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Planning this session. We wanted to discuss extremely important issues of social protection, of all types of employees, of types of workers in contemporary situation.

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In the world of work which is

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and becoming more flexible, more individual, more diverse.

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multi-dimensional and precarious. Now, all we know about the Global Gent

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global decline

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of trade union in trade union membership which limits the possibilities of social dialect. And maybe here today, somebody knows

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 new approaches, new receipts and new mechanisms.

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how to deal with it. And

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maybe we will record.

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think about some common solutions or specific solutions to improve workers, life to improve working conditions.

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And

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maybe we could could go closer to it. And of course, alongside with this we are also

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curious about whether traditional mechanisms

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of social protection continue to work and contribute to the social security, and should they be actualized

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and she all changed.

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So let us start with this interesting discretion.

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and I will invite the first presenter to the floor. It's going to be Ilana Nusbaum Bittan and her co-author, Ian Dingle Day

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from

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from Women, from University of Bremen. Thank you.

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I see.

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Sorry and because I think can I talk. Can I talk about some organizational frameworks? If you are going to have a 6 to 6? 6

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is

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the boots, and that is why I offer you to speak 12 min.

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12 min. Okay, I don't think I will read it.

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yeah, like, please try to be. In 5 min. We are very.

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we will. so

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we need to have discussions after

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15 min. Okay, okay.

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thank you.

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So

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so my name is. And as you may see, the title of this presentation is a little bit different. That the one you have in your abstract is because we this, this is working progress. I'd say, chapter that I'm writing with my colleague at anything that I and the topic is the same. The name is a little bit different.

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So I'm going to talk about trade Union solidarity towards non-members. The case of postal workers

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postal workers are a kind of specific kind of workers in the European Union which are employees who are sent by the employers to carry out different services in different countries of the European Union on a temporary basis. That means that they have a contract in the country of origins, usually central European countries, and they move to other countries. They usually north or with you to perform these jobs.

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They stay in the host country for a short period of time and the very precarious level conditions

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the the problem they confront are usually not taking into account by national or sexual and trade unions. Because these students as well know they work on a national basis, so they don't. They only protect their members, and they do not protect people that don't have a specific work contract in the country with our word.

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So we asked.

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what are the conditions stated for trade units to expand their solidarity and to expand their social protections to. In this case, both of workers. And I'm going to present you today 3 examples, the Igiba, which is a trade here in Germany, in care of the construction sector, the same mobile Ted project of for mobility which is a project that started from the Federation of Trade units in Germany, and now expanded to many other countries in Europe, and the Etf. Which is the European Transport Federation. That also has a initiative to protect this works.

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So the poster of workers is fooled by the field to provide services in the European Union, and it's not ruled by the free movement of people. So these workers are moving as a service for us, but not as people as normal people, I would say.

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and this means that there are relationship. The relationship they have with their employers in their home country in a home country legally extends across 2 nation States. So the because they have the contract from the home country, the lower years. They have to pay their social contributions in a country where they are, the contract is, but they are working in other countries. So the rules of the other country in the host country, instead of minimum wages, vacations, and so on also apply 150.

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So they are like splitting into 2 different system of rules. This is an opportunity for employers to reduce labor costs, especially in labor-intensive sectors, such as construction or transport, and it has created a business model based on competitive as untouches. There are many

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and letterbox companies set up in the cheap countries, so they can send cheap workers to more expensive countries

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in the in the way that they pay less social security services.

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And the problem is that there are very limit control and enforced of the rule, because that is extending to 2 countries like, you know any, you can also the rule and control things that happen in your country. But when the companies are in a different country, so you're we don't have the legal way to, to, to confront these situations.

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and and posting workers tend to avoid coming to conflict with their employers, because if they do that, they will lose the the job, but also the place where they believe, because employers have to provide for housing.

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and they rarely turn for head to institution that would protect them

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mainly because they are specially and socially disconnected from the rest of the society. They don't speak the language. They usually close to the construction sectors in their closing communities of only posted voters.

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and if they have a conflict usually posted, workers tend to return or ascent to a contradiction and a problem disabilities.

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and on the other side, trade unions work on national basis. So the membership is needed to get help on support. And because these postal workers are not see to be recruited because of the language, because they say just for a couple of months in the country, they don't have access to the unions.

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but the unions have a trade off between sticking to their rules and helping only members. And therefore let's importing conditions in the host country to worse and etc., something, for example, or head non-levelous.

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So we ask. or to transnationalize trading and solidarity in order to provide for social security for both of us.

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So this is our theoretical framework, and we're working on it. So this is just very new, and we're not sure if it's going to work the way we want. But let's see.

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So we stick to 2 different strengths of the only the first one. It's from anger and glare. Will. It talks about precondition for solid it, and the other one is from one of. And we'll talk about what to expand this with the id using the idea of teaching and bonding. So for Angla they are for precondition, for solidarity. The first one is a certain levels of homogeneity within a group specific borders, interaction processes and stabilization mechanisms. These 4 conditions are pretty easy to refund within the national state. One

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erez agmoni, because the State provides for this mechanism, and also for the a certain level of homogeneity, I would say. But the problem starts when you want to transnationalize this kind of solidarity, and the everything becomes much more blurry one.

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So we think that using the idea of reaching, which is elements that connect different groups by developing and maintaining common discourses and networks, creating coalitions in the of ponding which emphasize commonalities and homogeneity kind of a language of morality which, as and symbols, we could also increase the strength within a bigger group, or the so already of 150

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trans. National authority is to be built up in a probe in a process where actors do not only defend solitary goals, but actively have

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to engage in reaching and wanting elements in order to stabilize good formatting like cohesion, and something from that we have developed a small typology, and we know that these 3 forms of solidarity action, and they emerge, and they are not only to so disappear is it we separated, but in the theory, we would like to keep them as different things.

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So the first one is solidarity as a collective action to increase power, position.

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such as cross-border mobilization join this courses and goals networking to improve power resources.

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The second one, which is based on the first one, or is like this step that comes afterward is solidarity, interaction to achieve social improvement, which will be coalition building to find compromise leading to redistribution or social improvement.

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and the third one, which is the harder to get, I would say, is solid action as a form of governance, to create a common good

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which is to create, join pools or institutions to achieve advent charges for members and non-members in the future.

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so very shortly. Your methods. We have done expert interviews at the European level, but also in different countries. This is a project happening in 6 countries where we're comparing 6 countries sending countries in a Hong Kong sending countries and receiving countries, and we also have done document analysis, and I will present to you now, in the 6 months that I still have the few examples we have a phones. It's not, it's it's the functional.

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So the first one is the Igi about life membership. The Kika was the great deal in the sector of construction not only, but also construction in Germany, and they have created a new membership called Language.

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It's a national initiative, which is the idea that it's only only an unknown membership for migrant workers and also possible workers with a reduced price. And the good thing is that you get immediate and protection of employment, advice and information, your residation for strike, support, and so on. The thing is that in Germany to when you belong to, or you become to remember to a trade union. You have like 3 months where you cannot get any help.

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so you have to wait it 3 months, and then you can get ahead, and the idea is you don't talk to you don't join a union when you have problems to do on a tumor because you believe in the idea of solidarity, and if you have promised, then we help you. But this is like an exception.

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So our interview harnesses.

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We have repeated cases of columns of posted workers who do not receive their wage from their employers for months, and then in the end the employees, suddenly no longer available, has disappeared, and these colleagues are, so to speak, out on the street without any means. So he see the problems. He sees, the problems that both the work is half for themselves, but he also see the promise that German workers have.

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and he says when they see that, so to speak, they call it next stories working for half the price. The question immediately arises, yes, how long can I actually continue to work with my wage, if, so to speak, completely different languages apply depending on origin.

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So there's like this straight off.

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And so they have developed this flyer. But many other things to give to the migrant and post it. Work is to to tell them the rights and to to join the Union. So we find preaching elements towards this course of together we are from regardless where workers come from. It's okay to be mobile work. It's okay to be migrant, but you have to know your rights, and together we can only be strong if we are together, and also bonding elements based on a shared experience of have used in sector identity. The construction sector is well known for 150,

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all things that happen there where she's stolen, where we different from them, not getting paid. So

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so we think that this is a solidarity type 2 towards a common good, not only for poster workers, but also for local workers workers in order to not worse and look on working conditions. So there's a common utility.

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Our second example is flammability of of fair mobility, design, cooperation that goes beyond the national level. It started with 13 advisory centers in Germany for mobile workers, mostly from Centralists in Europe.

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and in 2,011 as a initiative of the Federal Trade Union of Germany.

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and since 2,020. It has received financial support from the the Ministry of Work and Social Affairs.

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2,017. They started our project at the European level called Fair Europe. European Labor Mobility, which is paid also paid by the European social funds.

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which is a trade union-related Counseling center for political workers in the country in 4 countries of origin, and also 2 of the destination based on a trade union Linkedin network of advisors. From this the city is in European Member countries.

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So our interview partner says, we have cases that cross national borders. We must also have contact with the trade units in the country for foraging. There is institutional cooperation, so to speak. So we see that the problem is not national, and they have to have a kind of a formal contact with other unions across the European.

