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City. Okay.

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Good morning everyone. Let's start our session. Production in current world focusing on credential testing and abortion.

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I'm a coordinator of this session. Chi Chi in Japan. In this session, we will discuss current issues and challenges by examining preinator testing and abortion from women's men's disabilities and the health care providers perspective.

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Kinetal testing are capitalized by large number of Udra sound examinations performed during antenatal checkups.

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And screening examination using maternal blood, you know. Rural sonography is performed as a medical checkup with the purpose of managing the mother and monitoring the growth of feeders.

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Oppose iterations and gynecologist familiar with creator examinations. Or see the ruder sound examination separate from the more precise test.

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Such are the new car translucency test. In reality, however, fetal abnormalities maybe are defected during the prenatal checkup.

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With amino census and other diagnostic diagnostic procedures in such cases. For example, Japan has been cautious about maternal blood screening tests due to the discriminatory nature of pinatal testing.

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Against people with disabilities. But with the introduction of NIPT nipped in 2,013 system began to be performed by known other situations and spread rapidly.

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Possible or I should I report under the title Criminal Testing and Bue of Disability in Eastern Asia?

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Sources to Asia and South Asia. Based on a research project on prenatal testing and view of disability in 9 countries in East Asia.

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South Asia and South Asia. This report provides an overview of a clanal testing and disability perspectives in Asia.

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The second record is assisted the productive technology prompt male subjectivity in the production issues and the controversyies surrounding elective abortion by case-case idol.

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Comparing Japan and Australia, he will discuss how reproductive technology has enabled enabled men to take subjectivity of their involvement in production.

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The third label is how do the ICD affect you that this goes on reproductive health rights?

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A case study of Germany and Japan by at Kosano. She will report on the ideal form of reproduction in an ICT enabled society using Japan and Germany as the examples.

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The fourth record is attitude of obesityerians and gynecrosis toward prenatal testing and abortion in Japan by Cisco Sugano.

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Interviews with Japanese of staterians and gynecologists discuss doctors attitude and experiences with abortion.

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For following prenatal testing. The fifth report is how I run attempt to avoid stigma on disability through the legalization of abortion by Yukon Nkaido.

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Discusses how the discrimination of abortion by doctors and avoidance of stigmatization of disabled.

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Was achieved in the debates over the conditions under which abortion was permissible in Ireland in case of a failure.

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Which is unlikely to read to the desk. The last report is visualizing nationality autonomy in abortion decided making by Dorinda.

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She examines the decision-making process of whether or not to continue an individual's pregnancy.

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As described above we will discuss prenatal testing, disability and abortion due to figure of a normality.

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In various countries around the world through a variety of analytical methods including parliamentary and other debates, interviews and service.

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After all reports are finished we will like to have a discussion and question and answer session and this discussion with the participants.

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We welcome active comments from participants. Let's begin with the first report. The first, sorry, first day port is.

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Me?

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Okay.

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My presentation is the, the, the research team that they also represents is currently learning the research project on plinthal testing and views of disability in 9 countries in East Asia.

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South Asia and South Asia. In the proceeding period a survey only production including abortion was conducted in 14 Asian countries In this report, we would like to discuss a macro situation regarding the relationship between funeral testing and abortion.

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In conclusion, the nature of abortion is one of the major factors during the use of technology or cleaner testing.

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In Miami, the, and the Philippines, a portion is banned. Specifically in Myanmar abortion is prohibited except in cases where the mother's life is in danger.

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In the Philippines it is out they are outraged without exception and article over 12 of the Constitution provides that their fitness is also protected.

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The crime of abortion is defined in the criminal code of 1,870 and that in articles 2 5 6 2 2 5 9 of the amended criminal code of 1,930.

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However, it is possible to save a woman's life according to article. 11 4 of the penal code.

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In both countries, though black market abortion is a factor of life, A strong stigma against abortion is shared by the population.

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Taiwan as in Japan there is a double standard. There is an abortion offense in the penal code.

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It is condition conditionally permitted under the eugenic health act. In Taiwan the law stipulates that abortion can be performed in case where pregnancy and childbirth caused damage to fiscal and mental health and affect family life.

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Specifically, this includes 4 6 year intervals, a pregnancy by cross relatives, cases of feeding disorders, etc.

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However, a prevalent Uma needs to consent or crosspose to have an abortion and in the case of minor the content of a partner or a guardian is required.

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In late 2,000 the order abortion drug argue 486 was approved and LU 4 8 6 is used within 7 weeks of conception.

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Such grow abortion is possible within 24 weeks of gestation. In abortion is illegal in Vietnam and there are no rules on of the number of weeks or conditions.

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The law of on the projection of public health states that the woman have to write to have an abortion.

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And then the Ministry of Health is obligated to ensure medical care in Article 44. How, it must not be performed in a medical institution.

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That is not licensed by the Ministry or House. Article 2 4 3 of the penal code defined an illegal abortion as a person who performed an illegal abortion on another person.

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In Japan, there is a double standard I said the penal code provides for the criminal abortion and the maternal protection law of 1,948 provides for forced sexual intervals and the ability to perform an abortion abortion if the mother is in danger.

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It also stimulated that suppose, spousal consent was required for abortion. The following year, economic reasons were added to the law and abortion were performed as an or alternative to contraception.

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Abortion has also been performed for economic reasons where when feeder of disability has been identified.

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And, In Myanmar and the Philippines and plinidal genetic testing such as NIPT was not widespread.

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And this is abortion law. Sorry. In Myanmar and Philippines predator genetic testing such as NIPT was not widespread and non-genetic plinator testing was widespread.

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Also, advanced medical care is provided in Manila. The Metropolitan area of the Philippines the Uma mentioned precision, neutral sound and fiddle function and variation as tests.

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They themselves had undergone. The OBGY applied that the hospitals board of these directors does not uploop of IBF but feeder surgery is allowed and we be performed aggressively and professionally in the future.

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Another public hospital of OBGY responded that even in cases where the black market abortion failed and reading would not stop.

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He would perform a Caesarean section even if the second Prime Minister a trimester of pregnancy in order to use medical care to save the feeders.

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In Myanmar, Omen themselves said that the abortion was totally unacceptable. But they had access to woman centred contraception such as pills, injections, and in plants at public expense or at low cost.

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Access to contraception is similar in the previous.

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In Taiwan and Vietnam in urban areas, NAPD is particularly used as a screening tool.

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In bedroom access to emergency contraception and the early abortion is easy. Abortion costs are covered by house insurance if the abortion is due to medical reasons for the fetus or pregnant women.

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His parents studied the maternal cinema markers and combined test combining markers and energy and widely used and abortion is sometimes performed without a default native test.

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And,

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A high percentage of Uma in all countries receive Rudolph sound examinations for prenatal testing.

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This may be related to measures to reduce print. Tornado and neonatal mortality dates such as confirmation of placenta position.

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Please send our position. In countries other than Japan, the percentage of with a percentage of respondents who underwent combine combined video examination video function a variation etc.

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Was high while the percentage of disappointments who underwent NRPT was high in Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam, Taiwan.

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South Korea, etc.

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The graph shows those who had preinator genetic testing and were asked by whom it was recommended.

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The red bars indicate the percentage of yes the responses. The percentage of Lisa pundits who answered recommended by a doctor is low in Japan.

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This graph, this indicates that husband partner has recommended it. I think case of doctors, the percentage of L respondents who answers that their husband partner has recommended, also very small in Japan.

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Other countries the percentage of recipients who said the doctors recommended it to tend to be larger. This is the percentage of responders who answered that they were not recommended by anyone.

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When they took to the test. Your Bah has the highest percentage of despondence. In other words, many Japanese respondents tend to have taken the test on their own without being recommended to do so by their doctors or their husbands or partners showing a completely different pattern from the that of other Asian countries.

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In other countries, positions are given a high percentage. Although this question is primarily assumed to be enough about NAPT, this response is probably related to the fact that in the past in Japan the Ministry of Health, Labor and Warehouse Aviation Committee for Materials, Cedar Markus, expressed the view that physicians

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don't need to actively inform pregnant Uma about testing. It may also reflect that taboo against taking genetic tests in society as a whole.

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Examination results in Japan and Sorry, maybe I have no time to. Skip here.

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And the next slide. Oh.

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This graph shows the percentage of respondents who answered that they would allow prenatal testing for feeder abnormalities in order to save the life of an unborn child.

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Minetal testing for the purpose of saving the life of the child was strongly favored in the Philippines Thailand, Vietnam and India.

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In Taiwan, the percentage for respondents who would allow a fewers due to examine examined for abnormality in order to decide this graph.

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To decide. Okay, to decide whether or not to give birth was higher than the percentage of disappointments who would allow or abnormality to be examined in order to save the life of unbone child

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More than half of disappointed said that the conditions under which abortion was possible were acceptable.

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Maternal hazard plunness due to violence in Myanmar maternal danger are feeder illness or disability in bedroom.

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Maternal danger pregnancy due to violence, failure illness or disability in Taiwan. And maternal danger pregnancy due to violence in Japan in the Philippines and the majority of the supporters said that items were not permissible in any case.

