WEBVTT

1
00:00:00.001 --> 00:00:07.000
Money, how are you? I could update your I could update your presentation.

2
00:00:07.000 --> 00:00:08.000
Okay, okay. Yeah, yeah, so

3
00:00:08.000 --> 00:00:13.000
I have my own presentation here. For my screen. You don't have to do it.

4
00:00:13.000 --> 00:00:14.000
On.

5
00:00:14.000 --> 00:00:26.000
Good morning, everyone. Thank you very much for the speakers and for the public for this session about intersectionalities, race, gender, and social class discrimination.

6
00:00:26.000 --> 00:00:36.000
The religion and political identification. We have our first presenter. Miss Yuri Momoi from the University of Tokyo, Japan.

7
00:00:36.000 --> 00:00:43.000
Thank you, Doctor. What are you doing?

8
00:00:43.000 --> 00:00:49.000
Packets.

9
00:00:49.000 --> 00:00:55.000
Yes.

10
00:00:55.000 --> 00:01:02.000
Hi, my name is Area Momose. I am a project assistant professor at the University of Tokyo.

11
00:01:02.000 --> 00:01:11.000
I'm talking about the intersectionality and the employment policy. We may with health problems. This is at today's outline.

12
00:01:11.000 --> 00:01:25.000
I will talk through the introduction. This study focused on the gap in economic opportunity for women with health programs using our intersectional frameworks.

13
00:01:25.000 --> 00:01:51.000
The concept of intersectionality was proposed in the beginning of the 21 century. This framework is expanding for example in social policy research it studies the intersectional scholars needed to carefully watch and analyze this statement that came to represent intersectionality but at discuss it equality policy.

14
00:01:51.000 --> 00:02:01.000
Mario BA working at Faber's studies in Disi's job ferret of health and disability research is sociological reset, disabled women.

15
00:02:01.000 --> 00:02:11.000
Face greater disadvantage in the Vogue environment compared to disagreement and as well as don't deserve men and women.

16
00:02:11.000 --> 00:02:29.000
On the other hand, this framework has recently gained its interest of epidemiologist but it's not a Korea the intersectionality landmark can contribute to the current approach to preparation has because they are few studied.

17
00:02:29.000 --> 00:02:39.000
In other words, the focus needed to be not only over women with disability, recognized by the government as a disable.

18
00:02:39.000 --> 00:02:43.000
But also on women in poor house.

19
00:02:43.000 --> 00:02:52.000
It is a global agenda gap report, 2022. Japan was a ranked 116.

20
00:02:52.000 --> 00:03:02.000
They are released for at 2023 were released 10 days ago. This run kick was a vote on the previous one. This run kick was a vote on the previous one.

21
00:03:02.000 --> 00:03:06.000
The program was a vote on the previous one. The program of the agenda gap in Japan is one. The program of the agenda gap in Japan is said to be Iraq.

22
00:03:06.000 --> 00:03:11.000
The program of the agenda gap in Japan is said to be Iraq over the agenda gap in Japan is said to be Iraq over human politician and direct economic opportunity for women.

23
00:03:11.000 --> 00:03:16.000
The index of economic opportunity in 2,023, decrying your father. Japanese women are working, but there are fewer men in a senior management position.

24
00:03:16.000 --> 00:03:32.000
Furthermore, there are many part-time under us are no regular employee. However, his and the survivor has a few problems.

25
00:03:32.000 --> 00:03:41.000
The report concluded. Therefore, I will focus on the economic opportunity who are made with health program in Japan.

26
00:03:41.000 --> 00:03:56.000
Here is a hair section. This program is that is a record. It doesn't analyze the current station regarding a woman's house and a disability and therefore the extent of discrimination against people with disability under the potential hardships.

27
00:03:56.000 --> 00:04:26.000
They may face a remainder in Korea. But always a particular problem of the Japanese social policy regarding women with disability is that not our individual with has problems can receive institutional support for some of their condition doesn't fit the definition of disability by the national government.

28
00:04:26.000 --> 00:04:41.000
Here I will provide an explanation over the Japanese rehearsal system for this quadratic The first one is pressed here between disability ID holders and non-orders.

29
00:04:41.000 --> 00:04:47.000
This right is a most relevant to run over the role the Act of Employment Promotes etc.

30
00:04:47.000 --> 00:04:57.000
Of a person with disabilities within the role. Company are required to hire a set number of people with disabilities.

31
00:04:57.000 --> 00:05:06.000
The second rhyme is our between our receivers and the known receivers over the payment of an independent living support benefit.

32
00:05:06.000 --> 00:05:28.000
I call it PR SB for short. So a PL, SB is a social welfare benefit provided by the Japanese government the purpose of this benefit is to assist individual in a TV myself riots by covering some over the cost of training for employment and care service as so on.

33
00:05:28.000 --> 00:05:41.000
To PRCB provides continuous employment support to recipient but the support is often in some different for their independent living.

34
00:05:41.000 --> 00:05:56.000
So, despite being eligible for the benefit, individual would suffer from a financial promise. Moreover, even though individual official certificate as discovered without being an issue.

35
00:05:56.000 --> 00:06:04.000
They are disability IDs because the role, the act of employment promotion doesn't apply to them.

36
00:06:04.000 --> 00:06:16.000
Quite simply, they are in grey area. They doesn't get disability pension from the government. So if they doesn't get job, they are lived very very difficult.

37
00:06:16.000 --> 00:06:36.000
My focus in on this play area, especially the women here. So this study gives us M not only to clarify the gender gap in economic opportunity among those with has programs but also identifies the problem of women on the disability or known disability right in the labor market.

38
00:06:36.000 --> 00:06:52.000
Furthermore, I will discuss why that doesn't have a reach out to disability ID. In this section, I will talk through the approach and method using in this research.

39
00:06:52.000 --> 00:07:05.000
To conduct in my statistic research I use a Japanese government survey the analysis limited to the working age group from 80 to 60 excluded those in Seko.

40
00:07:05.000 --> 00:07:16.000
And our targets are person with disability ID, personal visits, interactive diseases and person with a long-term illness or injury that interfere with their daily life.

41
00:07:16.000 --> 00:07:32.000
The survey classifies a conduction. Into certain categories and increase individual with some condition that would not be satisfied as this ever in Japan.

42
00:07:32.000 --> 00:07:42.000
Here as a question item. Here is a list of a certain categories. I have a done to analysis this time.

43
00:07:42.000 --> 00:07:53.000
First analysis, I tried to identify the programs of women in the gray area between being considered deserter and non-desar is a labor market.

44
00:07:53.000 --> 00:07:58.000
As independent variable, the focus is over. We may without a disability ID under 2 men without government identified disabilities.

45
00:07:58.000 --> 00:08:12.000
As a dependent variable, the focus is on one, for employment under 2 regular employment.

46
00:08:12.000 --> 00:08:25.000
I will now take the time to explain the key valuable the survey required a participant to provide multiple respondent regarding how they spend their time during the day.

47
00:08:25.000 --> 00:08:26.000
I create a dummy variable for each of them during the day. I create a dummy variable for each of them.

48
00:08:26.000 --> 00:08:31.000
I create a dummy variable for each of them. The grade for employment damage for each of them.

49
00:08:31.000 --> 00:08:44.000
The grade for employment damage is encouraged our above status. The eligible state for disability support was independent variable. IF, crossfires are responded according to whether they had a disability ID.

50
00:08:44.000 --> 00:08:50.000
Some of those who didn't have the disability ID received the PRSB, Asan did not.

51
00:08:50.000 --> 00:08:55.000
So far, it divided horrors of the severity ID a coding that according to the type and the grade of disability.

52
00:08:55.000 --> 00:09:12.000
One is a category of middle sub disability and the other is a mild disability. There are 2 category I wish to focus on in this study.

53
00:09:12.000 --> 00:09:23.000
One is a category over disability ID. This category includes known disability ID and a receive PSB as well as a note disability ID and no PSB.

54
00:09:23.000 --> 00:09:35.000
The other category of adamiscerated medal disability, these categories encourage no disability ID and the received PS 3 as well as a middle disability.

55
00:09:35.000 --> 00:09:44.000
By the way, interactive diseases partitioned while encouraged is one category regarding over ways as they had a disability ID.

56
00:09:44.000 --> 00:09:53.000
As an independent variable, our female dummy is also used. Here as a Qantara variable.

57
00:09:53.000 --> 00:10:04.000
The first was a result with a gay ramper mintodomy as a dependent variable. I were explained more there fast. Moderna is a based on category of a known disability ID.

58
00:10:04.000 --> 00:10:19.000
Monitor to encourage interaction term between the known disability ID as well as a female dummy. Monetary is our best category of non-disability ID and unknown PRSB.

59
00:10:19.000 --> 00:10:30.000
Model 4, inside it's an interaction or come between the known disability ID and no PSB as well as a female dummy.

60
00:10:30.000 --> 00:10:53.000
In addition, the analysis of the one and the 3 mode is a separate by gender. I don't tell you the main result are looking at a model one of female the disability ID and known PSB were rest r to be engaged for employment done higher disability and interactive diseases.

61
00:10:53.000 --> 00:11:00.000
The second world result is a regular employment dummy as a dependent variable. The model is the same as before.

62
00:11:00.000 --> 00:11:08.000
The result shows that female can do the rest records on male to be in formal employment.

63
00:11:08.000 --> 00:11:18.000
This result does not support the playoff study I have shown. Currently, the gray area have been overooked.

64
00:11:18.000 --> 00:11:33.000
Now I'm moving on a second analysis. Here is our research question for the second analysis. Having a disability can be higher effective for individual with disability to secure employment opportunity.

65
00:11:33.000 --> 00:11:45.000
A significant body of a reset in disability study has a focus on the importance of embarrassing or accepting versus disability.

