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good morning, all of you.

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Ron: Good morning.

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Myself. Boxing God from I am due. I am session organizer of this session

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and this session will be chaired by Professor Mae Sukla, Government, T. R. S. College of Excellence, Riva, M. P. India, and this will be Co. Chair by Professor Ajaylu Nimoy!

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From the center of our study of social exclusion

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and inclusive policy industry of

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Ron: head robot

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and panelists in the this session are man-made score from Punjabi University, Patyalla, and Durguez, their party from Guru Gobins in anthropology.

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New Delhi

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and paper presentator for paper presentation has been enlisted here.

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first one is Ronald Angel. is she? Is there, Ronald? Right here?

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Okay.

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and second one in it. Dr. Thepti Kosik is on the way

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to the center. She will reach within a few time.

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And Mr. Rejoicing, are you there?

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Okay?

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And next one. It's a ritualserma from University of Delhi.

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Rito, you are connected.

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: Yes, sir, thank you so much. I'm here.

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Okay, okay, welcome. Welcome. So

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about the session, you know. The very title itself suggests locating

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a human rights in globalized world.

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Today you are seeing that when authoritarianism rising at the global level

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and how human rights are violated.

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On the basis of cars, creed, ration, religion, language that is going on, and in such a circumstances, on one hand, these poor people are fighting for survival. On other hand, they have to take care of their human life, human dignity, humil as being a human, whatever right they go.

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but still they are violated. They somewhere, they are, treated as a lesser citizen, lesser a human being. So if you want to say that we want to actually say global society or global order in which human

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can be treated as a human and whatever rights are necessary for, For the growth of full potential of a human being. that we have to. think over it. And for the better global we have to take care of the human rights of every citizen, every human being throughout the world. So now I hand over

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Mike.

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to our chair, Professor ma sukla He will do rest of the thing. Thank you. Welcome again.

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Thank you. Dr. Boop Singh.

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You see

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distinguished scholars and my colleagues. paper presenter and over, dear panelists.

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20 first century is a word of diversity.

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The babe of development. competition, struggle. and challenges are visible simultaneously.

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The biggest problem with this struggle and challenge is about human rights

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in the developed society in which we are living today artificially is more visible around it, and real is less.

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The greed for money in super messy is becoming a challenge for the human society physics indicating alarm bail for human rights

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in the action plan prepared by the United Nations from 2,015 to 2,030,

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17 goals

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have been taken. We have to find human right in these 17 goals.

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Now we do not have to limit human rights only to our struggle in violence, but to find them in every aspect of social life, like no poverty, 0 hunger, good health, and welling quality, education, gender equality.

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clean water and sanitation affordable and clean energy. decent work and economic growth.

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industry, innovation in infrastructure, reduce inequality, sustainable cities and communities, responsible conjunction in production, climate, action.

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life below water, life on land.

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peace, and just it, strong justification.

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All the ever goals are of United Nations, which is the subject of contemplation of every social thinkers.

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I am sure that the scholar of this session will be openly discussed these things.

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so that we can revive new hopes for the betterment of the world to come.

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We have to make a meaningful effort to find human rights in these 17 Goals plan of United Nations so that we can protect human value and keep alive the hope of a better world.

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I invite first up

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decision.

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our analyst and our representative of the World Engine

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University of Texas, at Austin, United State and

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Veronica Mounts.

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Ron: Hey?

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Ron: Thank you very much. So we continue. It's quite a privilege to be presenting to the World Congress on Sociology. I'm a professor as as as you you. You heard the University of Texas at Austin, Veronica Montes Theoka is a demographer sociologist researcher

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Ron: who, along with colleagues at Unam in Mexico, has conducted extensive research into the situation of older individuals in Mexico, Latin America, and the Caribbean I've had the privilege of joining her and her colleagues in the study of the changing role of civil society

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Ron: in furthering the expansion of human rights in Mexico

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Ron: and elsewhere to include basic social rights for older people.

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Ron: Now, as as we've heard, you know, human rights in, in, in compass, social rights as well, I mean, political rights are very important, but but the the right to education, to food, to housing, the basic necessities of a decent life

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Ron: from our perspective very much a part of of human, of of human rights in the larger sense.

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Ron: So, before proceeding, let us off for a brief introduction to the topic of our presentation now decades. Numerous nations, many nations all over the world

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Ron: those are you

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Ron: around the world have introduced non contributory pensions

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Ron: into to deal with serious problems and extreme poverty among marginalized older older people. that is an over population. Most Latin American Caribbean countries, which is what we're focusing on. That's our our area of expectation

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Ron: have adopted variations of such schemes that different differ individually, but

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Ron: that they all share the the basic objective of dealing with the providing a minimal subsistence income to older people.

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Ron: so that, you know they can live it a dignified life.

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Ron: Now, now, these pensions, by not contributory, I mean, there we don't pay into a scheme a social security scheme, or whatever. So retirement systems are very much

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Ron: part and parcel of the developed world. You know, they're they're less common in even middle income countries, and certainly in low income countries. Tensions

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Ron: are, are just not a real one, not one is born and become, and starts working as early as one can. and then continues to so into one connection, you know, not not do so, and then is

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Ron: it depends upon the the charity of others.

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Ron: So find out why now, are we seeing this this emergence all over in Asia and in in various countries of these non contributory pensions, we'll we'll explain what these are later.

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Ron: That's because, you know, as we as we'll show in a moment.

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Ron: The population of the world are living

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Ron: much longer than they. They have in the past, and older individuals who grew up in earlier times, with the far less education, with far fewer opportunities.

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Ron: many places that have you opportunities. And now, you know, are we have suffered extreme poverty.

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Ron: What we're going to talk about is one of the great problems in the world is is labor force in formality?

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Ron: when we talk about retirement, you retire from something into, I guess, inactivity.

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Ron: But in many cases parts of the world that simply makes no difference. So let's let's start with our slides. the problem.

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Ron: the here the problem is that back 10, no.

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Ron: Address.

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Ron: Okay. The the problem is that that most world

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Ron: has no pension or retirement income. Yet life expectancy at verse and 65 continues to increase. the Iowa. The International Life Labor Association estimates that 90% of workers in the world have no energy

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Ron: which is large, the case, and that's been the case through human history.

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Ron: And so, in combination with low fertility, rapidly increasing life expectancies.

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Ron: it's it's it's it's serious decreases in the ratio of young to older individuals.

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Ron: that and to. It's just in the tired workers. The situation for countries countries face is is is quite is becoming quite serious again.

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Ron: Okay.

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Ron:  here we have in

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Ron: several Latin American nation. We'll go through this one quickly. just, you know a graph that illustrates the extent to which people in 14 nations

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Ron: 65 and older, have

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Ron: do not have any pension, or whose pensions are insufficient, or,

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Ron: you know, to survive by sex. And in you would chose this. There's huge difference. Brazil, chile Uruguay, do fairly well. Dominican Republic, Mexico. Even Honduras, which are are these are for.

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Ron: and they'll tell the door, do less well and have high serious what? Let's go on. See you?

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Ron: Oh, okay.

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Ron: what to the we here? Here's a consequence in in Latin America.

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Ron: oh, my goodness, okay. So here I didn't transfer this. This is the Labor Force partition rates among people who are within sufficient pensions, and you can see that they continue to work.

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Ron: One of the ways of dealing with the absence of a pension, something that you received from the government or from an employer at the end of life means that you must continue. And so throughout the world, and certainly in your many countries, Latin America, people work into their seventies and beyond as long as they can, until they can no longer do so.

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Ron: See again.

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Ron: this is what what is the core. One of the core issues of the of the problem is that people are living a lot longer all over the world. Here we have a projections from the United Nations on the Increasing World population.

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Ron: for you know, to my Pfc. Underneath the thing here up to the end century, and you know you see a little blip here as a result of the Covid. But the and and beyond that these are projections with confidence intervals. But it's clear that to what they indicate is that whatever happens.

