WEBVTT

1
00:00:00.001 --> 00:00:13.660
Okay, welcome everybody. And thank you for joining joining this session. My name is English Olivia. I will shortly introduce her into the topic of the session.

2
00:00:14.680 --> 00:00:32.330
Collaborative robots are a new kind of robots. they are technically enabled to cooperate in direct physical interaction with humans without doing them harm. To this end. They are, for instance, equipped with sensors

3
00:00:32.340 --> 00:00:55.090
and program to stop moving when their movements would otherwise hit a person. Collaborative robots allow robotic automation in settings which so far were out of reach for robots such as find the assembly in industrial production or conducting care-related activities.

4
00:00:55.250 --> 00:01:05.580
Indeed, industrial production and care are so far the prevalent domains of application for collaborative robots.

5
00:01:06.100 --> 00:01:15.039
Yeah, it is expected that the new robots will not primarily be employed to take over whole human jobs.

6
00:01:15.170 --> 00:01:28.609
but rather that they will be employed in collaborative work settings where the tasks will know where the tasks constituting the job are distributed between human and robotic coworkers.

7
00:01:29.310 --> 00:01:32.840
The new socio-technical constellations that may evolve

8
00:01:32.870 --> 00:01:39.439
with the advent of the

9
00:01:39.470 --> 00:01:47.710
and the respective regions. Ideas and narratives of human Robert collaboration are the topic of this session.

10
00:01:48.100 --> 00:02:06.720
though not all presentations today will directly address collaborative roots. I am confident that the underlying issues of human robotic, their collaboration will be addressed. Nevertheless. So let us start there, and so far I

11
00:02:06.740 --> 00:02:17.530
see that the first presenter is not Marcus. Person is not in the room, so I will

12
00:02:17.840 --> 00:02:30.610
suggest that we continue with the second presentation there with you. Yeah. And so welcome. to Okkinson, I am starting the presentation here.

13
00:02:31.260 --> 00:02:32.370
and

14
00:02:33.940 --> 00:02:35.480
the flaw is, use

15
00:02:40.190 --> 00:02:43.740
one. Okay, let's look how the

16
00:02:44.030 --> 00:02:46.080
okay, that looks

17
00:02:46.410 --> 00:03:10.460
you won't see the zoom audience, if that's what you're looking for. No, no, we're just so sorry. Sorry I'm just it. Yeah, yeah, if we can. indeed, that's a point to. I don't know how to see the the zoom. You stop share. Okay, okay, so how to get back to the first slide. Now, okay.

18
00:03:12.040 --> 00:03:34.170
let me just show you. So yeah, I really quickly sorry hit. It's you'll hit escape if you want the zoom tool that far back and you hit, stop share. Okay? And then we're going to hide this. And so there you go. Okay, sorry. Make sure you stand in front of the laptop, because there's a camera there. Oh, no, no, no. But that's not right.

19
00:03:34.370 --> 00:03:37.770
Sorry online. Yeah. Okay.

20
00:03:37.870 --> 00:03:44.659
The next one, yeah. A going out of order. I then go to return session display

21
00:03:45.320 --> 00:03:56.179
next presentation. Because you're going on an order. Okay, okay, technology systems have always taken out problems. So yeah.

22
00:03:56.420 --> 00:04:02.930
morning, all I'm at talks, and I'm from University of Tumbra University, Phil.

23
00:04:03.140 --> 00:04:09.329
Professor of Social Psychology, and I'm presenting with my colleague Beck Razzman, who always

24
00:04:09.640 --> 00:04:16.220
not here to the other conference related duties. But

25
00:04:16.780 --> 00:04:25.540
 introductionments and properties. I will discuss robots, but also AI, and well, of course, the robots

26
00:04:25.810 --> 00:04:32.830
use AI as well and so. and To say this!

27
00:04:32.940 --> 00:04:45.679
Say something, or organized here, because I think we are talking about the important sociological concept. And I mostly talk about attitudes towards AI and robots.

28
00:04:46.540 --> 00:05:03.949
So we all but properly know that globalization and artists, visually into the sense, are expected to change the societies profoundly in this race a lot of questions and concerns about a new digital device in green inequalities and

29
00:05:04.370 --> 00:05:13.700
and also worries among people. But obviously, when we are talking about these issues.

30
00:05:14.210 --> 00:05:25.619
it's not a new topic, I mean. Autumnisation has been industrial out of the process and has been taking place for a very long time there has been industrial robots for a very long time.

31
00:05:25.750 --> 00:05:36.250
but Recent development of robots have been certainly interesting. Most importantly, the current level development of AI is, is very transformative.

32
00:05:36.530 --> 00:05:41.539
and replacement of chops with AI is already going going on

33
00:05:41.830 --> 00:05:47.130
with Chati, Bt. And and other products. So so

34
00:05:47.250 --> 00:05:59.080
this is, I think, very transformed in an I. And hopefully, also, sociologists are awake when this process is going on, because I think it's going to sense profoundly

35
00:05:59.110 --> 00:06:02.280
our societies to better our.

36
00:06:03.100 --> 00:06:14.410
I found the interesting run of trust, and I mean Huang's idea that we are moving from thinking to the feeling economy, and

37
00:06:14.540 --> 00:06:16.040
and

38
00:06:16.250 --> 00:06:29.029
meaning that automatic processing of knowledge will be transformed to AI. And people are taking care of more. The emphatic feeling tasks in lowering tasks with emotional intelligence and interactional skills. And

39
00:06:29.220 --> 00:06:39.470
eventually, later on, probably AI, and let's say, robots will take care of more of the

40
00:06:39.490 --> 00:06:48.090
emphatic sized side as well. Of course, this race is a lot of questions for people. But how?

41
00:06:48.300 --> 00:07:03.439
How people feel generally about this kind of technologies, logical things. And we we already know from the past that there's always been optimism, for of new technologies, but also best emissions. So hope and fear.

42
00:07:03.570 --> 00:07:06.510
At the same time.

43
00:07:07.020 --> 00:07:15.909
it's been a continuous process during the whole modernization process, and even even much earlier.

44
00:07:16.430 --> 00:07:29.640
But attitudes are important. Thinking about how the technologies are accepted, adapt that used. how people generally in society feel about use of technologies and newest technologies

45
00:07:29.870 --> 00:07:33.549
and technology. Accident models have been

46
00:07:34.190 --> 00:07:45.239
important in the sense that there is a lot of research over the past decades on how people start to use technologies and whether they accept technologies.

47
00:07:45.370 --> 00:07:50.740
And these are mostly based on Isaac license. there of plant behavior

48
00:07:51.000 --> 00:07:55.529
is, and being or social psychologists accelerate by background. And

49
00:07:55.540 --> 00:08:01.690
but personally, I think it's not dumb models. Also, there is a variation of these models that they

50
00:08:01.940 --> 00:08:09.640
they are also relatively limited in telescopes and simplistic, and

51
00:08:09.660 --> 00:08:13.549
often a little bit engineer based so

52
00:08:14.000 --> 00:08:20.939
simple and efficient, but still lacking how people

53
00:08:21.060 --> 00:08:34.000
psychologically feel about technologies. And there's a lot of work done on technological self-efficacy, also in the context of using using robots like our work

54
00:08:34.230 --> 00:08:40.549
work some years ago. But a lot of guys. It's his student, the first daughter Heron.

55
00:08:40.780 --> 00:08:58.950
We just had one paper out in telematics and the informatics yesterday. It's by Perk, Darling and colleagues. It's with our newest data. And that's all the technological Survey that that determination. But that's more about the social psychological site.

56
00:08:58.970 --> 00:09:06.260
For this presentation. I was more interested in the sociological topics like

57
00:09:06.410 --> 00:09:21.899
social capital, also iron and request, and which also actually comes from social psychology. But but the post-social capital and social identity, whether they play a role or trust in in with their trust, generally

58
00:09:22.360 --> 00:09:33.969
a role in in attitudes, and then also social ties. And then the question of social identity as a technology technology user.

59
00:09:34.560 --> 00:09:36.430
so

60
00:09:36.470 --> 00:09:37.870
these have been

61
00:09:38.660 --> 00:09:42.210
topics that we haven't at least done prior research.

62
00:09:42.610 --> 00:09:58.290
So my focus is on the perception and attitude, stored intelligent technologies and the role of sociological and social psychological factors towards AI and also robots.

63
00:09:58.640 --> 00:10:05.169
trust social ties and social identity as a technology user out of key

64
00:10:05.210 --> 00:10:08.320
concepts I use. And

65
00:10:10.670 --> 00:10:17.779
the results I'm presently here are based on on my prior projects, on on robots. And AI,

66
00:10:18.020 --> 00:10:22.350
we've had several

67
00:10:22.440 --> 00:10:29.240
involved in generally new technologies in the context of society context and the context of work. And

68
00:10:29.700 --> 00:10:40.219
and I was originally planning with my colleague because they have from Toroko also interesting longitudinal data to use their data as well. But then

69
00:10:40.400 --> 00:10:51.240
we have quite access data from our own from tamper from past. So we've done experimental research and then

70
00:10:51.450 --> 00:10:58.790
surveys. As long as you're mostly using long-term data sets and ongoing

71
00:10:59.350 --> 00:11:11.409
work, both concentrated in in Finland like a social media survey that includes also rapid questions and

72
00:11:11.710 --> 00:11:14.250
and then

73
00:11:14.570 --> 00:11:18.709
open. I Oi is in society survey

74
00:11:18.850 --> 00:11:28.109
that is also ongoing. And actually we finalized the third time, for just 2 days ago. But it was.