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The Union.

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So he says, the capital side already covers much more across national borders, and I think the other side has to say so. We also have to do that in order to avoid this undercutting, so to speak, so that the workers are not played off against each other. That's important. So we see the criminal social dumping and this social dpping going beyond the national level.

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So they they have a in their website. They have a huge amount of flyers, information in many, many different language. This one is important, Bulgarian, but they have in any language in the Union.

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and they create these preaching elements between different sectors, actors, and countries under this course of very mobility. Again, it's okay to be mobile to be a migrant worker, but you have to know your rights.

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and the bonding elements are a shared experience of abuse sector identities in the products of languages like they really have lots of people that are mother, the monotons. The language is that disposable to speak, and this is for us a solidarity type 2 towards a common good, but tending to 3. Maybe we're thinking about that like kind of an institutionalization of solidarity with the help of new actors, the ministry, but also the you creating a coalition of trade unions on the State and European authorities.

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and the last one is the European Conference Federation. And this is a transnational initiative, and it's the idea of a European membership.

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So if you're a member in your union in your country, this membership is followed in any other country.

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But this also this also can be possible, we think, because of the sector. I mean, the transport sector is very mobile. I mean, it's clear in their drivers that they pass through much, many more than one or 2 or 3 countries a day. So if they have problems, they have to find this helping the place with our.

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The the interview partner in Sweden says we have a cooperation for the Etf. And where we have contact persons, you know, in all member countries, and I mean, if you are a member in the Romanian Trade unions, and you are in trouble in Sweden in some way, and we try to help each other.

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The same is the opinion of the interview in Spain, and he is the department in Spain, and he says, if you are affiliated to the. It is a collaboration agreement that we have with verity, with Italians within the Etf.

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If something happens, it's about that we take care of you here, then they take care of you there. They have no idea what's going on here.

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So unions in some in unions are national an entity. So if they don't know how things work in different countries. So in French, master, it makes much more sense that uns from the country where you're working in, they could help you. The system is different. The logic are different.

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So the preaching elements here are between units of standing and receiving countries based on the idea of your transport

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and the bonding elements is the sector is a common ground. It's clear it's the oil sector in identity and shared experience. We still think that this is only it type one. We're discussing it. It's a collective action to increase power position. But we also try to think. And this is the next step. I think we have to take it to think on the way to just national unions, and the Membership W. Trust passes National board. That would be great, and I'm closing on.

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yes, it is possible it's hard, but it is possible so as much my worker solidarity. It's an idea that in these 3 examples at least exist. But it's not just only diet in the sense of let in the sense of let's help everyone on anyone. It's a mix of self interest and transnational work in. And traditional work is so I think, like I helped you because it also helps me somehow.

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And we don't think, but from training it's the the need to open their field of work to mobile workers in general, also to post a work in the case of the European Union, and this importance of breaching and bonding elements to extend groups, borders, and enhance interaction is clear. So I think different initiative will find different elements of reading and bonding, but they will, they will need it.

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Even in transnational sectors, such as the transport, we we do think that the future is, would be the idea of a transmissional union. And but of course it's also the importance of the resource and coalition, like trade unions, public funds, but not only money. It's also about the languages. Diamond people.

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Thank you. Thank you very much.

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You can stay here.

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Thank you very much for controlling the time and giving us hope for that future.

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I'm interested in inviting you.

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boy, and joke, I'm correct.

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Am I correct? Thank you.

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From the scene, Child Center for Structural Politics Republic of Korea

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with her study.

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Okay.

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it has study on the fusion process of youth. Job-seeking subsidies in South Korea. Thank you.

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Oh.

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hello! Everyone nice to Mitchell.

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our presenters. And

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my name is Poyong Tung. you can call me any way you want, and I'm currently studying sociology in South Korea. In this presentation I will discuss my study on the diffusion process of you. Stop seeking subsidy in South Korea with a particular focus on the role of

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you, the social women organisations and their strategies.

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Firstly, I will provide you with some background information on the social context of the word youth in South Korea.

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youth or tonguey in South Korea does not just refer to teenagers. It encompasses the period

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between immature juveniles and real adults, or the transition period between school and the labor market. So in Korea there is a basic law that is designates use as the age range from 19 to 34 in South Korea. Since the mid 2,000 high rates of employment have made Tonyyon use a social problem. As a result, youth movement organizations began to emerge around 2,010, focusing on this

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issue. Since 2,016, a number of youth policies have been introduced through them. My project mostly focused on the process. How youth movements use these cursive strategies to shape a lot of policies.

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Youth movements are growing rapidly as shown as

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in this network pictures from one of my other projects the first movement organization was used. Community unions, which is the first generational labor union in Korea. Nowadays a lot of youth movement, organizations deal with various agendas, such as housing or feminism, or climate changes, and more.

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Starting in 2,012, a group of movement organizations created the Youth Policy network which is citizen lead cooperative governance channel, creating new policies used

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for youth generation in partnership with the sole metropolitan government.

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This was made possible by the Mayor of Seoul, who had came from the civil society, and he was interested in participatory democracy for youth movement. The mayor was the only political partner that could produce policy results, because the President of the Central Government at the time was from Conservative party and refused to engage in some conversation with civil society.

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So here are my research questions, how did the use of seeking subsidy also known as youth allowance widely spread.

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Second, what are the differences between the subsidies in different reasons? The last question is, what contribute to the differences in its reason?

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So, before getting to the results hopefully, a lot of researches on the introduction of solicitorial policy and the role of social movement is being actively conducted. Many studies have accumulated on the process by which socio-political context stimulate mobilization, the strategies of social movement organizations and how they obtain the political results.

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Among these research streams. This study is based on the political political mediation model of Edwin Amanta and her colleagues. This approach argues that the political influence of social movement is mediated by a specific political context.

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Next. I collected various types of data, including data on the strategy used to construct and utilize the governance channels within social movement.

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Second information on the process of proposing and introducing the subsidies through the governance governance channel. Third, the public context during that time. Finally, how policy baking governance truly works.

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Today, I want to share my intermediate findings with you. While I plan to try photosynthesis in the future. Today I will more focus on the details, each case based on my field work and data gathering.

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Here are my findings. The first question was about the spread of you to chopstick and subsidy to begin. Let's explore the history of the first subsidies, which is whole, use allowance.

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I previously mentioned austerity that utilize policy, governance of youth, movement continuing from that in 2,012, the Mayor of Seoul metropolitan city government recognized the Youth Generation Group as a very important and potential supportive for a group. So in 2,013, as shown in the first picture left on the left, 100

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also, and youth community unions signed the first policy agreement. Since then this community union has continued to pursue use policies in. So in 2,016, at the suggestion of youth, union, so use allowance plan was introduced. This plan was quite unconventional at the time, as it provided unconditional unconditional cash payment for 6 months disc to 19 to 1229 year old.

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The central Government even revoked this policy for officio. Therefore, this whole city was able to implement this policy after going through an administrative lawsuit. During this process the word youth became an even more important political issue throughout the entire country.

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Most used policies, including used to allowances, follow a passive introduction in whole and expansion to its local government, and finally absorption by the center of movement. Although the subsist of city initially costs

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a lot of controversy and was opposite

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by many politicians.

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But now no politician or public official can say that this subsidy subsidy is not unnecessary. After your used allowance is is introduced. Other local governments, competitively, competitively, in, imitate and introduce the policy

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rather than deliberating why this subsidies needed in their reason, or how they should design this policy for their young people in their reasons. As a result, most of cities are similar to the sole case, especially in terms of the payment and of payment amount and its duration.

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However, not everything is, was the same. There are a lot of variation.

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of course. I will not explain all the content of in this table. But if you have, if interest, you can contact me later, and you you but you can find a common point where the total is 500,000

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Korean one, which is 5, about more than 500, less than 500

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Us. Dollar per month for 6 months. It is

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yeah.

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But I prepare this graph. The differences in each reason can be summarized in this graph. Here. The first criterion criterion is whether the policy participants are determined, based on universal or targeted criteria. The second criterion is the limit. on the use of the allowance. You can see, this whole case has the most universal standards and higher freedom of uses. They can pay for their meal.

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for example. As you can see, facilities with targeted Ls and standard also have relatively lower freedom for the participants using this subsidy, they only can pay for the institutions helping their job seeking.

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then, the last question is, what contributed to these differences in each reason, as we saw in the theoretical party before. There are 3 main elements I thought

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I found regarding the public opportunity structure. In Korea. The heads, the mayor of local governments plays a crucial role in leading and determining those policies. The cities where Mayor belongs to the Conservative party tend to have lower uses, freedom and more relative method

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with them being the only exception in contrast cities with Democratic. Bayer had with mayors from Democratic party to use more universal selection standards and allow more freedom among participants in terms of allowances.

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The next. Actually, I personally think that it is difficult to operationalize how social movement organizations are vitalized. However, I will give you some information about them. So an intern as the capital city and near Capita area.

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Are the place where both youths boom! And organizations and other organizations's headquarters are highly concentrated.