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Ron: the world population is going to increase a great deal. Let's look at some specific countries again.

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Ron: Here is Afghanistan. Clearly, you know, if if we're talking about a increase in life expectancy

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Ron: the fact that that you know projections for Afghanistan go well into the seventies for men and women.

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Ron: it's telling us something about what is happening in this world, and and the challenges that these countries are going to face in dealing with with your

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Ron: here is Sudan, of course, a place in which one would

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Ron: it? It's sort of surprising to see the extent of which these projections again take individuals, men and women, into the seventies by the end of the century, and in the Sudan. Clearly they've had, you know, civil wars at various points here. And so there's a a

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Ron: it's a very choppy course again. Thing.

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Ron: Let's so so. But the fact that even in Sudan the life life expectance is increasing surprisingly

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Ron: tells us something about the challenge that the world is facing into these nature nations are in Mexico once again. Here I think we have a blip that probably reflects the covid epidemic, you know, around that 2020. But again, as we are saying, surprisingly

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Ron: old populations, we're getting here, and you know, on the the graph here life expectancies into the eighties and even nights, which is quite surprising. One more.

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Ron: There's France, of course, France. You can see that the life, expectancy, consequences of 2 world wars. But they are okay. See again

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Ron: the traditional pension plans for pension plans. It's the International in the twentieth century and later twentieth century, the international label organizations and others. I mean nations introduced pensions in order to you know, to deal with extreme.

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Ron: It seems extreme old age, poverty, everything, old age during the twentieth century Latin American nations introduced so security schemes as did so many other countries in the world.

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Ron: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Costa, Rica, Cuba, introduced me to twenties and 19 thirties. Others introduced them later in the 40 s. And 50 s.

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Ron: And just about all of the countries in Latin America, and the Caribbean introduced their systems in the 1960 s. And seventies. So

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Ron: Now, these plans were based on the traditional, but it's called pay as you go, system in which the contribution uses current employees.

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Ron: I go to pay attention of retired work.

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Ron: because one can see this, this sort of a scheme works well

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Ron: when you have a lot of workers for each retiree.

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Ron: when, as as populations get older and retirees relative to the number of working individuals, changes increases.

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Ron: then you've got real problems in the developed world. You know you, we started out these plans with 1012, 20, or workers for each retiree, and they've come down to 2 or 3, and that's sort of just a

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Ron: a of a burden that that is impossible.

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Ron: and, as we'll say, this is sort of this, the supply sort to developed world, not though not not really, the very low income countries in which this is. Even in Mexico. We'll see we've got huge problems with in formality, in the fact that the majority workers do not contribute at all to a pension plan or do so exotically.

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Ron: This is the term that is used in in.

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Ron: you know I can. Sure it's jargon to say that paying enough, if you must pay into a retirement system for 25 years in order to receive a pension, and you're unable to maintain employment. 25 years or no, put it where it put in that number of years, then you will not receive the pinch

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Ron: now for

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Ron: nations with

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Ron: retirement plans or social security systems.

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Ron: let me say, you know, these systems started in the twentieth century certain you know Europe. They even started back in the nineteenth century. They well, initially, as I said, as long as there's plenty of workers reach retiree

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Ron:  when that advantage that demographic advantage passes.

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Ron: then then then the system becomes unsustainable, and some nations are workforce, and are still forced to support the system out of general revenues. So if you have a fraction of your population that's receiving a pension.

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Ron: they are benefiting from

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Ron: the generalized tax system that that which means disadvantages people who are not receiving pensions, which is, you know.

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Ron: in the in the case of a many nations, majority of the population.

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Ron:  one common solution was to replace pay as you go, with defined contribution.

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Ron: in which

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Ron: workers, rather than paying into a system that supports current returns. saved one, or they they receive credit for contributions into a a savings account, basically that is invested in their name. And

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Ron: and you know, and from which they they with, they draw when they do retire. This

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Ron: arrangement severs the bond of solid. They are to the the old system

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Ron: what you know when you have this pay as you go, system or young people support whole people that introduces us a bond of 6 solidarity between generations.

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Ron: so that, you know, I. I support older people in the expectation that I will be supporting you by younger people. you know. And this these new systems sever that bond. They they basically can validate it. And

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Ron: you know, recent events in France illustrate political difficulties that you have in attempting to change any aspect of a of a retirement system. In this case we get raising the retirement age from 60 to 64

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Ron: oops. Give me quick. Okay. but it and the real problem in in Latin America. Most, many other places is that whether it's a defined contribution plan of the old

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Ron: it does the new sort, or the older one, or whatever

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Ron: that it only applies to people who are working. The these systems are what we term employment based. They only they only applied to a individuals who are working. So while you're working you

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Ron: and captured employer and tribute to the system.

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Ron: So I guess so if you are, if you are required to contribute for 35 years, or 30 years, or 25 years. you know you have. You must remain employed and do that for for that long. Most workers in Mexico are in for.

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Ron: and obviously most of you realize most workers, him

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Ron: India, Pakistan. Everywhere. Many other places in the world are informal.

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Ron: They do not pay into the social security scheme. They do not work under contract. It's you know, it's catch you can on the day to day basis

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Ron: which means that very few

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Ron: qualified for pensions. This is a common problem in in Latin America and elsewhere.

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Ron: and many workers, even when they do

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Ron: a part of their spent part of their career in formal labor market, move back and forth between

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Ron: as a formal and informal employment, and do not approve the number of years of contributions that are required. So this is basically as a result, they don't qualify for paying attention. This is a way of explaining. You know why, the sort of a European based

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Ron: retirement systems there that are based on work. We say this that they are predicated on this employment. Retirement a pension nexus

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Ron: don't work in weapon or many other parts of the world.

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Ron: If you have high levels of informality engine systems of the old sort, regardless of what they are, whether they're you know what? However, they are dealt with actuarially. Just don't work.

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Ron: See? Yeah.

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Ron: So the response has been this, that's a long way of explaining why we have non contributory pensions. If, in fact, it is the case that people will not have the opportunity, will be unable to contribute

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Ron: to a retirement system.

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Ron: then, they have no hope of every qualified for one. So what The alternative for many nations has been

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Ron: totally in Australia. not contributory pensions. Most countries have some sort of plan for people who just are unable to

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Ron: to to contribute for the required

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Ron: lengthy number of years to qualify for attention.

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Ron: and then those not countries, people just don't quit working. As as we said before

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Ron: they These are paid to individuals who, for numerous reasons, and not a into social security system, or don't do so for enough enough time to qualify for a

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Ron:  They're designed for the sport of impoverished and vulnerable older individuals. These include indigenous people, women, individuals with disabilities, world residents, and others. So there's a, you know, a huge number of people who are just

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Ron: outside of the formal system that works well, for you know upper income countries, but

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Ron: doesn't work at all. They're they're large failures in much of Latin America and other parts of the world

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Ron: now.

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Ron: not tributary or social pension. Sometimes they're called. We're in provided by the govern by governments beginning with Mexico, like municipal and local governments in Mexico City in 2,000

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Ron: in 2,007 the Federal Government introduced a not to jury program named Sicente, Mass.

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Ron: 70 and older for adults 7 years, and over in rural areas with less than 2,500 didn't have it.

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Ron: Can you surprise your paper?

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Ron: Excuse me?

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Yes.

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Ron: oh, yes, yes, yes.

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Ron: that that's right. It's less than 2,500. In fact, these are very small, very poor villages all over Mexico.

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Ron: Program was expanded to all. it's slowly, the, you know. Larger and larger places were introduced, until finally, in 212 2,012 program and zoom. But I would be instead of the

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Ron: pension program for the well-being of the elderly was, you know, covered all people, 65 and older, who did not receive any other social benefits or State level non contributory engines.