75
00:11:28.560 --> 00:11:32.779
I didn't have time to look at the new data yet. And

76
00:11:32.840 --> 00:11:43.969
3 recent data data is a gross national one, that we have data from Finland, France, Germany, Island, Italian, Poland, and

77
00:11:43.990 --> 00:11:48.219
and it's going to be a long, it

78
00:11:48.340 --> 00:11:55.080
quite extensive data that with about 9,000 respondents so far at the first first very one.

79
00:11:55.400 --> 00:12:16.439
So these are data sets that I'm mostly going to use. And the message I have for have a measures for negative artists towards A. I am using the general attitude stores artificial intelligence scale at a new new scale. But it's interesting, and especially

80
00:12:16.490 --> 00:12:44.649
using the AI negatively, the dimension of this one. And then then we have one of our long internal survey. It's single I but items on proper stealing the work so kind of fear of robots in the work. So who is going to use this as a dependent paradigm and independent for apples generally use trust messes, generalized trust, institutional trust, trust on social media science.

81
00:12:44.980 --> 00:12:50.199
you know we have several measures on social ties.

82
00:12:50.850 --> 00:12:54.799
loneliness, sense of the local belonging and social support

83
00:12:55.220 --> 00:13:01.789
climate, for example, these are not so detailed because there's a lot of data in this presentation.

84
00:13:02.180 --> 00:13:13.179
 several measures on daily tech use, then in group identification as a new technology user. It's quite important

85
00:13:13.830 --> 00:13:30.470
erez agmoni for this presentation that we use robot to yourself, a physical gay, if it has a scale and technological self-efficacy and competence measures and socio-economic background processes that are mostly run to analyze a bit.

86
00:13:30.560 --> 00:13:35.120
linear records and 10 multi-level recursion models.

87
00:13:35.320 --> 00:13:41.340
random mathematics models, but we checked fix effects separately.

88
00:13:42.110 --> 00:13:52.320
If you look at the descriptive findings. it's quite a known fact that there are major country dependencies in and

89
00:13:52.470 --> 00:14:02.089
attitude to our technologies in general, and and also our news findings, so that a negative attitude, historic AI. There is variation

90
00:14:03.010 --> 00:14:14.400
of ere.

91
00:14:14.560 --> 00:14:16.750
perhaps

92
00:14:17.330 --> 00:14:25.299
The most technologically advanced country from these these EU countries. But what's generally

93
00:14:25.580 --> 00:14:39.040
see it as an interest, in fact, that even within EU there is a strong differences on. on how technologies are used and how they saw in every day

94
00:14:39.160 --> 00:14:44.440
life. We go to the tables. This is from the

95
00:14:44.740 --> 00:14:47.010
along her from top

96
00:14:47.810 --> 00:14:53.100
 cross national findings. We can see that.

97
00:14:53.440 --> 00:14:54.230
you know.

98
00:14:54.730 --> 00:14:57.659
Trust me, there is a

99
00:14:58.050 --> 00:15:10.110
quite much of different countries. the common factor being that this new technology user identity.

100
00:15:10.630 --> 00:15:20.200
it's highly significant in our country. So so those participants who define themselves as a new tech users

101
00:15:20.660 --> 00:15:39.590
less negative about about about AI, perhaps not not so surprising, but but the important factor in as whole. And if you think about identities in general in societies, it is important as a consideration.

102
00:15:40.210 --> 00:15:47.370
Also, there's variation between such a democratic background. Social times didn't explain that much.

103
00:15:48.050 --> 00:15:58.579
According to the longitudinal of findings, we find that social ties were highly important in in

104
00:15:59.660 --> 00:16:02.110
It is a

105
00:16:02.510 --> 00:16:07.459
AI is society survey. We do with time points only so

106
00:16:08.290 --> 00:16:13.210
better your so sometimes. less negative. You are towards.

107
00:16:13.640 --> 00:16:15.479
a I. This.

108
00:16:15.490 --> 00:16:29.159
interesting as such, and and might be. he explained, partly that the higher social capital relates to higher fear of AI or new technologies in general. Also here we find that

109
00:16:29.820 --> 00:16:33.529
that new technology user right under the asylum

110
00:16:34.150 --> 00:16:35.760
significant

111
00:16:36.840 --> 00:16:48.500
and technology. But that's what's also significant. So if you are competent. And if you feel like yourself as a new technology user, you are less likely to be negative about technologies.

112
00:16:48.760 --> 00:17:00.429
These are mostly between person effects. So differences between people and not so much between person.

113
00:17:00.820 --> 00:17:05.010
It's certainly dividing people.

114
00:17:05.300 --> 00:17:18.830
this last longitudinal findings are based on social media work survey with 9 9 time points, and this includes Fear of robots taking jobs in

115
00:17:18.970 --> 00:17:23.929
Finland! And here we can see that

116
00:17:25.020 --> 00:17:42.919
if people feel very positive about their work climate. They are less worried about robots taking their jobs. generally, you can also see that those who have higher of competence or perceived competence of technology use

117
00:17:43.260 --> 00:17:52.440
a robot, use, use technology sorry, less negative. And also if people feel competent about their

118
00:17:52.980 --> 00:17:57.349
that they are competently in their work as they are.

119
00:17:57.530 --> 00:18:02.939
Let's bore it. That's that that robots to take care of. Yeah, take care of their jobs.

120
00:18:03.380 --> 00:18:11.750
You also find, find, find, find that the university decree income. To lower

121
00:18:12.090 --> 00:18:14.380
lower of here and

122
00:18:15.880 --> 00:18:24.510
field differences, or are interesting because service extra feel in particular, people feel that

123
00:18:24.650 --> 00:18:30.049
worried about robbers taking their jobs. And actually, that's kind of understandable about the

124
00:18:30.390 --> 00:18:44.369
certain newest robots that they have probably taken are taking care of some jobs in service sector. So it's understandable. That's a service sector people. I feel more scared.

125
00:18:45.150 --> 00:18:49.480
So over you after a result, would be that there

126
00:18:49.540 --> 00:18:55.100
less negative views on AI are explained by

127
00:18:55.170 --> 00:19:06.050
trust. so is it to a certain trust in Finland term in Italy also trust in social media, science in Finland, France.

128
00:19:06.270 --> 00:19:13.650
Why I included this is because currently the the AI field is moving to that direction that it's a

129
00:19:13.720 --> 00:19:29.909
dominated by view. Only a few companies, and we will see how how that merges. And and there's a sociological issue that we found that although trust was to some extent important, social ties were important or zone

130
00:19:29.980 --> 00:19:37.709
to be important only and to finish data sets. Maybe maybe later on, when we have more of like cross national data as well.

131
00:19:37.900 --> 00:19:49.599
we will have updated findings on this. But the social identity as a new tech tech user was highly important. We have proposed findings from both across NASA and along the

132
00:19:49.770 --> 00:19:51.400
side down

133
00:19:51.840 --> 00:20:05.549
from societal Democratic, the democratic factors, higher education income partly. And as I mentioned that the occupational sector seems to be important here and highly interesting if you

134
00:20:06.500 --> 00:20:19.560
think about currently that it's also the white color of a corostat  should be a little bit afraid of their work being replaced by AI, for example.

135
00:20:20.150 --> 00:20:29.260
it's it's it's interesting how how these things develop. And and I think it's especially with a I also, to some extent to you know, on and on.

136
00:20:29.470 --> 00:20:33.419
The focus is currently fast. And

137
00:20:34.580 --> 00:20:45.630
and I think the it's the old concept of digital divide that it's been constantly updated, that that's going to be important sociologically. So, who

138
00:20:46.350 --> 00:21:04.560
who owns the tools and what we are going to do with the AI tools? And and then who benefits out out of this this progress, because I believe at least that it's it's likely also that. But many jobs are being replaced. And

139
00:21:04.700 --> 00:21:07.349
and and yeah.

140
00:21:07.550 --> 00:21:08.859
but the

141
00:21:09.500 --> 00:21:19.999
if you are interested in that now, our research might be with us like the emerging technologies lab work in tamper. And it's about 20 people

142
00:21:20.090 --> 00:21:25.720
person crow that they that we have here here and and

143
00:21:26.250 --> 00:21:34.500
and well, there are some selected references, but it's not important to go them through one. We have to thank you

144
00:21:34.560 --> 00:21:35.610
or for

145
00:21:35.770 --> 00:21:39.249
pay in advance. And for this far. Yeah, thank you.

146
00:21:42.160 --> 00:21:45.170
Actually, thank you very much for your talk.

147
00:21:45.210 --> 00:21:59.249
Now, it's the the and the possibility to add first questions for understanding if we want to, but otherwise we proceed to the next bit of presentation. So on. Now

148
00:21:59.380 --> 00:22:00.450
to select

149
00:22:03.060 --> 00:22:12.939
it. Let me passes somebody here. They are presenting the first talk today. The one or 2 months talk

150
00:22:13.070 --> 00:22:23.770
not yet. So then we will continue with the next presentation

151
00:22:23.810 --> 00:22:34.779
from from the research group that I am with as well. But since I am the term, it is Tim who will present our time in survey.