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Hong Ju is a city that lets the democratization of Korea making civil society quite strong, so the conjugate union which receives support and resources from the local civil society is very actively involved.

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For example, members of conjure, youth, union, participation, participate in governance and municipal monitoring. Additionally a former executive of youth. Union worked as the head of under Youth Center, an intermediate public organization and is in charge of the system for delivering policies.

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Youth movement in Tusan is quite active because it is the second biggest city in Korea. But unfortunately, the activists are more interested in the governance itself or the participatory democracy rather than the individuals, and are like

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of

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this subsidy or a policy that they want to design. Design is a city where the use of movement is relatively weak both upon the youth movement or other social movement.

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I hope I've given you the context enough. But if you want to more know more about this woman in Korea, I, as I as I said, you can always contact me, anyway. Now let's discuss the policy governance where citizen participate and create their own. policies for their city.

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Okay?

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this policy governance exists in every local government, but only in so does it run smoothly, like they, your members, or about

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1,000.

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And the other reason is likely, or 3 members Other cities have the only title or just the form of this policy governance, in conclusion, so the strategy to create a governance channel that allows social movement organizations to create and introduce new policies in the reason was successful only in limited reason.

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Instead, the isomorphism or imitation of institutions among reasons had greater impact.

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Rather than repeating my conclusion, I just show you this is my summarizing of the findings of this research

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I have discussed in so far. Instead, I will. I want to share my controversial questions to ask for the future of youth movement. First, the strategy of creating governance channel is not always effective. Then should we focus on making the governance channel solid in each reason? Or should we just concentrate more on the major cities like so to spread the policy results.

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Instead.

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the second question concerns about the changes in political opportunity structure in South Korea, currently most, the local government's head and the prisons of central Government belong to the

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Conservative party, then what new strategy should social movement pursue in this political structure that is no longer supportive to them? It is my biggest question nowadays. So I will look forward to having insightful discussion later on. And thank you very much.

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13 min.

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Yes, a very nice okay, thank you. Bye young, and now we are happy. We will be happy to hear Klaus Schmidt

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with the threats for works, councils and trade unions in the logistics sector. Thank you. Close. Yeah.

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We on the floor.

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Klaus Schmierl: Thank you very much, Guzel, and and day for choosing me to to present here. I want to to give you some insight in some results. I have investigated in the last 3 years funded by the Hans Perkler Foundation. it was called digital logistics, work structures and code determination.

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Klaus Schmierl:  and how can I

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Klaus Schmierl: go to the next slide? Is it

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Klaus Schmierl: I? I will take. I will do it for you. Oh, okay, okay, okay.

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Klaus Schmierl: Kuzel told already the the struck, the the title. Now we come to the structure. When may you skip? Then the next, please click. Now.

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Klaus Schmierl: I want to to give you some insight in the digital technology which is used in the sector. In the next part, I come to the work structures. Then I want to tell you something about the significance for Hr politics.

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Klaus Schmierl: give you some insights in the politics of performance and the organizational culture. And what for the session is may be most important advocacy and code determination.

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Klaus Schmierl: and if you have enough time, I will give you some ideas for what has to be done

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Klaus Schmierl: the next, please.

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Klaus Schmierl: what has been the first, the most essential research research question for the project we have had done and focused on on the truck drivers on the driver side and the delivery service drivers.

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Klaus Schmierl: our question was, which the concrete digital technology lines are applied in the driver's cap.

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Klaus Schmierl: and what are the effects? It's a kind of sociologically works. So it's a logical question. The digit tell the effects of the digital technologies upon working conditions, work structures, control skills, recruitment and qualification and code elimination.

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Klaus Schmierl: And the methods have been in period to field world in the time between 2,019 and 2,021. It was in the pandemic time, and we have done 21 expert interviews because technology manufacturers, trade unions, business associations, works, councils.

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Klaus Schmierl: We have done 3 Company Kai studies, each, including in including 10 to 12 interviews with a truck and the delivery drivers.

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Klaus Schmierl: and we have done also on analysis.

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Klaus Schmierl: on quantitative databases on the German working per population of the pip. Maybe you know it.

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Klaus Schmierl: the next, please.

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Klaus Schmierl:  what have we found? regarding the technology? the The the sector is a kind of pioneer of using the entire digital technology regarding optimization of leads routes and tours.

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Klaus Schmierl: we have faced an centralized algorithm based route optimization root changes which come into account on short notice additional deliveries.

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Klaus Schmierl: We have a kind of cargo management where the central units are seeing the the, the the of the of the drivers tracking and tracing. by using sensor technology. Bar codes is a

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Klaus Schmierl: old traditional technology. But now sensors and chips and the high value products but furthermore, and and which has more effect on the on the driver's or driver, control and re, he click, tracking like a mobile terminals. You you, every one of you know, is it? They have handsets, kanas, tablet smartphones

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Klaus Schmierl: by GPS tracking. They are permanently controllable.

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Klaus Schmierl: the the drivers. And and it's also a digital in the algorithm build up is a handling of returns back to the depot. And in the new modes. We have cameras in the drivers. Caps.

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Klaus Schmierl:  yeah. for the customer. we have seen also, but used by digital technology customer notification per mail and the short time slot for delivery.

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Klaus Schmierl: What are the working structures.

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Klaus Schmierl: the specifics of sectors? I think we have it in in every country. I think you you know the the companies who are working here? It's ups. It's the Hl. It's Heramus in Germany. It's Gls Sdpd give a massive rise of term turnover, especially in the pandemic times, but we have low margins within a single company. It seems like a contradictory contradictory, but it is not.

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Klaus Schmierl: We have a strong competition between these big 5 and we have now a new competitor. It's a much on Amazon logistics.

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Klaus Schmierl: What is the market situation on the labour market, give a severe shortage of skilled workers.

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Klaus Schmierl: a high staff turnover, and at least in in Germany, and I think in in Europe, in Middle Europe. many, many migrants drive us from different countries.

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Klaus Schmierl: The work structures and the organizational culture is characterized by separation of planning and execution. High division of labor, a concentration of planning and decision in the dispatch department and the algorithm based process control in the engineering office. And I can summarize this in goose in the next, please in the term of sorry but 1 one back. I okay. The Renaissance renaissance of terrorism.

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Klaus Schmierl: in a digital shape. The the therefore we we thought the Taylorism would be, would have come to an end. But it's not so. We have for now really a a renaissance of terrorism. in. In these sectors, at least in these sectors.

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Klaus Schmierl: I can highlight this

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Klaus Schmierl: The technologically use in in the, in the, in the term of strategic age. Our use of digitalization for coping with shortage of skilled workforce.

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Klaus Schmierl: the digitalization has to serve one primary purpose. only one. to support. And this standardization of work processes to simplify work activities

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Klaus Schmierl: with the aim to enable employment of low, skilled workers.

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Klaus Schmierl: The orders are outsourced to cheap foreign trucking companies, mostly of the Eastern Europe countries. They have, built up complex value chains between companies linked by service contracts, structures which are emerging and which prevent the enforcement of labor for law upon subcontractors.

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Klaus Schmierl: and the companies massively resort to workers from Eastern European countries and off the migrant workforce. You know Germany was one of the countries in Europe which took up the the most of the migrants from Syria. And and now Ukraine and

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Klaus Schmierl: Therefore they are. They have an entry in the rock rock labour market. That's that's a good point.

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Klaus Schmierl: The qualities of the rationality in the in the capitalist companies. It's a kind of

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Klaus Schmierl: investment of the it investigations and volumes in in the optimizing of the last mile. That's the as you might be. It's let's say that the the last few kilometers between the last deep Po

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Klaus Schmierl: and the customer and the and then

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Klaus Schmierl: citizens

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Klaus Schmierl: And to avoid mis deliveries before the pandemic and the I think it's now nearly the same one. We have had currently a quarter of all deliveries are mis deliveries, because the the customer was not at home, or the from different reasons. I had to take the puzzles back to the

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Klaus Schmierl: depot. we have a high level of performance control.

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Klaus Schmierl: And and we face a permanent online transparency that is new, that is technology technology driven of the drivers and of the cars the dispatch

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Klaus Schmierl: This patches know exactly where the true car and the drivers are at the moment online. And in in real time.

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Klaus Schmierl: that, and partially, the drivers have to compensate traffic. Cham delays with extra work in the evening, and sometimes they have piece rates for package delivered, which is also relevant for the

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Klaus Schmierl: Therefore, we have a real time transparency and control from from a remote control in central location and regarding the qualification and and the labor market, we see extremely short training times and a continuous decrease in the level of occasional education and training.

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Klaus Schmierl: The next, please.

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Klaus Schmierl: regarding the topic of our session. Now. we have blank areas in social protection and code determination.

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Klaus Schmierl: The sector is characterized by a very low Trade Union membership.

