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Yes, I'm all right, all right. So let us begin it. I am so Khan Joshi, the president of this Rc, so this session organizer is rus me, Jane, but the chair is Dr. Karlina Cha. Who is there?

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So please come.

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so you will just say a to what they will start.

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Huh!

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Nice welcome all the delegates and paper here.

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and the prescript of Rc. 13.

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So there are 6 papers in this season.

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you know, and 3 of them are from a remote place. Oh, 4 4 projectors are

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are an offline mode. So the team

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of this session is post happiness and well being in post Covid data. So the question we have suffered a lot during the

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Covid period, and we know what to what was the situation but after covid

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we just constructing

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all of them are very quickly to to be

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forget in bad phenomenon and reconstitute

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itself. So there is a question of happiness. Happiness is socio psychological term, you know very well, and it is, directly related to the philosophy and mindset of a people. So when the question of happiness and

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well being it is

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much interesting from sociological point of view, and also from the lege of point of view. So I

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invite

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hutch presenter with me. So hand over to President Sukanja. 3. Okay.

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Professor, as me, would you like to say a few words?

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Rashmi Jain: Thank you. Am I audible?

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Yes, yes, yes.

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Rashmi Jain: and thank you, Professor, and thank you, Professor, for beginning the session and

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Rashmi Jain: accepting our invite to share the session. And as I already said before. leisure in post pandemic time is being redefined, because the boundaries between the private and the public sphere are increasingly being blurred. So I woke up this session because we have 6 presenters. I will not

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Rashmi Jain: like to take much time, because we would like to hear what the presenters have to say, and they themselves are also getting 15 min each. So I think. Thank you. I mean, I would have loved to be in person.

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Rashmi Jain: but unfortunately.

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Rashmi Jain: something for for great me not to be in person. But the next best is to be online. So all the best for all the presenters, and over to you, Professor John.

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Alright, thank you, Rasmji. And I would request now each presenter to take about 12 min or so or 1230 min, so that we can have some question. Answer sessions. So let us begin with Abdullah

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Abdullah, introduce yourself and your co-authors. Then start.

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M.M. Abdullah Al Mamun Sony: Thank you. You can confront there and everyone for give me this wonderful opportunity to present my resource. Actually, this is as fine ongoing research here. We have 3 members in our team

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M.M. Abdullah Al Mamun Sony: past on is designed by me, I mean, that's my name is. I'm almost funny, as you know, and there are 2 other members. One is Doctor Professor Dr. Toinder, who was

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M.M. Abdullah Al Mamun Sony: from Colonel University, who are assisting us to colleague data from Bangladesh, and another one is one of the most prestigious officers that we are happy to be collaborative with name. The her name is Ruby Sian and

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M.M. Abdullah Al Mamun Sony: she is helping us to design our metrolosy and all other activities. Now, I would like to share my screen. I hope you will enjoy my presentation.

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M.M. Abdullah Al Mamun Sony: Can you see it

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M.M. Abdullah Al Mamun Sony: the up there? am I audible? I'm loud. It's needed.

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Yes.

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M.M. Abdullah Al Mamun Sony: thank you. Today I would like to present recreation scenario of Bangladesh transgender people, I mean new normal era.

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M.M. Abdullah Al Mamun Sony: you know, that's transgender. People are very socially as crucial in our society, not only in Bangladesh, but also in South Asia. So we found that this is very important to or do research on them. And in this picture you see the most, and that in the world.

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M.M. Abdullah Al Mamun Sony: And as I I mentioned already, that non-minor genders are, mostly socially excluded people, and over past few years. several scholars are paying their attention on to off hold their rights in in different manner. And we we at this point assume that that's to be

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M.M. Abdullah Al Mamun Sony: socially, included people. Our regulations is very important as light as a basic

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M.M. Abdullah Al Mamun Sony: our needs.

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M.M. Abdullah Al Mamun Sony: So we we were investigating on this point. And you know, that's due to pandemic. There are lots of situation not have things that people have been locked inside their room and their house, and there was limited movement. So they have. They have. They have some habitual chains in their character, and there are other activities. So

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M.M. Abdullah Al Mamun Sony: we thought that in the the tangent among the transgender people there must have some changes happens.

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M.M. Abdullah Al Mamun Sony: What was our motivation. Our motivation was in a line with a principle of the as in the 2030 of the United Nations that want to include all social groups in a minimum social line where each individual shall enjoy a minimum is stand out of well, being so. this was our core motivation, and from that point we found

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M.M. Abdullah Al Mamun Sony: that they, as I have already mentioned, the education scenario as a basic need, has been found very important to enhance people's health, and will be.

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M.M. Abdullah Al Mamun Sony: and adding in people's environment and in encouraging the growth of inclusive communities. And on this point our

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M.M. Abdullah Al Mamun Sony: significance of this study could be the same could be.

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M.M. Abdullah Al Mamun Sony: Since the COVID-19 pandemic has brought a significant sense in every aspect of life in ace, and is of the age and 6 groups in So the significance of this scholarship would be a new addition to academia. Who is would help policymakers to understand the ballo to these sexual minorities. in this new or developments.

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M.M. Abdullah Al Mamun Sony: now, one thing I would like to mention, that's a confusion grows among the people when we talk about transgender. Who are this transgender people? the transgender people are those people who are born with 2 6 element, or who's sexual people? Actually, this point, I would not like to.

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M.M. Abdullah Al Mamun Sony: Oh, accept that society always perceive them as homosexual. But as I I have bring this definition from

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M.M. Abdullah Al Mamun Sony:  hmm from International Sociological Association. They have also used these terms, homosexual homosexual.

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M.M. Abdullah Al Mamun Sony: But I I I would not like to appreciate this time. However. Who am I to define at this moment right now? But I I believe in a future we will able to say this. Excluding the 2 6 short term. However, if you ask me, what is our definition, then we would like to say simple. One thing.

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transgender. People are those people who born with 2 sex element.

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M.M. Abdullah Al Mamun Sony: So that's that's all from my definition.

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M.M. Abdullah Al Mamun Sony: And

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M.M. Abdullah Al Mamun Sony: and if you come to Bangladesh, you can see that's Who are these challenging that? you can see some Upna images on our skin. Here you can see there's transgender people in our city or marketplace who have must masculine attitude, wearing with blood bride colors clothed and mostly Charlie and sometimes seller.

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M.M. Abdullah Al Mamun Sony: And they're they have very unusual makeovers, you know, greatlyistic and frequently clapping and talking most of time, and they reacting. But following the some rhythm that is called It is like this.

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M.M. Abdullah Al Mamun Sony: it's like 2 loud club and one So this is their very identical feature in Bangladesh. So when you see some of this character, you can assume that. these guys are transcended.

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M.M. Abdullah Al Mamun Sony: That's our bio in Bangladesh transgender. People are legally recognized as the third gender, but still they are found socially excluded both culturally and economically, and even the politically. So you can understand the scenario or the situation for them.

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M.M. Abdullah Al Mamun Sony: The objective of our study was to explore the way of things in transgender people. recreation scenario with new normalida in Bangladesh it is, more general, obviously. And here on metrology this is study is an empirical study. And it's method is qualitative. Both we are using primary and secondary sources and our sampling, taking this part purpose, it sampling

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M.M. Abdullah Al Mamun Sony: our study area in Bangladesh, and all you would like to use to sub to us, one is nbbles for our primary data and data.

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M.M. Abdullah Al Mamun Sony: analyze this. And another is buzz beer, which we will use for our secondary sources. Analyzes. actually, we would like to use this software for our network mapping. And our le credits a review

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M.M. Abdullah Al Mamun Sony: that you can see the location of Bangladesh, I think. you will find it. if you focus on the side of India we are, we are actually a neighboring country of India. So now it is easy to find in our

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M.M. Abdullah Al Mamun Sony: for map. Yeah, it is. you can find a very clear remiss.

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M.M. Abdullah Al Mamun Sony: Let's come to our initial findings the findings of this study indicates that watching online videos are really common recreation scenario education nature found in the transgender people's community.

