence, let us celebrate the preserved tamasha, ensuring that it continues to thrive and inspire generations to come. Thank you very much.

607
01:22:41.460 --> 01:22:43.360
especially in comments.

608
01:22:47.720 --> 01:23:07.859
I certainly have one. Yeah, I'm quite excited. Right. Now listen and tell me. Yeah. So I'm I'm quite excited about your your focus on different meanings of the work of of bamasha tamasha

609
01:23:07.870 --> 01:23:14.269
located in different cultures. Yeah. And I think this is the strength of the paper.

610
01:23:14.390 --> 01:23:23.970
And yes, absolutely. It's it's good to to promote and preserve cultural context and meanings.

611
01:23:24.170 --> 01:23:34.689
you know, I would certainly encourage a comparison. You know an intentional comparison that more or less points to why it is

612
01:23:34.700 --> 01:23:42.200
that we would have one meaning in a higher culture and one meaning elsewhere.

613
01:23:42.510 --> 01:23:45.709
you know. I think that's a

614
01:23:46.590 --> 01:23:57.920
an important direction that you could go, and one that is readily framed in sociological literature. So I truly thank you for your detailed work.

615
01:23:58.880 --> 01:24:00.349
Thank you. Yes.

616
01:24:01.630 --> 01:24:04.940
but a little Punch, Ballo. His name never.

617
01:24:39.760 --> 01:25:00.570
In this tamasha there are few names, is very important. I would mention. Umaji Babaji, one thing, another, Bao Pakkur, Karubaru, Baumann, Narendaaker, Vitawa, Bahamas, the Vita by Bahamas, women Artist he was Granted by President of India.

618
01:25:01.010 --> 01:25:14.890
an uphouse satellite, Babaji. Shiba Tasgowkar Bajaran Kilari, fling Ricker, we do want to move on. Yes, so thank you. Thank you. Very much. Thank you.

619
01:25:22.220 --> 01:25:24.089
but of reporting

620
01:25:26.320 --> 01:25:31.569
humans, leisure and constraints to recent participation. Indian perspectives.

621
01:25:31.610 --> 01:25:37.789
Very well, government near girls. College registered Indian

622
01:25:40.180 --> 01:25:42.000
sure

623
01:25:43.530 --> 01:25:46.640
doesn't look like they're here

624
01:25:47.110 --> 01:25:48.779
and you, are you there?

625
01:25:49.100 --> 01:25:49.990
No.

626
01:25:52.560 --> 01:25:53.700
all right.

627
01:25:53.940 --> 01:26:01.620
Well, perhaps we can catch up with that paper later on, and and possibly slotted in somewhere. Something might have happened.

628
01:26:02.050 --> 01:26:11.490
We'll move to the next paper revival of family and personal relations with free time during imposed Lockdown.

629
01:26:12.670 --> 01:26:16.130
a study conducted in Metro City.

630
01:26:17.090 --> 01:26:25.969
Yes. Raoul Hajari, Department of Sociology as C. College, Banipur, India.

631
01:26:26.380 --> 01:26:27.450
I just

632
01:26:27.500 --> 01:26:29.130
Rahul Hajare: you're welcome.

633
01:26:29.810 --> 01:26:30.860
Rahul Hajare: Yes, sir.

634
01:26:30.870 --> 01:26:33.760
there you go! Welcome!

635
01:26:36.570 --> 01:26:38.890
Yes, you you! You can begin now.

636
01:26:39.570 --> 01:26:42.040
Rahul Hajare: Yes, honorable chair

637
01:26:42.230 --> 01:26:51.199
Rahul Hajare: session of the session organizer and friends, unfortunately not presenting this paper in person, so

638
01:26:51.340 --> 01:26:58.679
Rahul Hajare: failing little bit bad about that. But I'm delighted to have my presentation with the

639
01:26:58.750 --> 01:27:03.680
Rahul Hajare: this. however, thank you for having me.

640
01:27:04.150 --> 01:27:08.909
Rahul Hajare: I'm I'm already associate, Professor. Presently. I'm so sure

641
01:27:10.150 --> 01:27:17.049
Rahul Hajare: at the beginning session organizer, Dr. Which I express. Hope that panelists shall

642
01:27:17.160 --> 01:27:23.519
Rahul Hajare: cover both aspects of the leisure activity that is, in both way positive and negative.