66
00:11:45.000 --> 00:12:04.000
Aiming to eliminate to the stigma associated with having a disability ID. Therefore, much of the disparities study has focused one over the importance of accepting one's disability so they have a disability ID is not a stigma.

67
00:12:04.000 --> 00:12:06.000
I have my question on this point. It is only a matter of stigma and the accepting of disability.

68
00:12:06.000 --> 00:12:25.000
The severity idea accessible to anyone who visits wishes to have one. I have examined the forecast contributors there, disabbey the ID, no ownership.

69
00:12:25.000 --> 00:12:37.000
Here is a data sorted by agenda among those who do not have a disability certificate. I have a divide adult who do not have a disability ID into the 3 categories.

70
00:12:37.000 --> 00:12:54.000
Just 3 categories. The most rate generally share ready to rent. More than 50% of a female made chudes are related to system program and in attitude consultation service.

71
00:12:54.000 --> 00:13:04.000
On the other hand, rest on 10% of female magnitudes are related to stigma or acceptance of disabilities.

72
00:13:04.000 --> 00:13:15.000
To sum up the result, Jepalitova system has huge problem. That is why this system could have only a fairly limited number of people.

73
00:13:15.000 --> 00:13:29.000
Finely, Retmy proceeded to the conclusion. To unassis showed is that there are gender difference in economic opportunity among people with his programs and his care and the welfare measure for assistant people with disabilities.

74
00:13:29.000 --> 00:13:40.000
Did not provide any access to those who had health problems. Those with his condition were not issued as a disability ID and not provide PSP.

75
00:13:40.000 --> 00:14:01.000
Therefore, they were more pronounced to Ross economic opportunity. Concorde, in the grey area of a disability, may find themselves excursed from social portion on the labour market.

76
00:14:01.000 --> 00:14:19.000
For the advancement of a woman in employment under aqua employment policy removing assumption of agenda being so factor and associating those Polishi with meters in as a fair outside the agenda should be aesthetic.

77
00:14:19.000 --> 00:14:33.000
Can'tning multiple inequality will make a society while everyone can demonstrate their ability, which is a goal of the government's employment opportunity policies.

78
00:14:33.000 --> 00:14:46.000
These are the limitations of this study. It is a necessary to check whether the sum of phenomena is occurring as a country with a similar disability system.

79
00:14:46.000 --> 00:15:00.000
For example, in other countries, they are probably good groups that are. For example, in other countries there are probably groups that are overlooked when dividing by adamiscerate table division along the 2 axis of a disaster or a note.

80
00:15:00.000 --> 00:15:06.000
Mahoba, it is unnecessary to think of as a rhyme over the other category.

81
00:15:06.000 --> 00:15:17.000
For example, the rhyme between May and we are shifting not just between those with disabilities.

82
00:15:17.000 --> 00:15:23.000
Thank you for artation.

83
00:15:23.000 --> 00:15:30.000
Thank you very much.

84
00:15:30.000 --> 00:15:38.000
So now we invite the next

85
00:15:38.000 --> 00:15:40.000
Okay.

86
00:15:40.000 --> 00:15:45.000
Yeah, that are I don't know.

87
00:15:45.000 --> 00:15:52.000
Yes.

88
00:15:52.000 --> 00:15:55.000
And the 2 do you hear me?

89
00:15:55.000 --> 00:15:56.000
Yeah, yeah.

90
00:15:56.000 --> 00:16:00.000
Okay, so I think if Pets had forgotten to do remotely, but it's okay. And welcome to my presentation.

91
00:16:00.000 --> 00:16:10.000
On the intersection of gender social class and migration in LA care, Germany and Sweden compared.

92
00:16:10.000 --> 00:16:19.000
Increase involvement of migrant care workers is a common trend. But can't with specific rent and elderly care systems in Europe.

93
00:16:19.000 --> 00:16:35.000
He have these examples of speed in the Germany. In this presentation, I would like to show you the impact of policies in the ADCA sector on the mode and outcomes of the involvement of Michelangelo.

94
00:16:35.000 --> 00:16:40.000
In a presentation, I'll give you first a short idea of my framework of analysis. It's empirical part.

95
00:16:40.000 --> 00:16:52.000
I would like to show you more important points of involved with the migrant care workers in both countries. Embedded in the construction of paid carework in both countries.

96
00:16:52.000 --> 00:16:56.000
Then at people followed by a conclusion.

97
00:16:56.000 --> 00:17:08.000
Mestap is a framework of analysis. My starting point is the concept of daily where she analyzes the effects of care policies on cultivation of carers.

98
00:17:08.000 --> 00:17:20.000
She distinguish between structure, process and outcomes. Structure as a policies in place, say institutional dimensions and the cultural values.

99
00:17:20.000 --> 00:17:30.000
Drop process means so constructions of care activities within these structures across the private public border and with intersectors.

100
00:17:30.000 --> 00:17:37.000
And an outcome looks at the effects from an inequality perspective.

101
00:17:37.000 --> 00:17:55.000
If I come to social policies, Solar event in the area, so can say that research on the involvement of Mike and Kerberger has shown that a part in particular elderly cap policies employment and migration policies and the interaction are relevant for this involvement.

102
00:17:55.000 --> 00:18:10.000
Set in important for the construction of the care infrastructure across and this in private and public sectors. And the allocation of different groups among care burgers, including migrant care workers.

103
00:18:10.000 --> 00:18:19.000
Here I will show you in greater day detail a comparison of the elderly care policies on migration policies in both countries.

104
00:18:19.000 --> 00:18:26.000
In the empirical part, I give even some references to the employment policies.

105
00:18:26.000 --> 00:18:37.000
If I compare term in Sweden, I can say that this pie changes in the elderly care policies that are still very distinctive basic elderly approaches.

106
00:18:37.000 --> 00:18:49.000
In short, these things that family care should be the most important pillar of care provision, but it should be publicly supported and complemented by professional services.

107
00:18:49.000 --> 00:19:00.000
And Sweden's idea is that, is a public responsibility, supported or based on service provision and it should be aimed to defamilize care work.

108
00:19:00.000 --> 00:19:17.000
If you look at the policy levels, they have in both countries universal policies. If I look at the level of generosity, so have, so can you say that we have to Germany more medium level of support in Sweden more comprehensive levels for court.

109
00:19:17.000 --> 00:19:24.000
We have a high temperature now, even higher than in Sweden, but we have still considerable private costs.

110
00:19:24.000 --> 00:19:33.000
And we have a limited level of services. While in Sweden we have lower private costs and have very very comprehensive level of services.

111
00:19:33.000 --> 00:19:41.000
If you look at the types of benefits. We can choose between cash services when we have all the time of policies.

112
00:19:41.000 --> 00:19:46.000
In Sweden we have mainly services.

113
00:19:46.000 --> 00:20:00.000
If I compare migration policies, they have to say that both corners of course are EU countries. And with the Single Market Project, there's an opening up of the labor market to residents in other EU member states.

114
00:20:00.000 --> 00:20:19.000
If you look at differences, the main important difference is that in Sweden, the new member states in Eastern Europe could directly, yeah, move, go to the labor market in Sweden while in Germany it was not possible it was opened up early gradually since 2,011.

115
00:20:19.000 --> 00:20:29.000
If you come to the national policies, then I can say that in Germany, we have this increase of international recruitment of skilled care workers and nurses.

116
00:20:29.000 --> 00:20:41.000
Even it in third countries. And it's written more relevant as a refugees because Elderlik Micron Kerberg as an elderly care a mainly recruited among the refugees.

117
00:20:41.000 --> 00:20:56.000
And this policy have been very generous up to 2,015 by became much more restrictive since 2,016 and are now more in line of EU standards and even the German policies in this area.

118
00:20:56.000 --> 00:21:09.000
And finally I would like to show you something about my inequality, the idea as of of course, Daly said the last point you should look at the inequality outcomes.

119
00:21:09.000 --> 00:21:16.000
I will hear you the concept of intersectionality. And I be used in the categorical abroad where I look.

120
00:21:16.000 --> 00:21:26.000
At the same time on intersection of migration stages and social class. Analyzed in this female dominated area.

121
00:21:26.000 --> 00:21:39.000
I assume that in the section of inequalities is constructed in a distinct social context. You have a process of construction with a relevant and macro-level.

122
00:21:39.000 --> 00:21:51.000
And here I look only on macro levels and here I look on social policies which I've already explained on the construction of the labor market and under underlying cultural ideas.

123
00:21:51.000 --> 00:21:58.000
And this is background. I would like to come to my imperial part. They will show you the involvement of my and care workers.

124
00:21:58.000 --> 00:22:07.000
Embedded in the construction of paid care work, which is we will see a very important starting point.

125
00:22:07.000 --> 00:22:22.000
I start here. With the construction of paid care work because the definition of care setting is the allocation of care set of care work or different settings is a basis for the involvement of Mike and Kabergas and for situation.

126
00:22:22.000 --> 00:22:32.000
If I compare here Germany and Sweden, you have in both countries, professional care service providers. Who deliver services on the care market.

127
00:22:32.000 --> 00:22:44.000
In Paris, we have developed house and oriented services. But in a very different way. In Germany, the house or the private house or this employer in Sweden are private firms.

128
00:22:44.000 --> 00:22:57.000
In Germany only, but not in Sweden, we have developed live in care services. The migrant care workers live in the families and provide very comprehensive care services.

129
00:22:57.000 --> 00:23:09.000
We the following slides I would like to show you the involvement of Mike and Kerbergas in these different care settings in a in a comparison.

130
00:23:09.000 --> 00:23:23.000
I would like to start with professional care services because small has most similarities. If you look at employment situation generally in this area, you see that both countries define these activities.

131
00:23:23.000 --> 00:23:36.000
When a medium sometimes on the lowest level you have a lot of precariousness in this sector. And if it looks on the wavelength of micron carabagas you see sets have slightly more difficult situation.