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M.M. Abdullah Al Mamun Sony: Besides that, go sipping with fellow members was another way of enjoying their moments they mostly feel comfortable to talk with

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M.M. Abdullah Al Mamun Sony: talk between themselves or between their fellow members, and leave in m hot considers like as soon as like a soft that they develop over

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M.M. Abdullah Al Mamun Sony: since really over she should be practicing among them. They are not feel comfortable to talk and communicate too long with those member mainstream people's. you can say.

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M.M. Abdullah Al Mamun Sony: I mean, also indicate that having a cultural program or taking part in any exports, activities were relatively absent in this gender specific groups in and the post pandemic, you know. Bangladesh. So this you can, very, very shocking thing that you know that Most of the people of them I have already mentioned they are socially excluded. But

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M.M. Abdullah Al Mamun Sony: If we able to bring them. if you want to bring them in our mainstream society, we have to ensure their from a successful engagement in different cultural and sports activities with the mainstream people. But in Bangladesh, we didn't and found any

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M.M. Abdullah Al Mamun Sony: kind of activities or any kind of experience from that from their side, and even from the political side also, or the public policy areas. Also.

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M.M. Abdullah Al Mamun Sony: though this scenario was not defined before. COVID-19, is. it's also not okay to mention. however, coming to our conclusion overall, yeah, it has been recommended to the policymakers to increase recreation facilities for these gender specific groups in order to uphold an inclusive societies as well.

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M.M. Abdullah Al Mamun Sony: here. I have, presented some our picture source most of this images I have bought from the open sources so anyone can use it.

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M.M. Abdullah Al Mamun Sony: And As I mentioned that I am in in Abdulahs on me, a doctoral student from University of the Brisbane. And

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M.M. Abdullah Al Mamun Sony: and

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M.M. Abdullah Al Mamun Sony: this all about my presentations. Thank you, please. share your opinion and questions.

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Okay, thank you. Mr. Sunny.

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Delegates are requested to have any query, or questions, or suggestion or comment

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they can. They can ask directly to the paper presenter. Mr. Solely.

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Rashmi Jain: yeah. Okay. Can I raise the query?

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yes, thank you for your presentation. Abdullah, I I think you've You've hit on something very important to us all, which is about our gender relations, which, as you say, are indeed changing and expanding and identifying in in many colors that we've not had before, or at least we've not legitimized before

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there are. There are 2 points I'd like to take up. The first one is what I consider to be an essentialism in your a notion of some sort of a biological

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aberration in gender identity. If you consult the sociological literature, you'll find that. Such a notion was debunked decades ago. So please read the sociological literature on that issue.

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The second one is some about the the use of the term them.

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you say they they what that does is separates us from them.

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When the sociological literature once again in inclusiveness, is trying to get across the point that we are we? So I'd invite you to Have a little look at that. The use of your lexicon when when you're presenting that

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the last point is about some.

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The establishment of recreational facility for gender-specific people.

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Once again, the sociological literature in legislative studies, in fact, has discussed this extensively, and the overall finding is that

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Such

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specific style of of

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of enabling in infrastructure for recreation, is also alienating. In other words, it's making the problem even worse by ghettoizing people in a particular place. They are no longer we. They are just they.

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So I think you've got some really fundamental challenges to work through.

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But you know, you've got some data there, and I would advocate

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to go back and have a look at that literature, reorganize your thinking about society relationships with transcendent peoples.

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And then, after that, approach your data, and you might see some different things that you hadn't thought of before.

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That's my comment.

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M.M. Abdullah Al Mamun Sony: thank you. Thank you. here I am really grateful about your comments. And definitely, I will follow your position because, we are. this is our ongoing research. So

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M.M. Abdullah Al Mamun Sony: definitely, we have some scope to improve our self. And I I really believe that. if we haven't to integrate with this ideas our research will be a more must be following the society. Thank you. Thank you again.

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Anybody else. Yeah.

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thank you for this wonderful presentation. I'm Smitha Chakraborti, though, firstly, I have to make sure that this is not my field. like this is not my area. I'm completely nervous about it, but there is just one phrase that I noticed which. I I'm just sharing with it with you, because I've had you know, participated in other conferences. And I've you know, came across this issue. So that's why I'm just sharing it with you. You can, of course, check it up.

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That is, I think if I'm not wrong in Slide Number 8 or 7 or 8, most probably 8 you had mentioned about this. There's this particular phrase called unusual makeup.

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So what is unusual to you might not be, I mean, unusual to me. What is unusual to me might not be unusual to you, so this entire phrase is a a bit complicated. So if you can kindly look up to it because I have just you know. I have heard these comments. I've heard these debates, so I just wanted to share it with you, too, and that is just the thing that I wanted to say that, you know, or tagging them as

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unusual, or the makeover like, you know, like I'm dressing up right now, whatever I've dressed up right now, people can't say it's unusual. So you know a usual unusual. Who are we to debate about that. So if you can, just to this is just a small comment, help like, and I'm not the you know the you know in in. I mean, I'm not the head of it. So you are the best judge to decide. Thank you so much.

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Okay, next, anybody.

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Okay, thank you. And up first. You give the answer.

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M.M. Abdullah Al Mamun Sony: Well, thank you. Ms, it's been to talk about this. This is very, very important point that you raise that to this way we are actually stepping them. Aside from our society. I I really appreciate with you. But actually, this I need. Your term is from the mainstream point of view, because because you can see that already in your skin that's and their dress up looks like as a

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M.M. Abdullah Al Mamun Sony: female, but in most of the females in our country we are not like used to do this make over. So that's is very unusual from mainstream point of view. Definitely, it is not from the transgender. It is definitely user from their their point of view. And we have to appreciate your point again.

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M.M. Abdullah Al Mamun Sony: and we'll definitely think about it. But these definitions, these you things are already exist in our Academia, as I found in defined literature. So thank you for raising this point again. I would like to. oh, there is a critic on on these issues. Thank you for opening a new door.

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Thank you, Mr. Sony. Now I would like to invite Nie Buns to present her paper.

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M.M. Abdullah Al Mamun Sony: Thank you.

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Nigeria buns.

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Nidhi Bansal, India: I'm just presenting my screen.

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Nidhi Bansal, India: and good morning here. Then again, good afternoon. They're in Melbourne. I I'm really thankful for to I think International Sociological Association and Session organize the transaction chair for giving me this opportunity to present my work.

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Nidhi Bansal, India: I'm Dr. Nadi, assistant professor in Sociology at the Department of Humanities and Social Sciences at Malware National Institute of Technology, India.

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Nidhi Bansal, India: So can I share my screen

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Nidhi Bansal, India: before I begin my presentation?

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Nidhi Bansal, India: Is it visible to everyone.

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Yes.

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Nidhi Bansal, India: okay, thank you.

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Nidhi Bansal, India: Okay. So

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Nidhi Bansal, India: today, I'm here to present an important study that is titled

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Nidhi Bansal, India: relation between leisure and social activities, participation and perceived life satisfaction on the elderly evidences from longitudinal aging study. In India.

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Nidhi Bansal, India: As the elderly population continues to go grow worldwide, it becomes imperative

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Nidhi Bansal, India: for us to delve deeper into their well-being and explore the factors that contribute to their overall life satisfaction by examining the specific impact of various leisure activities. Our goal is to provide valuable insight that can help shape interventions and policies to enhance the well-being of our elderly population.

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Nidhi Bansal, India: The number of elderly is growing steadily in India as well. According to census data

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Nidhi Bansal, India: of 2,011, the elderly population in India stood at 103 million people.

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Nidhi Bansal, India: and the projections indicate that there will be a substantial surge which will reach to the estimation of 319 billion by the year 2,050.

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Nidhi Bansal, India: This study basically highlights the importance of understanding factors that influence life satisfaction among the elderly.

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Nidhi Bansal, India: promoting, healthy aging, and aiming to enhance life satisfaction among elderly is not solely a matter of economic viability, but indeed a fundamental necessity to cultivate a robust and thriving society.

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Nidhi Bansal, India: Various several studies have identified a number of factors that affect the level of life satisfaction among elderly.

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Nidhi Bansal, India: like

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Nidhi Bansal, India: health data, economic status leader activities and social participation.

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Nidhi Bansal, India: social relationships, living arrangements.

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Nidhi Bansal, India: use of computers and other devices. technology.

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Nidhi Bansal, India: employment status and demographic characters.

