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Having a big return.

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Okay, thank you, And welcome everyone. Thanks for joining us today. And the theme of our session is people centric governance society and sustainable development.

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Before we go any further I'd like to acknowledge the First Nations continuing connections to country the country we meet on for this world Congress is called Naom.

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It is the home of the Kulin and Khuli nation, Waranjuri people and I pay my respects to elders past and present.

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The session is organized by, I think, Shruti. She's unable to join us today, but we have, people substituting and we also have some of our speakers present in the audience today.

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Maria, over to you.

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Good. Thank you. Thank you. I will see.

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Do you see my presentation on the screen?

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Yes.

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Okay, I will try. They told me to open. You know, another way. So we'll see.

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Okay. Well, I am Maria, and my colleague Kangneta soon. We have been cooperating for many years.

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In teaching and in research. Wait at organizational theory leadership and project management and we do research about cooperative enterprises.

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Our presentation today, it is about cooperative identity and corporate social responsibility. And we research regional cooperatives in Sweden.

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Those cooperatives They are, I will show you the map of Sweden. In Sweden and the university area is in Yevli.

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Is the name and those cooperatives they are in YEAH. For cooperatives.

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What we want to do we have done it is to analyze how corporate social responsibility motives contribute to cooperative enterprise legitimacy.

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We have 3 research questions. And they are about How cooperative enterprises meet members and local societies requirements.

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And how do they engage in responsibilities in global markets? How do incorporate social responsibility, engagement, LENGETY made cooperative enterprises?

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So this is the most important.

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The masters we use, it is a qualitative research method. We have 4 cases in 4 different sectors.

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And we contacted in the reviews. With then directors of those cooperatives. And 4 employees. Cool.

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And we also analyzed Combining documents. When we had the results of the interviews and then documents, we used thematic analysis.

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To analyze the results.

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Those are the cooperatives and the sectors they belong to. It is Coup, every tail, co-operative.

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A house in cooperative? And insurers co-operative. And companion, which is and developed an age co-operative and why we have a different kind of cooperatives.

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It is because they wanted to compare what they told us and to see if we can develop a theory about this issue.

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The theories we use, they are what, Hey, cooperative socialist possibility is and we go to L.

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Kington and borrow from him. And we say that there are responsibilities for actions that make the triple bottom line.

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What do you mean to integrate economic, social and environmental issues? In the operation of cooperative enterprises.

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Then we have the concept of stakeholders. And go and go to Feman who says who is a stakeholder to a business.

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And he says that she says that there are Good group or individuals who can affect or they are affected off the achievement of an organization's on reactives.

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And we also use the concept of citizenship. And we go to Vinda, where Queen Entertainment and to Canter.

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And citizenship is proactive reciprocal sustainability. Good for society from a holistic stakeholder perspective.

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Not only the stakeholders in the context, but a holistic one.

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Go you also go to another reception? All of us know about him. M don't free the man.

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Who stated that? Stayholder when we discuss about stakeholders. They are only the shareholders of a company.

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And he also says that corporate social responsibility The business, they have only one responsibility and it is to make profits for all negotiate orders.

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But they have to do it inside. The parameters of the law. They have to follow the law. So we have 2 different opinions.

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And I, when I go to cooperative enterprises, then it is very important to define a cooperative enterprise.

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And because co-operative and enterprise a co-operative is an autonomous association of persons.

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And this is very important to point out because it is very important to point out because it is very important to point out because it is not the capital.

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And this is very important to point out because it is not the capital but people who are most important. They unite voluntarily.

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They want to meet their common economic, social and cultural needs and aspirations. And the business they developed.

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It is jointly owned and democratically controlled enterprise. And this definition is really very important. As we can see that a cooperatives they follow they have some values cooperative enterprise and self-help and salvage was inability is important.

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Democracy and the equality and Equity and solidarity and there are some ethical values. And they are honesty openness, social responsibility and caring for others.

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Cooperatives. The most important is them we can say there are the members because the members in a cooperative, they are owners, they are the users and investors.

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And that means They have rights, but they have also obligations. Like to be an owner, give people the right to vote, but they have to.

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If they are the users and they do well. They have the right for dividends, but they have also the application to buy from the cooperative or to work in the cooperative or what they do.

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And if they are investors, the right for interest if or so goes well for the cooperative and the application to invest.

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Or maybe some cooperatives they have member fee.

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And so there are 3 kind of social responsibilities that theorists discuss. It is the co-operative in their digits stakeholder at citizenship.

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There are those definitions we use. And they also state the motives they have. When they are responsible.

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And we see that cooperatives, they have economic and social motives, they are people oriented. Membership and local support.

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Legendate the cooperative enterprise and the cooperative principles are very important. And who you also thought about limitations of all of that because all If all businesses, they do the same thing, then we have a so mortifies.

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Maybe later on cannibalism or what it can be. Stakeholders they also have economic and social motives.

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And benefits of shared interest. With that they legitimate the business but the problem is if there are 2 men stakeholders how they who each of them they should choose.

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The cities in shape, the motives are social. And they legitimate the business by all kind of partnerships they have but those partners they have unclear roles.

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We don't really know what they do and why they are there. But we combine all of that.

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And in our theoretical model, which is this one. We compile all of that. We have in the center the members.

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Owners investors and users and then we have the 7 cooperative principles that cooperative enterprises follow. And the connection with stakeholders because there are many stakeholders in the context of cooperative enterprises.

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And we have also the citizenship quad they can do. For the Global Society and who they should get help of like what kind of partnerships they should do.

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So the co-operative identity is here. It is the owners and all of that.

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When we ask those people we interviewed, they told us different things and as we wanted to have thematic analysis we could see that They discuss about responsibility to members, stakeholders, citizenship and even such kind of responsibilities that were not.

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They were not obliged to do. But they do. And, when we analyze all of that they told us.

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Then we find the following.

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We have 3 things. We could develop 3 themes. It is for local members, responsibilities for local society.

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And global citizenship responsibilities. They are those the themes we couldn't develop. Under each of the themes we put issues that were common.

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In the answers they gave us.

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Then we had to analyze those. Results. And we have done this thing. Great.

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Go ask, what do they really do to legitimate their business? And we use There's some concepts to put down what they do.

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And we see that they respond to local members. Like they could produce in your products, they were open, they used new technologies, networking.

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They collaborate with the local society in the context of the cooperative They want to build infrastructure. They have social sponsorship and green services.

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They thought among their environment and they wanted to work with people with different kind of disabilities. They also put pressure on citizens for global concerns.

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For example, If I want to recycle a bot. I have in my home and I go to the shop to do that.

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Then there are 2 buttons and one Give back the money to me. The other one I can push and button and then they send the money to poor countries or they plant trees in other countries.

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And they also have then strategic partnerships who they should support. And a lot of ethical investments. So 3 different responsibilities.

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Respond,ate and put pressure on citizens.

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Er, our empirical model then. It is almost like the other, but we have here. What do they really do?

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To legitimate the business? The first one it is to respond to members needs. What are the members who want?

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They have to collaborate with stakeholders. Around their context. And they have to choose stakeholders because they cannot cooperate with all of them.

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And then the last one, it is the citizenship. When they put pleasure. On different stakeholders. And they build many partnerships.

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To engage people in those activities. So who I say? We could see an emerging cooperative enterprise responsibility.

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And it is 3, there are 3 parts. Don't get, they make this emerging corporate social responsibility.

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Then in our conclusion And we try to see what and what really is corporate social responsibility in cooperative enterprises and we say there are activities.

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Integrating and and constitute part of the cooperative business. There is possibilities they have. They are rooted in the cooperative principles.

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And they enable and pleasure stakeholders for proactive and reciprocal engagements. For sustainable global citizenship.

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So it is not only the nearer context, but the global citizenship.

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And they do all of that, all of those activities to support members in local communities. By cooperating with stakeholders to linkate cooperative enterprises.

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Going back to our see a recent question, the theory say and we go to Milton Friedman who said that the responsibility, business responsibility is only to make profit.

