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Or the acknowledgment. Yeah.

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Good morning. This is Dr. Jay Shi. I'm Mayeriker from Central Ministry of Gujarat, India.

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I'm here to share the session. And today's session organiser is Dr. Rima from Center for Strategic Research.

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R Republic of Pascotosna, Russia. And we have. Our presenter was here for the session.

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Rather the session's team is potential of big data and poverty assessment. So this is the succession of working group 0 5 day 3 and we have 3 presenters who are online.

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I welcome them also. So the first presenter is Lamita Gupta. She is going to talk on right to housing for poor in rural India, a critical evaluation of Pradhan Manti I was Yojuna Gramin in Punjab, India.

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And rest online speakers. I'll be with you. Before that, we would like to make an acknowledgement of the country.

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Amir? Yeah. On behalf of everyone gathered, I pay respect to the spirit of country here in NAMe where we are meeting.

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I acknowledge the past and Present cooling nation wearing doom long wearing as the sovereign people here. The cultural knowledge holder who maintain and promote the normal aboriginal laws customs and custodianship.

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Responsibility for country and the people. That country continues to sustain generation after generation. Into the future for all of us.

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I recognise the important contribution that first nations thinkers have made to sociology. Including challenges to our dominant ways of thinking we thank all First Nation delegates in the room today for the contribution to knowledge in the discipline.

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So before starting, I would like to. Once again, make a warm welcome to all the audience and the presenters over your online and offline and here we start with our session.

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Thank you very much. Please come.

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Respected chair session organizer and co-presenters. A very warm good morning to all of you.

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Can you on my PPT?

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Yeah, that's just.

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So I'm here to talk about state-led housing for poor in rural India. Critical Evaluation of Prohanment 3 of our in Punjab.

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2 of the people accompanying me in the session are from India so they must be knowing about with predominantly of But for my friends from overseas, this is a scheme introduced by Government of India for ensuring right to housing in the rural area.

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Why? What is the context is that 67% of the Indian population lives in villages and rural economy is a substantial contribution to the national income.

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Despite this, rural households, specifically if you say vulnerable groups, they live in a very poor housing.

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And housing in rural areas have always been ignored throughout the world. Maybe we can say that partially it is because of again and again in UN reports also in UN estimates also we are talking about that people are, there is rapid urbanization, people are moving from rural areas to urban areas.

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It is assumed that when people are more and more people are moving in urban areas, so there will be no more people in rural areas.

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So there will be no housing issue at all in the rural area and this is same what has happened in India also.

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Oh, gradually rural housing has been ignored by the planners also in last. Many decades. We see some housing schemes in India.

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So first was in 1,957 as far as rural housing is concerned. Then there was another scheme was launched in 1,980 when there was a constitutional amendment under 70 third and 74 constitutional amendment in the Constitution of India which Oh, which, decentralized, the government and the responsibility of housing

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was partially given to the local government and the private sector was involved but when private sectors were involved the private sector started focusing on urban housing because rural housing somewhere was not profitable.

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So again at the policy making level, rural housing was taking a back seat and now when privatisation took place again the focus was because it was not profitable again rural housing was never a concern.

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So that is when in 2,015 a scheme was introduced in India for housing in the rural area also and there was similar Dramine is rural.

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So similarly this was for the urban area also. So it's mandate was to provide housing for all by 2,022 and it aspired to construct 29.5 million houses by 2022 in 2 phases.

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Phase one was 2,016 to 19 and then 1922.

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Why I took a study of Punjab. Punjab is basically an agricultural economy.

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More than 62% of the population, more than 62% of the population still stays in agricultural economy.

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More than 62% of the population still stays in a rural area. More than 62% of the population still stays in a rural area and there was no more than 62% of the population still stays in a rural area.

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And there is a huge gap between what is required housing number and what is existing. And there was a census in 2,011 which stated that the proportion of rural households living in dilapidated conditions in Punjab has been 7.5.

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And national average is lower than this. So, 6.5 and in Punjab it is more concerned because Punjabi is considered one of the most prosperous state.

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Is one of the most prosperous state in India. And as far as ranking in this scheme is concerned out of 29 states, Punjab is ranked at 24.

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Punjab is ranked at 24. So it is one of the poorly performing states as far as rural housing is concerned.

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More than 12.5 like families were found to be living in katsa houses kocha houses are the houses without proper bricks So of these around 70% are Dalits, Dalits are the most vulnerable groups.

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So that is again more concerned that a rural area somewhere is marginalized and within rural area also it is the poor and the diets which are more marginalized.

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So the study was conducted on the households which has completed the construction of the house by March. 30 first, 2020, so 100 households were surveyed.

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A semi-structured interview was prepared. All 3 blocks. Mohali were covered.

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We have, though the scheme is too huge, but I have taken certain important parameters. One is identification and selection of beneficiaries.

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There was a cast to a based census which was conducted in India in 2,011 and that was taken as a base to identify beneficiaries.

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So in the beneficiaries also they took beneficiaries who are in those also they took identified vulnerable groups for example this they give preference to houseless than those who are in 0, one or 2 houses, how room houses with kaja wall and kacha roof and there were 13 parameters to check that

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who is eligible and who is not. So this is about identification and preference was given to a Siddulca, schedule tribes, minorities and others.

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So vulnerable groups were given preference in identification. But how they were selected was a more democratic and very interesting process was because after 70,074 constitutional amendment the local government became powerful so gram Sava is the lowest level unit at the village level in India.

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So the Gram Sava was given power to select the beneficiary. So they have to check the 13 parameters, they will held meetings and there is a provision of a Gram Roosevelt.

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I don't know it is there in other states also, but it is there in Punjab.

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This Grand Roosevelt, a Hayek are basically, but it is there in Punjab.

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These Grand Roos, they are in Punjab. These Grand Rosagasa Hayek are basically volunteers at the appointed by the government at the village level who facilitate in implementing the policy.

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Earlier they were more for employment, but later on they were given other policies also. So it is, through their help, the grants have identified the people, then they check, they reject those who are not with those who are not within the purview.

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And the final list is everything is online, so it is finally it is put into Avars soft.

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Our soft is a software which shows the progress of each and every house. I just put a number then you can see that the house is under which stage of construction, how much money has been transferred.

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So gradually with to ensure transparency and accountability. Some system has been introduced. So if you see the number of households were identified initially.

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There were around 3,301 then many were rejected 70 and 66 were rejected out of that also they were sorted out and finally only 7 0 3 were identified so there is a large number of rejection I'll come to why the rejection is.

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What are the key observations? So more than 50% of the beneficiaries were rejected at a later stage.

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One reason and one gap in the policy is that it is a it has to be in the time one year period the house has to be constructed but the policy when the policy was made how it was implemented took more than 6 7 years.

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For example, the first census-based sensors was in 2,011 the registration took place in 2,016 grants were released in 2,017 and final process got completed in 2,019 so it took more than 8 years.

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So those who are living in dilapidated houses, obviously many of them who could manage. Money they constructed their own houses obviously when the final survey was conducted they were rejected.

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Similarly there are lots of migrant agricultural labels because Punjab is an agricultural area so lots of migrants from nearby states.

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Come during season. So many were agricultural labour. They migrated and they never come back specifically. It happened after COVID that many did not come back earlier they used to come every year so they got deleted and there is a there is a shift in Punjab where many people are going abroad in last 3 days I could see lots of

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Punjabi in Australia also. So when people left. From the from the rural areas obviously there was nobody staying behind so they deleted the name so that that is one of the major reason that 50% got rejected at the later stage.

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Second important aspect is vulnerable groups as I said in the beginning that the target of this right to housing was poor and vulnerable groups.

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So first target was landless beneficiary. Those who. Who did not have any land at all? So they were in the highest priority.

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So from where they will get the land, it was the responsibility of the government to give the government land or there are common village lands in India.

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There's a concept of in Punjabi call it Shamlat land where which is used by the village or community ownership land.

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So throughout Punjab there were 12,376 houses given to the landless households, but in the district in which I have worked in Mahali, there was not even a single landless beneficiary which was identified.

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When I asked the people they were a little bit hesitant and they told that as it is the village land and everybody can access it they have a little bit apprehension that why we should give it to one person.

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So they are not ready to depart with the land and obviously shifting land in the name of some person, even if it is just 25 m² it is a it is it it involves a lot of paperwork so what was happening was that no landless people who should have been the priority you know highest priority were getting ignored.

