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Branwen Peddi: Okay, thank you so much. So my name is Brunwyn. I'll I'll be telling you a little bit more today about mobilizing different types of knowledges

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towards inclusive agricultural development, and I'll be using 2 case studies in Ghana

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Branwen Peddi: to do that. I'll just jump right into it.

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Branwen Peddi: I'll introduce a few concepts now that might be useful to understand this presentation. And first of all is that we interpret for this study, inclusive development in agriculture as and development.

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Branwen Peddi: And there's just development. is a concept that has been conceptualized by Professor David Miller of the Miller Institute in Ghana. And

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Branwen Peddi: as an African alternative to modernization and development. So really a different approach to development as opposed to the the dominant paradigm. And it's really development that's not only for local actors, but also with them. So it's it's a Co creative process.

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Branwen Peddi: And the control of the process is very much in the hands of local actors. So it's mainly based on local knowledge, resources, institutions and so on. It's important to know that that's not the ex the exclusive base for for set development.

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Branwen Peddi: but that these local actors can have the power to decide on on which knowledge is taken on board.

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Branwen Peddi: It's mainly the local knowledge. That is the starting point. But extra local knowledge coming from from beyond the local context, can also be included. Of course.

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Branwen Peddi: it's it's

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Branwen Peddi: it doesn't necessarily only encompass the biophysical realm. So that's often very much a focus of a lot of development interventions. But it's also very much about the social cultural aspects that are associated with it. So it's a more holistic approach, let's say to to development in general.

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Branwen Peddi: what's very important with this is that there is a recognition of the diversity and plurality of knowledge is, but without sustaining and forcing epistemic injustices. So that is epistemic injustice, then, is any wrongdoing that's done to people in their capacity as a knowledge holder. So, for instance, that the knowledge base is dismissed.

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Branwen Peddi: that it's not place, as in on as on an equal footing, I'd say with different with other knowledge.

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that it's assumed beforehand to be wordless of, or or it's devalued and not acknowledged, and so on.

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Branwen Peddi: So that's very important, let's say, in the process of of working towards endogenous development. And then we specifically interpret in the study and there is innovations, then, with this concept that we then work with

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Branwen Peddi: as being part of these endorsements of of being part of Indonesia's development.

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Branwen Peddi: where, by indulgence, innovation, and in agriculture are very different from inclusive innovations responsible for sustainable innovations.

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Branwen Peddi: because processes of inclusion of actors don't necessarily enhance epistemic justice

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Branwen Peddi: so access may very well be included in processes, yet in that capacity known as knowledge holders, they may very well still face injustices in that the knowledge isn't taken on board, or it isn't valued.

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Branwen Peddi: And it's also about having the power then to decide. just as with indulgence, development, as I just now explained. on what agricultural innovations, then, can look like. So it's really putting this concept of innovations on the table as well.

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Branwen Peddi: So what do innovations? I look like according to local actors. What today? Do you know? Also, I want to make a small note here. That is because also a risk of romanticizing the local order endogenous. So it's very important as well to to keep that in mind.

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Branwen Peddi: and then going back to what I just said earlier. It's it's more about decision, making processes and placing the control and hands of local actors. Who can then decide what knowledge is taking on board, so that may be local mode, but it can also be

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Branwen Peddi: extra local knowledge.

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Branwen Peddi: So then, basically, this is a, let's say, an excerpt I took from from a chapter, from a book actually on on endorsements, development, where they identified on different aspects such as different world views, that you can look at different ways of learning, local institutions. And then, basically, what this study is trying to do is like, add a chapter to that

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Branwen Peddi: on endogenous innovations, and specifically with the question of how we could maybe enable that as part of endogenous development.

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Branwen Peddi: maybe a small comment here already is that with the study, we'll try and aim to answer this question, but it's not a clear cut answer. Of course we. We wouldn't be able to say, Okay, this is really the one I'm only way to do this. this is, of course, in practice way, more than that.

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Branwen Peddi: So then, in terms of research objectives, we, we will try to understand these indulgence in the face within 2 different contexts. the 2 cases that I already mentioned.

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Branwen Peddi: So first case will be then This is based on the empirical work done in the up east region of Ghana, looking at Agricultural development in sector there

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Branwen Peddi: with the second case study. Then, looking at trying to understand intelligence innovations within a small farming community in the central region of Ghana, called furry crew.

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Branwen Peddi: Now. I'll detail them little bit more in a bit.

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Branwen Peddi: My first, I want to discuss the main methodology for the 2 case studies with you as well.

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Branwen Peddi: So we employed mainly qualitative study with an ethnographic approach, which field were done in the spring of 2,021 in the spring of 2,022,

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Branwen Peddi: with methods, including participant observation farm visits semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions

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Branwen Peddi: and each time, let's say, the duration was about 3 to 5 months itself. Each field work period.

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Branwen Peddi: the emphasis was on reflexivity.

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Branwen Peddi: So really having a more grounded approach, letting initial phases of data collection influence further phases of of data collection.

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Branwen Peddi: and especially a lot of attention with paid as well to sorry reflexivity of the researcher and and that position as well. there was many, me, of course, but

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Branwen Peddi: coming in as a foreign research and such a context, it's also very important to keep in mind your influence on on interviewees, but also how you re being influenced by the context and so on.

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Branwen Peddi: in terms of main limitations.

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Branwen Peddi: I would say it was mainly the the the fact that there was a language barrier. So we made use of interpreters, but also different interpreters.

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Branwen Peddi: and also working with very different languages in each case. So that that's one of the main limitations.

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Branwen Peddi: maybe also the fact that

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Branwen Peddi: we're comparing, let's say, a small farming community where I spent in about 3 months as compared to, let's say the other case study in the Upper East is a of region. So that's there's a different level of motion, let's say.

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Branwen Peddi: But then

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Branwen Peddi: let me also show to you. Oh, let me show to you as well a little bit what we're talking about the, in terms of of geographical areas.

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Branwen Peddi: As for the first case within the upper east region, it's completely in the northern part of Ghana, so it's already towards the border with Bokina Faso.

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Branwen Peddi: where we many worked in 2

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Branwen Peddi: areas around 2 cities called Bogatanga, Navrongo.

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Branwen Peddi: right. Then, in the outskirts you had a lot of of farming areas

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Branwen Peddi: and entry points to to sort of connect with with farmers, and so and and so on, were done to the Miller Institute, which was an academic institute, and through network of Catholic priests.

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Branwen Peddi: then we were able to interview a variety of actors about 30 in total several farmers commercial farmers, small scale farmers.

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Branwen Peddi: men, women, and so on. academics. Villages are spiritual leaders, traditional leaders extension agents who provide advice to farmers who come from the Ministry

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Branwen Peddi: and local Ngos, such as also the Peasant Phones Association of Ghana.

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Branwen Peddi: That's case number one, and then for case number 2. We then look at 40 crew, which is a very small community, as you can see in the central area of Ghana and there the entry point is mainly via the the local Ngo that the traditional leader had put in place.

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Branwen Peddi: call to a promo organic farming project to

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Branwen Peddi: and This organization was created

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Branwen Peddi: several decades ago because there was a lack of access to extension services from the Government for farmers.

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Branwen Peddi: and then this far. These farmers in this community came together, decided to create a farmer groups on their own, so that they at least able to exchange knowledge amongst themselves when they're not able to access extension offices.

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Branwen Peddi: We also interviewed a variety of actors, about 20 in total, including farmers, traditional leaders, and the the mobile extension officer for the area.

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Branwen Peddi: So let me now discuss some of the findings with you. So this is still actually ongoing work. But I can already discuss some insights.

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Branwen Peddi: and first of all, my looking at indulgence innovations is also because it really

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Branwen Peddi: it starts from the local knowledge base. We also need to understand what is actually indigenous or local knowledge in this context.

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Branwen Peddi: And first of all, so instead of documenting, let's say, local knowledge or or practices. we we wanted to look at. Okay, how do people even understand this? These concepts?

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Branwen Peddi: and the common understanding that sales and literature is that it's knowledge is very much adapted to a specific context, to a locality. It has a historic aspect to it. It's passed down through generations, and it's very much also linked with certain cultural aspects as well as spiritual aspects.

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Branwen Peddi: And this was also something that came forward, let's say, when discussing these concepts with with interviewees. But there were also different nuances each time that were brought. And there were different conceptualizations of

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Branwen Peddi: what this indigenous and local knowledge actually is in this context.

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Branwen Peddi: So first of all we had interview, we said, labeled it as all the days farming, and in Gruni, which was the language most participants spoke in this upper Eastern case it was called.