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Nidhi Bansal, India: This present study emphasizes that life satisfaction directly affects the overall well, being of the elderly, including mental health and social connectedness.

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Nidhi Bansal, India: The research identifies a gap in Indian literature regarding the association between leisure activities and life sets section among the led elderly. It emphasizes that the studies primarily exist in this domain focus on medical and health care aspects which.

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Nidhi Bansal, India: or neglecting the role of leisure activities overall in the well being of elderly. So the study aims to address this gap by investigating the association between out both social and indoor leisure activities and on the life satisfaction of elderly people

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Nidhi Bansal, India: in India.

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Nidhi Bansal, India: The methodology of this study is based on the way one data or longitudinal eating study in India, which is a nationally representative survey of older adults.

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Nidhi Bansal, India: aged 45 to number. It has surveyed, covering approximately 73,000 older adults from across the India, excluding one

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Nidhi Bansal, India: The study focuses on the life satisfaction at the outcome, variable.

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Nidhi Bansal, India: measured through 5 statements related to overall life evaluation which, at least in the subway, the responses were collected on a 7 category scale.

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Nidhi Bansal, India: The predictor variable for this study includes demographic, social and economic factors, such as age, gender, marital status, place of residence, caste, religion, and wealth. Quentin.

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Nidhi Bansal, India: Additionally, leisure activities were categorized into outdoor social, and in both. with the frequency participation assessed in 3 candidates.

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Nidhi Bansal, India: The data from Lasi provides a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing life satisfaction among older adults in India.

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Nidhi Bansal, India: I have tried to accommodate these tables into these slides. So here with me, please

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Nidhi Bansal, India: I would still compliment reading through those tables. With my with my description, the study population represents a diverse sample characterized by various demographic.

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Nidhi Bansal, India: The majority of respondents, as we can see reside in rural area while a significant portion resides in urban areas. Gender distribution is relatively balanced with a slightly higher representation of females. Current maritime status repeating a majority of married individuals, followed by a road respondents.

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Nidhi Bansal, India: Religion exhibits a predominantly Hindu population with notable Muslims and Christian minorities.

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Nidhi Bansal, India: The sample includes individuals from different fast categories as well, where significant proportion belonging to other backward

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Nidhi Bansal, India: educational levels, where I, arranging from no schooling to completion of 10 or more years of education

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Nidhi Bansal, India: work stables show a mix of currently employed previously employed, and those who have never worked

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Nidhi Bansal, India: the distribution of monthly per capita expenditure quenti indicates the diverse economic backgrounds within the Sam

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Nidhi Bansal, India: overall the study population encompasses a wide range of characteristics, allowing

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Nidhi Bansal, India: the comprehensive analysis, and

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Nidhi Bansal, India: the result here provides an insight into the distribution of elderly individuals across different life. Satisfaction level based on the background. Characteristic

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Nidhi Bansal, India: urban area had a higher percentage of elderly individual with 5 live satisfaction compared to rural area.

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Nidhi Bansal, India: female has a slightly higher share of individuals with high life, satisfaction, high life, satisfaction compared to me.

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Nidhi Bansal, India: Currently married individuals exhibited a higher proportion of high life satisfaction compared to those and others.

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Nidhi Bansal, India: But the more elderly individuals with 10 or more years of education completed.

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Nidhi Bansal, India: show the highest percentage of life that highlights inspection. These findings indicate the potential impact of age, residence, gender, myital status and education on the life satisfaction of the elderly property.

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Nidhi Bansal, India: Here the findings. Students get after participation in outdoor activities.

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Nidhi Bansal, India: regular engagement in social interaction and consistent involvement in certain outdoor activities such as outdoor activities and endure activities such as reading, watching, television using a computer may contribute positively to the life satisfaction levels of elderly individuals

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Nidhi Bansal, India: overall. The analysis reveals significant differentials and participation rates across leisure activities based on various background characteristics among the elderly population.

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Nidhi Bansal, India: These findings highlight the influence of factors such as residents and the rural people. there is lower percentage of people who have high life satisfaction as compared to the urban one education. Those who are highly educated fee higher life, subsection work status, those who have been working and have been in work.

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Nidhi Bansal, India: Then the title status, those who are married currently living arrangements, those who are living with their children. A religion?

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Nidhi Bansal, India: not much, but it's still a little bit of it cast education, work, status and economic status on the engagement of elderly individuals and different leaders. So we can see over here that how different factors have an impact or wearing on the per seat set perceived life satisfaction levels amongst the elderly populations of India. That's a

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Nidhi Bansal, India: for sample. So we can see that.

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Nidhi Bansal, India: So this is the relative risk ratio tabulated. And here we can see that when calculated. this an RRR value that is the relative risk ratio greater than one indicates an increase likelihood of an elderly.

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Nidhi Bansal, India: that is, perceive life satisfaction as medium or higher. So the analysis also decreased that participating in outdoor gain sports exercise. Yoga at least once a week is significantly associated with higher likelihood of reporting low versus media like levels of life satisfaction. That means there are increased likelihood that they will have higher

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Nidhi Bansal, India: life satisfaction. One of the most several studies laser activities, such as visiting relatives, friends attending cultural performances, shows the name of reading folks watching television at least once a week are significantly associated with higher likelihood of reporting

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Nidhi Bansal, India: low verses medium levels of high life satisfaction. So this thing, a positive relationship so overall the multinomial regulation analysis indicates the The frequency of participation and specific leisure activities among elderly is associated with their perceived level for

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Nidhi Bansal, India: life satisfaction engaging in various activities at least once a week is positively linked to higher levels of life satisfaction, on the other hand, other activities like not participating in such activities is it's showing the likelihood that they will achieve. they will perceive lower life satisfaction methods.

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Nidhi Bansal, India: So to conclude, majority of the respondents

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Nidhi Bansal, India: decided in rural areas. 2 third of the whole sample, largest proportion of respondents were currently married.

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Nidhi Bansal, India: apart from that. A significant proportion of respondents had no formal school accounting for more than half of them, and majority were not currently working, but had worked in past relatively balanced distribution of respondents was found across different income contacts.

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Nidhi Bansal, India: distribution of elderly across life satisfaction levels. So only elderly individuals who are toward having a loan at most schooling belong to it will actually do. Cast from schedule drive, cast categories, and those who belong to poorer, and who are well want to have

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Nidhi Bansal, India: significantly lower level for satisfaction.

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Nidhi Bansal, India: Different than participation rate across leisure activities. Rural individuals show lower participation rate compared to their outcome. The words, in all 3 categories males exhibited higher participation rates as compared to the premiums currently, marriage individuals demonstrated higher participation rates as compared to the video or other getting these

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Nidhi Bansal, India: and living arrangements. the religion cast education, level works, status and economic status also showed variations in participation rates

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Nidhi Bansal, India: so engaging in and outdoor activities, such as within parks, beaches, and other things, was associated with the significantly higher proportion of individuals experiencing higher life satisfaction, regular engagement and endowed activities

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Nidhi Bansal, India: most linked to a higher likelihood of experiencing high life satisfaction and participating in

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Nidhi Bansal, India: social or socializing activity, did not show a very significant association with the life satisfaction.

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Nidhi Bansal, India: So, after concluding that there are a number of factors which contribute to achievement of high life satisfaction, there are a few recommendations on that basis. there is a need to increase awareness about the importance of leisure activities and among the elderly population in India. And we can conduct a number of activities to highlight the benefits of of engaging in

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Nidhi Bansal, India: leisure activities in all 3 domains date out over Indo or social

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Nidhi Bansal, India: diversify. We just activate the options. there is a need to provide a diverse range of major activity options according to the interest preferences needs. And you know.

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Nidhi Bansal, India: in terms of acceptability. So offering, those options will be ensuring that individuals have a variety of choices so that they can plan and

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Nidhi Bansal, India: organize their leisure time according

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Nidhi Bansal, India: creating accessible and inclusive spaces. since we know that there is, there are certain mobility issues, and there are places which needs to be more accessible and inclusive to enable elderly people to have access to those places and use those places for their leader time, activity

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Nidhi Bansal, India: and create social interaction. So there is a need to foster social connections and create support system. social interaction among the elderly organized group activities, social events and workflops that encourage me to appear interaction and provide platforms to foster and develop friendships and support networks.