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And no more than half of the disappointed said that They were permissible under individual conditions. In Taiwan, the item with the highest percentage or was peer illness on disability.

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This is a when abortion is permissible pregnancy by violence. This is a high hostage in Japan.

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This is a where abortion is permissible when the fetus is found to be sick or disabled.

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This is a high percentage in Taiwan. And Korea and Vietnam. And tie. This is a when abortion is permissible, abortion is not permissible in any case.

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Is this is a very high percentage in Philippine and memo.

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This is a, Next question, feeling about children with disabilities, L in a child with a disability is a burden.

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This is a very high percentage in Korea and Japan and Taiwan. Here And this is a feeling about children with disabilities.

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Anxiety are anxious about the future of children with disability. This is a high percentage in Vietnam, Taiwan and Thai and Japan.

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This is a feeling of children with disabilities are a gift. This is and this shows that the high percentage in pretty PIN.

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And children with disabilities are children with special talents. Also, this shows that the high percentage in Philippine and low percentage in Japan and Korea and Thailand and Taiwan, Vietnam and so on.

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Cool. Sorry I have time. I have no time.

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Also the survey asked about attitude to disability attitude to family life and science experience of any reason for primitive testing and consults.

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This report focuses only on attitude to abortion and attitude to perinatal testing. There are issues to be addressed in the future.

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Thank you so much.

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Thank you very much. So I hope to say each percentage speaker has 15 min post. Is the siteboard.

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Is mathematicians and I don't assist in collective motions of male activity in elections. So thank you very much for your kind introduction.

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So I'd like to start my presentation by saying how pleased I am to be able to speak. Here in Paso in Melbourne today.

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So I'd like to offer my presentation titles assisted reproductive technologies prompted by subjectivity in production.

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So let me start with a discussion between a production man. Have you ever thought about the relationships? And reproduction.

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I'm pretty sure you don't have much experience about that. So why? Because

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The production is assumed to be A woman's issue already remains issue. So it's natural for everyone to think that men's reproduction experience is a contradiction.

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Not just a contradiction in terms. But also it sounds Arabic Patriarchical or outrageous idea Therefore, it's also understandable that some feminists oppose thinking about the relationships between man and reproduction.

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Hey, insist that if we think about the relationships between them, causes and unwelcome intrusion.

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Into women's reproductive, the productive experience it. However, let us consider this issue from a different perspective.

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As I say to the productive technologies, ART, is the issue raised here. So many are increasing approaching reproduction as active participants.

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And medical practice increasing Increasingly sees men as participants in the production. So as a result of A, A and B, number one and number 2.

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So disconnected relationships between man to production has emerged. As a subject for investigation. So this is a massive change in past, isn't it?

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So the question of this presentation can be stated as a follows. With widespread use of art IRT disconnected or reconnect.

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The relationship.

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So art has 2 effects. Disconnecting men from reproduction and reconnecting them. Let me explain what this means.

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Look at this figure. Hey, it illustrates the sequence of reproduction. He has something to think about.

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Adamantages and or these elementalities of discussing 1 2 3 and 4 separatory. Some scholars say separating each face is useful.

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The Japanese famous Feminist, they insist that art is an option for starting a new family.

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They also take a very powerful position on the following. Let's say child bearing. The anonymous spam donation.

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Absence of a further figure or and both by surrogate mother to name a few. As I same time, art has a tendency to reinforce the existing existing unit.

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Of the mayor and the female couple. We are more than family gnomes and broad relationships. As a VOB.

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EARTH has 2 effects to disconnect men. From reproduction and to reconnect them.

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Even before the use of art became widespread, the presence of man is a reproductive process was acknowledged.

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But at risk in Japanese context, half century it is not this. It has not discussed seriously so far.

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I direct your quote from the writings of a reading Japanese feminist. I pregnancy is a situation involving both women and men.

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But after time passes and Sir Ryan has been crossed. The physical condition of pregnancy is removed from its context.

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And deemed to be something that occurred inside a woman's body. At this point, Mayor Employment is quick query erased.

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Ehara, she is one of the top feminists in Japan, goes on to point out that while pregnancy should be constructed.

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As a social program involving both male and female bodies. Even feminine salt and social conventions.

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As well. Construct it as if. It was a program on of the only female body. Japanese families also shows that they are factions that want to incorporate men into reproductive salary and others they want to exclude them.

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This presentation examines our former position.

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So let me talk about overview and the purpose of the interview survey. My question here is, what gender norms?

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Guys the empowerment of stakeholders and doctors in reproduction. I've already written several papers on this issue which is mayor, stakeholders, gender notes.

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So let's skip to the conclusion.

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So, Conclusion, given that there will become a parent to the child in phase 4. Tapres are all apparent as an equal.

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To the pregnant mother in phase 2 and phase 3. But I don't have any idea what medical professionals who use art think about this issue.

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So, we did, we've done the Sam Sorry. How do How do medical professionals who use art think about relationships between man and reproduction?

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Do they keep the existence of men in mind during the daily practice at especially phase 3 and 4? Let us consider the example of an attractive abortion.

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Especially after a predator screening. So, So I'm a subject to help our starturation and gynecologist.

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So, active abortion tax price in 3.

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You can see the in the figure this is a phase at which the relationship with man has been questioned the list so far.

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The absence of man has been seen as a program.

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This is phase 3.

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So all of these are the case in Japan. The counting of pregnancies in Japan is different from that in Australia.

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Starting United States as well. Japan starts counting. Concerning pregnancy time. From the date of the last ministerial period.

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So which is a month. In Australia, it is 9 months, right? So what is important to note about what this figure shows?

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Is that a decision to consider abortion after predator diagnosis Well, almost certainly lead to a mid-term abortion.

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So the difference between ARI and midterm abortion. So there are a lot of differences. In many aspects aspects as follows.

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So technology safety, blah blah blah to name a few. So let me give you a head to start on the findings.

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From the analysis of the entire data. The medical practice of involving man in predator screening emerges.

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From the doctors narratives. Especially in duration to parental screening, assigning roles to the husband, notification of disability.

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And a subject in the decision.

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So now let's move on to the analysis of specific data. Below 2 character characteristic narratives.

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So, D, 12 stands for the doctor. To Europe. And as he says, I'm pretty annoyed by husband who say I'll leave it to my wife.

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That's bothered me when I asked Ask them and what do you think Mr. So and so and he said let's let my wife do what right for her.

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I don't think it's right for them to say.

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They leave it to her. Since that Reeves are with the front of the decision, it feels like C is left being Z one.

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Who has to make the final decision. So I really think that it isn't a good thing to say.

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I direct them to share that. In the end, it's a ooman. Who have to go through had sip.

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With whether they be a child or not and I think that women are taking the brunt of it for lack of a better world.

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So I answered, that's probably leaving the decision making to you men. I wonder if that pushing the responsibility onto them.

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And the doctor replied, They had something about that I don't like.

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So the above statement gives us an idea. Of the medical professionals known. That man should be involved in the reproduction process.

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So, and the second narratives. I, I questioned. I thought you explained that really well.

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Do you have a lot of couples together or is it just a mother or just a pregnant woman? Dr.

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11 answered, yes well since COVID it has Often just being a mother, the number of couples who come together has dwindled.

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Before many couples come together for checkups and pregnancy examinations. So I was able to talk to them about it and say, well, the next time you come I drag you to come with your husband and listen to what I have to say.

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Some of the patients themselves say. Say that they have the husband to come with them to listen to their stories and we sometimes have They have risen together.

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If there is something unusual, especially if there is empty thickening, it will represent the possibility of being feared at disabilities.

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I invite the husband to come as well. I invite him and talk with him. So I ask again as a doctor you would say that it would be better if the husband was with them.

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Dr. Reprise? Yes, because this isn't something to take on around. When I talk to doctors at various hospitals, I found that some of them are of the opinion that it is up to the woman.

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To decide whether or not to use an IPT or to give us. And doctor says, I think that's cold.

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It can't be like that. It just can't be. Because you don't always them all by yourself.

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Some of would say that I think they are downright cold. See, our statement also gave us an idea of the medical professional norms.

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That men should be involved.

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So summarizing my presentation. My theme for this presentation is about the issue surrounding mang and elective abortion.

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So the findings of our summary can be derived from doctors narratives as follows.

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Redefining reproduction as an issue for couples through medical practice. Specifically, they are as follows.

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One, gave her husband a law. During pregnancy time. He should be a party to the process and share in the decision.

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And second, notification of disability and subject in decision making. It's not something that Mazards should face alone.

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Because they are not raising the child alone. Here from the standpoint of gender studies A point of contention emerges that should be discussed.

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Which is an issue of how we discuss the reproduction. How should

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How should sociology and gender studies interpret existing medical practice?

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Especially controversies and issues arising from their connection between man and reproduction made by I made it possible by art.

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So in a nutshell, How should we discuss decision making as a couple? It's a really tough question.

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To tucker weight. So we will continue to think about this.