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Branwen Peddi: and that means farming of the past. And this really emphasizes that historic aspect of indigenous and local knowledge as as being something that came from the forefathers. Then he also had labeled Farming of the Ancestors.

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Branwen Peddi: which, brought in an extra dimension of it, being a very much let's say, cultural body of knowledge which really emphasizes the

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Branwen Peddi: that it's part of people's identity, or for the interviewees that mentioned that.

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Branwen Peddi: And interestingly, a lot of the extension offices I spoke to called in. This is a local mode or use that as a synonym for local and non modernistic farming methods, whereby that's what they would label, what farmers did, or the the practices that farmers did without any influence of external knowledge. So a bit they would call it a sort of natural state. and that's actually also a romanticized view already.

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Branwen Peddi: because a lot of these knowledge is already a hybrid thing. They're already a product of of all these exchanges between farmers and between academics, and so on.

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Branwen Peddi: But that was interesting. A lot of extension office would label it that way.

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Branwen Peddi: and finally also had the idea or some interviews, some interview, we would call it traditional farming, which is. And this aspect.

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Branwen Peddi: we look at at

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Branwen Peddi: certain cultural practices, but then also, adds that I mentioned to it that it has to be useful. So this value judgment is placed on it has to be useful. It has to have a proven benefit.

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Branwen Peddi:  Oh, okay, I'll I'll try and be through it very quickly still.

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Branwen Peddi: So then the different ways of actually also looking at how? at innovations. And who are the innovators? So there's real tension in the case of the East, between perspectives of farmers, academics, and extension offices.

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Branwen Peddi: where the often extension offices would see that what is extra local, what is foreign is actually better or more innovative. So that was often, let's say, the main

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Branwen Peddi: tendency order the main message that that came out of these interviews. I'll maybe skip the example. But the main message I want to bring here is that you still had a lot of modernist perspectives on these innovations. There was very much

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Branwen Peddi: production is focused very much about bringing in foreign knowledge, so that, far as knowledge could be.

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Branwen Peddi: let's say, enhanced or valid, a firefight or or, so to speak. So that's maybe the main message here. So I'm gonna try and go through it quickly now.

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Branwen Peddi: so I'll skip this quote. So so what I mean then, compared to 40 crew that I was very much a focus on on preserving indigenous local, and also very. This. This aspect of maybe losing this body of knowledge was was put to the forefront.

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Branwen Peddi: and then a prime example of that is that they created with Abu Fab and Sikh, which is another Ngo. They created this local seed bank project, where they would gather farmers, gather indigenous seeds and varieties.

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Branwen Peddi: and then also organize organized seeds whereby it would exchange knowledge about it and the associated cultural practices.

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Branwen Peddi: So it's already a different way of of

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Branwen Peddi: of viewing viewing this, this indigenous local knowledge context

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Branwen Peddi: and also in terms of innovation that was mainly seen as coming through our fog and its farmers, groups with a lot of migrant farmers being there as well. So these are farms that have migrated from areas like the Up East towards for recruiting

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and these were also seen as bringing in new knowledge and and innovating action

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Branwen Peddi: and examples of that are for the the the development of local organic pesticides that were demonstration plots so that farmers could really try and experiment with knowledge. And it's not about

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Branwen Peddi: only practicing, then this local indigenous knowledge. And you really see here, it's

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Branwen Peddi: The process is controlled by this pharmacy. So there's still tensions present between. Let's say that that academic knowledge may be valued more, and so on. But in this community

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Branwen Peddi: there's a shift that say towards farm is taking more control of the process and being able to also really look at what knowledge they valued. Actually.

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Branwen Peddi: So that's why we say it. And maybe there's more of a potential for intelligence innovations than in this case, as it's developed by and for local actors.

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Branwen Peddi: So then we say, see that there's some difference, let's say, between these 2 cases. So with the upper East, potentially giving us some insight into barriers to indulgence innovation. So the second case, maybe giving insight to to enables.

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Branwen Peddi: and then, important aspects. To this, we think, are this this existence of indulgence infrastructure. So, for example, these Pharma groups are a presence in in the fully crew case, these partnerships with other Ngos, and so on.

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Branwen Peddi: So if that is there, that's already very important, base sort of facilitate in urgent innovations also the importance of social institutional context. And these dynamics, like the migration patterns like you, had up in East the up Eastern context have a lot of out migration and perhaps even rain rain. Well, in the 40 cream context I love in migration of of

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Branwen Peddi: microphones. or, for example, the access to formal institutions or to access to extension services.

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Branwen Peddi: And then, the importance of traditional leadership is, and also one final aspect that that really if you see this for the crew chief was really able to to sort of support a whole process and also support it to existence of our, for example.

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Branwen Peddi: So then, I'll leave you with these 2 conclusions, so that for not just the innovation, we really require conducive environments that really relies on acknowledgment of local actors. that there, there's indigenous and local knowledge and really devolving decision, making powers to them as well.

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Branwen Peddi: So thank you very much apologies for the for going bit of my time, but I look forward to any questions you might have.

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Thank you very much, Branwyn. That was really interesting, really fascinating study, and I'm sure we'll come back in the Q. And A to some of the concepts and things that you've raised, because I know that of interest to people in the room. So thank you very much, Brandon.

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Okay.

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Branwen Peddi: right. Let me see if I if you could stop sharing. Yes.

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that would be great.

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Branwen Peddi: I'm just

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Branwen Peddi: yeah. Okay.

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Right?

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Okay. So the next presenter.

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Hi, I can't pronounce your name. So you're gonna have to tell us your name for you. Kim. Kin. Okay, that's fantastic.

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And here they remind me how you got your timer. That's fantastic.

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and

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are you okay? Thank you very much.

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Hi, everyone. My name is Ken Vincent from behavior books, Australia. I'm on our Sustainable Development Institute. So today I will present a paper that I collaborate with my colleagues from behavior books, Alexander Salary and Stefan Cohman.

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So my paper today is focused on 3 lessons of pragmatic

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knowledge co-production. You lie

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so that we begin

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all right. let me bring you back to the center of Australia. So in 2,020 behavior goes and took a role in Taco. The grand challenge of climate change and impact. And it's missing. Go is that it will

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try to view and increase the capacity of communities who are most at tricks

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by climate change.

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So these goals was narrowed out to 2 interventions. And today I will focus on one intervention that knew the partnership between traditional owners and also with the local government.

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So our our challenge is that currently local council in Victoria, Victoria is State government, right? So local council, under State government, but they quite autonomous. And they currently they develop a climate change, adaptation strategy. But they strategy have an incorporated

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local knowledge, especially traditional owner noise into the Australia, yet so that make it like they are the tradition owners who are very important part of their community.

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So here you can see that in Victoria we have, like 11 register aboriginal parties in that's registered and certified by the Victorian Government. So they they located in different part of Now, Australia.

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Victoria. Sorry. And you can see that the jaguar on the country, the Cl. That we will explore further today is located in Venice. It lied 200 kilometers away from Melbourne.

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So

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the jazz warang is a Cl that

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have the land that spans across trail council. And they, these Tel Castle is that have different areas and some so some castle, you know, are located entirely on Jazz Warren country, and some castles that have a little bit earlier on on their glen.

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So In our adaptation process, we try to bring these council together, and also to meet with the Jaguar and corporation parties, you know, to discuss how to, you know, develop a healthy and sustainable partnership within them in order to address, the climate change challenges.

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So we start in 2,021. I agree on the mission scope and go. And we agree on using a behavior change approach to target the problems. And we use that to prioritize adaptation challenges

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and then we involve the people from Zeta Warren corporation local governments, especially climate change, adaptation planners who are when it is responsible for climate change, adaptation. And then we. We have the state garments. We have different bodies, and we from Munash University, and currently we have finished the intervention in late 2,022. And now we are at the very of, you know, develop and scale up the intervention.

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Now, when it's come to to you know, develop a partnership between traditional owners and local governments. And also us social scientists, we we need to rely on some principles that acknowledged co production.

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So in 2,020 Northstrong we below 4 principles that might ensure the high quality knowledge co production.

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and they as a contact-based. Assuming that we have to develop the intervention, take into account the social, cultural, economic, political context. So be specific, be context dependent.

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And we need to be pluralistic. It means that we have to involve multiple voice multiple perspectives and understand that there is no only true. Out there. We we need to understand there are multiple ways of knowing and interpretation.

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Right?

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The third one is goal-oriented. We have to have the verify goals among multiple stakeholders.

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And then, lastly, we need to develop interactive process where we involve a lot of communication percent that allow people to express their opinions and involve their voice.