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Nidhi Bansal, India: This can be achieved through collaborations with community organizations and other centers and government initiatives can all be taken

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Nidhi Bansal, India: facilitate intergenerational programs so encourage into the intergenerational programs and activities that bring together different groups, promote interaction between the elderly and younger

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Nidhi Bansal, India: generations for initiatives such as measuring programs join the events, community service projects that can really help them to come forward and just participate.

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Nidhi Bansal, India: So it is important to consider the cultural, regional, social market diversity within India, while implementing these recommendations additionally for the research and evaluation would be conducted to assess the effectiveness and impact of specific leisure activities and interventions. For on the life satisfaction of Indian elderly.

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Nidhi Bansal, India: this is, briefly, I would like to mention the study limitations because study limitation, because, this, the data used for the the the present analysis, of course, was cross-sectional limiting the ability to establish calls, a relationship with participation in life satisfaction. So longitudinal studies can be can be designed and executed to examine the long term effects of sustain engagement in major activities.

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Nidhi Bansal, India: And it's impact on the wellbeing. Additionally, the study focuses on a specific game data. So multiple because it is one of its first kind of data which has been connected in India over the very nationally representative sample. So other further waves which are which are planned ahead to support the policy, implementation and designing. So those data can also be taken into consideration to

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Nidhi Bansal, India: design and to understand this relationship of engagement and leisure activity than a life satisfaction.

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Nidhi Bansal, India: So thank you so much for your attention. I'm looking forward to your

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Nidhi Bansal, India: comments and suggestions.

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Thank you for a nice presentation no hostage of in for discussion. You can ask

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anybody.

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So okay.

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I always have one. There's always at least one

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nitty. I I I thoroughly enjoyed. the selection of your topic. I do believe it's among the top 3 pressing issues for sociologists to grapple with.

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we're not only looking at changing infrastructure. But we're looking at changing relationships. How it is that we think about aging as a part of ourselves, not just a part of somebody else those who are aging.

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I I appreciate that the work is in its initial stages, and and you and you've done some descriptive work with proportions of things people do, and such

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 I'd invite you to think about a sociological approach. Now, when I say that I mean The meaning of agent of of aging is so far missing in your work, and I'm sure you're moving on to that

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one direction to

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 enhance the the work you've done with some good interpretation

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is to have a look at Stephen Katz.

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P. H. E. N.

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Kat Katz.

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Yeah, you'll find he's probably one of the world's former scholars on the meaning of aging

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globally.

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and you'll find his work located in what's called the governmentality literature, which is primarily frustrating. And what it's about is looking into the ways in which we think about agent

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as social property, not just some idea of an individual. If you, if you look at Professor Katz's work.

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you'll also find a very interesting approach to the idea of aging that is not necessarily related to how many years we've lived.

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So you'll see a a a major. If you read that literature you will. Lights will go on like this. It'll be wonderful for you, I'm sure, but I think you know that style of approach to interpret this

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would enable a papers like a paper like yours to come into the International Journal. So you know. I think it's an important step to engage with the sociological literature.

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and you know, in terms of studies of what people do and the time and all that sort of thing. It's been done for about 50 years.

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Okay, so there's a lot of it. It's not new. There is. There is lots out there, there's not nothing.

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but, you know, putting things in context where you are now is fine. You just need to do some in Turk. What does it mean, apart from. We need more buildings for them, and nice ramps and things like that, and the notion of them once again is alienating and isolating.

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You know I'd invite a change in discourse, a change in language. to speak of us as we. We are our elderly.

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we are our youth together. That is

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the context of living in a social place.

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We are each other.

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And you know, if you, if you could

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turn that switch. have a look at Stephen Katz's work. I think you're on to a good agenda in India, and if there's no Indian research on this, then you need to build it.

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Thank you for your presentations. Good lady, please

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Nidhi Bansal, India: thank you so much, sir, for your inputs. I'll definitely will look into the works of Steve and Jed, and also, very nicely. we are bringing in the full idea of inclusivity in the debate, because, when we are trying to be more and more inclusive.

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Nidhi Bansal, India: you know, as we are focusing on that, we should work as we. And we should refer to ourselves as we. On the other hand, when we look at different stages or different groups having a certain kind of

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Nidhi Bansal, India: contextuality and the way they they differ from other groups as so, while by referring to their specific needs, or maybe their specific perspectives around something All to go with with being more inclusive in that context is is a is a part of the

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Nidhi Bansal, India: okay. Thank you. Anybody.

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Okay.

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so briefly, our.

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my question is very brief and very quick. Why do you think the Christians

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spent more time in leisure activities and not other religions.

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Nidhi Bansal, India: Okay.

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Nidhi Bansal, India:  maybe this is what is reflecting into the data. We have not been able to go for a deeper analysis in terms of qualitative study which can investigate into that. Why, a certain group is responding in in a certain manner, so that might be a limitation of my present study that we have gone through the comprehensive data which is available. according to this lazi report.

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Nidhi Bansal, India: so we have not been able to dare deeper into it.

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Nidhi Bansal, India: through a qualitative study, which is, which is that it further requirement, because there are certain ways in which we could see that certain groups for certain demographic characteristics have impacted the levels of life satisfaction amongst elderly. So we could, you know, look deeper into it through more qualitative studies. so that we can answer such questions.

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Thank you, Media, all the best.

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Nidhi Bansal, India: I hope it answers your question, and that I'm so sorry. I yeah. thank you.

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I would like to call who

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we can start to share our screen.

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So should I stand here. you can just stand here and use this. Mac.

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this is yeah. Of course

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this is.

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you can use it. You can do this.

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It's not lucky.

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Yes.

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so good afternoon, everyone.

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I am Chin Yu, and the the second one is my tutor, Huymay Lil. Today we came from Jersey University, China, and today our presentation is about residence in digital leisure in the post COVID-19 era, a case study of red application in China.

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so my presentation will have 4 parts. First, I would like to introduce what is Fred application and versus theory of resonance to you, and the second part, I'd like to illustrate alienation and resonance phenomena in the use of red for leisure.

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So what is red?

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These are 3 different interfaces of red.

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I'd like to show you the developing stage of red. At first. in 2,013. It was just a simple Pdf version, guide of shopping in foreign countries.

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and one year later it was formed as a former shopping guide application, providing information for overseas shopping users.

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and in 2,015 the company tried to build a crossbow e-commerce platform. But 2 years late. It seems that this was failed because of the fierce competition in China, and the company just went back to build a shocking decision platform, but they still try to be To build a combination of e-commerce and social media platform in China.

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But it seems that their commercial plan is not always so successful, however, in 2,019 the pandemic just came. So people who cannot go out of their houses they just choose

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digital lash as their main lecture activity. So that's the reason the users of this application are boosting all the time, and it has become a main lifestyle platform or everyday life-sharing platform, especially for young females in China.

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So you can see this application as a combination of Youtube trip. Advisor, Instagram and Amazon together. And you can use this application to

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do some to write some long articles. You can see some videos, photos, livestream, and some products on that. And it has more than 300 million users similar to the users of Tweet, and about 90% of its users have female. So we can say that today's surfing of Red has become one of the most prevalent digital-age activities among Chinese youth.

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And then I'd like to introduce Raisin's theory of resonance. Had to Matthews. Very. There was a German theorist on social criticism, and he is one of the leaders of Frankfurt. At present his research is based on one question. That is how to own good life.

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So first he asked, why the life is not so good today? And he proposed the theory of acceleration, and he thought it is because alienation of modern life that we cannot have a good life, and then he asks how to make life good.

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and he proposed a second theory, which is the theory of resonance, and he thought resonance might be a possible solution to alienation.

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So what is resonance and alienation? He thought. These are 2 different kinds of relationships between the subject and the world. Resonance means a relationship where the subject and the world lesson, reply, influence, and convert to each other.

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It is a relationship opposite to alienation and alienation means the subject and the world confront with each other in in differences, hostility, and silence. It means a relationship without relations.

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and he prepares the the concept of access of resonance, which means space, where the subject and the world generate

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a resonance, and he divided them into 3 different kinds.