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And this is my latter's right, last but not raised. We plan to conduct a summary on reproduction in Australia this year.

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If you are a researcher or a student, whatever. Could help us or if you are interested in our research project where you would be really happy If we if you could help us or if you can accommodate with us We are looking for collaborators in Australia.

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Thank you. That's all for my presentation. Thank you for listening.

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Thank you for your presentation. So I'd like to work on the so speak for That's 4 son.

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Separate the definition is how do the ICP affect through the discuss on it when we have rights?

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Okay, thank you. So I'm so my name is at Gosano and I'm conducting research on the competitive studies between Germany and Japan.

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Come as now. Okay, and today I'll talk about the topics together in so technology and abortion.

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And first of all I mentioned I've changed the cells and I will change the titles rightly from so ICT and effect through the discourse to the technology of it to the discourse.

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That is why I am to explain later.

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So this is so timeline of today, but it is normal timeline. So from the time limitation, I understand here only today's hypothesis.

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As scientific and technological atmosphere. Can't trigger the creation of a new abortion framework respecting women's self-determination.

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Actually, it is already happening now in Germany and then my question is so actually so but and also the there's some some possibility also in Japan happening.

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And this is the background of my so original soul is this program, but it's original. This is a chat to explain the background and why I presented this dis at Brown.

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And jumping to the point, there are 2 common issues of both countries in the Gerald with preinator, diagnostic and abortion.

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The first the abortion that pro-prication of the abortion has prepared in the panic code, which gives the reason the whole expense should be in the panic code, which gives the reason the whole expense should be paid, not covered by health insurance.

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When women want to choice abortion by their own will. The second point is between 10 and 60 pregnancy weeks which split NATO broadcasters and APK.

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So each year as the less risked amusement is so possible and it requires more conditions. Economic current and illegal alone.

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And when they decided. So let me explain the chart more detail on the number in the left most crumb on the table indicates the weeks of fluency and the NPT is available from so 10 to 60 week this is a common in both countries and in Japan the number of excessive facilities and their cost changes to Rascally after tour week.

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That means the midtowns. And so in addition, after 12 weeks, a pasta ruins is provided by the health insurance.

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He has status to government, but it's of course at first insurance. And which can be paid also in the case of sterples.

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So that means so also the abortion by woman's will is regularly possible up to 22 weeks but beautiful non economical point one maybe host to wait until 12 weeks and this could be put a greater value or mother physically and so also that spirit psychologically.

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So the in in Germany on the other hand The abortion by self determinism. So I interpret here, it's here as an abortion with all related consultation, 3 days before.

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So it is up to 14 weeks. So if they miss this period, it would be conducted only from medical reason.

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And who the expense of all by health insurance however it requires the constants of 2 doctors so it's very hard to be additive or what they have to go in as a country.

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So that much cost. Though to stand up with it so in Japan and Germany if one want to pay home was to self-determined abortion.

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The one is the period of NMRPT is available or because of the result of an IPT, they face more legal and economic conditions.

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And this a box generally thinking of the claim of the abortion. Low in pennel code or how to provide a care and service regarding abortion in medical system.

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So it is nice to framework. But however, the station is already changed. And so because the station in Germany has already changed the item so which so prohibited doctors from so providing information that the advertisement of abortion is already banned.

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A medical doctor, Dr. Matt Kristin Kennel, was fined because she mentioned about the abortion over her clinics website and she took her case to the code and in the meantime as she was attacked by an anti-abortion group online.

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And on the other hand through the undercopter 19 the terror medicine is spread and list of doctors which provide abortion also on the website provided.

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So it is true. So the characterization accelerates that change of abortion law and abortion in Germany.

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And that is why I changed the title of this of today's representation. And using the world technology.

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Which can be so more inclusive with the so NOPT and ICT and Lisa's questions as well, so NOPT and ICT and ICT and the research questions as well.

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So past contradictions as well. So first contradictions have MICHAELS. So has contradictions have MS image so as contradictions have MS image so between the registration and the reality or if the interviewer are always with doctors and what is the primary topic so with the discussion in both countries and but the key issue in using over

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aprano technology while respecting human self-determination.

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And, they're using the question seats, this theory is in Christian state, the same structure, so interviews with certain Japanese and several German medical doctors.

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By snowball finding and analyzed by mass QDA as well as using so official documents and the media report as a difference of background information.

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And in the case of Germany But so before going to the analysis of interview, let's check the Germans to paste what was written regarding abortion.

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The first point of the lead up here over 298 which prohibits the providing information of abortion by doctor and it is always there's nothing.

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So a second point is now working on. So committee on labor productivity is set, but under which also discuss the removal of abortion law from Penelope.

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The discussion is more complex. No. And actually the abortion, the developer of a panel code is the demand of campus organization so Uma's movement.

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So they insist that the Prime Minister abortion as a crime causes system mobilization and online violence.

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So because abortion is still terrible and criminalised, abandoned over 298 as not so broad about any great improvements so that means doctor is now also afraid of providing information to political abortion.

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And also who owns the poverty so they are so very clear correlation between financial resources and contraception and there's so very clear correlation between financial resources and for contraception and because the safestIME financial resources and for contraception and because the safest financial resources and for contraception and because the safest

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concept types are extensible. So which means in the case of Germany, Chromium to economic economical perspective.

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So the UMA movement are demanding the better access of abortion and also the contraceptive and as an issue of the secretary project we have slides, so as our HR issue.

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And the background, so regarding the economic perspective, a researcher and so institute are also commented.

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It's the current interview and one of the coalition party so now rebel FDP like to use rights so of course economical reasons, they productivity technology.

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However, the researchers think very critical about it's discussing all together because it is discussing all together because it is a capitalism world and will be more complex about it's discussing all together because it is just capitalism world and will be more complex only on abortion.

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And also an activist to lurgano deiogenetic engineering argued so balancing between the sociopolitical David and so to say so asker aspect and introducing for health insurance to NAPT so which enabled people access with that cost so economical aspect so to say so balancing so escal and economical issue

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is so very so arguing and very difficult to issue is so very so arguing and very difficult to issue. So the activists said.

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So from the family's perspective, so to sum up with wish. So now to how to cope with the capitalism behind the technology is in question.

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And the, yeah, and how was the situation in Japan? It is so the conducted interview with the certain doctors.

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Saty's OPTANT. So on the basis of the comparison with Germany, I examined the code of the SRL and the Spotal Considence and the Penelope.

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So, Spot Security is recognized as a collision is recognized as a collision issue in Japan because it's reappeared historically recommended by because it's reappeared historically recommended by SIDER and it's reappeared historically recommended by SIDER and it's clearly disappearly recommended by CIDER.

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And it's clearly disappearing that so they feel they're confused with the word also economic reason.

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So which are often written in the paper or from the doctors who not find and conducted the abortion. Which I think the case this is acting so women's determination.

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The complex it is strange that the only those who have money can get NIPT and having abortion for economic growth.

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So it is the way to not find an abortion is done by a common reason or if so a economic reason it is not support either of them.

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So economic reason is used like the badgeforce and as empirical in the medical site or not the problem they are in Romania itself.

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And in the addition, some mentioned also about the SLSL issues. The same so phenomenal those in Germany.

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May, yep.

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So let's move to the analysis of suppose as scontans and pinnacles. So while almost all doctors are respecting women's self-determination, they have so various sort of opinion towards both our contest.

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And that's to request it to a woman. So from the legal reason to escape through themselves from crime.

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And they are also wondering, however, who you are aware of the solidation with Penelope.

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To,

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Maybe How can black whips?

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So to so far, maybe it was to.

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Sorry.

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To summer so far so basically they are distracting women's determination and have slow interest over SRHL and economical economic issue in common.

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However, some recognition and attitude towards Legos or contradiction in the Penelope is So now let's consider the research question.

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So Q one so contradiction be doing the legalization and solidarity and in Germany it is obvious.

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So it was caused by the destination, digitalization and began with the discussion about the doctor's basal ambiguous rule and sometimes a dangerous situation as contradiction.

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In Japan. So such contradiction and not appeared as Korea as in Germany. However, the Hunter interview related with an APT.

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They are wondering the interpretation of the economic reasons. So the kind of questions or regarding primary topic, so it's the obvious way in Germany to remove abortion low from pain and cause.

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So all of you were collected to this piano codes issue. So while in Japan, so concrete to legal contradiction.

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So as possible contents and economic reason are commodity however so less awareness relationship to the Penelope.

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So they had contradiction in the role. And to the standard application the key issue in using technology respecting with human self-determination.

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So interviewers in both countries agree that the practice of abortion should be subject to the human self-determination and connect it with also the SRHR, the economical issue, income.

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And this means that so a always spread to technology. And 2 items, so SRI GR and economic ratio is become more important.

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To respect Humans self-determination. So observed more details as the research and activities in Germany.

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So behind the widening so technology there is capitalism moving money and along with it so stakeholder tends to be wider and the discussion became more so complex.

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So we need to be more cautious about all the companies and so those economic should be passwords so like the case in Germany and you are in panic pinnacles.