152
00:22:35.570 --> 00:22:59.960
Yes, Hi, everyone thanks for having me today. Today, I'm going to present narratives about collaborative robots in the field of care and industrial manufacturing. And the impacts of these narratives we see in those fields. This research is part of our research project Zochorrop.

153
00:23:00.230 --> 00:23:25.919
funded by the German Research Foundation, and just got extended until 2,026, and, as you can see, not all of our project numbers are here, are standing here in sitting there as the organiser, the organising chair. Marty Meister is busy in Berlin and Kevin Viggard just came back from research in Japan for our project.

154
00:23:26.090 --> 00:23:34.879
So I'm going to speak about collaborative robots today what are collaborative robots

155
00:23:35.170 --> 00:23:54.950
other than non-collaborative robots, collaborative robots are allowed to work with humans hand in hand. They are equipped with sensors that allows them to work with humans without a secure defense other than like these big industrial robots.

156
00:23:55.260 --> 00:24:21.169
And also they are usually pretty small, and they just carry low payloads. We see 2 main domains of this robots. One domain of application is our care facilities, and the other domain is industrial manufacturing, and we are doing research in both of these fields.

157
00:24:22.770 --> 00:24:46.030
First, let me give you a short introduction of our understanding of narratives, because recently the term narrative has been widely used. So we saw in our last paper the need for concretization of this term and our understanding of now to our

158
00:24:46.120 --> 00:24:57.419
narratives are chronological accounts that outline the state of an issue, what has led to it, and how things will or should play out.

159
00:24:57.780 --> 00:25:09.200
They offer a particular point of view on a situation through the use of a plot having a beginning, middle, and end.

160
00:25:10.010 --> 00:25:21.649
So narratives are means of collective sense making, which are characterized mainly by a plot at the core.

161
00:25:21.680 --> 00:25:39.729
and this plot presents a sequence of events as inevitable. And this provides a form of sense making that makes it possible to avoid complex explanations or potentially controversial explanations.

162
00:25:39.900 --> 00:25:54.150
and in contrast to causal explanations which are based on knowledge of cost-effect relations, this narratives, the plot provides the link between the change of events.

163
00:25:54.300 --> 00:26:06.419
So with this simplification of explanations, narrative serves as a tool to legitimize and justifying social actions.

164
00:26:07.650 --> 00:26:32.049
Let me now come to our methodological approach. We used a systematic literature review. and we concentrated on research publications in which the researchers describe concrete development on collaborative forwards. So we excluded

165
00:26:32.110 --> 00:26:42.680
all papers about like overview articles or about the economic potential of collaborative forwards. We were focused on

166
00:26:42.870 --> 00:26:58.939
development articles. And for the analysis, for the systematic literature analysis. We used Google scholar, we disable cookies. We use a private window from Firefox, and in the first step

167
00:26:59.310 --> 00:27:13.550
we analyzed the first 10 pages of Google Scholar using the term for the example of collaborative robots, collaborative robots, and industry. And in this second step

168
00:27:13.670 --> 00:27:24.920
we then analyzed all the 100 abstracts of these articles, and we.

169
00:27:25.030 --> 00:27:44.530
we. We selected those articles that fit to our sample criteria. And to make this process more transparent, we also did screenshots, and we made a table where we described our decisions, why we took a publication into the simple or why not?

170
00:27:44.780 --> 00:27:47.079
And then, after

171
00:27:47.280 --> 00:27:57.140
this selection, we analyzed 32 papers for the case of industrial robots.

172
00:27:57.150 --> 00:28:02.750
fully, and we were clustering with Atlas T. I.

173
00:28:03.200 --> 00:28:12.460
So and that's that's more like the same process for the health care sector I've just expanded on the collaborative industrial robot's case.

174
00:28:12.590 --> 00:28:18.840
So let me present our robots in the field of care.

175
00:28:18.870 --> 00:28:32.639
The dominant narrative is the nursing, rising narrative in the field of care, and our own description of the novestive in a natural is as follows.

176
00:28:33.350 --> 00:28:44.149
due to demographics of aging societies, an increasing percentage of the population are elderly people.

177
00:28:44.300 --> 00:28:50.280
Accordingly, the number of people in need of care is constantly growing.

178
00:28:50.420 --> 00:29:04.190
On the other hand, there is already a shortage of nurses, which will become only more severe in the future. Considering the increasing shortage of human work

179
00:29:04.520 --> 00:29:28.340
in the care sector, care robots should be developed and deployed to fill the gap to assist the human care worker. So we see, First, the demographic situation is described as an aging society. Secondly, it is assumed that this demographic change will lead to a shortage of nurses.

180
00:29:28.340 --> 00:29:45.830
And then the plot is described saying that role words can be a solution to this problem, and we see this narrative in almost every article about collaborative robots and care facilities.

181
00:29:48.350 --> 00:29:56.849
I will also read one example we just had from one publications. I don't know if you can read it, but I will read it out loud.

182
00:29:56.860 --> 00:30:25.640
World population prospects reported by United Nations predict that the number of alderies over the age of 60 are to be increased from 901 million in 202,015 to 1.2 point 1 billion by 2050. This rapid transition to an elderly society makes elderly care an ever more critical social issue worldwide

183
00:30:26.040 --> 00:30:37.569
for one saying, recent studies indicate that the caregivers involved in continuous care, for always in welfare centres are often depressed and burned out due to the work.

184
00:30:38.150 --> 00:30:51.150
In this situation it is natural to consider how robotic technologies in particular, elderly care robots can contribute to a solution

185
00:30:51.210 --> 00:30:56.260
for the above social. So challenge.

186
00:30:58.110 --> 00:31:07.639
So what can we say about this narrative? And how is it situated in care? Robotics? Firstly, we see

187
00:31:08.120 --> 00:31:29.179
it's z dominant narrative in this field, and there is also just this one. It is well established, very consistent and also concrete. And from interviews we know that all relevant social groups care managers, care workers, manufacturers of robots

188
00:31:29.370 --> 00:31:34.690
using this narrative and referring to this narrative. And

189
00:31:35.100 --> 00:31:46.980
also this narrative exists since a long time. So we even found a book from 1,988

190
00:31:47.060 --> 00:31:50.100
using this is this narrative.

191
00:31:51.890 --> 00:32:00.640
So now we come to the other field. Not care robots, but industrial manufacturing robots, and there we see different narratives.

192
00:32:00.810 --> 00:32:14.620
and unlike in car robotics, we do not see one dominant narrative, but at least 3 different narratives about the need for collaborative robots in industrial manufacturing.

193
00:32:15.279 --> 00:32:31.280
The most frequent one is about that cohorts will increase the flexibility required to adapt more flexible to new market demands, such as customization or personalization.

194
00:32:31.680 --> 00:32:45.330
The second narrative, we see, is about making production processes more flexible through diet collaboration, collaboration, by combining the human strengths and the robotic strengths.

195
00:32:45.529 --> 00:33:05.479
And the third narrative is about how cohorts will improve the ergonomic conditions in industrial manufacturing. yeah, due to time restrictions. I will just focus on the first narrative, which is also the the most frequent one.

196
00:33:07.160 --> 00:33:18.960
So let's come to this particular narrative. The narratives that cobits will increase the flexibility to adapt to market demands.

197
00:33:19.460 --> 00:33:21.439
Our formulation

198
00:33:21.490 --> 00:33:29.110
of this narrative in a natural, it says, following it's it shows this, this, the whole structure of this narrative.

199
00:33:29.450 --> 00:33:37.370
In recent years the demand for customized products and small unit sizes has increased

200
00:33:37.520 --> 00:33:51.710
to be able to respond to these new market demands. Flexible production technologies are necessary. Existing automation technology does not meet this new production requirement.

201
00:33:51.960 --> 00:34:03.659
Cowboards will provide the flexibility which is to adapt to this narrative. So it shows that the narrative begins with the description of the need of

202
00:34:03.670 --> 00:34:16.479
a new trend of customized and personalized market demands, and continues with a statement that the old traditional robots behind fancies

203
00:34:16.510 --> 00:34:26.489
cannot enable this flexible production. And so the plot is collaborative. Robots are needed to adapt to this

204
00:34:26.620 --> 00:34:55.899
Newmarket demands. I also give you one example. If the time allows small-scale products. This is one example from literature. Engineers using this narrative a lot. Small scale production is relying more and more on personalization and flexibility as in innovation key folks assessed in response to market needs just as deserve physication of consumer provinces

205
00:34:55.910 --> 00:35:13.039
and greater regularity pressure. This can be possible, thanks to assembly lands dynamically adaptable to new production requirements easily be configurable and recruitable to any change in the production line

206
00:35:13.100 --> 00:35:19.540
and such new automated production lines where traditional automation is not applicable.

207
00:35:19.840 --> 00:35:29.399
human and robot collaboration can be established giving birth to kind of industrial craftsmanship.

208
00:35:31.110 --> 00:35:42.739
 so other than in care robotics. There is not one but several narratives regarding the introduction of industrial robots.

209
00:35:42.820 --> 00:35:46.780
and none of these dominates the discourse.

210
00:35:46.920 --> 00:35:52.780
but they are all clearly this structured, consistent, and concrete, and

211
00:35:52.790 --> 00:36:13.329
unlike in the field of care. Some, some, but not all, actors in the field refer to this narratives. For example, we search those for fertus narratives to get their projects funded. We can also see this. It's one.

212
00:36:13.670 --> 00:36:21.959
one quote from an interview we did where the researcher said he, he needs good stories to to get the funding.