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The first is a vertical axis, which means our relationship to life, existence, and the world as a whole, and you can see this kind of axis in art, history, and religion. The second is horizontal axis, which is our social relations, such as friendship, love, and political relations, and the third one is diagonal axis, which is our relationship to the world of things, of materials.

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And you can see that in wear consumption and education. And then I'd like to illustrate some alienation phenomena in the use of red for leisure.

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First.

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this is what I want to talk about is commercial leisure.

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Red has been a shopping guide or e-commerce platform, so it persuades us to be more beautiful and attractive with delicate cosmetics, outfits, or luxuries, so now that in social media lexia activity has become kind of activity, of consumption.

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So I'd like to ask, why are modern people so keen on consumption? To reset? His answer is what we are buying is a promise of resonance. That's why shopping can be found.

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and he illustrates question through different 4 different aspects

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from the consumer. Through purchasing, we make part of the world our own. The more we buy, the more world we appropriate, or we take from commodity the things we purchase.

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Do give us a promise of resonance, and this is the reason why shopping is so fun. and when it comes to advertisement.

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while your self-resonance is the increasing serene of nearly all advertising campaigns, and allows you to sell us. They try to respond as quickly and accurately as possible to consumers, wishes and desires and illicit resonance with their products. That does not also happen on red.

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That is, also

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we can see this in the who capitalized commodities economy. It has become a giant, highly sensitive resonance system. However. this is no longer true resonance about a resonance crisis.

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And here I'd like to talk about subject alienation in the box. You can see this is the system red used to feed will feed us with different kinds of posts, and our posts can be seen by different people.

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So here sophisticated algorithm creates hyper-relevant, personalized feeds, making accurate analysis, judgment forecast offers. It is the application that ourselves are telling us what interests us and what we want to have.

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It takes over from us what's rules are called identity negotiation, which means the task of answering the question of who we are and how we are. We listen to the sound from algorithm passively. Only one side of the resonance access is speaking, I mean the application, while the other side is silent, which is our which are ourselves. Thus the access is going to collapse.

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and then I'd like to illustrate some resonance phenomena in the use of red. As for

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here you can see some screenshots of red.

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And the first, I'd like to say, red has been an online encyclopedia for leisure in and after the pandemic

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you can see there are some medicines here. They are posted by by some doctors. They are interested writing some medical instructions for for others. So they just

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wrote those posts and the other users of Red, the some of them they got Coronavirus during the pandemic, and their symptoms are not so severe, so they just do not want to go to the hospital, and they will search this on bread and see what kind of medicine they should take.

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This has happened during the pandemic, and after the pandemic

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we can go to Australia, and you can see a lot of pants about traveling and some other life activities on Red before I come here I was really afraid that I might get lost

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in album, so I just search how to take a bus here, and I'm wondering if I fly from China to Melbourne, which side of aeroplane I should sit if I want to see the sunrise of the sunset. So I just ask this all right, and the others will share their experiences of traveling in this city. And this is not just the information. These are their stories, and we are communicate about some interesting stories

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which is really which is really interesting. And I really love this kind of leisure activity.

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So here you can see that red has conducts online leisure and offline leisure, and it has become a combination of

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leisure, of sub cyberspace and the reality. The second is red, has become kind of mutual aid platform and

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provide some charitable national activities to us.

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Here you can see some screenshot of read. The first one is about an old man. He was yield, but he cannot afford the treatment used in the hospital, so he just left in a doctor who spotted this felt really sorry, and she just pasted this on red.

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So the other people in this city they just saw this post, so they try to keep in touch with this old man and provide a various help to him. This is the same with the second one. I will talk about it. The and the third one is a little girl who cut off her long hair and denoted this to some other children who got cancer

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to make a week. I myself also see this on red and the top part in this activity before I came to Melbourne. I I have long have, and now it's short. And I really like to take part in this kind of activities and see things on red. This is also kind of leisure to me.

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In the third is a red, has become Tree House for its users. The first one is a mother. She lost her one year old daughter because of Coronavirus.

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and she was really heartbroken. The second one is also a woman. She was pregnant.

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but she thought she found her husband

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was disloyal to her, and had some affairs with another woman, and she was really shocked.

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But they cannot share this kind of secrets to their friends in the reality. So they just

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share this kind of secrets on Red, because here nobody knows who you are. Oh, some people. They just change in their name into Momo. They are countless more mode on red, because here is a tree hell, and we just don't want the others to know who we are.

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So here you can see people. They have

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okay.

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time loses.

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So here you can see those people they have sinking to watch. For example, black is melancholy, their resonance access with the hail has broken. But what is lucky?

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And there are some other people. They will share their own experiences of losing the beloved one.

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With those people, and they support each other, they console each other on red. And this is what I love this. This is the reason I love this platform, and here you can see, this platform is decentralized, so everyone, not only in the celebrities can be seen on this application. What have the advertised and not only commodities, but public benefit and charity activities.

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and there is a kind of friendly encounter with other users on red that open up an axis of resonance that moves along the boundary between friendship and love.

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And another thing I'd like to share is the family resources. There are more than 30% of its users a red family.

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and that is the reason some users will say, that's why I love this application. Because there, there is no man here. And to Rosa

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family relationships to the world tend to be seen as more resonant, and we are trying to look for a world which is more nourishing and a warming just like red and cinema, also said that women have particular organ subception and empathy which would be capable of bringing for new cultural achievements. I suppose that is the reason why we like using red foration in this day and age.

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At last I'd like to conclude my presentation. As you can see, the company try to be read as a shopping guide or e-commerce platform, while based on the user's session, needs it gradually become online encyclopedia, mutual aid platform and tree host. It shares the digital leisure constraint. On one hand, the digital has been alienated as a commodity.

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Well, on the other hand, through leisure we build resonance axes, and on good life. So my question is, which site is the future of digital leisure?

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Maybe we can find the answer through the relationship with the world. Just as Rosa said, the relation between resonance and alienation is not simply oppositional, but ultimately dialectical. So instead, the way we can regard digital leisure, constraint, or the future of digitization in the following stage.

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So that is my presentation. Thank you for your listener.

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Very nice. You have presented in detail very extensive work. Thank you.

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Now, anybody is interested to ask.

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yeah, yeah, anybody is interested to ask questions. I just got one comment. I think it's brilliant.

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I think it's innovative. I think it's fresh. I think you should send it to the International Journal immediately.

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Yeah.

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recommend me to them. I will really.

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So. The the last point which you made is digitalization of ledger one becomes a little eliminated

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distance. How and why? Why? I'm not.

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I am not eliminated. For example. I mean, this is what I'm thinking.

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because we have lived in this digitalization of ledger in the past 3 years now.

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So it is very early to conclude like this? I think so.

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No, Ellen, from where? From? From the offline ledger.

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Then

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silence

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almost.

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And that's a

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okay. Okay.

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Please connect to online.

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Yes, Anuja Jane is on line.

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Can you hear me?

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Anuja Jain: Yes, so you are audible.

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Okay, so you can present your paper and your time is 12 min.

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Anuja Jain: all right, so so shall I share my presentation.

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Yes.

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Anuja Jain: is it visible?

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Yes.

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yes, visible.

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Anuja Jain: Good morning, and number 3 to all. My, said Dr. Anuja Jane working as an assistant professor in Department of Sociology, University of Rajasthan Japle. I'm profusely elated that I have been given opportunity to present my paper, entitled 250

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Anuja Jain: reinvigorating happiness of leisure. In Covid times. The theme of this session is happiness in post pandemic era, a global perspective. And I have tried in my paper to focus on how the entire Covid sojourn has taught that many times surprisingly challenging events can really help people discover happiness if they approach in a proper way and with a positive outlook.

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Anuja Jain: There have been numerous tragedies that have caused human race suffering. COVID-19. As we witnessed its heinous repercussions is frequently compared to those calamities that decimated a substantial portion of human population, and left a trail of pain in people's personal lives. In the past.

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Anuja Jain: It had presented threat to all, and has eroded the roots of our society.

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Anuja Jain: The normal Coronavirus has unleashed an unprecedented pandemic wave that has destroyed nations from the inside out and tiptoeing the human species entire, be of life closed to collapse

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Anuja Jain: the severity of its catastrophic effects, which include trade and commerce, instructions, psychological ribs, imbalances among people, and a looming sense of desperency that today's societies struggle with

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Anuja Jain: it has touched all the aspects of a life not just science and technology, but politics, economics, psychology, and many more.