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So this is how it, in Punjab there are no scheduled, no schedule tribes identified so there are no houses to SD.

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Houses has been given to scheduled caste, minorities, pHs, physically handicapped.

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So disabled, there was a provision for disabled, but surprisingly there was no disabled who was a lot in house.

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And the reason was they are not staying alone. They are staying with somebody. So the house has been allotted obviously on their name. So the house has been allotted obviously on their name.

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So there's one another gap which was there. In last few or years, whatever government policies have been specifically on housing has been introduced.

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For example, in all the policies, even in urban slums, wherever government give houses, even in urban slums, wherever government give houses, it makes it sure that the house is either registered in the name of the government give houses it makes it sure that the house is either registered in the name of the women or in the

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joint name. In housing schemes in urban areas also. So here also they mandated that preference must be.

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They are not saying that it is compulsory because there can be households where there is no women.

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But preference has to be given to that house should be transferred in the name of women. So with we are basically targeting women empowerment also that women have some property in their name.

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Except obviously if the person is video unmarried, separated. Interestingly, the only according to the policy it has to be a scheme it has to be preference should be given to the women but if you see I have showed data in Punjab majority of the houses were allotted in the name of women.

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In 2,01670, 84.9% in 1718, 77.5 4%.

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So majority were getting the house on the name of women and when I asked them why or in the joint name secondly and then third was it was in the name of men when I asked they said that it is easy.

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To get in the name of women, you get loans also easily. So. But indirectly it has a trickle-down impact and women was getting empowered because at least you were saying that house is in my name.

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Then, the hand holding is there at every stage of the construction of the house. For example, if we talk about size of the house there was some disparity here because Punjab is a prosperous state.

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There's no so much acute poverty as they are in some other regions. So, the scheme provides that the house should not be more than 25 m² which the government give money to construct.

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But in 96% of the beneficiaries which I surveyed 100 households, they have constructed houses more than 25 m².

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So we could though there are softwares as I talked about Avas software but you can there is very easy to use just show that much on the us to you take a screenshot of that much house which is permitted and but you were constructing the larger one for example 46% were covering area more than 25 to 50

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square meters, 42%, 50 to 75 m². And 12% above 75 m² so they were constructing huge houses some portion was getting constructed from money got under the scheme rest they were getting loans and they were getting constructed bigger house and 4 house per cent houses were constructed under 25 m²

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also. So they were not, if you will see, none of them were basically complying with the size of the house.

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Time frame was 12 months and thanks to that Avars software because they have to upload the photos on every stage of the house and only then the second installment is released at every stage of the house and only then the second installment is released.

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They have to upload the photos on every at every stage of the house and only then the second installment is released that so many at every stage of the house and only then the second installment is released.

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So, 97% of the beneficiaries stated that they have been given completed their house within the time.

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There were few reasons when it was not Assistance was provided during construction also. So the government provided the maps also, the design also of the houses.

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There was a list of designs which have been provided throughout the India for hearing healy terrains there are separate list designs list of designs and the households can choose the kind of design which they want out of theirs and they have provided assistance as I talked about RAM Roszar Sahaya earlier also we call them

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GRS so they were helping them at each stage from where to procure the material, how to get the things done.

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Transfer of funds was very easy. It was in 3 installments. The amount of installment varied from state to state at Mid state also district to district.

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So for example, they will give 30,000 immediately after the house has been sanctioned. 72,000 when the foundation has been laid.

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So they have to click a photograph, they have to put it in the Aware software and then the second installment is released.

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And then the third was at the 18,000. So it was done smoothly and it was directly coming to their account.

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So the early innovations that the money is not getting transferred in the name of the people and somewhere a middleman is taking the benefit that has been ruled out.

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And last important feature of this scheme is convergence with other scheme. In India as a student of public administration and working in the field of human rights.

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We have been hearing again and again that there are multiple schemes which are overlapping and there are conflicting also.

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So here what now government has done a government has been doing is that they are converging the schemes for example all the other schemes which have been created they are they have been converged with this scheme I'll just give you one example there is Mahatma Gandhi national employment guarantee scheme which give 90% or 90 days of unskilled

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labor. Each and every household. Now this 90 days has been given to the person for construction of his own house.

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So if my house is getting constructed under the scheme, Pahanman Three-hawaras Yoshina, government said that you take benefit of this scheme, you work, construct your own house for 90 days and we will pay you.

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So rather than paying to the labor you get 90 days of labor also and you can construct your own house.

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Similarly, they was a SCHMIDT mission where the government provided ₹12,000 for the construction of the toilet.

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So when I am aing benefit of one scheme, earlier it used to be if you are a failing benefit of one scheme you can't take it of the other.

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But now they said you take benefit of that 12,000 also you get toilet constructed. Similarly LPG collections were provided under one scheme.

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So you can take benefit of various schemes while taking benefit of one scheme also. So you can take benefit of various schemes while taking benefit of one scheme also.

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So they have been converged well. Reporting and monitoring and Grivan's red red cell mechanism is very important for the success of any scheme.

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That is very important for the success of any scheme. So there are state program management units which have been created in 2,016 which monitor.

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So there are state program management units which have been created in 2,016 which monitor geotagging units which have been created in 2,016 which monitor geotagging is there mobile applications are there so now the system has become What are the key issues and challenges?

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One major issue though the policy is very good and it is doing good work in the rural areas. But it exclude 2 most vulnerable sections, physically challenged and landless household, which weakens the mandate of the scheme that it is targeting to the mandate of the scheme that it is targeting to the vulnerable groups.

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Secondly, machinery which is there to carry out such a massive program is not trained. Third, when you talk to GRS, Grand Ozgar Sahayak, one Gram Rose Gas Sahayak is responsible for 15 to 20 villages.

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So in every village there are so many houses getting constructed. So if one person is catering to 20 villages and every village is not so nearby that you can travel in.

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Punjab, they are at some distance. So it is not possible to cater. So it is not possible to cater so they all the villagers, so somewhere it overburdens them and it affects the effective implementation of the scheme.

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Then there are low convergence of certain schemes. For example, as I talked about employment scheme, 90 days later, that is very well converged.

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But as far as 5 to water supply scheme is concerned, that was not converged because people were less aware about certain schemes.

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So the convergence was not uniform in all the schemes. In Punjab, one major issue related to housing which has been ignored is migrant labors.

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They are large, they are around 2.5 million seasonal agricultural migrant labels which come to Punjab every season during agricultural season, sewing and cutting.

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But there are no houses for them. So we have to find a way out that though they have come for the temporary period they go back but there should be some housing.

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It is it is a necessity. It is not a luxury. And grievance reduction mechanism is at the state level at the district level but missing at the village and local level.

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For example, I just give example that how complaint mechanism is not so effective till March, 2,020 government received only 70 complaints and out of that only 50% got resolved.

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So there is a mechanism but there is still. Little bit gaps in the implementation. I'll sum up by saying that we have to see generally how housing policies are or any policy are constructed are created by a sitting earlier planning commission now in Ethiopian A/C cabins and most of the people who are creating these policies are from

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urban background. We have to understand that when we are creating some housing policy for the rural area for urban people the housing may be just a commodity but for rural people it is not only a commodity or a product of consumption it is their way of life it provides them productivity it impact their socio-cultural economic environment for example when

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they were designing it was decided that there should be some open area which in India we call veranda where they can sit and they can discuss.

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So in urban area maybe we don't require that but in rural area that is part of their culture so they require it.

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And it is also part of carrying out production also for example most of the agricultural people in rural areas they keep kettles also.

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So whenever you are designing houses, you are making housing policy for the rural people. It can't be same.

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Yardsticks can't be adopted each other for the urban area. So housing programs therefore will have to take care of these various dimensions of the housing activity.

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So that we can truly target the vulnerable groups. Thank you so much. Any questions?

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So, in a sense. Oh.

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Your observation? Please introduce yourself. But, I also, with business in Zimbabwe right now, I could see the people who might read it to other countries, they are also practicing the ways of life, to other countries. They're also practicing the ways of life of the room, in their room guidelines.

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They are also using the one Thank you. They're also using the modern equipments in the kitchens and also using the Pulatava and keeping their cattle.

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So it's very important that what are their requirements and the government should understand that. And one thing more that you say that the policies and programs which are being made are being done by the bureaucrats.

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Who belong to their urban centers. So it's very difficult actually that. They understand the rural mindset and the way of life the people follow in rural areas.