213
00:36:21.980 --> 00:36:29.839
Yeah, let me come to the overall conclusion and the impact of

214
00:36:30.090 --> 00:36:34.149
the dominant narratives in both fields.

215
00:36:34.270 --> 00:36:43.639
Let me start on the left side with the Care robots we see for more than a decade. And until today

216
00:36:43.780 --> 00:37:04.469
that care robots are a promising technology rather than rather than an empirical reality in application. So it's more a promise. And this narrative plays an important part in constantly renew this promise.

217
00:37:04.690 --> 00:37:20.290
We actually don't see any functionally care robots so far in application, but we see that the same scenarios that do not work like transporting drinks to elderly people with a robot.

218
00:37:20.460 --> 00:37:28.149
that the narratives are used to justify those scenarios, those over ambitious care products

219
00:37:28.190 --> 00:37:34.759
and the narratives got used to get the fundings for these not working scenarios.

220
00:37:35.230 --> 00:37:55.109
Also, this narrative is used to create a market for robots and care facilities by convincing investors from the forward manufacturers, or by convincing our funding organizations by researchers.

221
00:37:56.020 --> 00:38:00.569
On the other side, the industrial production

222
00:38:01.040 --> 00:38:12.960
narratives are important as long as they do not meet hard criteria for evaluating performance of cohorts.

223
00:38:13.190 --> 00:38:17.220
so they are used by researchers

224
00:38:17.700 --> 00:38:26.279
to get funding and by cohort manufacturers to attract customers and investors. But

225
00:38:26.580 --> 00:38:43.580
the more development Oriented application it is. The manufacturers are evaluating the use of these robots, and they often fail, and

226
00:38:44.010 --> 00:38:56.809
we see that in a collaborative robots in in the industry sector just gets implemented when they work well and when when they don't disturb the production. So we did.

227
00:38:56.820 --> 00:39:09.760
one one case. Study about the implementation of a cohort in a Ford plant. car manufacturer fought plant

228
00:39:09.870 --> 00:39:16.629
and Germany, and they tested the use of a collaborative robots for 3 months.

229
00:39:16.840 --> 00:39:38.829
evaluating everything the time cycle, and then they implemented it, and if the cohort will not have meet these criteria, this robot would would have not been implemented. And that's completely different in the care sector. There we see cohorts that are not working.

230
00:39:38.830 --> 00:39:49.779
but they are still in care, facilities, and disturbing care work. So that's all that from my side. Thank you for your attention.

231
00:39:55.010 --> 00:39:59.320
Thank you very much to the so of questions.

232
00:40:16.330 --> 00:40:17.940
Set them in pro. And so.

233
00:40:19.340 --> 00:40:23.929
you know, because in the future and they are called this acknowledgment.

234
00:40:24.270 --> 00:40:30.509
they brought the technologies first there. done it with the girl on later on. The point is where the

235
00:40:31.530 --> 00:40:35.160
you can see those are in some 3 just findings.

236
00:40:47.990 --> 00:40:52.149
Okay, so let me ask again, this one of the first

237
00:41:03.170 --> 00:41:08.559
next presentation. And okay, Sarah.

238
00:41:09.170 --> 00:41:11.289
the frost.

239
00:41:11.720 --> 00:41:13.230
Okay.

240
00:41:18.810 --> 00:41:31.779
Hello and welcome everyone. I'm Sarah Kavier, and I'm a Phd student in computer science. And today I will be presenting a work I did with my supervisors, Cassid, Gamma, and Terry Kabla.

241
00:41:32.280 --> 00:41:42.860
Our work is supported by the National, the National French Agency of research, and I will be talking about the acceptance of smart home technologies for aging in place.

242
00:41:44.870 --> 00:42:02.939
My presentation will be organised as follows, I will start by talking about the socio demographic and technical context related to the to the elderly nowadays, and I will talk about how we are planning to to solve the problematic or to to contribute to it.

243
00:42:03.240 --> 00:42:16.869
and the main topic of my presentation will be, of course, the acceptance of smart home technologies for agent in place, and I will finish my presentation with some design recommendations.

244
00:42:17.790 --> 00:42:32.880
So we are witnessing today a strong increase in the proportion of the elderly inference which is due mainly to the arrival of the elf, advanced at ages to the generation of baby boom, as well as the increase in life expectancy.

245
00:42:33.260 --> 00:42:49.500
According to the forecast, the demographic forecast of the in C, we we can say that the seniors will be representing one-third of the population of the of the region of the France in 2,050,

246
00:42:49.610 --> 00:42:55.739
and among them more than 300,000, will be in the loss of autonomy.

247
00:42:56.190 --> 00:42:57.970
And

248
00:42:58.030 --> 00:43:06.589
this problem of loss of autonomy is accompanied with a widely shared desire to stay at home as long as possible.

249
00:43:06.690 --> 00:43:11.090
That's why we. We will be talking about about agent in place

250
00:43:11.130 --> 00:43:22.819
which is remaining living in the community with some level of independence rather than in residential care. Okay, but in order to

251
00:43:23.190 --> 00:43:35.429
to give to them the chance to remain at home. We have to be sure that they are aging in good conditions. That is why we have to guarantee to them in good quality of life

252
00:43:35.440 --> 00:43:43.710
which can be defined as an individual's perception of their position in life, in the context of the culture

253
00:43:43.880 --> 00:43:51.060
and value systems in which they live, and in relation to the goals, expectations, honors, and concerns.

254
00:43:51.140 --> 00:44:04.160
So one way to to solve this or to contribute to solve this problem, magic is the use of the technology, and more precisely the use of a smart home.

255
00:44:04.650 --> 00:44:26.360
which is what is a smart home. We can say that a smart home is a residence, equipped with a communication network, linking sensors and other IoT based domestic devices, appliances, and features that can be remotely controlled or accessed. Those sensors and

256
00:44:26.430 --> 00:44:29.029
and IoT based

257
00:44:29.310 --> 00:44:37.580
devices will be communicating in order to to respond to the needs of inhabitants. The inhabitants inside the house.

258
00:44:38.680 --> 00:44:56.370
Okay? So how can a smart home solution, support agent in place, and contribute to the well-being of seniors that can be done. Thanks to the mini services given by the smart home, we can find the

259
00:44:56.790 --> 00:45:09.010
we, we find that smart home contributes to the daily living assistance, security, health, convenience and support, energy savings, entertainment and communication, too.

260
00:45:09.760 --> 00:45:26.500
Yeah. So our aim through this work is allowing seniors to live in their own home And keep control of their environment and activities to improve their autonomy, well-being, health and their feeling of dignity.

261
00:45:26.930 --> 00:45:31.930
The Signors, too, in our case the sinners will depend in others, he only, when required.

262
00:45:33.350 --> 00:45:58.319
in more precise, more precisely how we will proceed to this solution, we will focus more on the monitoring of their daily living activities based on the use of artificial intelligence. How this will work. We will focus on the

263
00:45:58.630 --> 00:46:24.079
on the data that we will get from the the sensors that will be and start in their home. And through this monitoring we can. We can see that the older person is spent an amount of time in the morning in her room and in her in the cooking room, etc., just to trace the home and be sure that that everything is okay.

264
00:46:24.080 --> 00:46:30.600
And here we will be talking about also about the detection of anomaly and risk situations.

265
00:46:30.870 --> 00:46:41.260
For example, we can talk about the detection of falls or sleep disorders, as well as the monitoring and the recommendation for comfort and energy savings

266
00:46:41.820 --> 00:46:58.299
to define. To give a quick definition of artificial intelligence. In this case we can say that it refers to systems that display intelligent behavior by analyzing the environment and taking action with some degree of autonomy to achieve specific voles.

267
00:46:58.860 --> 00:47:23.209
And of course, in the implementation of any solution, we face a lot of challenges and some of the ones we we are facing in our work are the real-time data collection, the heterogeneity and of technologies and communication protocols used as well as the reliability of the solution that we will be proposing the security and privacy of the residents.

268
00:47:23.210 --> 00:47:45.189
the adaptation to the current and changing lifestyle of the elderly inside the home, and finally, the user perception and acceptance of smart home technologies, and that we will be the main topic of our presentation. Since a little bit since I will be talking about the acceptance of smart home technologies for agent in place

269
00:47:45.680 --> 00:47:56.939
to do so. We did a systematic literature review into the databases, scorpion and the web of science

270
00:47:57.120 --> 00:48:15.549
for a period from 2,000, 2,021, we focus more in peer-reviewed scientific articles published mainly in English or French languages. That focus in research and investigating factors that influence the elderly's acceptance of smart home

271
00:48:15.800 --> 00:48:30.519
technologies, and we excluded the robot-based solutions. Since it's not our main of study, we are a field of of work, since we are more specialized in the use of AI,

272
00:48:31.100 --> 00:48:38.679
and through the the process. We selected 27 articles

273
00:48:39.880 --> 00:48:55.149
to present our purpose. We can see that the work revolves around 3 main themes. We find medicine and health care, computer science, engineering and technology, and finally, humanities and social sciences.

274
00:48:55.450 --> 00:49:08.289
The same thing goes to the disciplines of the others. And the most important thing about those works is that 18, from the 27 selected works were conducted in multidisciplinary teams.

275
00:49:09.560 --> 00:49:35.320
Talking about the countries we find that the U.S.A. Is classified first by Netherlands, and if we put them on a world map we can say that most of the work was covered out in Europe, and we have to note that our results are language based, since we we selected only articles in in English and French languages.