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Anuja Jain: We felt so timid and powerless in front of Nature's wrath as it gave our lives a mirror, a major fragility.

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Anuja Jain: Corona had wrapped the whole world in its trap

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Anuja Jain: as we were logged in our own homes, where the environment was at its peak, animals become at ease on the street and highways trees yawned since they had less work to perform today, and the air became cleaner.

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Anuja Jain: In fact, it was the time when the Flora and Pona were in full blue.

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Anuja Jain: though COVID-19 will always be remembered as the deadliest pandemic which has believed many lives over with the world. It has also brought us together

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Anuja Jain: beyond boundaries of nation and colors. We have discovered a new value of life through a shared pain.

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Anuja Jain: If we remember Covid times where everything got locked, we were stuck in our homes at initial time. It was okay, but with time it got destructive to our mind and body.

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Anuja Jain: while the majority of working population was initially content to work from home, enjoying the much desired free time, the absence of human contact or social interactions, the inability to go outside for recreation. The requirements that families live together had all impact on people.

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Anuja Jain: The concept of Home, Sweet Home turned into imprisonment, never imagined that colorful, beautiful life will take all of us in monochrome mode.

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Anuja Jain: pre-covid time. We all took indolent pleasure in a free time, through social networking, visiting trains, relatives crowding the streets with the intention of having one in mine strolling around the stores in the market. 200

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Anuja Jain: shopping by Arkansas and departmental stores, frolicking in various locations are just a few examples.

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Anuja Jain: leisure which involves the substitution of a preferred activity that provides diversion and pleasure by satisfying strongly internalized values and sentiments in a situation free of everyday pressures, of social obligations

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Anuja Jain: prior to pandemic leisure activities included social networking time spent with friends and family visiting tourist attractions to name a few. However, all of these leisure activities have been changed by the pandemic.

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Anuja Jain: It creates several effects on the ways in which societies operate their daily lives and how people spend leisure time.

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Anuja Jain: The epidemic also brought about changes in tele working culture as well as technology and society. The effective application of technology has increased our expectations and way of life as well as a shared and revolution.

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Anuja Jain: A numerous of writers have observed that leisure affords people time and space to relax and rick bridge from the stress and fatigue of daily activities. It offers a opportunities to express individuality and to be creative, and it provides an important context for social network to be established and maintained.

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Anuja Jain: Indeed, leisure is also seen as an avenue for the promotion of health through psychological benefits associated with enjoyable leisure, activity and sociability.

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Anuja Jain: However global pandemic restricted all these leisure activities.

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Anuja Jain: keeping in mind all the thematic issues about challenges faced by people in covid times I would here try to discuss some major areas that changed an affected leisure

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Anuja Jain: despite of restricted leisure activities. One must not forget this tumultuous virus helped us in many ways.

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Anuja Jain: It let people spend time with near and dear ones.

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Anuja Jain: It helped each one of us to reframe past.

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Anuja Jain: evaluate priorities and self explore capabilities. This pandemic made people peep within themselves and find and try to recall where they were triggered, and when they turned blind eye to certain things.

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Anuja Jain: Secondly, people started doing activities which they have been craving so long.

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Anuja Jain: This practice help them in making their lives unstressed, and cultivate good thoughts.

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Anuja Jain: Thirdly, boredom inspired individual to unveil their creativity on a global scale. The masters have engaged in variety of pleasure activities while facing the stresses of lockdown

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Anuja Jain: portly. We are all very well acquainted with the fact that one cannot think when love well and sleep well. If one has not dined well, we all know that with the advent of press trolls. We all try to get some time out of our busy schedules for having outside food in a leisure time, but COVID-19 head to say goodbye to outside food and switch back to pious food.

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Anuja Jain: It urged all of us to live healthy life by exercising religiously eating nourished food, quitting bad habits.

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Anuja Jain: since all over the blow people were stuck inside home, which made them have nourished and nutritional food, ensuring healthy life.

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Anuja Jain: Though this unprecedented disaster, let us remain shut indoors, paused our lives button. But now we are given an opportunity to stitch a new garment, one that fits all humanity and nature.

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Anuja Jain: In this pandemic.

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Anuja Jain: We have learned that happiness is transient, and that we must protect any source of gladness at all costs.

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Anuja Jain: The covid experience changes the way we perceive current life.

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Anuja Jain: Simple things began to bring people joy.

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Anuja Jain: For instance, if someone was pre cautiously occupied with catching painting, they would still enjoy demonstrating their skills in a modest work of art, because it made them feel incredibly happy.

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Anuja Jain: Now pristine here became in high demand, and terraces turned into the happiest places to hang out at home

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Anuja Jain: at sundown. Exercising daily, is now only enjoyed by people in leisure time.

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Anuja Jain: enjoying evening time, when the sun paints the sky, ping purple and blue are the moments of happiness in leisure time.

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Anuja Jain: Addiction to fashion. Obsessed clothes fades away, and it's beating now. During pajamas and T-shirts gives happiness. The most people began to find delight in everyday rituals, like extended conversations in the dining room, watching old films which help to normalize happiness. A little supper with poor friends looks. Special

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Anuja Jain: people are now made joyful by all these things and discover bliss. Paradise.

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Anuja Jain: The pandemic has opened everyone's eyes to the potential harm that a tiny invisible virus might cause to people. It marked a turning point in human history. Indeed, the access of interruptions taught us some of the most valuable and significant lessons in life.

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Anuja Jain: We were barely holding a breath when Covid spread like wildfire, and it made us realize that only things necessary for survival and growth, the so called requirements of existence, working air, sober and healthy lifestyle.

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Anuja Jain: though such kind of isolation may have decided others from giving hug and comforting pat on your back.

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Anuja Jain: Yet it gave us lessons for life. That breeding and walking in fresh and pre-ear is just the biggest leisure and treasure of life.

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Anuja Jain: Concludingly it can be said that happiness is not just a big jolt of joy from thrill rides at amusement paths or getting latest gadgets and games. It is also unpacked in small doses of laughter, with loved ones, doing what you love the most, snaggling with loved ones on Sunday mornings, enjoying press share of treasurers, etc.

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Anuja Jain: Baggage of happiness in new normal. Firstly, happiness live in exhibiting positive emotions.

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Anuja Jain: such feelings as joy, curiosity, love, etc. Focusing on more of these joyful events, is crucial on creating more than ever, because so much of life is beyond our control.

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Anuja Jain: Secondly, happiness is finding renewable in nature.

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Anuja Jain: There have been a lot of certain uncertainty. Yet happiness is something nothing should put a hold to. Spending time in nature can bring you happiness, since it renews your mind, body, and spirit.

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Anuja Jain: Happiness is exploring own creativity, being the best version of one cell.

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Anuja Jain: Yes, sir, it I'll just conclude in 1 min.

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Anuja Jain: So I believe, as we can see in the presentation that these things all strunk together, it brings happiness of leisure, and we need to decide in our first way of happiness what we want to, and need to carry with us. It just requires sharing, hearing, and loving your near and dear once. Thank you so much, all for listening so patiently.

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Thank you very much.

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Any question would you like to ask directly? You can ask direct question.

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No observations?

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Well, I don't observe. Well. it's all good, and it looks so serene on top of the iceberg. What

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from a public health and a health sociologist's perspective

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you mentioned about healthy life and sober life which has been promoted throughout the pandemic.

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Interestingly, the global burden of disease study, conducted in 2,021 highlighted that nearly 200 million people have experienced mental disorder during the Covid.

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and half of them, which is nearly 100 million people in India have suffered from depressive and anxiety disorder. So how does it affect the laser activities during the it in Covid?

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Hello, Pop-saharan, Japanese respond.

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Anuja Jain: yes, sir, I believe. when we talk in terms of a healthy life. I was.

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Anuja Jain: basically, I wanted to say that we have started doing yoga meditation, and we have switched to a pious school rather than going to restaurants. So by that way, I believe that we have started leading a healthy life.

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But, Dr. Anuja, this is only analysis of a success. Stories, isn't it.

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Anuja?

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Anuja Jain: Actually based on the observations

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and in a detail based on the observation of success stories.