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So these are principle, and so we need to adapt that. But unfortunately, Behavioral science have been affected by the way, that it has been too individualistic and focused more on in real level.

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So that might be a little bit conflict with

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the principles start by

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knowledge co production.

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So how do we address that? So in our project we apply the pragmatism. So we have come away too far from the terrorism world in 1985, right in the Us. And now we we, we have to escape the 2 extremes. One is from the post-poggyptivisms.

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and one is the constructionivism. Either ones are not really helpful when it's come to develop really practical process and help with the knowledge Co production. So morgant Methylsis who propose that pragmatic focus on this one. So

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in turn of the connection between theory and data, we need to overcome the induction and deduction reasoning so. we cannot get only theory-driven or data driven rather than we focus on the abductive reasoning. So adaptive reasoning is that we need to move back and forth between theory and data, you know, to make sure that we're flexible enough to to not that realise on what we have predefined

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theory frameworks. But also, we open it up to, you know, get the information from people, especially from people, from you know, different participants groups.

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The second one is that instead of focus on subjectivity or objectivities, we need to overcome that by inter-subjectivity, that center on the mutual understanding. So whichever way you interpret the reality, not really important, but rather than the important, that we need to come up with something that we mute, you understand, and we come up with something that we agree to work on and move forward.

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So that is in the subjectivity. This final subject is that we need to focus on transferability. So rather than focus on context.

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generalizability. Right? We need to focus on

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what works, what is knowledge that have full when it's come to apply that lesson to other settings? So that are 3 key principles from pragmatic approach by Morgan. So how we how do we apply that to our project?

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First of all, you can see here that we, we develop a quite complex process that combines objective reasoning

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and incorporate that into the whole set of incorporating behavioral science and solar science in general into the knowledge co production process.

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So we have 2 lands, right? The the the inside land is a behavioral science. This represent. you know, social scientists knowledge. So we often have knowledge like the theory that we already develop in literature, we can, you know, go and go on. Go to the Bullish scholar who scop a screen and get the evidence that already verify and present our day.

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and then we also can, you know, get the measurements or the evidence that they already conducted right. And you get that information to inform our decision making to make sure that what we propose during the intervention based on some evidence out there that we don't recreate the will, but we can rely on the knowledge that produced out there in order to help us save the time of the resources right?

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But the second land you can see that is in the land that we actively embrace with stakeholders. We we organize so. 3 h works off with different stakeholders, especially local. Local garments, and also with with, you know. jaguar and country.

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And we we organize it. Team Saxon, to follow up with the the the workshops that in that we try to you know, encourage the people from both parties to, you know, expect their opinions on how to develop a healthy partnership between local government and also for with tradition, owner and knowledge.

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So, for example. Local governments, can, you know, raise their concern how to adapt tradition owners knowledge into their frameworks and local knowledge. Local people are also raised concerned. How you know, local governments ignores

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the knowledge that by traditional owner communities, so by abductive across, we will move back and forth between them, and and that will realize lead to the model that we might be come from some pretty-fi theory.

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That one might be based on the theory of change. theory of behavior change from sociological frameworks. However, when we apply to the co-producer design in process, we open to learn from people.

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we we try to learn as much as we can, and we open that to lead that to the action. So Morgan said that the only way that we can, you know, overcome the data driven or theoretically even driven, is that we put the theory into the action to see where the interaction in theory works in the practice or not. So we put that into organizer adaptation forum to, you know.

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in my local government, come to the Forum to risk cut. What is action action, or it's a notable plans for them to, you know, work forward with tradition owners. So after that we revive that to my it more, you know, adaptable and relevant frameworks.

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So that for selection, the second lesson is, we try to improve the collaboration by by, you know, incorporate critical reflection into the the knowledge co-.

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So we we develop 3 stages. The first one is reflection in action.

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Right? So yeah, it means that during the co-designing and implementation process we try to incorporate reflection, and that could be, you know, organized throughout the workshops. So before the works of begin, we ask people to reflect on what they have learned in the past after the workshop. We ask them, what's the lesson that they learn during the today book? So.

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and we also take that into a cow in our internal meetings to in order to identify what is the problems? Is there anything that we need to improve? If anything, that we should incorporate in the next activities.

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So the second stage is that reflection on knowledge co-produce. So that's organized after the intervention. So at that state, we asked, so what is knowledge that we already produce during the percent of intervention? What is a knowledge user that will use that knowledge product? Right?

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And the third part is very important that people by Fuk and Ghana, 2,007, and they proposed that if we want to improve our professional practice, we need to put critical into the reflection

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mit Ctl, and my us either is something that works or in something that really works out. So we need to improve that we know, to transform the way we work in order to meet the project on it. 250.

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All right. let's come to the first action. To our lessons. So totally a lessons focus on transferability. So when it's come to to affordability, we need to ask the question. One lesson learned that we need to draw from the intervention. So how do we do that? How do we, you know, draw that lesson. Learn because we often influenced by the

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the the theories and data. so we realize on a different voice of summary, the summarizing the knowledge. And one of the way that they develop a AI Ct stream books that is for stand for action, actor, context, target and time. So it mean that whenever we do a developer intervention.

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We need to identify who is an actor.

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and what action are they taking

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that need our attention and got a target of the action.

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and very important that we need to contextualize the intervention. Mind, you know, after context question about the contextual information where they happen and what where are they happening? What is the contextual factor that enables, or to, you know, constrain that actions, and finally, what they, where the time and time frame of behavior, really important factors.

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So we need to. By using these aspects, we turn that into less learned by these aspects.

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We, you know, customize the questions kind of knowledge. co-founder use Our post of the intervention can address the, you know intervention batteries of the groups. So the you know the lesson that we some rise from there, can, you know, help us to address those?

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So come to the final thought. So these are the key takeaway that we think that is important when we design some kind of knowledge compression in the context of climate change.

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First of all, we need to adopt a collaborative and open mindset that we

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have us to open our cell, be humble and learned from people, for example, from, you know. traditional owners, communities, or any participants. So it's not our job to educate them.

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it's not us up to educate the the about scientific knowledge. But our job is, we try to learn about their knowledge, and you know, understand what their experience and how they construct their meanings. Right? Is that really important? So be, you know, humble, be open minded and learn from them.

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The second election is like we try to be pragmatic

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in the way that we can. The don't stay in our boundaries of methodologies, but rather than you know. Try to combine different methods, different traditions. Listen. Research camps, you know, to learn from different kind of knowledge in order to you know what works rather than focus on the debate about the ontological or

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to monosy or its use. Right?

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And the third thing is, I think, very important is that it's it's it's key to decolonize the research by learning from people, from Gobel, sound people, from eating centers and communities. I will conclude my one's story, that when we work with tradition owners, and some of the better that we face that they say that. Why do we have to, you know? you know, involved in climate change and application.

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while we have been doing climate adaptation friendly for 100 years. So that should be the thing that we consider. Thank you very much.

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Thank you. That's very, very interesting. Thank you very much. Some nice detailed models there. So thank you.

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 okay.

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it seems to stop it. It's not

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you guys, thank you.

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thank you, Kim that was a very interesting presentation. Okay, so

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now I'd like to introduce Dr. Marshall Gray and Dr. Dummy. O Madara, and I have to admit a bit of influence here because I'm Linda Gibson, but I'm not presenting. It'll be Dummy and Marcell, who are presenting. Okay, I'm going to be strict on the time.

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Thanks very much. Linda.

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right? Good afternoon, everyone, and thank you very much for joining us today. My name is Dr. D'amalola, Madura, and I'm here today with some of my colleagues that we both work on the project together. So we have Dr. Muzzle grave from the rest of Montana in Dallas, United States. And obviously we have Professor Linda Gibson. We're both from, not in Trent University, but we also did this work

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in partnership with other universities as well. So we have Professor Nate Saladogue from from the Sankara University in Burkina Faso.

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And we also have

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Dr. David Masoe from Macaroni rest in Uganda. And we're both. We're all looking at the use of collaborative, online international learning program as an approach to apply social theories to addressing issues that has to do with global health and development.

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Right? So applying social theories. Where does this discussion come from? So applying social theories and understanding, global health and development issues come from a wider discussion. and so much around the critique of knowledge coming down from the Nath

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to the south. So we're assuming that there's the knowledge that we have currently in addressing global health issues usually come from the math, you know. So that has been critic over time. And one of the concept, a very good example that we can talk about is the South African philosophical concept of ubuntu which recognizes that there is no way of knowing this. You know Lava's way of knowing, and that is, you know, all the time challenged this egemonic

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philosophy of, you know, knowledge coming from the North, and we have to rely on scientific knowledge without acknowledging some of the traditional and indigenous knowledge that come from the South.