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Ron:  that they the it. It's a you know. It's it's it's a subsistence with once again. But it makes a huge difference for people who are at the very margin

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Ron: existence, including the rural residents. So, to be sure, but it's very important even for urban residents as well.

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Okay.

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Ron: now I it. We have been working. I joined Veronica and her colleagues in the study of civil society organizations as what's happening in the world today is there? Since there's in in addition to a greater.

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Ron: I struggle for human rights, political rights as well. There is sort of a global.

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Ron: Oh.

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Ron: we can see

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Ron: effort to to include in human rights the social rights of various and sundry groups who will have been marginalized, excluded, and

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Ron: so, and the recognition of these things as it is given rise to huge number of civil society organizations. Whoa! Whoa! Whoa!

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Ron: Been very effective in getting, you know, recognition of social rights into international constitutions chile just had a big debate over its new constitution.

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Ron: It was voted down. but it includes a lot of

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Ron: human rights, of of social rights which social rights, meaning right to to what you need for a decent living. Not just simply what the what the Government can't do for you, but what you're entitled to in Mexico, the Constitution, most recent constitution with a huge number of social rights as well.

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Ron: Now, numerous organizations with you know, with that objective in mind that merged in America.

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Ron: in, in, in Latin, America, and and other organizations expanded their missions to include this.

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Ron: It's again.

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Ron: it's

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Ron: This is a very quick graph just to show how quick, since 1,945, the number of non-governmental civil society organizations registered with the U. N. Or with the virus advisory capacity to the end. That's just exploded again

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Ron: all over. And that's what we're interested

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Ron: now, Veronica has attended each of these, if he here is a, you know, chronology of all of the major international agreements and treaties on on the rights of older people that beginning with Madrid in 2,002, and moving on to you know, to to much more recently

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Ron: on the bottom of the top

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Ron: lists, the conventions, the accompanying conventions of civil society organizations that that were part that met separately. But

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Ron: simultaneously with these, with his governmental

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Ron: the initiative. And you know, this happened with women's rights. This has happened with environmental rights as well. Civil society, as you know, is it's very important. and so they've had been quite instrumental in

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Ron: influencing legislation. Whether you know the situation is changed dramatically or not, we we don't know, but that is what our Veronica has been studying, and I think that's what I joined her to. to do

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Ron: to understand the effectiveness of these organizations. If what Latin American and the Mexico needs are, you know, a clear strengthening of civil society in general.

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Ron: and these organizations are very much part part with that.

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Ron: and those that are focused on

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Ron: aging for sure to get there.

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Okay.

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Ron: all right. So let's let us end with this one.

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Ron: okay, this. This is just a we. We'll leave you this. This is a a local efforts, or, like the larger social movement, testimony of an activist, interviewed many activists, many people who are very much involved in

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Ron: people, the elderly people themselves, people who are advocates for elderly. This one says, my name is Rosara. I'm a Delina.

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Ron: That's your role. I'm 59 year old, like have secondary education. In 2,011 we started a movement

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Ron: in support of all the adults. We were a group of artisans.

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Ron: While investigating, we found out about the Df. Mexico City. that they provided an old age pension we mentioned earlier. We started to fight. We began to investigate how the participants this individual is from the this year, from

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Ron: she, it's from my, from the workshops. Okay, so we started in to see how

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Ron: the participants our members, could receive a small pension.

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Ron: We started to fight. There were 4 of us at first one unfortunately died, but we grew to more than 1,000 10,000 people fighting for that pension. We started with a flyer. I have a friend who is announcer, and I talked to her about it, she goes on to tell us

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Ron: finally, you know, we needed 4,000 signatures to push the initiative forward. I wondered how we would be able to get that many. But we already we ended up with 1,000. So it's a this example of you know the the.

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Ron: the the energy. and the effectiveness

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Ron: of many of these larger civil society moe movements through very often we hear about. You know

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Ron: Mexican be a rocks, you know. The nations is hopelessly corrupt, is hopelessly inefficient even in the government, though there are people who are quite committed. But all around them, so civil society is clearly a very important component in modern governments, in in many places that are

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Ron: lacking sufficient. You know civil society.

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Ron: Me, too.

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Ron: the ability of citizens to affect the

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Ron: the scheme of things. So

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Ron: from our study, what we say is that you know it's very clearly important that that by now social rights

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Ron: are very much in part and parcel of of human rights. One has to have it of

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Ron: education.

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Ron: a decent housing, and all that, in addition to basic political rights, free the right to free speech, the right to the habeas corpus, to, you know, to be left alone and not interfered with when one into the capacity to press one's political beliefs.

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Ron: So that is sort of the, you know, that's the essence of of our study, and that we have a a chapter that we have uploaded that you can. You're free to insult

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Ron: if you wish.

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Ron: and so I think we'll leave it that

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Ron: anything else you want to save everyone.

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Verónica Montes de Oca Z: No rural. It's very good, please conclude.

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Ron: Okay.

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Verónica Montes de Oca Z: yeah.

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Verónica Montes de Oca Z: thanks.

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Ron: But

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Ron: no.

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Okay.

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Ron: Good. Okay. Good.

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Thank you. Ronald Angeles.

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You are looking for various issues of non- contributory pensions as human right in Mexico. I would like to invite our second presenter.

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Ranjit Singh.

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Guru, Nanak Bill

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University join

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no

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vitu, Sharma.

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I would like to invite to Ritu Sharma University of Delhi, in India.

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Are you joined?

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: yes, I am here.

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Okay, thank you.

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: You nice start.

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Yeah, yeah.

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: I know.

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Please take a time. 10 to 15 min, not more than 15 min.

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: Is my screen visible? Yes, certainly. So I will try my level best I'll do a is the presentation visible, sir?

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: yes, yes.

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: oh, so very good morning to all of you. And indeed, it is a great pleasure to meet all of you. Thank you. Hope, sir, it's a great owner to be under your session. so my presentation is on this proportional drives and inequality of labor on the human rights and global justice. and my entitlement were in my

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: paper is a research paper. Ask me the question I would start with, do they matter? This is certainly about the labor force in India prevalent in India. And essentially, I'm talking of a post covid situation, which is the new normal in most of the in in the world.

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: but at the same time this is the labor statistics. And this is the condition of, I would just want to have a glimpse of the conditioning labor and labor when we talk in developing India, especially or essentially in South Asia, is the part of

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: working in, mostly unorganized it. And according to the latest statistics, that is, 90% of the labor, which is lucky. I would like to start a coat or a quotation from the Rodov 1,994, which is very apt So there is this, do you? Yeah. The smith, grown as you got their diligent labor, is no longer needed. How hard it is for them to on their bread

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: for the hard times of country account. So today the people of my country cannot eat or drink, or make a step, or their own free work.

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: So this is, you know, a a very very ancient writing, and it is very saddening and tragic to say that still holds through today in twenty-first century. So the paper is an attempt to project. This present situation, this adapt of into from the poetry into the reality through the marks and men's, and drawing profusely from these ideas.

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: the, the, the, the the working class back in India. And So yes, this is good to know now. I would start with something to do with. You know the how Article 23 of the Constitution of Human rights which prohibits bigger than other similar phone post labor into you know. Not.

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: yes. Traffic in human beings means buying and selling men and women like goods, including immoral traffic and women and children for moral or immoral purposes. And yet this is the modern form of Labor is very much you know, prohibition of Article 23, where, in freedom of association and the effective recognition of the rights to collective bargaining have since been advocated

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: post independence. And yet this effective abolition of labour, child labor, discrimination, and employment occupation has not been implemented yet.

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: So the Ilo, since it was created in 1,990 and to date. Values and rights are essentially expressed. and from then on it is quite legal to advocate so. But the real way to growth in India, which is one of the lowest in Asia, which is very much

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: the reality. India's real wages only group by apology, 2.8% in 2,015, and only by one more point one more percent and 16 and another dip in 17. So this was lowest among the 30 countries of the Asia Pacific region, but the overhive. And after the 4 labor codes in India, I'm not delving deep into it. I'm only covering the modern ones.

