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Take a little assistance. Yeah

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Good afternoon. All of you. This is a TG. Of rising authoritarianism and challenges before marginalized communities in globalized soil.

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So we are going to start. This session and in this session, Professor Sva Persad.

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From BHU Department of Socialology also member of managing committee Indian physiological society and very well known sociologist.

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She will chair the session. And welcome him and there are 4 people presentator here including me. Myself I will present own marginalization of soldier of sanitation.

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And a human right concern. And another is Jexi, Professor Ziq Shing and Lava.

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Thing even present on educational right or person of disabilities. In Punjab prospects and challenges and to one more Monmouth core marginalized communities and economic justice.

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And Dr. Una from Indonesia. Which place? With place, place.

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Your country. From Thailand. A civil presence on fear and power. Oh good.

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A competitive study of Myanmar and Thailand in reaction to documentary as a social practice for advocating human rights.

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So these were 4 papers. And they all this paper will be discussed and question answer whosoever want to ask can ask.

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So before we begin this session as it is mandatory to read out the country's acknowledgement. So I am going to read that and this session is Organized by Dr.

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Bino Ejotidas. For my son and me jointly. I, you are, but know, you are you there?

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Dr.

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Okay. Yes. Unmute yourself. Okay, so I read out the country technology meant.

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The place, the place known in Australia comprises of

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Comprises comprises the traditional state of over 250 first nation language groups. For nearly 50 years now, Australians have increasingly formally recognized the importance of country and First Nation people.

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Relationship and protocol for conducting business in the country acknowledging the countries so respect for the country and the first nation continuing connection to the country.

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Dasa and ISA, 2,023 were Congress. 2 vis the cultural protocol to be known to all and observed.

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The country we meet on this own for the this World Congress is called Narum. It is the home of the cool in nation from glue way bring people we acknowledge their serenity and pay our respect.

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To their elder and ancestors.

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And And.

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This is country statement. Welcome Dr. Rasinibala. As a co-chair of this session.

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Thank you.

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She is also convener of this session. She is also convener of gender studies. Indian sociological society.

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And she says, and, in, Guru, Polish, Batala.

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So welcome. So we will start with the note from Professor Sethapersat and then paper projectation.

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Yeah. Thank you, Dr. And good morning. I think it's good afternoon.

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Good afternoon everyone and persons present online. Good afternoon everyone and persons present online and offline. And all others who are present here.

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And as we are discussing the heading of the session is authoritarianism and challenges before the marginalized community in the globalized era.

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We know that whenever there is a rise of authoritarianism be it in terms of leadership or within any space.

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Whenever there is rise in authoritarianism, what happens the people's opinion do not get voiced.

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They do not have voice in fact. They are not in a position to voice their opinion. They are not in a position to voice their opinion. They are not in a position to voice their opinion.

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They are not in a position to provide their input. What happens in this situation? We expect that people from the marginalized communities globally will not PIN up a position to speak up their needs.

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To come forward with strategies that might lead to their development and help them become part of the mainstream society.

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So there is a risk. That marginalised communities will further become marginalized or At least they'll remain marginalized if there is rise in authoritarianism.

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So keeping this in view we are having 4 presentations in this session. And it would be interesting to see how the presenters here are relating authoritarianism to marginalize authoritarianism to marginalized sections in marginalized sections in society and whether do we have any authoritarianism to marginalized sections in society and whether do we have any input

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that such phenomenon of authoritarianism would lead to the growth of marginalized sections of society. Can we see that in this these presentations?

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I would be looking for that. So thank you very much for being here with these words. I would like to and as I have been informed Dr.

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Rashidi Barla is my co-chair. So may I request you Dr. Raghini to take care of the online queries and the questions asked and let us know.

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Is that okay?

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Okay, okay, I'll take care of that. Thank you so much.

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Okay, thank you. So with desserts, maybe we have a first presenter.

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I need change.

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Marginalization of soldiers of Sanitation. A human right concern.

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Nothing. No, thank you. Is she only? Dr.

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Are you available?

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Yes, I think, Unmutes.

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Yes, yes.

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Can we have your presentation?

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Is I don't know, right? I'm audible or not man.

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Yeah, you are audible. You are audible.

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Okay.

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Have you?

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Okay. Yeah. Okay.

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Let me join Lear. What do you mean? This has to say, yeah. Okay, yeah.

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And then the instructions are here. Okay. Oh, you want to put that? Yeah.

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After that, after this presentation. No, we cannot. Do you, can you email that please to the technician in the zoom or go to the speaker room?

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To upload. Dr. Lefri, are you there?

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Yes, ma'am.

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Yeah, please. Go ahead and start your presentation.

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Okay, man. Thank you, ma'am. First of all, good afternoon everyone. I'd like to thank Dr.

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Boo. Sing. For providing me a chance to present my presentation in this international conference.

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So my topic of presentation was as education rights of persons with this international conference. So my topic of presentation was as education rights or persons with disability in Punjab prospects and challenges.

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As we all know, persons with disability are the integral part of society. But due to lack of opportunities and active attitude, they have suffered in all aspects of life.

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In recent times, government have taken many initiatives for the education employment and the rehabilitation of persons with the disability.

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Various patients for reasons have been made in BWD. Disability, 1,995 and RPWD at 2,016 for their fulfill for reason have been made in this apps but And as we know, they have faced many problems while attaining education because education is one of the most important factors in the

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successful inclusion of persons with disability. Many studies have proven that with education and appropriate learning of special skills people with disability can become self-reliant and can contribute meaningfully in the society.

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Despite various provision, legislations and technological development. Persons with disabilities are facing a number of difficulties in getting education.

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So this will this paper will aim to explore the educational challenges faced by students with disabilities. In this paper.

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And I'm attempt has been made to through light on the opportunities available in the rights of persons with disability and challenge faced by them while attending higher education or school education in Punjab.

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For this purpose sample of 1 50 disabled students who are saving education have been selected for this study. This, the number of these respondents selected from 5 different districts of Punjab.

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That is Payaalala, Diana, Amira Glender and Throbore.

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The present study was at the administrators on 150 respondents that were disabled students. So from each district 30 disabled students were selected as responded from each district.

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So for the data collection, attributes duel was used for that lecture of data. That interview should you included multiple choice question, open ended and closed and in question.

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The interview should you consisted of questions such as as 6 additional guy with the disability and problems faced by student.

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Apart from interview observation were held with the response and the school centers. So findings of this study mainly when the question asks about the attitude of the head of the school while their admission.

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Out of 1 50 63.3%. It's Fondent has expedient positive and motivating attitude of the principal at that time of animation.

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Where is 36.6 7% of the respondent faced in active stereotypical and discriminator and attitude of principle at that time of the mission.

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All the basis of infrastructure problem faced by student with disabilities, 70% out of 1 50 respondents indicated that they have faced infrastructure problem in the school because of unfriendly buildings, lack of ramps and accessible washroom, lack of necessary assistive technology.

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Lack of rooms, accessible washroom and lack of necessity assistive technology such as text to speech, software, Braille printers.

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Or adaptive devices in educated classroom space where is 30% despondent reported that they have not faced infrastructure problems.

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They have positive family support. Adicute devices for mobility and positive attitude of teachers and We are great.

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Well, question asked with regarding the interaction with teacher during classes. 58.6% of respondents reported that they have faced a problem during interaction with teachers because of the active behavior of teachers teachers feeling of indifference among them untrained and unskilled to teach them etc.

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Whereas, 41.3 4% indicated that they have never faced the problems during interaction with the teachers because teachers are familiar with their special needs trying to teach them providing special study material and helpful attitude towards them.

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I had this data of this study wheel that is 84% responded reported that they have faced a problem during exams.

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Of lack of an, updated study material of syllabus in RDO or brave form, scribe related problem and not giving extra time for due exams.

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Responded in indicated that they have faced less problem during exam because M of student blog to low vision category of disability so it is easy for them to conduct their exam without the help of other persons.

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Furthermore, the result of this study shows that most of the exponents that is 62% indicated that they have to face problems during interacting with the school peer group.

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They reported their peer group of eyes and interacting with them. Understand them in different and burden. They are peer group of I to communicate with them whereas 38% responded reported that they have never faced any type of problems during interacting with school peer group because they are very helpful.