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So to the conclusion. And techno so hypothesis is a technological atmosphere. Sequency advances can trigger the creation of the new abortion framework.

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Destructive ordinance has determination. So maybe the answer is yes. Because it might be the common point so new technology widens the stakeholder because of the economic merits and it requires new framework to include those new stakeholders.

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So abortion is not the expression from those feminine. And however, to lift up the human self-determination, they need to same condition.

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So they paying so attention to the capitalism behind the technology and concretely saying so ensuring the economic fairness to the woman, especially with unwelcome pregnancy in poverty.

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It is very important. So in addition, I stress on and it is a very scary. So it's maybe it's a discussion point and and the new leadership is in dispensable to create a new plan.

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So let me cause that mention of the abortion at the doctor in Japan. It's not so much about woman's life as about how to ensure that healthcare system.

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So mainly by some medical professionals. So I suppose it's hard criticism to male-dominated medical staff.

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So. And the same can be said in the slow ecosystem. So my conclusion is now, also the discussion point, technological adamas provide the scope of the discussion and also the stakeholder and makes other gender issue as humans like.

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Also intersectionally focused. So thank you for your attention.

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Thank you for your presentation. The next presentation we've made by It's for Sergano from second density and for the definition.

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. That's shows of of situations and advantages for preventative testing and a portion

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My name is Cisco Scanlan, of Saturn University. I will be giving a presentation titled Actitudes of Opester's and the Vicarages to at Trinidader testing and do abortion in Japan.

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Please.

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Okay.

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First, please let me experience a bigger system of abortion in Japan.

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Okay. Japan has an abortion law which has been in press since 1,887 to the present.

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The abortion crime prohibits the following crimes of abortion in part 2 as chapter 29. A primer of self abortion including abortion was constant.

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Is content causing death or injury. Emotion through professional conduct causing this or injury abortion result consent abortion, this or injury.

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Abortion result, consent, abortion result consent, abortion result constant causing death or injury.

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However, physician, qualified under the maternal protection law here in, referred to as a designated physicians.

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Can perform abnormalities and the following requirements. The maternal protection law is the modification of the Eugenie Protection Law.

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Actual fourteenth this United may perform another version on a woman who falls under any of the following items with the consent of the woman herself and her sports.

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Those who foods. Those who continued. Pregnancy or delivery is likely to cause serious harm to the mother's health for physical or financial reasons.

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Z pregnancy was caused by assault or intimidation or by adultery or was a A woman was unable to resist or refuse.

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At the constant set force in the preceding paragraph shall be sophisticated. Sufficient only for the content of the woman.

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Yeah, woman herself. If her spouse is unknown or unable to indicate his intention. Or if her spouse sister exists after the pregnancy.

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Besides, under both conditions abortion is allowed only up to less than 22 weeks station. I was on the koia means do not include feeder disease or disability.

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When screeninator tests in reviews feeder abnormalities abortion are performed for economic reasons.

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Programs with the regal system or abortion. There is no mention of sexual reproductive Harris and rights SRHL in the maternal petition law.

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The central guide Ryan essentially guide for this united designated doctors states abortion must not be performed at the request of the patient.

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Since Spozer and part our partner consent is a requirement for abortion if content cannot be obtained, abortion is not as possible.

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Most abortion are performed for financial reasons in which case his insurance is not varied and the cost is very high ranging from about 100,000 to again to about 2,000 200,000 tm.

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After 12 weeks of pregnancy made a term of pregnancy a lump sum churchbirds are no ones it's provided but whether this can be applied to I was shown for financial reasons depend on the personal judgment over the future.

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Of the physician.

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Next, I will discuss the types of monitor testing and time of testing.

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This is the overall picture of creditor testing in Japan. Ammonio sentence is the most common invasive test is definitive.

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That can be performed only after from 15 to 16 weeks. In a Pd and neutral transparency entity which are non-conclusive tests.

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Are relatively early but I'mmonia synthesis is necessary for the definitive diagnosis. So fiter diagnosis cannot be made early and motion is not possible underator.

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Besides, uterus sounds examination of frequently performance as part of maternal checkups. And morphological findings may detect fitter abnormalities in midterm.

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Thus, I, does, I like to focus on midterm abortion.

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I will explain a lot of what observation and gynecologists say about midterm abortion based on the result of the research.

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A conducted by my research group.

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He says question how do our solution and guide the colleges feel about performing midterm abusions 2.

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If they fear that Meetam abortion is better sum, what Why is that? 3. How do they feel about the relationship between midtown abortion and cranet circuits?

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Christine. Result. First, it represent the opinion that middle term abortion is a risk. Is it our stage there are many hospitals that are not very good at what they do and they are hospitals that only do abortions.

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In the midterm, there is a lot of bread rose and it's not possible with that maternity facility.

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To be honest, every time abortion can be done anywhere as long as there is an aesthetic and the press to do.

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To do it. I think any clinic can do it. Middle term abusions have to be done as if you are giving bus.

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I don't think there are 0 maternal deaths. So I think it is difficult unless a facility can cover that.

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Will and treat deliveries.

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Some doctor says abortion is a dirty job and that needs a large hospitals nor general practitioners who want to take it on.

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The biggest program is that University hospitals and college hospitals which are teaching hospitals don't do abusions.

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It is as if they are saying my hospital is not a hospital that does abortion. University hospitals do abortion when there is a medical reason.

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Such as a serious hard condition that would endanger the mother's life if pregnancy were to continue.

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University hospitals do not perform abortion that not when in are not medically indicated. Also, General Participant as the General Frocker cannot perform such abortion either.

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The main focus of the general practitioner is to say congratulations on the vault on the bus of a US jury.

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So they don't want to do abusions. Therefore, I mean that therefore medium sized hospital like ours has no choice But to do something that everyone else does not want to do.

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One vision at the right hospital is that platform predator testing and IPT says that abortion due to feeder disease is a total care procedure.

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I believe that we must have a system that can provide the total care. There are very few facilities that that performs midterm abusions with a term of midterm abortion is a risk factor because it is the same as shared bus.

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When, when, abortion is performed because of heater illness, People sometimes ask, why such amid the Thomas?

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I wish one is performed but I want to provide total care including abortion.

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One physician must mention the size of the fetus. This doctor's clinic does not have in patient facilities and can perform abnormalities abusions if the pregnancy is less than 12 weeks But she only accepts abortion until 10 weeks.

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The baby is getting bigger at even weeks. The baby is getting much bigger. So at 10 weeks it is about 3 cm in size, but at 11 weeks it is 5 centimetre.

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I don't want a baby to be more invasive. So I have decided to keep it to 10 weeks.

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One doctor says that in the middle term still was certificated and the weight of the life is different than the the early stages.

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Conclusion. The perceptions at the meet me with the term abortion after 12 weeks the station is a delivery and high risk is based on the size of a feeders and and amount of the bread rose according to the doctors narrative but it is possible that the Oh yes, the, features is human being.

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Access to ARI abortion is easier than before, but access to mid-term abortion is increasingly difficult because of solution and gynecologist hospitals to have inpatient facilities decreasing.

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Doctors for Performed predator testing and provide extensive counseling of fetal disability or evenness do not necessarily perform midterm abusions.

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In fact, the languages tend to be true. There is a share the perception a perception among over solutions and gynecologist, the abortion procedure dirty work or dirty job.

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The grow the pros and cons of having different positions perform creator testing and diagnosis. And those who perform abusions need to be examined.

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Thank you for your attention.

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So the next presentation by Eugene Gideo is pre-recorded video.

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I'm Alisa. My presentation is about how I run the temperature.

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You have, my presentation.

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I'm Alisa.

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You, I'm Alisa Drew at the National Museum of Essenology in Japan.

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My presentation is about how Iran attempt to avoid stigma on disability and to gain his Abortion was not about the past care for a long time in Europe.

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Because of the pinar code. Since the 19 sixties abortion at the rest in several weeks of jestation have been realized.

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Or by 19%. Or abortions in high income countries are performing at rest and trade weeks.

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2012, Deborah job positions save a portion of the reproductive healthcare. Abortion was a hasskin to the inclusion of abortion in Durotheeska without a criminal sanction.

347
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Chance of her patients or doctors. Case it's handled by the European Court of Human Rights and the UN.

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Assad that abortion It's a human light related to the health of the permanent person during the fetus as a hotter abnormality.

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So the public, and these are teams. So prenatal diagnosis is not widely repairable. And has never been covered at the public expense as a screening major.

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Hi about the hair socked about Washington includes cases where as a Quality Organization. So this presentation highlights the issues and the challenges associated with abortion based on status by following the Irish process of developing legalisation to provide abortion as a form of and your body is stigmatizing people with disabilities.

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In Japanbo showing it's cream now However, to act. Or his car or economic grounds. Or in cases of forced a six-year intercourse due to assault or suite.

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After having the consent of the past on herself and hospitals based on the decision by a doctor.

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That guy's right, it's called the Essential, Designated, the Medical Opera-conditioners.

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States Delta Medical Authority to meet others and abortion cannot be made if he refused at the request of the patient.