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: and they are coded on our codes and wages. Equality, 2,019 industry, relation code code of social security, occupational safety, health have been passed over a year and get the ministries have not done much to

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: you know.

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: to do much about it.

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: and then therefore we are witnessing overall a loss of you know, collective labor that is triggered condition of models, maybe especially for those who work in casual and contractual labor. And this reminds me of a very unique side. I'm I'm sure friends across the world will not know that we also have labor Mondays. So in the morning, whenever you go out for a walk, or you know, in urban areas, you would see labor

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: sitting around and waiting to be hired, as you know, everyday wage workers across intersections. And there there is the place where the contractor or architects and all these people who build buildings go on and hire them on daily wages and daily, which is the right full wages, 176. So 600%, which are. And that is also. this, you know, that is.

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: is also very different for men and women, so they are extremely vulnerable. And it is shocking the way you buy and sell things. you know they they still, you know, kind of higher labor in India.

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: and no meeting for social security has been taking place. So millions are put out to work post covid, and they couldn't restart everything. So the draft lay labor laws which you were talking is still a exemplification of modern forms of slavery. And very recently, in 2,000 19 and 20, there is a a deep in unemployment rate, you know. Dip to 4.1

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: one in 2,122 as against 52.9% reflecting high. And the workers, you know, unorganized labor as increased working population in India has increased in terms of flavor. And yet the unemployment has tipped. So it is kind of, you know, indirect proportionate rate.

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: So I would start with this background my introduction, which reflects on 3 things that is, firstly, tracking the historicity which I have dealt in a little, you know. Gp, secondly, socioeconomic impact on the migrant labor as compared to the affluent

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: post covid locating in India within the global crisis, and, thirdly, the saving in differences to our position. The saving in defence is not to really, you know. Talk of this binary opposition of haves and have nots, and to, you know, showcase the culture of collective, because that can counter exigency of another form. Now, intriguing questions out of all of this that raises here is that you know. Are they maltreated? Yes, of course they are mal treated by the state and its agencies.

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: and then post covid situation. I would highlight that they were desperate to go home. This is an excerpt from my paper which I already presented in India, and so they, conscious of the actions pertaining to travel to unsafe means the intersectionality of ethnicity. of course, gender plays harsh on them, so they are doubly burdened. They are vulnerable they are, might know, marginalized to multiple sites of

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: socioeconomic and psychological pain. So the migrant labor visa, the social security is disproportionately calculated, and according to the economist, John Reese, being a cast in class region, society, number of landless labors in India. The fallout is going to be huge for scope.

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: So how do you think? Or how do we think this entire? you know, behavioral setup or can change cultural lifestyle? Because poppers doesn't register ethical loss. They also record their records or their losses cannot be really mapped out. So both my internal and external purposes is, how do these effective edges as relate to broader economic histories

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: is, and engaging them with inclusion and exclusion, is the is a broader point. So primarily such positions of responses and practices among a wide range of concerned actors within and beyond socioeconomic spaces. So the friction in conflicts are elicited in my paper

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: dealing with these crisis. And I have, you know, huge big pictures, because in Covid, during Covid lockdown I was logged out back in my state, Rajasthan. I have a huge pictures of them traveling. I interviewed lots of them, which I certainly cannot represent here. But these mediations of these processes, these works related to controversies

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: and raised questions on our integrity of nationalism, globalization. And and that is perhaps, though quite a lot has also been communicated by E. Content of social media.

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: So

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: such as you know, a lot of movies or content in these spaces.

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: Now, the historical development is such that globally 2 billion people, more than 61% of all employed people work in informal economy and present strategy which I've already shared is more than 93% of informal economy that works in India. So in 3 colonial India a reverse illness, order in illness was observed. and earlier and post, you know, British as you still treat

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this in the most mysterious ways that colonizes to combat the ignorance by religious chance remedies. And, in fact.

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: in fact, epidemics in South Asian countries are seen to to do wipe the excess population in its own divine intervention ways. So a nineties border change, we're in the liberalization paid way for globalization of profit. But the unnatural disasters cannot be regulated as rudimentary exercise. Because there is this another.

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: you know, feminist economics which works out here. So I already shared the the statistics here and in they have around 47, 4, 7 6.6 7 million workers in India, the second just after China, out of which agriculture comprises of very few almost more majorly. But as for the World Economic Forum, Global Gender Gap.

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: how also would take another 200 years to close their their gaps. And so this you know, this particular study is already deeply entrenched in the economic needs.

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: we, the social survival scale of the people belonging to a certain section. So the methodology. As I already said, I have lots of picture I could have presented post to it because I was quite nervous how it will be connected in the morning I was not very comfortable, maybe later. so this migrants are, you know, of the Indian labor force is 10% of the Indian Gdp, which is very essential out here. So, according to Mackenzie report.

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: and also migrants are usually from remote areas to highlight on them.

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: they spend in rural sectors, of dropping, farming, yielding irrigation, but very few, because a very small you know, area of land which they own the cultivation is not very high. Secondly, to generate employment based upon skilled versus non-skilled jobs. So the any P which is actually promoting latest education policy, more skill workforce. And as for this skilled statistics, we do.

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: India does not really produce lot of skilled workforce the focus and therefore the focus is on vocational training, and there is also a distinction between non-farm sectors and female unskilled workers. So, according to Mackenzie, 2,015 the rate by would increase by 2,025, if the Gdp would only rise by as much as 16%, which is very high and almost impossible to pick up.

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: So

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: The theoretical framework which I have used is obviously annually of the kind from the sociology, consent of standpoint, estrangement of great well, which is theoretical premise of new, normal, obviously old rig back with society, and the so called new normal post. Coronavirus will be contradictory treating the vulnerability of migrants, favors, and informal workers. so, as I said that it is. you know. the constitutional

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: kind of not following Article 223. Social inequality and class contradiction in India grew and deepened that this is by one of this study, that how formally free people with equal rights were divided into the varnas, some As for their occupation. They were further divided into cost and communities inflicting upon them lots of atrocities in Herad Key, and that is, the references can be found in

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: our and holy text. So the recording here it certainly states that this value, or any commodity is directly proportional to the quantity of labor required production.

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: So ever since 1817, this social labor was divided into 3 categories, laborers, capitalist, and workers. They merely express the surplus value and marks in philosophy, how this value of labor power was diminished over time by recalculating the production post and labor part to commodity to surplus earned only by the capitalist.

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: So this you know, what less surplus labor which was being produced by the labor merely expressed actual relations

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: actual relations, bringing from an existing class struggle from a historical movement. So my argument is that this new normal will be not only inflicting the upper strata of the society by not being readily available, but also would be diminishing the wages for a very long time.

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: So presently putting up with basic necessities of food, water, shelter below poverty line in relation to informal economy. India does belong to unorganized sector. Marx wrote at that time that England is broken down. The entire framework of Indian society without any symptoms of reconstitutions. And yet it is appearing

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: so. I would also bring Lenin here with its doctrine, philosophical works that labor has a history of descriptive analysis, and the vale value of labor power is, does a historical norm, and it this balances the relations between social parts themselves.

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: so the maintenance and reproduction of the working class must every be a necessary condition to the reproduction of capital. So it is not so that even if we pick up marks in the analysis, and we leave the labor where it is, it is going to get reformed on its own and mark system feminism. I'm not going to get into it, because that's too much. Lenin also elaborated on the working class

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: on on these curves where it is talking up and labor is independent, fully straight line leading to Maya and religious obscure. It is in South Asian countries, so certainly the points of discussion started from the statistics and are in Delhi, Mumbai are the major hubs to cater. These are the cosmopolitan cities of India, which is catering labor from up a couple days and Bihar. And according to these statistics, that that's the we are at the

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: and and monthly, for these are the major suppliers of labor. certainly. Post COVID-19 pandemic situation has dampened up it. But the labor force as I said, is showing in direct proportion. It's a working population has increased.