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Their their group was helping them in making class notes, helping into make them from classrooms. Wash and continue and helping them to participate in extra critical activity activities.

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Furthermore, the data shows that a 74.6% respondents indicated that they have faced social problems.

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Problem is faced by society while attaining education because of the feeling of social isolation in classrooms, stereotype behavior of the society, non-cordial relation with peer and teachers.

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Non-cordial relation with peer and teachers. Non-cordial relation with peer and teachers, negative behavior of family and realities, lack of awareness in the people of society regarding their potential and realities lack of awareness in the people of society regarding their potential and needs whereas 25.4% realities lack of awareness in the people of society regarding their potential and needs whereas 25.4%

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correspondent, their potential and needs. Whereas, 25.4% correspondent reported that they have never faced a social and needs.

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Whereas, 25.4% correspondent reported that they have never faced a social problem because of, 25.4% correspondent reported that they have never faced a social problem because of family's positive attitude subliminal as well as economical sport. Thank you.

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This is from my study conducted in Punjab regarding the educational rights of persons with disabilities. Thank you very much ma'am.

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Thank you Dr. Lavrechi. Please be on the line. Maybe we'll have question later.

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Right.

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So maybe next presentation by Dr. Okay, There you go.

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We.

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Next, Kubla Ligimi. File up.

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90. Either pulating your energy upload directly Actually, yeah, we are having a problem with the slides.

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So, Dr. Call, are you available?

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Doctor COR.

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I know.

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Dr. Monmith, Dr. Monith, are you there?

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Yes.

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Yes.

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Yes, so you can, you present your paper.

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Yes. Good morning everyone.

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Whoever is present there and I really thank the panel and the chair and the joiners who and the organizer as well the conference who are giving me the such an opportunity.

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To present my piece of research here. So, Let me start my name. My topic of presentation is the marginalized communities and economic justice as it is briefly.

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You know economic justice it is related with economic justice but today these days economic justice is not only related with the weekends say with only bread and butter and the economic materialistic well being.

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It includes so many attributions on the qualitative parameters also. Which weekends the dignified life and the just stable things and many more things which are, which are now affordable because all these things are market oriented.

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So I would start my presentation with the definition basic definitions of these both marginalized communities which communities are marginalized.

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How they got marginalized and the economic justice what we can understand with the term economic justice and what is their relation and what happens in the event we can see in recent era.

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In regional countries side in national or international some events moments and the happenings which are showing us glimpse of the aggregate problem of the of this issue and how we can We can more deeply analyze these things so that some of these inferences could come in the policy making.

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So.

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Documentally just an interruption. I would like to remind you that you have 15 min.

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Okay. Okay, okay.

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Please go ahead now. Okay.

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So, first of all, defining marginalized communities, we can see that it's holistic model of development.

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And my, this, POP. With your husband.

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Gradual deepening of commercialisation and profit oriented private

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They put more pressure more and more people.

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Pardon? Yep. You are not audible, me speak loudly.

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Okay, so. So.

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This will be the next minute you are audible properly or initially but now you are not audible.

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Okay, let me see.

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Meet check whether you have muted yourself.

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Hello, I think there, I can hear since I'm online. I can hear Dr.

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I think there is some issues with

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Hello.

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It is the next person. Now we got it. First one is going on. It was.

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Hello, am I audible there?

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Yeah. Now you are audible. Go ahead. This is next best.

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Okay.

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Okay, so I'm starting with the definition of this marginalized community. So.

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Manchur want me to do. Just, back on.

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With the short brief analysis we can have in, we are living in a capitalistic model of development more or less basically majority of our activities are grappled in this model.

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Being

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From the

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Very easy.

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So gradually deepening of commercialization and profit-oriented you know, our economic and other activities, private enterprises, they have put more and more people and other aspects of life like social emotional spiritual everything in the pocket of this commercial and profit-oriented type of thinking.

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So they put more and more people in the marginalised brackets of communities. Gradually it's the gradual process.

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It's not a fixed term for one type of people that they are marginalised. It is, it varies with the gender, cast, color, creed region.

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We can ask you if she wants it.

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And the locale and geography. So as the model of development works more deeply and it is integrated with the more

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Month you can turn on your camera Your camera is off now in a earlier it was your voice. Yeah, now it's fine Thank you.

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Yeah, please continue and remember the time limit.

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So, yeah. Okay, so it's I was explaining that it's not a community or the fixed number of people who would be declared marginalized.

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Continues working of market economy and the they put more strat of society across all the diverse the leaders of our society, all the type of people they are covered under this bracket of marginalized.

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So the people who are at one time they are well. Well, you know, settled or well.

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Having the material is well being at a good level of income they could be at Uncertain time because now these dates very speed up all the time.

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Is running with the market also and the time is very much answered and with our job insecurities. And the casualisation of more work.

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All over the world happening. So all major of people of people at which are at one time they are well settled and well being materialistic but now at any spot of time they could be marginalized.

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So. Next is the economic justice. Now economic justice, it's the It's a component we can say it is it's like a component of social and welfare economic social justice and welfare economics but it could be expanded one component but still because it is now in the capitalistic model of development it's the of all the development model or

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the excess of life depends upon the economic viability of our occupation and the materialistic well-being of people.

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So, we cannot negate or we cannot, underestimate the position and the value of the economic justice or the economic well-being of people.

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No doubt social and other type of justice and the welfare policies are also very important but the in nutshell in this model and this economy is gonna make the economic.

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Gain is the base for all other games because everything is commercialized and corporateized. So economic justice, in, literal meaning I can say it's the idea that economy will be more successful if it is farewell and that prosperity and justice go.

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And in hand and if the GDP per capita income and other attributes and the well being.

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Promoters are there. So everybody who is getting the equally and the dignified type of life and having such a type of income level.

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That is, we can say that is the more just stable economically. So goal is to to create opportunities for all to thrive.

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So, so that though there must be opportunity is opened for everyone.

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2, so universal basic income income in equality by gender and race equal opportunity for employment equality by gender and race equal opportunity for employment.

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And credit and allowing all of these their full potential. These are the key tenets of economic justice. So it is not only that anyone having the handsome

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In coming in his or her pocket, it's their opportunities, economic opportunities, employment, employability and their opportunities to get into into the market and the labor force.

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It's the all 10 itself.

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So, we have in India, some constitutional provisions also. Like article 14, article 46, which tickets the duty of a center as well as the state to promote the equal protection of laws for all and equal treatment.

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Or for economic justice for all state of society, especially for the marginal marginalized section of society.

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And, it's a duty bound. It is duty bound for the all, economic interest of the vehicle section of people to protect them and in particular of the scheduled cast and scheduled drives and they will protect the economic justice.

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So this is the this is one of the examples of many all over the country. The There are many provisions for gender for male, female and other genders.

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And other type of diverse. Gosh, other ethnic type of differences they give protection for economic justice but how they they get impacted with the other influencers also the for example it's the Climate change is the one of the It's not new phenomena but it's the very crucial and the integrated thing which which

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get which got it more complex. The marginalised communities got impacted much more. In this climate change scenario because they lose all their whatever the economic assets and the income they are having.

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So, national international wars. Climate change and the regional or the international politics, policy provisions, so many.

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Many more things.

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Which impact the marginalized communities more acutely and a more you know deeply when we say they economic justice because Whenever, for example, we have seen the Corona also, 2020.

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So there are many, many much studies which shows that the see, now these days we, came to know when data collection was at the 20 years back it was a household was a unit for data collection but now intra household studies are the much important because we came to know that in a single house the male female bargaining power and the

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possession of the economic estates and the use and the decision to control the economic assets is very different. So it's not only that householder unit, the intra household study.

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So it showed that the in 2020 female workers were the first who got And they are dismissed or suspended or terminated from their job opportunities because.

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First of all, they have to manage the household also, but, due to such a type of calamity called the natural emergency.

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So, Juvenile and the, women are the first of, the, which, got with victims which are, Got it by the market.

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So they are seem to be very easy target and the weak workers they are seem to be they are supposed to be weak workers so such examples are many more like in rural areas the likid r or the extreme down.

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You know, is the laborers who are unscaled and at the last, you know, level of skill and the work they will get more impacted.