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But there are wha what he said is something you know a lot of Ngi T. This and that. He only said this. I mean, there are 2 2 aspects. There are 2 aspects. Is it definitely, Lisa. It had impacted because the anxiety level has increased mental disorders. They have also increased. I agree with that. Yes, yes. But so far. okay, thank you so much. Right. Thank you very much.

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So we move on to the last paper. So I would like to request a Professor Chakrabari to to to project her paper. And very, okay, okay.

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work.

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We use.

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 yes, I think I'm audible

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to a certain extent. Okay.

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To begin with.

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to begin with, I'd want to address a comment made in response to me for one of the questions my respondent said, the pandemic, has taken away a lot from us. The ultimate Monet Shanthi, or, as we call it, internal peace or subjective. Well being that a religious belief brings us, gives us strength to persevere through the current crisis.

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Won't you turn to your faith to help you get through this hard time? So with this question in my mind that my responded to doubts me. I Smitha chocolate, the Assistant Professor in the Department of Sociology, posted in Telegram branch college girls wing would like to present my paper today on Pleasure of Piety, post, pandemic, spiritual. Well, being among Santaal youths in Charram, the paper has been co-authored by Dr. Ruby Shine, eminentist Professor Department of sociology

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at most. University.

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No. the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly altered the lives of individuals around the globe. And to cut the long story short, as we all know that, you know, coming up to this new normal, this phase of new normal has not been easy for any one of us, and the entire log-down phase has been really tough for all sectors of people, for all sections of people, and these are. This is just a small timeline that I

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wanted to showcase in order to show how the I mean the locking and the unlocking face basically began during the start of the pandemic.

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Now. the Santa's behind. the hill and the Gond make up the third biggest indigenous population in India, Westminster, Orisa, jargon and Esm were the primary areas of distribution. Santhals are spread out across a white area, but they still speak the same language and follow the same cultural norms and principles. Their religion is comprehensive as well as intricate.

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The Santali village is bordered by farmland forests, fonts, and a place of worship that they call Gorantan.

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It is the. It is the sacred space of the divine with where they protect the villagers, village members from all evil. That's what they believe. If there is a problem, if there is a problem in the family, or with someone's health. They call on the faith healers from the village or family who hold the part to appease this melival in spirits.

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The villagers commonly refer to them as the goonin of the hamlet. The faith healers are known as Gonin. Locally, the religious and spiritual interpretation of Evans is important to the Santali way of life.

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Now, the Santhal community observe different festivals throughout the year. A few of the important ones are, as you can see Badnaporo, Baja, Poro, and Korum Peru. I'm not going into the details. These are the different up few, I mean, I have just projected 3 of them. But there are many which they celebrate throughout the year in their own local institutional way. And it's a great platform for them to basically come

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together, and this, you know, come together and celebrate it. And it's a great great community sense of feeling. And therefore these religious rights and celebrations throughout the year form a central part of their leisure activities. They claim that participating in such rituals might help one achiever achieve inner peace. That's what their claim is.

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A significant proportion of the Santali youth population are engaged in daily wage laborer, and have migrated to urban centers, such as Kolkata in West Bengal, as well as other neighboring states in search of employment, opportunities to fulfill their basic necessities.

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Several of them are engaged in agricultural pursuits. However, most young individuals depart from their localities in pursuit of for more favorable Prospects! In the aftermath of the pandemic and the subsequent implementation of a nationwide Logtown, a considerable number of Santali youths were unable to make their way back to their respective homes.

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The secession of work life has resulted in the discontinuation of their means of financial support. Considering significant challenges and financial hardships, the younger generation opted to return to their respective family units.

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Upon their arrival the youths were able to engage in in having quality time with their family members, and participate in communal rituals, which served as a means of promoting their overall. Well being through religious practices.

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This study examines youth's religious belief and spiritual welling in light of lives, uncertainties such as unemployment, economic insecurity, and vulnerability of the elderly members in the family.

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Now the study has been conducted in Jurgram district of West Bingo, which is around 172 kilometers away from Kolkata. Kolkata is the central business District of Westminster.

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Mixed method analysis was used in order to conduct the study whereby, with the help of a survey, research, and face-to-face interview, the primary data of the study have been gathered from 30 Santali youths, mostly belonging to the age group of 21 to 29 years of age, residing in the diagram. district at least study analysis has also been employed in order to have an in-depth understanding of the responses from the respondents in relation to the current study.

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Now the following objectives were kept in mind while gathering the data, firstly, to find out the relationship among leisure, spirituality, and subjective well-being, secondly, to study whether the youths follow the path of spirituality, to attain subjective well-being or not during the post-pandemic period.

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Now Talking about the association. Among religion. Spirituality and subjective well-being. In his famous work, as we all know, religion as a cultural system by Clifford Gertz suggested

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studying religion as a symbolic system through which believers perceive the world and live their lives. He said, religion shapes awareness, socialisation strengthens religiosity. The community teaches symbol, meanings, religious rituals strengthen one's trust in a religious system and shape one's world view. Religion provides cognitive, moral, and intellectual experiences. Thus religion is both psychological

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and social, cultural, giving meaning and shaping people's world views? Does the Santali youths in this research are socialized in a homogeneous mealu, where they share cultural beliefs, and thus religion is a means for these youths and their families to look for happiness in these turbulent times.

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In relation to this, most studies have found that spirituality and religiosity have a positive effect on subjective welling. It promotes and enhances life, satisfaction, high, religious and spiritual involvement, more positive appraisal of their lives, an effective way to maintain a positive evaluation of one's life.

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and during the post-pandemic situation it has helped most individuals achieve internal appraisal of one's self worth and sense of belongingness within their community with the involvement of the Santali youths in conducting the religious rituals and occasions, it has made them feel more involved with their community members, which was not there beforehand, because they, as I said, they had to move away

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to the other lands for better work opportunities. The respondents in this study stated how their faith in their religion helps them achieve.

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I'll try my best time concluding. Anyway, I'm trying my best. helps them achieve 4 s. The 4 s. Our sense of purpose, as I have just formulated through my analysis, spiritual support, stress, reduction, and subjective welling. And does

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the after the unlock period started in India. The post pandemic social situation saw 2 types of effect. As you can see, the positive effect and the negative effect. I'm not. Again. I'm cutting the long story short, in order to combat this social stress from the negative effects amidst other stress, relieving factors increase in religiosity was one of them which led to increased participation in religious activities.

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It acted as a way of mitigating stress. Health, strength in social bonds gave hope for a better future, thereby promoting subjective feeling. Now, this is just a very small clip of I I it's of 10 s, but

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won't take long

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topping it here because we don't have a positive time, the video of them playing their sacred instrument in order to call for good luck and promote peace and well-being among the community dwellers. Now this is known as Haria, or, as we call in English, as the rice beer Bahariya is called it, as locally, which is distributed among all members as a sacred food for consumption.

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One of the responder, Blamed the urbanites for the outbreak of the pandemic. He claimed that disease is a divine retribution. God uses COVID-19 to highlight people's various sins. Greenery surrounds Charram. Human abuse, Mother Nature, by chopping down trees in the name of development. As a consequence of

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this, the respondent was of the opinion that those who have negative karma will have unfavorable outcomes in their lives, and that the converse is also true, so our faith will lead to people to perform positive action, and the urbanites are devoid of this traditional knowledge, and he was very critical about me going up to there. And basically he he did not like this at all. But, anyway.

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does several theorists have also criticized this interconnection between religion and subjective well-being. As you can see, I have made a Freud's analysis. And again, Gallon Chloe's analysis, though I'm not, you know, telling deeper into it the current study established a link between leisure spirituality and and subjective well-being. In Santal youths

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they view religious activities as a leisure activity that increases social engagement and subjective well-being, or, as they call it, monet shanti post, pandemic, societal difficulties, including unemployment, economic hardship, health challenges, and the pandemic panic stressed people out despite these

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spiritual faiths sustained among them. Several several religious healers perform traditional rights, to build mental part, to strangle stress and achieve subjective well-being.

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Now one of them said that we know no other alternative. Mother Nature's holy strength gives us happiness and inner bliss. He is one of the faith healers of that community.