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: but at the same time unemployment is decreased. Unemployment has increase in the working population has increase. So there is also a usage between women and children among these labor, which are very lowly paid, and children would be found on their sites with no primary care given to them. The social cultural engagement of intersectionality, of patriarchy and subordination also works back in India, and they don't matter within the most of the invisible margin migrants. The way

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: it should be dogged of global refugees and labor is very much similar on those lines to their lives are dependent on on men who are free to take up the decisions. So there is, as I said, measures which is usually mis measure post covid. According to you know, the economy contracted 6.6% in in the up to 2021, and on this account, or the end to make

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: State a milder recovery in physical 20 fiscal 22, when it will only to 8.7%, according to Cm. Ie. Which is one of the National Agency.

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: 2,021, the male Lf. Our labor force. I was 67.4. That's visa v female that is only as low as 9.4 and less than one in 10 working age. Women in India are demanding work. So they are. despite wanting to have work in laboratories. They cannot even demand what they are not required on labor sites, considering their biological build up.

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: So this give us migration which has worked very terribly on may, like, you know, on, on, on the economic impact of COVID-19. And India is disruptive

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: to the fact that it has been, totally miscalculated. And so there are a lot of socio-economic challenges that lies ahead as a country and for the government to handle. But I've only deal with socioeconomic economics with a sociological standpoint which is a pathology, a day in behavior. And you know, considering this, that it has hits you of the States. showing a very weak social economic indicator. So the hypothetical reasoning is that

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: that he was migration. Migrants would not want to return. But presently, now that in 2,023, as we said, that my migrants have returned and the workers have increased. Labors have always been a boon for the working economy. Worldwide in the labor is a maximum, and there would be a change in this socioeconomic identity. at the same time. I've covered 3 debates which I would not delve into it.

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: First is migrant versus state, wherein how they are travelling back through. They do not have hops to choice because of the village sickness. And you know, they are move over dwellers, and they do not want to change this fact. Second is rhetoric versus reality discourse, which is a lot of, and contradictions.

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: Thank you. Yes, I will. And the third one is gender intersectionality versus migrants. So these are the 3 debates My conclusion is as I would start with jaundry, that how central government should chip in and they have. It's lots of if a efforts and policies made most of the announcement and the relief packages in my code, also in 2,020, when the Alabama High Court

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: stated that they should not work, and they rolled out to a large working post for it. But the migrants, if they want to go back home, they they don't feel secure. They know that they will end up in jail, or they will go hungry. So I would simply leave the panel to think that what is the condition and of the labor back in India or in South Asian countries? and correlating their situation with the global in Texas?

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: in these challenging times. So thank you so much. Thank you so much. Everybody.

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Thank you. Ritu. Huh!

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The P. And

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when you sing you join

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I would like to invite Ranji Singh Bernanak, grave University, India. Are you joined?

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Like to ask you

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after after the

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on the

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yeah, you

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okay.

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Hello! What can you hear me

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so we do. Are you there?

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I think she left

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her name, is there? I don't know whether she is able to use it or not.

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Yes, yes, yes, I would like to ask a question. You have explained the condition of these laborers in our country in India, very well explained by you.

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but as a researcher you have done the content analysis of various papers, and all that. That is all fine. But I would like to know whether are you showing some light on the solutions for these problems which are, you know, happening in our country. What do you suggest? And what are your understandings about how to, you know. Remove this or how to you at least make a lesser

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problematic for these people. What do you suggest? What is your understanding about this. I'm asking all the solutions for these laborers, their condition positions they are living in. What do you think of this?

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: yes, that's a very intriguing and through working question much needed. So I believe that. yes, of course. firstly, as a sociologist and come economist, I would like to suggest and recommend that we should not have

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: talk to bottom approach in you know. handling these situations like these of human rights and global justice. But we should have what comes up approach we're in. We can hire, and we can constitute a committee to be represented by not only from the political parties and bureaucrats, but also representative from from, you know, the labor unions. And you know, the workers, the social workers

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: and women organizations, and to increase not only their efficiency, but also to bring a high rise in their wages, and also to ensure that the wages are adequately been, you know, given to them, and they are treated nicely because more recruitment is not self solving problem here or optimizing their onboard experiences, because that has already been done by various laws and acts that has been taken care of.

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: But the way the court intervenes in critical situations like Postco will get in a lab at the High Court intervene. Then we drawing 12. Our work of the industries. I think this is how we can recognize and build better through better communication, because the main problem of labor is not only their social or socioeconomic conditions, but also the implementation of the wages.

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: So article 24, which prohibits child labor or women labor as he needs to also be looked into it. And the 3 methods how they can we solve this collective bargaining, mediation and counseling which is done through the social work department. I think we should move beyond that, and there should be more of a interaction and mediation between the 3 wings of executive bureaucracy and the workers working on site.

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I have a question for both Professor Ronal Angel and all that worry, too. I need a clarification from Ronald like

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I came in a pretty pretty late, you know, so I didn't hear much of your lecture. I would like to know what is the age of pension in Mexico, and also what is the amount of pension that are given, and lastly, how

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how easy it is for elderly people to get their pension, because in India it is really difficult, you know, to get pension. To give an example, my father-in-law's Air Force Group Captain is He hold a very high position, and my mother-in-law is the principal of one of the Kendra Vidilla school till today we are not getting pension.

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in spite of the fact that I'm a professor. My husband is a missile scientist. We've been trying for 4 or 5 years, but yet we're not getting pension. There's so many layers and layers and layers in India. So I would like to know the situation in Mexico.

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Ron: All right. Well, we we it's 65 is where you qualify for the non contributory pension.

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Ron: There are, you know, people who have worked less than half of the the of the workforce as a

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Ron: but social security pension through the to the government or through their employer.

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Ron: it's it's it's it's fairly new. But it's it's expanded. It's not as difficult to get as as as you mentioned. The trick here is to be sure that our civil society is so

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Ron: important is in making sure that people are aware that they're

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Ron: entitled to this, and then they need help in exactly as you're saying, negotiating. Which is it? The the. The procedure does not seem to be that difficult.

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Ron: and the President, you know the the President of Mexico is promised to double this non- contributory pension by 2,024, if if that is realistic or or possible. But this is made of, you know it's a very large. It makes a huge difference in the lives, especially rural populations, indigenous populations of women.

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Ron: But it, you know, it's clearly a very. It's a it's a subsistence living it. It's it's not a not a lot. It's not anywhere near what a normal Social Security

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Ron: work-related pension would be.

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: Thank you for clarifying. yes, From the Indian standpoint, I think. things were very different earlier. if I'm sorry I I will not have.

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: But retired Government employees used to get a lifelong pension from the government, and that would also rise. As for the inflation rate and it was, you know it. It was kind of a

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: benefit pension back then. But things change post liberalization, I believe, and nearly Now, that major major majority of the people are in the UN unorganized sector. That was also another problem. But at the same time, there, there is national pension system, or the Epf, so myself, who's your Central Government employee on the central government.

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: I come, and we have seen and protested, and we are still protesting from the University that how our old pensions ski has been converted into Nps. And now

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: the the share of the Government has reduced drastically, you know. on on the the responsibilities. More of a more of the employee than the employer. So it is, we, as Union call it, as an atrocity.

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: and we want to revert it to the whole pension system. And there is a lot of cases of, I believe, Karnataka Delhi and economic times is also talking. And the pension has already taken up 25% of the tax revenues. And yes, I will still know about the defense employees to retire and get the basic pay of Redo Kenya. What? Not?

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: yes, yes. Ken. What is it I

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Dr.Ritu Sharma: to start the next session? Right? Oh, sure. So please go ahead. Thank you. If I've answered it.