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Klaus Schmierl: We have only one exception that it's a dhl, because it was in former times the Deutsche Post, and in the Port Touch post we have had a service and employer employees in the public sector which have been have had a organization degree of 75%

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Klaus Schmierl: and that is traditional and and worked on. But in all the on the other big 5 or picked 4

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Klaus Schmierl: we have extremely low trade union membership

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Klaus Schmierl: because of the work contract system. We have no representations for subcontractors. And what workers and service contract structures with self employment. The German law does not allow trade unions and and works Council to represent the self employed people.

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Klaus Schmierl: we have no leg and collective tariff bargaining, very few tariffs committed bargaining it. As I said, they, dhl is one of the the single ones.

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Klaus Schmierl: we see face we have had yesterday. The the some of the questions on minimum wages

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Klaus Schmierl: the minimum wage is exist by State law and by tariff bargaining, but they are bypassed, and nobody controls the working times

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Klaus Schmierl: of the daily the daily work times of the drivers.

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Klaus Schmierl: and therefore we have ticket to the difficulties for trade unions to address to to face workers and drivers due to the mobile nature of the work. They are on this roads on the streets.

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Klaus Schmierl: and they are not accessible.

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Klaus Schmierl: And, as I said before, the server contract trains prevent a real labor law. In first enforcement, we have in Germany a very good labour law

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Klaus Schmierl: but because of the working contract structure we have no option for a collective Barnet gaining. If I have a few minutes time. I would.

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Klaus Schmierl: oh, okay, the last 3 min.

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Klaus Schmierl: Okay, then I can announce my last

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Klaus Schmierl: slide. But first I want to say the language barrier. You know I have told you that many, many migrant and foreign workers from Eastern Europe, countries from also from the former Soviet Union countries are working in this sector. because we have low market labor market entry barriers. but there, of course, we have about.

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Klaus Schmierl: I have a ask a few trade union members, and they say they have about 8 8 languages in the in the workforce of these country companies.

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Klaus Schmierl: What has to be done? That's a question of the one of the session titles. We have the session title says, traditional and new ways of a trade union work. And what has to be done? I have talked now about the the old ways of the traditional ways but we have to. To enter. A new part is

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Klaus Schmierl: to attract members in in the trade unions, and to make a kind of collective bargaining. The first is the arena of politics

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Klaus Schmierl: we in, especially in the EU level, but also in the national level. there are several investigations and and initiatives to establish subcontract the liability laws.

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Klaus Schmierl: the ban of service contract trains.

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Klaus Schmierl: and the limitation of packet wage. But it's also in the in the beginning it has to go further. We have a a sector, and that's a very, very important sector. It's the the of in a executive arena by the police and by the customs policy, we have to control the driving workers. Ours. It's possible because of the digital technology

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Klaus Schmierl: and especially if you take a look at the at the car and and the this printers they are driving, you see? that you have control of the safety state of the vehicle vehicles.

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Klaus Schmierl: one important sector is the, and your arena is the trade union arena.

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Klaus Schmierl: maybe. And I'm I'm trying to investigate now. In the next years a kind of digital use for mobilization of members the trade units. It's a traditional way. It is the work Council establishment which is going is on the way, but it's very, very difficult

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Klaus Schmierl: and unfortunately, one of the service apps, which was applied. Now the Multilingual Digital Digital Service app is is stopped now because of the not so big use by members of the trade unions, but it. It has to be enhanced.

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Klaus Schmierl: And of course, I I think it's a a new way, maybe, to to find the cooperation with Ngos

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Klaus Schmierl: non-governmental organizations like clean clothes, campaign refugees, support, etc. And the last way it's it's a a a weak way, but but maybe we can do it as social, not just with with our kind of

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Klaus Schmierl: let's say, with with our context to the press we can try to attract citizens and the public. See? In a way, we provide public information about the very different div, again, and different working conditions within the big 5,

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Klaus Schmierl: and about the risks and and consequences of online trade.

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Klaus Schmierl: and therefore many, many thanks to have the opportunity to present

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Klaus Schmierl: and to listen to me and Google, many thanks to

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Klaus Schmierl: click through my slides, and I'm now at the end. Thank you very much.

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Thank you. Kos, thank you. Very, very relevant presentation. And now I'm inviting Shin Taro Matunaga from Nangano University of Japan, with a topic. Why do freelance animators belong to them?

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Hello, everyone my name is Sintaro from thank you for organizing the fastening session. Today. I I'm delighted to have an opportunity to present my ongoing research.

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And today I will discuss the relationship between the fragrance workers and farms in the Japanese animation industry. Yeah. first of all, let me introduce my research agenda. I am interested in the work sign of freedoms workers and how they can achieve sustainable carriers.

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So returning. I have also been interviewed by the rebel process and Surrey, and for a long time and trying to accumulate a sonographic insights on the coping practice of a sket formation for dance workers.

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In particular. Today I will examine the I'm conducted a quoted research in the Japanese and mission industry, which contains many freelances in comparison to the Japanese ribbon market in general. But most animation workers tend to be, belong to a single studio, even though they can have a contract with multiple companies.

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and the reduced at least to depend the it to a particular company. I will expand this work as orientation to belonging to farms in terms of flexible scheduling, which means that free as workers are rights to manage highly fragmented Jos and complex working times.

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So

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yeah, and regarding this session team of social protection workers, I hunt to theoretical orientation regarding no stand under employment rations, including free in

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previous usage, can be classified in tons, or whether we see a standard employment relationship as ideal worker.

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One opinion argues that if they are standard in parameters. It's an ideal workst because it enjoys it secure protection and the same river of protections to be over to. No. So your workers, the other provides and will turn to you in that normally. So your work as have another advantage, such as greater discretion working time on the spaces.

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and we need a different conception of a protection which can preserve amongst your workers benefits.

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I think both perspectives are true, but we need to observe how actual workers try to achieve its secure and free working conditions in the concurrent context.

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when we evaluate the achievement or for us work, side of working time might be a consistent time, as I mentioned. Aria. No, so you are workers, and to have more discretion in this deciding they are working times. But we can see some cases of that have had more control over working times recently, such as 0 h contracts

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in the robber-process analysis. The the ethnographic research always has captured the worker's skills to manage the comprehensive worker's skills.

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This work is informed, but the agency between workers and the funds remains in question.

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And so based on this story I discussed aria. A scheduled gift which Arex with good offered is a noble concept to experiment. Why precarious work is accept organizational control which characterizes contemporary walking conditions as a flexible despotism, which means that the capitalized chapter uses their forxual web organization to enhance its control over walkers.

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The concept of schedule gifts is a strategy of files where managers coordinate working what it's scheduled at the work as convenience, the work that experiences their personal in giftedness to the manager. This interaction provides a foundation that might workers might easily accept management to controll or by funds.

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It also acknowledged that the Scheduler gift constelled rugs. One of the Walker gangs or manufacturing content to belong to the organization.

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The central point of a schedule gift is that precarious workers have a risk of losing their discretion of walking a time. In addition, I found one implication that Walker, who receives the schedule give decreases, how he is mobil deep power, I mean for us, as in particular, can't have multiple contact with deferring the funds, and so they can have the power to resist their employers because they can be bright. They are going to time in their contract with a particular company.

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however scheduled, gives the the work as dependency on a company, and it means that they lose their moriti power in the remaining part. I will, for a briefcase study of the Japanese animation industry and the scrutinize how element does react to schedule gift on concurrent situations.

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E. C.

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Various specialized processes are necessary to make a TV program. One movie. And this figure shows the brief workflow of the whole production process. Processes are typically classified as pre-production production and post-production. Most animators work in the part of the production process

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in terms of employment contracts 70% of animators work as free free NASA. It is very branch present in comparison to the Japanese Arabian market as a whole, which contains several employment work as about only 10,000.

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Actually, this is all that is makes sense. So they are recommend to expand the detail of this. What it work. I mean, it is a provision what goes through the role characters, all the objects, movements, and they so on. Actually, the Joe is a manual ray by, in that they throw various things by hand with pencil, and the paper will styles.

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and most of the work them also they work. As for youngsters, so their contracts tend to be short, and they sometimes face the risks on first, the risk of employment, an existing cyber in the industrial situation in Japan, the piece that there are a few minutes to have size job in the other occupations. So they are full time workers. But so far from low income.

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this just shows the job titles, their rolls and meters on your income and the working hour.

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I'm curious whether you we we recognize annual income. It's a I'm a deser role or not. In Japan. When the Japanese Industrial Association power is the result of for the first time in 2,009, many people were surprised at the pro working conditions, but Ske, strictly speaking, they allocation with this income is not easy, because the

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their income is larger than the average income of finance workers as a whole in Japan. anyway. the animation industry is believed to be icon of economic success in the creative industry in Japan. So most of our people programmatized animation, and it as well in conditions.

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So let me you, my! I I carried out the past month of reservation in 17 2,020, a studio X production company located in Tokyo. He total I spent around 300 on the 20 years So I was in the feed today, I will mainly use the data from my fee modes. And in Abu data.

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So the this previous shows. The relationship between the freedoms animate this Studio X and the other production company in general. Studio X doesn't. My original work on is A and is a subcontract company, and the animators are entitled to contract with another original contracting company, but must report what contract they have and the pay a. Imagine

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each limit as income is normally based on commissions.