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However, in the case of abortion that they're degrading the physician may refuse if they consider no considerations.

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As a specified in the modern room. Vomit. To the Ask you. Oz-text portrait on the state that in the case of an party is fertile and almost all are chosen abusions.

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However, in the report on abortion practices have been due to the professional governor economical lands are chosen.

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Teams. The offences against all the past and octated during the period or you did came with them over with Britain and Iran.

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We had abortion criminals.

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Ali Khan was at in 1983 and the light to right off the fetus was ancient in Article 43 of the constitution this art or hectare.

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Quoted the life of the pregnant person with the life of the whitest thing but at least 170,000 people to.

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UK for abortion.

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The hairs Act, 28.

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Exams abortion by the pregnant women from or criminal penalties. And legalized abortion before 12 weeks after 2 weeks.

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If there is a risk of serious harm to and the requirements. Regarding the conditional depicts upon it.

366
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The cost of abortion is included within public expenditure hybrid How are about intentional recombination? That I have of the future so as to measure punishment.

367
01:08:06.000 --> 01:08:22.000
The process of a passing with Irish abortion law. The Joint Committee on the of the Constitution. You's in part 2017 recommended that abortion be legalized on the ground of state as if it deserts.

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In this before or surgery of October and that no matter I would not be required.

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And in March, 2,018 Iron, lot for the convention on the light. Or a person with disabilities.

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Which was, Yeah, uninocumment for the haystock. 28. In September 2018 the mini-stop who has to insert the more constructive race.

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This of the features before or within 28 days or worse. He said, who I don't have no idea or the department from disability.

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Ends up there must be a specificified and period by setting 28 days Beyond attempting an attempt was made to distinguish more clearly between the severity of a person and a manure job of it.

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And to avoid adverse impacts on people with this

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The 20 levels Spanish review was the fastest CRPG recommendations that referred to abortion on the ground.

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Poet or disability.

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01:09:47.000 --> 01:10:09.000
In Spain. Includes 2 specific cases we are in the time limits abortion. I extend it if you don't feed as hard as Let's see how the thing they had identified the measure of Quantum we are using which of pregnancy can be terminated.

377
01:10:09.000 --> 01:10:27.000
Based solely on disability. And the general principle and obligation. Seminal recommendations were made to Hungary in and Austria in 2,013 under equality and non-discrimination.

378
01:10:27.000 --> 01:10:33.000
Z. It was the UK. 1,900, and, 17.

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Also, undecoracy and non-discrimination. So the committee recommends that. The state partner meant it's abortion.

380
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Because women's rights to reproductive and sexuality should be picked it without legalizing selective abortion on the ground.

381
01:10:51.000 --> 01:11:04.000
Great dog. Deficiency. The changes mention respectable remains rights due to this April load active and sexual autonomy and does not use the word in severity.

382
01:11:04.000 --> 01:11:12.000
Be sobbing itself for this. Why is the town celebrated disapproval and reproductive light?

383
01:11:12.000 --> 01:11:21.000
I think it's because the joint statement for guaranteeing sexual and the product has and rights for all women.

384
01:11:21.000 --> 01:11:32.000
In particular when I was with this How's announced. Bye, Set down and share. It published.

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01:11:32.000 --> 01:11:42.000
2018. And other rest there are remaining gaps in access to sexual energy productive house and rights for women.

386
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So, They said a human light based approach to a section and reproductive health technologies that women decisions on their own bodies are personal and private.

387
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And places the autonomy of the limbs at the center or top policy and lawmakers related to sexual and reproductive health services.

388
01:12:06.000 --> 01:12:18.000
Including abortion care. Air surpluses and abortion laws. That parapetra to deep rooted stereotypes of stigma and my women's reproductive autonomy and the choice.

389
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And they should be rep. Because they are discrimination.

390
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In the convention on the right of person with disabilities. The article dealing with national registration on abortion on the ground of water disability has moved from general principles and obligations to equality and loan discrimination and avianism.

391
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This is the result of a safety in perspective around that treatment of normal rates of fetus sees to addressing the project judges and stereotypes that people hold.

392
01:12:56.000 --> 01:13:06.000
About the memories as they had acted in the joint equalization of

393
01:13:06.000 --> 01:13:26.000
So if we go back to the digital changes in The world's DISABITY ABOUT DomORGEY AND EMPLYMENT Do not appear in the but the clinical righterites of the Royal Society of Medicine in Iran published See my continuously with the information of dogs.

394
01:13:26.000 --> 01:13:42.000
Define condition. All Peters, The report of the health service executive in Iran pointed that on the 4 hospitals performed abortion on the ground for extra conditions.

395
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And March, Disciple, AI, team, debut the Levenance is for Tamination.

396
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Which is not required by law. That is there is a prolonged evaluation period and cheating effect on communication.

397
01:13:59.000 --> 01:14:08.000
The Bretchio Crisis, the as not having introduced legal requirements. On the grounds of water employment.

398
01:14:08.000 --> 01:14:16.000
But illegal abortion is a better approach. You can definitely feed us is judged to have a harder opportunity.

399
01:14:16.000 --> 01:14:27.000
However, because Iron has not created criminal sanctions. The least collective operation of the 28 day 20 days a day.

400
01:14:27.000 --> 01:14:32.000
Probably Japan has made it difficult for domestic medical institutions to provide abortion.

401
01:14:32.000 --> 01:14:44.000
The poem are always abortion. Go up to 22 weeks. Its borderline job function however it is not regarded as part of her skill under the legal system and its procedures.

402
01:14:44.000 --> 01:15:05.000
Prevenant individuals cannot decide on the treatment of their body. I was showing it. Doubly pardoned by the stigma associated with in criminal law and risks using economic grounds.

403
01:15:05.000 --> 01:15:26.000
In Japan rather than being specific and too restrictive as in Iran's the current law makes the pregnant persons of most choice I think go along by using ensuring that abortion based on water status is accessible.

404
01:15:26.000 --> 01:15:33.000
Monsieur, and, yeah, is necessary. To respect the body.

405
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My presentation.

406
01:15:37.000 --> 01:15:50.000
And thank you very much.

407
01:15:50.000 --> 01:16:03.000
So I welcome the next presenter, Grinder Di.

408
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Do I use the arrow for the next slide?

409
01:16:11.000 --> 01:16:21.000
Sorry.

410
01:16:21.000 --> 01:16:28.000
Oh, my name's Durinda Tahar. I'm from Perth in Western Australia.

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This presentation I've called visualizing relation autonomy in abortion decision-making is what is part of my PhD research but I that has been completed.

412
01:16:40.000 --> 01:16:50.000
Earlier this year. So just quickly, oh no, that's down, nope. Hey.

413
01:16:50.000 --> 01:16:58.000
Sorry.

414
01:16:58.000 --> 01:16:59.000
Just as a quick outline, I'll just briefly give you a little bit of information about my project.

415
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I also had a method which I called Mad Maps which I'll describe to you and I'll give you 2 examples and then talk about relation autonomy which is how I chose to interpret them.

416
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So this is an outline of my project. I did 20 narrative interviews. Which and in these interviews I explored the with the participant their experience of the decision-making process.

417
01:17:25.000 --> 01:17:33.000
During the interviews. Oh, I was particularly interested in the relationship between agency autonomy and decision making.

418
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I did note in one of the presentations earlier that somebody did mention and I don't remember which one's sorry about the influence of others in the decision-making process and that's particularly what I was interested in.

419
01:17:46.000 --> 01:17:59.000
So narrative interviews isn't that complicated. However, drawing the mud maps, I just will be explaining that a little bit more and as information I have published in this handbook if you are interested.

420
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So the method of mud maps

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Even though there is has been a long history of indigenous people you know drawing on cave walls or in the snow or dirt, etc.

422
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The actual term mud map is a particularly Australian term. It comes from it has a different origin and it comes from when the time when travelers used to just Meet accidentally in the outback and then they will tell the tales of what had happened in the past where they'd come from and then they'll sometimes draw a little map in

423
01:18:28.000 --> 01:18:36.000
the dirt and explain oh this and this happened there and then the other person would say oh that happened there and it'd be kind of this collaborative

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Sharing of journeys. I just on the side drew a quick mud map of my trip to the from the hotel to the convention center just to show you how it works.

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So you can see you've got the big long road that's actually Spencer Street going down the middle.

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You got my hotel and I would walk down and there'd be a Korean restaurant, there's a Vietnamese restaurant, there's a kebab shop and then you'd get to the river which is just outside here.

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There's the 2 tram stops there and then you get to the convention center. So as I'm telling you this, you know, I might tell you, oh this and this happened, I saw this happen on the river or whatever, right?

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And then you might interject and go, oh yeah, I've been to the Vietnamese restaurant last time I was here in Melbourne and you tell me a story about that and that's how a mud map works.

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As you can see, scale and accuracy is not important. I don't even have all the roads coming off this street in there.

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So that's not the importance of this in the mud maps. It's more the landmarks and the features that I'm putting on there which are important to me and then you can also comment on them and give your input into this this map.