132
00:23:36.000 --> 00:23:38.000
They are not my differences. You look at inequality dynamics in daily working life you see also that my creation is very relevant.

133
00:23:38.000 --> 00:23:59.000
If you could have different patterns. If you look who is doing this work, so you can find that in Sweden in this area, the dominant group of migrants are refugees which have been involved.

134
00:23:59.000 --> 00:24:18.000
In Germany, we have started to recruit in only EU levels since 2,008 inationally care workers mainly trained skilled care workers and since 2,013 And so we have this international recruitment and only more region we have.

135
00:24:18.000 --> 00:24:28.000
Started to limit it involves all the refugees based often model project and it's still very controversial in Germany.

136
00:24:28.000 --> 00:24:33.000
If I go to house or rented services, we have very big differences here in Germany, the household is a very important employer.

137
00:24:33.000 --> 00:24:49.000
As important in a at organizing the service via vice-president market. He was in Swedish households, so it's important, but it's very limited with the grey market compared to Germany.

138
00:24:49.000 --> 00:24:55.000
If you go to regular services, says A, as a private house, in Germany, which is for the employee, which is relevant.

139
00:24:55.000 --> 00:25:06.000
We have developed a scheme about mini shops in private private household with Debbie defined this type of activities as low as healed and is very precarious.

140
00:25:06.000 --> 00:25:13.000
So you have in this team no chance of a really regular job. And be very limited to regular shop in this area.

141
00:25:13.000 --> 00:25:28.000
To go to Sweden's private firms have all also defined the shop as a low-skilled shop but about half of the chops after carers but they could also have 50% more regular shops.

142
00:25:28.000 --> 00:25:42.000
If you are looking who is dances this work, then you find both countries increasing or European migrants also in European countries but all the nationals from their own countries, German nationals.

143
00:25:42.000 --> 00:25:50.000
In Germany, of course, a mic, of course, is that good. So migrants are more in a grain market because we have more grey market.

144
00:25:50.000 --> 00:26:04.000
And we have always the difficulties for for Eastern European residents that say have a now only access to our regular labor market or even to mini job since 2,011.

145
00:26:04.000 --> 00:26:12.000
If I come to live in care services, so it's say only exist in Germany. Here's a household is always the employer.

146
00:26:12.000 --> 00:26:20.000
If we have a very widespread crane market, there are some regulations. But not good use regulation at least.

147
00:26:20.000 --> 00:26:37.000
We use a regulations to construct employment arrangements below term standards even is a strong legally controversial around it. We have national regulations you could use for better situation but is hardly used.

148
00:26:37.000 --> 00:26:45.000
If you come to people who's doing it, it's mainly almost only female migrants and very often from Eastern European countries.

149
00:26:45.000 --> 00:27:00.000
Say even often they are trained but not in care related training. In above all the younger migrants say they are now try at least to use this as a springboard for employment in other areas of the labor market.

150
00:27:00.000 --> 00:27:03.000
I would like to sum it up.

151
00:27:03.000 --> 00:27:11.000
In my analysis, I looked at the involvement of Michael Kerbergas in the elderly care sector in German in Sweden.

152
00:27:11.000 --> 00:27:22.000
I use the perspective intersectionality where I try to look at intersection between my grace and state who's social class and gender and I looked on the interaction of street policy areas.

153
00:27:22.000 --> 00:27:29.000
And I'll be short summarized now servically but I saw it. The elderly care policies are very important.

154
00:27:29.000 --> 00:27:45.000
First assignment of the care activities to distinct care settings across the private public sector. Employment policies. Is important for the definition of the paid care activities that defines the skill levels, the labor of precariousness.

155
00:27:45.000 --> 00:27:55.000
And so, Relevent as an intersection for social class, which is for me, how much skill do we give to to one activity?

156
00:27:55.000 --> 00:28:04.000
What is the consequences for employment and also in return that perspective because there are typically gender activities? So migration policies.

157
00:28:04.000 --> 00:28:19.000
I am, important was allocation to of migrants to different care settings. In employment forms and placing the term situation in for the construction of new very often precarious employment forms.

158
00:28:19.000 --> 00:28:27.000
If I know summarize it from both country sites and I can say both countries have professional care services developed.

159
00:28:27.000 --> 00:28:36.000
You find similar levels of discriminations despite different patterns of employment and even despite different groups who have been employed.

160
00:28:36.000 --> 00:28:48.000
But if you look at the whole system, we have very strong divide. So Germany has a family oriented system with a strong role of the private house as employer on the gray or regular market.

161
00:28:48.000 --> 00:28:56.000
Mainly related to house attendance or house at- services and living care services and you find you have a really strong devilation of the activity.

162
00:28:56.000 --> 00:29:05.000
It's mainly low low seen as low skilled work and precarious work. In Sweden you have a service rendered system.

163
00:29:05.000 --> 00:29:15.000
You have a strong role of the professional care service providers. And you have now b private firms who separately or Oh, organize house unlimited services.

164
00:29:15.000 --> 00:29:23.000
Here you find all the duration of the activity. But less than it's a private household in Germany.

165
00:29:23.000 --> 00:29:30.000
If you look at the migration, I would want to look at who's recruited and how as I recruited, all the important differences.

166
00:29:30.000 --> 00:29:36.000
In Germany, we have this international recruitment from EU countries and third countries, often skilled care workers.

167
00:29:36.000 --> 00:29:44.000
And they have a big grey market is also internationally recruited. People visit all these very strong ethical implications.

168
00:29:44.000 --> 00:29:54.000
In Sweden you have a lot of refugees doing this care work. For It's trained and skilled in unskilled as a sweet dish nationals also.

169
00:29:54.000 --> 00:30:01.000
And you have recruitment from EU countries mainly for in the house or in the service area.

170
00:30:01.000 --> 00:30:10.000
And then I would like to close and say thank you for your attention.

171
00:30:10.000 --> 00:30:18.000
Thank you, Dr. Eggard. Our next presenter. Is.

172
00:30:18.000 --> 00:30:25.000
Dot. From the

173
00:30:25.000 --> 00:30:40.000
Sorry, don't know. That's difficult for me. Everybody excepts gonna make us. Let's see.

174
00:30:40.000 --> 00:30:44.000
Okay.

175
00:30:44.000 --> 00:30:55.000
Yeah, did anything happen here? Yep, good thing there.

176
00:30:55.000 --> 00:30:59.000
Right.

177
00:30:59.000 --> 00:31:02.000
Get rid of this for you. Thank you.

178
00:31:02.000 --> 00:31:14.000
Good. Thank you. I am I not everybody and I'm presenting this on behalf of myself and my 2 colleague Celia Fisher.

179
00:31:14.000 --> 00:31:24.000
And the loss in the term. At Autumn with Propolitan University. And this is a randomized control experiment.

180
00:31:24.000 --> 00:31:34.000
We are we wanted to investigate to be extent street level bureaucrats or social workers who work in the employment aid.

181
00:31:34.000 --> 00:31:53.000
Treat applicants with ethnic minority name different from applicants with It's Scandinavian impossible to pronounce anybody else's name And so what we have been doing Does something happen here?

182
00:31:53.000 --> 00:32:01.000
No. Still, nothing happens.

183
00:32:01.000 --> 00:32:06.000
Yep, thank you.

184
00:32:06.000 --> 00:32:16.000
So we I posted this big net, it's a big net experiment to A couple of 100.

185
00:32:16.000 --> 00:32:29.000
Street or bureaucrats in Norway may be given this big net. And we asked them if this is an applicant for unemployment benefits.

186
00:32:29.000 --> 00:32:38.000
Who is by law required to follow certain activation requirements. If that activation requirements are not fulfilled.

187
00:32:38.000 --> 00:32:45.000
The state of bercat can withdraw or reduce the benefit that's sort of the system.

188
00:32:45.000 --> 00:32:53.000
The activation policy. Most countries have it these days. And here's the big net. We We've voted 2 things.

189
00:32:53.000 --> 00:32:55.000
We've added first in name Abdi Muhammadiyama, which is sort of a typical North African name.

190
00:32:55.000 --> 00:33:09.000
We are actually going for the Somali name. This is the closest we got because Somalis are generally regarded as male tumales.

191
00:33:09.000 --> 00:33:21.000
Thank you. Out of God as sort of as the group who Yes, so stereotyped to a largest extent in innovation media you know, a difficult group.

192
00:33:21.000 --> 00:33:37.000
To when it comes to unemployment policy. And then in native name, so, half of the respondents got Abdi Mamma, Yamaha, half of them got Stienberg and tell you the big net here.

193
00:33:37.000 --> 00:33:45.000
Abdi Mohamed Stian is 32 years old. He lives alone and has not completed a per-secondary school.

194
00:33:45.000 --> 00:33:54.000
And then we added, if. There was some information about if this person had violated activation requirements before.

195
00:33:54.000 --> 00:34:05.000
Or no information about earlier violations or activation requirements. The Social Security Employment Office is very familiar with him because he was not social assistant for a long period of time.

196
00:34:05.000 --> 00:34:16.000
Half got that information, the other half didn't get that information at all. He got a temporary job in a warehouse, followed by a permanent position in the parts and a sensor department of a garage.

197
00:34:16.000 --> 00:34:22.000
He lost that job when they got it closed down. And as now the seed unemployment benefit for 13 months.

198
00:34:22.000 --> 00:34:30.000
Abdes or CN has applied for several jobs and says he is very motivated to retain to retrain, to improve his chances of employment.

199
00:34:30.000 --> 00:34:38.000
So it's motivated, right? And then, you know, half got this extra information up this DN has been registered for several course in the past, but with irregular attendance and his benefits both reduced.