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And keeping these things in mind. And making the policies in implement in a better way.

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Sure. Thank you so much for patient hearing. Yeah, sure. So I'm looking forward.

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Thank you.

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Sure. I just.

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Yes.

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Yeah, the online presenters. Am I audible to you? Yeah. Yeah, please.

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Yes, I can hear you.

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Yeah, please introduce yourself. Anything that I would like to share.

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I'm Dr.

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Okay, ma'am.

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From Banja University Chandler I teach in U university in our university institute top legal studies.

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Can I share my screen? Okay.

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Yeah, yeah, ma'am. Please go ahead and I welcome you.

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Hey.

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I think it is visible.

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Yeah, yeah, it's it's pretty visible

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Just coming here.

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Yeah, yeah, mum it's visible And now you can start your presentations.

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Okay.

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My topic is on social inequalities. In are rapidly changing. Right.

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The impact of climate. We'll disrupt the natural economic and social system on which we depend upon. This disruption is impacting global food insecurities, damaging infrastructures, jobs and harm, human health, etc.

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These impacts are unevenly distributed all around the world, but some countries are facing far greater risk than others.

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However, all the countries, communities and companies are feeling the effect of climate change. The climate change is deeply connected with the global pattern of inequality.

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The most vulnerable people are via the burnt or climate change impact in respect of that they are contributing least.

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To this prices. As the impact of climate change amount, millions of vulnerable people face disproportionate challenges in terms of extreme even Health fact, food is a security livelihood security water security and cultural.

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Hi, identity, etc. Certain social groups are particularly vulnerable to such crisis. For example, female-headed household, children, people with disability, indigenous people, and ethnic minorities, landless, tenants, migrant workers, displayed person, gender minorities.

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Older people and others socially marginalized group. The root cause of the vulnerability lies in the combination of geographical location.

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That is their financial socioeconomic. And they are assessed to services decision meeting and Just that climate change is more than I know environmental crisis.

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It is a social crisis. And compels us to address issues of inequalities on many levels between wealthy and the poor countries between rich and the poor within the countries and between men and women and between generations.

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This intergovernmental panel on climate has highlighted the need for climate solution that confirmed to the principles of climate justice for many effective development outcome.

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The present paper is going to discuss this both developing as well as in the developing countries. The world does admit rapid revolutionary and often disruptive technology breaking through advantages in the biological or genetic Robert or artificial intelligence threed Briton and digital technology as transforming economic and society with unfolding often unseen consequences.

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For all its Promised technology change. Thanks to create winners and losers and at current space bringing new and urgent policy challenges for navigating uncharted terrorism.

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Much depend upon how these policies play out, especially in the degree of national or international institution addressing the distributional effect and maximizing the benefit and opportunity that new technology can bring and harm that is faced by due to them due to interference with the nature.

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Then my next. Is the link the link between inequalities and the development. The link between climate change and inequality depends upon 2 things.

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Fast is the channel through which the climate impact. Our pet and the second is Detrimantal of how these impacts are experienced by different groups or the people.

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First is channels through which the climate change exert its effect whether they are immediate or pan out over time or climate change impact are felt both directly or indirectly on their livelihood.

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Morality agriculture and food price and labor productivity. These are reinforced one another. The negative effect of changing climate on health, agriculture, food price and the labor productivity may also undermine opportunity to give up living.

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The inability to sustain decent livelihood in terms is likely to exert the harmful health effects of climate change.

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And the livelihood climate change as a direct impact on the assess or resources need to be That distinction of the house or infrastructure degradation of the ecological resources and loss of biodiversity effect or but the wealth of these Those in poor is more likely to be concentrated in material form such as like a housing or livestock

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or their asset more. Jajal, in addition environmental damage swearly harm livelihood that our climate sensitivity including agriculture and fishing.

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These are all you're not natural. Sussex can force these are relevant on them and their livelihood to seek other sources of income such as by shifting from crop based hybrid livestock based on agriculture or wage labor employment.

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However, our alternative may not always be. Visible or feasible. Such shift may also occur high cost or retain the acquisition of new technology climate.

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Change can also accelerate intergenerational inequality. Since worsen condition, present. Greater challenges of succeeding generation.

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Impact of that occurred today can be long lasting effect particularly if the environment is damaged, reduce the livelihood opportunity for the future.

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Then the Inequalities are rapidly changing the world.

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That climate change is affecting both. The relevance and the depth of poverty. They are by country voting to inequality.

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It may be making it harder for the people, especially to that they are poor, increasing their vulnerability falling into the poverty due to the you can say that price stock ensuring changing in the agriculture productivity natural disaster or environmental trigging problems.

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Estimates suggest that even under the low impact scenario where the mitigation and adoption strategies are successful.

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Between 3 million or 16 million will fall into the poverty by 2030 because of the climate change. Under a high impact of these, figures would rise between 35 millions and 1 22 millions also.

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The climate change also have an impact on inter-generational inequality disrupting the cause by climate change are likely to reduce the livelihood opportunities for future generations, especially in the countries hardest and accelerating downward intergenerational mobility.

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Now the next 2 reason, problem is climate change worsen poverty and inequality.

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Climate change has accelerated degradation and increasing the frequency and intensity of extreme weather emails among it.

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Yeah, impact. The effect of both gradual environmental degradation and the certain stocks such as you can say that in India or we can say that in every country that is cyclones and plants and disproportionately affect the vulnerable population.

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Whether they have impact on infrastructure, livelihood or resources, health or even the losses of light and the homes.

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These impact are by no means uniform, across the countries or the population. Rising temperature have adversely affect the economic growth in the country located in, tropics.

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Which tend to be poorer. Than countries located in more, you can say that temperate and temperature climate room.

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They had made these, world's poorest countries horror and the ratio between the income of the richest room over 10% of the global population is now 25% larger than it would be in the world without global.

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One. Then the next is climate changes accelerating in environment degradation. We can say that the Countries and societies are now increasing facing excessive or institution.

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What is, rising the sea levels, extreme temperature changes, storm, drought floods and other climate hazards that are only exceeding to intensify the future changes, storm, drought, floods and other climate hazards that are only exceeding to intensify the future.

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It is seen to intensify the future. It is seen that whether they manifest an individual or a gradual environment, degradation, it is seen that whether they manifest an individual or a gradual environment, degradation, the effect of climate change are contributing to loss of life out,

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degradation, they manifest an individual or a gradual environment, degradation.

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The effect of climate change are contributing to loss of life' It is observed that in 2,010 that the death rate resulting from that climate change was estimated of 4 Lax, by the end of the century this number may increase to 1.5 millions per year if the rate of erosion remains unchanged.

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Assessing to the effect of climate change is displayed. It is. As an average of 24.1 million people per year.

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And in it is predicted that in the future in, next 20 years. The loss extreme whether event amount is estimated that 1 74 billion dollars annually and as climate change progresses these laws are expecting to rise and will Increase.

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Swearly unless urgent climate action is taken. Aside from direct damage of the effect of the climate change, inflict on the human society and the environment.

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Emerging research indicates that they can also increase in inequality within and among the countries. In, indeed the effect of climate change are not uniform in all their reach or magnitudes.

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Nor in the abilities of the countries or communities to cope and respond. The more the swear the impact of climate.

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So date have have in tropical regions. We are more developing countries are located. Such impact are expected to be more intense and these countries has often little capacity to recover from their own loss and losses from climate hazard can hamper or even reverse and years of development.

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Are swearly affected by the climate emails. Even you can say that it damages estimated that 46% and to 215% of GDP.

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Respectively in developing and developed, countries like Persons who are disadvantages mostly are social, socially and economically.

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Lesser in livelihood and those living at livelihood are relevant on climate sensitivity resources are disproportionately affected.

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People living in a mostly Joe. Poverty arranged, below, in the poverty range.

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Then

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Next is disaster prone areas to be more affordable. People living in the poverty are disproportionately exposed to climate changes and This is you can say that more of a.

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You can say that more of a, vicious cycle. Of the poverty and exposure.

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With standing expectations such as primarily you can say that Foster resident for high income household. Many of those are in power, also live in the postal or low lining area which are prone to floods and illusion.

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For example in Bangladesh, many lower inkle house or living the slums tend to be the more in low line areas.

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I'm doing cyclones, in, you can say that in 2,009, I won in the poor poor poor household are affected by the stone as compared to one in 7 non-poor household in United States.

