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Okay.

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Okay, so good morning and really thank you for coming. It was not easy to come for me so I really appreciate those who are present here to come for me, so I really appreciate those who are present here and also really appreciate those who are present here and also probably late in the evening on the other side of the screen.

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So what I will talk today will be a kind of methodological reflection on the research that I did in Lithuania though at the moment I represent the technical investor of Nbsp in Germany but I was talk about about what I did.

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Back when I worked, in Lithuania. And the rational to do this presentation is that I suppose like most of the researchers experienced certain things in recent years which were pretty sudden and had quite a big effect on all of our research.

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And we had in many cases to kind of react. To those changes to adapt sometimes to get disappointed and I think it's very important for us to share.

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So what what effect did it have on our research not only at that moment when we had to make easier or more difficult decisions about our research but also for the future because I suppose in some cases we found out That we can adapt to certain things to adjust our methodologies in some cases maybe to improve but at the same time that there are certain things

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that we really have to think through and and figure out how to do in certain circumstances like external circumstances that affect.

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Our research and what I will talk today is most related related to covet 19 but for example in our context in Lithuania, war in Ukraine also is another external effect that we had and in many cases.

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Affected our research so I suppose we can expect more this kind of Hey, events that are important and I think it's it's important to share that we are not alone like a single researchers but many of us experience similar things and then to reflect so what can we make out of it.

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So the background of my research and of course because the focus here is on methodology so some things of course will be left behind.

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What I did, what my interest was in in social trust and more specifically in the trust that usually a theory relates to the working of democracy.

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Yeah, and and this kind of trust traditionally is research via service so I'm speaking about social generalized stress and political stress questions.

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However, Me myself and also in the literature I found some.

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Attempts to employ qualitative approach and in particular suggestions to employ quality qualitative approach to look a little bit deep and this phenomenon from the perspective of social actors and this is what II try to do try to do based on examples from previous research I developed my qualitative methodology based on Interviews for case of Lithuania

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and planned, something, good, but then, reality came. So What is important?

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Before going forward is that

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My preference was face-to-face interviews. And the reasons for that come from the phenomena that they wanted to research.

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So looking at other works where qualitative methodology was applied to study. Social research. Researchers reflect that it's a complex analogous phenomena. Right?

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So it's not so easy. To grasp it has a lot of dimensions.

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It has a lot of different manifestations. So it is not a simple thing to talk about, observe, to detect.

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Also, authors often mentioned that it is a sensitive topic and I will also reflect a little bit on it based on my research meaning that there can be.

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Moments in conversations or using other methods where the questions or situations discussed observed are Might not be pleasant, people might not be easy to open up or not wanting to share or being Overly politically correct because they would not want to acknowledge that they have certain attitudes or distrust to certain groups and so on.

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Also this unconscious or habitual phenomena is in particular in in everyday life interactions where people do not think or reflect on it.

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More or less it comes as it is, so it might be also difficult to expect people to be able to articulate things related to trust.

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Of course related to that is the importance of rapid building. So again, In research or on trust there is a need of building trust between research and research participants so that they are comfortable speaking about things.

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In particular when they are sensitive. And so again, quite some authors who that qualitative research on trust, they suggest that it is good or efficient to use certain prompting or facilitation techniques and so you could find suggestions and uses of games next to the verbal communications like in interviews or like, more elusive talks

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and or rapporteur grits, card source and so on. So in my own research I applied 2 of those things so this think allowed technique and also visual trust map technique I will.

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Think about it a little bit just so. So having all these reasons in mind of course qualitative interview face-to-face mode was my preference.

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And because it would assure that I can built, my conversation process that would correspond to my needs and everything was planned to start in spring, 2,020 and then COVID came and I had to make some decisions.

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Now, very, very shortly because that could be completely different presentation and paper and at some point I will do it but it's important for some of the talk that I will do back so it about this prompting techniques that I used.

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So one was more simple so at some point in the interview I would show my participants a prepared card with the standard survey question on our participants a prepared card with the standard survey question on the standard survey question on social generalized stress for example and ask them to try to give their score and then to talk so why they gave those score and what

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they were thinking when answering the question and from that we would develop a little bit further with the research related questions.

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And then also the Mac technique I developed it based on again previous examples of research where researchers used mapping technique to prompt participants to speak or facilitate articulation about abstract or complex ideas.

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And so I found it, but it's useful and let's say at the ending part of my interview.

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I wouldn't reduce this task to participants, ask them to to draw the map and then we would discuss verbally.

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Around, what happened. So, again, this, from my perspective, this technique would have worked very well.

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Face to face but unfortunately I could not do it. Oh, face to face, do I have to move it also online, right?

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And so in plan my my research and timeline and and it was not possible so of course the first reaction was to wait because I still wanted to do it face-to-face I believe that that is the preferred mode.