643
01:27:23.660 --> 01:27:34.399
Rahul Hajare: My presentation is closer to that idea of that extra. that how leisure time provide opportunity to connect and expanding social networking.

644
01:27:34.800 --> 01:27:53.579
Rahul Hajare: and the title of presentation is revival of family and personal relations with the free time during the impost lockdown Which was imposed in COVID-19. And it was a it is a study conducted in a Metro city Oranga Bar

645
01:27:53.650 --> 01:27:57.460
Rahul Hajare: which is located in Monaster Province of India.

646
01:27:58.360 --> 01:28:06.169
Rahul Hajare: So COVID-19, we know, perhaps, is the first and almost world wide challenge occurred

647
01:28:06.220 --> 01:28:25.440
Rahul Hajare: which turn out as a procedure to civilization, and it continued to continued for 2 years, and people were imposed lockdown. They're stuck at their homes. And it was a strange experience earlier. All the speakers have already mentioned that

648
01:28:26.480 --> 01:28:33.639
Rahul Hajare: so the restricted restrictions that force them to really understand the value of support

649
01:28:33.720 --> 01:28:44.640
Rahul Hajare: and importance of a human interaction. this period was huge challenge to each one as a mental health was at stake, and it was put on test

650
01:28:44.800 --> 01:28:48.970
Rahul Hajare: Many lost their dev ones and other laws. Their jobs

651
01:28:49.110 --> 01:28:53.050
Rahul Hajare: level of anxiety was at high, and there were only

652
01:28:53.060 --> 01:29:02.090
Rahul Hajare: few options we see which one of which is virtual mode social networking social media.

653
01:29:02.370 --> 01:29:22.779
Rahul Hajare: And with that there were social interactions happened in that period, and it was a challenging phase. However, there were some hopes. And there are some interesting happenings with this social network being virtual more and use of social media.

654
01:29:23.180 --> 01:29:30.130
Rahul Hajare:  I Internet and social media was the only who at that time

655
01:29:30.420 --> 01:29:37.120
Rahul Hajare: my study is conducted in city, and that shows people try to revive

656
01:29:37.130 --> 01:29:44.059
Rahul Hajare: the relationships within the free time. What they get in those period the lockdown years.

657
01:29:44.070 --> 01:29:56.329
Rahul Hajare: And they try to connect the family and the community in in the in the form of the interaction through the social media.

658
01:29:56.640 --> 01:30:12.739
Rahul Hajare: huge amount of free time. And they got, and how they utilize that time to connect the people. That was the idea of my presentation, and I tried to discover what actually happens.

659
01:30:12.750 --> 01:30:20.070
Rahul Hajare: So we all know that the appearance of technology in this battle was a very crucial and the

660
01:30:20.380 --> 01:30:34.429
Rahul Hajare: extreme danger situation was arrived, and there were so many digital equipments was used in this this period, like a modern medical equipment, digital equipment and communication technology

661
01:30:34.430 --> 01:30:52.790
Rahul Hajare: was the important part of this battle. All others equipments also used and so many social networking platforms and techniques were used in this period. If we if we get the data from various

662
01:30:52.880 --> 01:30:57.079
Rahul Hajare: agencies, we can find that the social

663
01:30:57.430 --> 01:31:25.479
Rahul Hajare: use of social media and social networking was at very high. And there was a idea of being provide a kind of relaxation of answering kind of treatment through the social media also. So the social media and social networking was very much in this battle which we call the fight against go on now.

664
01:31:25.860 --> 01:31:44.190
Rahul Hajare: So how the Internet social media and interaction happens particularly social media is, We know that powerful tool to share X-rays into exchange and gather information. In this, in the beginning, various government started using social media platform to spread awareness and to make alert or masses.

665
01:31:44.190 --> 01:32:00.109
Rahul Hajare: However, in shorter period of time, social media emerge as a resource in this battle. Similarly, like a Zoom and Microsoft applications, we are emerged as a tool for group discussion. Since then people started their interaction through social media.

666
01:32:00.240 --> 01:32:05.109
Rahul Hajare: The information flow started through social media and various similar applications. Initially

667
01:32:05.470 --> 01:32:17.119
Rahul Hajare: it was done for getting current update and receiving to jam on the information later on this information was flown to user, to user. And it was too easy to get that for a layman. Also.