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And we see that that is not. The case in cooperative enterprises, they have bro their stakeholder responsibility.

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Than freedman's accession as they work. Not only with the business, they are of course interesting in economic wealth, but they are interesting.

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In social wealth, they take care of other people. They take care of people. In other places and they cooperate with them.

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It is a reciprocal. Engagement.

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Is our contribution. I think that we contribute to with a unique model. We call it the HCP model.

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Respond, collaborate pressure. And we say that corporate enterprises embed corporate sociology responsibility as part of their traditional cooperative responsibilities.

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And that's strengthens their legitimacy. Both with members, with stakeholders. In their local but even in the global society.

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As the context around cooperatives changes. We also say that corporate social responsibility and cooperative enterprises is a dynamic, flexible and context related cost.

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And it's tied to different stakeholders, pleasure expectations. They have expectations on the cooperative enterprises and they also press them to do.

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So some things. So cooperative enterprises, according to our research, have to be highly responsive and adaptive to broad their context stakeholders.

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Which is totally different than What Milton Friedman. S.

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If we should say something about limitations. We have only 4 enterprises. They are only in Sweden.

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And we say that we need more in depth studies. It's Sweden in other countries. Car-national research, it shouldn't be really very interesting.

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If there are colleagues in other countries working with the same issues. So competitive studies in developing countries and the emerging market shouldn't be really a very interesting subject to do research about.

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And it is my presentation. Thank you very much. For your inverse to listen. And if you have suggestions.

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They are most welcome. And if you want to cooperate with us, You are also most welcome to write to us.

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So thank you very much. Thank you.

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Yeah, thank you Maria. You were right on time. I think you had a couple of more minutes.

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I couldn't mention a couple of more minutes. I couldn't mention timing before we started. So we had initially allocated about 15 min per speaker.

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So we had initially allocated about 15 min per speaker. So we had initially allocated about 15 min per speaker but we will now allocate more time to our available 15 min per speaker but we will now allocate more time to our available speakers as some of our presenters to our available speakers as some of our presenters are not present in

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the room to our available speakers as some of our presenters are not present in the room today. So thank you Maria.

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Okay, thank you.

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Yeah, she's affiliated with the Department of Business and Economic Studies, Faculty of Education and Business Studies at the University of Cal.

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Yes.

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From Sweden. I think we then, move to, the other presentations. I want to consult the audience on questions and answers.

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Do we do it at the end of all the presentations? Is it better if he, okay.

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Get diagnosed. How many I keep? Why don't you questions? Okay.

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Okay.

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Yeah, I also feed them spread out. And there's that. Yeah. Okay.

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Yes, so let's take questions then. I don't know if the chair, the newly appointed chair has any comments or questions.

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Yes. Yes, please use the mic. I think it's on. Thank you very much, Professor.

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It's very interesting the concept which I have been interested in in my academic work and so on. But I think as you have pointed out very cleverly at the end about the implications of this, I think rather than concluding that Friedman was strong in his assumption and as you correctly pointed out I think we need more comparative

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cross-cultural studies. Because it's very interesting to know that how different cultures look at the concept of social responsibility.

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It's more than a question but a remark, but I really appreciate the detailed analysis and a very impressive presentation.

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Thank you very much.

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Thank you. Thank you. I we also have been thinking that it should be very interesting. And to have other kind of companies and then cooperative companies and make a comparison.

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It's going to be a good subject for research. And to see how they do. And we also think that today even the other businesses they think more about social responsibilities than they have done earlier.

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But if you are a resistor in cooperative enterprises, you say that maybe they learn from cooperative enterprises.

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But we don't know. Thank you. Thank you. Yes.

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I agree with you.

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Yes, yes I do.

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Yeah, Professor Maria, can you hear? Yes, okay, okay. I'm a No, very nice presentation and I'm keen to know a little more on a CSR by this business house.

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I'm keen to know a little more on CSR by this business house is actually I have seen in the recent past particularly in Indian context that the CSR is normally being used by these business houses for their own purposes.

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Like, I mean, they, some of the business houses they don't share it with the social organizations or NGOs, they create their own NGO and try to solve their own purpose.

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So this is good to know that in Sweden I think they are doing it really in a good way and although that in Sweden I think they're doing it really in a good way and although the data is only for 4 business.

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Houses but I think it's shows very good results. So what, you can suggest, for this kind of, because government has made it.

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That 2% of the income should go to the CSR activities. But, and it should go to the society actually for larger, benefits, maybe some projects of environmental concerns or poverty alleviation or education of environmental concerns or poverty alleviation or education of underprivileged people, etc.

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But I think here in India, it's not very impressive our experience in terms of CSR.

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For many business.

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Okay. And those who SB, they are called in Sweden. I have seen by myself.

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I have been in South Africa and they in build houses in South Africa. In very poor areas. I have seen what kind of houses they built there and they also integrating the green issue all of those small houses they had a place they could cultivate their own vegetables for example and they did that as help to those people.

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Poor people. Is doing then they really build very good houses. And in good locations. They help even families.

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You can save money for your children so they can buy a house later on. And I interviewed one person in another part of Sweden.

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And he told me what has been done. Like the members they took responsibility there were many older people there and they had a telephone chain.

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So every morning one person phone another person and in that way they knew all the time how the old people if they were healthy or what happened and they could support each other.

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So they really take responsibility. So they really take responsibility for the members. So they really take responsibility for the members but even for the members but even for the global society for the members but even for the global society but I don't know exactly for the members but even for the global society but I don't know exactly the person that they

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use. For the social responsibilities, but I will ask and I will check it.

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Thank you.

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Thank you. Thank you for asking.

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Thank you. Do we have any more questions from the audience? I have a question for Maria. Nobody else has questions.

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So thank you very much for that very interesting presentation. It was very grounded and I'd like to echo you know the feedback from the other people, audience members who asked questions as well.

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So I mean, I was interested in the reciprocal engagement model for businesses that you proposed and you did sort of you know set it up in the context of regional cooperatives.

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So I would like to ask you whether you have thought of replicating this model in the context of bigger corporations, especially in Sweden, what are some of the challenges that you envisage?

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If this is to be adopted in the same way in big corporations, in bigger business settings.

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Yes, because This will be like a longitudinal study. For me and I canetta and we have been thinking that now we will go to the apex organizations of those cooperatives because they have a central organization.

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So we will do research about them. And of course we should like to do research. With other countries too.

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And when I was in South Africa, I was so interested. But always we also have too much to do.

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But if there are people who are interesting, we really should like to cooperate. So go ahead and have comparative research.

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Yes, thank you Maria.

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So thank you. Thank you.

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Okay, I think we can if we don't have any more questions from the audience we can move on to our next presentation.

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We don't have Joseph with us in the audience, do we? Yeah. So our next speaker is Dr.

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Sunil Gavin Ageb. He's an independent scholar is Dr. Sunil Ghovi Negai.

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He's an independent scholar from Australia and his presentation is on Aragalea, which is the struggle of people in Sri Lanka.

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Over to you, Dr. Govine again.

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Yeah, yeah. Okay, and you just need that. I just, thank you very much. Achala.

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My name is Janelle Gobin again. I'm a Sri Lankan born Australian. I'm a Sri Lankan born Australian.

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I'm a Sri Lankan born Australian. I'm a Sri Lankan born Australian.

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I have been here for about 30 years. I have been here for about 30 years so I'm fully fledged Australian but I haven't given up my interests in my home country

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Last year was amazing. So I'm really going to look at I have been really observing out of

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NICULIZABETH CHOE, an unusual sociological phenomenon and I'm just going to present some of the vision.

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This presentation is larger project that I'm doing as part of my passion to gaze at my home country.

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And so these should be considered as work in progress. And I have 4 objectives and I want to provide a definition of arrogalia which means struggle in English.

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I will come back to that in a minute and explain the possible causes of this. People's up price.

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And then I want to present a sample of limited qualitative data. I'll come back, talk about the limitation.