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But again, At some point I realize that it's it's too much risk and responsibility so too much risk for the well-being of research participants also you could see that it would be difficult that probably not all people would kind of feel comfortable with face-to-face contact if it even if it were allowed at some period of

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time. But also it's too much responsibility for me as a researcher because if If I post certain risk for certain participants, I mean it is.

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Oh, so. A very serious consequence. And also there was too much unpredictability because we know all that depending on country but things would change quite quite often requirements the restrictions or let's say dynamics of the

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Or dynamics of the pandemic itself. So again, I did not know if I will start, for example, doing face to face if something will not be interrupted and then again I will have to change something.

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So I decided that to avoid this uncertainty I will do all my interviews. Online, I made the adjustments that they thought were needed to do that.

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However, I tried to keep all the kind of format of the interviews that I planned. And so now, I will talk so what came out of that and what to do with it.

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So, so generally I fulfilled what I wanted. Completed 28 individual interviews as I planned and again the range of my participants was from 20 to 78 years.

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Diverse characteristics which I needed. 21 interview I did with Zoom video calls. But then, 7 more interviews were only audio interviews.

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I had the phone interviews or a computer facilitated but only audio and this mainly came from the preference of participants.

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Why I agreed to do that and did not force everyone to do video because again it, it relates to the possibility of recruiting and not limiting the recruitment in relation to the kind of digital literacy of my participants I will also talk about a little bit later.

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And so I would say that from From perspective off of the verbal outcome. Of these conversations. Zoom video calls were most close to what we would expect from face-to-face interview right so a little bit between one and 2 h Oh, of conversation.

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And actually it was interesting that in my case computer-based only audio only cause were also quite close however only phone calls they were much much lower and because I had 4 of them so there is probably something in the means of communication that prevents prevented a more extended extended, conversation.

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Now, what benefits I see in moving to the remote mode and this is I started my own reflections so first of course is geographical expansion because I could diversify the participants based also on on the location and and it was important for for the quality of research.

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However, at the same time, I think that it limits again it limits recruitment based on digital diversity because we could see that certain groups of people if they are not comfortable to use the technologies and because of that they cannot be involved and do not want to be involved in the research.

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We have a little bit of this limitation. But on the other hand, because I did my field work already after some time and pandemic started.

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My feeling is and again this is something we can discuss if others discovered that the kovat 19 seemed to have a little bit of this positive effect even if a force so that some some groups in Lithuania usually statistics would show that in later age that group is not so digital literate, like much less literate than other groups and then

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it I would say that pre-COVID I would have had much more problems to involve participants from that group in my recession they would not have been so comfortable and I did not encounter that with my participants even with very Edge participants and some of them even reflected that well I now can yeah yeah yeah they felt very kind that couple even felt very proud you know that they can manage it and they don't

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feel any discomfort now to use these technologies even if they did not do that pre-covered. So I think this is a a small positive effect that we can see for research if we want to do it remote.

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Also I would say that a positive A positive but again depending probably on research is that I'm like, communication allowed for a bit more privacy for participants.

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And control over the environment, which means that they did not have to prepare for researcher to come in today household to prepare somehow the space and I don't know sometimes to feel uncomfortable that there is some intrusion in the daily space of a stranger.

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So it might have felt more comfortable for them. And of course as a researcher I saved some time.

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Effort resources related to travel. One thing again I have a hunch. I, you know, it's I think it's still too little to make a solid conclusion but somehow I had a hunch that participants were a little bit more kind of as I call it let's get done so a little bit less this

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pre-post interviews so socialising maybe a little bit past after the interview but they would connect and they would want to start kind of talking.

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This is this is a feeling that they had compared to face-to-face many many interviews that I did in my previous research.

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What are the limitations? So I would say that the biggest limitation of course is employment of these additional techniques and especially visual techniques I implemented it.

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It worked well. It was very important for my research and I kind of received the type of result and data that I wanted.

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But I believe that still it would have worked better and more efficiently face-to-face. And a couple of the things the most important are that Maybe if everyone were very well digital literate I could use all kinds of digital tools to doing that but it was not the case so basically on the other side of screen participants would draw what they needed then

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they would show me but of course I could not efficiently during the subsequent talk see what is in the drawing and really go into details based on the visual so I had to rely on some visual and mostly verbalizing what is there so I suppose there is some gap between us talking about this part of course it was additional effort for participants to make

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pictures of what they draw and to send me. Afterwards, And so, so there was this kind of disruption in this process which would have not been if we have I'm at face to face.

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But as I said, I would say that the verbal communication worked well and again there are 2 things that kind of I reflect post interview one was that it was always a little bit disconcerting to ask additional things of participants because they already put the effort and do the interview and this saying okay please can you show me something one more

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time? Can you adjust something in your screen and so on? It was kind of again a little bit.