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Studio X also has a manager through overseas the animators progress on the incoming work. With us the manager also refers work to the animate animators when needed, as well as receipts, requests from production companies for introduction to animators and the work orders in the Japanese animation industry. It is used unusual for self-contrupting companies to employ workers who specialize in the management of animators.

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So

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with

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but the

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Oh, it's okay So I'll skip this right they do that time. Constraints What I I want to I want to tell you is this is not a many of us. I made this studio. X experience in dictates this to the studio. X.

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Yeah, the next step.

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So I will restorate some cases in which the minds. Your work actually have to animate this. The fast case the Directory rates through. I'm a test working with scheduled Mackey, who is a met or experienced animator had some trouble to proceed hard to animation job, and how work has direct done. And then they expected from

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a production operator who is also a manager, worker or prime contractor, realised markets Da and the called the Studio X. To ask the progress of her

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at the time 2 cuts remain for demanding for machi. Also all of the other production. Other animators in the same program have already finished their key animation work

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mit Ctl, and actually markets D. A. Occurred as a her own responsibility. In this case, time a manager of a studio. X. Took the phone call and said that Machi was not in the studio. This practice current, this practice of current provided Machi with some working hours to draw in the remaining cuts 250

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erez agmoni. In addition, currents reply means a a kind of phase one, if currently pride to the production Pareto, and that Mackey was in the studio. But it might be a seriously criticized the production operator, 150.

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The second case is from the Yambu data by Meg, by me and a female animator with variable years of and work experience. She said, that Studio X, sometimes, or other opportunities to the royal copyrighted paintings. This job is to do some restorations which will be put in the magazines or video games

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I met. This might be in charge of this sort of work as a side of, but chance to get the job is generally distributed. As for Studio X, it has developed already, state the reputation for improving high skilled animators, and so some production companies are willing to offer a copyrighted jobs to study of. X,

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next said that this side job is helpful for adjusting her walking time and the high school skip formation. This opportunity is perceived as a a positive asking aspect of belonging to Studio X.

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However I am. It doesn't necessarily decorize the manager practice or working time on the schedule gifts. This rise shows feednote or March fourth, 2,020. Max work was delayed then. So a product operator came to Studio X and ask about high progress. Until that day. The production operator repeated to the R. And C. Magazine schedule. With this practice

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this practice might function as a schedule gift. But it was not the case. On the contrary, Menu attributed the responsibility for the directory production operator. This is because the production operator did not assign her cuts in proper order.

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In Jena. The movement, or I mentioned works comprises a series of cuts and animated tend to be assigned con consecutive cuts. However, in this case the production operator for you to assign consecutive costs. So there was a room for passing the operated responsibility and make actual claim that the hard. How did I direct from the operate? That's the failure. So she didn't see the schedule arrangement as a schedule gift?

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Finally, let me conclude my presentation. as I discussed the schedule gift function in study of X arm, it is enjoy the advantages of a belonging to the phone and prepared in giftedness to the studio. This is also produce consent to belonging in terms of this system. Production stadium might be a protection system rather than explorate it. Operators, but they do their mobility power. As I mentioned in the server.

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I also find the negotiated character with scheduled gift. Animators sometimes resist ecosystem to ecommerce's adjustment as a gift actually, ethnographic research on the study of X, there is a lot about the racial Cp to refinement freelance workers. One.

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But I also, I I need further investigation into the marginal practice for freelance workers, of course, including its unrivaled effect on workers. Thank you very much.

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Thank you.

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Thank you very much, Shintaro, and I'm asking to come to the for Meandela Monovich.

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She's from Russian Presidation Academy of National Economy. I agree

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there is a pre-recorded version of the presentation. But she will

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for the

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she. Okay, I will. Yes.

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have to to stop sharing.

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Okay.

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 it's connected to the okay to change.

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Oh, yes

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to it.

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Yeah.

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So no, I think it should be this. PC, yesterday it was like this.

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okay, just

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can you see it on the line? Okay.

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One.

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I'm glad to see you here. The topic of my report is about the skies of Russian entrepreneurs in crisis conditions.  it's it

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at least. 80.

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Thank you.

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Okay.

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This concept fits perfectly to the experience of entrepreneurial survival in epidemi.

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All a Russian business survey conducted in April 21 allowed their study the invisible experience of a of small and median-sized

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enterprises during a very crisis situation I am to.

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in the eyes of these lessons alone by, and lost their association of Regional Research centre conducted to entity or focused groups.

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thank you very much, thank you.

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okay.

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 okay,

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we asked those who managed to keep their business load otherwise. And as a result, our analysis, we received

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12 skills, or maybe 12 classes.

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And the first of this is

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to the beginning of this.

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this.

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And then.

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okay.

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okay, because of this, lessons is Rainy day part. Everyone should take seriously refresh the Rainy Day Fund

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a in in touchable. The amount of money set is a a site for remedy. One over there responses mentioned refunds, he said.

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They want should be a must, but there should be one, but at least 3 one in cash somewhere on the local key one I in same kind of depos, and the third one is just current assets

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which you don't don't touch at all. They are basically free, available.

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one of the most important lessons of the pandemic is working with online technology. respondents understood that a different era would be him began

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as a digital era. A small business is changing it more and more online technologies, and the eventually it becomes a new kind of business.

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their dish of offline business. It does not bring this to

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since it is their on my business. They they they, as I said, they have huge me. Their king is

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that you don't leave the king.

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The third lesson is the demand for you. Knowledge. Knowledge is power, as Princess beckon said, the most important skill

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is the need for information always be more flexible. Keep track of emergent trends, never stop learning new things.

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then you acknowledge or lose your business.

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01:08:44.200 --> 01:08:57.320
and the next lesson is development. Is that means of the while. Business is like a bicycle, it must move forward, or you, or wilful, or

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and you and the pandemic this rule has become extremely relevant. Business is constant. Development is a one of our responses. as soon as you us settle down and stop development. That's it.

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The pandemic soft, Willingly or unlikely as a catalyst for self-development only development is a guarantee of survival in time of crisis and sign of life in stable times.

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And next lesson is responsiveness. quickly making risky decisions, both a soft addiction or and heart change of business direction.

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a lot of things that can help in times of crisis. This admin an instant of of advice of to Alice from Black Queen in new schedules for this in tail. You have to run as fast as you can, just to stay very well, and to have to run at least twice as it was to get somewhere.

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And next lesson is the business diversification

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a business that justification is a chance for An entrepreneur to also what any price period. A a business person should take care to have federal activities in different industries or a different lines of business in the same business area.

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 a diversification of business, even by a mustering EU profession in their entrepreneurs. Answer to the challenge of any crisis, including the

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01:11:04.270 --> 01:11:18.869
who And next lesson is business optimization. the entrepreneurs defined workflow optimization is a reduction of all costs

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which can be avoided. It's not just a financial cost. It can be extra time, and it's a work.

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Those entrepreneurs who have time to optimize their business! Just like To shed and lease in autumn to survive. the winter they's a remedy. Float, and others are a group.

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01:11:44.870 --> 01:12:03.790
and next lesson is business flexibility. Business flexibility is they're willing this to to deduct to changing circumstances. Their pandemic has demanded these readiness to their highest degree.

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You can change the world with the help of business. You can event a high demand, a source or product with is

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01:12:15.950 --> 01:12:21.049
indispensable, and then the world will change with you.

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01:12:21.420 --> 01:12:39.300
and next lesson is business customer focus, business customer focus is in adolescent of the pandem. It would seem that a business should always be a customer host, or otherwise it cannot exist.

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but sometimes it happens. The customer-focused approach is considerate, but by an entrepreneurs to be here a breakthrough, a change in business for the better.

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and next lesson is

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human resources, training the business clearly felt human resources. Shortage even before the pandemic made it worse.

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 Entrepreneurs achieved several ways to solve that human resources issue. or, on their one hand, they great schools for training and remaining of of employees in-house. On the other hand, they partnered with technical colleges. Yeah, in order to train specialists.

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Eventually the human resources issue is solved by the entrepreneurs themselves like Sometimes the best place to find Help in hunt is at the end of your sleep.

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And our next Lesson is

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large rejections.

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 easily x

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accessible is, it may seem it was glance money initially stupefied an entrepreneur who took out loans over over the condem. He has brought a many business owners back to reality.

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and the was a bust, the myth that you cannot build a a large and profitable business without laws.

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Miss, rejection of loans is only a emergent trend in the business environment. time will tell how it will develop.

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and last lesson is dead support

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not all entrepreneurs applied to their state for her

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those who did usually received it.

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There is an overlay pandemic is to seek help if you need it. It. It is possible to ask for help from the State. and one must launch to do so, for everyone who ask receives here who? 6, 5 at Joanne for sounds.

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The miles begins with a single step as one and the know one set. And

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and so we

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 came to following conclusions. As a result. They are pandemic, because, become a powerful stimulus for the development of Russian companies by giving them the skills which they need to overcome the crisis. Any crisis is not only a challenge, but also an opportunity.

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01:16:08.720 --> 01:16:19.149
It seems that the pandemic with its grounds, was just a preparation for a tougher challenge.