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And I just further wanted to highlight. Possible future research agenda.

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I just want to give a quick picture of the ethno religious background and Sri Lanka consisted of a kind of multicultural society you can see.

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The Singhalese people, I think my husband, this lady, we belong to that imagined concept called Sinhali who present about 74%, nearly 75 and Sri Lankan Tamil who had been living in the country for centuries represent about 11% or little more and Indian tamils who were

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brought as hired labor by the British to when they really took over the country and the Muslims again who had been living in Sri Lanka integrating into the society for many centuries.

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And if you really look at the religious affiliation, which is in a way related to our goal, but it's 70% Hindus.

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12.6 and the Christian 7.6 and the Muslim is 9.7. What is arabelia?

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It is a kind of if you really look at definition, I really coin this and it's the unprecedented people's protest.

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Which took place in Sri Lanka in Sincinnati called Arakoli.

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And in literally you can translate that to struggle. I question the English terminology. I'll come back to that later and this protests that the people began in 2,022.

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This term also can be described as an analog uprise. That's a very interesting phenomenon, a picture of this people's upright moment.

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So what is our goal? I think I use Syria as a visual. This is the President's second period.

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You can really see people's enjoying taking over but there was no pipence, no bloodshed, that's the most important thing.

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These are people. I mean, I live there and I suppose the slate lived there. We haven't seen this kind of thing.

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No weapons. North owns nothing. They have just come. And the important thing is that All that I mentioned that Multicultural Society and all sort of religious leaders and other professionals got together.

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This is the Buddhist monks. I have never seen them in this passion but they are Buddhist months and just imagine the police were behind them.

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And then Catholic clergy joined them, which has never happened previously, coming together all these religious leaders.

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And for the first time I have seen in my lifetime they would get together, there was no division, that's very another important feature.

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And you can really see on a rainy day a Buddhist monk and Muslim cleric and a Catholic clergy.

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Looking at it and with the people. And the lawyers joined too. And the civil society members.

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And there had been previous incidents in Sri Lanka, a kind of arguing in 71 and I was a young man I opted these things directly by a group called up you can translate that people's liberation.

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It was an armed conflict. A government thingly due to uprise. They estimate this I cited this thought.

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And condensate that 4,000 to 5,000 got killed and there were 20 rebels and I questioned that my estimate is about 100,000 Sengali's Buddhist students were killed by the first female prime minister called Misimandar with the help of British government.

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In 1,983, again I was there in presence, there was an ethnic riot, which is a complex thing I'm just trying to simplify.

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At the result of that, it was really racially oriented in that Tamils of Sri Lanka.

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There are 100,000 people and I was directly involved in feeding them when I was a director of Nigeria.

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And so in other words, there were incidents but they were different to the This is my methodology. I really observed at an anthropologist a digital ethnographic which is allowed now and observation of issues, the incidents and outcomes.

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Then I have scanned, identified over nearly 1,000 numbers of local and foreign digital news and made records. Then I also did a content analyst of local and print media because I have the ability unlike a Wester coming.

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I speak too long made that I have ability to speak the third language but I mainly focused on the singleist and English print media and I also really want to scan how No, particularly American newspapers.

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Overseas and BBC examined this and recorded the events. And these are ongoing, I said. Then I collected qualitative data.

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It's a limited sample at the moment, but I'm going to expand that. Then I also really analyzed the pro and anti arrogant statement particularly by the parliamentarians documented in the parliamentary record called Hansard.

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Then I did the third Petraji literature review of sociological and political theories on the people a price happened previously.

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Then I really did collected unstructured face-to-face and telephone interviews. Then finally, I look at sociopolitical analysis of the manifestation of dynamics nature of Paragula which is ongoing of the vision I do.

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To talk about the background of Sri Lanka that important and Sri Lanka has the traditional universal franchise which goes back to British.

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Colonial time. And women in Sri Lanka have had their watering rights since 1,931, which is very important.

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In 3, LANKA became an independent state. Freedom from the British who ruled the country from 1,815.

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And then now it's called Democratic Socialist Republic, which I don't agree. I don't want to go into that.

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As a result of over 74 years of Sri Lankan political administration. The country was declared bankrupt.

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In April, 2,022.

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Sri Lanka's per capita income looking at was recorded the latest one, US dollars 4,000.

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This data from the World Bank. My source and Sri Lanka is a bankrupt nation today. In November, the TWENTIETH, 19, got ABER, RADYAPACH, a former soldier who only had education up to your 10, implemented a tax cut after he won a landslide

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victory. And as a result, the Sri Lankan government a lot. US 1,000,000,001.4 in government revenue.

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This is from BBC Journalist. Then the loss of tax revenue were compounded by the negative economic impact of the April.

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The attack is really exciting. I've been going to that it's a racially oriented issue which has not been examined or taken into dusty system and the COVID.

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In which of fake and this is a direct quote from World Bank about the bankruptcy and the recent led to the country's difficulties which is still affecting the people.

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And as I said in 2,020 to April, the Sri Lanka had to really accept that they can't pay the external and internal debt.

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Which has really impacted the importing essentials the gas petrol and essential medicine for people.

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And if you really look at the economic factors behind as part of the background and I have one thing and you can really see from 2,000 or 21 to 2,019 how economic growth had a minus 7.8.

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Indicator.

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They are very important to look at this arrogantly. I said it's a very special phenomenon.

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I said it's a very special phenomenon. I mean in this context and I'm quoting a very special phenomenon.

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In this context, and I'm quoting a Sri Lankan. I mean, in this context, and I'm quoting a Sri Lankan academic who's publish a paper.

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He says the Ramu Kwala Di is an exceptional of democratic activism but it contained contradiction that forces us to reckon with the true limits and potential that in perspective.

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We can agree or to dissect you. Then another person ran a Raja with an NGO activities.

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He defined Taragali. Which came to be seen as a symbol of unity. I said all the people really just got together creativity and political lens enlightenment and that's a very unique feature which I will highlight a little later.

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They I am asking the question could a people's uprise or a revolution be filled with creative action without any distraction.

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That one of the very, very unique fit which has not happened in the recent revolution, 2 revolution which I'm quoting in a minute.

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Golf phase and this generally says I quote There was a vibrant art, creative music. The laser light show.

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Accelerating dances and colorful parades. It was the best Sri Lankan spirit in the worst of time.

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And a range I caught people from varying social backgrounds from all around the country and overseas flock to Gogo Tagama to explain what Potagama is.

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And this is the creativity. I mean, I have grew up in a good part of my life.

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I have never seen in arghali people get together and express their creativity. And what are the courses of Baragalia?

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And you can summarize that itanet result. The mismanagement of state affairs, bad financial management, corruption, mispriation of government fund and nepotism.

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I need to highlight that of the highest order. After Ghotabi Raja Bucks of the former soldier who had only your 10 education was elected as a president with majority.

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There were some games behind that. And they have 4 members of his family who managed defense, finance, urban development, irrigation, sports and youth.

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This is reported internationally.

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As I said, Sri Lanka declared bankrupt in April, 2,022. What are the causes of Baragley?

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I'm just showing the, have you seen people waiting for fuel like this any other country? No.

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The long queues. The cause of Baraglie. And This is pre-argonly.

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I have conceptualized arguably into 7 categories or faces, but I'm not good. This is a shortage of gas.

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People have been living 24 h. They had been death reported as a result of waiting, hungry, I mean bad.

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Better. And this is our goal. Can you just see these people's facial expression? They will not belong to political party.

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They were not carrying weapons, guns. And that was a huge false shortage. These people took 3 wheelers.

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With this little money. You using the feminine energy from fuel they couldn't really get it.

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Then as a result of all these things. Thousands of anti-government protesters travel to capital with officials telling the FP news agency that Tom had even commanded your trains to get there.

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In fact, there was a report I documented. One of the middle-class ladies in Candy paid money and bought the ticket.

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She was not part of directly but she supported it and many people. That just this is near the presidential house people.