431
01:19:39.000 --> 01:19:47.000
And it's particularly those 2 features that were important for me in asking the participants to draw a mud map.

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01:19:47.000 --> 01:20:01.000
Particularly that scale and accuracy and so when I interviewed them they first share their narrative so I got a sense of what was happening they talked about people and then I would get them to draw their mud map.

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And sometimes I would ask like if they didn't put somebody on there that they had mentioned in their narrative and in that way it was collaborative.

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I'll remember what they had said and asked them, oh where does that fit or something like that?

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And so the way I did it was that I would give him a blank piece of paper. First they would put themselves on the paper.

436
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Usually that was in the middle. Wasn't always but you most often it was in the middle and then I would ask him about those people that they talked about in their narrative and then again Scal and accuracy wasn't important if they were really important to the and influential in the decision, they'll put them closer

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to themselves and if not or if they'd been excluded even they would like push them further out to the edge of the paper.

438
01:20:43.000 --> 01:20:48.000
Sorry, let me share.

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Some mud maps with you. This is Jen's as you can see by the name on the top.

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So Jen had a tries to meet 18 pregnancy. This means that the feed has had I believe I'm correct here.

441
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3 chromosomes at number 18 instead of the usual 2. And the result of this kind of disability and abnormality is that the pregnancy is not considered viable.

442
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And the fetus really this is what survives to full term. Pregnancy and if it does survive and it is born live it doesn't usually survive long maybe a week.

443
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So with this diagnosis you can see that she then went into DC- process. What do we do?

444
01:21:31.000 --> 01:21:39.000
So what's interesting about her mudmap is that she has placed herself and her partner and the obstetrician.

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Kind of equally in the sense of the decision making. Process and I would say that this kind of this conceptual configuration where all 3 parties it's not just the 2 which you know you would kind of expect the woman and her partner.

446
01:21:54.000 --> 01:22:04.000
Which is what makes this really interesting. So because it was a tries to me, 18 pregnancy. She gave the equal weight in the decision-making process to the obstetrician.

447
01:22:04.000 --> 01:22:09.000
So for instance she said to me, are the physician advised the optetric obstetrician advised?

448
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Advisor termination and yes so it was a bit sort of cut and dried really. The decision was a little bit out of our hands.

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And then what's interesting is that she placed all of her family and friends. In-laws as well, they were equidistant from herself.

450
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So it's kind of like you can visualize this circle of support that she had where They weren't given advice, she didn't ask for advice, advice came from obstetrician.

451
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She wasn't asking for advice but she did get support. So she said, I don't know that anyone was necessarily involved in the decision.

452
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I guess they were told about it and that their support was appreciated.

453
01:22:51.000 --> 01:23:01.000
So the second example is from Liz. She has very tiny handwriting so I'm not sure how well you can read it but I will point out the important bits.

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So what I want to point out in Liz's mud map is the arrows which she's drawn and you can see that she's drawn arrows going from the clinic.

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She's got herself in the center, arrows come from the clinic and her friend which is very tiny on the left.

456
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The arrows go to her and then the arrow goes out from her to her husband.

457
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So she saw information from the clinic in the first place. And that I think took precedence over her husband.

458
01:23:33.000 --> 01:23:34.000
So in Western Australia in order to get a Medicare rebate you need to go to the general.

459
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In order to get a Medicare rebate you need to go to the general doctor. You need to go to the general doctor first, your general practitioner first, to get a referral to have an abortion.

460
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. First, your general practitioner first to get a referral to have an abortion. So Medicare is the federal government.

461
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If you follow this process you can get a rebate from the Medicare you have to pay up front but you can get a rebate which covers about half and I think it's about $300.

462
01:23:58.000 --> 01:24:17.000
So out of pocket. Initially is a approximately 6 700 I've heard 8 occasionally. Have a for Liz, she was quite impatient to get all of this sorted and she had the material financial means to just sidet the doctor and go straight to the clinic.

463
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Ment she didn't get a rebate but she was prepared to do that.

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So for her, the main deliberation was whether to have a surgical abortion or a medical one and that's the RU 486 pills.

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And for this advice, she saw out her friend, which is the one in the left. Who had previously had an abortion.

466
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And the advice of the friend was to have a surgical one which would then avoid the mess and the longer process of a medical abortion.

467
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So having gathered this information, then Liz conveyed this to her husband and she said he was supportive and only said, oh whatever it's your choice.

468
01:24:53.000 --> 01:25:04.000
Echoing actually a presentation that we had earlier as well your choice I'll leave it to you I'll be supportive and he was like, yeah, no pressure either way.

469
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So in order to understand these relationships in decision-making, I've actually used a relational autonomy lens.

470
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So normally when we think about autonomy we think about it as you know very Western idea of autonomy coming from Kent which is really focuses on the individual as a free and individual who's separate from the social context.

471
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And able to make Just use reason and rationality in decision making processes. And the rationality frees the individual from external constraints, rules, influences that might otherwise shape the decision-making process.

472
01:25:42.000 --> 01:25:52.000
So, and these autonomous individual then has the ability to self-govern. And freely participate in public life.

473
01:25:52.000 --> 01:26:09.000
Through their own intentional action. So then further in this notion of autonomy, Mill in his book on liberty argued that the best outcome for an individual is when he and I deliberately say he because usually we think about male autonomy when we talk about this kind of autonomy.

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To choose his own life plan free from coercion and free from some sort of informal social control.

475
01:26:17.000 --> 01:26:26.000
The problem with this conception of autonomy is that it often places the autonomous freedom of the individual in opposition to their relational existence.

476
01:26:26.000 --> 01:26:42.000
And particularly for women, this can be problematic because of the values that 10 to be conceptualized as female values of interconnectedness, friendship and loyalty that are sort of like devalued and erase really.

477
01:26:42.000 --> 01:26:47.000
And so this view then tends to just take the woman out of her social setting and her social responsibilities.

478
01:26:47.000 --> 01:26:56.000
But the thing that I've found is that with the lived experience of the Neville abortion experience is that it tends to be very relational.

479
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As you've just seen from the mud maps, it wasn't just her. I did have one mud map where she was much more like this is my decision and kind of the husband was in the corner but in general it was not like that.

480
01:27:09.000 --> 01:27:18.000
So, particularly in health care, the concept of autonomy tends to follow a traditional approach.

481
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And really emphasising the individual making it making it 100% sure that it's their decision in whatever.

482
01:27:24.000 --> 01:27:31.000
It's not just abortion decision-making but also cancer treatments and palliative care that's those sorts of issues as well.

483
01:27:31.000 --> 01:27:39.000
And This has come about because of the potentially paternalistic relationship where the doctor just tells the patient what they should be deciding and tells the treatment that they could be having.

484
01:27:39.000 --> 01:27:53.000
But so to protect the patient then it's kind of been, that the role of the doctor is to give the knowledge, options but the role of a patient is to decide.

485
01:27:53.000 --> 01:28:09.000
And using rationality and free free free choice. Since instead of this I've come across this concept of relation autonomy, which is a feminist perspective on the individual self and how that individual operates within the social context.

486
01:28:09.000 --> 01:28:24.000
And this view of the autonomous self acknowledges the social embeddedness of the agent so that they're just acknowledging that their identities are shaped by complex social factors, for example, race class agenda.

487
01:28:24.000 --> 01:28:36.000
So instead of seeing these networks also like that as we've seen on the mud maps instead of seeing them as encumbering the individual from being able to make their own free choices.

488
01:28:36.000 --> 01:28:45.000
It's kind of seen as as a way that it shapes the individual. Which then shapes and informs their decision making.

489
01:28:45.000 --> 01:28:53.000
But it doesn't necessarily take away from their autonomy because of who they choose in this case who they choose to allow into that circle of influence.

490
01:28:53.000 --> 01:29:01.000
And I guess that's where a lot of the control is.

491
01:29:01.000 --> 01:29:09.000
So particularly, yeah, researchers have been concerned about, you know, where the women's experience and with the encounter with the medical.

492
01:29:09.000 --> 01:29:23.000
Healthcare system and you know you I'm sure you are familiar also like of you know stories about paternalism and and the ideas of generally if it's you know male doctors towards female patients.

493
01:29:23.000 --> 01:29:39.000
And. Feminists have long highlighted that the political and social contexts and expectations, you know, that that happen as with these encounters and that they shape the experience.

494
01:29:39.000 --> 01:29:42.000
Okay, so

495
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I would say then going back to my mind maps. Rather than resisting this surveillance or the input from the medical profession as you've seen from my madmaps, the, the participants actually actively sought information and followed the advice that was given.

496
01:30:01.000 --> 01:30:07.000
So, for instance, yeah, as I said, Jen gave the doctor equal displace in the decision-making trio.

497
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Not just, you know, that there was this information source, information head floating somewhere, but actually gave him a seat at the table.

498
01:30:14.000 --> 01:30:18.000
And I've, yeah, like I say, I've used relation autonomy to understand this.

499
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So rather, I don't think that we can read her mud-map to say that she would place herself subordinate to the doctor.