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Similarly in the. Orland in the United States, a majority of the resident living in the low- area.

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Low income household that suffered disproportionately. During this. In 2,000 16.

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Income is linked to exposure to climate hazards at work as well as less skilled low earning workers are more likely to do physical or manual labor or out of the door.

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They are at greater risk of sustaining the health impact on the high temperature including injury cardiovascular or respiratory disease or even deaths.

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Their labor productivity also suffer in hot weather, making it more difficult or time consuming to complete a task.

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Which are negatively effective wages production of goods for sales. Substances forming output. Women living in poverty may face particularly particular circumstances that increase their exposure to climate change in 7 out of 10 developing countries.

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Miles and miles away to fetch the drinking water for their How sold work as as well as the drinking water.

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Overall essence of these who improved more fragile than those of their wealthier neighborhood during you can say that the cyclone in Pamela is a house of lower income household 20 significantly more damage than those of the high income groups.

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I know. I will discuss the

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Components, components to reduce the inequality. There are 4 components. In successful policy approach to reduce the inequalities and promote Exclusive cities.

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First is to Secure housing and land light which on focus on meeting the need of the people living in the.

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Poverty and providing equator table public services and the second is improve spatial connectivity and promote public transportation to facilitate equal access to the opportunities and amenities that.

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Cities. Offered and the third is promote SS to decent work and formal employment and the fourth one that can help us to reduce the inequality strengthen the political and identity trading capacities of the local government to respond quickly to increasing the complex channels.

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Challenge including those related to climate change but unfortunately we must have those developing countries are not able to.

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Yeah, able to fulfill any of these conditions. Although they tried but their resources are such that they tried but their resources are such that they limit them to go such a capacity.

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Then, next is, what, we can do is promoting equal and social justice in the changing world.

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It is expected that the agenda 20 recognize that the major challenge are interrelating and required inter-generational solutions without decisive actions to manage forces in a strategy or coordinating way the world will see in the quality why that if we are not going to go up this situations.

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Addressing inequality now will allow us to size opportunity presented by these transformation challenges for the world as a whole and protecting disadvantages group from the calling for.

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Further behind. Policy maker through an equal lens examine. In this report are having an impact on the reduction of in the qualities and on the achievement of all other sources.

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Hi, the other force is not yet set. It is neither possible nor desirable to hold back technological changes, urbanization and migrations but both their efforts can be managed to encourage more equal people and sustainable societies.

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Climate change cannot turn around in a short. And already, excited, significant and possibly irreparable changes.

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Since social consideration can be the part of adoption and mitigation policies as countries start forming from Noal to green economy.

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Applying an equality lens to the policy maker calls for policies and in regulations.

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That report races, recent inequality trends. Why inequality matters? And provide an overview of impact of, each force in considering the effects of technology innovation and of urbanization the focus on inequality within the country.

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Now we are focusing on it. These inequality and the effect on climate change and international migration on Equality both.

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Among and within the countries. These forces and policies aimed at managing them interact with each other in, multiple ways.

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Technology change, for example, can help us to combat climate change. Unaddressed climate change will affect the international migration trend.

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Even though these in multiple interaction requires policy attention and analysis. The focus or This, paper is exclusively on that direct effect of the courses on the distribution of the resources and the opportunities.

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And the next real risk is disaster effect. The household are at risk of falling into chronic poverty. According to world social report, 2020, the other wonderful group due to the part, to the geographical location and way of life. And to the geographical location and way of life, some population groups are especially vulnerable to impact on the climate change.

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These groups are at the disproportionate groups that are especially vulnerable to impact on the climate change. These groups are at the disproportionately higher risk of poverty.

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These groups are at the disproportionately higher risk of poverty and share many challenges faced by those who are improvised.

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Typically they live in disadvantages location with high exposure to the climate hazards are highly relevant on climate sensitivity natural resources of their livelihood and have limited option in terms of copying strategies.

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Such as, diversifying into climate is this, resilience into the resources.

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A small, the 2 groups mainly are, on vulnerable side. One is the smaller household farmers.

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And the other one is small agriculture landholders.

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And the next, is inequality in the rapidly changing world. The while these trends are global.

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It's not limited to one or the other countries is we can see that all over the world. How each of them effect specific country, community and population group immediately and over the time depends upon the institution and policies in the place.

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These effects are new technology, urbanization, international migration and even the climate on that distribution of the resources and opportunity are not.

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Predetermined even the climate change is that distribution of the resources and opportunities not created. I mean, such countries have managed to protect most vulnerable from negative impact to these trends while ensuring their benefit and broadly shared.

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More morally acceptable at the same time global challenges call for global solution action taken on one country affect the others.

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Coordination and collection, collective decisions are needed to manage global Commons and the international movement of the people.

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The evidence presented Confirm that the critical role or role of multilateral action to address that driving force of inequality under global social contract and by the agenda of 2,030.

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Then the next is inequality may increase in the, cost or climate action are funded through the With the carefully design adoption strategy, however the economic construction brought by the greening of economic and result in the creation of 24 million new job worldwide by twenty- at the same time at least 6 million job will lost

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in including many low scaled jobs and can carbon intense sector. The net increase approximately 18 million jobs around the world.

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The net increase approximately 18 million jobs around the world should be the result of adoption. The net increase approximately 18 million jobs around the world should be the result of adoption of sustainable practice including challenges in the world should be the result of adoption of sustainable practice.

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Around the world should be the result of adoption of sustainable practice, including challenges and the energy makes the project growth in the use of an option of sustainable practice, including challenges and the energy makes the project growth in the use of electronic vehicle and increase in the energy efficiency in the energy makes the project growth in the use of electronic and energy makes the project growth in the use of electronic vehicle and increase in the energy efficiency in existing and future building.

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The extent to which displayed participated those with low skills can take advantage of new opportunities. Is uncertain. The mismatch of skills as a major channel and those who lost their livelihood may not be sufficiently to center into the new vacation.

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Ultimately, the overall impact on inequality depends upon the distribution of the new and Destroyed job where losses fall disproportionately on those in the poverty and disadvantages population group inequality will rise.

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Unless efforts are made to ensure to adjust. Transmission. Second thing which we can do is promoting in just transformation of, like you can say that is step to fulfill.

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To erid poverty, reduce inequality and Your effect on the environment. And that is again, I would say that it is in the agenda for sustainable development.

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It is in there until 2030.

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And now the effect of climate change are experienced in various degree across within the country due to the difference in the exposure, sustainability and copying strategy, which if unaddressed climate change will lead to increase inequality both within or among the countries would leave the sustainable part of the world for far behind.

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These are the points developing countries, particularly small islands, developing state faces disproportionately lists from the altered climate while high income groups are generally less one rable and more resilient.

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Within countries, if we see that people living in the poor and variable group, including small whole farmers, indigenous people and rural coastal population are more exposed to the climate change in per greater loss for it while the other few resources while living.

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With is scope and recovery. And the next one is climate change can, generate a vicious cycle of increasing poverty and vulnerability worsening.

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Inequalities and already precious situation and made many disadvantages grow. Then next is, just as a effect of climate change or distribute.

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And evenly so they are policy, designed to counter them as countries take climate action there will be a trade off considering between the popcorn positive and the negative effect of mitigation and adaptation mayor and distribution impact.

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And the last one is at international level, the climate finance technology transfer and capacity building can support developing countries in implementing just transaction.

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And in the end, I would like to conclude that the inequality and climate change are located in the vicious cycle.

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Their climate change accelerate existing vulnerability and disadvantage is and disadvantaged countries, communities, groups and individuals.

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Versus the inequality and rise in the climate risk further reducing inisquality not only break this cycle but also facilitate the success of climate action policies which should be formulated in the exclusive participatory manner so that the perspectives of these most disadvantages by the climate change are taken into account.

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In the course of designing solution it will be crucial to way trade off between policies priorities since measuring that advance.

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One development objective or a particular SDG may complicate other objectives. The climate change impact Johann that is accessible the value tool in the process.

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And I can say that. Hey Joe, hi and rising inequality is a hinder progress towards sustainable development goal highly unequal society group more slowly than those of the same.

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So undoubtedly this inequality can we cannot stop. You can say that development.

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We cannot stop. using technology. But one thing we can say that the After reaching in, this stage, we should at least adopt such mias so that we can make balance with balance between climate change or the technology and if Some natural disasters in which we do not have any controls to be should have some

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goals or priorities or some instruments to handle the handle that situation and with minimum loss of their lives and destruction.