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They are taking flags, no guns, no stones. No polls. Then the Aragali had one ideology to get rid of this former soldier who got elected by popular vote because it was a gimmick they adopted.

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By getting and then the common slogan, this is a very key thing, knows Aragalabas, go go tag them.

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Between gathering and calling this gamma if it may mean real H but she's not familiar with villagers I think there are Indian terminology for gamma.

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Just imagine that this is done by volunteers and you know a colorful night and there are a lot of and this is the soldier.

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With Sir Raj Bakshi, got up there. And they have a lot of internet shelting who's afraid of Gota.

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And I think fortunately this man is still alive.

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Then now there's legal action to gain these 3 brothers which is going on and therefore I don't want to really make and legal action again the former president mind the right Bakshi and his brother who became a financial minister and his name was Basil Rajapakshi.

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These are really cases going on and I think we should really comment on that. These are these 3 characters.

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Like monkeys. And, mind the

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Basil Rajapaksha and 3 brothers, like 3 sisters. And what are these unique features of Ghotago Gamma?

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And it really loved inclusion and equal participation of traditionally marginalized groups. And persons with disabilities.

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And LGBT community which has never happened in in Sri Lanka. And protest tents were set up by members of LCP community which is very amazing.

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And there were unexpected pressure as a result. That was pressure forced upon the people created spontaneous action and the Initial protest started at the country's capital, Colombo quickly spread across the country which is a small country and from south north to south is up 240 miles.

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And with 2 east about 170 I think correct yeah okay from memory. Whole memory.

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What are the unique features of disorderly? The first thing at it race, awareness of unresolved assassination which has happened under the disappearance of a journalist.

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And then the second thing I said there was a cultural event. No, people really, both religious and ethnic group got with them. And they maintain a library.

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That is a very unique feat. I really did a little difference to find out whether a Bolshevik revolution or the Mao Satan's 1,949 had well-maintained library.

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In fact, I had the privilege of speaking to 3 of them and they are willing to give me more information in time to come.

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And such a thing having a library was never recorded so it's a very important feature.

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And I said that they used this forum. To highlight the human rights violation. This was the journalist who really was.

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He was making cartoons again, Mr. Minder Ranch back to the former president. He disappeared.

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And they really brought these portraits. Again, this has never happened in a revolution. That this is still living but he was tortured and they highlighted this sort of thing.

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And they have a nice cultural events.

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And there was artistic artists joining and creating on the spot performances and the paintings.

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And have you as I said, have you ever seen a library in the history of people's struggles anyway?

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In any other country. And just slim at the people who came. Look at this mother's face.

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And she's carrying 2 babies.

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And,

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This is, I got a point from a Sri Lankan middle class poet. A medical doctor.

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And let me read that Amshi left country. Goodness. Okay. The 15 min.

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Okay, and so let me conclude because the time is going away and what I'm highlighting is desperately need to be really look at from a different point of view.

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We don't have social the current term. Theories we have. Not sufficient. We need to really look at things.

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I have used a certain theoretical perspective. I mean, it's in the thing. I, that's a question.

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And I just collected qualitative data. To court to things and a teacher who my interview said citizen who protested on roads again the long term political corruption.

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Misuse of government funds and unbearable economic burden. The unique feature of our goal is to leadership.

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What's represented by educated youth. And, this is some of the qualitative data I really use.

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And Let's go on and just to conclude. And they have a limited version of my qualitative data which I have highlighted and in summary we can say our race a different social revolution of a different kind.

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And as I said, previous Bolsheviks, the Chinese revolution, the we couldn't really find libraries and so on.

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And to conclude this irregularly is nothing but an unexpected pressure fell upon the people created a spontaneous reaction against the ruling government.

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Aragali is an unplanned spontaneous reaction. I highlight that it's due to dysfunctional political system interested with corruption and nepotism.

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And Aragala's people struggle. If you really look at the worm English term struggle which is a verb meaning forceful violent effort to get free of restraint construction.

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So it never happened. Sri Lanka. And I want to highlight future refer to in that because I want young sociologists to really look at this phenomenon and maybe you need to get compared to qualitative data in more local researchers and we need to get a building and we need publication and to examine less and tell them.

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Okay, thank you very much for your time and if you have any question and I'm happy to answer from here.

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Yeah.

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Hmm.

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For your Has it? I have conceptual II was telling, I, before started, I haven't really given that there are I mean I conceptualize the imagined concept 7 stages severally we are really in the seventh and eighth one.

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The first one is you know the pre-preparation then argally and the climate change.

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What is happening right now is the pandemic politician which especially the crap politician who have cases against him in the Dutch system.

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Are trying to ridicule without looking at what the features are really highlighted. So at the moment this letting go to that the more or less a dictator who is suppressing bringing new legislation against media.

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In fact, there's an interview going on tonight to looking at this new legislation. Brings to control curtail social media newspapers unless you support the government.

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So there's a lot of anti-democratic activities going on in trade. And my person will be before us.

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Oh.

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Sri Lanka will never recover for the next generation because figures are unclear. And they only try to show and this current dictator as I call him a maternal right but sociology is not free of values I must highlight but you have to really look at it but these are the facts that I have observed for 15 months.

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And, to give a short answer, we are at the moment of the eighth state of Argay if you conceptualize the strong suppression and we are in a celebration mood.

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Getting loans from World Bank and paying for first entitlement in Indian assistance and there's no country that which has really overcome

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Economic crisis by getting loans. There is no other thing and the new president is having 4 pillars PowerPoint presentation to reach prosperity in 2,048 in modern era Nobody knows with that we could live tomorrow with mad people like Putin rolling and with planning to have a nuclear weapon.

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So it's a myth after meet. And now are too tough in that. Yes.

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Presentation. Said that by public devices I've made more sense. Yeah, IS. There are assistance.

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Some are documented. I'll tell you one personal thing I'm interested. I'm Australian, I pay taxes and work for the government.

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And there was a program by one of the most credential journalist groups called 4 Corners, Australian Broadcastering.

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And in which it's called Pandora papers about the world people how they have hidden money.

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There were 3 Sri Lankan cases and one of them was a former Deputy Minister close to related to this Rajapakshi family.

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And in the Arakali there was a link. About Australian government during the previous government under Mr. Morrison giving direct cash when Gotta Bayraja passion that told people chase chased out was received cash as aid.

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For what? Proper government governance. There's no such thing called Sri Lanka proper governance.

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So there they are, it's coming and the distribution has been questioned and People are still, I mean, lot of figures and data is hidden because this new dictator is really creating a very rosy picture.

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Is that answering your question, sir? Yes, madam.

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I also have a question. It is Maria.

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Just, yes, yes. Yes, Maria. Yes, thank you for being here.

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Yes. Oh, yes, yes. This is really very interesting. I am interested in those issues.

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But I should like to ask you What can other people learn from this, uprising in Sri Lanka?

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Yeah.

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Because you told us it was spontaneous. And. The people they done it, but I think about the Arab.

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Operating and they did not succeed.

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What can others do?

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To What can what can the community do just like in Adams? Yeah, thank you for the question Maria and it interesting I mean I showed visuals rather than data there was a crisis of depriving people's essential items.

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Well, a gas cook. Vitamins and essential medication for patients. So what can you do?

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I mean, so it's a spontaneous thing. There are other The other weaknesses and you know it was really initiated by a nonpolitical groups but they were infiltration happen which is the case but my point is that We need more studies.

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All the artwork tense and tone were destroyed but fortunately the people I think I tell it really the temperature test well they have been recorded everything and I found the source and open source which many people don't know.

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Okay.

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10 TB of information. What I'm highlighting is that this is an unusual thing as I said.

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Have you ever heard of the organised library in any revolution? Bolshevik collusion and 1,949 Mao say to one.

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So these are the things which has not happened in history as sociologists and anthropology. We need to find out details.

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The records are there. So, I mean, if you really get a young few, 10 doctoral candidates that ritual I mentioned, which is not known to many people.

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Yes.