500
01:30:26.000 --> 01:30:39.000
I think it's really important that she gave him an equal place and That is why I guess it's important to think about relation autonomy that there is still that exercise of How she's going to go about this.

501
01:30:39.000 --> 01:30:50.000
And for Liz the active seeking information from the health providers at the at the clinic.

502
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So, just quickly in conclusion, I do present these mud maps as a way to visualize relation autonomy.

503
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So it gets what I've done 2 things to use. I've sort of talked about relation autonomies an alternative way to understand the experience of the decision-making process but I've also presented the mud maps as a method to actually visualizing and grasp because it's actually a very abstract concept.

504
01:31:12.000 --> 01:31:23.000
So. To try to grasp and visualize how this is actually happening. And I think that the drawings do give us a different understanding of autonomy than Kant's individualistic conception.

505
01:31:23.000 --> 01:31:42.000
Which as I've said excises this individual from the social and political setting. So it gives the participant the ability to choose who is part of the decision-making process and it also allows the researcher to examine the decisions you make in moment because I only examined this moment it was not a mud map of how they make any decision-making

506
01:31:42.000 --> 01:31:54.000
process. It was a decision-making process for this moment in their life. And, and at that moment is necessarily set within a social and political concept.

507
01:31:54.000 --> 01:32:03.000
Context sorry and that that context informs and shapes their decision-making process. So thank you, that's for me.

508
01:32:03.000 --> 01:32:09.000
It's in a window. So now, in a point. The discussion. Do you want me to give this?

509
01:32:09.000 --> 01:32:18.000
As English is not our first round rich for Most of us, including me. So I appreciate it if you speak.

510
01:32:18.000 --> 01:32:41.000
Slowly in plain English. So are there any questions?

511
01:32:41.000 --> 01:32:46.000
Yeah.

512
01:32:46.000 --> 01:32:53.000
Yeah. So thank you for the briefing and presentations and with the right from Greenland University from Hong Kong.

513
01:32:53.000 --> 01:33:01.000
So I really enjoyed the presentation. Thank you all the presenters. So I have, 2 questions and one comment.

514
01:33:01.000 --> 01:33:14.000
So the first question is for Dr. Seid Toad who I have connected right so I really appreciate that we try to bring in men to the reproductive equations.

515
01:33:14.000 --> 01:33:27.000
But then I would like to know more about your view. Because you're talking about the medical professional and how medical practices can invite men into the objective equations.

516
01:33:27.000 --> 01:33:41.000
Then for, like, like a feminist. And so that you know that Hermes always criticized the medical professional or medical contact they are really undermining a women's poem.

517
01:33:41.000 --> 01:33:50.000
So I just wanted to know your view about whether the medical context or medical professional can be capped to autonomy.

518
01:33:50.000 --> 01:34:01.000
Self-determinations as you mentioned. Point of women with you that from in there whether they were kind of or press women together at that contact with this question.

519
01:34:01.000 --> 01:34:11.000
And the second question is for Dr. Thank you. So I really like the comparative studies.

520
01:34:11.000 --> 01:34:23.000
And so I just wanted to know more about your view on digitalizations and abortion. So because I researched abortion in China and then the digitization.

521
01:34:23.000 --> 01:34:46.000
Actually feel the commodification and medicalizations of abortion. So, it's kind of, but not like after thinking that kind of that the trench range but then before digitalizations or the art like the internet give a platform for high affect hospital to market types of ocean services.

522
01:34:46.000 --> 01:34:57.000
So I just wonder if that's also happening in Germany and Japan or how the process of doing utilization are structured.

523
01:34:57.000 --> 01:35:08.000
By the social or culture specificity of regions to ask the second question. And then the first is a comment and this is for Dr.

524
01:35:08.000 --> 01:35:23.000
So I really love the concept of relation or autonomy but then as I'm researching things in China so as we talked about relationship a lot but then for like my context which is China or Chinese society in general when we talks about relations.

525
01:35:23.000 --> 01:35:36.000
Is often not reallyicted autonomy. It may be creating more constraint. In terms of finding your constraints or pressure from clear that not freeze with their families, from the husband.

526
01:35:36.000 --> 01:35:40.000
Or like now concept their partners or even peers. And, so this is kind of like a core member then also turned into questions.

527
01:35:40.000 --> 01:36:01.000
So whether or how I get your questions. So whether or how the realizations of relational autonomy is enabled or constraint by the persons of the because the social positions of the woman and the nature of the abortion.

528
01:36:01.000 --> 01:36:14.000
So if this is after the needle, there's a magical. Demand or like their Britons that kind of like more or less legit but then for like women that I interviewed which is on marriage women.

529
01:36:14.000 --> 01:36:19.000
But just don't want it to have a baby's too early so they have a lot of stigma.

530
01:36:19.000 --> 01:36:24.000
So that's no, yeah, to this.

531
01:36:24.000 --> 01:36:36.000
Okay, press some respect for me. I'm in.

532
01:36:36.000 --> 01:36:40.000
So thank you for asking the question Dr. Lai.

533
01:36:40.000 --> 01:36:50.000
So to answer your questions, there are 2 options. Firstly, So simply around subject is a couple who are going well.

534
01:36:50.000 --> 01:36:54.000
So in those cases

535
01:36:54.000 --> 01:37:06.000
They now,bing math in the production process. That's not threat of women's right. Because they are going well but well So, to be honest, I'm not pretty sure.

536
01:37:06.000 --> 01:37:11.000
It's they are not going well.

537
01:37:11.000 --> 01:37:21.000
Think there is possibility to the women's right. Cause simply because now in beds a right of men self-determinations.

538
01:37:21.000 --> 01:37:30.000
Okay. That ticket option is Actually, I think my interest is quite similar to Dr. Hart.

539
01:37:30.000 --> 01:37:34.000
So to.

540
01:37:34.000 --> 01:37:42.000
To illustrates the priorities. We need to incorporate.

541
01:37:42.000 --> 01:37:54.000
Action it goes Ultimate self-image, automatic stuff here is has the limitation to to discuss the productions.

542
01:37:54.000 --> 01:38:04.000
So, All my questions.

543
01:38:04.000 --> 01:38:16.000
Thank you for my question. As I give a question and actually so by to explain about the why the 290 a is replaced in Germany.

544
01:38:16.000 --> 01:38:43.000
It maybe so it just won to your question. And that it is to the discussion. The information or contents of the website is the information to the Lumas Digital or the Albertansment by or the doctor and actually in the room at 290 a originally prohibited the advertising of the doctor.

545
01:38:43.000 --> 01:38:50.000
A whip up that the delegation is proceeded and so also for the woman's right and this information is so very important.

546
01:38:50.000 --> 01:38:58.000
So the doctor insisted it is not advertising, it is information. To the support that we must write.

547
01:38:58.000 --> 01:39:16.000
And the discussion is began and the warning process of the code. And the at small surgery so they asked us to invest the 298 so for example through the contents and the current so at the protagonist because the world is changing.

548
01:39:16.000 --> 01:39:28.000
And also the and. So, Assembly, so that's the organization. The list of the abortion addicted to the doctors who collected abortion on the website.

549
01:39:28.000 --> 01:39:46.000
And, but that's because the gaps on the solution gap is those only appeared. So that they stern attention makes it so so to say so the program issue So, a more clearly thing to all.

550
01:39:46.000 --> 01:39:54.000
And maybe so let's do that's the answer to the question. Because at this relationship, so that's the information is hidden.

551
01:39:54.000 --> 01:40:14.000
The men so collective to the other resources as a Cool. I know that wasn't really a question, maybe a question maybe a coin.

552
01:40:14.000 --> 01:40:20.000
But yeah, I really appreciate what you have to say and I do take that there is tension in

553
01:40:20.000 --> 01:40:41.000
Dimensionality in that area. I guess I guess I feel that maybe we sick with that because I suppose I just remembered as you were speaking that there was somebody and who wrote an article about undue pressure or relation to them.

554
01:40:41.000 --> 01:40:49.000
And there's a lot of concern in the medical profession and it's not just with a washing decision making it's also cancer treatment and palliative care decisions.

555
01:40:49.000 --> 01:40:57.000
And how they're very concerned about Yeah, it's under pressure from family people and it has to be the individual who has to decide.

556
01:40:57.000 --> 01:41:04.000
But the problem is that the individual doesn't exist without the others. So how do you make that decision?

557
01:41:04.000 --> 01:41:08.000
Out considering what other people.

558
01:41:08.000 --> 01:41:19.000
And, and I think that that's a really good thing to think about and I'm wondering if maybe it is We just have to sit with and allow.

559
01:41:19.000 --> 01:41:26.000
I think it's quite important. World that to acknowledge that. Part of the autonomy then is allowing food.

560
01:41:26.000 --> 01:41:34.000
To into that decision making circle. And that's part of. The choice.

561
01:41:34.000 --> 01:41:43.000
I guess I've also read a little bit about that like what to think about what exactly do women want then in this decision-making space.

562
01:41:43.000 --> 01:41:51.000
And to think rather than that they want a decision. Autonomy as in like the individual I only maker.