668
01:32:17.300 --> 01:32:33.970
Rahul Hajare: it was very effective also because videos and graphics regarding the pandemic was also shared, and it was, for it was good for reducing the anxiety and the problems faced by the citizens.

669
01:32:34.380 --> 01:32:44.659
Rahul Hajare: So the COVID-19 was there was. There was so misconception and wrong in pollution that floated on social media. So both way it was used.

670
01:32:44.690 --> 01:33:03.309
Rahul Hajare: But in in a positive form. We can say that it was a new interaction level where individuals could see and feel their dear ones without meeting in person, because the like was imposed, and it was so important to release

671
01:33:03.680 --> 01:33:08.470
Rahul Hajare: the pressure and come out from that anxiety with this virtual interaction.

672
01:33:08.670 --> 01:33:32.690
Rahul Hajare: so there are many features which was which we are proven very useful, useful, and study. So there are so many studies in The in this topic has been done which has which I have covered in my presentation also. There was a a there was a feeling of escaping from this anxiety

673
01:33:32.910 --> 01:33:56.629
Rahul Hajare: with this social media, because a a large amount of free time what we call the leisure time we got, and we could have a interaction with all this with the community friends, family friends, and the family members which are living apart from the place

674
01:33:56.630 --> 01:34:13.130
Rahul Hajare: study shows that every extreme users of Internet and Mobile are socially connected in that period. And they wanted to express their pressure, because, as I said, the mental health was also at the State.

675
01:34:13.510 --> 01:34:30.439
Rahul Hajare: so the extended leisure time provide ample time to have an interaction with close one, which perhaps is not possible without that extended leisure time, because when

676
01:34:30.630 --> 01:34:50.900
Rahul Hajare: the others resource person was telling about the old normal and new normal in the old normal. Also, we don't have. That was time to connect with the dear ones, but we have what we desired, and we wanted to do. It was time to explain the

677
01:34:51.160 --> 01:35:11.649
Rahul Hajare: feelings with the close relatives, community members with wants and filling. It was a whole new experience. And with this angle I conducted one a little survey A other service also has been done in many fields, especially especially in the field of psychology.

678
01:35:12.090 --> 01:35:30.230
Rahul Hajare: like social media for long-distance relationships, social media for a successful communication. So in my study, I will just briefly, I will.

679
01:35:31.030 --> 01:35:51.250
Rahul Hajare: the responded, we are scheduled. A question are with the objectives of the data regarding use of social media and out of the and it respondent. They were 68 male and 32 female respondents. I will just elaborate the major conclusions. that is.

680
01:35:51.740 --> 01:36:19.800
Rahul Hajare: specifically to C, 3. This 1% respondents said that we got a fresh look to our relationship with friends and community. With that leisure time we can connect them. And 61% responded. Accept that leisure time used on social media use for contacting trades, which was an opportunity for them. So this can be kind of a revival in this, the that relationships and it The study was conducted in

681
01:36:19.800 --> 01:36:35.789
Rahul Hajare: last December 22, and I asked them whether you are still connected with them. So the 59% respondents say, in a, in a one or other way, they are connected with those the trains, community members and relatives

682
01:36:36.000 --> 01:36:41.140
Rahul Hajare: when they were connected in the corona time. So

683
01:36:41.420 --> 01:37:03.169
Rahul Hajare: it was my presentation. so thank you for having me. And a very it. It's a. It's a a possibility that what I was saying it's the same like that what I am presenting myself in virtual more, and I'm presenting my thoughts by sitting at my home. So thank you for listening to me. Thank you. Bye.

684
01:37:05.140 --> 01:37:09.709
Well, thank you. Professor.

685
01:37:10.270 --> 01:37:16.470
questions and comments. I certainly have one. I always do. But folks

686
01:37:19.020 --> 01:37:20.279
any reason?

687
01:37:21.590 --> 01:37:23.980
Well, I have one for you.

688
01:37:24.390 --> 01:37:31.430
I think your examination of connectivity during Covid is very important.

689
01:37:31.570 --> 01:37:42.659
this is the Our our micro daily relations are the glue of society, and how it is that we stay buoyant and avoid alienation. The good stuff.