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Can be really analyzed and come out with new trends. So this is just I'm just even not dive into the water and I'm my lighting as an observer Sri Lanka Lodge about the importance of looking at the studying this problem and it has never happened and there are lessons we all can learn.

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Yes.

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Australians can learn and all other countries. To prevent such things happening. Yes, did you answer?

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Okay. Thank you. Yes, yes. Thank you.

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Thank you.

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Any more questions? Yeah, already from Madam's question I got partial of my answer already from Madam's question I got partial of my answer already.

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I just wanted to ask since you had done an qualitative research on that. Yeah, already from Madam's question I got partial of my answer already.

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I just wanted to ask since you had done an qualitative, I got partial of my answer already. I just wanted to ask since you had done an qualitative research on that.

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I just wanted to ask since you had done an qualitative research on that. I just wanted to ask, since you had done an qualitative research on that, have you asked, of course, since at one side it We can talk because we have to really give up.

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After the chat, I'm very excited that you all came and asked, if you're interested, I can talk about, if you are interested, I can talk about this many others.

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If you are interested, I can talk about this many others, but I think we have got to do that.

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I can talk about this many others, but I think we have got to do that I can talk about this many others but I think we have got to do that.

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Just one, okay, yes, sorry, yeah, yeah, your presentation has raised more question than answered. Yeah, your presentation has raised more question than answered. Of course, yes. Yeah, yeah.

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2, 3 thing I want to South Eastasia. In terms of human development indexes and also economic growth starting from ninetys and also early 22,010.

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Okay.

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Why there was a decline? So that is number one. Say it again, please. Why there is a decline when there was a considered somas of development in Sri Lanka in the South Asian states in comparison to India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Buddhism.

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Now why that decline, number one. Number 2. Is it a, I mean, how you will conceptualize this a price?

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Is it an uprise? Is it a ripple? It's a pless crowd because there was no leadership, no ideology, no organization.

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It emerged then it disappeared. What is the role of military and the political elite in Egypt? That is another.

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I think you talk about 5 PhDs or more on to answer the question. But just to give a simple one to answer the question, but just to give us simple answers.

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No, do you know sir that half of Sri Lankan population don't have potable drinking water.

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After 75 years, I summarized that perhaps you were not here or I didn't highlight that.

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This is an accumulated result of 75 years of mismanagement. So I think that Sri Lanka is going down.

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I mean, I know we were all proud about our quality of life and so on but the host that one example is the best hospital systems health system we have in Sri Lanka.

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Okay.

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Will never be re established. They all come to this lucky country really. So let, I mean, you asked a question of military really and during the early stages military things want to really scaust this that was a kind of unwritten law but now it is happening and II didn't discuss about how this dictator really smashed

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and killed not kill attack these lawyers and so on. So, but I'm really highlighted. Yes, I have no answers.

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I'm not a politician. I'm a social researcher and with my entire information my social researcher and with my inside information my ability to understand information my ability to understand 2 languages I'm highlighting. With my inside information, my ability to understand 2 languages.

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I'm highlighting a picture for enlightened people like yourself to do more research, I'm highlighting a picture for enlightened people like yourself to do more research and encourage your young people.

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This is highlighting a picture for enlightened people like yourself to do more research and encourage your young people.

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Yes.

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This is an important thing that we need to study further. I can't sponsor any resource for this.

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But the interesting question is that, but the interesting question is that, the interesting question is that if we look into the world development report, the interesting question is that, you know, if we look into the world development report also human development report.

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We had to consider they lied about Sri Lanka for 2 or 3 decades. We were saying 75 years of mismanagement in Sri Lanka at all development report, human development reports, they have allergies, the cylinder development that that lie was accepted by the Sri Lankan middle class and the ruling

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class. So are you familiar with the phrase about statistics, lies, damn lies. You have to question as academic about accuracy and quality equality assurances.

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So there were gaps really. Those Sri Lanka was in 1,946 was highlighted but there was a secret decline.

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And because of this I highlighted. I appreciate your question but I think we have to really allow these other 2 speakers.

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Yes.

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I'm really happy that there's interest about this, but that was my main purpose of doing this presentation.

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Thank you. Thank you.

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We'll talk about it. Thank you very much. I think so. More presenters waiting as well.

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And I think some credit has to be given to Sri Lanka's free education and health care system as well which has produced quite significant social outcomes for the community with very high literacy rates and very high health outcomes.

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Positive health outcomes and that's why I think partially that Sri Lanka was doing very well in terms of social indicators and social development, not so much in the space of economic development though.

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So why like Ankara, what Sunil has just presented on Sri Lanka's arrogalia.

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You see the continuing theme of people centric governance throughout presentations. Our next speaker has joined online.

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We have Joseph Rajan who will present on People Centric Governance, a comparative analysis in Kerala and Barto Pele in South Africa.

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So Joseph, over to you.

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Are you still there?

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You're still muted.

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Yeah, yes. I'll let me Share my PowerPoint presentation, please.

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We see it.

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Sorry, one more announcement. I'm just going

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Can you see the slide? Can you see the slide, please? Can you see this slide?

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Yes. Yes. Yes.

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Just a moment. I just want to say that each speaker is allocated 15 min. So please take into account you know that we are running short of time as well.

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Okay. Yeah. Right, right.

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Oh, right.

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So I'm going to share your presentation now. Oh, right. Yes, it looks like you have to share your screen because we don't see your presentation on the system.

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You should be able to share your screen through the green button.

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You have shared. Can you see that?

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Wish your name

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Oh, we still don't see. No, we are able to see.

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Yes. We see the name.

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The

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No, no, no, but the presenter is a BPT. Maria, can you see Joseph's presentation?

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I could. I could. I could see his name.

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Bye bye. I.

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No, not presentation. The PowerPoint presentation. No, Joseph, we still don't see your PowerPoint presentation.

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I think if you reshare your screen, it should hopefully work. Could you please reshare your screen?

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Or or I'll do one thing I'll send you Dr. So that, okay, I'll try a sharing right.

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Or you could. Joseph, the audience is requesting you to put your video on so that we can see you to put your video on so that we can see you to put your video on so that we can see you presenting.

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Yes

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Is that possible? Okay. Yes, are you comfortable presenting without your PowerPoint?

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PowerPoint.

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Okay.

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Can you see now?

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We see you.

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Okay. Yes, we don't see your PowerPoint presentations still.

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So what to do then?

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Maybe. Without PowerPoint, can I?

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Yes, just a moment.

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And right.

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Okay, I don't want to waste time because, there has something any problem. So my topic is people, century governance.

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A pinned

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I come back to Analysts of Thikium in Kerala and in South Africa. So you see the idea of, these people sending governance if you look at it or dates back to 19 fifties when Robert Chambers in Kenya he introduced this participatory research methodology that later led down to self-addogacy movement in

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Sweden. Then, again, people first self, I got at the same moment in student followed by that.

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The city.

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Maybe I would say in the year, ninety-. 5, my paper was he in, you shouldn't.

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So.

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Dr. Rajan, Dr.

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No, it's South Africa, with regard to, which means, people first maybe one year later in a Kerala also there was a kind of strategy to

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Dr. Rajan, I think you have to share from this green button. See, see on the screen the green button.

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Share is share a screen there is a name of a button share screen. So, put a Yeah your finger on this and enter.

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Click it. Like click it.

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Green button on the screen you Now you are now you have to Open your mic. Yes. Have you seen the green button on the screen?

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Yeah, share screen.

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And enter it share a screen enter this pattern Yeah. Yeah, 9,

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I ended then desktop there is a question mark only. Desktop then share screen I saw that or burn system reference.

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Hello Zoom to share your screen so you have it to allow me

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After that, Yes, please. And when you share the only question mark. Cool.

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You need to co-host me then only you can see. Yeah, yeah. I think.

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Hmm.

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You shouldn't need to be co-hosts. You should be able to just share what happens when you just click share.

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Just click share.

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1,000.

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I should clicked when I click it shows Allow Zoom to share your screen.

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Okay, I think maybe now

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Then click OK after that or. Share again and might say either of those things.