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Thinking that well I am burdening more than necessary the participants and also there's kind of a hunch more than than a solid solution that I think that it was a little bit more difficult to show compassion to participants when online and I would say again based on my experience with previous face-to-face interview that participants also were a little bit

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more reserved with their kind of emotions. In a sense because my interviews the questions that I asked were not directly sensitive.

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But of course when you talk about trust there comes from time to time for some participants. They came situations where because of what they wanted to tell me, they became a little bit sensitive.

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And I would feel at least in a couple cases that if we were face to face. That might have been the participant maybe started to cry a little bit.

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But on the screen you see that somehow they they controlled it and being on the screen not face to face it was difficult for me kind of to adequately react in a sense because again II did not know exactly, I could not detect just looking through the screen so what the real kind of level of the situation of sensitivity is.

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Right, so and and again it is something to think about for the future and reflect. Now from the participant point I would say that most were like really most at the very end of interviews I would kind of get this remarks that they were not sure so how they will be able to talk about the topic that they were not sure so how they will be able to talk about

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the topic. So how they will be able to talk about the topic. Quite some said I thought I would not have anything to say but they were mostly to talk about the topic.

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Quite some said I thought I will not have anything to say but they were mostly positive that they really enjoyed the conversation that and so on.

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And in this small post interview feedback questionnaire so mostly again assess the experience as positive feeling comfortable and so on however again there are a couple of things that I thought are important so Almost half of the participants thought that The topic, the conversation somewhat was sensitive.

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So it means that some as I discussed before, trust is a sensitive topic and even if we talk about environments where we do not expect much sensitivity there can be of it and we must be aware of it.

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And also quite big part thought that it would have been easier if we did the interviews in person.

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So again, for certain topics for certain tasks, a face-to-face interview would have been better.

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And also for me it was important to assess so how the trust map task worked and again so basically it was efficient because it helped participants to think about the abstract forms in a more tangible some, said that they experienced a little bit of difficulty, but then, and they could do the task but what is important I think

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that none of them said that it somehow hindered the way they could express. So overall I think it again went well.

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So the conclusion that I would make that So remote interviews with video probably are very close. In verbal output to the face-to-face interviews.

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So if we do not have additional conditions or requirements. This could work and it is kind of supported from another research that we did with focus groups which we did online and face-to-face and we compared and the result was very verbally, I mean very equivalent.

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So the, the remote forms the expand. Accessibility to in particular geographically to participants but as I said they can cause other limitations and firstly related to digital Did the digital literacy which I suppose we could have like less and less of this barrier, but still it can be there and it can make limitations especially when we

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want to use something additional next to it on the verbal communication. And so my conclusion is that the the visual technique remotely worked.

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But it would have worked better. Face to face or if I would have worked only with some specific group of participants who were really digitally literate and we could use all kinds of techniques to substitute and of the same into the same interaction that we could have face to face.

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And the last thing is with the with the question mark because I'm not sure if this was beneficial or actually an obstacle to deal with the emotional or more sensitive part of the interview, right?

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Because on the one side you could say that it was better because I did not have to deal with this overly emotional thing and so it's easier for me as a researcher right but on the other hand I've been from from the ethical and perspective and well-being of the participants it might be a negative thing right and and I

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suppose this is something to think about for the future research to how to balance balance this aspect if we really find that remote forms kind of cause it.

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So thank you. Thank you very much.

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Yes, and so I stopped sharing the screen and then the next present I can. Come from online.

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Hello, my name is, I'm from the university of, Sorry, I'm just changing something here on my screen.

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Yeah, I'm from University of Humanistic Studies in the Netherlands. And in this presentation, I will talk about, research I conducted among children, a youth in Namibia.

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And on the occurrence of third party or third person effects. Firstly, I will, discuss this third person effects or third-person help.

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And then I will talk about, how these effects cured in my research.

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I will go to the first slide. Yeah, this was actually the starting slide. Yeah, so how do we define a third person or third party help?

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So of course the scientific standard of data collection is without a presence or interference of others. And the obvious reason for this is to monitor the data quality.

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Because the presence of third parties can have of course a steering effect or distorting effect on the answers which are given.

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Well, however, there are situations or target groups in which a certain form of yeah that's called that assistance from the third party like a third person it's actually helpful in collecting meaningful and high quality data.

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So So this might be, for example, groups that experience limitations such as, cognitive limitations or communicative limitations and are difficult to research.

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This can also be groups which, yeah, may feel uncertain in in an interview situation.

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And then, so this form of assistance from a third party can be helpful. But of course that racist methodological questions like, what does it do to the interview dynamics and how the other mechanisms.

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But to benefit of course is that you then, yeah, can include this difficult to research groups in studies.

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There's more chances to, yeah, to interview them. So in this presentation, yeah, I will discuss this, effects in my research.