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So marginalize in marginalized also the the traditional system of differentiation it accentuates the problem and the people who are living at the last or rod or the last threat of society which we can say major if we can measure the economic at the economic income.

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So they will be getting more. You know, impacted by these. So there must be there are many provisions of economic justice but it varies it varies with time it's not like if marginalised communities are not fake so economic justice is not fixed it varies with time to time like now the Jade Rotika

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Pam is not only the thing, it's not only house spread and a butter for us to live only we need electricity we need better education we need level health facilities.

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We need a dignified life. We need all the rights. We need of free life as equal as others.

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So, With this era with this 5G 60 era we we need so many other things to survive and to make sure and secure livelihoods.

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And land is a major question in the in the marginalized sections and the other other you know income inequality and wealth unequal distributions question.

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That because land is a major source of livelihood for all over the world for all societies, different type of societies.

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Even gender across gender also. There are so many now these days a female are coming ahead which are Yeah, running the taxis also running the and doing farming also all alone and doing so many things.

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It is not the privilege to do all the things all alone, but if the circumstances are like that, if they, They got disturbed their, you know, family system due to many, many issues or many reasons.

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It could be, it could be social. You know, death deaths or suicides or any kind of system when the There was time when we do was very left with on the dependent upon other societal or you know, philanthropist works, but now these days she's getting kind of opportunities maybe it could be

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due to IT sectors or some connections in communications and the technology is also, it's not a major trend, but somehow we can say there are, quite good opportunities or it could not be said good but they are doing something.

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I can see it's not it's not even having the some decent work parameters or so they are not regularized in work and they are facing or fighting many challenges but Still they are working.

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I have taken many females who are running the teachers who are running the so many even farming also and even shop shops also but it depends upon the political and social geographical system, very system system, but still it's somehow a train that It's not now the unknown thing that she can't come and the other gender

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also little bit it's there but much much much more is needed to be done. We don't have any Leigh-back institution for for it the all the marginalised section maybe if for example if we take the cast so, they have community houses there, but somehow if a few families or some of

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them or one of them even. Because everybody's life is very, you know, important and the We need to save each one of the person.

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Living in this, on this earth. So. So if they don't have any layback institutions like the traditional framework is broken, the now modern in modern framework because of equality or the new norms of market economy.

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They are quite struggling hard to find out the venues and ways where they can lay back. Like they don't have any better a place to leave, the woman from that categories and the, if they are working all alone, but they don't, they can't rely upon.

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So much more things are needed to be done, policy framework. Female or other genders inclusion.

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Reservations from all perspectives, legal, economic, social, no doubt it would be. But to gain economic justice also we need many social political and you know, different types of aspects of justice also.

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Thank you. Thank you, Dr. Munpraith. Please be on the line.

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So, That is all for my size. It was my presentation. A brief. Okay.

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Yeah.

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And now we'll have next present presentation by Dr Umar Ona. Yeah.

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Okay. Is going to be the last one. So I have to close this one first, right? So I have to close this.

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Oh, Not to do it. Is no assistance.

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We are living every now and then.

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I can send someone over if you need assistance.

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Right. So I can start. Okay. I started.

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This is my No, no, no, this one.

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Yep.

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Just click this one. Okay, this will be loaded. Yeah, okay. Yeah.

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Right, hello, Suwade Dika. I am Unalong Jam. Rooney, Gun, I'm working for, so could I, so, Titan Madeira, Open University, Thailand.

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So my topic today is about fear and power. In you know about reaction on the media. To advocate human rights in Thailand and Myanmar.

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So I would start with So I have 15 min, right? Okay, I will start with the questions that I would.

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I would like to ask you and you maybe it can reflect in your mind the first one is how do you promote human rights or community rights in your country?

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And the second one is as academic and professionals how do you consider social practice for human rights performed by marginalized people.

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So just reflect in your mind. And Now, actually I want to, you know, focus on my presentation, how I'm gonna do it with this one.

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I'm going to explore relationship of 3 aspects. The first one is human rights and community rights violation in Thailand in Myanmar.

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In particular in the case of the international port construction in both countries. And the second one is use of the third eye.

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And observation of documentary to advocate human rights. I made this film and free maker as well. So the last one is such a practice for mobilizing community rights.

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In the way Myanmar and Ban Bangladesh in Tamburi, Thailand.

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So it's actually I'm gonna explore 3 of 3 of these, how, effect together and the First of all, I would like to give you background some political context in Myanmar and Thailand.

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When I did research in about 2,019, 2,020, so in Myanmar it was It was under power of actually it has been at the power of military regime for more than 50 years and at that time about 2,020 on San Suu Kyi was in power and after that in 2,020

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one, yes, there was in power. And after that, in 2,021, yes, there was quadeta in in Myanmar.

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And Bye mean online from now on, but for Thailand I'm from Thailand.

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So we are we are under a military regime for about 9 years under the Product and Orchard government.

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So that's the. The. Very very brief political context. So what I'm good I'm going to introduce you again another thing is about background on human rights violation and the disease project that I think is Is the is the area of of Human rights violation is quite is quite quite clear that it's had negative consequences.

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Human right is led to impact of development of Southeast Asia. Especially Thailand and Myanmar right governments had a plan to construct the Mecha project the way a special economic zone or disaster.

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The disease has connected to LAMBSA BANK POOT, TONBURY, Gandhin, ABBURY, Bangkok, Thailand and away Myanmar and it's going to be crucial road for say fret between Asia and other regions including India.

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Before the disaster started in Tunbury, Thailand, the Lanser Ban part project was developed.

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Since the 19 eighties and there are lots of Negative consequences on ban Bangladesh.

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For the negative consequences of the construction of lambs to bank international port in Thailand.

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With with our information from the government and the Port Authority of Thailand many local fishermen's families were forced to sell their lands to the port with unfair price.

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Since 98 this construction of the LAMB tobound port caused negative consequences to Bang Lamong village for example natural resources the efficiency a lot of traditional ways of life So you can look at the pictures that that's central resources deficiency.

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My my friend my documentary that I made it so to be a tool of my resources called the D.

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Is, is actually observational documentary focusing on marginalized fishermen's ways of life among the massive port project in Balmoon village Thailand is that's my field work.

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Is about, you know, it shows authentic saints with a script with our music, without directing.

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It's actually I use it as a tool to explore Thai and me and my participants but perspective.

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Concerning human rights and community rights. What's that? Sorry. I'm gonna close the one.

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So this is, just a story about Uncle Ben Jobs. And he's bly fisherman.

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So I'm gonna skip this one for my presentation today. II actually I have to objectives but I but I think I'm sure I don't have time to talk about the first one much so I'm going to focus on the second one.

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So I'm going to talk about who study how they use documentary to advocate human rights and community rights and creates social practice in Thailand in Myanmar.

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My theoretical framework they are 3. Theories or 3 concepts. The first one I'm going to talk about 4 core concepts of human rights in Thailand.

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The second one is freedom as social practice and the last one is open space theory. Concepts of human rights in Thailand is actually we have a constitution that we state of we stated about human rights quite a lot in 1,997 and 2,007.

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Nevertheless in practice human rights and community rights have been violated. So, He's a Thai scholar.

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He offers situations and concepts of human rights in Thailand include 4 core concepts. The first one human rights imply concepts of political dynamic.

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The second one is community rights are part of cultural context and process of human mutualism. And the third one is human rights situations were not limited in conflicts between state officials and people.

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And the last one is naturally human rights itself are problems of social learning among Previleges, groups and ordinary people.

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So this is the brief concept of our concept. What about another theory is film as social practice from Graham Turner in 1,988 he expressed that theme as a social practice as a new approach of him studies and fame now it was examined as a cultural product.

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And associate practice. And it's not just a theme, it's a system and the process of culture.

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And for the open space theory is that this is the main theory in my research actually so but just Have a quick look.

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Well, Dee Mikkel and Zimmerman, he proposed that the open space theory it was different from traditional documentary.

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Open space documentary deploy, combinatory storytelling strategies, embracing the local through community engagement, participatory media and juice-produced histories across multiple platforms that intermingle and digital and analog with live social relations and places.

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So it's actually open space theory is related to create parties participatory media through dialogue and community in a professional note.