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yeah, Google, a change curate in the mind. So of people better than. And they silently did a bullet. And then working high, or how they, and better, in order to achieve their trajectory of a sustainable business in the new conditions.

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01:16:42.070 --> 01:16:58.530
entrepreneurs launched. To see opportunities in challenges, and to turn disadvantages into advantages during the depending, and continue to use this mood to deal with new disruptions.

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Let's all thank you for your attention.

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and it's positive.

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very positive

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01:17:07.720 --> 01:17:25.849
presentation. Thank you. This this, this positive skills. But I have. I may be discussions today.

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01:17:26.240 --> 01:17:28.730
Thank you.

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And we are moving on the last presentation, and I'm asking to come here to platform.

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Are you ready?

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01:17:41.530 --> 01:17:45.760
 me?

392
01:17:45.880 --> 01:17:51.270
Right? So say anything. Yeah.

393
01:17:53.740 --> 01:17:56.690
I need some technical

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01:17:57.200 --> 01:17:58.330
things to do

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and to share.

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01:18:01.850 --> 01:18:08.090
Okay? And then you can see it all there on the desk with microphone

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01:18:08.300 --> 01:18:10.220
and share from your computer.

398
01:18:11.900 --> 01:18:18.010
Maybe it's gonna be better. How do you think of it? Yes, you can manage yourself.

399
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I'm sorry.

400
01:18:42.830 --> 01:18:46.290
 okay.

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01:18:52.820 --> 01:19:01.480
Alex. When we will start discussing all the panelists will be invited to the tests

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01:19:01.720 --> 01:19:05.529
on this stage, and then we will

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collect

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01:19:07.170 --> 01:19:17.790
questions from the roof on the outside, from from virtual, our participants, and we will start discussing

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01:19:19.720 --> 01:19:26.140
our new commission. I'm too looking a

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01:19:27.320 --> 01:19:29.750
it's not a

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this is all.

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01:19:34.240 --> 01:19:36.709
So you can see there.

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01:19:45.890 --> 01:19:50.549
And as if you

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01:19:59.200 --> 01:20:05.660
Ndeshi: everything is for you. I think

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01:20:06.540 --> 01:20:08.830
I'm actually going to.

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01:20:13.700 --> 01:20:16.339
I need your computer.

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01:21:01.880 --> 01:21:02.720
the

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01:21:10.220 --> 01:21:32.640
 while she is struggling with her technical problems. Maybe we will collect some questions, maybe you have some questions for our first.

415
01:21:32.960 --> 01:21:34.150
Yes, we can put it.

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01:21:34.470 --> 01:21:35.440
Yes.

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Andrei Popov (VolRC RAS): and you call it. Do you have questions on the on the right? So for session organizer. I would like this to to ask some questions to each speaker. You know the in which they spoke. If you didn't mind. we have listened to 5 speakers. So 5 questions.

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01:21:58.470 --> 01:22:10.580
Andrei Popov (VolRC RAS): let's start with you, Anna. thank you so much to you and to your colleague for your fascinating reports. And I have a question

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01:22:10.620 --> 01:22:39.590
Andrei Popov (VolRC RAS): concerning a conceptual framework. So the concept of post workers is kind, the new for me. And the could you clarify? It's conceptual framework and separate post workers from for instance, flying for that. Fly out and come you in. Work is, or it's all the same, and can be, I don't know, combined on the basis of return labor migration. So that's my question

420
01:22:39.650 --> 01:22:44.120
Andrei Popov (VolRC RAS): for beyond John.

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01:22:44.410 --> 01:22:56.909
Andrei Popov (VolRC RAS): If I understand you right. subsidy exists. on equal terms, we as a social benefits, for instance, unemployment, allowance for use or

422
01:22:56.920 --> 01:23:23.239
Andrei Popov (VolRC RAS): and the other categories. so can you assist the effects of the introductions of this subsidy? Maybe in terms of use employment because it for me. for now it's for me, it sounds like, maybe some discrimination normally, regarding other categories of the population, for instance, the retirement.

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01:23:23.530 --> 01:23:36.190
Andrei Popov (VolRC RAS): So could you clarify, please? Klaus. I guess your results the great manifestation of labor polarization. And you know

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01:23:36.240 --> 01:24:05.300
Andrei Popov (VolRC RAS): I'm really concerned that we can't provide decent working condition without some innovations. I don't know. such as a universal basic income. So do you really believe in the strange of the of trade unions in the world of digital platforms. I know you you mentioned different yeah measures. But I'm really curious on in trade unions. So that's a question for you.

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01:24:05.500 --> 01:24:20.550
Andrei Popov (VolRC RAS): Shintara. thank you again. And of course, standard model. A standard employment model is the best for mass production. It helps to meet the needs of industry for qualified, personal, and for sure it

426
01:24:20.760 --> 01:24:25.260
Andrei Popov (VolRC RAS): We will not work in the service economy, in your opinion.

427
01:24:25.290 --> 01:24:44.659
Andrei Popov (VolRC RAS): what's the future of freelance animators in Japan, hiring labor or some form of self employment, because on it's opens the different ways to forigration.

428
01:24:44.840 --> 01:24:56.450
Andrei Popov (VolRC RAS): Thank you. And for a nearly. I'm glad to see you on the distance, unfortunately, but still you always have great results obtaining directly from from business.

429
01:24:56.500 --> 01:25:06.260
Maybe you already have some insights about the the situation after so called a special military

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01:25:06.570 --> 01:25:20.150
Andrei Popov (VolRC RAS): forces. I'm I'm sorry for between Russia and the Ukraine that started maybe some some you results and the change in strategies from surviving to something else. Thank you so much

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01:25:25.670 --> 01:25:27.580
given.

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01:25:27.980 --> 01:25:32.799
thank you. I'm here for any questions about the

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to make her answer the question in your mind. Yeah, if you can, please. I will try to

434
01:25:41.700 --> 01:25:45.600
he us in the 10 month of the

435
01:25:48.060 --> 01:25:51.239
so many slides for this

436
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from Namibia.

437
01:26:15.210 --> 01:26:20.059
trying to look at it from the.

438
01:26:20.310 --> 01:26:24.319
And they test a a bit of a change, and it's in vocals.

439
01:26:24.890 --> 01:26:34.069
So I think for most of us probably think by now that we intelligent about for the 19 funding

440
01:26:34.220 --> 01:26:39.580
understand? Because some of I think we've seen so much. It has.

441
01:26:39.680 --> 01:26:40.989
I think it has.

442
01:26:41.110 --> 01:26:51.819
I think it changes, and it has caused me a lot of work in the. So the idea of this as a nation is basically to try and interrogate the push. Or

443
01:26:51.990 --> 01:26:52.890
this is.

444
01:26:53.060 --> 01:26:59.960
I want to

445
01:27:00.070 --> 01:27:09.450
such as point one D, so the data is.

446
01:27:10.840 --> 01:27:19.189
it's just for you to give you a bit of context when I'm talking about some of the numbers. Maybe it is a huge country

447
01:27:19.810 --> 01:27:26.650
young, but I think the attention is more on the population. And I think from the lessons, it's never 2 million.

448
01:27:26.680 --> 01:27:35.219
And I'm giving this information, because when I speak of the numbers, I think we do make sense in the context of the population.

449
01:27:35.450 --> 01:27:40.640
It's a quite a useful nation, about 30%.

450
01:27:48.940 --> 01:27:50.839
And so it

451
01:27:51.600 --> 01:27:58.609
now, prior to the pandemic. Namibia has already faced so many challenges. Among them

452
01:27:58.860 --> 01:28:10.520
he center quite 49 is the really.

453
01:28:11.200 --> 01:28:20.029
and that they were living basis here. And one will and 90 today. So when we talk about traveling to the 2,000 and the movie, and it's in the

454
01:28:20.160 --> 01:28:23.470
1 million that's

455
01:28:24.040 --> 01:28:41.760
and also before

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01:28:47.410 --> 01:28:51.080
the city. And this is what we call it so.

457
01:28:51.150 --> 01:28:52.400
And

458
01:28:52.410 --> 01:28:59.170
with Covid, obviously, it's quite sensible. Right now, we don't really have

459
01:28:59.280 --> 01:29:03.899
so much of efficient data. And it's actually less than actual job losses

460
01:29:04.130 --> 01:29:13.810
in the and there has been numbers thrown out here in the for difference, that is twice providing numbers. But I think most of us.

461
01:29:13.840 --> 01:29:18.840
We believe that I think the the and it has only reached

462
01:29:18.870 --> 01:29:20.190
40%,

463
01:29:20.910 --> 01:29:26.899
and that no idea having an average household for 4 people.

464
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It's been also estimated that about 1.8 million

465
01:29:31.670 --> 01:29:36.269
who will actually be affected by and in the

466
01:29:37.540 --> 01:29:45.920
now I think that now following the announcement of COVID-19, of course, especially

467
01:29:45.990 --> 01:29:51.220
social

468
01:29:51.400 --> 01:29:57.989
layoffs reduce working hours, and and these have affected various sectors in the country.