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So the discussion on that has been going on, and social theory is one of the ways. You know, it's very crucial in addressing this, because it recognises divers knowledge. It recognises, you know, one of the presenters said earlier on the priority of knowledge. It recognises that in more debt, and not just only that is also used as a framework

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as an analytical framework that can be used to understand the complexity

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within public health intervention and actions and decisions that has been made when it comes to addressing global health and development issues. Now, apart from that

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the the reason why we're thinking about all right, it is important that we apply is social theory. But then use on the coil as a methodologist, because it. It also involves partnership with different, you know, different people from not just enough, but also, for example, myself

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and and they were both from the United Kingdom, but also we have somebody from the United States. We have people from the South. So there is this diversity, and using the coil, we are also within that, able to bring knowledge from students. What they think, you know, are the issues with global health. What are the issues with with development issues as well.

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Now, apart from that, there's also been the discussion about the modernity

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which, you know, embraces public health. So we're looking at, you know, the social. We like an environment. We're looking at sustainability, you know. But there's been the question of

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unintended consequences, of some of the decisions that has been made when it comes to public health intervention, when it comes to addressing issues that has to do with development, you know. And you can argue that some of those decisions and actions has been made. They're more bar medically famed. They're more scientific focus. And it doesn't like, I said, aileron doesn't recognise this. This traditional, dis this other type of knowledge

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from the South. So applying this third will help us to be able to challenge that dominant framework, it will also help us to challenge the bureaucratic nature of this top down approach to dressing global health issues and development issues. I'm just trying to summarize. Well, because I know she's going to be, you know, timing me on that.

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So what we're trying to say in essence is applying this theory. would not only allow, you know this diverse knowledge, but it also recognizes the public. Health is more to disciplinary, so it should involve all the disciplines

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rather than just focusing on the bar medical and the science, you know, I mean on the team. We have people that are sociologies. We have people that do all the work outside outside medicine. So it helps to recognize that.

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But, most importantly is, if you look at the social determinant of health which is very much centered when we, when you're addressing global health and development issues. It can just be addressed with something to acknowledge. It can't just be addressed with our medical knowledge or intervention. It would need to understand that we need to be able to apply other philosophical and social theories. We were to understand, what is this problem? What is the root causes of health, disparities of health and equality.

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Have I just stopped sharing my screen?

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I'm sorry.

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right? So, bringing together students to share this different, you know, applying the story, but also sharing the experience and their knowledge around the application of their stories is very important. That's the reason why we employ the coy as a methodology for this application. I'm going to stop here now, so I can give my colleague more time to speak on the actual core project itself. Thank you.

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All right, hopefully, I can hear me. Okay.

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so just to kind of give a little bit of context of what we're speaking about. So she mentioned the term coil. Quite a bit coil is collaborative online international learning. That's what that stands for. And as we get through, I'm going to jump a few slides ahead here.

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and

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speak about coil, and how that is the framework that we built into this pilot. And that's what that's what we're speaking about. Here is a pilot course that we collaborated on and co-tutored between myself, Nottingham, Trent, and Burkina, Faso and Macarre University are the different where the cold tutors are all located at, and so coil was the framework that we kind of brought in for that.

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And what coil really is. It's all about collaboration and creating the

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pedagogies, curriculum and ways for students across international borders to learn from each other and really really interdisciplinary work without having to

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travel to those locations, and that's really where coil comes in at, and it continues to develop. I put a little quick note there that one of the first studies that was done with Coyle was at the State University of New York, which is Sunny University, and so they have a lot of work related to that related to coil, and also have created development and workshops related to that. And it really just helped to contribute to development and cross-cultural awareness for students.

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And that's what we continue to build on within our framework of this session, this pilot session that we began, and that we're continuing to work on and build forward.

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And so some of the other key aspects of this is that students learn more about diverse cultures and enhance their and intellectual and intercultural competency and their skills. Students will also be able to develop or enhance their international relationships.

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which that can be very difficult because everyone doesn't have access to study abroad, especially as we went through. You know, a time where none of us could really travel. Coil has really developed and continue to grow, to bring in different ways for students to understand global issues without having to travel to some of those locations and also being able to learn

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from different professors and lecturers at different universities without traveling to those, so that kind of gives a little bit of a framework of what coil is, and how coil has been brought into this primary framework for our course.

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So I'm going to back up here a little bit.

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and this gives us a little bit of information of the actual summary of how things were delivered. So this was delivered. This pilot study was delivered over a week. We had

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basically Monday through Friday all the code tutors. It was all done through synchronous and asynchronous work. So we would give the students some different things for them to work on outside, of course, and then synchronously. We would then have discussions. And it was very interactive, which was another big key piece of this

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is letting the students really take hold and have discussions amongst themselves while we step back and let them learn from each other as well, and the keys of coil was one of those pieces sociology and social theories that we're still developing and working on was another piece as well as reverse knowledge was another big piece of that learning and helping them to understand that.

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And so we had undergraduate and postgraduate students globally from 6 different institutions that were able to attend.

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And that's where the map comes in that I'll show you here in a second, and

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you know

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most of the postgraduate students were from

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in Tu or the Uk. But they also were from Macarer University. Most of the students from the Us. Were undergraduate students, and really

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we brought this interdisciplinary aspect into it, because, as my colleague here said, we all have a little bit of a different background. Mind being public health. Global health is a big aspect of it.

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Thank you.

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I have a timer up here, too. So but yeah, that is all pieces that we really wanted to make sure that we can include into that and really bring in those concepts for everyone to understand and be able to learn from each other.

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So again, a mix of presentations, online content group discussions, case studies were given to students and help them to understand how some of those different challenges and assumptions that are out there right now, and for them to also build their own case of knowledge within that aspect for that. And I'll tell you. You know, one other thing that was really important to this is not only did they have discussions in breakout groups.

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but they also created and used other technologies, such as padlet, which is another one that was really important, because then they were able to, we were able to share information with them that they were able to work on. But then, also they could put responses within that as well, because obviously, sometimes it can be a little hectic when you are doing

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synchronous and asynchronous course work, and that really helped for everyone to develop. And this just gives you an idea of where some of those different students came from within that conversation. And that pilot study that we did, that we're currently growing on

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and going from there and then, just to kind of go into wrapping things up in terms of that framework. This one right here just gives you a little bit of kind of our framework that we're providing for this global health development and sociology. That kind of adds into that as we continue to build sociology. And this

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this conference has been really helpful for us as well, because it's helping us to learn more about different theories that we can apply within this as we build this into a full course that's going to run over. Well, it'll be synchronous. A certainly

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in synchronous, like, virtually through coil, for a couple of different terms. And then in the summer we're hoping all. I have a mobility where we all come together and have that time to reflect and learn within that. And that's part of what this framework kind of talks about is just all those different aspects that we're bringing in together for that.

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And I think that is where I will wrap up.

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Good on time.

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Thank you.

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Yes.

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I think that toolbar.

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Yeah, thank you. That's really helpful. So how do I escape that?

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Okay, thank you very much for that presentation that was

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of interest, I hope.

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Pick up in the Q. And A,

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so can I invite the next speaker? Hello

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on community-based participatory action research in Hong Kong. So thank you.

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So good evening. Everyone. Thank you for joining this presentation.

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I'm Ella Nikini, from the Chinese University of Hong Kong, the Jc. School of Public Health and primary care.

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and I'm here to represent my whole team to to share our research work entitled, I need to be heard community-based participatory Action research to explore South Asian women's health experiences in Hong Kong.

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So a bit about the outline for this evening. So first, I will briefly introduce our richer team, a research team also in terms of our positionality towards the field. I will go through our research background and objectives.

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I will discuss our research approach and our research methods. And as for today, we will discuss the first phase of a three-phase. community-based participatory action research.

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As part of this first phase. 2 steps are included and will be discussed tonight.

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So I will also briefly introduce the future steps. So phase 2 and phase 3. To give you an overall idea of the whole project and I will discuss also the benefits and challenges of this approach as we experience. So far.

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So as for our research team, we are based in the school of public health in the field of public health. But but we are an interdisciplinary research team, ranging from nutrition to communication, to anthropology, to public health and biomedicine.

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we all share a migration experience in Hong Kong.

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And

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we are also ethnically diverse research team as well. So a bit about the background from our research to. So we are base in Hong Kong, which is now a special administrative region of China, and was formerly a British colony until the handover in 1,997,

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and despite the facade of this city as an international and inclusive city, discrimination is still widespread, and it targets specifically South Asians, and this despite they have been a present in the city since its colonial times.