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To summarize. This is a very small scale study, as of now, as you can see, which definitely I plan to expand with all of your commence in hunt, for instance, to study the various mind, body practices, such as reading sacred texts, or other bodily practices, such as walking meditation. They have a special special spiritual dance, so keeping all those in mind as it promote general well being to determine if Anthal use

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even use based healing practices as an alternative to the mainstream biomedical practices. I would like to just conclude with this call. I just came across this quotation, which is very, very similar to what majority of my respondents over there stated, and it just coincided. so I'm reading this. Quote out that no God, no peace.

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no God, no peace. So this is what? Their way of you know, religion basically act as a segue for them. Or it acts as a leisure in that way to build that community strength. And so sentiment to build that girl to strengthen that community sentiment even in this delusional times. Thank you so much. Thank you very much. Chatuati. Yeah. Well, but definitely, it was a good.

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a good paper, and we are very much interested to listen you. But what can we do? Time is time. So now I would like to call Umar

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after that

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last one here, is there?

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Okay?

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Hello! Everyone. Welcome to Melbourne, one of the most beautiful cities in the world today. We have gathered here on the occasion of Twentieth International Sociological Association, World Congress of Sociology. This is a very great opportunity for all young S.

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Geologist, and I wish I could be here in person and learn from this conference. We know that sociologists from different part of the world have guided under one roof, and it was a good opportunity for sociologists like us to meet them in person and learn from them what are the contemporary issues. What were the traditional issues, and how both are related, and how the things work out.

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But still I could not manage to be there. In Kumar, a research scholar and department of Sociology from I am Pg. College meirat Uttar Pradesh. So I'm from India, and specially belonged to Uttar Pradesh. My colleagues in North Pradesh, actually.

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Nation and Richie case which have been hugely impacted due to Covid. We know that ons I will definitely share my research with all of you, in whatever possible way. Right? So let's see, this is Richie Case. We can see a few glimpse of a RAM, Julia Lashandra. So these are especially the tourist destination and Richie case which have been hugely impacted due to Covid. We know that COVID-19 was a pandemic which was struck.

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Hello, everyone! Welcome to Melbourne, one in Orthopadesh. Actually, now, I have done study on Rishi case, which is also known as Yoga, City of India, or word. We can say people around the world come to Rishi Case for practicing Yoga and learning

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this is not that. It's it's

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he

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easy.

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That's for you.

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Mr. Myself. Professor, deeply Kashik. Professor and and Judy Spanish in my Lapiche college, I'm Pg. Mirror Appellated from Csi's university. Meadu Theadesh from India.

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In very short, I am My topic is today I am presenting a paper on to be Tourist or not after effect of Covid on tourism General of Covid has led in direction of tourism around the world. It has changed the way people used to travel sanitizers, since mass of your Se. Shall add on to their luggage. Tourism is not just travelling and exploring new places is also help people to connect to different culture. now. I went to see important importance of tourism. Now, tourism has a neither impact on social environment

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definition apart from a initial benefit, it also a great impact of social and cultural aspect of the society tourism is an important economic sector that contribute to to job creation for an exchange and and development of local communities juries play an important role in the economic and social development of many countries providing employment opportunities generating for an exchange, earning and promoting

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culture exchange. Today we can promote responsible and sustainable tourism that supports sustainable development. The impact of COVID-19 on tourism industries, global travel has been significantly impacted by COVID-19 pandemic limitation on travels. The many Many nations impose travel limitations as a

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border closer, and requirement for traveller to stay in quarantine to stop the virus is better. Do you do this. This was a sharp, declining foreign travel, which caused the tourism sector to lose money demand, dropped you significantly as a result of uncertainty about travel, limitations and fear of contacting the virus. Many people change or cancel their travel arrangement

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which caused the tourism sector to lost a lot of money, and then my objective of the studies are the objectives of the of this paper is to explore the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the tourism industry. In this case the examine factor that influenced tourist decision to travel in the post pandemic world, which specifically the paper will address the following questions.

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first, what is your current state of tourism interesting in the post pandemic part in the education. But are the factors that influence the touristed decision to travel in the post pandemic part. How have the changes in travel be? Where in rusty practices due to the pandemic factor that tourist experience, but are the potential long term implication of the pandemic on the tourism industries. By answering these questions, these people

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aims to provide insight into the future of the traditional industry in the post-pandemic world in education and to help tourism. A stakeholder, including governmental tourism, board and tourism business, to develop a strategies for recovery and growth.

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call in quantity quantitative and qualitative research methods will be used in this study to collect data through survey, and unless the result and a random sampling will be used to select the participant from different reason of the world. The sample size will be 100 to us in the to ensure that the results are representative of the population

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how much data was connected to a survey with interview a schedule. And we the study we contacted with the following ethical guidelines, the participants will be informed about their study purpose, and their rights as participant confidentially, and and they insured it throughout the study.

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The findings. I mean Phoenix

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findings of the city. One of the major impact of the pandemic, on which case tourism in dusty has been a decline in the number of visitors due to closer of tourist destruction and reduced accommodations. Many today students want to visit the reason. In addition, travel as sections and reduced air and road connectivity have made it difficult for tourists to access residents, causing a significant drop in visitor number.

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In addition, many tourists to who visited education during the pandemic reporter changes, changes in the their travel, behavior and preferences. For example, some were moved caution cautious and focused on health and safety measures, such as wearing mass and social distancing. Other preferred outdoor activities and nature tourism because they felt their option was safer and more enjoyable during the pandemic that

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so pandemic has also an economic impact on Richika's tourism industry. Many business that depend on tourism, such as hotel restaurant and 2 operators suffer of financial losses due to decrease in visitors. They this led to job losses and reduce economic activity in the reason how there is a hope for the revival and terrorism industries in education, with the introduction of vaccines and the relaxation of

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travel, restrictions, and the number of tourists visiting the reason gradually increased. Government and tourism in the region as a safe and adjective to this, to destination and new tourism, product and experience are being developed to attract.

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visit us. So then.

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without pity, thank you. Thank you. Thank you. The paper was so nice, and many, many thanks for completing all the papers in 5 min, so it was very difficult. But you

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you have done so. perhaps a Rashmi Jane is there?

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That's a raspberry pigeon. Yes.

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yes, right. Well, that's my man. Please say something in 2 min.

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Rashmi Jain: It's because I'll take the the session very lightly to all the people present in

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Rashmi Jain: Melbourne Hall, who have contributed to the questions and put their observations, and I'm sure we had very good presentations, and I'm thankful to all of you, because I think that time is going to be up.

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Rashmi Jain: you see. at least, as we see. I I would like to say something about the question. The observation about you know, had been raised earlier about religion

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Rashmi Jain: about Christian and Hindu. So there is also, you know, in in the Hindu religion we find that the the the leisure activities is intertwined with culture.

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Rashmi Jain: with the religious activity. And probably that's the reason that you don't find a formal leisure kind of leisure. So thank you everyone

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Rashmi Jain: for being present here, and thank you for the chair to the chair

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Rashmi Jain: for organizing the session very, in a very amicable manner.

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Thank you.

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Might turn so well, and I have only 90 s, so I've I will finish in 90 s. So then, what 6 papers, which is really really nice? The centre of all the papers was, scope it definitely and leisure. But the sociological taste of these papers, who are different, so it is noticeable.

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so may we each and every paper contains good good, a methodology and a introductory aspect of the issue, and extensive history in the field, whatever it is, Jym, particular study. And and really it was best upon extensive history. So I must come. congratulate

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all the projectors to have. Yes, sorry we. We don't have time, because

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because of our voices to listen and listen, listen, and listen to all presenters

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which I have learned or more.

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I am very much thankful to the President of Rc. 13 for Sushka and Chad and and Professor Andrew Venibal, who has given me such opportunity

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to chair at such vibrant and sociological test of decisions. Thank you. Thank you very much. Now, I would like to present

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of the so-called it is. It is not only when it is a rasm, Jane.

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friend and and session is rasmijen. So I'm very thankful to this as an organizer, Rasm Jane, and the chair Dr. Karinaja and all the presenters. Thank you very much. So we meet in about 10 min. Now

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that there will be another session, there are

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1, 2, 3, 4, 4 presenters. The chair is here right. We meet up 10 min. Thank you.