276
00:49:37.040 --> 00:50:01.459
If we classify them by yours, we can say that the initial works were carried out in us and Europe, while those in Asia, even if they are, even if we have a lot of works, they are more recent compared to the ones in the Us. And Europe. When it comes to the disciplinary of the authors. It has been present since the first works.

277
00:50:01.570 --> 00:50:06.430
and we have also noticed that certain factors of acceptance and

278
00:50:06.860 --> 00:50:14.120
of smart home technologies by the elderly have been present since the first beginning, and remained stable over time

279
00:50:15.180 --> 00:50:28.989
to give you an overview of the results of our systematic research. When we focus on the terms used in the definitions of acceptance given by the others.

280
00:50:28.990 --> 00:50:45.719
we can. So, according to the frequency of appearance, we can say the acceptance is closely tied to the elderly willingness and tension and positive attitude towards smart home technologies, followed by its adoption and regular use over time.

281
00:50:47.420 --> 00:50:49.990
We.

282
00:50:50.010 --> 00:51:15.029
coming to the factors of acceptance and the rejection of smart harm technologies. The most important, the 3 most important ones are the usefulness of the solution when it comes to its perceived value, function, reliability flowed by the usability of the solution. And here we talk more about its user friendliness and ease of use.

283
00:51:15.050 --> 00:51:20.390
Followed by the ethical aspect of the of the solution

284
00:51:20.690 --> 00:51:47.549
when it comes to to the privacy, the trust that I have the person towards the use of the technology, the loss of dignity, and so on. Those 3 factors are followed, of course, by the cost of the technology to to afford it or know the self concept. I have the the elderly towards the technology, the social influence as well.

285
00:51:47.660 --> 00:52:01.599
and to some, otherwise we can classify them into 3. Main note. topic. We have factors that are related more to the elderly, others to the physical and social environment.

286
00:52:01.640 --> 00:52:10.100
and we find also other factors or the remaining ones that are related to the sensor and technological solutions.

287
00:52:10.270 --> 00:52:28.989
So the factors related to the elderly. We have the personal characteristics of the elderly, so when it comes to their physical and cognitive abilities, the real ones, as well as their self concept and psychological barriers. Sometimes they don't accept that they are frail or

288
00:52:28.990 --> 00:52:40.769
and healthy, even if it is really the case, and we don't want to adopt the solution, the fall detection, or they don't see themselves as they are concerned, about the solution.

289
00:52:40.880 --> 00:52:54.809
We find also the perceived need and compatibility of the solution, their willingness to invest more of time because we can.

290
00:52:55.160 --> 00:53:13.019
And the last point is the life changes. Since the acceptance concept doesn't remain stable over time. Sometimes we use more technology, and in other times we tend more to abandon it. Or

291
00:53:13.210 --> 00:53:24.570
and this life. And this is impacted in a lot of by a lot of factors, sometimes by health or by the changing of goals in life, etc.

292
00:53:25.150 --> 00:53:45.959
When it comes to their physical and social environment, we find the influence of the social the social influence, like the what the family and friends think about the technology as well as the advice from experts like their doctors or the the experts of the domain.

293
00:53:46.180 --> 00:54:04.620
We find also the the alternative solutions. Sometimes they lay more on the on the help of their children or relative so alternative solutions rather than adopting a technological one, we find the facilitating conditions when it comes to the

294
00:54:04.650 --> 00:54:07.729
helping them to adopt more the solution.

295
00:54:07.760 --> 00:54:16.130
and finally, the home physical characteristics. When it comes to the sensors and we will deploy in their homes.

296
00:54:16.820 --> 00:54:19.670
And the third of the third

297
00:54:19.910 --> 00:54:43.559
group of factors, and more related to the sensor and technological solutions, we find the perceived usefulness and ease of use of the technology, the device properties, wage, volume, cost affordability, the liability of the given solution. It is an obtrusiveness to respond to the security and privacy issues, and finally, the innovation

298
00:54:43.720 --> 00:54:46.040
and interoperability of the solution

299
00:54:46.980 --> 00:55:04.870
to conclude our work, we. So we. we selected the most relevant factors, and how we are planning to answer those issues. The first one will be

300
00:55:04.870 --> 00:55:26.130
to address the needs of the elderly to guarantee the usefulness of the solution. And to do so, we have to adopt a user centre design by putting the elderly in the centre of the design implementation process. We have also to guarantee the ease of use of the solution 150

301
00:55:26.530 --> 00:55:43.160
by requiring a minimal installation, configuration, and monitoring efforts from the elderly. We have also to to give them the training and technical support, especially the the initial time when they adopt it.

302
00:55:43.400 --> 00:56:05.739
We have also the privacy and trust issue that we will be answering by guaranteeing an obtrusive solution which is in obtrusive working more in the data security and providing a human presence in emergency detection.

303
00:56:05.880 --> 00:56:33.729
And when it comes to the cost, we are willing to use lightweight, inexpensive and resource, efficient-based solutions, and finally, to a respond to the issue of kind of continuity of use over time. We are planning to do to implement or to adopt a personalization and offer to them a scalable solution over time. By using, for example, the Ei incremental learning permit

304
00:56:33.730 --> 00:56:35.959
for a technical detail

305
00:56:36.080 --> 00:56:38.429
that so I thank you for your attention.

306
00:56:43.440 --> 00:57:11.240
So thank you very much for your talk. there! There's some time left for for discussion with this, which is nice, because I guess the some interesting points made and some questions to be asked. I would like to start with the first question is more related to understanding. Yeah to you that, Sarah? Because let me. Maybe if it works to get back in here

307
00:57:11.350 --> 00:57:12.560
presentation.

308
00:57:13.000 --> 00:57:25.270
it wasn't. So. You had this one site where you showed us the different he actors that are immediately accepted, and somehow you

309
00:57:25.350 --> 00:57:29.769
I guess you derive that from your

310
00:57:34.160 --> 00:57:36.310
here we my, how you did that.

311
00:57:44.280 --> 00:57:48.610
Okay, thank you.

312
00:57:50.300 --> 00:57:53.690
Okay, yeah.

313
00:57:56.510 --> 00:57:57.430
Okay.

314
00:57:57.950 --> 00:57:59.940
so.

315
00:58:00.140 --> 00:58:23.640
okay, so for the factors I get. in my literature review. most of the a lot of the works are are based on the use of models, or like the ones we say, Tom, for example, technology exempt the acceptance model that we saw in the first presentation. So we have the factors

316
00:58:23.820 --> 00:58:33.820
explicitly defined and included in the study. And sometimes no, they just relay on the

317
00:58:34.240 --> 00:58:44.109
it doesn't really explicit the model used. But we find that the the categorize the process, and

318
00:58:44.550 --> 00:58:53.710
to get the most relevant factors that contribute to the acceptance or the rejection of the solution.

319
00:58:53.830 --> 00:59:01.349
That's it. I don't know if it was clear or not. Okay, okay. It was open questions

320
00:59:03.800 --> 00:59:07.279
previously. Maybe I will not.

321
00:59:10.270 --> 00:59:36.910
Okay. thank you. My name is Kenilia Shu, but I'm from the Technical university in Dortmund, and I have a question to all 3 which, in a way also extends your your talks, because that they got me thinking on on you know, extended issues. And as I said, you know, we we see robots and AI changing society At the same time. All the presentations I thought were like

322
00:59:36.910 --> 01:00:01.160
quite mainstream social science, you know, looking at it, using the classic methods, and when we are in these fields we are engaged with engineers. We are in interdisciplinary fields. So I was wondering about your experience of working in these fields, and how not only technology reflects on society, but also on sociology or psychology, and how we change our

323
01:00:01.350 --> 01:00:25.210
are our classic ways of thinking and and conducting studies while being embedded in fields that are fundamentally, you know, engaged with technology. And yeah, so does does it have an effect? Should it have an effect? Or is there just a classic division of labor? Social sciences do social science stuff? And then the engineers do engineering stuff.

324
01:00:27.060 --> 01:00:54.819
It's a question Sarah should answer first, because she is. She represents into discipline. Yes, I think that I am concerned by the solution, because myself, I am not coming from a sociological training. I am a computer scientist, and I can say that we don't work everyone in his side. And we work in a collaborative way.

325
01:00:54.820 --> 01:01:15.620
I used to learn how to work as a sociologist, or, if I can say so, so it helps me to understand more than needs, and how to answer them, because if I lay more in the technical articles of my domain.

326
01:01:15.620 --> 01:01:25.859
I can say that what what interests me the most is to get an optimized solution, and that works well. But I will.

327
01:01:26.230 --> 01:01:42.430
I would. I would not take into consideration some points that we that I found through the interviews with the concerns. So the elderly in my case, and going to the field and start to them, and so on.

328
01:01:45.910 --> 01:02:00.360
Thanks for the question, what I find very important interviewing engineers is, even if the scenarios from them are not working as to respect the hard work of the engineers, and to

329
01:02:00.600 --> 01:02:16.159
find out, what are the engineers challenges. and also also read their articles to better understand their challenges. and not to like laugh from a sociological perspective of the

330
01:02:16.180 --> 01:02:18.849
dumped scenarios. We sometimes see.

331
01:02:19.170 --> 01:02:23.350
 yeah. So I I try to

332
01:02:23.500 --> 01:02:30.330
come them a bit closer while doing interviews with them. If that answers in any way, your question.