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Thank you.

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Any questions?

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Yeah, thank you Dr. Anapim. It was a very nice presentation talking about climate change, talking about climate change, agricultural issues, talking about climate change, agricultural issues, and also what happens to the feminine labor.

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Along with value cultures and which are intertwined with the role of women. And how there is a need of you know other people to help her out.

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And other mega issues which we have touched upon is like pricing. Agricultural pricing or the labor production which goes into the situation along with the climate change.

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Now I would like to. Invite observations, comments and questions from our audience. Dr.

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Sichi. You can come over the site. Thank you. Yeah, you can take the mic.

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Well, good morning Dr. Anna Pambari and it was nice presentation.

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Okay, You talked about the

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Climate change and I think when we say that climate change generally the dialectic or the dilemma is between the developed developing and developed underdeveloped countries.

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Generally the developed countries they blamed the developing countries of Asia that they are the ones who are creating the most type of the carbon monoxide and pollution.

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So, but then if you see the facts, the facts, they say that it is not these Asian countries, it is the even the countries like United States, they are creating a lot of this problems regarding to the global warming.

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So now I want that you should or we should all resolve this dilemma or this dialectic which goes always between the developing and the developed countries who are blaming each other for the global warming.

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So I want your views on this number one and a second.

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You say that world holds the risks of falling into the chronic poverty. So when you say about the chronic poverty then we conceptualize the poverty, absolute poverty, relative poverty and which type of the world you are talking where there is going to be chronic poverty.

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Okay. So let us just, I would like to know some of the countries where you see that there will be an acute crisis of chronic poverty.

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I think. Not so, yeah. Yes, I hand over the mic to now Dr. Manage.

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Of good morning. Thank you Dr. Animpamari. Very nice presentation.

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Since inequality is growing and there are many good scholars like Fermi, and there are many good scholars like Fermas Piketty's growing and there are many good scholars like Thomas Piketty who talked in the capitalism in the 20 first century, who talked in the capitalism in the 20 first century that how

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10% he talked in the capitalism in the 20 first century who talked in the capitalism in the 20 first century that how 10% he has talked about various countries I'm just talking about India because I think giving some examples from a very huge democratic country, India where we have other types of inequalities, So I think when we talk

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about this growing inequality. You must have come across certain examples from India or some other countries since you are talking inequalities in rapidly changing world.

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Okay.

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So you are talking, I mean, giving an overview of the entire world. This is a big task, but I think at the same time if it takes some examples of inequality pattern based on the census data or which gives a lot of information about the parameters which you have mentioned like employment.

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So there are about 8, 9 important parameters of employment or unemployment in in the data of sensors because this a session is on big data.

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I think we must give this kind of data based on our local context that how inequality in terms of unemployment is increasing and increasing not only in terms of income but non-income parameters also.

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Social dimensions like education and equality, like housing inequality, like inequality in terms of access to basic services, the data is available.

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You can mention about the census data you can mention about NSSO data you can mention many other data streams health if you want some health inequality parameters you can an FHS data is there.

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So there are a big databases in India and I think if we take some examples from there and see in the light of Piketty's work and other economists and sociologists who talk about various dimensions of poverty and inequality, I think it will be it will give a better picture and also there are certain initiatives which are coming

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up to address the the concerns these days policy dimensions like we have Prime Minister Ravasiozina which looks into the issue of housing inequality and how this is it helping you know maybe I missed the first presentation maybe Dr.

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Damita might have talked about this housing inequality and how this is going on at local level. So some examples can be added and maybe we might have some good examples also in India.

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There are some states which are performing better in terms of addressing these concerns of inequality. So what kind of initiatives?

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Are there in different Indian states. I think we can have some examples and what kind of challenges are coming and what others can learn from them.

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So I think it's a very, very important and how this big data sources can be used to understand these emerging concerns.

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Of multi dimensional issue of poverty. Thank you.

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Please.

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Hello, Okay, let's start with the my first question that is on global warming. No doubt.

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You can say that we, human race are responsible for this global warming. I just you have mentioned about America or that 1 one of the developed country but if we see that, whether it is a developed or developing country, we all are contributing towards this global warming.

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It is not just one country or developed the country or developing country. It is all. Contributing. Through, in the name of you can say that industrialization are an industrial based or, or lively or even, or country voting in this, global warming. Cutting off trees.

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You can say that, chemical waste, everything. I think need not to mention the resources everywhere but I have a I think you said these word in the beginning that we all are with the responsible for climate change.

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We put We all have different impact of this climate change. Global warming is there, no doubt, but the developed countries have the resources to tackle with it and the underdeveloped countries maybe there are 2 classes who can manage this type of, mother problems and there are certain groups who are unable to manage this

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group. That is why. In the beginning I've said that in there is an inequality inequality is not restricted to some developed or underdeveloped countries.

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Oh.

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It is within the countries. With the in the, you can say that framework of developed countries may be developing and developed maybe problem is they are existing for this but the people are facing all type of problems like you can say that if in if we take the example of India.

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India may we have both. Extreme poverty we have or we have among 10 of, one of the millennia you can say that we do with just of the world is also existing in India.

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But both, the groups are facing different, type of challenges. So what I want to say, regarding this presentation is that keep people Yeah, of all the countries.

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Pacing challenges due to climate change but the pace is a different. If, in which we cannot say that the poor are more responsible for, global warming.

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They do not have resources. They do not have factories to contribute in this global list. This is done by the rich or you can say that who have the resources.

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But the sufferer is The from the lower standard. That is what I want to Mcclell mention over here.

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It is we have to challenge accept that challenge and have to find out certain solutions to manage this gap between the rich and the poor so that they are not, find out certain solutions to manage this gap between the rich and the poor so that they are not only the sufferer of this climate change.

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Yeah.

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To manage this gap between the rich and the poor so that they are not only the sufferer of this climate change, for example, just for you can set that generations they cannot come out of this but the rich person

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Dr. Bari, sorry, Dr. Bari, sorry to interrupt. I think his question was, regarding those who are living in extreme poverty and there is a data when you look at extreme poverty and there is a data when you look at the indicators you can identify those people.

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Yeah, yes.

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They are, you know, just at the margin. When you look at various indicators of poverty, you can analyze and prioritize that poverty you can analyze and prioritize that these people are critics and prioritize that these people are critically poor. They need immediate attention.

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Yes.

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I think that they need immediate attention. I think that was the idea of poor. They need immediate attention.

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I think that was the idea of poor. They need immediate attention. I think that was the idea. They need immediate attention.

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I think that was the idea. I think that was the idea to because of course there you rightly said that there are gaps in between the countries within the country inequality saying something you want to say something else regarding any other thing.

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No.

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Quickly, 1 min or No?

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I just want to say that we all have to want to report in it.

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Thank you.

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Thank you.

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Yes, yes, good, good. Thank you. Thank you very much, but thank you. Yeah, so I still understand one of your conclusion is that inequality has direct result of growth.

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So economic growth reproduces poverty and form of social inequality. This is this conclusion concerns about developing countries.

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Not developed. Right?

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Yes.

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Okay. The inequality exist everywhere. If you read Thomas Piqueti, he is not only analyzed developing countries, he has seen inequality pattern in developed countries as well.

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And India at the moment I have heard many you know presentations which indicate that India is following US model US pattern, sorry, of inequality.

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I mean the inequality pattern in terms of income in terms of basic services, housing, other livelihood dimensions is growing and like it grew in America.

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So in developing countries in many developing countries like India, they have been evolving those kind of inequality patterns which are already existing in many developed countries.

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Of course, level of incomes are level of quality of life indicators are different but patterns are emerging in a similar way.

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Thank you. Thank you. Thank you Dr. Professor Manage.

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We have 2 more presentation and we are running short of time. So I'll just take third presentation over here and I think the fourth presenter is also here along with Nedi.

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Pranis Why is also there. Am I audible?

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Yes, yes, please.

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Okay, okay, okay, so be online. now we'll take Dr.

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Nadi. Mitra's presentation. I'm your idea? Yeah.

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Yeah. Okay.

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She'll be, yeah, yeah, she'll be speaking on disabled women and family support. A study of Varanasi district in India.

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Yeah, ma'am. If you would like to share your power point, please go ahead.

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Yeah, please.

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Yeah, I'm going to share my PowerPoint Just just to move.

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Okay. Yeah, yeah, I know I know I had that actually. We are running short of time.