690
01:37:43.030 --> 01:37:46.569
What I'm I'm wondering is

691
01:37:46.800 --> 01:37:57.039
if your your conclusion about connectivity improved during Covid is related to

692
01:37:58.440 --> 01:38:02.769
a particular cohort, a particular social class

693
01:38:02.990 --> 01:38:11.379
and probably also particular ethnic low cars that have money.

694
01:38:11.770 --> 01:38:21.330
one concern I have with the overall conclusion is, I recall my own family in in Australia. During Covid

695
01:38:21.480 --> 01:38:25.179
we were radically separated for about 2 years

696
01:38:25.900 --> 01:38:30.540
 and that had an impact on us.

697
01:38:30.770 --> 01:38:41.420
The impact was that we gathered more closely and more frequently thereafter, because we just understood how fragile and contingent that connectivity can be.

698
01:38:42.129 --> 01:38:46.499
So one, you know, I would advocate to

699
01:38:46.650 --> 01:38:52.150
investigating your analysis, what might be the variations in particular groups

700
01:38:52.209 --> 01:39:06.570
on how connectivity was possible, whether or not it was good. and what other kinds of techniques, of maintaining relationships might have been operating other than the E-world.

701
01:39:07.129 --> 01:39:09.689
So those are just some. Yes.

702
01:39:09.889 --> 01:39:23.169
Rahul Hajare: but thank you for your remark. Yes, The study was conducted in a particular group. It is a city of Metro City, so that, what your concern is about that the group was

703
01:39:23.170 --> 01:39:44.090
Rahul Hajare: from the Metro city. But There is one question in my question that that whether you are connected with your native place, which might be in the countryside or the village, so there are some positive responses that the people were in contact with the country side relatives and the friends, family friends, and

704
01:39:44.090 --> 01:39:52.769
Rahul Hajare: they try to connect because in previous time they were, they were unable to connect with them. So yes, it

705
01:39:53.049 --> 01:40:09.459
Rahul Hajare: it can be The. Your suggestion is welcome that it can be C in a different mode that in different groups, how they have connected, or what are the basis of the connection. Thank you for your

706
01:40:09.809 --> 01:40:17.890
perhaps, that that recognition could end the paper for further work. I think your work is fine as it is. Thank you.

707
01:40:20.370 --> 01:40:24.550
All right. I can't clap with a microphone in my hand.

708
01:40:27.290 --> 01:40:36.429
we come to to the end of the session. I think we've we've seen a broad variety of

709
01:40:36.469 --> 01:40:43.340
challenges to.

710
01:40:43.980 --> 01:40:45.570
Yes.

711
01:40:45.700 --> 01:40:49.189
so.

712
01:40:52.190 --> 01:40:54.780
yes.

713
01:40:55.299 --> 01:40:58.679
yes, we can start.

714
01:40:58.700 --> 01:41:13.419
Yes, yes, that's what I'm doing. We've seen a broad variety of analyses, of of leisure activities in in multiple cultural contexts.

715
01:41:13.520 --> 01:41:20.930
One, you know. One comment I would always make, and that's a perennial one for me is some

716
01:41:21.059 --> 01:41:26.839
to enable interpretation of the work in its cultural context.

717
01:41:27.129 --> 01:41:32.969
I think needs to be identified right up front and right up, back.

718
01:41:33.240 --> 01:41:39.849
I think the work we've seen today should remind us that we cannot be colonizing

719
01:41:40.280 --> 01:41:48.819
all peoples with one conclusion from one place. It's not possible. And we've seen sociology do this in the past.

720
01:41:48.870 --> 01:41:51.259
It's starting to move away from this.

721
01:41:51.380 --> 01:42:05.150
and I would certainly encourage our colleagues to make an explicit location for their work, so that we can interpret. Is this the same here or here?

722
01:42:05.710 --> 01:42:11.630
It's in this way that we begin to build a global sociology of leisure, I think.

723
01:42:12.860 --> 01:42:19.499
Thank you all for for bravely coming this morning was not too early, I suppose.

724
01:42:19.550 --> 01:42:24.089
1030. It's time for coffee, you know. We can do that and come here. That was tremendous.

725
01:42:24.190 --> 01:42:28.779
and we'll see you all shortly at the next session. Thank you.

726
01:42:30.210 --> 01:42:33.000
It's my we shall stand here on.