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Okay Okay. That's not easy and they will get the other strings to come here. And so I mean, maybe you can otherwise in the meantime you prepare us for this problem.

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We can come back to I think that's the way we are going to come back to you. We have another speaker in the audience.

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Okay, or I'll also send the same to Dr.

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Yes, yes, you can send.

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Alright.

448
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Yeah. Good.

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Okay, so until Rajan works on the present, I mean screen sharing and the presentation, we have been screen sharing and the presentation we have Suman in the audience today and he will present screen sharing and the presentation.

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We have Suman in the audience today and he will present on empowering women through entrepreneurship.

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We have Suman in the audience today and he will present on empowering women through entrepreneurship seclusion to inc

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So, good evening. The chain and my dear audience. This is Dr. Sumant Ceramat, as Associate of the Chairman Department of Social Security at Nicholas.

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Belgavi Karaka from India. My presentation is on empowering women through entrepreneurship, seclusion to inclusion.

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The target group of my study is the women who are the diversity is the women who are the diversity and they are the widows of my study is the women who are the diversity and they are the widows having children and children and they are abandoned by their family and some are also staying in the

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A collective often ages. So they are independent. Looking after their children. For their schooling and upbringing.

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So these are my target group and They are sitting in this they are staying in the city So basically these women come from the rural background, got married and were settled in the cities and as they were abandoned by their husbands and families and they are staying separately.

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So in this connection my paper focuses on how these women are struggling to run their family and how they are now successfully successful entrepreneurs in the city.

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So we know that any country for the development of any country, women have a very predominant role to play in a country's socioeconomic development.

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So though India is a fast developing nation, it still regards Man as the Red Eners of the Family.

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However, the evolved role of Indian women has emerged as an economic force that policymakers cannot afford to ignore.

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So the empower of women in India is a major issue relating to social justice and gender equality. Women Entrepreneurship empowers women to move from the position of marginalization to increase mobility and reduce the traditional seclusion.

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So this pays the way towards the self-efficiency and poverty elevation for the woman. So according to World Bank we have a conceptual framework saying that the investing more in the business of women rather than in men leads to the greater development of a nation.

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This has been quoted by Sable We in the year, 2,021. So when I was having a interview with these respondents, this is the paper is basically both with primary as well as secondary data.

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These are the qualities of women entrepreneurs what they have been imposed saying that we need to accept the challenges.

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We need to have MBS, hardworking patience, motivator, educated, Intel Zen, and out of my total correspondence, motivator, educated, into Zen, and out of my total correspondence, all of the respondents were not educated.

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They were literally illiterate women. So being educated, reading and writing was very difficult for them and the functions for having a woman entrepreneurship, they should have innovative ideas.

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The planning organization, they should have a decision-making compact than risk bearing and balancing. So moving forward how important this woman entrepreneurship for these women was?

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So they said that it is the creativity. Do they are not educated, they said that it is a creativity and sometimes it comes from the The family insistence of the business family backgrounds.

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It means that you create on grounds where others have fear to stand. Someone somewhere might have said that it's very quite difficult and challenging so we can't do it.

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So when we can't do it means there is an option for doing it. So this is what these women have realized and they have come up in facing these challenges and they are now successfully in running these businesses.

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So they have that confidence believing in self and taking risks and growing out of their own shell. So they have developed their own personalities.

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With their own. Self-innovative ideas So in this mean course they have come up across a lot of challenges which I have which I have already coded.

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So in this process they feel that they were initially, they had that financial problem, they had no raw materials with what sort of business they need to stand they had they did not have any plan because when they were supported by the family and that moment they are without the support of the family, it becomes like a ship, sorry, fish without water.

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So that becomes very difficult to exist in such a situations. So the mind doesn't work in such situations they could come up with some ideas with some little bit sort of the love they have towards the children that made them to step out of the fear what they thought that they could don't do now they thought that they will do something for their children's

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sake. So, there were many responsibilities, household responsibilities looking after their children and there were some in-laws with them which they were dependent on their daughter-in-law.

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So they were had to take that risk taking ability in such a male-dominated societies and there are other some problems which you have seeing on the screen.

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The solutions what they the solutions and the problems there are all being quoted by the correspondence. They say that that parents should have educated them.

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Our education means a lot to any individual, so they felt that the education was really necessary so that they could have come up with a brilliant ideas for their business.

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So, awareness, there were no one to help them create awareness. This is most important part of a thing where many of the people don't.

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Get exposed. Many people know the many ideas but they are not being imposing and they are not been training them.

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They feel that in helping and creating awareness will lessen their knowledge. In fact, sharing it will multiply.

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So the finance information units ourselves, they were not helping because they did not get any loans to start a business.

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They started with a very minimal water worth savings they had from their earlier husbands savings. So information about as I said earlier about the raw metals they do not have any idea and any information regards to that and when they were having a fear they thought that we should take some risk and then only there is there is something where you can achieve.

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So learning to take risk and being strong to face the problems, this is what they sought and now they are feeling that they have achieved to some extent in upbringing their children.

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And there is a way can be where we can say that government programs are there, but these programs to what extent they are helping is a question.

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It would be

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Because we have many government policies, programs, policy makers are implementing but to what extent are they being really helping the needy people because these programs are in the documents rather than in practicality they are not imposed.

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So sometimes we have to see these programs are really reaching the ground people, the needy people, the slum people, sometimes even we just ignore the middle class people.

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So just to highlight you on this paper that respondents will belong to middle-class families. Neither the poverty or not the rich class.

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The power in middle class family sometimes they are the more into the more trouble in in such challenging situations. So these training programs to what extent they are been helping was questionable.

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And lastly, what we can see that in this path of complete entrepreneurship Whether in the organized or unorganized sector.

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So the woman comprised almost half of the human population and women face a lot of constraints. Beat a substantial steps taken by the Indian government in creating an affordable atmosphere in such an institution for the women entrepreneurs and the development of women entrepreneurs haven't reached actually the expected goals as what they feel so.

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So the miracles of the conservatives and these ideologies what we consider and the traditional customs which confined the woman to the household activities.

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So need to be grabbed down. So the creating Familial understanding and working with the social life balancing and membership in local self-governing bodies may help women entrepreneurs to progress and lastly I can say that there should be some voluntary consultancies because if you are educated sometimes not sometimes you have to provide the Information because

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we have many rules at-up colleges because these respondents coming from the rural background they were not educated.

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At least they were they didn't even go to schools so at least if they are been literate or to some extent they would have help.

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So recognition and mentoring sometimes these such women were not recognized. They are being inside the 4 walls and some have already committed suicide out of my 27 respondents 2 respondents after my interview I think I could get that information that they committed suicide because they could not tackle that financial burden and the loan which they had taken from their friends and

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relatives. So we need to recognize them but it's quite difficult but with some techniques we need to see that because being a sociologist we are the observers of this society.

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We are considered as the doctors of the society because we know what's going on. We have been implementing researchers in various areas.

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So with such things, we need to recognize and do some mentoring and counseling processes and find such visions if you are implementing a wall, voluntary analysis has been done.

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The vision can change their life. Such visions of our atoms can change such a needy woman's life and accepting they are ready to accept those news challenges and with that the unprecedented approach is whatever they are coming on their way.

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They can take it and they can leave their house when we can say that man is the bread winner but it can also be said that a woman also can leave the house.

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There are many such examples which does not leave the house. There are many such examples which does not come to the to the focus.

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There are many such we have many women entrepreneurs successful when they have a very struggled life. I think I can quote Sudan Mouthi from Karnataka.

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She has a very struggled life. There are some other women who are coming from the rural background and they have successful.

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So this was my paper and this is an ongoing paper. I need to still extend my paper so with this I can do my Wi-Fi it would be helpful that if you provide me insights in my further research.

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Thank you.

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Thank you. Do we have any questions for the month from the audience?

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Have you looked at the Limposity Initiative of Well, the media Whoa. Favorite movement towards poverty and makes an exit it's a good one-based And they are engaging my pressure branches.