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Professor Ronald. just I want to know the this contributory pension moment is going on in Mexico. So have you any impact of a moment on politics.

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just like in India. various State governments to has been changed with marginal advantage of votes just like in Himachal in Karnataka, because this this become the core issue these days in politics.

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pension scheme is for old pension scheme versus new pension scheme. So people are demanding the old pension scheme and the State which is giving. They are having more political advantages, and those who are not giving. They are getting lesser bought, or even they are

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so, what kind of situation in your area is? Thank you. Argentina abandoned the defined contribution

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Ron: plans. What but most of the Latin American countries are using, you know, for those people who are employed. They they contribute to a def what's called the defined contribution plan. That means they're not entitled to a pension. They are titled to the proceeds of what they've contributed

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Ron: in in, you know, and the the return to that in the market. So

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Ron: there's less less there. There's less political strife in Mexico than you get the place like France or anywhere else. It's because I think so many people in the informal labor market, and it really makes no difference. Government employees, the the Petroleum Company, the military, all have fairly well, you know. Pretty

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Ron: it very fragmented system. So they're they're they're fairly content. So it has not given rise to to huge, huge huge political objections that it's it's gone fairly smoothly. And you know.

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Ron: if individuals have what is called, you know, it's it's it's a retirement account.

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Ron: There's very little money that there, there's just individuals have nowhere near enough in those accounts. I mean that that happens. That seems to be a case in most places where you have these contributory systems where you're saving for your own.

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Ron: of retirement rather than relying on the Government to pay you a pension or an employer. Pay attention.

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Ron: But anyway, it's not had anywhere near the kind of political impact that one might have expected. Simply because I think you know, people who are

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Ron: who who have the best plans are not being harmed as as well. We'll see what happens in the future with the cost of the non contributory pensions.

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Ron: because, as I said, you have prisoners as promised to increase the total amount.

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Ron: double it by 2,024, and I I I can't see how that is. you know, fiscally possible. But we'll see.

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Thank you. Thank you.

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Thank you. So

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I would like to invite our panelists.

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We is sitting here on rebel Guru. I've been seeing in the Press University in Italy.

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thank you, thank you so much. First of all, I would like to thank Professor

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Bob Singh, who is the session organizer.

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and Also, I would like to congratulate

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for next to Tg. 0 3, as elected President for 2,023 to 2,027

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again. I would like to to give my

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a humble respect and appreciation with my chair.

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Professor Mahazoklage. who is the president of Yumpy Sociological Association.

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as well as one of the co-chair as a Professor Angelou.

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and he is the professor of Sociology in inner city of Hadrabad, and one of my patron, Professor Kenchen Malik.

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is the good friend of Professor New me, as she suggests, guided me and suggested me many time to do something, for you know, city of school of mass communication at Ggs. IP. In the city, as well as I would like to congratulate to all the a people presenter, especially Ronald J. Angel and Veronica and Dr. Ritu, Sharma Diphi, Kosik

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and Ranjit Singhi, 1 one and one important point to understand about my perspective, that locating human rights in globalized world, to understand with the globalization, the globalization across the world, apart from providing choices.

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enhancing economies, etc.

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It has also created

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inequalities

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and a rise in poverty, especially in developing countries. Or we may understand as the global South.

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And if we try to understand about the locating human rights

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in globalized world. We have to understand about each and everything before we are discussing about the human rights in global south or any of the country of the global world. Before of that, we have to understand about the globalization past

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and the very notion, the very notion of development gets entangled with the forces of globalization

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which are diverse and in certain situations volatile. For instance, the modern versus cottage industry.

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And I am representing the my country. India, where we have a cottage industry and the cottage industry contribution can be understand. With the Gdp. Is approximately 1% of our Gdp

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in A, in A, in a larger understanding of economics.

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And if you look upon the socialization or society, engagement with the with the cottage cottage industry, we can be able to understand every home, every household, every person, has already been engaged with the cottage industry in a diverse manner, in a various manners.

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Again. globalization in regard to human rights

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has saved both positive and negative impacts. If we look upon the positive in the sense of providing a global perspective.

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sensitization, etc., the negative in the sense of greater exploitation.

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greatest proliferation and discrimination by the capitalist forces. As we know that globalization

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mit Ctl and is the part is the process? Is the policy driven by the multi-national companies or industries, so that we can be able to understand as a scholar, as a as a scholar of the communication studies or a scholar of the sociology. We have to understand about the basic idea of the globalization. And where can we lead from 100

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so that we can be able to understand the locating human rights in a globalized world

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and due to the greater reliance on capitalist system. Human value is largely getting translated into an exchange value for a greater capital accumulation where there is a loss of human dignity because we are talking about the artificial intelligence, the Chat Gpt, where we have to understand about the human capitals.

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the human development index, so that we can be able to understand the point related with the locating human rights in globalized world.

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similar to how globalization's negative effects, particularly on one label, groups of the community lead to violations of a number of rights guaranteed by various

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covenants, including, first, the environment environment of fundamental aspects of the right to life.

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whereas the second point included with the freedom from quell, cruel, inhuman, or regarding treatment, degrading treatment. And third, one can be understand, with the freedom from servitude and the right to equality and non-discrimination.

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And the next point can be understand, with the right to an adequate standard of living in, obviously including the right to educate food, clothing and housing

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we can be able to understand about the locating human rights in a globalized world. And next point can be, can we can we easily understand, with the right to maintain a high string of physical and mental health, whereas we talk about the right to work, encompassed by the right to just and fair conditions of labor, where

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the freedom of association and assembly and the right to collective bargaining have been severely impaired, so that we can be able to understand about the very important point, very pertinent point of the globalized world or a global world, so that we can be able to understand about locating human rights in a globalized world. 150,

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and I would like to complete and to to to to to conclude my panel. My panel observation of this

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a point and distribution about the main concern that emisses due to growing reliance on globalization. If we over dependent on the globalization. We have to. We have to are ready to to, to face the challenges like human rights in a globalized world

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and and and development take precedence over development of human capital and well being, especially in the case of developing countries or global South, as we are representing our country, which can be understand with the developing country. Countries of the world India, we have to understand that if we look upon, if we

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have to discuss, we have to observe about the locating human rights in globalised world. We have to understand the impact and effect of globalization so that we can be able to understand about the locating human rights in a globalized world. Thank you. Again, Professor Boobsingji, who has given me a chance to to to. So case

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my, you know, my my observation, my, my linear understanding. related with the locating human rights in globalized world. In the front of this tal, what of the sociology of our country we cannot say I saw. From India we can be seen the the the footprint, and the presence of our professors, like a Professor

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Angelou and Nyumi, Professor Mahash Tuklaji, Professor Group, saying, G so that we can be able to understand their contribution in the, in the, in the academic system or in the sociology stream, whereas I would like to. I would like to suggest one or 2 observation with my esteemed paper presenter, Professor Ronald J. Angel and Veronica

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and Dr. Rito Sharma. We we we If we look forward to discuss about any of the important point, any of the content. Contemporary, important, important point rated with the topic we have to go to, we have to go to to collect the empirical data so that we can be able to understand about the various aspects of the inequalities.

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Deep marginalized, or a are under privileged society, and after that we can be able to understand and to showcase our understanding in front of the academic world. It's very simple to understand, because we have already gone through the paper presenter, and I have found that the both the presenter have gone through their understanding on the, on, the, on, the various research papers

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and the data up label from the, from the, from the capitalist world I can save. And I can say that it's a data available by the government available by the by the past. scholars, it may be it may be driven, it may be it may be focused, it may be. it may be. manipulated by the by, the industries or a capitalist world. So that if, as a researcher, I I believe that I

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and I I I believe that. And I would like to argue that if we, as a scholar, if we look forward to discuss about the nuances of any kind of a primarily objective, or or a or important point, let it be any title or a topic of the same. We must go through the the the survey, or any kind of empirical data, so that we can be able to showcase

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your understanding in the right time or and and and right direction for the same. It's my personal suggestion, and if you will include it, may be better as per my observation. It's my humble request you can be. You can be able to accept, or you you are having the the respect to deny. Thank you. Thank you again.