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And it's actually, it's a practice web a place is related to 3 sectors, freemaker subjects and audience are able to wander around and work together.

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Through dialogue in granted production.

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Methodologies.

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How many is I live now?

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How many Okay. About my pedagogy as I just walk a group with interpretation and interview. The first step is forecast group discussion and screening.

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The third I is my theme dividing up the the participant to be insiders and outside the groups of both countries.

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Myanmar and Thailand. The second step is interview of media design and ways of media distribution so they can design media themselves.

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And they have to discuss how to distribute that media to promote, to advocate human rights in marginalized group.

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So the last one is analyzing such a practice of human human rights within political, technological and cultural context both Minima and Thailand.

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So this is a definition of insiders and outsiders and electrical framework. This is very important. Framework of my studies because I divide up inside a and I defined it as people who live in Balmong Thailand and the Myanmar villages.

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And also social workers in the villagers, they are our insiders in this group in this research and for the outsider they are filmmakers media producers media distributors and NGOs so that's my definition.

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Actually, this is 3 core arguments. This, these are my arguments for my research. The first one.

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No single pattern of human rights at war. Specific values, norms, political conditions and technological systems in each society would frame human rights, community rights learning.

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That one that was my argument. The second argument is the forms of human rights advocacy. Would take place under mutual interest.

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And experience or open spaces, freedom and democratic society. And the last argument from my study, Fear and Power in South Asia.

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Is actually constraint of documentary social practices and human rights advocacy.

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So I'll give you some example of findings in Thailand for example. For the outsider group in Thailand they said observational cinema power you have to create love.

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You have to create love, love comforts a little later. What does it mean? It means that the documentary script was necessary if the purpose was to If you want to advocate human right, you need to write script.

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Carefully they mean that so and you need to put, you, you need to chuck, you need to shoot beautiful charts.

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You need to put all all the attracting charts in the film because they said they had to love the audience had to love the film first.

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Audience did not love that frame learning heart issues was learning human right issues was not possible.

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And another one, Panou Ari, he's a producer and filmmaker as well. He said the key point When you produce the frame is the fame had to be encased with the audience.

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So the more the more the frame rest the conflict the more audience would pay attention on human rights issue. So the heel the documentary should focus more and more negative.

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Consequences on the village. And it would be effective for the audience. For distribution, open spaces and social practice function.

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The panel said the documentary itself could not attract public audience, particularly in cinema theater in Thailand in our country.

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In Thailand. The cinema audience don't care social issues. They make care only themselves.

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They want to see entertaining films. And open spaces again about social. Practice function. So, potential ways to advocate rights issue by using the documentary was creating relevant events talking and set a seminar after screening.

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It was the best way to learn about the right the human rights issue. For example, it was new platform, cafe, theme clubs, classroom restaurant and art galleries that They call it open spaces.

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As social practice.

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Okay, I'm going to skip to our findings in Myanmar Insiders group. They said, especially in the group of fishermen and farmers in the way, in the way village and they said okay the third eye is really like they like that frame because that film have 2 crucial functions.

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The first one it encourages people who lost in development and the second one did it.

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Encouraged young generation in the way communities to learn about homeland protection. So The thing, the I think is very important that they say.

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When when they see the third eye It r it represents the ways life the ways because of that I shot in Thailand but me and my people when When they say it, they said, oh, it replies me in Mars.

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People live as well. So the insider group in Myanmar they said it was impossible for me and my people to negotiate with the government.

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Or even the transnational corporations as Thailand did. Because they were governed by the military routine.

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So in Myanmar it's not possible to negotiate with the government at all. Particularly in the way area they live under conditions of bricks, interests and conflicts among different parties associated with the way project.

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Although they they realize I mean although are the fishermen or the people in the way realised and understood human rights and community rights.

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But They had no power to negotiate. So they they had rice but no power.

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And,

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Okay, I'm gonna skip this one And I'm gonna talk a bit about this one.

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Is he's a mean he's maintain Kokodi. He's a founder of human dignity and human rights dream festival in Myanmar.

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He's a distributor and filmmaker in Myanmar. And He said he used the film festival as open space to encourage people to think about human rights.

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And he said under the military ruling for 50 years in Myanmar, human rights at work it seemed to be very difficult.

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Very, very difficult for him. Not he was in custody. After the quadeta is in town.

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This so I he said discussion platforms need But this is very important. Need democratic spaces and supports from several parties.

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And Lindsay Morrison, Father of Yangon, Film School and He's, he's a producer, documentary producer as well.

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She said to avoid negative circumstances of political pressure in Myanmar. The travel traveling to other places with the films and show them what's better than showing in movie theaters.

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That's the way of social practice in Myanmar. You travel around the country and you show them in the rural area.

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It's not in theater. That's a social practice. And because internet infrastructure in Myanmar was not widely, it's not effective at all.

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So social media might be possible. Only in big cities, but not be possible only in big cities, but not in rural area.

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Conclusion. Social practice and at volking human rights would be possible if democratic spaces were established.

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The military regimes were in power in both Thailand and Myanmar. That might be difficult to do at workacy in real spaces.

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Finally, such a practice via digital media or online media would be possible.

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So I would like to acknowledgement to all villagers in Baltimore and the way social workers or participants Tepsi project financial resource.

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Thank you Dr. Ona. Now we have the last presentation by Dr. Bub Singer.

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Good, good afternoon all of you. Respected chairperson, Professor Sha. And co-chair person.

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Dr. Rosalie Bala. And other panelist members. Dr.

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Jackson. Dr. And my co-organizer. Dr.

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Benoit Joti Das and other people who are connected. Offline and online. Basically I thought to have this paper because I was thinking can a profession can be reason for marginalization.

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We always talk about The sanitation, cleanliness. And but we forget. About the people. Who are involved in this work.

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And we always think! Them as a lesser human being, lesser being. That's why I choose this topic and I always call them A soldier of sanitation.

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So my topic is marginalization of soldier of sanitation, a human right concern.

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See all of us know in India, Scenes has been a hereditary occupation and everybody born in a say cast of schedule caste.

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Balmiki, male or female. They have to take this in inhuman practice. And if you take about in according to medicinal Social order, they have to perform.

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This duty. Even they have earlier on they have to carry out their night soul on their head, long and steed.

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Although it has been bent. Under 1,993 act but still it is continuing in rural areas or rural India.

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Even among the Balmiki community these people are leveled as a silver men, guttermen, main hole workers.

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And they are not looked upon by their own people. But other community dislike them. They are hated, discriminated every walk of life.

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Doing for this dirty jobs. See, whenever you read newspaper early in the morning you get the newspaper and you find so many items.

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Happening in your country and But you never bothered to read. Or even dreams. Any news related to SERMAN?

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A a shiver man died in a main hall. A serious worker I used to call them soldier of sanitation, in a septic tank.

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Most of us even bother to read. And especially you can think. You should, we can think that, whenever we get this stuff.

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We are working and this kind of stuff which is polluting and a fecal matter are another matter.

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If touches to your fit, even you are fit. And you were to choose. What we will do we will just scare off and we will rust to the rest of us it And, and we, we always think that we should vass it first.

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But we have to think. About these people who enter in that area where it is flowing. And there you can see experienced day-to-day life they have to enter in main hole workers.

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And what kind of situation and when we catch about the male job what is main whole and just like you can say that a space where oxygen level can cast the brain or when can cross the sanitation you will get the fent.

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And the privacy of oxygen will lead to blindness. You will die. And you will get, you can say, brain haemorrhage and other kind of things.

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So, if you see that II use to call them and a soldier of sanitation because they always endure their life of sanitation because they always endure their life, health, dignity.

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And they fight against owns a lot of waste. Waste, gases. We are without protective cover. And even sometimes they are losing their life.

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Some somebody asked me when I was in Lucknow for this any confess and why you call them soldier of sanitation is this respect to soldiers.

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I told him that a soldier is properly trained. He knows who his enemy. He has all kind of arms and ammunition.

342
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He has a you can say backup line he has a backup health line also and even after you can say casualty or any kind of mishap, the his or her family is taken care of.

343
01:01:26.000 --> 01:01:35.000
But what about these peoples? We are talking about whether these peoples they are not honored.