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This marginalization is also reflected in that in the health sector.

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when we see that they have a higher risk, limited access to relevant information and yet poor access to quality care.

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When we focus on South Asian women and Pakistani women more specifically, as a result of intersecting social identities.

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we realize that they feel the need to be heard based on our preliminary studies. They feel disengaged and not care by the health care system. So based on this background, we develop some research objectives so first to closely engage with the Pakistani women community to explore their perceptions and their experiences of health and illness.

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When we develop this research objective, we have in mind the framework of intersectionality by Crenshaw, and the idea of communication injustice by bricks. This is because we want to understand their individual experience as shaped by intersecting social forces

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and not due to their individual circumstances alone. So another research objective was to understand the kind of challenges they face in access in the head care system, and to understand what action needs and concern they had. And lastly, we want to co-produce an action plan to address the community, defined head concern and needs.

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So as for the approach, we selected a community-based participatory action research for a number of reasons. So first, it allows for the community to define what matters to them. So what is the key concern, you know, in this case had concern

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a second. It allows for an equitable participation of our participants as research partners. So in this way it challenges, let's say, conventional approaches to knowledge. Production allows for a more horizontal way of producing knowledge and

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 By doing so, it allows for co-learning and a balance of research and action, and it allows to produce a co-produce, an action plan that actually targets the community defined key concern

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in the long term it facilitates and should promote health equity across the society.

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So when we, with these objectives in mind, and with this approach we decided to build a academic community partnership where Pakistani women work as a research partners, together with an academic researcher and community-based organization that we already were in contact with, and are trusted, we consider.

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trusted by the community as well. This partnership is supposed to allow for iterative co-learning and coproduction.

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so as for the our sample, we decide to include in total 72

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Pakistani women as research partners based on by including different age groups, different income levels, different educational levels and different migration experience. So this to have a more diverse understanding of their health needs and concerns.

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So for the first step we conducted our qualitative exploration of their perception of health, of their health, concern, and needs, and their experiences with health, care and health and illness, so due to time limit. Today, we will focus only on health concern

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and needs.

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So as for the methods, as I mentioned, it was a qualitative exploration. And this is because we believe that qualitative methods were the best suited to explore their nuanced experiences of and the lived experiences of health and illness. So we conducted 12 semi-structured focus group discussion with 72 Pakistani women

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in either English or Urdu, lasting 90 to 150 min.

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We chose focus group discussion and not individual interviews, because we believe that it could facilitate sharing among this group. And we recruit our new research patterns through previous study participants, community-based organizations, online groups and research networks.

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So we try to provide a safe environment for sharing.

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And we use the moment of informed consent not only as a moment to seek consent to join the study, obviously, but also as a moment to set the expectation for the study and to negotiate our relationship and ethics.

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So out of these discussions several paths, concern and needs emerged. And we, after we finalized a list of this health concern and needs, we asked these women to to give us

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our research partner to give us feedback and to add or change if they they. They felt that something was missed in the process. So out of this rich discussion, actually 22 has concern and needs emerged.

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some were related to chronic disease, such as a hypertension or obesity. Some were related to mental and emotional health, some were related to reproductive health, such as the lack of maternity, care, tailor to their needs. Some were related to children heads. So, for example, children died. Some were related to access to health care, such as communication with doctors and discrimination. Some others were

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health behavior, such as lack of exercise, others relate to pain or lack of self-care. So today, due to time limit, I cannot go through all of them. But I want to give you some examples. So again, to understand how these concerns are actually related to

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they're intersecting social identities as migrant in Hong Kong as women, as mother, and the main cares in the family as For those who apply for individuals from a lower socioeconomic status, so this is some of the examples from our informants

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and research participants. Those who don't even know English. They are not educated or they don't know Chinese. They doctors don't give them a follow up at all like they reject their concern. They don't listen, or if they do, then they ignore it.

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or I rarely talk in Chinese. I mostly speak English so that I can know what they are talking about. It's like a cover app. They always keep us behind. And always

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this. Let her rest. This is her attitude.

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There is only one person who is employed, and the children are younger, and in Pakistan, you know, there is no one behind us who can take care of us like we have to take care of the elderly to. So this is something that is a big problem. A person at times also goes into depression because of this. So once again, I cannot go in depth. But it's just to give an idea of the different issues that emerge throughout their accounts.

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So this was the first step of this qualitative exploration where we explored together the health concern and needs. Then we moved to the second step, which was a Pakistani Women Health Club meeting. We call. That happened on a Saturday from 9 30 to 3 P. M.

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In a private community hall. So during this event we have different goals in mind. So first, we want to gather all these women together and promote a sense of belonging to a larger community committed to health.

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We want you to use this opportunity also to share our findings from the focus group discussion and get their feedbacks.

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We also provide them the opportunity of a free health check assessment from our partner, Ngo. And finally, we want

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to run a health concerned concerned consensus survey.

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which which was actually the main goal of this event.

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So, as I mentioned, we came up with 22 has concerns that were that matter to them. And now we want to facilitate the emergence of one concern that we were willing to gather to work on, and it was urgent and relevant to them and their community.

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So first we ran a first round of a short online questioner where we asked for each of these had concerns, whether it was relevant to them, their family and their community. It was in English or and in Urdu, and they, or and in both languages, and they have just to select, whether yes or no, whether it was irrelevant. Out of this first round we ask them. We selected the top 5, the most ranked

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5 concerns. And then we moved to the second round, where the goal was to assess the most relevant, important, urgent to them and their communities. So

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for these 5 health concerns. Once again we asked them whether it was important to them and the community whether it was urgent to them and their community, and whether they were willing to work together on it. So all these different criteria were introduced to understand which concern they were willing to work on.

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So out of 22 health concerns emerged from the focus group discussion, pain was selected by our research partners at the most urgent, relevant and the one that they were, they were more willing to work together on.

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So we are not expecting pain to be the selected one, but that was the result, and it was an interesting one. We can discuss later. And

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one example of of a quote that from our informant on pain would be the biggest problem is that when a mother is ill or unwell, then then the entire home is out of sorts. Only a mother takes care of everyone here. There is no one in the village. You have your people, your mother, your sister, family member. Someone will help here. You have to do everything. I think that's very hard. You take panador

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at the most, at the most you take 2 instead of one. Then, after a couple of hours, you take 2 more. This is an example of how some of these of more inform, and the research Patrick cope with pain.

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So This was the first step where we identify pain as the most urgent, important health concern to them. We are now in the second phase which is ongoing, which is a qualitative exploration of perception and experience of pain, how these women cope and manage and communicate pain in the in the following phase.

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it's going to be a co-production throughout which we hope to collaborately design a pain management action plan.

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If this is the kind of action that these women desire out of the old project.

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So very briefly, I will touch upon some benefits and challenges we face so far in this by relying on this approach. So we have the feeling that community-based participatory action. Research allows to build a long-term trusted and collaborative relationship with the community which can in turn promote quality, research and health equity.

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But it is important to set the expectations and create a safe environment for sharing.

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We feel that is an alternative approach to explore, but also to reduce health disparities. And that

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community-defined key concern is likely to lead to better Taylor care

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by analogy and rely on community knowledge. It allows also for a balance between research and action, and in facilitate coll learning on both sides. We also encounter some challenges so far that we want to share.

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first is how to avoid a Tokenistic participation where engagement is only so formal and superficial. So far we have adapt reflectivity on power, sharing dynamics, and we are, we are trying to discuss on power sharing without jargons. At each stage of our research

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there are issue of confidentiality, confidentiality. When you engage in participatory action research which we feel it's very important and very crucial for the South Asian community in Hong Kong. And so we need, maybe to to use more time during the informed consent process to discuss about confidentiality as well.

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we decide to include a large number of participants relatively number 72. These, a knowledge, a variety of perspective and points of view. On the other hand, it may compromise on participation, so that not everybody participates. equally.

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So. This is the first, like experience of participatory research for both us and for our research partners. So we are co-learning also in the process. So and we also realized that there may be some potential legacy of their negative experience, especially with health professionals and Ngos, and that we have to deal with that.

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So I I think we are you with time? This hour? I think. Thanks for your time.

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Thank you. That was really great. Thank you very much.

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Okay, so next presentation upload it. Hello! Hello!

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Hi! So Alex. Boson. okay, over to you. Okay, thank you.

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Hello, everybody. I'm Alex Bosco. I'm from Vietnam at Barcelona. The math is our Research Center

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belong to the Ministry of Science. But I was 7 years.