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I conducted research in, an ethnographic research in rural northern Namibia among the offumbo and this is predominantly extended families and were also some nuclear families.

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So the participants were. 20 children. 10 orphans and 10 non orphans in the age of 9 to 12.

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And I also worked with 14 adolescents. 11 orphans and 3 known orphans in the age group, 18 to 21.

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Because in this, part of the world in sub-Saharan Africa, actually relatively many children experienced the death of a parent before the age of 18.

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Adult mortality is one of the highest in the world and then Namibia and Namibia was quite hard hit by the AIDS epidemic.

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And many debts in Namibia. Like you can see on this, figure, we're actually due to death.

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Before the rollout of the 8 trucks. So there was really a peak on 8 deaths deaths and this has led to yeah a large population of orphans.

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And, even though there's now, really a good role out of 8 drugs and of course the Yeah, it's a death due to age has really diminished, but still, is the least leading cause of death in So.

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What I did is, I used So in this study I talked with children. With the children and with adolescence about parental loss and also secondary losses due to this loss like economic and social effects.

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I used various kinds of methods. Like individual interviews, but also group interviews. I worked with visual methods and home visits because I did most of the interviews.

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In the school. For example, during breaks or mostly afterwards, after school had closed.

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And that was Mostly because of and the topics were sensitive to discuss and within. Home setting that didn't feel free to talk about it because also issues like mistreatment came up and of course also yeah, Yeah, the, all the family, dynamics which were there.

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So it was, preferable. Yeah, actually it was not really possible to discuss this in a home setting.

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So, yeah. These were the different text, methods which are used. And, yeah, I added some pictures of some of the, paintings they made, for example.

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Then what kind of Third person help. A cure to actually during this research well. And when did it happen?

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So. It happens for example during the group interviews. Where you could see that there.

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Yeah, that the children were reacting to each other and that is of course also. An element of focus groups, but you could also view it as, yeah.

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Way of third person help. Because sometimes the children were really assisting each other. For example, they were thinking along because they knew it's it shutters home situation and there they were known to each other.

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So it was a focus group with children who knew each other. And then If a child was giving an answer, others were thinking along or they were giving examples or they were for example correcting each other so that of course was affecting the answers.

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And, secondly, it was also yeah, when they were drawing, for example, with this, the visual methods, they were also drawing together for example or giving each other tips about what to do.

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So in a sense that is also help from a third person. And then. I worked with the translator because, the children actually only spoke of, which is the language spoken among.

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Yeah, the, in this area. And, of course I trained. The translator But despite that, there will always be some kind of help from the translator for example because she was of course an expert on the yeah the cultural cultural aspects so in, yeah, helping children to

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answer, for example, on sensitive issues, she would, for example, sometimes give some examples or explain certain things.

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Which is of course also a form of third person help.

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What is the influence on the on the data quality? What was the influence on the data quality? In some cases it was really positive so there came more response for example on the sensitive issues especially I think by the help of the translator, but in some cases it was, it also had a negative effects for example less response and

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that children were sharing less information especially with is correcting each other that was not yeah, you could see that sometimes to children, inhibiting.

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It inhibited them from answering. So it seems that. Yeah, certain forms of third party help seems useful to get a good data.

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Well, earlier research has shown that. Yeah, third part you helping interviews does not necessarily affect.

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The data quality and that sometimes it can actually even improve it. However, it is still not, and not much is known already about how this.

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Party help actually works. Like what are the mechanisms at play and what is really happening in the to the dynamics of an interview.

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So So this is in the interesting area to, further look into. Thank you.

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Thank you not now. Wait a minute, they have to.

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So I suppose I will now

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Switch on one of the First pre-recorded

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Good morning, everyone. Hi, I'm Alfredo Matrea. A PhD student in the College of Social Sciences at Saviensa University of Rome.

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F of all, I'd like to take the organizer for giving me the opportunity to present this work.

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What I will press and today is a pilot study. That I've conducted for 2 main reasons.

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One is for understanding aspects related to the relationship between the means of life. In order to improve the construction of a questioner on the quality of life of university workers.

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The harder reason for evaluating the difficulty of this technique. For the detection of a specific generative events of mechanism of discomfort or well-being of university worker.

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Soft diaries within social research. It's not, something new. What makes the use of these tools in innovative are the new digital technologies.

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In fact, unlike the traditional use of hyperb diaries, today we have the possibility to include the use of electronic or audio DIRECTORY diaries within our research design.

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Nowadays, it is really difficult to find someone who has not installed the Eastern Messaging Oops, such as WhatsApp or telling them on their smartphone.

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Therefore, the recording of tires via these apps could be a winning strategy to detect information on sociologically illicit categories or on a very specific boozy people.

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The principal links of the research are First, to understand the fecundity of the how your diary detention strategy in the study of workers quality of life.