344
01:01:35.000 --> 01:01:45.000
They are taken as a looked upon. Just like you can take the example. Filing of a prince in a borewell.

345
01:01:45.000 --> 01:02:01.000
Make a national news headline. Everybody knows in India every newspaper, every media was talking about a Fispalin and every politician whether a local area or even CNN visited to that place.

346
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But to rest an old rescue operation watch telecast, the same day. 5 people died in sea work.

347
01:02:13.000 --> 01:02:19.000
I used to call them a soldier rope sanitation in main hall.

348
01:02:19.000 --> 01:02:27.000
None of media and politician has time to visit their houses.

349
01:02:27.000 --> 01:02:39.000
And if you talk about the journey of waste, You know the journey of waste began from your kitchen bathroom toilet, house strain and that is empty into sewer.

350
01:02:39.000 --> 01:02:49.000
And you know you can imagine how it mixing will take place. The domestic commercial and industrial westward.

351
01:02:49.000 --> 01:03:05.000
And it has wide range of a white range of object. You can have kitchen with sanitary thermo state and syringe blade, placenta and market waste diary and waste construction diaries.

352
01:03:05.000 --> 01:03:31.000
And there you can see a mixing lead to production of way daily gases. Okay, and when a any person enter into the manhole it will gross you can see all factory benefit you will not able to smell you will and you you were when your oxygen is affected to brain and ultimately it will lead to death.

353
01:03:31.000 --> 01:03:43.000
If you will not get that time. See, through a study what I want to know, there are 2 part of this paper.

354
01:03:43.000 --> 01:04:13.000
One is analysis of a newspaper cutting. The various death reported from last at 10 years in Haryana and neighboring area and analysis of that and and other I want to know that what kind of socioeconomic status they have and their working conditions and whether they know about what kind of health has hurt they are in safety and welfare

355
01:04:13.000 --> 01:04:36.000
schemes by the government. And I want to know the attitude of general public and Seduncrust and their own community about these pupils for this I have chosen 100 soldier of sanitation on basis of in rather on the basis of their family engagement whether at least I say that at least.

356
01:04:36.000 --> 01:04:47.000
2 people from a family has worked in main hall workers. That was the basic. And I also visited the first hand side to have first-handed information.

357
01:04:47.000 --> 01:05:01.000
I wasted the side with local fellow how serious cleaning is there when I was entering I tried to enter but I couldn't even could not step into the main hole.

358
01:05:01.000 --> 01:05:11.000
For our final analysis, I taken the the soldier who died, their report analysis, you can check up content analysis.

359
01:05:11.000 --> 01:05:29.000
So, how basically if you see the developing country and developed country and how this process is done and because they are asked to have variable he comes to gamboos and bumpy suits and you have proper training.

360
01:05:29.000 --> 01:05:41.000
If you take the developed country or developing country they have proper training to do the work. But and they have proper mechanism and health line.

361
01:05:41.000 --> 01:05:56.000
To cover up the losses but here in India in particular rural areas. Still they are using a traditional method of knowing whether a gaseous flow is OK or not.

362
01:05:56.000 --> 01:06:15.000
Just just the they will you can select the matchbox and tie to whether it is noted. And particularly you know the about the methane gaze or just you can see through the pictures they will enter.

363
01:06:15.000 --> 01:06:28.000
Net or almost naked. Or you can see, they will use still using the kapchi, a weapon they used to before 20 or 30 years.

364
01:06:28.000 --> 01:06:52.000
See and how they have to enter into this works and they have their metal basket and one of team will be standing outside one people will pour all the waste into to clear the blowcase and sometime when he entered oxygen is less than methane gases more.

365
01:06:52.000 --> 01:07:00.000
Then obviously there will be a fatigue or a loss of obesity will lead to the brain dead.

366
01:07:00.000 --> 01:07:08.000
Ultimately, if we will not get the treatment he well can die. And he will die at the time over.

367
01:07:08.000 --> 01:07:20.000
See, this is the analysis of deaths reported in various newspaper that I selected. 20000 sorry, 210 I go to various paper cutting a newspaper.

368
01:07:20.000 --> 01:07:44.000
You can take the example is is it's 18 okay and out of you can say 2,000 or 21018 soldiers of Keep body, We didn't get the body of 18 soldier of session and 132 died in main hole itself.

369
01:07:44.000 --> 01:07:47.000
40 died after bringing out the mineral. And only 20 can imagine the health situation or health services provide to these people.

370
01:07:47.000 --> 01:08:06.000
Only 20 people and 2 died after on their first assignment day. You can imagine first time he is entering into a main hole and dying one day.

371
01:08:06.000 --> 01:08:19.000
So you can see the I told that the maximum family member, 5. One fellow in Ghazia, Vadim, state from Balmiki community in Gazawa.

372
01:08:19.000 --> 01:08:23.000
He lost 5 people.

373
01:08:23.000 --> 01:08:33.000
In this mishap. So, death of father and son is very common. And almost they died before.

374
01:08:33.000 --> 01:08:38.000
They died before their retirement.

375
01:08:38.000 --> 01:08:46.000
And you can see the maximum death occurred due to methane and other gases. This is really to more.

376
01:08:46.000 --> 01:09:06.000
You I find during my survey also and I find during this analyst content analysis of various newspaper that it in apartheid and June this was that, that are more irrespective of other months.

377
01:09:06.000 --> 01:09:29.000
And that is even despite of honorable Supreme Court order human rights commission order and even state and central government orders and they are supposed to provide the oxygen cylinder, helmet, belt, gumbo, bunny suit and even fast bed, sorry, first aid and torch and airblower.

378
01:09:29.000 --> 01:09:59.000
And but till date they are not having that kind of protective If you when I were this from 100 soldier of sanitation you can if you is wise grouping you can say below 25% it is 20% and you can say 25 and 45 72% and 45 and over 8% and 19 year old boy was the youngest

379
01:10:01.000 --> 01:10:08.000
and 52 was the oldest. And you can say they are a soldier of sanitation is very common.

380
01:10:08.000 --> 01:10:20.000
Future of young generation is gloomy. And 64 2% respondent were fifth past and 24 were 58 14% of soldier is fastenable.

381
01:10:20.000 --> 01:10:30.000
We can see lack of socio-consciousness and absence of realization of importance of education is prevailing among them.

382
01:10:30.000 --> 01:10:40.000
If you take the family size. You can find there 4 and a bow and 12% have it 2 to 4 children and only 20% have 2 or less children.

383
01:10:40.000 --> 01:10:54.000
And smoking and drinking. That is common. They are basically actual because they come across such a profession they have to take alcohol and even these people who are private owner or something, ask them to do privately.

384
01:10:54.000 --> 01:11:16.000
Not as a contacted and or as a government job. So, they just give him alcohol so you can beer that the holy smell or gases okay and they have or you can say smoking and drinking behavior.

385
01:11:16.000 --> 01:11:35.000
And if you talk about the expenditure pattern and that they are spending on drinking and smoking behavior is you can you can set more than 20% they spend on these things.

386
01:11:35.000 --> 01:11:57.000
So, that more than 80% respondents feel that they are hated by a general category people and mostly feel that even their own community didn't dislike dislike their work and they don't have ROTI BETICANATA.

387
01:11:57.000 --> 01:12:20.000
Basically, they didn't marry with this. Those people who are in sweeping business pimmick or occupation they are not marrying these people even they are housing is on one side and they sweeping together on other side.

388
01:12:20.000 --> 01:12:32.000
And even their sons and daughter. Can have count and abusive legs. And they'd other community people didn't give the waivata another thing.

389
01:12:32.000 --> 01:12:49.000
And they consider some when I was asking some people, some people that that will belong to Sege Balm Ki, St Wal Miki and they want to they accepted the profession as a compelling person.

390
01:12:49.000 --> 01:12:58.000
They are don't want to do do this business, this occupation, but they have don't have any alternate occupations.

391
01:12:58.000 --> 01:13:18.000
And they are that it is socially sanctioned. Ajay and take ill and you can say some 20% 24 people think that due to illiteracy and poverty and easily availability is reason for choosing these occupations.

392
01:13:18.000 --> 01:13:34.000
Most of them want to change their occupation. I if government provide them financial help most of the safety tanker owned by a percussion they are laborer Even in this profession, Who is heading?