200
00:34:38.000 --> 00:34:49.000
So we have sort of earlier violated these requirements versus. Not giving that information to the student we look at.

201
00:34:49.000 --> 00:35:00.000
Abdeslam has now been assigned to a work training course for clerks, but you but helicopter the crux of the matter, you have received a message saying that he has not attended 3 out of the last 10 course days.

202
00:35:00.000 --> 00:35:11.000
You have sent him a warning or benefits election. This Tian has called you saying that you find it hard to concentrate on the course and he dubs that the cause is right for him.

203
00:35:11.000 --> 00:35:23.000
And the question of to this particular bureaucratic is you given this information would be reduced to benefit for this guy or would you say you know we keep it going and see how it works right?

204
00:35:23.000 --> 00:35:38.000
So what we are out here is sort of we are we are testing theories of stereotypes. So we are in the field of cognitive psychology, sociological theory, normative sociological theory.

205
00:35:38.000 --> 00:35:56.000
So that's over our theoretical apparatus. And our initial hypothesis here is that if you give no information about earlier having violated these requirements, then the state libraries are going to treat up the milder than Xian.

206
00:35:56.000 --> 00:36:10.000
Why? Because social workers, most of these people we because social workers are taught in their training that, you know, immigrants in particular, Somali males are subject of systematic discrimination.

207
00:36:10.000 --> 00:36:20.000
And because they have this knowledge. David think that, hey, Abdi might now be an offer for circumstances that he has no control over.

208
00:36:20.000 --> 00:36:30.000
So it will fit him milder. As long as Dante Young as long as as they have no for the information.

209
00:36:30.000 --> 00:36:40.000
However, if you add information that this guy has earlier violated requirements, then the stereotype shifts.

210
00:36:40.000 --> 00:36:53.000
Then you know this guy is a shortcut he's a strategist and there is his stereotype in in North Norway that, Immigrants from in the north.

211
00:36:53.000 --> 00:37:13.000
Africa, they are sort of victims as long as they don't know anything about them. But if there's, but if this information about being an ethnic minority is intersected with information that confirms stereotypes about that person, then you know that he's much harsher.

212
00:37:13.000 --> 00:37:19.000
So this is the racially classification model. A developer Shrum and his colleagues in the American Journal of Sociology a few years ago.

213
00:37:19.000 --> 00:37:49.000
Which postulates that as long as you have no information about ethnic minority. You are Don't have any other opinion about it about him or is that person easier but if We add information that sort of confirms a stereotype of a minority as a person who is a Shoki, then, the goes totally down other

214
00:37:49.000 --> 00:38:04.000
direction. Temporary title was was fragile trust. You know, stress to ethnic background that it's fragile.

215
00:38:04.000 --> 00:38:12.000
So what do we find? Well, let me first just say a little bit about the the whole thing.

216
00:38:12.000 --> 00:38:19.000
There's the survey, this is more than 3,000 front line virtues. So it's a big study, very costly.

217
00:38:19.000 --> 00:38:31.000
From a representative sample of 107 local sources security employment offices in Norway, the offices were selected among a total of 430 offices with around 13,000 frontline workers.

218
00:38:31.000 --> 00:38:35.000
So, you know, I mean, that's representative. Response rate by 51%.

219
00:38:35.000 --> 00:38:45.000
So. Should be higher but you know 15% is not that bad. Only those who confirmed they had experience administrating the unemployment benefit scheme 645 workers.

220
00:38:45.000 --> 00:39:05.000
Got access to the ignite out out of whom all answered the magnet. And you presented the big net very early in the scheme so that people shouldn't get tired right they should get this will be fresh in the mind that they got this one and all to be excluded 8 in respondents we used less than 30Â s to a evaluating net and answer the

221
00:39:05.000 --> 00:39:09.000
follow-up questions to evaluate a big net and answer the follow-up question about the confidence in the decision.

222
00:39:09.000 --> 00:39:16.000
So we had this put it in because there's a tendency on surveys and you get tired and who cares anyway.

223
00:39:16.000 --> 00:39:18.000
So at least 30Â s, so we know that they have sort of really thought a bit about what's going on.

224
00:39:18.000 --> 00:39:24.000
So we know that they have sort of really thought a bit about what's going on. We think it's pretty high quality data.

225
00:39:24.000 --> 00:39:31.000
I actually think it's the highest quality data of this type of server experiments or the few experiments that have been done.

226
00:39:31.000 --> 00:39:42.000
It's a side note, it's often very difficult to get a government to do these kind of experiments because you know They might not like the findings, right?

227
00:39:42.000 --> 00:39:51.000
But we actually got acceptance in order for doing this by them. And primeatenesis. So what did they find?

228
00:39:51.000 --> 00:40:01.000
You basically find, you know, that tendencies are as expected. As long as this is the majority, this is Tienenberg.

229
00:40:01.000 --> 00:40:14.000
Noel free history given you see that 53% wanted to sanction this guy But when it comes to Abdi, Muhammad, only 39% wanted to sanction this guy.

230
00:40:14.000 --> 00:40:26.000
So yes, they treat the minority. I think minority person More landed slowly milder. As long as they don't know anything about it earlier.

231
00:40:26.000 --> 00:40:42.000
History of having been violated. Activation requirement. However, when we add information about earlier having having violated activation requirements.

232
00:40:42.000 --> 00:40:50.000
Then it flips. Now they treat up the harsher than steam. 51% want to sanction Abdi.

233
00:40:50.000 --> 00:40:57.000
Interestingly, it goes a little bit down for Sienna, now the native only 44% want to sanction this guy.

234
00:40:57.000 --> 00:41:12.000
And since these are randomized who got this big net and they were not told they were part of an experiment So my question is if there's this ethnic behavior, but it's important that they don't know who they are part of an experiment in order to do this work.

235
00:41:12.000 --> 00:41:29.000
So we see and now we we we argue that We first find confirmation of the fact that without any information about earlier sort of unfortunate suspicious behaviors of this peak.

236
00:41:29.000 --> 00:41:37.000
No reason street have a brocade, treat, treat. Yeah, ethnic minority climates milder than natives.

237
00:41:37.000 --> 00:41:46.000
However, if we add information that confirms the stereotype of Somali males in particular as strategic people.

238
00:41:46.000 --> 00:41:53.000
Then you know something clicks inside the head of the state of a bureaucrat and that's it up the harder.

239
00:41:53.000 --> 00:42:04.000
Than than, So we argue that we are sort of confirming. To some extent from at all's the radiation classification model.

240
00:42:04.000 --> 00:42:18.000
And we're also confirming studies that you know Sleary Democrats may have a pre-understanding that I think minority claimants are often victims of constructive discrimination.

241
00:42:18.000 --> 00:42:25.000
This knowledge may be activated but we call that needed this servingness cognitive schema. Suggested by Elk and Tamers.

242
00:42:25.000 --> 00:42:31.000
Or the lack of control, the surveillance criteria suggested by Fun Or Shot, which is sort of, you're a victim.

243
00:42:31.000 --> 00:42:43.000
You're not as strategist, you're a victim. those, you know, research that are made street level bureaucrats are veryIVE or STRACKED AVERY BERLICKS AVERIOR AUSTRAKE Discrimination genetic minorities.

244
00:42:43.000 --> 00:42:56.000
I teach these type of students by the way. May he explain why they are less inclined to sanction Abdi Dhan, but with a very important caveat that this is the case only when the big nets give limited information about the recipients give limited information about the recipients previous conduct.

245
00:42:56.000 --> 00:43:05.000
Add the information and now the stereotype is activated. And this is sort of activate or not a victim but a strategist.

246
00:43:05.000 --> 00:43:16.000
Yes. So that's, that's the finding. And and And we sort of think, we have we have done earlier studies of this.

247
00:43:16.000 --> 00:43:29.000
We had done this study before and found the same result. So, you know, there's replication crisis in in the social sciences when it comes to psychology.

248
00:43:29.000 --> 00:43:51.000
It's a robust finding since we have done this same study before and found the same effect. The new thing here is that we wants to test the initial classification model so we added this information about previous and you know undesirable conduct and then you know we find that there is a classification model.

249
00:43:51.000 --> 00:44:00.000
Has something going for it. It must be said though that you know statistic significance is an issue. This difference is statistically significant.

250
00:44:00.000 --> 00:44:06.000
First one and also it's statistically significant that the minority with no welfare history is treated much mildly than a minority with the welfare history.

251
00:44:06.000 --> 00:44:19.000
The other tendencies are not statistically significant, although we are more than 600 respondents. So, you know, tongue-in-cheek, if you, if you should really trust that it's really switches.

252
00:44:19.000 --> 00:44:28.000
But I think that the direction of change is is very speeches. But I think that the direction of change is very good theories here.

253
00:44:28.000 --> 00:44:33.000
The good theories that suggest that this is what we should find. So we are fairly confident that this is OK.

254
00:44:33.000 --> 00:44:41.000
And I feel anybody I think this is interesting and fun and lectured fun. I don't want to be flippant here. Interesting.

255
00:44:41.000 --> 00:44:55.000
Then this was has just now been published by Actor Sciologica. I got it accepted there and and act as it's Logical is an open access journalist so just Google it and you can read the whole thing there.

256
00:44:55.000 --> 00:45:04.000
Thank you.

257
00:45:04.000 --> 00:45:27.000
Thank you very much. Our next presenter is Mr. John Alam. On the apartment docile, in Cohattan University of Science and Technology in Pakistan.

258
00:45:27.000 --> 00:45:32.000
Dr. Jam, are you there?

259
00:45:32.000 --> 00:45:38.000
Dr. Allen, can you hear us?

260
00:45:38.000 --> 00:45:42.000
The Toronto

261
00:45:42.000 --> 00:46:04.000
Hmm? He's not. So we can start so the discussion. With the tree works 3 researcher had and them we can If, if Mr. Jam entered in the meeting, we can give him the words to.