469
01:29:58.540 --> 01:30:04.899
The pandemic has has specifically affected vulnerable groups, especially in Homer workers

470
01:30:05.020 --> 01:30:09.900
low income learners and these are usually women. And you

471
01:30:10.190 --> 01:30:19.889
and these are also groups that either do not have or they have religious specifications, or

472
01:30:20.730 --> 01:30:27.930
and I think also due to. Probably we saw that quite a number of people were able to successfully bring their jobs online from home.

473
01:30:28.080 --> 01:30:31.810
But others were not able to

474
01:30:31.850 --> 01:30:37.880
to do their jobs online. So 2 weeks that for many of them who had a laid off

475
01:30:38.020 --> 01:30:43.969
February or commendment, obviously the consequences is that language is lost.

476
01:30:44.400 --> 01:31:01.280
and I mean that in a little context, tourism for hospitality, and we can't. And it all of us were mostly the victims of this. now almost on a daily basis. We see both of the major newspapers, this and some of the Bangladesh had landed.

477
01:31:01.310 --> 01:31:08.460
We've been seeing, and this is why we are saying that even we're estimating the number of.

478
01:31:24.860 --> 01:31:30.509
or, for instance, it's 3 to 3,200, which are the judgment in in one year

479
01:31:30.600 --> 01:31:38.910
for a small population. That's quite a voice in number. And the question is, what happens to these people, especially in a country that does not have consultancy

480
01:31:39.080 --> 01:31:40.970
social protection systems.

481
01:31:42.230 --> 01:32:03.619
So I'm going to.

482
01:32:03.900 --> 01:32:17.549
And I think we also that especially the most of work so and these have

483
01:32:17.650 --> 01:32:23.090
79% of these businesses have reduced as that's working south hours.

484
01:32:23.140 --> 01:32:29.619
And others have a transition to online. But most of them have actually lost their jobs.

485
01:32:29.690 --> 01:32:38.130
And the informal center, which is quite accessible in the of the media, is one of the most hard heat

486
01:32:38.340 --> 01:33:05.779
in the country, I think, especially with their lockdown. I think some of the retail shops had we had in ours to operate, but, unfortunately for the hormone trade and the street pendants also them to lost their businesses because they don't really allow to trade, and as in the future, so they most of them have lost their income and everything

487
01:33:05.900 --> 01:33:07.600
to go for this.

488
01:33:21.250 --> 01:33:24.779
as so many would be that effect.

489
01:33:25.010 --> 01:33:28.639
I said, I'll come. And I thought, maybe we can get into the discussions

490
01:33:28.650 --> 01:33:37.930
into this one, and also in the context of social protection. It was just basically to give an idea of the kind of

491
01:34:18.140 --> 01:34:24.789
And obviously there were other additional vicious government students is the way to.

492
01:34:25.120 --> 01:34:27.149
and this is

493
01:34:48.640 --> 01:35:02.399
of their businesses. And this again should get conversation about just protection for

494
01:35:02.570 --> 01:35:08.470
she. So it comes by conclusion. Thank you

495
01:35:08.500 --> 01:35:22.939
so, anyway. So the onset of COVID-19 Prices and National loved and to speak with social mobility interruptions, and also have led to lots of jobs and income, and these are the incomes access for you in the household.

496
01:35:23.000 --> 01:35:30.200
and and I think for most of us they haven't had the has to be to to introduce anything in France. You know we

497
01:35:30.460 --> 01:35:42.200
which could be a social

498
01:35:42.220 --> 01:35:47.910
one. Of the things also that you've been advocating for is addressing the and disparities in the district.

499
01:35:47.990 --> 01:35:49.050
These images

500
01:35:49.220 --> 01:36:03.479
that's ready, which will also ensure there will be an unlimited form of women. And so I think a country like Namibia need to be beyond the territory, and

501
01:36:09.630 --> 01:36:10.300
you want to

502
01:36:13.030 --> 01:36:15.590
thank you.

503
01:36:17.300 --> 01:36:20.449
So we haven't. We had a very rich set of

504
01:36:20.840 --> 01:36:25.589
cases. And now for conclusion, I'm going that I'm

505
01:36:26.740 --> 01:36:31.829
are willing to give the vote to Andre and our illness.

506
01:36:32.320 --> 01:36:37.260
Yeah, thank you. Museum. Thank you. So let's

507
01:36:37.280 --> 01:36:55.079
Andrei Popov (VolRC RAS): we continue to collect a question for just few minutes. If you need, I will repeat mine in advance. I'd like to ask our distinguished speakers. To be brief in the answers. We have very intense sessions. So

508
01:36:55.230 --> 01:36:58.070
Andrei Popov (VolRC RAS): yeah. So let's continue to correct questions.

509
01:37:00.540 --> 01:37:01.510
Oh.

510
01:37:04.030 --> 01:37:04.710
of

511
01:37:06.370 --> 01:37:35.550
we, do we have any questions from the audience. Maybe. Yeah, yes, we have. Yeah, sure, I have one person for clouds. I I I mean, when I was talking with people in the transport sector, they always say that it's very hard to include my and also people from Ukraine now, because they have to have this specializing your license. So I wasn't kind of not sure. But, let's say, surprised. Did you talk about the inclusion of my rooms in the sector? Could you say something about that? Thank you.

512
01:37:38.410 --> 01:37:39.150
Well.

513
01:37:45.110 --> 01:37:49.569
and now your chair. Okay.

514
01:37:52.120 --> 01:37:52.850
you see.

515
01:37:58.390 --> 01:37:59.760
And they.

516
01:37:59.920 --> 01:38:05.320
Andrei Popov (VolRC RAS): And so we, we start our discussion here

517
01:38:05.680 --> 01:38:09.830
Andrei Popov (VolRC RAS): in order of

518
01:38:10.710 --> 01:38:14.040
anyway.

519
01:38:14.430 --> 01:38:21.450
Yes, yes, if you are inefficient, I will. I will try to translate.

520
01:38:22.270 --> 01:38:25.190
You want us something to.

521
01:38:25.340 --> 01:38:27.420
Okay. And us, please.

522
01:38:27.550 --> 01:38:29.020
Okay.

523
01:38:29.880 --> 01:38:51.880
yeah, I'm watching from Chinese University of Hong Kong. So really, thank you all the presentations. It's really interesting. My first question is for the young John. It's really interesting to heard about the Us. Movement in the Korea, because we have also some seminar in China, like people. Young people don't really want to join it in.

524
01:38:51.880 --> 01:39:08.769
I want to learn more about the kind of the employment structures, or how the conditions or whatever in the labour market

525
01:39:08.770 --> 01:39:33.410
about the structural structural problems for the young people and their problems. The first question is how the job seeking subsidies, responses to those major structures.

526
01:39:33.410 --> 01:39:58.410
problems

527
01:39:58.500 --> 01:40:22.830
like current workforce who are them and other migrants, and not sure. So from their perspective. I I can see there are some dynamics in changing. For instance, there's more control. There's more emphasis on efficiency and from from the workers perspective. What are their major concerns

528
01:40:22.860 --> 01:40:33.130
in this sector, and is there income? I'm not sure, is it this digitalization and how it related to the

529
01:40:36.760 --> 01:40:37.600
okay?

530
01:40:38.960 --> 01:40:39.810
And they.

531
01:40:40.080 --> 01:40:49.240
Andrei Popov (VolRC RAS): I guess we should start downstream. So I I maybe it on the first.

532
01:40:49.780 --> 01:40:53.700
I'm very sure. And the post of 4 great. It's a specific.

533
01:41:22.920 --> 01:41:24.550
my home.

534
01:41:24.640 --> 01:41:29.120
So it's a way that the business

535
01:41:29.370 --> 01:41:33.400
and I

536
01:41:38.120 --> 01:41:39.070
we

537
01:41:39.320 --> 01:41:43.639
Andrei Popov (VolRC RAS): So again, B and John your turn your floor.

538
01:41:44.570 --> 01:41:46.560
Andrei Popov (VolRC RAS): You have several questions

539
01:41:53.820 --> 01:41:56.460
on the great money, and soon

540
01:42:05.930 --> 01:42:09.330
there is a long name for this. Employ special. It

541
01:42:09.600 --> 01:42:17.929
but forces to reduce and point unemployment rate always fail. I think it is somehow natural situation in capitalism.

542
01:42:18.140 --> 01:42:30.710
since the labor market is dualized as your own mom, these jobs are gradually gradually decreasing, and younger generations are entering the precarious labor market for this day does not employ it.

543
01:42:30.770 --> 01:42:56.890
The youth allowance I presented to People's Values Union. It's not just cause it to reduce the Mono unemployment rate, where there is a policy to prevent young people who are about to enter the labour market from failing into unstable labor, a subsidy that pays for time, he setting to prepare for employment, at least in total rather

544
01:42:57.279 --> 01:43:17.939
than working on an illegal workplace that pays lower than minimum wage. For example, participants prepare for a job or decent job, or it's for what career they you really want. And somehow, when it's too tough, if you just sometimes eat delicious foods, or you have free time. It is a sleep.