393
01:13:34.000 --> 01:13:43.000
Upper cast is having all this safety tank, but they are just labourer. They are again peddling.

394
01:13:43.000 --> 01:13:55.000
So, occupational immobilility is still prevailing occupation prevailing and it is preventing to them rise in the society.

395
01:13:55.000 --> 01:14:04.000
We have some success story about this just like I met with that I'm seeing with Do and Prim.

396
01:14:04.000 --> 01:14:15.000
They, they think that we will don't want that our future generation should work this profession. That is why doing from morning to evening work this profession.

397
01:14:15.000 --> 01:14:19.000
That is why doing from morning to evening work this profession. That is why doing from morning to evening work this profession.

398
01:14:19.000 --> 01:14:42.000
That's why, from morning to evening work, now their sons and daughter are doing, they are teacher also, one of them See and when I talked about the awareness about the government schemes because government has lost various schemes after 1,993 whether it is state government or state central government and particularly

399
01:14:42.000 --> 01:15:00.000
after when this sanitation a week start make organizing after that you can say government is particularly taken care and launched so many schemes about these peoples.

400
01:15:00.000 --> 01:15:26.000
So, I just I inquire about the scheme whether they are aware about this scheme. So, you can say very all of them know about the schemes but few people about know the few schemes and you can say that they are having a government job coaching for various exams, free hostel facilities, intercrust marries.

401
01:15:26.000 --> 01:15:36.000
they have loan. So we can say that only you can say the marginal people have knowledge about old but other people have knowledge.

402
01:15:36.000 --> 01:15:51.000
Because of they have one or 2 teachers or political awareness or awareness campaigning launched by Spy, Aleinda, Spike Rum, Charlie Shang or any others and teachers in that.

403
01:15:51.000 --> 01:16:01.000
And one more thing they reported, why they are not getting compensation because they are saying that this work has been outsource.

404
01:16:01.000 --> 01:16:14.000
And there, the sanction poster lying vacant and it has been outsourced. And these compensation are meant for only you can say a sanction post.

405
01:16:14.000 --> 01:16:28.000
Or others. So that's why a private contractor and other people they face the problem to getting the compensation in case of death or in case of disability.

406
01:16:28.000 --> 01:16:36.000
So if you take the Ice T to almost belong to, I can skip this light.

407
01:16:36.000 --> 01:16:53.000
And Again, I told that to they told that they don't have masks whenever they enter into this area you can see from the slide also they don't have gamboo, toxin, cylinders take barrier and banishu.

408
01:16:53.000 --> 01:17:05.000
They don't have fast aid facilities, medical facilities. Or even whenever they go to civil hospital or any other hospital and they have little or no attention.

409
01:17:05.000 --> 01:17:16.000
And you can see that most of them have drinking water because it is mandatory to have a drinking water at the facility as the main whole site.

410
01:17:16.000 --> 01:17:33.000
But I have I had never seen that. And the political mobilization among these people also is there nowadays due to active involvement of Bousin-smah's party and BJP and Congress and regional party.

411
01:17:33.000 --> 01:17:49.000
So earlier on they think thought to be the part and parcel of what Bank of Congress but now due to awareness of various Balmiki Massa, Spike Rum Chari Association and Balmiki was sent and Balmiki education community.

412
01:17:49.000 --> 01:18:02.000
They are politically awake and they are distancing wherever they are getting good seats, good number of representation, they are getting the space they are joining that group for that party.

413
01:18:02.000 --> 01:18:08.000
You can take that even RSS through various organization and daint in traditional concrete. And they have got the special space.

414
01:18:08.000 --> 01:18:38.000
And but still mostly attracted to toward the Ambaker ideology and BSP. And If you talk about the legal framework, it is you can say according to 1,993 act 2,013 act and even the various PIL file by various NGO and other organization to and even various court as in

415
01:18:42.000 --> 01:18:57.000
with their decision and issued a directed to follow the ensure the safety and security of soldier of sanitation and to have all these facilities but still it is compromising.

416
01:18:57.000 --> 01:19:05.000
The safety and security of these peoples. So, what we can do, this.

417
01:19:05.000 --> 01:19:16.000
So first of all when old when you can see a roti can make through a machine, why still this profession or this work?

418
01:19:16.000 --> 01:19:30.000
Is not mechanised. It is so inhuman. So my situation is that mechanization of this work especially server work should be done.

419
01:19:30.000 --> 01:19:55.000
And the people working as a soldier of sanitation this would be rehabilitated and they should be you can see if they are forced to do they have to do other work health and education facilities for them all the facilities at the restroom, drinking water, bathing, rent and first aid and toilets should be there.

420
01:19:55.000 --> 01:20:08.000
And basically the regularization at risk lounge should be there. Our protective equipment during working should be the compensation policy for government and private it should be mandatory.

421
01:20:08.000 --> 01:20:27.000
Just like I can give the example of one case in Bhaggat recently died. He was private owner and he hired a man who even never entered into an But later on he used political influence is also finally due to the social activism and civil society involved.

422
01:20:27.000 --> 01:20:39.000
We were able to get the compensation further heavily. Role of media and civil society in changing mindset of the public.

423
01:20:39.000 --> 01:20:46.000
That is must, that is necessary. Course on sanitation to develop the culture of sanitation is must.

424
01:20:46.000 --> 01:20:54.000
So,

425
01:20:54.000 --> 01:21:10.000
So just if you take the in concluding remarks I can say that if you take the example every year with some way or other away you have more than 1,000 soldier of sanitation losing their better life.

426
01:21:10.000 --> 01:21:19.000
And also a lot of gases. They are fighting without protective cover. But no media, no civil society political party p homeless to them.

427
01:21:19.000 --> 01:21:30.000
Part their sacrifice to clean India. No compensation to family is given. They did. Due to material culturalism, privatization, industrialization, production of home and industrial waste has increased many times.

428
01:21:30.000 --> 01:21:50.000
But appointment of Sophie Cromchari has been not done according to vacant posts even in Rothak we have 24 7 poster language we have start doing our work by machines such as a road breeze building even making LOTIZE, such as a road, breeze, building, even making Loti

429
01:21:50.000 --> 01:22:08.000
and L do, but yet mechanization of sewer cleaning is done manually. This is sustaining pain is beared by a family of soldiers of sanitation.

430
01:22:08.000 --> 01:22:22.000
No Nana Noah will come forward to support their claim to be human and dignity. So, I will end with the Dr.

431
01:22:22.000 --> 01:22:32.000
Umbaker's famous quote that our battle is not for the wealth. Our battle is a note for the wealth.

432
01:22:32.000 --> 01:22:43.000
Our battle is not for the power. It is battle for freedom. It is a battle for reclamation of human personality.

433
01:22:43.000 --> 01:23:00.000
So, this is a famous quote by Dr. Ambaker. And if you all of us are talking about from local level to UN know and so many international and national organizations, we are always talk about the human right.

434
01:23:00.000 --> 01:23:21.000
We are realistic about the sanitation. We always talk about the cleanliness, personal hyacinth, but the people who are doing this job They are not considered as an equal human being equal being and they should be respected and they should be given equal right.

435
01:23:21.000 --> 01:23:33.000
So it is my humble request. To all of all the member of this society that they should treat them as a equal Indian.

436
01:23:33.000 --> 01:23:47.000
Equal human being equal Indian equal citizen equal global men so they can they can they can claim their human personality thank you Thank you Dr.

437
01:23:47.000 --> 01:24:10.000
Hoopsengoji. No It's time to question and answer if we have. Because I cannot see audience here except for any question?

438
01:24:10.000 --> 01:24:40.000
So, I haven't finished my paper yet. Oh. Got the full room but there's too there's too much for you yeah I can send it to you when I finish The Just an observation of

439
01:24:43.000 --> 01:24:54.000
Like that girl. Face a lot of problems with in terms of sanitation.

440
01:24:54.000 --> 01:25:05.000
I think to you as a person What you say probably is a problem of willingness of parties of U.S.A.

441
01:25:05.000 --> 01:25:21.000
Or it's bigger problem than that. Maybe they believe their cost system. Around So, we need Neither first.