262
00:46:04.000 --> 00:46:06.000
He's presentation, okay?

263
00:46:06.000 --> 00:46:08.000
Yes.

264
00:46:08.000 --> 00:46:20.000
Some comments, questions? Please you have to be here because of the microphone because Limited is

265
00:46:20.000 --> 00:46:28.000
He's online.

266
00:46:28.000 --> 00:46:39.000
Thank you for presentations. I'm waiting from Stockton University and have one question to Wow.

267
00:46:39.000 --> 00:46:58.000
Yes.

268
00:46:58.000 --> 00:46:59.000
Hmm.

269
00:46:59.000 --> 00:47:09.000
On question to hear the guard. And yeah, could you reflect a bit on the what yeah, I'm just curious what do you think of the policy changes on migration and labor market in Sweden recently the restricted migration and they raised the requirement for For me, I believe.

270
00:47:09.000 --> 00:47:10.000
Yes.

271
00:47:10.000 --> 00:47:25.000
Would have some implications on your findings and and they were during COVID there was a huge discussion about the how the privatization of elderly care has led to so much death.

272
00:47:25.000 --> 00:47:32.000
Yeah, I'm just just curious. Yeah. And one question to,

273
00:47:32.000 --> 00:47:42.000
Sorry, I don't remember. So, Oh, alright. Sorry.

274
00:47:42.000 --> 00:48:00.000
Yeah, first I will I'm curious why you find this reverse credit is a steam was treated better when when he has that history and and also why do you throw out the half of the sample like because they They don't work.

275
00:48:00.000 --> 00:48:27.000
In this particular department but I bet it's Not so uncommon for workers to transfer and Maybe you find something else but then may speak of like the role of experience in this kind this kind of task and so I mean you don't have so large sample so that's why it runs out of significant spots.

276
00:48:27.000 --> 00:48:34.000
Would be interesting to. Let's see. Yeah. Thank you.

277
00:48:34.000 --> 00:48:42.000
Wow.

278
00:48:42.000 --> 00:48:52.000
Hi, thank you very much. I'm from Australia and I'd like to offer first a comment to the Japanese paper that you might be interested in.

279
00:48:52.000 --> 00:49:09.000
We have fairly recently developed what's called the MDIS National Disability Insurance Scheme and it's it's run into a lot of it's it's budgeting forecasts have blown out because there were far there's far more disability than they anticipated.

280
00:49:09.000 --> 00:49:17.000
So just this week. I have redrawn the line and I like how you use the line. They have redrawn the line.

281
00:49:17.000 --> 00:49:36.000
As to who will be eligible for that kind of support and so some will be more disabled than others to quote you know more equal than others and as so you might like to watch the Australian media for the next year or so around the NDIS because I think there will be a lot of fights.

282
00:49:36.000 --> 00:49:46.000
For people who have had the official recognition and legitimation of their condition and having it taken. Oh yeah.

283
00:49:46.000 --> 00:50:02.000
Now I'd like to, so that's just a comment. For Hildegard, I'm interested in painted as a really interesting picture in both countries of this perfect storm.

284
00:50:02.000 --> 00:50:32.000
Yeah, the disadvantage gender migration status. Working in low skills but in a highly fragmented, you know, in the household and that to me just sounds like a perfect storm for very poor industrial power.

285
00:50:32.000 --> 00:50:34.000
Okay.

286
00:50:34.000 --> 00:50:47.000
Okay, 2 questions and then then more than before. So, not too big up with me. He'll get, let's see.

287
00:50:47.000 --> 00:51:00.000
How is this on, right away? Yeah. This is Hiligori. No, no, no, you understand?

288
00:51:00.000 --> 00:51:04.000
Thank you.

289
00:51:04.000 --> 00:51:06.000
Yeah, let's see.

290
00:51:06.000 --> 00:51:13.000
As I did not get the last question, I don't know as a comment what I have to say.

291
00:51:13.000 --> 00:51:24.000
. Please scan you talk there. Oh, I think this one is working better

292
00:51:24.000 --> 00:51:25.000
Yes.

293
00:51:25.000 --> 00:51:46.000
Oh. Hi, Hildegard. I'll just put it in. So you painted as a picture in both countries of the intersection of you know the disadvantaged gender, the disadvantaged migration status and then working increasingly in in the household as the enterprise which to me seems to be perfect conditions for exploitation

294
00:51:46.000 --> 00:52:00.000
and very little industrial power. Could you please tell us how and whether the 2 nations are anticipating and protecting those workers rights.

295
00:52:00.000 --> 00:52:09.000
Okay. Okay.

296
00:52:09.000 --> 00:52:21.000
Okay, okay.

297
00:52:21.000 --> 00:52:25.000
Shall, shall I start perhaps if you want to think?

298
00:52:25.000 --> 00:52:30.000
Hi, I can also start it. Or you can start. Oh my god. Yes.

299
00:52:30.000 --> 00:52:35.000
Okay, let me let me start then. If that's if that's okay. Okay.

300
00:52:35.000 --> 00:52:37.000
Yes, of course.

301
00:52:37.000 --> 00:52:52.000
Yes, Stean and Abdin. By, if I understood the question correctly, you saw this tendency that you saw this tendency that you stand without any information about earlieriking without any information about earlier violations of activation requirements.

302
00:52:52.000 --> 00:53:02.000
Is actually he's treated milder actually when you have information about earlier violations. It will also be puzzling to us.

303
00:53:02.000 --> 00:53:10.000
But it's not fertile, it's not statistically significant. Okay, that the effect on steel is not statistically significant.

304
00:53:10.000 --> 00:53:23.000
The effect of the statistically significant that you have hit it much harsher. We have this sort of hypothesis that when it comes to steam, who is a native or native?

305
00:53:23.000 --> 00:53:31.000
The fact that he has earlier violated his activation requirement might activate another stereotype than when it comes to Abdi.

306
00:53:31.000 --> 00:53:45.000
When it comes to Sti and the native, the fact that it's earlier violated activation crime might sort of indicate to the state of a period, hey, there might be some health issues here, maybe some psychological mental health kind of problems.

307
00:53:45.000 --> 00:53:54.000
So that might explain, you know, if there's a tendency to teach him milder, but although he, you know, has violated activation requirements.

308
00:53:54.000 --> 00:54:03.000
But with Abdi. You know, it's very clear that, you know, without an information, you know, Abdi is seen as potentially.

309
00:54:03.000 --> 00:54:13.000
A victim of structural discrimination and but with information that Abby has earlier, maybe he's a recent arrival, right?

310
00:54:13.000 --> 00:54:21.000
But then we have information that this guy has earlier violated activation environments. Then we know he's been in the country for a long time.

311
00:54:21.000 --> 00:54:42.000
And then you activate the stereotype of a strategist. And so, so that's how we sort of explain these differences but again I emphasized that the tenants for for Tian is not statistically statistically significant so you know but that would be an interesting thing to check for future research.

312
00:54:42.000 --> 00:54:54.000
So basically we have sort of different stereotypes. And what we are testing is how stereotypes influence a behavior among these little bureaucrats.

313
00:54:54.000 --> 00:55:04.000
And it's so. And we sort of, I think we've basically, confirm you know, earliest studies of stereotyping.

314
00:55:04.000 --> 00:55:16.000
There's lots tons of references in in in the in the paper if you want to show if you're not familiar with this letter to it on stereotyping.

315
00:55:16.000 --> 00:55:22.000
Why did they throw out half of the sample and just stick with 643 respondents.

316
00:55:22.000 --> 00:55:47.000
Again, it's a trade-off between having a lot of people answering it and they get and you know having high quality answers so we wanted to restrict the people who got this big net to those who were familiar with the functioning clients who are on unemployment benefits.

317
00:55:47.000 --> 00:55:56.000
Soviet army we choose only to give this V net to sweetly because people are familiar with sanctioning that's the Norwegian sanctioning regime.

318
00:55:56.000 --> 00:56:02.000
So it was done in order to get high quality of the respondents. High quality respondents.

319
00:56:02.000 --> 00:56:11.000
And we think, you know, 343 is pretty decent, a pretty decent number anyway.

320
00:56:11.000 --> 00:56:18.000
Thank you very much. There are more questions.

321
00:56:18.000 --> 00:56:25.000
I have a question.

322
00:56:25.000 --> 00:56:48.000
And I am the light. I am very happy because we have very interesting researchers and results. And as the main topic is intersectionalities, I would like to ask all of us about what are the implications of your results of in intersectionality theory.

323
00:56:48.000 --> 00:56:59.000
For example, there there is a discussion about targeting specific groups like Black woman.

324
00:56:59.000 --> 00:57:10.000
And it's can hire the problems of black men, for example. So suffering of police violence, imprisonment, etc.

325
00:57:10.000 --> 00:57:26.000
No. So in Norway also What do you suggest, for example, to develop a wide comprehensive theoretical approach.

326
00:57:26.000 --> 00:57:43.000
For intersectionalities. According to your results. For example, in Japan it's very very interesting you you identify specific groups with different levels of health and some are more benefited than others.

327
00:57:43.000 --> 00:57:51.000
Promote some kind of conflicts in the societies happening in different countries because some groups are more supported than others.

328
00:57:51.000 --> 00:58:00.000
It's very understandable. So what do you suggest? All of you know the same with refugees in Norway the same with the workers migrant working in Germany.

329
00:58:00.000 --> 00:58:14.000
What do you suggest theoretically? Okay, to have a just more comprehensive understanding of intersectionality and on the other side for policies.

330
00:58:14.000 --> 00:58:44.000
What would be the best way designing specific components of the policies for each group, for example, for the contract of refugees, the contract of migrants to take care of elderly or employment for these different groups of men and women with different levels of health or to continue having a general policy of welfare state to come back to this approach of universal policies

331
00:58:48.000 --> 00:58:58.000
and focusing inside this policy in some specific group of what would be your suggestion theoretically and in policies.