563
01:41:51.000 --> 01:42:00.000
I guess that they do want others in there not to be told what to do but they don't want decisional isolation.

564
01:42:00.000 --> 01:42:15.000
And I think that's where. Before me in relation to Okay.

565
01:42:15.000 --> 01:42:24.000
Am a darling foundational at my university. Thank you very much for this fascinating panel. I learned a lot from all of you.

566
01:42:24.000 --> 01:42:30.000
And I have sweet passions. The first one is for Zeitas and say and I stole my questions.

567
01:42:30.000 --> 01:42:54.000
I think it's very important to have some cases which husbands and wives have conflicting ideas about the abortion which husbands and wife have conflicting ideas about the abortion.

568
01:42:54.000 --> 01:43:05.000
National policy or from the corporate corporate company policy that encourage them to participate in. The Prinetal Health Care.

569
01:43:05.000 --> 01:43:16.000
Yeah, another question is for Savannah. So you mentioned that the doctors tend to frame the doctors tend to frame the midterm abortion as risk.

570
01:43:16.000 --> 01:43:30.000
I wonder how you will analyze this force. Is it really risky or is this a kind of excuse that they present it as a technically difficult so that They don't want to perform it.

571
01:43:30.000 --> 01:43:37.000
So it's part of the, you say it's, They don't like the dirty work.

572
01:43:37.000 --> 01:43:45.000
So these 2 might be related. I wonder why you think about that. And so the last version is for a delta hub.

573
01:43:45.000 --> 01:43:57.000
I think the MARC map is really interesting. I want to use that too. But I wonder whether that sure compared with the Traditional interviews.

574
01:43:57.000 --> 01:44:25.000
Can facilitate your analysis of a ton of relational autonomy. For example, from the math I still see the most interview is draw the relations between their small circles, their actors and husband, but in real relational autonomy the national political and historic historical contacts are important but they are not shown in the Mac.

575
01:44:25.000 --> 01:44:35.000
So I wonder whether that's the strength of the man. Compare with the oral interviews. Thank you very much.

576
01:44:35.000 --> 01:44:43.000
So first, there's asked questions.

577
01:44:43.000 --> 01:44:54.000
Is just some additional questions to the whole panel. And my name is Anarchy from Oxford University, also Metropolitan University.

578
01:44:54.000 --> 01:45:03.000
Some of these presentations have been about the politics, you know, our politicians making decisions. Others have been about women making decisions.

579
01:45:03.000 --> 01:45:11.000
And then. Questions when it comes to this decision making? Have an area who have studied this comparatively.

580
01:45:11.000 --> 01:45:20.000
Also studied what are the policies. To, when it comes to Family to have a children with severe disabilities.

581
01:45:20.000 --> 01:45:31.000
Is there sort of a tendency that the most restrictions you have an abortion? The more generous services and benefits you have for families.

582
01:45:31.000 --> 01:45:45.000
Have children with disabilities. But is there no connection there? I would encourage a research on the amateur connection because we could argue that there are connections between these 2 sets of policies.

583
01:45:45.000 --> 01:45:51.000
And also that they're interesting to see the mudmap technology and methodology. I really got fascinated about that.

584
01:45:51.000 --> 01:46:00.000
But I've also noticed that there is no At least the examples you get, there is no examples that the women here in question.

585
01:46:00.000 --> 01:46:11.000
Sort of reflect on how been told about both art sort of the benefits available to services available for you. If your child is born with the disability.

586
01:46:11.000 --> 01:46:23.000
Does that suggest that you know this is not in, they're not in form about it or you know that information but it is not something that you know enters.

587
01:46:23.000 --> 01:46:30.000
Decision space as an appropriate question. To it is to, there's not so much I'm connected.

588
01:46:30.000 --> 01:46:38.000
Because one can imagine that, if a, if a company want to encourage women to have children also with disabilities.

589
01:46:38.000 --> 01:46:48.000
Then you know there would be an argument for having very generous systems for these people but then there'd also be a question of whether or not this is communicated to them in question.

590
01:46:48.000 --> 01:46:51.000
Before that decision is made.

591
01:46:51.000 --> 01:46:56.000
Thank you. So please answer.

592
01:46:56.000 --> 01:47:07.000
So thank you for asking questions. So first of all, I totally understand your consent. But and also I understand it is desirable.

593
01:47:07.000 --> 01:47:17.000
That even be able to make decisions on their own. My house. But at the same time I think in many cases The actual situation makes it.

594
01:47:17.000 --> 01:47:30.000
Korea, the husband and the other. Involved when she decides how to. So in order to describe the actual situations You guys on my own petition.

595
01:47:30.000 --> 01:47:37.000
I'm a regardless of my ideology. We have to. So as sociologists, we have to consider the presence on them.

596
01:47:37.000 --> 01:47:45.000
Presence of others. So Who's that the idea of relationship?

597
01:47:45.000 --> 01:47:48.000
Very difficult to

598
01:47:48.000 --> 01:47:57.000
Describe the actual stage of how she decides her decision. So that's the way I could also stress the existence of math.

599
01:47:57.000 --> 01:48:08.000
This is a lie.

600
01:48:08.000 --> 01:48:21.000
So thank you for your question. The Mediterranean abortion is the risky is That's true, I think.

601
01:48:21.000 --> 01:48:33.000
But as the doctors said, the that that the things beyond the necessity So the does it holistic effect to the uma?

602
01:48:33.000 --> 01:48:45.000
Who want to do a. So.

603
01:48:45.000 --> 01:49:02.000
So the questions both have been very interesting. To answer the first one about the Modern Apps and the social

604
01:49:02.000 --> 01:49:07.000
I just believe this is how I do it.

605
01:49:07.000 --> 01:49:10.000
So I didn't have time to talk about this really. So it's a really good question.

606
01:49:10.000 --> 01:49:19.000
But what I actually did is in the narrative we didn't only talk about people. So we also talked about what their values were.

607
01:49:19.000 --> 01:49:31.000
So how did they see motherhood? Well how did they think about careers? How do they remember thinking about these things as they were growing up, like what kind of norms were their parents teaching them about.

608
01:49:31.000 --> 01:49:40.000
The way their life was going to go, right? And so I also asked them to draw that on the thing and because of time I didn't have time to discuss that.

609
01:49:40.000 --> 01:49:50.000
So and that's the ones in the different color pen. So the blue in this case is the family and the network of relationships and then the green is those other ideas.

610
01:49:50.000 --> 01:49:56.000
And so particularly for this one then with Jen with the, it was a Trust Me, 18 pregnancy.

611
01:49:56.000 --> 01:50:01.000
Disability is obviously very important. That's why she put it very, very close. That was the main thing.

612
01:50:01.000 --> 01:50:10.000
I guess because as I told the narrative reasons for deciding This was came out, right? And so we explored those reasons.

613
01:50:10.000 --> 01:50:19.000
And so yeah, so the disability, the emotional and financial strain on the marriage then as a result of having a disability and those were her most important thing.

614
01:50:19.000 --> 01:50:25.000
Do you see how she's drawn social stigma but she said that wasn't as important for her.

615
01:50:25.000 --> 01:50:31.000
Like it was an element that was there but she pushed that further out. It wasn't that important for her.

616
01:50:31.000 --> 01:50:36.000
And if you look at the next one Again, the 2 different colors, right? Look, I do apologize that she wrote so small.

617
01:50:36.000 --> 01:50:45.000
So the most important for her are the ones which are closest to her and that was the lifestyle and she talked quite a bit about the impingement on her lifestyle.

618
01:50:45.000 --> 01:50:55.000
She was over 40 and maybe that's why. He was looking forward to say traveling more, etc.

619
01:50:55.000 --> 01:51:10.000
And those new things that can come. When you as you get older. Yeah. So yeah, so I did try to capture that and using the 2 different colors to separate those 2 ideas.

620
01:51:10.000 --> 01:51:19.000
And then going to the other one, the other question about the availability or services for disability, that's actually a really important.

621
01:51:19.000 --> 01:51:33.000
Thing to consider and I don't think that they are they are given those options II think it is just From what I gather, the I guess just interpreting the silence around services in their narratives.

622
01:51:33.000 --> 01:51:41.000
I'm interpreting that they're not offered. It's like, oh, this is, this is the disability that your child will potentially have.

623
01:51:41.000 --> 01:51:53.000
Therefore, this is the option. Yeah, and I do think that the disability rights side that they're unhappy about about this as well.

624
01:51:53.000 --> 01:52:09.000
Yeah, that the narrative around disability and the negativity around you know potentially carrying an pregnancies to full term that has a disability negatively impacts the disability rights side as well because of the views and the stigma then that it perpetuates.

625
01:52:09.000 --> 01:52:12.000
So yeah, good question. Thank you.

626
01:52:12.000 --> 01:52:25.000
Oh, thank you. It's time to. So thank you very much for the present. Contribution.

627
01:52:25.000 --> 01:52:34.000
So if you have any other questions, please interact informally and keep in touch. Thank you.