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I spent 7 years working in Lonnie v Sierra Frantera in Southern Chile, and today I present some of the results of this

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of this work that I made in

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in this 7 years I lost all my superpowers to speaking, so I bring some nodes with me to stay in time.

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Okay.

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okay. Several cities located in Southern Chile. are classified by the world. Her organization has been among the 10 with worst air quality in Latin America, and every winter cities, like the Moko Kojaek of Al-divia, presents several episodes of environmental emerging emergency

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due to levels of particular matter that widely exceed the standards established by both the world, her organization, and the Chilean industry of the environment.

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like what occurs in other countries.

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The air pollution in Southern Chile is a stationary, and is originated in home-hitting practices.

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and he then energy vulnerabilities.

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although there is no exhaustive It is calculated that 7 in every 10 homes in the south of the country use wood for heating or cooking.

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 A large proportion of good-borne staff users belongs to social boo-level sectors and face financial constraints

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that make access in alternative energy sources on affordable. The narrow relations between rural and urban areas, powers that the the ancestral cultural practice of heating and cooking with firewater cores in cities with tens of thousands of inhabitants. This is only to to show the magnitude of the of the air pollution. The picture of the

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lift!

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It was a a work that I did in an episode in the downtown of the of the city of Tamuko, and if you read the the particular matter, 2.5 is

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247, and the World health organization say that

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the the healthy number is 25 per day. So it's it's it's

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Ok. Over the past 15 years Chilean authorities have declared non-attainment areas

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in several cities due to high level of particular matter. The declaration of non-attainment area is a precondition for tigering an atmospheric. The contamination plan.

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that it's a a normative instrument which typically deploys 5 types of pollution control measures to tend to that that tend to be the first good stuff replacement programs, measures to improve the fuel users in in domestic heatings, for instance, promoting the purchase of certified wood.

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That is, a dry.

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The subsides for the homes, thermal refurbishment, restrictions for and for firewood, boarding in health and emergency periods and educational campaigns.

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Okay? Despite all these efforts made pollution levels remain height and no significant improvement has been observed in in the last decade.

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So it

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the challenge observed it.

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and the challenge is contrary by authorities in fostering energy transitions in Southern Chile can to some extent be attribute to the gap between policy making and delay public

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which is not entirely unexpected, and although that pollution puts people health at risk. Citizen involvement in mitigation policies does not always

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occur. Many people can make conscious decisions to protect themselves from the environmental risk individually, but accepting and being committed to collective decisions about how to improve their quality or less habitual.

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So

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you, one and momentum planning occurs in in the complexity, complexity of dynamic. The context generates a

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social controversies, and sometimes on and on certain features.

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So there are several compelling reasons why it is crucial to explore methods for involving the general public in air quality governments in Southern Tila, first, because it is essential to listen, and involved individuals living in high-poluted areas, second, because the contamination plans

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design creates knowledge gaps that often distance the objective of the incremental policies from the behavior of the public they wish to affect.

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and finally, because the participation of late public and environmental policies can help to improve the quality of the decision making

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provide an information on local knowledge school to and social and economist condition that that only owns to the, to the local, to the locals.

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So in in, in recent decades, social sciences have developed a wide variety of methods that involve

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the public in policy planning, ranging from traditional service to more sophisticated and interactive approaches and a scenario construction matters which include roleplay techniques have been shown to be especially useful for eliciting alternative realities and possible futures. Several outdoors define the

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 role playing as a situation where participants assume a role. they interpret a role in a specific situation or a scenario. The role is taken in a game setting, and

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and it's a safer space

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in which participants can express their opinions freely and creatively.

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So we use a

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 role role play games in

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in this. in this project role playlms are growing in popularity in environmental sociology, because, as they permit the structuring of solution of complex problems, of sociological controversies, well fostering cities and involvement on public governments

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specifically to forward citizens reflections and understanding of the complexity of the rationalities, the the interest, and the public balance which are part of the decision-making processes.

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So we use a role-play to analyze the the deliberations on possible solutions to the problems. pollution in the in Southern Tila, with lay people.

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a total of 48 residents of 6 cities in Southern Chile participated in the in the study. We we we choose Kyaka Temu compared Las Casas and Osorno, where? Because

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are among the 5 cities most polluted in in Chile, and 2 of them every year, are fighting to be the most politic in America, Latina in Latin America.

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and we choose to be a rick and Victoria because they they have not an official system to measure particular matter. But we know that they are as just contaminated as as the other. They they have not, official

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multi-monitoring system, but are contaminated. So they are a good example of that happens in many places in global sort, where incremental problems tend to be invisible.

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So we structured the the citizen participation sessions in some sequential steps. Initially Each participant assumed the role of an advisor

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within a simulated local emergency committee

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tasks with the responsibility of priorizing and agreeing upon a set of of measures.

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Once this scenario was said, the participants were given 6 possible proposals for public intervention, with, of course, the possibility to suggest another alternatives. That were this, we proposed the provision of the

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use of wood, borrowing stoves, and progress in the replacement of pellet or paraffin devices, a a policy must be developed that fathers the use of electricity as the main source of heating substitution of all burning stuffs for district heating systems, the thermal refurbishment. Society program must be a strength, and we propose we propose supporting companies to sell firewood.

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the woodboarding stuff industry, that is to say, a subsidy for the purchase of certified wood and the replacement of the old good stoves. And finally, we propose that

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a policy that that promotes suicide in gas.

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All these options are in the public debate in in Southern Chile.

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so, unfortunately, do the the time constraints. I. I can not go into the tiles of the results, which are extremely region in nuances. So I only bring here the highlights. I'm sure that you, you, you you are happy with with this at this hour, and if somebody someone

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like I can share the the paper that we are sure just just publishing.

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So

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There was a significant variation in the participant's preference, but thermal reformation was the most height. Read, the rated option, followed by the focus on electricity and gas subsided, and the combination between substitution, substitution of pellets to 2 pellets, and the provision of the use of wood, burning, and stuff, and the proposals with less support, were the string heating.

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the promotion of the use of certified wood.

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and these positions were maintained and reinforced it in the subsequent, the back.

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 Why? Why? Why is the refurbishment

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in most blues? Participants agree that the primary advantage, that thermal insulation is the reduction in in in full consumption, and the resulting of economic savings, which is particularly important for Bul-arrival. families, participants across different. This cushion groups also agreed that programs should should pre-rise or be directed toward the most socially

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disadvantaged sectors. Some groups, including in Koyaik Temuk, on a Sorma that have the contamination plans highlighted, that subsidies

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often reaching households that are listing in it, as they must meet certain requirements, for, for instance, the necessity of of for financing some part of the of the installation. It's not much, but it's much for vulnerable families.

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A fuller, more possible aspects of thermal refurbishment were emphasized in the groups. This include reducing of indoor pollution, enhanced aesthetics.

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increase it, conform and well-being for residents and the prevention of risk associated with the summer heatways that are arriving to Southern tin to

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and and participants also identify. To drop backs of this measure the the high economic cost of refurbishment houses in all their neighborhoods. And it's long

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timeframe of implementation that makes this this option difficult. And for all the proposals I have this information, but but I believe that that here is we can close so only for concluding some concluding remarks. The atmospheric, the contamination plans results in reducing

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particular matter. Levels have been modest as this moment. But in bombing citizen, in solving air pollution problems is a possible strategy for for improvement, we use role-playing exercise to analyze alternative intervention scenarios focusing on a strategy for change rather than just participant perceptions.

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 participants emphasize the solutions addressing hiding energy vulnerabilities and the need for clean air, save and comfortable hoses as a fundamental human rights.

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Increasing energy

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and access to alternative energies were a planning decisions to alleviate the thermal discomfort and economic disadvantage. And finally, we think that participatory exercises, like role-playing games, can help policymakers design more effective and fair

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action plans connecting regulation with with actitudes and behaviors while considering the perspectives of late people.

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So thank you very much

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to find our

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people online.

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Stop sharing

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there. We go. Okay, great.

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Okay, so we've got about 15 min for questions. Q. And A, it's not very long, actually, for all those presentations. So yes, so I can see that Branwyn is there?

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And for people online. If you would put your hand up, if you've got

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a question and I'll try and keep an eye open on that. Okay.

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 supposedly you should be sitting on the platform. Those who've presented.

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I think you will be able to use the mics

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when we people or people around the. But right.

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see if it's kind of a. is it working?

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Okay? So you're going to have to run up and down. Yeah, okay, all right. Okay, so there's a question at the back. But you'll have to come to the front, I'm afraid, because it doesn't seem to be, but you can't allow the CPU.

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It was

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yeah.

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Hello! Hello!