333
01:02:31.750 --> 01:02:46.990
Yeah, that's good question. I think we do quite a lot of corruption project with the engineers as well. And and there is sometimes challenge that the field differences are also made. So so

334
01:02:47.100 --> 01:02:58.170
what they understand as research is different from our field. And sometimes the case is so they're interested on developing technologies. And we are interested

335
01:02:58.700 --> 01:03:06.589
like investigating how people perceive it. But it's it's it's it's quite interesting that some way.

336
01:03:06.820 --> 01:03:18.109
like engineering site, that they have taken more classical, sociological, or also scientific methods. And they are using then already. And I think

337
01:03:18.120 --> 01:03:24.360
our group is also going to that direction. But it's it's a always a talent on.

338
01:03:24.660 --> 01:03:28.679
I mean, my background is also in the humanities. So I have a

339
01:03:29.500 --> 01:03:45.129
A second time. May I originally from from literature studies so come from very humanistic side of cultural studies and and sociology and sociology. And it is pizza. But

340
01:03:45.370 --> 01:03:52.379
but it's interesting. It's very interesting that. How do I understand, engineer's father. I've

341
01:03:52.470 --> 01:04:04.150
I spent most of my chat over. I visited automate some lines since the Eightys, and also work with but it's a kind of joke. How?

342
01:04:04.480 --> 01:04:10.830
But I mean, meaning Internet, is they design technologies? And but sometimes they

343
01:04:11.300 --> 01:04:26.690
forgot the people. I it, so to speak. So it's it's important that it's more that it is a permanent area. And there are people involved from the beginning. But of course it's like, if you think about classical engineering, it's different. If you do, the

344
01:04:27.080 --> 01:04:44.140
you're aldomising line or robots in the line. But now, when when you have robots working with actual people, and and then you have these all kinds of ethical issues that so that you have people, people, actual people, treating the elderly, elderly people well.

345
01:04:44.620 --> 01:04:48.560
But it's it's interesting times that we are living. But but I mean

346
01:04:48.610 --> 01:04:59.710
coming from Finland. We are a kind of country that it's always been like kind of technology first, and then you later on think about solutions or what happened. So I think this would be.

347
01:04:59.840 --> 01:05:12.289
Sometimes I thought that it's in the middle of Europe. It's kind of best and better that you are. because more conservative on the technologies and consequences of technologies that we've been so

348
01:05:12.420 --> 01:05:13.990
yeah.

349
01:05:14.040 --> 01:05:29.700
a little bit that, as I try to say in my presentation that it's very, very interesting times indeed. And really EU level they are, of course, trying to figure out a lot of things currently. But but still, like, I mean

350
01:05:30.220 --> 01:05:42.779
Mit Ctl, and we are dominated by major tech companies also. And so yeah, but but certainly it's important that sociologists try to cooperate with engineers as well and computer sciences. I do like 150

351
01:05:42.910 --> 01:05:50.279
like, there's a lot of we can learn from computer scientists, especially, I think. also data on the question.

352
01:05:50.430 --> 01:06:09.390
It's interesting indeed. And it's interesting how many computer scientists and roboticists have have become social researchers. But it's as well easy to explain, because they are in the case of robotics.

353
01:06:09.400 --> 01:06:30.130
It becomes obvious that what is invented is not just a robot, but it is a socio-technical consolation there, and this kind of necessitates the the engineers as well to become sociologists. So further questions.

354
01:06:31.270 --> 01:06:47.240
Funny. If I could actually, my father did his Bhc later on. But he's retired from social sciences. So, oh, yeah, like, you influenced them. And yeah, I know, I like, I, I started to study technology. And he became human. So so it's good.

355
01:06:48.650 --> 01:06:50.100
Yeah.

356
01:06:53.760 --> 01:07:06.330
thank you. My name is Jenny. Wake up. I'm from the University of Melbourne. I just wanted to comment on the discussion about interdisciplinary work in this area. There is a field of research that does bring together

357
01:07:06.610 --> 01:07:09.690
human perspectives and

358
01:07:09.830 --> 01:07:23.260
computer science. And that's human computer interaction. I don't know, Sarah. You mentioned human computer interaction was represented in your literature review. But there is a lot of work going on in that area, on

359
01:07:23.680 --> 01:07:34.880
the use of technology, in for for elder care, and especially robots, and some of those ethical and social implications.

360
01:07:34.950 --> 01:07:39.650
I guess to go to a question I'm interested in.

361
01:07:40.210 --> 01:07:47.030
If people don't want to use these technologies, you know, robots are really interesting because they're quite.

362
01:07:47.090 --> 01:08:00.640
They are quite confronting for people, I think, especially in the context of caring or being a companion for older adults. And it's a shame we didn't have our first presentation today, which I think was more about that companionship idea.

363
01:08:00.720 --> 01:08:21.049
and also the smart homes. You know the idea of being monitored and having data collected about you constantly, it can be quite confronting. So what? What do I guess? I'm not quite sure how to phrase the question. But what is the The future? I suppose if if people are not going to

364
01:08:21.170 --> 01:08:27.229
embrace the technology, are we, you know, are we kind of developing technologies that people don't want to use?

365
01:08:34.480 --> 01:08:43.310
Thanks for the question. Actually, it's the first discussion with the people from Melbourne for me this time here.

366
01:08:45.960 --> 01:08:52.479
I think it's not clear that the people in the care facilities don't want to have those robots

367
01:08:53.500 --> 01:09:02.990
and the field of the companions. We would not call them robots. But those robots work

368
01:09:03.240 --> 01:09:09.129
kind of okay, and also elderly people, are fine with them and happy with them.

369
01:09:09.820 --> 01:09:24.450
but none of the and none of the people in the care facilities are happy with a robot that is just not working at all. So I think the most most important factor for acceptance, if you can call exist, is

370
01:09:24.690 --> 01:09:27.270
functioning, that the robots

371
01:09:27.370 --> 01:09:33.089
do their task that they should do. And yeah, and I think

372
01:09:33.910 --> 01:09:37.789
one big reason why we find those

373
01:09:38.070 --> 01:09:49.299
and those projects is because of the narrative structure. And and also maybe to your question about human interaction computer studies. Yeah, I think

374
01:09:49.560 --> 01:09:54.540
also, theologists in the field know about this field. But this field.

375
01:09:54.550 --> 01:10:12.539
It's mainly also domain dominated by a psychologist and not sociologists. I would say I'm not because

376
01:10:12.600 --> 01:10:30.999
you both talked some some some length about acceptance. And so your question should respond to your research, but I would add a question and ask.

377
01:10:32.190 --> 01:10:46.010
how easy is it, or how difficult is it yet to know about what people would want or not want unless these technologies are actually around.

378
01:10:46.070 --> 01:10:55.720
So if you are researching acceptance, what are you actually doing? Research on?

379
01:10:58.230 --> 01:11:24.210
I think the first thing to do is to try to get the needs before developing the technology. So maybe some of them will ask more about a solution that that is related to their health, or to detect the fault if they themselves ask about the solution to do that, so they will accept it, but not sure because it will. We have also the

380
01:11:24.400 --> 01:11:32.879
the nature of the technology that will respond to their needs. So in my case, for example, the

381
01:11:32.960 --> 01:11:42.119
they prefer more to have a solution to putting their wrist instead of having them like don't know how to

382
01:11:42.910 --> 01:11:44.270
a

383
01:11:44.410 --> 01:11:51.159
the nature of the technology and to to talk about the

384
01:11:51.260 --> 01:12:16.620
their acceptance. If they are refusing the use of the technology, we can force them to to adopt it. No, maybe indirectly, using the social influence. So when the children or the doctor or nurses tell them that it's good to get this, and it's not that they will adopt it, and we have also the

385
01:12:16.620 --> 01:12:23.469
the increased adoption of the technology. We we will not wait till the

386
01:12:23.900 --> 01:12:45.519
we don't have. I have to say, we don't have to to get to technology from nowhere and say that here is the technology, adopt it? No, we. The the best way is to to to to try to introduce it to their lives in an increasing way, just to to be

387
01:12:45.580 --> 01:12:50.790
just, not to face a rejection.

388
01:12:51.060 --> 01:12:52.850
That's it, I think.

389
01:12:53.460 --> 01:13:07.029
Okay, thank you. Yeah. Further question, yeah, okay? And thank you very much. Your presentations were really interesting. I was wondering just to follow up on this acceptance. Id.

390
01:13:07.030 --> 01:13:30.270
The population targeted right now they are clearly not well, digital natives, the elderly etc. But by the time that the technology will be ready I don't know when that will be. Maybe the accident is also going to decrease, because the people will have been more extent to technology, to digital technologies in their use and getting adults, etc.

391
01:13:30.270 --> 01:13:38.459
I don't know if you've seen something like that in your literature, if you have any. Yeah, of course I'm aware that

392
01:13:38.490 --> 01:13:50.220
the elderly of nowadays, and the elderly of the 10 years or 20 years in the future will not be the same. So we will not face the same acceptance issues

393
01:13:50.250 --> 01:13:51.910
in.

394
01:13:51.920 --> 01:14:11.910
We can say that they will not reject the technology because they don't know how to use it, or the the fear of the anxiety relate to not knowing how to deal with it, but it's maybe it will. It will be related more to the privacy issues. For example, that's what I yeah.