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M you can take 10 min maximum for your presence. Yeah, thanks a few.

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Nice of you.

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I can understand it. Okay. Am I audible properly?

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Yes, yes, yes ma'am you are audible yeah please go ahead Thank you.

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Okay, okay. Very good. Good morning and Jayen when an all present over here.

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Yeah.

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I, Dr. Nimishra, assistant professor. Social dissection my lamma with the lavi at you is going to present my topic as disabled women and family support.

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Specifically study of Rahansi district India. Well, as we all know, family is a key social institution of any society which makes a cultural universal.

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Actually families the most primary and can can be considered as socially recognized group. That form an emotional connection among its members and that see ourselves as an economic unit of society.

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Well I'm not going to explain all this light because I'm not going to explain all this light because I can understand that.

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No, what is very, family is not, playing role for socialization and for emotional support and other things but It creates a world where we all can live.

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Inclusively. And when we talk about family support and disabled children, that is very, the relationship is very important as if these disabled children get the support from family they will be much more connected to society and with the help of family they can move forward or do something.

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So firstly we have to understand the disability disability basically it's a umbrella term it's a umbrella term it covering impairment active activity limitation and participation restrictions impairment is a problem in body functional structure and participation restrictions.

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Impairment is a problem in body functional structure and participation restrictions. Impairment is a problem in body functional structure and activity limitation is a problem in body functional structure and activity limitation is difficulty encountered by an individual in body functional structure and activity limitation is difficulty encountered by an individual in body functional structure and activity limitation is difficulty encountered by an

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individual and activity limitation is difficulty encountered by an individual in execution of their work and a participation restriction is problem experienced by an individual in involving the their involvement in life situation means whenever we talk about participation restriction that is completely a socially construct phenomenon even each and every marginalization or each and every marginalized group is constructed

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by society when society said that they are marginalized or something. Well, as we can see the data.

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In India, the country's disability population has increased by 22.4% between 2,001 to 11 now is 2.6 8 in 2,011 where 1.5 karo male and 1.1 8 karat females.

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Yeah.

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Even WHO is limited than over 6 50 million people live in disability. Inward and 80% live in low economic country with inadequate essence of health and rehabilitation services.

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These are some, these are census data of 2,011. I'm not going to elaborate it.

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Now, this is the shift what we can see from 2,001 to 11. Maybe the reason of that ship that in 2,001 sensors we use 5 type of disability but now in 2,011 census there are 8 type of disability and they that data will vary when we start collecting the data through ourPWDF 2,016 as there

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are Almost 21 type of disability is included in in that. So first basic problem is the data.

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This is, Census 2,000 eleven's data where we can see the ratio of male and female in different kind of disability.

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Now, these are some important data or census data. The basic information where I want to draw the when I want to draw some attention on the number of disabled person is highest in the age group 10 to 19 years.

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So, 17% of disabled population in the age group, 10 to 19 year and 16% of them are in age group 2229.

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And especially there are male and female disability data where we have 44% female who are disabled. No.

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Okay. The basic study, the basic reason on the study, is actually as a basic, basic unit of our society.

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Family player, very important role in any inclusion or any kind of socialization. So my major objective of the study is to find out the socio-economical background of blind women and how their families support them.

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I have taken blind women, 50 blind women as my study subjects and next to examine attitude of family and social support of blind women.

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The study is based on qualitative come quantitative research and this study is both descriptive and exploratory where to explore the family perspective about life chances as education, independence and empowerment and empirical study for ground reality of family support to blind women was carried out.

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For 50 respondents who are selected with the help of purposeive and snowball sampling belonging to 15 to 45 year age group from different places in Varani city and especially from NGOs were taken with the verbal interviews, interview schedule and nonparticipatory observation have been used for collecting data and that is the result of

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my data. 26 to 25, age group. The majority of population belong to 26 to 35 age group.

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OBC group. My majority of them are belong to joint families. Where they have their own houses well we can can't say the whole thing about own house it's very small houses, well we can't say the whole thing about own house. It's very small houses also.

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Our majority of population live in rural areas. No, when I have asked about their family support Majority of populations, 72% study subjects said they don't have family support.

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Even the behavior of family members is not so satisfactory. They are just treated as a utensils or they are just treated as a furniture in their house.

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So there are no exhibit tr in the relationship. They are. Almost 74% are not satisfied with the care shown by family members.

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Actually they are treated like very different people. They are not treated like their brothers and sisters and that creates a huge difference between their non-disciplinary non-disabled siblings.

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Okay. There is, a data where family encourage them to be educated. 64% population set and also but they are not independent to go anywhere for education or job.

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Basically, their family, their family member used to send them in different NGOs and the basic reason behind it when I have talked to them the basic reason behind it they have talked to them the basic reason behind it they they the family member thought that okay from the time being if they are out of house the and there will be a very piece

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or they will be just who take a Jessie, JSI concept comedic i. Now yes.

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Nedi ma'am, can you come for the conclusion? What?

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Yeah, sure, sure, sure, sure, sure. Okay, I am on the conclusion basically the behavior of family members are not so satisfactory for their family members.

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And the most important thing, the attitude and family attitude and behavior of family members are They belongs to those participants who are belongs to the Higher Economic Group, their condition are better than lower economic group people.

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Now there are certain recommendations as the Triple P concept is important. And also the Also, the people should be encouraged or people should be, I can say they they are this are certain programs for their integrated education and cultural activities.

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Just because of this, time bound. Okay, thank you.

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Thank you mom. It was a nice presentation. And database presentation.

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It wasn't. M. Okay.

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No, no, but there was a tiny crunch. may I invite?

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Yeah, yeah, I can understand. So.

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For the fourth presenter, Ranaya Sway.

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Yeah, I'm joining in. I'm sharing my screen now.

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Are you there online? Yeah, please. Please share your PPT also. Yeah.

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Yeah, first of all, good morning from from India. I'm so sorry I could not be there physically myself and secondly I'm running the risk of overdoing myself because I had another presentation in the morning.

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In, our C. 0 4. So, again, good morning. All of you.

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I know there is a we are running against time. So I'll keep my presentation as short as possible.

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Not with signing the focus of my Compresentation. If, Dr. Manose is around, thank you so very much for, accepting my, my proposal and allowing me to.

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Oh. Make my rendition here in this. Group. So, I'll be slightly off track, primarily because, I do not really think my my message fits into this, I mean, after hearing, the discussion by other panelists.

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So I'm looking, you know, uncomfortable in saying that I'm not fitting into this scheme of things.

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But, I know that said, the focus of my research is on, the perspectives of young stakeholders, which are children.

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In the context of human elephant interactions in a you know in an elephant range country like India.

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So I'm sure many of them would be aware of the fact that the expansion of human settlements, farmlands and developmental.

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Infrastructure projects, has been widely attributed. I mean, they have been widely attributed as major reasons for, widespread depredation and fragmentation of elephant habitats.

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And these issues have forced, elephants to expand their movements into, human habitation.

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Which often intersect the space, which is inhabited by, human beings. That results I'll quickly skip couple of my slides if I'm allowed to.

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Okay, let me not get into, the data on SCN elephants, let me quickly, give you the context.

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Elephants in Indian context, historically speaking have carried, heavy burdens for the kings.

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I mean, we wouldn't see it. They are looked at, as burdened to the farming community.

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They have 4 wars for the kings, yet they represent peace. They're considered to be godly god of wealth yet they destroy livelihood of farmers they're elevated as supreme god yet they're posed for for human greed many researchers many ecologist have highlighted the relationship between human and wildlife and to

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be We're very specific elephants. The highlighted relationship. Is mostly of conflict and struggle.

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So the cultural and ecological explanations for for increasing human elephant conflict have been highlighted by many, researchers.

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And they have mostly in terms of mitigating human elephant conflicts. They have highlighted issues like ecology, behavioral trains perceptions and problems associated with with mostly adult stakeholders.

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So what I noticed and, the, perspectives of children have remained largely understood. And the children are our future stakeholders so their perspective is what we thought we would children's connection with nature and wild animals are Largely complex and, their participation is considered to be very crucial in planning and designing

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education. About environmental sustainability as they are seen as very competing social actors with a unique perspective and they also serve as agents and stakeholders for the future.

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Many research studies have, represented, children as future decision makers and, highlighted them as having potential to influence the rate of ecosystem.