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No.

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And

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one meat core are you joined?

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But me unmute yourself

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the the

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one meat?

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Manmeet Kaur: Yes, yes, sir.

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Manmeet Kaur: good morning, everyone. it's morning here. So

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Manmeet Kaur: am I audible there?

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4 min only.

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Manmeet Kaur: Yeah.

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Manmeet Kaur: Am I audible.

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Please conclude 4 and 5 min.

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Manmeet Kaur: Okay, First of all, I would like to thank all the organizers who are present in the panel, and the organizer of the Conference, as well as the from Indian as well as the Australian. All the other countries participants, and the fellows with who are organizing this station see what I can say, because I was quite late, little bit late, and when the

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Manmeet Kaur: Dr. Rito's paper was going on, so I just listed those.

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Manmeet Kaur: Oh.

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Manmeet Kaur: see what I can say from this concluding things that it's all about marginalized people and the economic justice

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Manmeet Kaur: and overall justice, we can see the last people was quite too good, which was regarding the you know, that was for the economy of right.

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Manmeet Kaur: This questionable, very, very you know, it's a it is. It has shown us a different perspective, or the we cannot say the difference, the holistic perspective. We should the conclude which we should include in our research. that it's not only the economic justice.

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Manmeet Kaur: the social, emotional, and human. And the marginalized sections like labor's immigrant labor. whatever kind of labor it is, the gender based

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Manmeet Kaur: sector, base or region based

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Manmeet Kaur: international national. What kind of labor these are different types of labors are there, but we, we have classified them, but labor is labeled, and their wage rates their socioeconomic conditions.

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Manmeet Kaur: There are so many aspects which are need to be explained and analyzed at a deep

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Manmeet Kaur: at a very you know.

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Manmeet Kaur: quite in quite depth, so that we can we can have some scenario regarding the benefits they are getting or the impact

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Manmeet Kaur: they are getting. with these things. No doubt we are living in a very

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Manmeet Kaur: Heidi corporate and the profiteering type of market a special. The global South is which is the source of labor, capital, and human power to the many major countries.

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Manmeet Kaur: But still,

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Manmeet Kaur: you know, one of our participant, and the fellow has, told the importance of the surveys and the in critical research or the regional research, we can state.

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Manmeet Kaur: see, in a globalized world, we can say that all regions are doing quite differently, but the impact upon the different regions, like something happening in the Mexico, has a quite

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Manmeet Kaur: similar type of impact in India. It could be also it. It is generalized, it is analyzed, some at some point of time. So people imitate, or if people try to do the same things when they get to know about some moments like the palm moments in India or the labor moments in France, or this any other moments, many part of the world. So so we are living in a global world. It is the bone as well as main. But

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Manmeet Kaur: somehow the better communication or the information flow as a

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Manmeet Kaur: helped us to to you know.

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Manmeet Kaur: to analyze the things bitterly and from so many aspects, and

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Manmeet Kaur: to have some holistic

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Manmeet Kaur: things in our mind. So Dr. Rito's paper, which was about the label force participation from the different angles. It was quite important that a workforce participation level for participation. Sometimes it is very low and very high, but it is not that much directly related with the economic benefits and the and the, you know, a betterment of society. Sometimes it is really, we have seen, the with the more development.

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Manmeet Kaur: Their labor for participation is quite low, or is changing over the time. Right? So with the, with the many aspects, not not only economic and a social, emotional, regional, technical, historical, geographical, we can say.

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Manmeet Kaur: and the

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Manmeet Kaur: the wages or the rights given to them it should be. It should be analyzed with the more new parameters. New you know.

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Manmeet Kaur: point of issues, debates it could be it could be done. Very good. So it was very well worse by the participants. I thank you so much. Dr. Bo thing and the other penalties, or the fellows present there. I would not. I will not able to talk to. I mean, take the name of everyone but the I really really appreciate the efforts

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Manmeet Kaur: you all have made to make the things happen, and make me a valuable part in this session. So I thank you. Thank you very much.

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Manmeet Kaur: Thank you so much.

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My mid core, my 1 one mid core. Okay, let me quickly wind up by stating that Professor Ronald and Jul have.

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can you hear? Yes, okay. So Professor Ronald Angel from University in the Us. I think, highlighted a critical point about non contribute repension as human rights in Mexico, and if clarified, the, you know nitty-gritty things that are involved, and also the overall issues that the elderly agent community faces in Mexico. So thank you very much.

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And Rita Sharma definitely have pointed out that this disproportionate rights, and also the inequalities of the marginalized and excluded labor community in India, and I feel that she also pointed out another very critical sociological concern, which is also an area of my research for 15 years on trafficking for labor, and highlighted certain laws.

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particularly Article 23 of the Indian Constitution that deals with anti-human trafficking. That is an extremely important law. Although the conviction rate of the traffickers are exorbitantly law in India as compared to many other Western countries, in 2,021 2021. The conviction

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mit Ctl. And raid in India for the traffickers is only 16 one-six percent prior to that. During Covid pick Covid time. It is only 10.6%. So India's conviction rate for the traffickers are mind blowingly low, and the law has to be implemented as lacuna of, you know, implying an implementing law at the grassroots level 2.

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So that is something that we all have to think about as to why the conviction rate is low. And she also mentioned about

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how it's going to be a kind of long journey to close the gender gap, because it's usually the women and children who are in the labor who are not paid properly in the labor industry. If you look at Kerala in India, Kerala is the only state in India that gives the highest wages to the laborers, but the rest of the kind of the States in India the wages are extremely low.

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and if you look at men and women

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Men are paid more, and women are paid less, and children are paid much lesser than the women, so I think what ritual pointed out is extremely important to debate about, think about and write about. And very interestingly, she pointed out as to how the migrant workers. The labor marginalized workers contribute only 10% of Gdp in India.

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And another thing that I want to talk about is.

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you know. Dr. Dukesh tripati's Panel Speech lecture. On locating human rights in the globalized world again. Very, very important topic. He mentioned about the matrix of relationship between the modern and the cottage industry. And and and he also highlighted about

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how globalization has both the positive impact and the negative impact. And I really like the way he talked about Chat Gpt, because the whole global academy community is worried as to how this Chat Gpt is going to affect, especially the Phd students, American universities and also other European universities.

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Our professors are already in high stress, you know, high level of stress. Because, you know, a plagiarism is not showing anything when the students take anything from Jack. Gpd, yeah, so these are negative impact of globalization. And very important to discuss which Professor Dur Gish has pointed out.

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And then, lastly, he highlighted the need, the right to maintain a physical and mental health in today's world. Everyone, even small children who are 3 years old, 4 years old are saying, I'm depressed.

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you know. they're a child psychologist today, you know, and in many societies are having nuclear families and also single parents.

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And now we have transgenders as parents. Right? So Single unweight mothers as parents, unwait, fathers as parents, and India is known for that with Karanjo, her and Gitendra's sons these are icons and celebrities. That really is a role model for billions of Indian youth, you know, below 40 years of age, saying, it's T-, we can have children.

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Okay, so so these are issues. You know, where, Dr. Duggee has pointed out about how important it is to maintain both physical and mental health. And another thing I want to mention is how Indian university professors and also professors around the country are highly stressed out because of our performances and the need to perform publication teaching.

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And I tell you that probably 70 to 80% of faculty in Indian Central Universities and State University suffers from high blood pressure and diabetes. Yeah, so there is so much of dependence on globalization. But it has negative impact. And that's a very important

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Mit Ctl, and the point that you have mentioned. So I think the paper presenters and the families have done a wonderful job of highlighting very important critical issues for our contemporary society to be debating and to continue doing research. Okay? So we have the last speaker 150.