395
01:14:11.930 --> 01:14:28.069
I figured out in my interviews with them, the ones that not they are not aware of how it functions. They don't. They don't mind if we can, if they if we get their their personal data.

396
01:14:28.130 --> 01:14:46.849
but when it comes to the ones that know really that we can get it and use it, they are less so. I don't know how it will be in a few years. But That's it. Maybe you may add, because your your research suggests that there was

397
01:14:46.920 --> 01:14:51.680
who have more experience with these kinds of technology.

398
01:14:51.920 --> 01:14:57.249
I have a higher acceptance.

399
01:14:57.320 --> 01:15:00.929
other studies as well. So I think

400
01:15:01.580 --> 01:15:11.849
usability of technology's importance. And there is a variation of current smart technologies that are easy to use, that probably I don't really see

401
01:15:11.950 --> 01:15:15.349
you do with that, and I think the future is already

402
01:15:15.530 --> 01:15:17.239
already here that they are.

403
01:15:17.270 --> 01:15:27.720
But it's a there's a difference on what kind of technologies we are. Let's say, if we take the elderly care context at what kind of technologies we are talking about? It's not totally

404
01:15:27.990 --> 01:15:43.759
replace into human contact. Or or is it just bringing it at that value? Meaning meaning that it's something to help to actually keep keep on the contact with with the people or help with need at all.

405
01:15:44.070 --> 01:15:58.999
yeah. But I think you think it's? Yeah. That's Loneliness among the elderly people is, of course, the major. If technologies can help the elderly people to be in touch with

406
01:15:59.420 --> 01:16:14.300
basically anyone. That's that's 1 one good part. I have actually one question to your presentation. And I'm especially interested in how technologies come to use.

407
01:16:14.530 --> 01:16:22.919
And you had the different factors. And one factor was the social environment, the families.

408
01:16:23.170 --> 01:16:31.750
And I wanted to ask you, what do you know about this factor? Because I find it very crucial. I mean, these are.

409
01:16:32.010 --> 01:16:34.109
I think, often kids

410
01:16:34.160 --> 01:16:47.350
telling the parents you need this technology. So a few false and we can bring you to the hospital or whatever. So do you know anything more about

411
01:16:47.600 --> 01:16:51.960
de-factor of this. the

412
01:16:51.980 --> 01:17:07.950
yeah, the the influence of this factor to implement the technology because it's it's a special case. I think. Usually technology is not implemented by family members, you know. But in this case, I think it's important.

413
01:17:09.950 --> 01:17:14.410
We I don't know how to

414
01:17:14.580 --> 01:17:20.840
to. It is not directly.

415
01:17:21.210 --> 01:17:45.500
We can't implement a technology directly in the what the social influence or to the social environment think about the technology. But in my presentation it was more about the social. The social Beings are here to help them or to to convince, convince them that they need it, or

416
01:17:45.640 --> 01:17:52.209
but in a more technical way, or those are saying that they prefer this way or the

417
01:17:52.660 --> 01:18:04.390
it's a little bit complicated. And also when we talk about society, it's complicated. For example, a child that we tell to his

418
01:18:04.560 --> 01:18:10.800
father or mother that you need this technology for detection, for example.

419
01:18:11.020 --> 01:18:17.279
they would not accept it just to to not

420
01:18:18.670 --> 01:18:26.879
to not get the child be aware of him, to disturb it, or they say that maybe one.

421
01:18:26.970 --> 01:18:33.090
When my child will detect that I fell, they will feel anxious and

422
01:18:33.190 --> 01:18:34.580
nervous, or

423
01:18:34.830 --> 01:18:39.430
but it

424
01:18:39.630 --> 01:18:49.620
yes, another question. Hi, this is on. Okay, Hi, I'm Joe. I'm from Cambridge. Phd, student.

425
01:18:49.620 --> 01:19:17.669
I have a question for each presenter, so I'll go backwards. thank you all for very interesting presentations. I think, Sarah, your presentation reminded me of something I've seen. So I'm from Singapore, where we've tried to pilot some of these smart home technologies. especially for census. And then it. It came out in the newspaper that the elderly was so uncomfortable with it that they would cover the senses with, you know, whatever to just so that they could have more privacy in the house. And then

426
01:19:17.670 --> 01:19:42.789
And also it was kind of discussed in the literature about how these senses don't take into account how they've created communities of care where they stay. So if they fall down, for example, they know, like a naval walking past their house, might be able to see them, and they can reliably call out for help. So I was wondering, and I don't know if this extends a definition of a smart home, but whether in the literature you've seen instances of talking about

427
01:19:42.790 --> 01:19:57.130
helping elderly populations, each in place by fostering more social bonds, so kind of building the community, rather than say, within the house itself. And then for Tim, your presentation, I think my question was

428
01:19:57.140 --> 01:20:28.289
 You mentioned at the end about how cavities are not impressed by technology that's not working. So I was wondering if in this cases are they still optimistic about the potential for care robots, or are they? And are they like more specifically saying, this robot isn't working, but we are optimistic that for the future of car robotics. We are still, we still kind of buy into this narrative that they're going to aid the care crisis and then ate. I think your foundation

429
01:20:28.750 --> 01:20:32.330
sorry. My question was

430
01:20:32.610 --> 01:20:47.800
you mentioned at the end about how service sector people tend to be more worried about robots stealing their jobs, and I was wondering if they're worried about robots or just technology changing the nature of their drops instead.

431
01:20:47.800 --> 01:21:11.069
Yeah, thank you for your questions. would you like to begin, sir. Okay, I will try. I don't mind if I really understood your question, but I think that we are talking. If we can extend the technology to the community instead of staying just at home. That's the purpose. Because when we talk, for example, about emergency detection.

432
01:21:11.070 --> 01:21:21.780
we have to be connected to the community in order to so to be there in the the emergency situation. And

433
01:21:21.950 --> 01:21:25.010
that's a point, and

434
01:21:25.440 --> 01:21:38.859
there is always an outside presence to to in order to to provide the a good service or an efficient one.

435
01:21:39.500 --> 01:21:43.920
I think you're right. You're right.

436
01:21:45.370 --> 01:21:48.820
Thanks for your question. Your question was.

437
01:21:49.040 --> 01:22:00.909
who is optimistic? Who is still optimistic about robot solutions

438
01:22:01.020 --> 01:22:03.550
when they get

439
01:22:03.840 --> 01:22:04.680
yeah?

440
01:22:06.330 --> 01:22:31.880
 So I maybe cannot say much about The people that live in the care facilities because we, our project aims on the changes on the work environment. So we do mostly interviews with care workers and not with the elderly people living there. Yeah, yeah. And

441
01:22:32.240 --> 01:22:50.949
it's yeah. It's very interesting to care. Because we have a interview material. They also still believe in this idea. They say, yeah, right now it's maybe not working. And we really not happy with the robot. But in 10 years it's gonna help us. And this is like the

442
01:22:51.220 --> 01:23:02.459
story we see. And those statements we saw also 10 years ago. And it's always we. We wrote an article actually about this, and we called it the

443
01:23:02.510 --> 01:23:28.459
Mechanism of the not yet, because they always say it's it's coming, but it's not yet there, and it's not yet functioning. And it's interesting to follow up on the Einstein. You're completely right. It's interesting how important these narratives and their concrete interpretations within the project situations actually are.

444
01:23:28.460 --> 01:23:47.360
It goes so far that people in the car facilities accept that the projects they participate in the roots development projects, that they

445
01:23:47.400 --> 01:23:49.290
put additional work

446
01:23:49.360 --> 01:24:12.449
on their actual work because they somehow believe that in a future. This will will pay, and that. And it's interesting because they are they optimistic in a way that they do not fear other than the service workers others spoke about. They do not fear to be replaced.

447
01:24:12.450 --> 01:24:31.359
but they hope that the parts of of the work that are strenuous and repetitive were taken off by them by the care of robots, and they will be able to focus more on what is their main job?

448
01:24:31.730 --> 01:24:46.719
sentimental work or emotional work, and so on. That's interesting. And we believe that there is very much driven by by these narratives, and they are their way to

449
01:24:46.730 --> 01:25:03.589
motivate the the concrete project as well. Yeah, with the service Sector Roberts. That's interesting, although with our findings it wasn't statistically so so big a difference. But but anyways, it's it's interesting. Feel as such. There is a couple of

450
01:25:03.950 --> 01:25:19.949
cases in in housing carriage, and that one is the robot waitresses, for example, in our restaurants you for then it's a Deli delivery robots. And then, for example, in some

451
01:25:20.230 --> 01:25:38.569
healthcare centers stress the service robots guiding people, etc. So we're gonna and there's a lot of talk about these kinds of things. Also. Excellent funny incident with this Delhi. We're very robots that are going on in as well close to Helsing can.

452
01:25:38.670 --> 01:25:46.009
And when they first started that they found this problem, that there are 3 lights, and

453
01:25:46.330 --> 01:25:53.849
than the robots, obviously because they are small and they look very cute. They are made cute, because then people like them.

454
01:25:54.100 --> 01:25:56.259
But they couldn't cross one

455
01:25:56.420 --> 01:26:13.750
street light because they couldn't post a button. So they had to be helped by the humans actually. And then they had to re-. But basically there is these kinds of options that you know, instead of some human bringing you who you have. The robot bring you

456
01:26:13.890 --> 01:26:16.869
food to your home. So kind of.