545
01:43:18.059 --> 01:43:24.699
and it's also it, also a it or a it not employed, or but in

546
01:43:24.750 --> 01:43:55.670
 Yes.

547
01:44:00.250 --> 01:44:01.730
one.

548
01:44:02.150 --> 01:44:21.409
Klaus Schmierl: Thank you so much beyond, and the clouds your turn. You have questions from me, one and the, if I don't mind from someone from the audience. Thank you very much for the questions. First, to to Ilana in Germany we behalf of about that duration of 3 years

549
01:44:21.410 --> 01:44:44.320
Klaus Schmierl: How long the migrants have to wait for to get them kind of agreement of the State to stay here, and and for that time they have to to accomplish their driver license, the acceptance of the driver license, and then they may work in this logistic sector. that means that in in the logistic sector and the parcel service.

550
01:44:44.320 --> 01:45:08.310
Klaus Schmierl: mostly Afghanistan people, Syria people, Turkish, Eastern European people are working at the moment for the Ukrainian at the moment. It's too early. They have to wait. They get the A. A early status of acceptance, but maybe they have to wait a little bit, and and that's too early, and if I'm not completely wrong. I think in this kind of sector we have about 6. See

551
01:45:08.768 --> 01:45:11.519
to 70% of foreign workers.

552
01:45:11.540 --> 01:45:14.670
Klaus Schmierl: And you see that it's a kind of reserve army

553
01:45:14.700 --> 01:45:23.820
Klaus Schmierl: for the Big 5, and it's a very good opportunity to to to dec decrease working standards, and and so on.

554
01:45:24.049 --> 01:45:38.730
Klaus Schmierl: Second question from the plenum, from the the colleague of the Planum. The migrants interests the main are the proceeding of the contract. They have always terminated contracts.

555
01:45:38.730 --> 01:46:08.200
Klaus Schmierl: They have no guarantee that they will pro get prolonged the the working contract with the same employer. And that's one of the most most issues, and that's also the reason why they don't. they fear to contact the trade unions. They fear to to make their their voice loud, and and they stay calm, and they they accept all these kind of working structures with

556
01:46:08.200 --> 01:46:19.900
Klaus Schmierl: which all are against the law in in Germany. As so the the second one is working times as I said. in in most cases we have an ub of law

557
01:46:19.900 --> 01:46:41.850
Klaus Schmierl: which allows only 1010 hours a day to work. but nearly no one in in this sector. works 10 h. They in most cases they they are over filled with overload of of parcels in the in their cars to have to work to 12 hours a day, or or 14 h a day.

558
01:46:42.040 --> 01:46:45.820
Klaus Schmierl: Then, then, many thanks to Andrew for the question. But

559
01:46:46.080 --> 01:46:55.799
Klaus Schmierl: it's a very, very good question, but it's a very complex question regarding the the my belief in the strength of trade unions.

560
01:46:56.310 --> 01:47:06.810
Klaus Schmierl: I. I have to state brief. first of all, we have a decrease in the membership in Germany of trade unions in the last 30 years.

561
01:47:07.210 --> 01:47:24.259
Klaus Schmierl: therefore, the the strength of the trade unions response in my point of view, on 2 effects. The first is Our measures and strategy of trade unions in itself.

562
01:47:24.430 --> 01:47:32.090
Klaus Schmierl: and we have faced in the last years, especially in faces when strikes a cure, then the membership increases.

563
01:47:32.230 --> 01:47:56.140
Klaus Schmierl: It's a measurement that that the the attractiveness of trade unions is increased. That's one reason the second pathway is policy lobbying. Nbc on the European level, and we see in the national level that always, if there's a kind of Social Democratic or leftist party, and we have now an

564
01:47:56.140 --> 01:48:07.080
Klaus Schmierl: and a minister of the Social Democratic party which is responsible for labor. Then the there are the laws in the in the beginning.

565
01:48:07.080 --> 01:48:30.009
Klaus Schmierl: which are good for employers, employees, and in which are good for the trade Union, like minimum wage, like, I don't know the English word. It's a there's a kind of agreement that the minister can announce at collective bargaining for the whole branch that. That's that are

566
01:48:30.060 --> 01:48:49.040
Klaus Schmierl: coalitions between trade unions and and policy, and I I I believe in this is strength and the recovering of the strength of trade unions because of rather good measurement. But we have erosion trends. I have said something about that in the last years.

567
01:48:49.290 --> 01:48:51.709
Klaus Schmierl: I have to stop now. Thank you very much.

568
01:48:52.510 --> 01:49:21.090
Andrei Popov (VolRC RAS): Thank you. Gross in, you know, in in Russia in the last 30 years. The coverage of trade unions ring from 60 to 30. So, yeah, that's the same trends. Thank you. Shintar, are you, John? you have at least one question from me. Maybe anyone will ask something. So your term?

569
01:49:21.090 --> 01:49:32.530
I think I so there is a possibility that a monumental method is

570
01:49:32.530 --> 01:49:54.140
the Cere environment. People, I think and scheduled. The concept of schedule gift can be interfaced is supplement people who's work stacks or recruit blocks like resembles and stand-Al work employment workers. But I mean several employment people for us

571
01:49:54.180 --> 01:50:11.359
business. So I'm sorry. I still several people from us their own business. I see, I think if you're new to might like my.

572
01:50:12.160 --> 01:50:13.270
So for the

573
01:50:13.910 --> 01:50:15.250
that's the

574
01:50:17.410 --> 01:50:25.460
Andrei Popov (VolRC RAS): thank you. Thank you so much. I guess you received my question to an earlier

575
01:50:26.550 --> 01:50:33.549
Andrei Popov (VolRC RAS): about changing your strategies in the current situation. Yeah.

576
01:50:35.150 --> 01:50:38.550
yes, we have received. I'm gonna we can try.

577
01:50:44.170 --> 01:50:45.570
I'll be back up

578
01:50:47.400 --> 01:50:57.420
so way it will be.

579
01:50:57.520 --> 01:51:05.930
yeah. Here. Yes. We conducted the survey in

580
01:51:05.950 --> 01:51:14.610
23. Yes, recently in my with the same entrepreneurs.

581
01:51:14.890 --> 01:51:16.410
And

582
01:51:17.360 --> 01:51:18.680
what concludes

583
01:51:18.740 --> 01:51:30.559
mentioned? lessons are they wanted for

584
01:51:30.680 --> 01:51:33.650
for the current crisis?

585
01:51:34.110 --> 01:51:42.180
 I mean a special military operation in Ukraine.

586
01:51:42.350 --> 01:51:59.820
 This, this this lesson re-advant it to during crisis, but about a sum of some of

587
01:52:01.450 --> 01:52:04.089
situation, some of

588
01:52:04.470 --> 01:52:13.229
 as some of lessons, maybe especially especially

589
01:52:13.870 --> 01:52:16.310
human resources.

590
01:52:16.350 --> 01:52:23.910
 shortage of human resources resources, a more

591
01:52:24.180 --> 01:52:36.739
and more worse because some of people go out from business to war. Some of people who are out from business to abroad.

592
01:52:37.550 --> 01:52:39.929
but

593
01:52:40.120 --> 01:52:41.770
in

594
01:52:43.570 --> 01:52:53.060
a small and paid on business are such as uran there, a pandemic more than bigger a business.

595
01:52:53.250 --> 01:53:07.079
But now in The crisis! You're in the cockroaches, I mean a special energy separation. Bigger business, biggest biggest. staff more than

596
01:53:07.260 --> 01:53:11.579
a small and little business.

597
01:53:11.850 --> 01:53:17.390
because because well.

598
01:53:18.280 --> 01:53:28.419
a sum of people from the biggest business owner of business. I host all money.

599
01:53:29.270 --> 01:53:32.609
but in

600
01:53:32.810 --> 01:53:43.080
during the pandemic Especially big business received

601
01:53:43.240 --> 01:53:45.500
support from state.

602
01:53:46.290 --> 01:53:58.420
Andrei Popov (VolRC RAS): Thank you. Yeah, it's clear. Thank you, Amelia. before we turn to. On this. She I saw Maria, maybe raise a hand to ask some questions.

603
01:53:58.810 --> 01:53:59.820
Andrei Popov (VolRC RAS): No?

604
01:54:00.050 --> 01:54:02.450
Oh, I I'm sorry

605
01:54:02.770 --> 01:54:13.310
Andrei Popov (VolRC RAS): she choose to save our time. okay. So in this, she, I have a question for you. I've well.

606
01:54:24.400 --> 01:54:30.600
actually, yes, especially to those that have transitioned.

607
01:54:30.640 --> 01:54:33.470
from.

608
01:54:33.620 --> 01:54:50.880
we are.

609
01:54:53.490 --> 01:55:07.279
Yeah. Yeah, those that have transitioned, especially from the

610
01:55:26.790 --> 01:55:49.510
to pay. I think we have a huge workforce in reducing the

611
01:55:49.690 --> 01:55:54.000
close on me. Thank you very much. Bye, bye, you're joining by. Thank you.