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Specifically, we want it to understand. If it was possible to reach different information than the ones we can obtain with traditional techniques such as, for example, focused or in-depth interview.

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In this regard, one of the characteristics of these techniques is that tires are usually recorded at the time.

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Or close enough to the time. When events or activities or. Disease is particularly useful for avoiding problems of recall.

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The second perforce was to try to understand the intrusive effect of this technique. In some research, have been defined an introsive technique.

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Mainly due to the long detection times. For this reason. Was decided to set as detection time only 2 weeks.

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Specifically the participants were asked asked to record at the list 2 diaries per week for 2 weeks. Fine, another objective was to understand if this strategy could be useful.

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As an integration to more standard. Research strategies for a sample to deepen the statistically most relevant cases that emerge.

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From the analysis of that at it to a survey. First strategy of this study included the following week steps.

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The first step is the organization of an initial meeting useful to make the researcher known by the participant and to press and guidelines and the exclusion.

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The interview is had to follow for the recording. The second step is the construction of a fourth file that the researcher to monitor the research.

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This is important because sometimes the researcher could have to send a reminder there are some respondents may forget to record the diaries.

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The third step is the organization of a final interview useful for 2 main reasons. One is to depend the technology.

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Of aspects discussed by interviews in their diaries. The harder reason is to understand the reliability of the information released from the diaries.

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Oh

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In addiction in this researcher. During the final interview it was decided to ask a question related to the perception of intrusiveness by correspondence.

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The first step is the transcription of audio files and the interviews. The fifth and the last step is the analysis of diaries and the interviews.

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There are days through chance and guidelines explained to the interview with during the initial meeting. Ask for the instructions there is not much to say.

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Since we tried to let us much freedom as possible to interview with to decrease the intrusiveness and the mortality of the sample.

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As for the guidelines, the question were intentionally generic because we wanted to stimulate the reflectivity of the interview with about the complexity of everyday life.

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In this slide, they instead that you can find the quest, the answer used for the final interview. The questions shown are only indicative but since the interview was semi-stroke to read and based on the information that emerged from the diaries of the interview with the participant.

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I would like to focus that tension to question number 1. 4 and 6. That were useful to understand.

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How the interview is lived, the experience of the diaries and above all the role played by the perception that the interview we had of the researcher during the recording of diaries.

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10 respondents participated in this study, including 2 women and 8 men. In this slide you can see the present of different categories related to the academic world.

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Unfortunately a few start to read the participated since the research was conducted between July and August, 2022.

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And they were in summer early days.

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The slides will talk about the reasons for the participants choices. On how to send out your files. During, the Needsound meeting.

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Whole master holder the interview we just said they were interested in participating by sending diaries via WhatsApp or Since ascending a maids was considered a 2 hundredous commitment and also time wasting because of some formalities related to sending emails.

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Communication via email can be in Cedious on a temporal level. And the 4 people were not very familiar with the digital technologies.

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Since it requires a loading the audio file as an attachment that sometimes need to be compressed. The other page is, He made it hard the possibility of the EBM as he stands from the researcher.

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Because the thing that we is don't have a number and because emails are often used for more formal communication.

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Dance, would choose to send file via WhatsApp. Consider this mode of participation less honorous than emails.

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Because it was more comfortable and faster. It was also interesting to detect that according to the interview with having direct contact with the researcher was perceived as a safety factor.

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Since, at any time the interview with school, the, express, their tops and or their needs.

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Slide, there are some interview with considerations useful to understand their perceptions towards the intrusiveness of how the diary's technique.

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In general, we can see that for the correspondence. Once the first obstacles were overcome. Such as initial embarrassment or prejudice to record being a diaries became a natural activity useful to band.

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The use of diaries was also useful to increase the reflectivity of respondents on the topic studied. If fact, the research showed that during the recording of the diaries, the interviews showed more and more awareness about the complexity of everyday life.

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M Moreover, some of them began to reflect on the usefulness of reflecting on daily activities.

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In this light you can see some excerpts on this.

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In conclusion, John. Thanks to this study, it was possible. First of all, to improve the knowledge about the daily life of university workers.

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Disallowed the construction of a questionnaire based not only on the literature but also on empirical data.

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In addition, it emerged that this strategy can also be useful to understand the generative mechanism of discomfort of university work.

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Secondly, it was possible to observe how Thanks to the use of Eastern messaging apps. The interview is hello to the researcher to get closer to that part of the sphere of everyday life that with traditional detection techniques.

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Is difficult to reach. In this regard, in some cases the first diaries recorded they were characterized by more formal tone of communication.

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While the last ones were characterized by an informal tone. After this research. It was decided that to use the Audi diaries after a survey on the quality of life of university.

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Workers as an of the research. The in-depth is also involved. They used or focused the interview is to make a comparison between these 2 no standard detection techniques.

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He thank you for your attention. If you have any questions or could you know it is, you can contact me by mail.