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 yeah.

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Reka-suman will speak on human rights, a need for social justice. You may take around 5 to 6 min because we need to wind up.

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Are you there?

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dr.Rekha Suman: Yes, ma'am, thank you. Good morning, everyone. I'm from India. Let me share my screen.

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The

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dr.Rekha Suman: am I audible?

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dr.Rekha Suman: Okay.

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dr.Rekha Suman: my screen is visible.

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Yes, amazing. But

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dr.Rekha Suman: okay.

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dr.Rekha Suman: okay.

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dr.Rekha Suman: here in India. It's morning. So good morning. Everyone.

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dr.Rekha Suman: I'm Rica, Dr. R. Kassumen, Working as an assistant professor and Sociology and Hemachel Paddish University Institute of Legal Studies, Avalod Shimla.

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dr.Rekha Suman: and my right topic for this presentation is human right and social justice

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dr.Rekha Suman: a a comparison between human right and social justice. It seems that both her similar scene, but the they are little to same, but are totally different from each other. But without human rights, so should just as us nothing. And he, without social justice, human right is nothing. So both heart the same part of 2 coins.

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dr.Rekha Suman: So for the list of content for this pro topic, as our introduction.

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dr.Rekha Suman: meaning, definition, break, and brief history about the region of human rights, objectives to whom human right belongs, what the social justice, examples of social justice, etc. There was a few words written by in Milda Marcos. Life is not a matter of place, thing, or comfort. Rather it concerned the basic human rights of the family country, justice and human dignity.

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dr.Rekha Suman: Yeah. yes.

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dr.Rekha Suman: Okay. Let me define what as human right human are right means right. So if everyone, because when the human thing birth in this earth, at the same time he or

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dr.Rekha Suman: human rights, belongs to the person at from the back bus. Stop that person also known as the basic right inherent rights, both right natural rights. We we can say anything because when we take but the human automatically get their rights

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dr.Rekha Suman:  the Universal Declaration. Sorry I'm not able to open my.

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dr.Rekha Suman: I'm not able to put it on a slide mode.

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dr.Rekha Suman: Okay.

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dr.Rekha Suman: human rights are rights in and by all individuals that can be all of any kind of sex, any language, color, nation, costs, race, ethnic, or regions, religion please, or residents, and in where the person can be any, any cast, read or language, sex, etc. All are having their rights.

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dr.Rekha Suman: and we are

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dr.Rekha Suman: They are these, these rides can never be taken away, but can restrict it in some circumstances, because rights are given to every individual, every living being, and that it can be restricted. If there is we, there will be any types of problem, but cannot be taken away.

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dr.Rekha Suman:  our Chief Justice in in of India, Gs. One. I rightly studied that human dignity is the container of the human right, and all rights which are essential for the

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dr.Rekha Suman: protection and dignity of an individual and help him to develop this personality are treated as a human right. Human rights are the basic rights and freedom of that belongs to everyone, and this word from, but unto death. These rights are inherent in all human as they become operating at the birds of person. These rights go, and the physical, moral, spiritual, social welfare of the person.

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dr.Rekha Suman: They are also known as the fundamental right. Basic rice in our end rights. Natural rights are bad birth, right. because fundamental right. So human rights are the same thing, and it which is given to the all

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dr.Rekha Suman: The objective of human rights are just to, because it is the. It belongs to the dignity and freedom all human had their Eig dignity, and they are free to do anything which is important for the livelihood all around. The development of the human human rights are given because these development are possible. If we are having the human rights and develop respect of all human.

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dr.Rekha Suman: and this also promote harmony, understanding, and appreciate of the diversity, and it also protects all human of different cast creates sex, religion, or nationality.

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dr.Rekha Suman: because without human rights it is not possible, that all people will survive or do anything without any obstacle. So human rights also protect the human for all around development.

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dr.Rekha Suman: what are the sources of human rights, though everybody know that they are different sources of human rights. But they are here. I briefly want to explain that universal declaration of human right in 1,948 health human to protect your life on the basis of this human rights and international treaty. So on convenience. like international treaties, like

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dr.Rekha Suman: on the basis of states, regional treaties also help and support the people to protect humans on the basis of their right. International customs, like genocide, slavery and sleep, trade and torture or inhuman torture. Just judicial. This season also supports human rights. Official documents, paperwork, document, journal, article.

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dr.Rekha Suman: etc., are also the important source for human rights. When people feel that it is not possible that always there must be a tension or any type of situation which is not So table for the development of human. Then this type of rights came into being and protect human so that they will survive peacefully, and they can do anything which is important for their survival.

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dr.Rekha Suman: After the declaration of the universal about the human rights. they. They can be 2 types of pride that we are on political rights, economic, social, and culture, right civil and political rights means that the people on the basis of their social, civil or political rights, also healthy human to protect them their political rights.

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dr.Rekha Suman: economic, social, cultural growth are also important for the survival of human, because without economic, without the support of society or without the cultural activity human cannot develop

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dr.Rekha Suman:  Their human rights can be based on the human dignity or just society, or they are both a human right and social justice are related with each other. So suggest is also related to equality and human dignity, so human rights, that belongs to an individual or group of the individual. Many philosophy believe that these are natural rights given by the God.

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dr.Rekha Suman: and cannot be taken our way, or change an even, because if we are talking about human rights, that at the same time social justice also came into being, because social justice and human rights also help or support each other.

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dr.Rekha Suman: Get the reason

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to kindly wind up in 2 min. Okay.

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dr.Rekha Suman: okay, okay.

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dr.Rekha Suman: Okay.

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dr.Rekha Suman: if you're talking about human rights and social justice. There are so many people who are discriminated on the basis of their races like black and white, and on the basis of gender inequality, because still here, if you are talking about the our word, and all over the what a female are still discriminated on the basis of their agenda, not only in India, but all over the world.

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dr.Rekha Suman: So this type of discrimination can be treated only through human right. And when people will be aware about their rights. Only then they can. they can. we can say that we are, really

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dr.Rekha Suman: and take the benefit of human rights.

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dr.Rekha Suman: last conclusion, sorry.

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dr.Rekha Suman: Okay, so that. And I want to conclude this, social justice means everyone's human rights and respected, protected and promoted everyone it has assist to equal opportunity and the resource necessary to try. So simply, I want to say that human rights and social justice are the very important tools or things for the dignity as a survival of human beings.

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dr.Rekha Suman: So without human right or social justice, human cannot even think about the survival. Thank you so much.

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Thank you so much. We have. Driftino

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otherwise will wind up. So let me

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say, Dr. Reka, that you have highlighted. A very important point of how you know human rights is indeed a need.

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Human rights is indeed a a need which has to be look at from a social justice perspective, and that everyone need to have an access to human rights. And 2 of the important things that I take away from your presentation is how gender discrimination is prevalent, not only in a particular country, but across the globe, and so is racial discrimination even within our own Indian society, and therefore thank you very much for pointing out this critical 2 issues.

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So I think we'll wind up here. Yeah, thank you.

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They move up in this book of this is my screen. Having done

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new line

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that

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alright.

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the Professor entered mylympic, or has communication

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was in.

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Thank you.

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Thank you so much.

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We're my thanks to the people of the please put on your camera. Whoever is online, please put on

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who?

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01:43:20.220 --> 01:43:22.170
Good morning.

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So on. B. for for?

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Tg, 3 I thanks.

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Session organizer me and Dr. Diphi as a Socialist organizer.

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Thanks. Professor Azaleu, for chairing this session.

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and professor my Suklaji

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for cheering this session, and panelists.

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Dr. Dorgas, their party, and Dr. Manmit Singh and I thanks Dr. Mahinda Celeri

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and Khashoggi for interacting with each other. And special thanks to paper presentators. And definitely, they have done well. And we are going to publish this paper in coming times, so keep ready for them. thank you, all of you.

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Just up to

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I