332
00:58:58.000 --> 00:58:59.000
Thank you.

333
00:58:59.000 --> 00:59:03.000
Okay, shall I start? I could have to answer the other questions.

334
00:59:03.000 --> 00:59:05.000
Yeah, you can start.

335
00:59:05.000 --> 00:59:13.000
Okay, then I start music with the first round of questions if not answered. Yes, if I look at to Sweden, my I have now presented research.

336
00:59:13.000 --> 00:59:25.000
I have fret in very different or different research results of studies in Sweden and most of these studies are related the better time.

337
00:59:25.000 --> 00:59:34.000
So there's the policies policies policies, policies are revenues and not so restrictive. I would assume that it would be much more difficult for them now.

338
00:59:34.000 --> 00:59:48.000
Because the basic was had said very quickly a permanent status. And could develop a life plan in some sense.

339
00:59:48.000 --> 00:59:54.000
Yeah, because if you look at training levels or skill levels and not were sent to speed so they all invest.

340
00:59:54.000 --> 01:00:02.000
In trainings, training levels, which I think you do if you see all the perspective for you. In a country.

341
01:00:02.000 --> 01:00:15.000
And so I would expect that it will become more difficult for them on the long run if this policies really, really plea as, so even in the future.

342
01:00:15.000 --> 01:00:30.000
If I take, if I perhaps say something to termin the term situation, we are now only starting to sing the best and how we should in involve more attitudes also at it's still a very difficult situation.

343
01:00:30.000 --> 01:00:46.000
We have a lot of resistance and people who don't think it's good and so on. It's very difficult in Germany at the moment still.

344
01:00:46.000 --> 01:00:47.000
You

345
01:00:47.000 --> 01:01:01.000
If I take the situation COVID and the marketization of this Swedish professional services. I know from research that So it's Sweden a lot a lot of death rate to cover it was around Stockholm or in the trade area of Stockholm in our set say you have very marketized services there because Stockholm is a central some

346
01:01:01.000 --> 01:01:06.000
sense of market I say no greater Stockholm and if you look at trees search international an international comparative research you see, that's precariousness is very strict.

347
01:01:06.000 --> 01:01:22.000
Yeah, has a strong impact on this in Nelson Homes for example. So you can see that a difficult situation on on the labor market.

348
01:01:22.000 --> 01:01:33.000
Employment in elderly care really has had a very bad influence or a very bad impact on the situation of COVID, let's say.

349
01:01:33.000 --> 01:01:46.000
And then if I look at it at the policies in Germany, how can we? Go ahead, how could the state change or what does does the state do to use this exploitation in private households?

350
01:01:46.000 --> 01:01:57.000
So I have to say not much. You are very harnessed. So in in our private house, related to how how to run the services.

351
01:01:57.000 --> 01:02:05.000
We have got these schemes on mini shops in private households. That's only slightly by, some sense, but it's still precarious to have even if you getre better in some sense but it's still precarious.

352
01:02:05.000 --> 01:02:15.000
To have even if we get such a job, we have not, it's a minute. Really, no 2 social security.

353
01:02:15.000 --> 01:02:24.000
Most of people don't. In particular as migrants. That's not so much a termination but some migrants say need more chops. Yeah.

354
01:02:24.000 --> 01:02:30.000
Because some have the mates earnings. So typically, they would combine. A mini job is more with grain market shops and so on.

355
01:02:30.000 --> 01:02:41.000
It's a very it's a very it's a very weak solutions and if you look at the exploitation related to the living care services.

356
01:02:41.000 --> 01:02:47.000
Or the here as a state is. That's not too much. We know that you have these problems.

357
01:02:47.000 --> 01:02:48.000
We have a lot of micron care burgers living in private households and the state do not do much.

358
01:02:48.000 --> 01:03:18.000
If I'm really honestly. But. But say, yeah, some similar side organizations who try to develop models where you can have a better situation and say are models who really use in national national regulations we should be as a normal as a typical term standard regulations not precarious regulations but these CCDs these possibilities are only rarely used.

359
01:03:20.000 --> 01:03:24.000
At the most people don't use this because it's more expensive. You have not so much time.

360
01:03:24.000 --> 01:03:33.000
You have only full time work. That's only 40Â h. And we, we have not a lot of hours a week and we have not a lot of hours a week and so on.

361
01:03:33.000 --> 01:03:45.000
So it's it's very difficult. You have, you need to try to change something. But at the moment I don't see so many perspectives even if it think it's very important.

362
01:03:45.000 --> 01:03:53.000
And if I quickly go to the intersection, so theoretical issues, I would say in my research it's very important.

363
01:03:53.000 --> 01:04:02.000
To combine the in the category approach to combine at the same time for us mean gender? What does mean social class?

364
01:04:02.000 --> 01:04:09.000
What does mean my creation? And social class is for me as the impact of the definition of skill levels.

365
01:04:09.000 --> 01:04:20.000
How do we look at an activity, for example? What a situation of people with this key levels, what else have employment situation is for me, or this social class perspective.

366
01:04:20.000 --> 01:04:29.000
But always related to trend that because it's typically female activities and So, you have overseas in relationships, it's a social class perspective.

367
01:04:29.000 --> 01:04:39.000
In this standard areas but since then take my migration so you have to points that migrants can be very well trained.

368
01:04:39.000 --> 01:04:48.000
For example, if in Karen, Germany, in private house are not so I have no care rated training but they are not well trained actually.

369
01:04:48.000 --> 01:04:57.000
Must be, because they are migrants, they are doing jobs. At a very, very low level, below term and labor more standard actually.

370
01:04:57.000 --> 01:05:08.000
Who can show his influence of this. Of this of these different difference inkability or intersection we can say.

371
01:05:08.000 --> 01:05:24.000
If I look at policies, so my mind point is also that of course you need policies to support or the improved situation but you have ordered the thing on the on a more general level as if you was like the Germans have done it have a lot of activities with a private house or this without good regulations.

372
01:05:24.000 --> 01:05:42.000
Then you will create jobs and lows key levels, very precarious jobs and so on. Also, basic policies have to be very well developed.

373
01:05:42.000 --> 01:05:51.000
If you look at employment policies, so if it take a mini jobs if you have such bad employment policies you have a lot lot of difficulties for people who have to do it and it's very often later to discrimination for people doing it.

374
01:05:51.000 --> 01:06:02.000
Or if you look at migration for people doing it. Or if you look at migration policies. So my point here is also, mean you don't need only policies.

375
01:06:02.000 --> 01:06:20.000
To improve the situation we should from from the very beginning think how should our policies be created. Was house should be designed that we grade a labor market area where you where you don't have so much precariousness for all people.

376
01:06:20.000 --> 01:06:30.000
And the on and so on. How should we migration policies create that you don't create such difficult situations?

377
01:06:30.000 --> 01:06:31.000
Thank you.

378
01:06:31.000 --> 01:06:34.000
Okay.

379
01:06:34.000 --> 01:06:44.000
Okay. Can you hear me? Okay, okay. So in Japan, it was, discussed, similar to intersectionality approach.

380
01:06:44.000 --> 01:06:54.000
So what so in Japan we have a gender gap approach but it is a limited to the woman with children.

381
01:06:54.000 --> 01:07:17.000
On the other hand, our social policy about young people with disability do not consider the gender gap. So I think in my opinion, person maker is easy to thinking about only one program so it's we have to interchanging about this station.

382
01:07:17.000 --> 01:07:41.000
We should is a more complex issue in our policy. So, and so I had I was This, this, this concept of as an intersectionality I think is a yeah, I know it's just a start of us a broccoli program so as our but is we are out of a program in a society we are more

383
01:07:41.000 --> 01:08:01.000
expanding about the international framework so it's a we can thinking about we can are analyze through in the intersection framework so we can get is another problem in society.

384
01:08:01.000 --> 01:08:11.000
Yes, when it comes to to the policy implications of So, this study. Well, first of all, our beef was not really with with policy implications.

385
01:08:11.000 --> 01:08:24.000
We were interested in in basic theories about normative theories of why some people regard that as serving others enough as it's serving.

386
01:08:24.000 --> 01:08:48.000
So we're into sociological theories of disturbingness, what is disturbing us. And we wanted to combine the sociological theories of the servingness with with cognitive psychology studies about both activate stereotypes or what activates cognitive schema or cognitive shamata to be sort of a more valuable concept and

387
01:08:48.000 --> 01:08:55.000
stereotypes. And as such, the racial classification model by Sharaman colleagues is sort of very important here because that's the theory about intersectionality.

388
01:08:55.000 --> 01:09:19.000
Now intersectionality sort of combines the cognitive psychology. Because this theory is that it's not you know ethnicity as such as a marker but its ethnicity combined with behavioral traits that creates a conscious gamma.

389
01:09:19.000 --> 01:09:29.000
So you know, that's why I also sent it to Actress The Logical, which is a journal or a sort of a theory and not a journal of applied research.

390
01:09:29.000 --> 01:09:48.000
Having said that, I think that 1, one applied. Fast thing of this study. Is that it can make street-level bureaucrats more sensitive, more reflective about the use of stereotypes.

391
01:09:48.000 --> 01:09:55.000
I mean, all these data types, part of the even condition. But to be self reflective about your stereotypes is important.

392
01:09:55.000 --> 01:10:04.000
That's why, you know, this study was, you know, made quite a splash in Norwegian employment agency.

393
01:10:04.000 --> 01:10:17.000
And we've been traveling around to local offices and employment offices, showing them the data. And having a discussion with these little bureaucrats about what they think about their findings.