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Thank you.

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Sorry, but I don't know if this

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I'm not sure if it is with sound or

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Oh, because Yeah.

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I suppose I have to do like this.

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Okay.

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Do we have a son online?

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No.

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I can, I don't know, I can ask the help, but I suppose it's just.

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Very solid in this way that it is not very politician slice.

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Yeah.

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Oh

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Yeah for those on Zoom we will try to see because I think this is not like pre-recorded with on Zoom we will try to see because I think this is not like pre-recorded with voice presentation but only kind of uploaded slides so will just try to check if it's so if if so

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I will just move through slides and do you know if it's possible to see if it's any voice recorded or it's just slice because.

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So sorry is this a remote presentation? It's the last pre-recorded presentation. It's the last pre-recorded presentation but I mean it does not work like like you know this recorded once or

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So should we be hearing sound or? Yeah, we, I suppose we should, but it does not work like the other prerecorded, which you know you put on and they site.

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So I'm not sure if there is any sound in here and I don't know how to check it.

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Okay.

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And the first decision does not seem to be Yeah, should someone be? Screen sharing, I guess.

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Essentially, is it this individual? This is pretty cool. So there is no person here, no online, they upload it.

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Okay, so there is no person here, no online, they upload it. There is no person here, no online, they upload it, but it does not go as voice, they upload it.

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But it does not go as a voice. So, you know, I don't know if there is any voice.

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So, you know, I don't know if it does not go as a voice. So, you know, I don't know if, if there is any voice, maybe it's just without water, they are supposed just to click and go through the presentations.

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It's this one. That's weird. Yeah, sure. Probably loaded a video, I guess.

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Cause yeah, it's just like coming through as I do it. Okay, so I will do it then I guess I hey, yeah, sorry Okay, so I mean still the presentation was uploaded so I will just go through the slides and and and and you can read probably and then we can Raise your own

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to the discussion.

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Okay. Okay, so I think we went through. I hope really that there was no south, but we could not even with technical help to have it.

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I don't know Martin, I think we can move to the discussion.

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Yes, thank you very much. It's a pintage. It was pretty interesting. Of the.

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Taris in Romania.

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But, the colleague isn't here anyway so we Can't ask her.

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So.

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Let's go for a discussion. I can see the room or the people in the room. So.

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So there's anyone in the room or in the Zoom have questions?

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But we can use them. And another one we don't hear anything.

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Can you hear me? Yeah. It's for you and her actually. I just wondered if you found that because you were doing your research during the pandemic did that alter people's thoughts, feelings, conversations?

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Did it preoccupy them for example? Because I did not ask any direct questions like specifically on COVID because that was kind of not my target because that was kind of not my target of like specifically on COVID because that was kind of not my target of research on COVID because that was kind of not my target of research.

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So it did not come much as a certain big word but of course it would come. In particular, again, trust, trust issues so so at certain point people would talk about, for example, trust.

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You know having more or less stressed how COVID they would think would have influenced the trust between the people so what kind of characteristics they observed because of that and so on.

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So, so the topic definitely came in the interviews but it was I wouldn't say it was any like focus or that this was something like really the most important thing.

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No, it was just among the other topics when they thought it's relevant for what they want to reflect.

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If not, I have a couple of questions to make. I wanted to ask, so did you kind of thought after your research or maybe during the research or maybe during the research or maybe during the research if there are any ways how to, after your research or maybe during the research if there are any ways how to kind of neutralize this negative or hindering

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effects I mean working with children and working on on the topics many of which I suppose were quite sensitive. So, so how would you say it affected you and how you you dealt with it?

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So these 2 questions. Thank you.

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Thank you for your questions. Yeah, concerning the first question. I.

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Was before starting the research I was quite. Aware of the effect of working with a translator.

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So, I, what I did is I, discussed with the translator, quite in depth.

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All the time before what my aim was for the questions and. We also discussed what kind of words, we should use and how she was translating it and what the effects were, etc.

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Because it is of course a bit of a black box. When you work with a translator you work with with a language which you really do not understand.

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Although I did a course in this language, of course it is very difficult to know what is going on.

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And, in the translation process. So that's what I did before. That's how I try to prepare myself.

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And I think in the beginning, We also try to be really very strict on how on the translation and the translate and the back translation.

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But when this more very sensitive topics came up. There I realized that, what a translator was, doing was for example giving a few examples or yeah, trying.

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Trying to yeah also stimulate children to talk about it because it was so difficult and sensitive. Yeah, that's sort of start as happening during the research.

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And when I later looked back on my data, very useful data came out of it. But of course, Yeah, there's a question like.

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How much of this should you do of course? But I worked, with her on a daily basis and I think because we spoke so much about the research and also afterwards.

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I think it was okay, but of course it's that not the pure translation process anymore.