510
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They have all lines of theory, so they have created.

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Also large number of micro enterprises have been created. Very good reading attractions and this model was adopted by the government of India while implemented power

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The

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Sorry if I haven't gone through that because still this paper from past one I'm just searching and I'm preparing.

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Initiating each of the many including Save off.

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We have a small bank actually. By the Which is the structure that is normal. It's for our larger, group of men.

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And a lot of, livelihoods. Think it's too initiatives are very important in Indian context and in Mangala there is this drumming record, so another important story which is linked with the

517
01:26:07.000 --> 01:26:20.000
Chicken's Okay, so I'll just. Yes. Your opponent party dossing by saying Yes, sir.

518
01:26:20.000 --> 01:26:31.000
Thank you. But many very things wasn't part of Line development over that time. But I think you need to.

519
01:26:31.000 --> 01:26:37.000
Couple of case studies. Okay.

520
01:26:37.000 --> 01:26:48.000
And the other thing that I did to you is you really have I don't believe in Proceeding

521
01:26:48.000 --> 01:26:57.000
Change and then it can be really, Thank you, sir. It will be helpful. Yeah, I believe.

522
01:26:57.000 --> 01:27:03.000
Prosumani is very interesting paper. Thank you to the guest of Kanaraka, a very interesting paper.

523
01:27:03.000 --> 01:27:07.000
In regards to the guest of Kanaraka, that you're state empowering woman through an entrepreneurship.

524
01:27:07.000 --> 01:27:17.000
It's a Yeah, yes, I really apologize for Little John will little late and President Tamil Rasen from the University of Amras.

525
01:27:17.000 --> 01:27:27.000
Actually, that is interesting. And the one thing that II regret to hear, after you were interviewed that in actions there were 2 people demised.

526
01:27:27.000 --> 01:27:38.000
Yes, that really it's a checking for a sociologist. As we the sociologist we are moving with the people for the groundwork and the data process of interactions, field interactions.

527
01:27:38.000 --> 01:27:47.000
So what does that we can do from our sites at least kind of some precautionary works that we through mobilizing the NGO, we can't support them financially.

528
01:27:47.000 --> 01:27:55.000
At least that we can make a mechanism really who will help them by knowing while at the time of the encounters that we are having during the data collections.

529
01:27:55.000 --> 01:28:00.000
We don't wake on, we can think of taking some sudden actions, quick action because we are doing.

530
01:28:00.000 --> 01:28:07.000
Lassing it too live with the, okay within a 20 to 7 data, right? That's one that you selected.

531
01:28:07.000 --> 01:28:16.000
It's a very chucking. I least we can think of it along with our steady grassroot studies and some angels who's really working on these people.

532
01:28:16.000 --> 01:28:25.000
Like nowadays there is engineers who are really working on these people and to suicidal prevention thinking and motivate them.

533
01:28:25.000 --> 01:28:35.000
I think such a way that we can think of it, some application worry ended. Okay, intervention oriented approach also being a sociology system and understanding the real issue.

534
01:28:35.000 --> 01:28:41.000
Thank you. Thank you. Good presentations. Thank you.

535
01:28:41.000 --> 01:28:42.000
Yes, sir. Yes, ma'am. Yes. Yeah.

536
01:28:42.000 --> 01:28:50.000
The 2 months I also had a question. I realize my, well the subjects is very interesting. I do research about women environment too.

537
01:28:50.000 --> 01:28:58.000
And but I don't know so much about how it is exactly in India. But I know something now in Bangladesh.

538
01:28:58.000 --> 01:29:09.000
So I don't know if it is exactly the same. I should like to ask you when you discuss about entrepreneurship, it is individual entrepreneurship.

539
01:29:09.000 --> 01:29:20.000
He there any kind of collective entrepreneurship? Groups of women that they start in business are their cooperatives.

540
01:29:20.000 --> 01:29:27.000
A working with women. In entrepreneurship.

541
01:29:27.000 --> 01:29:28.000
And why not?

542
01:29:28.000 --> 01:29:37.000
Yeah Yeah, so, out of these 27, the correspondence around almost, there are 2 groups in this 27.

543
01:29:37.000 --> 01:29:59.000
Some one group is with 15 and another one was 12 group. These are collectively handling the the business and they are preparing the the puppets and the homemade products.

544
01:29:59.000 --> 01:30:00.000
Okay.

545
01:30:00.000 --> 01:30:14.000
And they are selling it to the general stores which are nearby to them. Yeah, so they are doing collectively so that is how I could get connected so in practical I didn't need to tell how I got involved into this research was like I had been into this research was like I had been to that stores and I was in search of some

546
01:30:14.000 --> 01:30:22.000
homemade products to carry for this research was like I had been to that stores and I was in search of some homemade products to carry for traveling.

547
01:30:22.000 --> 01:30:31.000
Notice on that what is at on the shops. So they had mentioned that self-made products are available.

548
01:30:31.000 --> 01:30:42.000
So, when I enquired I came to know that there are some groups which are enquired I came to know that there are some groups which are doing that and when I came to know that there are some groups which are doing that and when I went in depth with that and when I went in depth with that which group was that I came to know these are the women who

549
01:30:42.000 --> 01:30:55.000
have been in depth with that which group was that that I came to know these are the women who have been a and their own families and they have lost their husbands and that staying away and they are collectively they are linked to themselves to each other and they are preparing these homemade products.

550
01:30:55.000 --> 01:30:56.000
Yeah, thank you. Thank you.

551
01:30:56.000 --> 01:30:59.000
Thank you. Thank you. Thank you.

552
01:30:59.000 --> 01:31:07.000
Okay, thank you for that very engaging presentation. We now have Rajan. Rajan has exactly 15 min. We now have Rajan.

553
01:31:07.000 --> 01:31:09.000
Rajan has exactly 15 min. I think we can spare 5 min. I think we can spare 5 min.

554
01:31:09.000 --> 01:31:18.000
I think we can spare 5 min for questions as well. Pass the mic to you. We can see your slides now.

555
01:31:18.000 --> 01:31:25.000
Oh, okay, thank you. Yes, my topic is on pupils and the governance.

556
01:31:25.000 --> 01:31:32.000
I come back to an L. So Tium in Kerala of India and B in South Africa.

557
01:31:32.000 --> 01:31:44.000
So the idea next slide please the idea of. As people send the governance is that people should be first in the governance system.

558
01:31:44.000 --> 01:31:54.000
And an normally we know that there are different forms of governance system. Like autocratic governance, democratic governance and all that.

559
01:31:54.000 --> 01:32:07.000
Of this Continue of governance. People centric governance is considered to be the best one the experience Pro that next slide please Next slide.

560
01:32:07.000 --> 01:32:08.000
Yes.

561
01:32:08.000 --> 01:32:11.000
Yes, next.

562
01:32:11.000 --> 01:32:22.000
Yes, the, he's, of, people send the governance if you look at maybe go back to 19 fifties Finn.

563
01:32:22.000 --> 01:32:28.000
He worked on alternate you, metrology of, research and all that is a long history.

564
01:32:28.000 --> 01:32:35.000
So. With this limited time, I'm not going into that. I'll say it go forward to the principles of.

565
01:32:35.000 --> 01:32:42.000
Batter really next slide Next.

566
01:32:42.000 --> 01:32:57.000
Yes, in South Africa, since 94 new governance system came into force. As part of that a white paper was issued in the year 1995.

567
01:32:57.000 --> 01:33:05.000
And the white paper was on batter pile. It's a sort of translation means, people first.

568
01:33:05.000 --> 01:33:14.000
And, actually it is not a, an island activity. The idea was that the existing governance approach should be.

569
01:33:14.000 --> 01:33:25.000
Giving trust to the people giving importance to their people it is based on 8 principles one is consultation with the citizens And there is setting service standard.

570
01:33:25.000 --> 01:33:38.000
They are only sequel access to service delivery and the fourth one is ensuring. If this is providing information I'm and that means timely information.