457
01:26:17.350 --> 01:26:34.889
but it's discussed a lot in. But but the robots are kind of clumsy in saying still, and and then they are. Sometimes people don't necessarily feel so afraid of demo anxiety, but you know I mean the current discussion about AI. It's like

458
01:26:35.180 --> 01:26:39.550
higher level, because they those solutions are absolutely like.

459
01:26:39.800 --> 01:27:03.869
like, people are losing tops over those ones. So you. You had the news from different countries that this take taking place already. Okay. And if you have used any of those tools, you understand why, yes, yes, we all have. Yeah, I'd like to raise a follow up question of your questions to Sarah. Yeah. I noticed that at the beginning of your talk.

460
01:27:03.870 --> 01:27:10.190
We told a story quite similar to our nursing crisis narrative.

461
01:27:10.200 --> 01:27:11.900
The the narrative of

462
01:27:12.530 --> 01:27:29.600
people become older, and there is a there is a need to stay at home. And there is a technological solution for that. So my question would be, and I know that smartphone technology tackles the same questions

463
01:27:29.690 --> 01:27:52.940
for maybe a decade or 2. So this this fall detection. For instance, you know, I had a I had a project about ubiquitous computing. This is 10 years ago, and we we visited their smart homes, and there was a lot of projects about fault, detection about their regular regularity, patterns of seniors at home and so forth.

464
01:27:52.940 --> 01:28:06.469
Yeah, and so on. And my question would be, isn't the smart home technology as much driven by such a narrative as the car robot's development?

465
01:28:07.530 --> 01:28:12.460
Actually, I see a certain similarity between the 2 topics. Yes.

466
01:28:12.500 --> 01:28:23.599
 And perhaps in my case The fault detection will be in will be guaranteed by a

467
01:28:24.130 --> 01:28:31.540
a waste-based solution. So we don't really have a robot peace, or

468
01:28:31.600 --> 01:28:43.169
and we don't feel that we, because when we talk about robots, it's kind of a presence. It's not really a human one, but it's a prisons.

469
01:28:43.290 --> 01:28:54.059
but when it, when we can provide a fall detection just by wearing a watch, it's okay.

470
01:28:54.430 --> 01:28:58.810
I don't know if, I really answered your question.

471
01:28:58.950 --> 01:29:26.309
it would be interesting to it. It's not. It's not your kind of study. But yeah, it would. Interesting. You know, it's it's for me that to replicate our narrative analysis of care robots with with the narrative analysis of of smart home a technology. So it's a you brought up for me in this. So yeah.

472
01:29:26.310 --> 01:29:29.580
further questions, yes. Another question. Nice.

473
01:29:32.110 --> 01:29:39.129
Hello. I'm Julia puts from Technical University of Toronto, a Phd. Student for.

474
01:29:39.570 --> 01:29:42.389
and I have a question especially to Tim

475
01:29:42.770 --> 01:29:46.130
and and the care.

476
01:29:46.600 --> 01:29:56.000
My question is. I think, if you are talking of care robots. My impression is they are interactional partners.

477
01:29:56.830 --> 01:29:58.529
Of course, they are not humans.

478
01:29:58.540 --> 01:30:04.120
but our international partners. And I got the impression from your talk that

479
01:30:04.210 --> 01:30:11.780
industrial co- robots work much better than care robots up to now. And my question is.

480
01:30:12.340 --> 01:30:14.129
is it because

481
01:30:14.580 --> 01:30:15.940
care robots

482
01:30:16.320 --> 01:30:20.929
more highly embedded in high interactional situations.

483
01:30:21.560 --> 01:30:25.279
much more than perhaps an industrial context that's mere

484
01:30:26.560 --> 01:30:27.740
suitable.

485
01:30:27.890 --> 01:30:36.050
I'm not an expert in this. But I'm interested. What influence has the social usage context

486
01:30:36.170 --> 01:30:39.210
under functionality under usability

487
01:30:39.300 --> 01:30:42.000
of co- robots, and

488
01:30:42.040 --> 01:30:49.640
to which degree. now, and perhaps in future. can these?

489
01:30:49.870 --> 01:30:54.750
yeah. Social context is be widened up.

490
01:30:56.910 --> 01:30:57.799
Thank you.

491
01:30:58.600 --> 01:31:01.190
Thanks. Very good question.

492
01:31:02.140 --> 01:31:16.420
It is indeed a factor that care. Facilities are more messy than industrial environments. Of course, industrial environments are more standardised.

493
01:31:16.850 --> 01:31:25.580
but it's not the only reason why we see puncturing robots in the industry rather than in care facilities.

494
01:31:25.700 --> 01:31:30.850
One big factor is that in industrial manufacturing

495
01:31:31.240 --> 01:31:37.489
they are testing those robots a long time before implementing them, and

496
01:31:37.780 --> 01:31:45.589
they don't do over-ambitious tasks. They don't distribute open Bush's tasks to this robots.

497
01:31:45.680 --> 01:31:51.900
and I think if a robot in a care facility would do a very easy task.

498
01:31:52.400 --> 01:32:14.649
It could also work, but they do so over ambitious things that it's not not working. Maybe you want to. Yes, yes, indeed, the the easy answer would be, well, the one environment is well structured or well structured, and the other is not. And in part this is true, obviously.

499
01:32:14.840 --> 01:32:30.489
because the the, the, the chopped floor and industrial production is highly structured and can be structured in in many ways. Yeah, in which an effl day in an everyday environment is not

500
01:32:30.490 --> 01:32:47.280
to be structured if it still should remain livable. But it's indeed only part of the answer, because we have so often seen what we call the the puzzle of the missing laboratory experiment.

501
01:32:47.730 --> 01:32:50.490
Meaning that, yeah.

502
01:32:50.970 --> 01:33:03.390
Nearly all of the projects we studied in the field of care of milk robotics. They they go into field applications before they have really tested.

503
01:33:03.390 --> 01:33:27.039
the the setting they want to set up. So we call this. yeah, scenario. And these scenarios are thought up in the beginning as as mental image and stories, and then they become prototypically realized. They are in the form of the technical prototype, but as well in the form of a prototype of the usage situation.

504
01:33:27.050 --> 01:33:44.040
And if you look at what happens in their industrial copart development. As Tim mentioned, they build up the whole setting in the laboratory and test it in the laboratory as long as it does not work, and

505
01:33:44.230 --> 01:34:11.689
only after it works, they somehow transport this laboratory setting into the real world environment. It's a bit like what Latour has described in this famous article about give me a laboratory, and I will raise the world, which is the same story. Somehow. That Pasteur, the caught up a solution of this vaccination problem in his laboratory.

506
01:34:11.690 --> 01:34:21.110
and only after this worked within the laboratory, he somehow transformed the farms out in France. According to this.

507
01:34:21.110 --> 01:34:35.919
a working solution in the laboratory. And it's a puzzle that yeah, most of the karabotics projects do not do this, but they they. They start with experimenting in the field. And

508
01:34:35.960 --> 01:34:56.110
obviously the situation in the field is not as controllable as we would want to to be controllable if we set up a laboratory setting and try to figure out how the different components of the new situation we want to design. You have to be adapted to each other to actually work. Yeah. And we

509
01:34:56.110 --> 01:35:11.889
we spoke with with people who are doing this projects. And we we spoke with people who are researching to this from a design perspective. And well, we got no, not no, no, no!

510
01:35:12.490 --> 01:35:17.029
Good ancest yet, while stand this way. It's interesting. Yeah.

511
01:35:20.640 --> 01:35:49.079
thank you. I I just like to follow up on this, because I find it extremely interesting talking about the different domains in which robots become Embedded. And if we look, for instance, at the history of AI and Medicine. It was actually medicine that got AI through the airy winches of the 60 s. And 80 s. Where nobody would touch it. It was always medicine, because there was money, and you couldn't make these arguments. You could say, Oh, well, we need this, you know, and you could. You can spin the narratives. And so I was wondering

512
01:35:49.080 --> 01:36:02.370
if now care, for instance, you know, or what what is the function of of this domain? It seemed like from your presentation that it's basically we have a solution. And we're looking for a new problem.

513
01:36:02.370 --> 01:36:25.130
So like they, they have the industrial whats. And that's right, bring it into a different field. So that's the at the end of it. But it could also be that, you know, in in those fields. Now they they test out difficulties that they can test out elsewhere. So you know, they go to a field where they know there's funding, but they know they probably won't succeed, but it doesn't matter. So what what is the what is the

514
01:36:25.260 --> 01:36:36.390
the importance of the fields of care and elderly care or other fields that are not industry for the robotics, research, and industry.

515
01:36:37.180 --> 01:36:48.250
It's a good question may be. Part of the is, the answer is exactly what you are what you were thinking it is. But there are actually companies companies

516
01:36:48.250 --> 01:37:07.920
that aim at making money from care robots. So it's not just that they do it, because it's a nice field of application for learning about things you might use otherwise. But now they are actually thinking about, they are making it a

517
01:37:07.920 --> 01:37:21.320
viable solution. And you should add that the target market is not care facilities, but elderly living at home. So that's the huge market they are looking at.

518
01:37:23.650 --> 01:37:24.780
Okay.

519
01:37:25.250 --> 01:37:38.080
I guess it became a lovely discussion, and it was a lovely discussion from the beginning. Yeah, thank you. Everybody for joining us today and

520
01:37:38.140 --> 01:37:47.000
have a nice stay in Melbourne. And okay, thank you.