442
01:25:21.000 --> 01:25:25.000
In there, the Australian.

443
01:25:25.000 --> 01:25:40.000
Maybe. Associated the stateless in Switzerland at your foreshows status here. So, We may appear for

444
01:25:40.000 --> 01:25:44.000
The vision of

445
01:25:44.000 --> 01:26:02.000
I think relations. So Okay, there's your idea of the voice problem. Structural or it's a lack of infrastructure.

446
01:26:02.000 --> 01:26:12.000
So thank you. Was it an observation or a question? Okay. Dr.

447
01:26:12.000 --> 01:26:29.000
Boops saying yeah. Dr. Jackson, in my first sentence, I said that the people who are marginalized on the basis of work in traditional social hierarchy.

448
01:26:29.000 --> 01:26:40.000
And in last I said that due to compulsion, economic and other compulsation because they are not good educated another thing.

449
01:26:40.000 --> 01:26:54.000
Still they are forced to do this work. Okay, and even still government because this profession has been attached to this particular community.

450
01:26:54.000 --> 01:27:00.000
As I told you, this safety tanker has been owned by Gourmet, Uppercase people.

451
01:27:00.000 --> 01:27:13.000
But they are they put the diver. From this community and of her work. Then again, nobody for one to do from a because this work.

452
01:27:13.000 --> 01:27:27.000
And there should be change of basically a mindset about these peoples. So in short he wants to say that it is a question of hierarchy.

453
01:27:27.000 --> 01:27:37.000
Yeah, it is economic compulsation because they are not getting other jobs. Nowadays, there's just a few examples.

454
01:27:37.000 --> 01:27:46.000
They they thought that our next generation will not do this work. That's why they thought that our next generation will not do this work.

455
01:27:46.000 --> 01:27:51.000
That's why they we will work day and night, but we do not let our donation to do this work.

456
01:27:51.000 --> 01:28:03.000
So they have done work and now their generation is not doing work. But government Just like in Gugga or another, it's known to be the millennium city and other thing.

457
01:28:03.000 --> 01:28:22.000
But still if mechanization of must that should be done when you have done everything. Mechanization process why it cannot be done that's why I'm saying government is still, you can say, not taking care of this issue.

458
01:28:22.000 --> 01:28:29.000
Maybe we can discuss it.

459
01:28:29.000 --> 01:28:54.000
In a so. Making behind is going to be at school in system like if you is it it's an economic issue relating that infrastructure.

460
01:28:54.000 --> 01:29:15.000
Of letting on I think any case may interrupt. May I answer on your behalf? Because Professor Dr. God has already answered that it's a question of hierarchy as well as economic opportunity also and what we can do or what the government can do is to mechanize everything, which the government is trying to do everything.

461
01:29:15.000 --> 01:29:31.000
So this is a kind of compulsion because they don't have any other opportunity as well as this hierarchical social order which is there.

462
01:29:31.000 --> 01:29:44.000
Though we have adopted constitution back. Still, would you like to add something or did I answer properly? Yeah. Haha, I hear you.

463
01:29:44.000 --> 01:29:52.000
So, any other question? Any other question? Online audience? Do we have any question?

464
01:29:52.000 --> 01:29:54.000
Yeah, Okay.

465
01:29:54.000 --> 01:29:59.000
No, I can't see anybody asking question online.

466
01:29:59.000 --> 01:30:11.000
Okay. Okay. Okay, so, I have few questions. My question is From Doctor Manmith Dr.

467
01:30:11.000 --> 01:30:13.000
Monmith, are you here?

468
01:30:13.000 --> 01:30:15.000
Yes, yes ma'am.

469
01:30:15.000 --> 01:30:31.000
Dr. Monmith, he was saying that juvenile and women are weak workers. So what I want to know, it was a very good paper about economic justice and marginalized communities.

470
01:30:31.000 --> 01:30:40.000
So, can Juvenile work? Because as far as I know, India has banned child labor.

471
01:30:40.000 --> 01:30:55.000
So, I what in fact why this contradiction I just wanted to clarify because The sentence which you used was Jvanized and women are weak workers.

472
01:30:55.000 --> 01:30:57.000
So could you please clarify?

473
01:30:57.000 --> 01:31:15.000
Yeah, yeah, little bit. Give me 1 min. Yes, actually the context of, my, statement was that, whenever there is some, crises or some upheaval.

474
01:31:15.000 --> 01:31:23.000
It could be economic, social, geographical, religious, social, geographical, religious, whatever type of crisis or upheaval is there.

475
01:31:23.000 --> 01:31:37.000
That especially female which is a very much you know based off a householder unit. So it got impacted, but the way the market economy is going on, the it's running itself.

476
01:31:37.000 --> 01:31:49.000
The more than 90% of our economy is unorganized. And it files in the unorganized sectors which are not accountable and which are not doing their work or activities according to the law prevailing in the area.

477
01:31:49.000 --> 01:32:02.000
Similarly as a Dr. Gore has also explained, there are so many laws, especially the 2 laws, 1,993 to 2,003 for the manuscript which has banned but so many things are going on according to the traditional framework.

478
01:32:02.000 --> 01:32:11.000
It's not only things are going on according to the traditional framework. It's not only the things are going on according to the traditional framework.

479
01:32:11.000 --> 01:32:17.000
It's not only the it's the manual screening, no doubt it is the thing, but the way it is based or it is rested upon a one community and one type of person is another question.

480
01:32:17.000 --> 01:32:35.000
So the my statement was that whenever the it could be climate change or any type of emergency which is which is putting pressure on the economic level or economic or income level of people.

481
01:32:35.000 --> 01:32:50.000
These are supposed to be weaker workers. Because unorganized sector unorganized market, suppose we if we consider a mall, Mall is giving economic opportunities to many people or the world, it's providing work.

482
01:32:50.000 --> 01:32:58.000
But there is a differential wages for the meal and as well as a female and major part of economy and economic activities are done.

483
01:32:58.000 --> 01:33:20.000
By the child liberals. Juveniles are not separate because in the when we study the down road and part of society, they depend upon the everybody is independent for their economic, you know, livelihood and people and parents depend upon the, their children's Income, right?

484
01:33:20.000 --> 01:33:29.000
So they put them in the any type of work. And people also like the Mustique workers and so many other examples are there.

485
01:33:29.000 --> 01:33:46.000
No doubt there is a law. It should be banned. It should not be at any cost. But the real real scenario or the actual realities which are ground realities which we are showing, which we are getting to know when we go to the field work or somewhere.

486
01:33:46.000 --> 01:33:56.000
So it's the kind of things that they are more impacted and whatever they were getting. No doubt it is not OK that they should do work or such a type of work they should do.

487
01:33:56.000 --> 01:34:02.000
But what I they were getting, those section of society got much more impacted than the other whenever there is type of any crisis or emergency.

488
01:34:02.000 --> 01:34:20.000
So economic justice is not only the to having the right to equal weight, it should be equal opportunities and the kind of thing that traditional division of work also should be questionable.

489
01:34:20.000 --> 01:34:33.000
It should be such a type of, it should be dignified. What I just want to say. It should be dignified so that they should come out from the some type of marginality which they are living.

490
01:34:33.000 --> 01:34:34.000
Okay.

491
01:34:34.000 --> 01:34:38.000
Hmm? Because the system is putting them in the marginal section at the most deprived section. So what is it?

492
01:34:38.000 --> 01:34:59.000
It's not only economy, it's other Other aspects also that it is burdened like female is burdened with such a kind of division of work, sometimes juvenile, sometimes one type of community is burdened with some typical type of work, but it should be there must be some policy or some type of thinking must be there for

493
01:34:59.000 --> 01:35:12.000
it that they should not be burdened for such as one singular type of activity. They should also be treated like equal human beings and the and the There is much more to be done.

494
01:35:12.000 --> 01:35:21.000
I know there are so many aspects of it, but it should be questionable and it should be questionable and it is the right question up here whenever we are talking about the

495
01:35:21.000 --> 01:35:25.000
Thank you doctor. Thank you Dr. Menprith. You have answered your question very well.

496
01:35:25.000 --> 01:35:26.000
Thanks.

497
01:35:26.000 --> 01:35:38.000
Thank you and Yes. And Dr. Jess Gear wants to say some. Just see.