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Oh, it is working

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participatory

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in Hong Kong. Very interesting. But I just would like to know more what happened with that woman?

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you!

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 The one is to be heard something like that. But they change their behavior, or Good Hill, or something with that test.

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Okay? So of online people, if you heard that, did you hear that question, you did, okay, go ahead.

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 okay. So

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so I need to be heard. It's actually an expression that emerged from some preliminary interviews that we did before conducting these

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participatory action research. So the idea is that okay? The Hong Kong healthcare system is largely public inherited from the British colonial era. But despite these, and despite this, the claim of equal access to health care

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like these women are complained that they feel not often not her neglected

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in the way that most likely there is not culturally competent care, like most of the doctors, are ethnically Chinese, there is not a international more diverse, ethnic, ethical professional force.

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And although there are issues with language. So, although there are some interpretation, services that are provided are not, this is not enough.

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And yeah, they they feel that there is a gap in communication, and when we use the framework of communication, justice is because this gap is not just about the language, but it is about these intersecting inequalities that they experience. So.

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for when they talk about their health concern, actually, it's not just about health. And when I talk about the language is not just about language alone. So we wish

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to address this kind of issue by engaging more collaborative with them.

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I'm not sure if I answer, but yeah.

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yes.

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Okay. So one of the findings that you said was pain was one of the key ones that you found. But you said that that wasn't necessarily what you expected to find.

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Could you talk a little more about maybe what you expected to find? Because I might have missed that piece if you did. Yeah, yeah, yeah, on the our researcher team, we we were expecting, based on our knowledge of the community issues related to chronic disease or emotional health.

439
01:28:56.709 --> 01:29:10.900
because we knew that especially we had another research conducted during COVID-19 and emotional struggling emerge as a key issue, especially in a situation of social isolation which was shared by

440
01:29:11.299 --> 01:29:16.469
most of us, but for some migrants who are even more severe, right.

441
01:29:16.530 --> 01:29:26.390
and yet pain. was selected as the most relevant and urgent, and the one they were more willing to work on. So first we were surprised, but then.

442
01:29:26.510 --> 01:29:46.480
as the more we thought about it, and the more we engaged with the idea of pain. Actually it made sense, because we know from the anthropology sociology of pain that it's so difficult to explain and express through words, and very often the biomedical word tries to

443
01:29:46.480 --> 01:29:58.220
measure it or use it in a way that everybody can feel this gap between the pain, the experience, and the encounter with the the

444
01:29:58.632 --> 01:30:19.240
health care professionals. So if you put these a miscommunication in the context of migration, where already these women feel this need to be heard right? You can understand how pain can be. an experience that is largely neglected and dismissed. And they, although it's a daily

445
01:30:19.240 --> 01:30:35.590
mit Ctl. And experience that they have to cope with right. So we have already started the the second step, the second phase where we are exploring pain. And there is this idea of how the headcare profession are dismissing that experience some somehow 150

446
01:30:36.770 --> 01:30:37.709
voice.

447
01:30:41.250 --> 01:30:50.769
Hi, everyone! My name is Sally Bashford Squirez. I'm from Nottingham Trent University. Thank you for your fascinating presentations. I think I've learnt.

448
01:30:51.360 --> 01:31:05.459
Oh, sorry. Can you hear me now? I think. Yeah, I've learned something from each and every one of you. It's been really, really interesting. Thank you, Professor Linda, for stepping in and sharing as well. My question is to Branwyn. I found your presence.

449
01:31:08.020 --> 01:31:09.500
I was sure. Sure. Yeah.

450
01:31:09.709 --> 01:31:10.510
okay.

451
01:31:10.730 --> 01:31:22.100
I wanted to ask you why you were just talking about pain. So that is the nest stage of your research. So in what context are you looking at pain? Because you talked about emotional

452
01:31:22.379 --> 01:31:23.700
well-being?

453
01:31:23.760 --> 01:31:46.959
And so that was something that you were expecting to see. But then so was pain the common words that they were saying, because that can still be linked. Yeah, emotional well-be. Or are you looking at pain from more of the clinical perspective of your next stage. Actually, because, as as actually, you mentioned them, we are, and interdisciplinary.

454
01:31:47.110 --> 01:32:06.340
a multidisciplinary team right? So there are some like doctors, some myself. I'm an anthropologist, so we don't want to label pain in in a specific way, but we pain emerge. Some were referring more to physical pain, Nipe back pain, and so on, and some others were

455
01:32:06.340 --> 01:32:22.260
bit more in general about fatigue, and so on. So we don't want to put a label on it, but we want them to define what matters. And because it's still based on on face group on life course, so based on age. Most likely we will not

456
01:32:22.330 --> 01:32:34.689
and develop like co-produce. One action plan, but several small action plan related to the pain that emerge from each of these group.

457
01:32:34.720 --> 01:32:38.949
But at this stage I cannot really say, because it is a process. Right?

458
01:32:39.250 --> 01:32:40.810
Thank you for your question.

459
01:32:41.930 --> 01:32:43.250
Somebody sooner.

460
01:32:52.100 --> 01:33:19.350
Hey? Hi, Bronwyn. You can see me now, my colleagues just suggested. I came up so we could see each other face to face. yeah, I was really interested in your presentation, because I also researched an indigenous farmers Group women's group in Uganda who farmed together so lots of parallels with your research. My question to you is that, are your farming group impacted by climate change? Are they adapting their methods to deal with climate change?

461
01:33:19.350 --> 01:33:29.849
And are they doing anything to mitigate the impact of climate change. Because that's something I found hugely in my research. And I found that indigenous methods really helped deal with

462
01:33:30.030 --> 01:33:31.500
the impact of climate.

463
01:33:31.580 --> 01:33:36.560
Branwen Peddi: Thank you. Does that make sense? Yeah, that definitely made sense. And thanks for that question.

464
01:33:36.620 --> 01:33:41.090
Branwen Peddi: so climate change definitely, I mean, it's not something that

465
01:33:41.220 --> 01:33:48.049
Branwen Peddi: specifically comes up in my study. So it's not a particular focus, but

466
01:33:48.390 --> 01:34:00.390
Branwen Peddi: of course it it intersects with with a lot of these farming practice for practices from these pharma groups.  so first of all, I mean, you have these these

467
01:34:01.020 --> 01:34:11.720
Branwen Peddi: changes in rainfall pattern which a very office you have from droughts. You have more. the the predictability, let's say, of when the rainfall pattern will start will change.

468
01:34:11.950 --> 01:34:17.700
Branwen Peddi: And then what's interesting? There is that? Because at least 2 cases I. So the first case was in the upper eastern region.

469
01:34:17.750 --> 01:34:23.240
Branwen Peddi: There these effects were much more pronounced in a for a crew, for instance.

470
01:34:23.310 --> 01:34:41.090
Branwen Peddi: So now. But Eastern region you saw a lot of farmers were actively discussing it were relating a lot of the droughts So in the time when I was there the rains were delayed for one to 2 months, so planting season was delayed for one to 2 months as well.

471
01:34:41.150 --> 01:34:55.640
Branwen Peddi: And that's also brought a lot of food insecurities as well. So what you had there, the effect of that is was mainly because you already had this pattern of of seasonal migration happening with all these farmers

472
01:34:55.650 --> 01:35:02.759
Branwen Peddi: that then increases. Actually. So you have a a lot more out migration and towards areas like foricrum, for instance.

473
01:35:03.160 --> 01:35:14.970
Branwen Peddi: But then I also noticed, because I 40 crew, I mean, this is as, of course, this is something that that also formal groups who are dealing with, but it wasn't as urgent or as pressing.

474
01:35:15.060 --> 01:35:19.510
Branwen Peddi: so there is the idea of we are losing indigenous varieties, and so on.

475
01:35:19.780 --> 01:35:25.130
Branwen Peddi: wasn't necessarily coupled with climate change in the discourse. Let's say, when talking about interviews.

476
01:35:25.430 --> 01:35:34.380
Branwen Peddi: so that's very interesting as well, because there, of course, yeah, you have a different ecosystem and also prolonged cropping season as well.

477
01:35:34.660 --> 01:35:49.569
Branwen Peddi: that there the impacts were. Maybe also, I I'm not a climatologist, of course, but I can imagine, therefore maybe the impacts want us obvious or easy, or or visually, or of easy felt by by farmers, I'd say.

478
01:35:49.910 --> 01:35:53.169
Branwen Peddi: Well, on the up East. It was so.