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It's more like from a translator person is becoming more like a research assistant in a way so that role is changing.

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And about what was happening during the focus groups. Yeah, I have been thinking about it, but still it was a little bit difficult to imagine what could happen.

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During, this. During these situations. Yeah, and of course, many of the circumstances are, or these issues have been described in the literature on focus groups have, but still of course it is affecting the data.

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And then concerning your second question, did it affect me and how did it affect me? Yeah, this of course.

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A difficult topic and what I also didn't realize. Before, is that more sensitive topics came up with this topic?

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Because, it was not only sensitive to talk about the death of parents, but also taboo issues came up.

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Surrounding, talking about death and then also mistreatment issues within the families.

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Came up. So actually there were more sensitive issues than I thought of in the beginning. And I think working with his translator slash, research assistant has helped me a lot because we discussed also a lot afterwards what was happening and and what we could do, etc.

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So does help me. And also because I'm trained as a psychologist, I think in the training which I got and and and work experience I had also helped in doing this kind of research.

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But what I found most difficult is when really. Issues came up where I was wondering, do I have to act yes or no?

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Like, like for example, in these cases of mistreatment. So that I found difficulties.

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This this ethical questions which come up like when do you have to interfere and when do you say no this is a part of the children's lives and we sort of should not interfere too much and with where do you where's the child really you know this Jeopardy situation where do you have to start acting?

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Thank you. I see Martin raising. I suppose we will finish the discussion.

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Thank you. Thank you for your answer. Very, very interesting. And I'd like to come back to the first question and your first answer about the translators and the role of the translators.

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What was the, professional background, what a scientist or where, whether from the, from the area.

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So, Maybe that's also important for the role that played in this Hey, in the actual situation.

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Yeah, so I work with different translators during my research periods because I have been coming and going.

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If, more often. But the translator I worked with most of the time she was trained as a counselor.

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And also had to backgrounds, herself, as being an orphan and having lost.

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Both parents at a young age. So she was sort of a Yeah. Yeah, she has gone through this experiences herself.

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And yeah, she had been working as some kind of counselor. So that was the backgrounds.

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Okay, thank you. So maybe that's what, was important for her to really, get distrust.

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Okay, and the interviews.

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Yeah.

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Okay, then. Okay.

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We have one more question in in the audience. Yes. Please take the work.

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And then we will try because the technical help came and said that now the last video should work. So after we finish discussion I will put the last video should work so after we finish discussion I will put it on so that we can hear what's behind it.

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Okay. Yeah, thank you for very, interesting presentations. I would it will be nice to listen to the last presentation again because it's a pity the presenters on here.

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I used diaries with my students. The last 2 years. So I had some questions for them. But so my question is for Minka.

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I coming from South Africa, Minka was just wondering what benefits do the your research participants get from your research and how does that speak to the quality that you tried to establish for your daughter?

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Sorry, the last part of the question I didn't understand.

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Okay. What?

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So the first one was what Do the resource participants ban a game from the research?

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Yes, and how did that? Shape the quality of the daughter that you collected.

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Yeah.

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What's there there were certain things, which I think, how they benefited from the research because this issue was of course is a big issue because you ask quite a lot from the children to disclose and to talk about all these sensitive issues.

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So what I did, throughout the research was a very, very sensitive approach and work for a longer time with them and really build it up very carefully.

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Because yeah. I think you can only do this kind of research if you really also know how to sort of end it.

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Well, that you don't leave children within this process. So, and be and for that I also work together with a with a psychologist and with a social worker from the area and also with NGOs.

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And I also, discussed with the children how they, yeah, how they felt about participating in the research.

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And what enter it was really interested, what interesting what came out of that is that I really felt that somebody had been listening to them and I also followed them up after 7 years later and that's when they said that again that was very valuable for them that's that that somebody was listening to them and that her that her stores were

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being hurt. So that was one aspect and then secondly I tried to assist families who were in need.

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Had that that I could help them also when when there were some problems and I organized some events for them and for example they also made his paintings they were exhibited in the Netherlands and, some of them were also in the Netherlands and some of them were also sold and then from this money I could

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buy a also sold and then from this money I could buy also like they really wanted new school and then from this money I could buy also like they really wanted new school uniform so I could buy also like they really wanted new school uniform so I could also buy new school uniforms.

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What they said at least what helped them most was, to talk about it and that, Yeah, and that they felt also that it was important that, others could hear the story so that other children, yeah, did not need to go through this kind of issues.

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And then a second how that has shaped. Sorry, now I forgot again how that is shaped.

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Well, it of data or the content of data, I think.

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The quality of the data.

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Yeah. So what I. Offered when I offered them how to shape the quality of the data.

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Well, like what they set that sometimes some of these children were never able to tell their story to anyone.

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And I think, yeah, when you get a chance then to hear this kind of stories, I think that is very, beneficial.