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In general and the fate of human elephant coexistence in very particular this particular study which we have I'm going to discuss, with, with a very specific objectives to understand, children's perspective about elephants and human elephant interaction.

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And if these perceptions differ on the basis of certain sociological social characteristics such as gender.

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And we have also made a very modest attempt to suggest a few policy implications which I'll while discussing.

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The study area is, is a postal state of Odessa, which is on the eastern coast of India and Balasar is the district which is towards, which is, in the northern.

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Northeastern side of of the state So this study was connected among. Grade 9 and 10 with students.

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In a school in Balisu. The idea was basically, to do the method that we employed to, collect data was drowned, right?

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This drone right, as a, soon, have, you know, the attention of, social scientists for long.

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Primarily because this tool drawing as a tool has been a medium of expression by children because drawing is a very familiar activity for children and is particularly effective in depicting views and perceptions.

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As it gives you that that levy of non-invasive interaction with the RISIS participants.

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The don't write technique is generally employed and promoted as an approach that enhances participation of children because they're in free feel little unlimited when they're asked to draw and ride.

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So what we did, we took into account, 50 participants. We actually had 60 participants to, to cover, but many people did not really feel comfortable because of their you know lowly skills in drawing so however we pulled out 47 drawings from consisting of

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24 boys and 23 girls that were in the study. So these drawings and their accompanying, narratives.

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They were also, they were told to, you know, write whatever they feel like, if they had to supplement their drawing with some, some, you know, words.

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So this drawings were considered to be the unit of analysis and each drawing was assigned to be the unit of analysis and each drawing was assigned unique identification number to be the unit of analysis and each drawing was assigned unique identification number numbers such as each drawing was assigned unique identification number numbers just like B one B 2 B 3 for boys and G one B 2 B 3 for boys and G one G

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2 B 3 for boys and G one G. Before they were digitized and imported into, software called Max QDA.

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Which is a qualitative analysis of that analogies images with a range of visualization tools such as charts and tables.

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So all this written takes were translated again into, English because they were, the children of ninth and tenth grader in local.

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Vernon, government schools. So they were, they were, free to, you know, write in the local language.

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So we translated them and import it into, write in the local language. So we translated them and import it into, Max QDL.

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And, the software basically analyzed and gave us few, emergent themes which,

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Go like this so the drawings. Give us this teams, kinds of elephants depicted.

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The reasons for increased human elephant interactions, indicators of vulnerability, manifestations of manifestations of conflict.

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People's interaction people's reaction to to the whole situation and the solutions to elephant isuse.

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These are the larger themes that emerged out of our staying with the first team.

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If we talk about the kinds of elephants that children depicted, the drawings basically featured, you know, human habitation farmlands with heel.

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With forest at the backdrop. Few participants also explain that elephants emerged from this forest and got into human habitation area some of them wrote stuff like elephant is a very good animal but is very dangerous.

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Then people, also wrote, elephant is very amusing and able to see.

467
01:30:28.000 --> 01:30:46.000
But what was common to most of the sketches under this team was that the emergent teams that yeah the common themes are the large size of elephants in comparison to humans as in comparison to humans as in the drawing would have big animals the large size of elephants in comparison to humans as in the drawing would have big animals

468
01:30:46.000 --> 01:30:53.000
with the large size of elephants in comparison to humans as in the drawing would have big animals with smaller human you know depictions accompanying it and their key characteristics such as trunk years and tusks.

469
01:30:53.000 --> 01:31:18.000
These were the kind of elephants that were evicted reasons for increasing well the pictures i would show a couple of pictures here so the pictures that we analyzed they talk they were different people I mean the children basically depicted you know, close proximity.

470
01:31:18.000 --> 01:31:31.000
Forest deforestation, elephants causing, damages to houses. Causing injuries.

471
01:31:31.000 --> 01:31:38.000
Those are certain things which, which, which actually came, which M is very prominently in the pictures.

472
01:31:38.000 --> 01:31:48.000
And the proximity of human settlements and crop plants, appeared to be the most highlighted reason for, for human, elephant interactions.

473
01:31:48.000 --> 01:31:59.000
Then the indicators of vulnerability was another theme so the dwelling type of houses which are which are largely muddy and has houses.

474
01:31:59.000 --> 01:32:02.000
I mean, muddy and cast houses. I mean, mud world houses and cast houses.

475
01:32:02.000 --> 01:32:10.000
Which are essentially vulnerable to elephant attacks. They were they were sc by by many people many many many of the participants.

476
01:32:10.000 --> 01:32:25.000
Then the use of common resources such as roadways water bodies We provide them opportunities. I mean, scope for coming into contact and interaction with each other.

477
01:32:25.000 --> 01:32:32.000
We're also sc by many people. So these are the things which make, each other vulnerable.

478
01:32:32.000 --> 01:32:35.000
Then manifestation of conflict was another thing. Help quickly finish. I know I know a little quickly if it is.

479
01:32:35.000 --> 01:32:39.000
Dr. Prane, sorry to interrupt. Yeah.

480
01:32:39.000 --> 01:32:55.000
So most of the people, you know, depicted the destruction of houses, destruction of, I mean, crop, prediction, destruction of vegetation as the manifestation of conflict, when we talk about, agency.

481
01:32:55.000 --> 01:33:08.000
Few sketches also depicted how people react to HC in such situations. So some sketches actually captured, you know, people trying to chase the elephant away.

482
01:33:08.000 --> 01:33:09.000
Some of the sketches also, you know, talked about, people watching them helplessly.

483
01:33:09.000 --> 01:33:31.000
They were, there was just like, you know, seeing them running away from, from, each other.

484
01:33:31.000 --> 01:33:32.000
Nobody.

485
01:33:32.000 --> 01:33:41.000
Then there were couple of, okay, in a nutshell, II would, we also tried to look at it if if the reactions are gendered because children often, you know, paint their personal and lived experiences because their perception about you know issues and to be very precise is

486
01:33:41.000 --> 01:34:01.000
very complicated and their perceptions are largely based on the you know social values and learned habits from their family.

487
01:34:01.000 --> 01:34:11.000
Given that there was there was school children. Not many things were related to conservation education. The mostly about conflict and mostly about how people react in this situations.

488
01:34:11.000 --> 01:34:29.000
So to conclude I would I would highlight a couple of things since we tried we made an attempt to understand if this sketches and narrations are gendered we didn't attempt to understand if this sketches and narrations are gendered we didn't notice that you know even literature tells us that you know children of same

489
01:34:29.000 --> 01:34:35.000
sex are often more likely to draw similar, themes, but we did not really notice significant correlation between gender and the perception of children, regarding wildlife conservation.

490
01:34:35.000 --> 01:34:49.000
However, what we notice, you know, in few instances, girls were more likely to sketch. T list, you know, and baby elephants.

491
01:34:49.000 --> 01:34:55.000
Whereas boys were more about, you know, having tuskers and big elephants. Depicting violence, depicting, conflicts in a more prominent way.

492
01:34:55.000 --> 01:35:10.000
We attribute, I mean, we tend to attribute such things perhaps. Because, in a, more, you know, they're told to be.

493
01:35:10.000 --> 01:35:21.000
Indoors when elephants are around and they are generally device to stay indoors or you know to be in a safe shelter with the with the family elders with the family members, specifically elders.

494
01:35:21.000 --> 01:35:30.000
So, They need to draw, you know, such pictures with a lady standing by them at the door.

495
01:35:30.000 --> 01:35:31.000
And, You know.

496
01:35:31.000 --> 01:35:42.000
Looking at the, you know, elephants, then, boys were in in a voice more about more, loud and vocal about Oh, no, depicting, wild and, just, animals.

497
01:35:42.000 --> 01:35:54.000
Yeah, so, in, in, I would highlight this view bullet point that most illustrated forms of human elephant that most illustrated forms of human elephant interactions that emerged in this study included top damage and physical injury.

498
01:35:54.000 --> 01:36:03.000
Then the MULT houses are, unlikely to withstand an elephant. Those render, those dwelling units more vulnerable.

499
01:36:03.000 --> 01:36:15.000
Then the houses that are close to water sources which are common resources for both the species. Which make, each other vulnerable and the Tesco's were prominent.

500
01:36:15.000 --> 01:36:25.000
I just said, in the sketches of, boys, possibly because, you know, they, captured the imagination really easy.

501
01:36:25.000 --> 01:36:26.000
Okay, thank you.

502
01:36:26.000 --> 01:36:29.000
Sorry. I mean, if I have run out of, I mean, we do run out of time.