498
01:35:38.000 --> 01:35:42.000
Please go ahead.

499
01:35:42.000 --> 01:35:47.000
Okay, let me tell you.

500
01:35:47.000 --> 01:35:52.000
Okay.

501
01:35:52.000 --> 01:35:58.000
Okay no problem.

502
01:35:58.000 --> 01:36:05.000
No.

503
01:36:05.000 --> 01:36:20.000
Okay, Dr. Lagne, my co-chair, I would like you to put some comments on the presentations.

504
01:36:20.000 --> 01:36:22.000
Would you like to say something?

505
01:36:22.000 --> 01:36:42.000
Okay, okay. Thank you, So it was a wonderful session. I'm not rising authority to Zoom and challenges before marginalized community in Globalize World.

506
01:36:42.000 --> 01:36:43.000
No, pretty.

507
01:36:43.000 --> 01:37:02.000
All the 4 paper presenters, they touch different fields as, Dr. He has brought before us the problems which, persons with disability face do while going for the education and he has brought primary data for us and the second one meet she has very in a very elaborate manner she has

508
01:37:02.000 --> 01:37:17.000
discussed how economic justice is not just getting economic opportunities as she's talking about the status and dignity and all that other rights legal and equal opportunity especially in all the fields and that is very important point here.

509
01:37:17.000 --> 01:37:31.000
Only getting money these days is not as she talked about that in fiveg this era we don't need any only money only rotika plan and we need so many other things and those things are also equally important.

510
01:37:31.000 --> 01:37:37.000
As far as, the modern way of life is concerned, it is not just, getting the minimum.

511
01:37:37.000 --> 01:37:42.000
So we are living in a world where, there are so many necessities now. Just, getting to eat or, getting to where is enough.

512
01:37:42.000 --> 01:38:12.000
So, getting to eat or, getting to where is enough. So there are some, there are certain things and, we should that the social practices and educating human rights would be possible if democratic spaces are established and the in a very sensitive and very beautiful way he has brought us.

513
01:38:39.000 --> 01:38:44.000
The pain of soldiers of cleanliness or Because we all are, you know, we are responsible for this filth. We are responsible.

514
01:38:44.000 --> 01:38:57.000
We are creating all these things which others are you keep taking care for us and we are the people who are not giving equal status.

515
01:38:57.000 --> 01:39:07.000
We are we are not thinking they are equal to us because they are doing something they are cleaning our We are ignoring them and we are outcasting them and we are disowning them.

516
01:39:07.000 --> 01:39:20.000
That is not actually good. And, I think everybody who is listening to this presentation is getting you know very sensitive and we have different feelings now for these workers and, very, you know, it's a responsibility of the government and all of us also as a community.

517
01:39:20.000 --> 01:39:46.000
That this mechanized system should be started and they should also get the equal status and they should not be outcast and they should not be you know, low down, look, looked up on, because of their work because it was there in a traditional cast system when years before now we are saying that in India we have

518
01:39:46.000 --> 01:39:59.000
you know equal opportunities for all and we or everybody is equal then all these things are also putting questions on our secularization and equality which is being given by the Constitution of India.

519
01:39:59.000 --> 01:40:06.000
So I'm very thankful to, Professor Biojoti and Professor Boopsi for giving me an opportunity to co-chair this session.

520
01:40:06.000 --> 01:40:10.000
I'm sorry I could not be present there in person but still I'm very happy to be a part of this and congratulations to all the people presenters for their wonderful presentations.

521
01:40:10.000 --> 01:40:17.000
Thank you.

522
01:40:17.000 --> 01:40:18.000
Thank you.

523
01:40:18.000 --> 01:40:38.000
So thank you, Dr. Rajini. And, as she has already summarized I would not like to say much just to think that a few lines that yeah all the papers were very wonderfully presented and it focused on very pertinent areas as well.

524
01:40:38.000 --> 01:41:08.000
One or 2 papers I found this link with authoritarianism somewhere was missing. So I would request the presenters to kindly focus on that and then again when we present papers statistically We, this is just a suggestion from my side for future presentations that, Bishop somewhere use a kind of theoretical framework and then draw conclusion on the basis of

525
01:41:08.000 --> 01:41:19.000
that framework that makes the paper very, very interesting. This would be my suggestion and thank you for your paper.

526
01:41:19.000 --> 01:41:35.000
You completely portrait the picture of how fishermen community in Myanmar is suffering because of military rules, continuing military rules and how they are getting marginalized and what can be done to bring into them into the main ministry.

527
01:41:35.000 --> 01:41:39.000
So thank you everyone for the paper presentation and now I hand over the mic to the organizers. Dr.

528
01:41:39.000 --> 01:41:49.000
Vinay Jothi and Dr. Bub Singh.

529
01:41:49.000 --> 01:41:56.000
Dr. Benoit, are you there?

530
01:41:56.000 --> 01:41:57.000
Dr. Benoit?

531
01:41:57.000 --> 01:42:00.000
Hello. Yeah, am I audible? I think. Yes, yeah.

532
01:42:00.000 --> 01:42:02.000
Yes, you are audible and Yeah.

533
01:42:02.000 --> 01:42:12.000
It was an, wonderful, enlightening session, mind boggling things we discussed or we got to know many things neglected area especially.

534
01:42:12.000 --> 01:42:38.000
In this, last paper. I think, by Dr. The sanitation soldiers of sanitation which is we don't often get to no, such a research, because it is always neglected and overlooked.

535
01:42:38.000 --> 01:42:53.000
It is taken for granted. Very few talk about them and we all talk about. Cleanliness to view advancement of it but The real heroes are missing.

536
01:42:53.000 --> 01:43:01.000
And there is a need and all papers, like that's a well one of the highlighting point.

537
01:43:01.000 --> 01:43:13.000
Like to mention but then since we are ending the session I would like to extend my. Acknowledgement and gratitude towards chair.

538
01:43:13.000 --> 01:43:23.000
And co-chair. Professor Rashniwala. And our panelist, Dr.

539
01:43:23.000 --> 01:43:37.000
Kozhi's booking, Dr. And all the presenter. for, enlightening us with, his, research.

540
01:43:37.000 --> 01:43:49.000
On these aisibility people, visible peoples in their rights in education and marginalized community and economic justice by Monmouth Core.

541
01:43:49.000 --> 01:43:59.000
And, and we had a very, insightful people presented by. Unalom, Cheng Room.

542
01:43:59.000 --> 01:44:10.000
Shanghai, I think I hope I'm making little sense to the name and please excuse me for the mispronunciation.

543
01:44:10.000 --> 01:44:21.000
And it was a and I'm tanking all the participant or a chair and a panelist for the making this.

544
01:44:21.000 --> 01:44:40.000
Okay. Okay.

545
01:44:40.000 --> 01:44:41.000
Okay.

546
01:44:41.000 --> 01:44:45.000
Station successful and I would like to acknowledge, the, elders as we have already read the acknowledgement note for the country as a protocol for the starting the session and ending also I would like to extend my thanks and gratitude towards the pastly, elders and, therefore their

547
01:44:45.000 --> 01:44:51.000
sacrifice. Thank you. Thank you everyone. For this wonderful session.

548
01:44:51.000 --> 01:44:52.000
Thanks.

549
01:44:52.000 --> 01:45:11.000
So this is our last session in PC 3, mine. I thank Australian sociological association and international sociological association for giving me opportunity to organize.

550
01:45:11.000 --> 01:45:28.000
4 season and chair organizations. And I thanks also TG 3 to give me a responsibility to organize such session and I have been elected as a vice president of TC 3.

551
01:45:28.000 --> 01:45:33.000
And, Dr. Benoit Jothi as a general secretary of TC 3 and Dr.

552
01:45:33.000 --> 01:45:42.000
Namatha as a present. And other members. So I, will try to make it RC.

553
01:45:42.000 --> 01:45:53.000
2 3 G 3 is in new future. Let us meet in Korea 2,027 parallel Congress of sociology.

554
01:45:53.000 --> 01:45:59.000
And then, okay, have a nice day. Have a nice years. I also thanks all the people.

555
01:45:59.000 --> 01:46:00.000
Thank you. Thank you for that question. 8, to, all sort of Okay.