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Like, like what we said with this third party, help there are certain groups which, Yeah, are sort of left out because they're difficult to research.

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For example, II read in in various articles which were which has also been researching yeah this group that not this specific group but children in this kind of situations that they said, yeah, well.

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We actually don't have data because they didn't talk. And, so you don't get to hear the stories and in my research they also didn't talk.

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They only talked. When I had worked with them for a few months, then they started talking. So I think you also have to see that you have to put in quite a lot of time and effort and, attention.

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To get to hear their stories.

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Thank you. Martin, I see your hand.

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Hey, I have another question to you, Anya. Would you, would you agree that the remote interviewing will, establish as as a new mode or additional mode also for qualitative interviewing.

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I think that was one of your your conclusions and if you do so. What would you say?

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What are what a criteria when will a remote interviewing be useful for qualitative interviews.

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Does it depend on the target group? Like if you say for for expert interviews. It's really a a benefit.

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What does it depend on the topic maybe for for more emotional topics, a basic interviews. It's not that good.

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A face-to-face interview. Maybe what could be so general criteria for. For, remote interviewing and, face to face on site interviewing for, qualitative research.

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Thank you. I think this is something that should be kind of established and developed and thought through. Because I think that like but pandemic in particular accelerated the use of all kinds of remote tools for qualitative research.

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And on the one hand, it is a good development because we have one more tool which can be really efficient and can be used very well in many research and solve for certain problems that could be caused by the need to do it face to face.

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However, I have kind of probably 2 things in my mind. So one, so that we as researchers do not become a little bit lazy.

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Because I sense this sometimes discussing with colleagues or or students you know that it's in a sense it's easier to do remote interviews because then it's less logistics and less organizing and things like that.

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Of course it's also in a sense easier to the participants to the participants so it's not only the sense easier to the participants so it's not only the researcher side but I think still we should not only the researcher side but I think still it should not only be the pragmatic reason behind doing remote interviews.

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But only then because yes depending on target group they might not be efficient so if we deal with groups which are not comfortable with this technology I don't think it's it's the best tool for doing qualitative interviews because then people feel all kinds of anxieties and limitations, you know, just to express themselves and all these technical issues when

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they want to connect you know and sound and so on and if they are not capable of easily to solve them I think it hinders.

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The expression. Also I think topic-wise, sometimes it's clear that for some topics face-to-face it would be better or remote.

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But I also think that there are cases where we might not be so sure. Because sometimes even for sensitive topics it might be better to have this kind of a little bit of distance and it might make participants easier to talk about sensitive things and not in others.

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So here I think we again it has to be very thought through and reason reasoned decision in a specific research.

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I don't think that it's a recipe that if we have a sensitive topic we only do it face-to-face.

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No, I think it it could be both ways. No, I think it it could be both ways and then the third one what I experienced again if there is something beyond what I experienced again if there is something beyond verbal communication again if there is something beyond verbal communication then again we have to consider again if there is something beyond verbal communication then again we have to consider

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carefully if there is something beyond verbal communication then again we have to consider carefully if remote would be the best option. Then again, we have to consider carefully if remote would be the best option.

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If I could do again, I would have to consider carefully if remote would be the best option. If I could do again, I would do my best.

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Just because I think my map technique which was very important for my topic for my research and design would have worked better.

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It did not, it did, it did work well, but I think I would have gained at additional things if I could have really worked face-to-face with my participants together look at the drawings, discuss them more efficiently, see smaller details there and so on.

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So I think it is something which is now in qualitative research. It is a very good tool, a good solution in many cases.

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But again using it should be very well reasoned like topic wise participant-wise methodology wise and and so on

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Do we have?

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Me too. Yeah, I think. Right, very interesting, development that we will see. Where the journey goes.

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Do we have in the audience any more questions?

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If not, then I will try to put now again the

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Please.

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This work was done before as well. And now it does not even move so maybe it's loading.

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Because with the previous project project will not have any issues.

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With the resume side, I don't know, sound option or something so I haven't heard the video but it's not even playing so we're just we looked to it so that once you met before what's now it's like

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Which you flip through this. Yeah.

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And you see the files that shows it's BPTX or so.

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I will let the tech team know and to turn and if I had some degrees to like I was carrying yeah with the

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Okay, so we still don't have it so I don't know we we either can continue discussion if there are still some questions.

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Or we then can I suppose we can look through the, I suppose the last presentation is in the conference system and I think we should be able to go and look at it those who are interested and maybe it will just work on our a computer somehow.

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I see something in the chat but I cannot Great. Till the very end what is written there because something

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Okay, someone left so I'd Probably we just have to.

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Okay, so if no no questions and nothing so that thank you. I think everyone and then we yes so who are interested in the last presentation I think we just have to look in the conference system and maybe the recording will work.

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So thank you everyone.

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Thank you. Melbourne.