503
01:36:29.000 --> 01:36:30.000
Thank you so very much.

504
01:36:30.000 --> 01:36:37.000
Yeah, yeah, thank you. Thank you. Pranay Sway. Now I invite the fifth present over here.

505
01:36:37.000 --> 01:36:46.000
Kosovo Data, she will be taking up the issue of Covid-nineteen and sustainable development goals.

506
01:36:46.000 --> 01:36:49.000
Give me a sec, let me close my, Good British Shade.

507
01:36:49.000 --> 01:37:10.000
Yeah. Yeah.

508
01:37:10.000 --> 01:37:21.000
Okay.

509
01:37:21.000 --> 01:37:25.000
To.

510
01:37:25.000 --> 01:37:30.000
She She.

511
01:37:30.000 --> 01:37:34.000
Just the teacher.

512
01:37:34.000 --> 01:37:40.000
But I can't believe it.

513
01:37:40.000 --> 01:37:47.000
To the session chair, can you make a small request?

514
01:37:47.000 --> 01:37:51.000
Yeah, please.

515
01:37:51.000 --> 01:37:52.000
Yeah, yeah.

516
01:37:52.000 --> 01:37:58.000
Oh, okay. I'm in a very different time zone. I would have to run for something if it did not have any question for me I would can I be allowed to leave?

517
01:37:58.000 --> 01:37:59.000
Yeah, sure, please.

518
01:37:59.000 --> 01:38:00.000
One question, one question. Yeah, yeah, please. One question. Dr.

519
01:38:00.000 --> 01:38:29.000
Putin, thank you very much. Actually very much fit in in this session because we were trying to link the issue of human elephant interaction with the poverty and how because this new grey area is very prone and a lot of poor people live there and they're interaction with this, you know, the animals in nearby forest areas and

520
01:38:29.000 --> 01:38:35.000
all. So I think somewhere these connections can be fit in and but you have raised very pertinent issues.

521
01:38:35.000 --> 01:38:46.000
So thank you very much. Later when we come out with I think we are thinking some idea of publications so we'll fit in somewhere.

522
01:38:46.000 --> 01:38:48.000
Let's see. So thank you very much. I think since we are running out of time, so yeah.

523
01:38:48.000 --> 01:38:55.000
Sure, sure. Manager, thank you so very much. I'll, yeah, I would have probably brought in the livelihood issues angle to this. But yeah, thank you.

524
01:38:55.000 --> 01:38:56.000
Thank you so very much.

525
01:38:56.000 --> 01:38:58.000
Yes, yes, yes. I know, I know. It was very interesting actually. Thank you.

526
01:38:58.000 --> 01:38:59.000
Thanks.

527
01:38:59.000 --> 01:39:02.000
Oh, thank you. Thank you.

528
01:39:02.000 --> 01:39:05.000
Please allow me to leave. Thank you.

529
01:39:05.000 --> 01:39:11.000
Oh, everyone. Presenter. I'm Kushi Pudata from, Media You Luck Now.

530
01:39:11.000 --> 01:39:19.000
I'll be presenting my presentation on impact of COVID-19 on sustainable development goals. Especially health and well-being.

531
01:39:19.000 --> 01:39:26.000
Am I focusing on I'm not discussing the targets of SG threes and everything. I'm just directly up and covering over the impact of.

532
01:39:26.000 --> 01:39:31.000
Good night. The Covid-nineteen pandemic has unprecedented effects on human development.

533
01:39:31.000 --> 01:39:41.000
According to NDP, Global Human Development, which is a combination of education, health and living standards could dissent for first time in 1,919 when measurement began.

534
01:39:41.000 --> 01:39:48.000
The Sustainable Development won't report which talks of tentative but inadequate growth and portions of the impact of Corona virus pandemic.

535
01:39:48.000 --> 01:39:55.000
According to the report, it threatens to reverse the programs of SDG 3. Which aims to ensure good health and well-being for us.

536
01:39:55.000 --> 01:40:01.000
According to this report, 70 countries have paused childhood vaccination programs and many places health services for cancer screening, family planning or non-covid.

537
01:40:01.000 --> 01:40:08.000
19 infections. Have been interrupted or being neglected. Health service disruptions for reverse decades of improvement once the report.

538
01:40:08.000 --> 01:40:17.000
This could affect population health for years to come.

539
01:40:17.000 --> 01:40:24.000
What a health and well-being. Being not connected but there are 2 different things. Let's cover them one at a time.

540
01:40:24.000 --> 01:40:30.000
First what is health? Health can be thought of as a state of being free from injury or illness. Physical health means living in a body that is strong, capable and free of disease.

541
01:40:30.000 --> 01:40:44.000
Mental health meanwhile means having a mind that is strong, capable and free of disease. If you are mentally healthy, we can navigate daily life and accept backs and difficulties.

542
01:40:44.000 --> 01:40:54.000
Next, what does well being? If you consider the dictionary, health and well being might be described as the absence of negative things like mental distress and physical illness.

543
01:40:54.000 --> 01:41:05.000
Are more positive helping definition might be the maintenance of physical mental and emotional stability and balance. Not just the absence of illness.

544
01:41:05.000 --> 01:41:24.000
Definition of wellness and its role in COVID-19. Welding of wellness aims at state of health featuring the harmony of body mind and spirit self responsibility physical fitness beauty care health nutrition relaxation meditation mental activity education environmental sensitivity and social contacts as fundamental elements.

545
01:41:24.000 --> 01:41:36.000
There are detriments, detiments of, wellness, wellness as 8 significant determinants, namely mental, physical, emotional, intellectual, spiritual, environmental occupation and financial.

546
01:41:36.000 --> 01:41:53.000
Kovidal has adverse effects in all forms of illness, primarily mental illness. Sense of uncertainty, anxiety, fear due to physical distancing and lockdowns, isolation, loneliness, lack of social support, especially in new children and early, increased violence and domestic violence.

547
01:41:53.000 --> 01:42:10.000
Lack of access to social security and health services, loss of job unemployment. All these things have led to lack of access to treatment, individual health services at PHC and continuation of treatment for chronic mental health diseases, lack of service for persons with dementia, etc.

548
01:42:10.000 --> 01:42:17.000
Are just 2 of the examples.

549
01:42:17.000 --> 01:42:28.000
You, you see Davis as very concise selection of different dimensions of illness which says that understanding one's feelings I'm hoping effectively with stress is definition of emotional winds.

550
01:42:28.000 --> 01:42:36.000
This definition also includes paying attention to self-care, relaxation, stress reduction and the development of inner resources.

551
01:42:36.000 --> 01:42:44.000
Because of Koveni, the number of people have considered suicide as has increased in this context, the times theory of suicide is then shift essential.

552
01:42:44.000 --> 01:42:54.000
According to declines theory, the term society is applied to all cases of death resulting directly or indirectly from positive or negative act of the victim himself.

553
01:42:54.000 --> 01:43:14.000
The University of California Davis offers the following definition for financial, it's been described the financial wellness and the process of learning how to properly manage money only is in spending money plays a significant role in our lives and lack of it may have negative influence in our health.

554
01:43:14.000 --> 01:43:23.000
With environmental wellness, motivates us to lead a lifestyle that is conscious of the impact of our actions have on the world around us.

555
01:43:23.000 --> 01:43:30.000
The promotion of environmental wellbeing leads to increased contact with both nature and one's immediate surroundings.

556
01:43:30.000 --> 01:43:40.000
20, one's intellectual, one must have an open mind exposed to new concepts and work to continuously increase their body of knowledge.

557
01:43:40.000 --> 01:43:52.000
I have collected data from the field but from 300 respondents and it was it was for the relation of illness to yoga.

558
01:43:52.000 --> 01:44:03.000
Because I was researching on that particular topic.

559
01:44:03.000 --> 01:44:15.000
Thank you Kushu for your presentation. We are running really Short of time and I would like to thank all the presenter Namitagupta Anubim Bharimam.

560
01:44:15.000 --> 01:44:27.000
Nadi Mishraamam whose preservation was very short because of time crunch and also crane And I thank all the participants.

561
01:44:27.000 --> 01:44:40.000
Who are here, physically present and the audience. I thank Professor Manage. So chased her for being here actively participating and thank you one and all I would like to stop over here.

562
01:44:40.000 --> 01:44:45.000
The next session is online. Thank you so much. Thank you. Thank you.