479
01:35:54.380 --> 01:36:02.000
Branwen Peddi: for example, in the Up East, you have certain Ngos that were actively working on that a lot of development interventions are also targeting that

480
01:36:02.200 --> 01:36:24.489
Branwen Peddi:  especially. Also I I I'd met with some academics who also looked into ways of of learning from from this, from certain indigenous practices that really cope with droughts specifically, and trying to bring that then towards the southern parts of Ghana, where where trials were expected to increase in the future as well.

481
01:36:24.550 --> 01:36:26.480
Button, and and that's

482
01:36:26.500 --> 01:36:37.799
Branwen Peddi: in the case of 40 crew that didn't really come to the forefront. So that's very interesting as well, actually, so, thanks for mentioning that. But there are farming groups who are mainly trying to deal with. Yeah.

483
01:36:37.960 --> 01:36:49.579
Branwen Peddi: they to maybe not day to day, but like trying to to get it to the market. Let's say so. That was mainly what what we tried. And also these exchanges between them.

484
01:36:49.910 --> 01:37:00.550
Branwen Peddi: so yeah, that's some insight I can give to you. But it's it's interesting. Yeah. And so it's definitely something that that farmer groups are also yeah towards the future.

485
01:37:00.720 --> 01:37:04.119
along with them. Also to have to deal with, of course.

486
01:37:05.160 --> 01:37:08.710
Branwen Peddi: So yeah. thank you.

487
01:37:10.070 --> 01:37:11.400
The

488
01:37:16.430 --> 01:37:34.250
Hi. sorry I can. Everybody hear me? Okay, cool. My name is Ashley. I'm from Deakin University and I'm doing some work around the health equity impacts of racism in Australia during the COVID-19 pandemic. And what we can kind of learn from that going forward.

489
01:37:34.310 --> 01:37:47.310
and that has led to a lot of the findings coming out of those interviews. has really pointed to a strong need for more collaborative approaches to practice and research and policy like basically all of it.

490
01:37:47.370 --> 01:37:54.560
and so I'm learning furiously trying to learn about co-produced research and actually try to get my head around it so I can

491
01:37:54.570 --> 01:38:10.020
do it myself. So I really appreciated every presentation. I might direct this more at the 3 people we haven't, who haven't had a question yet just in the in the interest of equity. but I just, I would like to know, because something that keeps coming up. People tell me

492
01:38:10.280 --> 01:38:11.410
that

493
01:38:11.470 --> 01:38:37.939
the ideal and most ethical and most equitable way to do truly collaborative co- knowledge, co-producing, participatory action work. It doesn't always align with what you end up being able to do through. Yeah, you know, basically funding constraints and the universities, ethics, protocols, and all that kind of all this kind of barriers that come up, and I've been told, like you know, what what you end up really, really wanting to do and what your

494
01:38:38.180 --> 01:38:57.349
you know, communities and participants actually want to do won't end up aligning necessarily with what you end up being practically able to do. And I would like to hear from people about how they've overcome those kinds of challenges themselves, and I guess what advice you might have for newcomers who are feeling a little bit overwhelmed about that, and you know how to kind of

495
01:38:57.400 --> 01:39:05.149
go about, you know, managing it. It's probably too complicated a question for this forum, but if anyone has any wisdom to share, I guess

496
01:39:05.900 --> 01:39:15.109
I wouldn't mind just one quick. And then over to you. And it's interesting what you say, and I think in terms of like formal research grants.

497
01:39:15.330 --> 01:39:18.039
it has been hugely problematic.

498
01:39:18.150 --> 01:39:20.369
But I think there is a shift.

499
01:39:20.480 --> 01:39:25.880
and we're increasingly seeing that

500
01:39:25.890 --> 01:39:30.850
funders are asking for evidence of

501
01:39:30.920 --> 01:39:46.679
strong and trusted partnerships. So not just partnerships that are thrown together strategically for a grant, but they want to see evidence that you've worked together, and that you can work together, and you're going to produce at the end. So I think there's a shift in that.

502
01:39:46.730 --> 01:39:50.230
And certainly, you know, they're also asking

503
01:39:50.250 --> 01:40:07.559
for a demonstration of a commitment to community engagement and involvement. So it's not perfect. But I think there is a shift going on towards that. If that gives you any hope, I'm not sure others will have more to.

504
01:40:07.930 --> 01:40:12.130
Yeah, I'll add, really quick to just while I sit here.

505
01:40:12.260 --> 01:40:19.949
I do. I do think that I'm an early career researcher myself.

506
01:40:19.960 --> 01:40:37.169
and I've had the ability to start a lot of mine. Our interdisciplinary work and international work. And you do come into problems where it comes into getting grants and things like that. But one thing that I've really found that's important is finding like-minded people

507
01:40:37.170 --> 01:40:53.339
that want to produce not only results in work, but also continue to develop that on a regular basis, and having that communication and really talking on a regular basis is one of the things that I've really seen.

508
01:40:53.340 --> 01:41:09.030
for myself, that's been beneficial in trying to get those people to work with me and to work with them in terms of just producing that and looking to first create, you know, a background like Linda just mentioned.

509
01:41:09.030 --> 01:41:23.669
Because I think that's really important, because, as she mentioned, like a lot of the Grants want to see that you have done some type of work together, and then you start producing into some of that research and getting some of those grants. So that's what I'll add as well.

510
01:41:25.570 --> 01:41:53.969
Yeah, I think. Thank you for that question, because, I think, is very relevant to us at square, because we also so constrained in the funding. So, for example, when we want to do the intervention, try to organize multiple activities between local governments and also traditional owners communities. We also got limited funding to organize. So we end up, you know, organized as one event, and that lead to a lot of

511
01:41:54.100 --> 01:42:08.859
you know. proposal after the post Forum interviews that all right where your follow-up activities great next activities, and we don't have that unsure about that, because we don't have funding to go forward.

512
01:42:08.870 --> 01:42:29.689
So I think that first thing is like is is conflict. And we we from our research perspective, we we need to, you know, try our best in order to, you know, bring forward activities. The second thing that we learn from the Knowledge Co production is that, first of all, we need to be very respectful

513
01:42:29.690 --> 01:42:47.179
and forget about your being a social researcher you got. Psd, you are, Professor, right? And you going to educate people, I think, instead, us go there and you do as a participant. And you learn about the people learning about the that culture.

514
01:42:47.180 --> 01:43:03.129
And we got that so much during the adaptation forum where traditional owner know is they organize activities, and they start by smoking events, and they introduce a lot about Jada Warren's traditional. They have one

515
01:43:03.280 --> 01:43:20.339
one session of meditation, and as everyone stay around under the tree, and just reflect on the history on the land of the Jaguaran people. The third thing is that I think that it's really important to

516
01:43:20.620 --> 01:43:33.730
to combine and try to find for different methods, because my background sociology. But I work in the interdiscipline theme, and many of them from behavior, science, psychology.

517
01:43:33.730 --> 01:43:53.650
even harsh science. And I think that is really important to 5 for be open and get the perspective from people through qualitative research, like role playing that you propose. So I think that is really important. So yeah, we we try our best. I that that's yeah.

518
01:43:56.120 --> 01:44:05.529
So if you got a question, a quick one, because I think the session probably maybe 3 things. First, that

519
01:44:05.690 --> 01:44:13.839
the research can be funny for the participants, and I believe that it's important to think in a creative mode to

520
01:44:13.870 --> 01:44:18.420
to this thing, an accurative model to co-creation.

521
01:44:18.470 --> 01:44:23.640
and, second, that I believe that it's important that the

522
01:44:23.800 --> 01:44:28.840
the relation between the participant and the researcher. It is not necessarily that the

523
01:44:28.940 --> 01:44:30.880
when, when

524
01:44:31.240 --> 01:44:33.659
when the project finish

525
01:44:33.700 --> 01:44:43.719
 and especially in cases when you work on vulnerable participants.

526
01:44:44.110 --> 01:44:51.440
 and I believe that these are the 2 things that I can read with the other thing, because

527
01:44:51.850 --> 01:44:52.850
I

528
01:44:56.390 --> 01:45:18.580
thank you. Everyone. I think that's been a really fantastic session. really, thank you. To all the presenters who are absolutely, really fantastic. And really, you know, bring together some core issues, don't they? And and also we had to be collaborative and do it ourselves, didn't we? So we did it. So well done, everyone. So

529
01:45:22.190 --> 01:45:23.710
okay.

530
01:45:23.990 --> 01:45:33.070
we'll keep you on there. Okay, so that you also collaborate in the photo. Okay? So so yeah.

531
01:45:38.500 --> 01:45:40.040
one of those things.

532
01:45:40.990 --> 01:45:45.610
No, everyone. Why not everyone. Yeah. Let's have everyone.