394
01:10:17.000 --> 01:10:27.000
This is sort of an applied part of it. So you know we've been travelling around Norway showing the traffic that what I've been travelling around Norway showing the traffic that what I've been showing you here and then what I've been showing you here and then having a discussion with St.

395
01:10:27.000 --> 01:10:33.000
Leberclass about bodies and this is sort of the sensitivity of your cuts to the fact that we all use stereotypes.

396
01:10:33.000 --> 01:10:43.000
Just be self-evident about them, right? So that's an applied thing. But it's also, let me also add this that.

397
01:10:43.000 --> 01:10:53.000
The fact that Abdi is treated in milder than Steam. We make the point is in general that this is not necessarily positive discrimination.

398
01:10:53.000 --> 01:10:59.000
Some would say that, hey Drops, this is not necessarily positive discrimination. Some would say that, hey, thisrobs, we are too easy going on.

399
01:10:59.000 --> 01:11:11.000
On minorities here, you know. You can't say that from this study because it is it is first of all, it's a big net.

400
01:11:11.000 --> 01:11:21.000
Unlike you know control experiments when you when you send employers job applications with UBSD on top of them. This is a real type of division.

401
01:11:21.000 --> 01:11:29.000
This is a big net only. And we argue with that, the fact that an update is treated in a milder than steel.

402
01:11:29.000 --> 01:11:45.000
That can be perfectly legitimate. Because if street liberal cats think that there is reason to believe that Abdi is subjected to to discrimination in the in the labor market, but Stean is not.

403
01:11:45.000 --> 01:11:54.000
Then you know, Abi and Tian are different along parameters that it is legitimate for social workers to take into consideration.

404
01:11:54.000 --> 01:12:06.000
So, you know, it can be perfectly legitimate. Because discrimination after all is that you know equal cases are treated differently for reasons that are not relevant.

405
01:12:06.000 --> 01:12:22.000
But it might be that the ethnicity of the climate is actually a relevant criterion. When it comes to whether or not audience the young should you know both be is sanctioned for breaking activation requirements.

406
01:12:22.000 --> 01:12:29.000
So we don't, we will not say that this is in sort of a normative. A sense we don't know that.

407
01:12:29.000 --> 01:12:45.000
We've got to know is that it treats in this magnetic Milder than Stephen if there's no information about about the previous unfortunate behavior that is not seen as very good.

408
01:12:45.000 --> 01:12:53.000
But is treated harsher if this information is added.

409
01:12:53.000 --> 01:13:06.000
Suggested the public state at advantage of our text telling speakers and more questions. Performance. Please.

410
01:13:06.000 --> 01:13:12.000
That's

411
01:13:12.000 --> 01:13:22.000
Hi, I'm a PhD student at the University of Melbourne. And I wanted to continue the conversation about theoretical issues and intersectionality.

412
01:13:22.000 --> 01:13:45.000
So I am particularly interested in the scope of intersectionality. And debates about the so called whitening of intersectionality and a turn away from critical race race as a category and towards ethnicity, migration status and other similar concepts.

413
01:13:45.000 --> 01:13:53.000
And I'm aware that these critiques are often or particularly leveled at a lot of studies in Europe.

414
01:13:53.000 --> 01:14:11.000
So I was wondering if any of the presenters had any comments or reflections on this. Thank you.

415
01:14:11.000 --> 01:14:37.000
One I forgot. If we get we can make another question and the answer to okay there is another question

416
01:14:37.000 --> 01:14:46.000
Thank you very much for very nice session and our presentation. I'm Tekko Keda.

417
01:14:46.000 --> 01:14:59.000
And this is my comment and question and also the confession that my own dilemma. This is the station on intersectionality and political identification.

418
01:14:59.000 --> 01:15:10.000
The world to remind me of Identity politics and My question and comment is how do you situate these 2 things?

419
01:15:10.000 --> 01:15:20.000
In intersectionality and political identification. Because this is my own dilemma. I work on disaster management and gender issues.

420
01:15:20.000 --> 01:15:30.000
And I always have to think about other factors like disability, migration status when we think of. Disaster response, not only gender.

421
01:15:30.000 --> 01:15:37.000
But, the more I speak of intersectionality, the speaker from. Norway talked about the street level bureaucracy.

422
01:15:37.000 --> 01:15:50.000
We also have the same issues that community level, the local level disaster managers. They don't understand the intersectionality.

423
01:15:50.000 --> 01:16:01.000
And if I speak of gender and disability, separatory, it's very easy that they understand. Yes, so this is my own dilemma.

424
01:16:01.000 --> 01:16:10.000
And my question and the comment question is how does each speaker situate it on their own research or the project.

425
01:16:10.000 --> 01:16:25.000
The both things that intersectionality and political identification. And how, Mike, another question is how is your implication on application to policies?

426
01:16:25.000 --> 01:16:33.000
How do you situations these 2 things? The more you look into intersectionality, it's actually interest.

427
01:16:33.000 --> 01:16:39.000
It's actually dangerous. You have many other factors too. Like, nobody's talked about sexuality today.

428
01:16:39.000 --> 01:16:47.000
Nobody talked about, age today. And I'm sorry I missed the first part of the first speaker.

429
01:16:47.000 --> 01:16:56.000
Maybe she had mentioned it. So, this kind of endless consideration between intersectionality factors.

430
01:16:56.000 --> 01:17:05.000
And on the Isaac's hand, the easy application of the single issues in the actual political implementation.

431
01:17:05.000 --> 01:17:12.000
This is Big Di Dana for me. So this is my comment and question to the speakers. And maybe the decision organized.

432
01:17:12.000 --> 01:17:19.000
Thank you very much.

433
01:17:19.000 --> 01:17:25.000
Right.

434
01:17:25.000 --> 01:17:35.000
Yeah. That's really okay. Do you want to step?

435
01:17:35.000 --> 01:17:38.000
Dr. Ridio, would you like to start?

436
01:17:38.000 --> 01:17:41.000
Yes, if I look at, if I, look at the give you selection of different dimensions of inequality.

437
01:17:41.000 --> 01:17:50.000
So you're right. It's a selection of different dimensions of inequality. So you're right.

438
01:17:50.000 --> 01:18:00.000
It's very difficult because a lot of dimensions involved and but I think I always decide what is the what is most important now to have an understanding of the development in the in the area.

439
01:18:00.000 --> 01:18:13.000
But I agree I could also take age for example because I can show can also show that age is very significant for the migrants because age is if you look at statistics.

440
01:18:13.000 --> 01:18:16.000
We have statistics. Changing the situation. Yeah, so they live in care workers for example in Germany very often not not young.

441
01:18:16.000 --> 01:18:40.000
They're very often. 50 years and older but only a small part is younger and if all if you go to house or owned it services you find also that lot of all the so you can say that you have to order to look at age.

442
01:18:40.000 --> 01:18:50.000
Because if you are younger can be assumed that you can have big bigger chances outside this household in other areas of the labor market.

443
01:18:50.000 --> 01:18:56.000
But it's difficult, I think, but I think as start we see 3 variables because they're already very helpful for me.

444
01:18:56.000 --> 01:19:04.000
But it's a it's a difficult decision. For me it's important that I shows it.

445
01:19:04.000 --> 01:19:28.000
Yes, in the intersection of it simply. And say it's a there was a complexity as even if we take so care care employment it's very important that you put Cambodia what you're seeing which which levels of Slevels of skills do you need that if you create an household sector where you said all care work is low level

446
01:19:28.000 --> 01:19:40.000
activity which don't need any skills and so on and it's then you have already a big big problem with this with all other types of of discrimination.

447
01:19:40.000 --> 01:19:45.000
So for me it's important to look at It's in the plate and then to have more.

448
01:19:45.000 --> 01:19:54.000
So. Not so. So we have more general policies to think how do we have to construct the sector, how to have construct.

449
01:19:54.000 --> 01:20:08.000
By this or design auto-migration policy, what what is important? Said that you don't get sensitive difficulties.

450
01:20:08.000 --> 01:20:14.000
I know I don't know if it's 40,000 answer for you. I hope so.

451
01:20:14.000 --> 01:20:21.000
Okay.

452
01:20:21.000 --> 01:20:34.000
It is our first first question is this is about a scope over intersectionality. So in my opinion, we need a scope of intersectionality.

453
01:20:34.000 --> 01:20:35.000
So in my opinion, we need a consider what kind of program we have as an intersectionality issue.

454
01:20:35.000 --> 01:20:43.000
For example, so when I think about what kind of program we have as an intersectionality issue. For example, so when I think about a what kind of program we have as an intersectionality issue.

455
01:20:43.000 --> 01:20:44.000
For example, so when I think about the intersectionality issue. For example, so when I think about the ethnic issue.

456
01:20:44.000 --> 01:20:55.000
For example, so when I think about the ethnic issue. So it's a I sometimes wondering about the disadvantage of a person whose mother is a rag and the plaster is a, it's a, it's a, it's a, is a apartheid, a sneak is a we

457
01:20:55.000 --> 01:21:17.000
have our organization so it might be a good idea to start by seeking about a program that right away various attitude on barriers is a case in this way so it's we started thinking about what using a visa intersection framework.

458
01:21:17.000 --> 01:21:33.000
And also it's a second question. So in my Opinion is up my interesting about a doctor or a historical or something is a this out of one day.

459
01:21:33.000 --> 01:21:48.000
So, today I'm talking about using an intersectional framework, but it's a understood study about using it's a social excursion to see the advantage of socioeconomic pollution and the deprivation is a framework as a concept.

460
01:21:48.000 --> 01:22:06.000
So is this this is a complex is a lot of program is each other so it's a we so in my interesting about, what, according is a more dismantled about it, it is a connected.

461
01:22:06.000 --> 01:22:15.000
So it's not this is a start my thinking. So it's us. So yeah, we are talking about writing is a report.

462
01:22:15.000 --> 01:22:32.000
We have to is for us our well common framework but is that my idea is I'm more expanding is in in the social studies sociologist.

463
01:22:32.000 --> 01:22:52.000
So it's a we We thinking about the more expanding about this idea so it just might opinion.

464
01:22:52.000 --> 01:23:04.000
Yes, if I understood also the questions that is something about, you know, critical race theory about this study position and stuff there and intersectionality more generally.

465
01:23:04.000 --> 01:23:19.000
And, nobody can do, can do everything in this scope for an article. So what we are doing in this article is basically we are sort of trying to elaborate and test racial classification theory by Shran and colleagues.

466
01:23:19.000 --> 01:23:39.000
Which is a theory that you know the combination of different markers ethnicity or racism and behaviour that activates different type or cognitive schema or stereotypes which again influences your behavior.

467
01:23:39.000 --> 01:23:51.000
So we sort of that kind of approach which is not in itself you know normative implications of this are sort of a different story.

468
01:23:51.000 --> 01:24:00.000
But most of that we are normatively sort of very influenced by Bannon Osaka and his book when the state meets the street.

469
01:24:00.000 --> 01:24:15.000
This is about you know public policies they got to be translated into practice and also translate him into practice, ask digital bureaucrats, social workers, those are health workers who actually have direct contact with people.

470
01:24:15.000 --> 01:24:27.000
So what happens in the translation process from things being decided in parliaments. Going to regional government, going to municipalities, but actually to the people that do the work, which is social worker health workers.

471
01:24:27.000 --> 01:24:41.000
What happens there? So we are interested in, you know, when the state meets the street. And we think that these intersectionality approach is of help.

472
01:24:41.000 --> 01:24:47.000
For state labor. For being reflective about what they are doing and being aware that they are actually doing policies.

473
01:24:47.000 --> 01:24:58.000
They are when they are, they are not only implementing policies, they are doing policies based on. They are doing policies based on their mental schema and other stuff.

474
01:24:58.000 --> 01:25:14.000
So, so, yeah, so we think there are important sort of policy implications normative when it comes to how those Ages of the state.

475
01:25:14.000 --> 01:25:29.000
Actually deal with with the public. Sometimes this this study of you know what actually goes on when representing the state meets a public sometimes called the black hole of.

476
01:25:29.000 --> 01:25:48.000
Know, but actually because that's really when when policies become practice. So, so the are, okay, so we are interested in that and we think that the basic justification theory, cognitive theory is more generally Carneman-on-tevsky if you're familiar with these people.

477
01:25:48.000 --> 01:25:57.000
And I really think that Banard Osaka and his beautiful study of He did, he did,

478
01:25:57.000 --> 01:26:09.000
Participant observation in in social welfare office in the U. Within noticed what kind or categories.

479
01:26:09.000 --> 01:26:20.000
That street level has put different clients in and based on these informal categories. They And they acted, disciplining or helpful.

480
01:26:20.000 --> 01:26:38.000
Based on this kind of schemas that are activated inside their heads. And this is, possible political implication of this tactics this type of studies these theories

481
01:26:38.000 --> 01:26:52.000
One question. Have one last if you if you watch to. So have one man. And my, my, now after your, source as a member.

482
01:26:52.000 --> 01:27:22.000
I remember something about data, for example. What's the role of education? Education of the beneficiaries and education of the bureaucrats who are receiving this this clients these beneficiaries because I remember that we found in Brazil an analysis about the policy for black people, the health policies oriented to include black people in

483
01:27:24.000 --> 01:27:37.000
the services, we found that the lower people with the lower the workers in health services. With the lowest level of education where people who treated bad wars with the worst treatment with black people.

484
01:27:37.000 --> 01:28:00.000
There is an idea also that racism and and discrimination is a kind of education. According to the steward, it could be solved with education.

485
01:28:00.000 --> 01:28:09.000
A train educating people against racism. I think that it's not enough, but it's I am sure that education has a role.

486
01:28:09.000 --> 01:28:15.000
Because of these results. I don't know if you controlled for example in Japan the level of education.

487
01:28:15.000 --> 01:28:28.000
And if what do you think in Germany and and Norway about the level of education of these people you analyzed in your studies, do you think that it works?

488
01:28:28.000 --> 01:28:30.000
Hmm.

489
01:28:30.000 --> 01:28:46.000
It has a role in what would be this role.

490
01:28:46.000 --> 01:28:57.000
Yeah, you are not forced to answer who I want to. But I can start if that's OK.

491
01:28:57.000 --> 01:29:08.000
In street level bureaucats in my country when it comes to social work, people who deal with unemployment benefits, they are pretty highly educated.

492
01:29:08.000 --> 01:29:25.000
Most of them have bachelor's degree got a lot of them my master's degree this is very different from the United States which I am familiar with which often they don't have a professional education at all but in my country they have a personal education and I actually teach these people.

493
01:29:25.000 --> 01:29:33.000
So I'm using these studies and other studies. As part of the teaching is to make people aware of their own stereotypes, right?

494
01:29:33.000 --> 01:29:50.000
To be self reflecting about them, not to escape them because that's impossible but you know to be self reflective about them so I think part of this is you know it's not an education, not education, it's what type of education you give to people who on behalf of the states have power right over people with social

495
01:29:50.000 --> 01:30:02.000
workers among other people have And so I think it's, I think it's important if I want to be normative here that when we educate people to have a role on behalf of the state.

496
01:30:02.000 --> 01:30:24.000
To distribute benefits and services and stuff that they are through the, they should be educated and they should, education should be about you know self-reflectivity that's my opinion To some extent, perhaps that it was a little bit ironic.

497
01:30:24.000 --> 01:30:53.000
That that's street level repairs in my country are more you know accepting or breaking activation requirements on behalf of the of the Abdi Muhammad, It might actually be an effect of this teaching we are giving them social workers where we make social workers very aware of of structural discrimination in the workplace and you know that To some extent we

498
01:30:53.000 --> 01:31:09.000
are telling our social, our students that ethnic minorities are a disadvantage group everybody discriminates them implication you shouldn't You know, to some extent perhaps that that it leads to the effect that they are.

499
01:31:09.000 --> 01:31:17.000
Niceer to ethnic minorities, although almost all social workers in Norway are belong to the minority ethnic groups, their Caucasians.

500
01:31:17.000 --> 01:31:38.000
So it's a little bit of sort of, some kind of interesting irony there. Not in a negative way, but not in a negative way, but you know it's Maybe it shows that our education actually has worked.

501
01:31:38.000 --> 01:31:50.000
Okay. In my opinion also in Japan we need education to correct data research on a woman with disability day in Increases in Japan.

502
01:31:50.000 --> 01:31:59.000
However, it is a creative research like an interview and a fieldwork with very little scientific career research are using our data.

503
01:31:59.000 --> 01:32:07.000
So Stop. Okay, there are people with disability in Japan where the evident is a reported published by the OECD in 2,017.

504
01:32:07.000 --> 01:32:21.000
So we see a gave indicator over a disability people in that report. How about a number of people with disability in Japan was left to brown.

505
01:32:21.000 --> 01:32:49.000
So is this May so is a lot of people's thinking if this program is needed but it are just using its more fewer or literal method so it's we thinking about using our data on the we thinking about the more mixed method is a something so it's a Is this a May so is this is a connected about the correct data so

506
01:32:49.000 --> 01:33:02.000
it's a connected about the collecting data so it's a connecting data so it's a are using is a definite government with data but it's just this data is a definite government with data but it's just this data but it's just this data it's having in Japan so this data is having in Japan so it's a this

507
01:33:02.000 --> 01:33:15.000
is it's having in Japan so this is just it's a just it's a cross-sectional data we need is a white thinking and knowing about this program we using a planet or something so it's a Isaac so in Japan we need our education to correct that data.

508
01:33:15.000 --> 01:33:16.000
So.

509
01:33:16.000 --> 01:33:31.000
Okay, if I come to the care sector. So I, could say if it go to the private households, so very of this is the main middle class households.

510
01:33:31.000 --> 01:33:53.000
Those are not. So best educated and they very often justify their behavior. Also, there doing or the exploitative situation with some ideas on Okay, kind of a region for example if they would work at home they would have even lower wages and so on and so on.

511
01:33:53.000 --> 01:34:06.000
Yeah. It's not a good, not a good finding, but what if it go to, for example, to the professional care services, then we have learned this says education if we put it or even say some more information could be very helpful.

512
01:34:06.000 --> 01:34:28.000
As if people come from other countries to our countries. And have their training already at home. I think we, the, recruit skilled care so we can have a lot of difficulties for both groups because they are used to very different.

513
01:34:28.000 --> 01:34:33.000
So we can have a lot of difficulties for both groups because they are used to very different long-term care for both groups because they are used to very different long-term care, they are used to very different long-term care, a health care system, a health care system, very different roles in their countries.

514
01:34:33.000 --> 01:34:56.000
We have, we have different, we have different roles and they do have a lot of. A lot of difficulties and and here we see if you on the on the levels of companies or the providers if say more have more time or create more time that they can discuss with each other is cut could be held but otherwise it will be very quickly.

515
01:34:56.000 --> 01:35:16.000
Yeah. You say assigned to your migration status or to your ethnicity as a people from these countries are so but if they would have times they would learn that they just had NASA training, learn to come to another, health care system, long term care system and so on.

516
01:35:16.000 --> 01:35:32.000
So here we think it could be very helpful to to use a level also of discriminations if you have more time to discuss and do If it should be not in such a time.

517
01:35:32.000 --> 01:35:45.000
So, I you satisfied? Take great discussion with that. So we have more questions. The romance again commented.

518
01:35:45.000 --> 01:35:54.000
Yeah. Less to say sensational.

519
01:35:54.000 --> 01:36:04.000
Bishop for this year. So It's not stable. Thank you very much.