571
01:33:38.000 --> 01:33:45.000
60 some more on transparency or later issue openness and transparency. Concern and issues and apprehensions of people and the attorney's value for money when there is a system.

572
01:33:45.000 --> 01:33:54.000
Next time.

573
01:33:54.000 --> 01:34:12.000
Next. So when we compare it with this, in Kerala, there are 2 models, only planning models that was in the year, 1,996 then another one is a governance model what is called a QM that's a history came in Kerala comes in in 2,005 next

574
01:34:12.000 --> 01:34:15.000
slide Sorry, in, we'll late panja. I think next slide.

575
01:34:15.000 --> 01:34:30.000
We lay Pangeth in Kerala. They have implemented total call team management. It is actually a tools are played in the corporate sector but it was for the first time a local government ship didn't do that.

576
01:34:30.000 --> 01:34:50.000
And after that based on the experiences from the local government. The government has documented the process, try to upscale it and and through a long process of research, recommendation, upscaling and all that TKM was implemented from 2,000.

577
01:34:50.000 --> 01:34:59.000
They are 30 on it. It is based on 8 principles. Some are, comparable with the BATHAKE principle also.

578
01:34:59.000 --> 01:35:14.000
Australian people focus second is leadership there is people participation for this process or ended 50 system or in the sixtys evidence based decision making 7 this mutually benefited relationship and the eighth on is continuous improvement.

579
01:35:14.000 --> 01:35:20.000
Next slide Next.

580
01:35:20.000 --> 01:35:31.000
So there are 14 steps through which this TKM is implemented starting from Previous slide please. VBS slide.

581
01:35:31.000 --> 01:35:58.000
Yes. The providing training then status analysis of the organization the information quality circle then formation of thematic sub teams conducting citizens anyway visioning process record management Preparing quality manual let's copy then ensuring quality infrastructure, introducing e-governance, competency mapping, quality auditor and continuously.

582
01:35:58.000 --> 01:36:14.000
These are the 4 14 steps through which TKM mean, so Kerala was implemented. Next, so when we come here TQM with that of the idea or the philosophy of both are remain the same.

583
01:36:14.000 --> 01:36:28.000
Both is giving trust on the people. So, Batha will say his consultation here we conduct Citizen Survey Batabel is a standard here we have Seeitizen chapter declaring the standard of service delivery.

584
01:36:28.000 --> 01:36:45.000
But there has a detestal principle here. Also, we have Griffin. Double, I should share access to service here also we have a sharing service through friend office management especially on physical amenities.

585
01:36:45.000 --> 01:36:56.000
Got the, the delays come bearable with the feedback mechanics. Then information sharing your batteries, comparable with the information boards.

586
01:36:56.000 --> 01:37:10.000
I insar last part of TKM transparency principle is compareability governance and service status board installed by TKM in Village, and service status board installed by TKM in Village Panya.

587
01:37:10.000 --> 01:37:25.000
Value for money that that principle is not conceived as well that is the only principle that we left other than that or principal.

588
01:37:25.000 --> 01:37:38.000
Next slide. So what we can learn from Bath is, it is upplayed for the indoor country India governance system and all sectors development and service sector are covered.

589
01:37:38.000 --> 01:37:52.000
And the nomenclature public servant is very much a given thrust on that. And the emphasis on value for money as part of the government service degree of governance system in place is, given importance.

590
01:37:52.000 --> 01:37:53.000
And that was not considered as an add-on activity. Whereas learning from TKM is something different.

591
01:37:53.000 --> 01:38:04.000
Learning from the game if you look at next slide.

592
01:38:04.000 --> 01:38:19.000
Learning, from Tiki and Kerala is it is both a concept and tool and principles are played through the management tools that are very fable and result oriented and they have been up late next slide please.

593
01:38:19.000 --> 01:38:29.000
Only in the village Punjab, not for all the sectors, not for all institution only in the in the local government it is implemented.

594
01:38:29.000 --> 01:38:46.000
That is the in the comparison that we have. And anyway, it is based on that kind of, saying, Mahangani, the father of nation said, I suppose leadership at one time means But today it means getting along with people.

595
01:38:46.000 --> 01:38:53.000
So people is that first point as far as governance is concerned next.

596
01:38:53.000 --> 01:39:02.000
So the point is that there are cases like in Africa, people playing gambling planning model in Kerala.

597
01:39:02.000 --> 01:39:04.000
People playing gambling planning model in Kerala. Total called him in governance model in Kerala.

598
01:39:04.000 --> 01:39:24.000
All these models are giving trust to the people. There may be similar examples from other countries also. So from the literature I didn't get anyway if the participants are knowing about those things it is good to have double working group on 5 take initiative for in the country experience sharing and evidence.

599
01:39:24.000 --> 01:39:35.000
I'm so as to further up scaling the governance system and also horizontal learning process learning from each other so as to sustain the learning exchange program.

600
01:39:35.000 --> 01:39:38.000
Thank you very much.

601
01:39:38.000 --> 01:39:42.000
Any questions please?

602
01:39:42.000 --> 01:39:54.000
Thank you, Rajan. Do we have? Any questions from our audience or from the chair?

603
01:39:54.000 --> 01:40:00.000
Is giving help.

604
01:40:00.000 --> 01:40:09.000
Do you want to ask? Sir, please first. Yeah. It is.

605
01:40:09.000 --> 01:40:15.000
No.

606
01:40:15.000 --> 01:40:16.000
Oh, thank you.

607
01:40:16.000 --> 01:40:18.000
Thank you Dr. Rajin. It's Dasracheti from South Africa. Yeah, no, I was interested.

608
01:40:18.000 --> 01:40:33.000
You were actually quite, I think you were praising the Butterpiela system or set of principles that we've put together so well in South Africa like all of the plans.

609
01:40:33.000 --> 01:40:39.000
That we've conjured up since 1,994. The reality as you know is quite different.

610
01:40:39.000 --> 01:40:52.000
From the progressive constitution that we have from the progressive rules and laws from the moral regeneration that has taken place.

611
01:40:52.000 --> 01:41:14.000
In the way in which the country is being run. After 1,994 in that the net result of all of our plans and all of our programmes aimed at poverty alleviation, a deepening democracy in the country, at empowering women.

612
01:41:14.000 --> 01:41:26.000
At building rural economies and so on. Come to naught. So what we have in the country is a set of principles, constitutions.

613
01:41:26.000 --> 01:41:52.000
Rules that are extremely progressive. But have not been implemented in any progressive way so as to impact positively on the lives of the people and I think that when we discuss Paterpillar in particular, we need to show with some empirical evidence the extent to which this has really impacted because it has not in any way.

614
01:41:52.000 --> 01:42:10.000
Municipal governments in South Africa call citizens customers. And many of the policies in municipal government that contains Botopelle principles actually referred to citizens as customers.

615
01:42:10.000 --> 01:42:19.000
And for me that is a neoliberal literary rhetoric. Which suggests something completely different to citizen rights and citizenship in a democracy.

616
01:42:19.000 --> 01:42:31.000
So I just wanted to put that on the table to say that it hasn't been rosy since, 1,994.

617
01:42:31.000 --> 01:42:42.000
In fact, we have far deeper problems now in South Africa than we did in the past. And then I just wanted to make a comment.

618
01:42:42.000 --> 01:42:55.000
Dr. Sunil spoke about Sri Lanka. And my my comment and question is would you define what happened in Sri Lanka as revolutionary.

619
01:42:55.000 --> 01:43:06.000
Is it actually a revolution? Because I think the general understanding of a revolution is a fundamental rupture or dislocation with the past.

620
01:43:06.000 --> 01:43:19.000
And the creation of something new that addresses the issues and the problems and the contradictions that existed previously. And what we have in Sri Lanka seems to be an event.

621
01:43:19.000 --> 01:43:33.000
As opposed to a revolutionary process. That resulted in a fundamental transformation in the society. From what you presented, it seems that one political buffoon has been replaced by another.

622
01:43:33.000 --> 01:43:44.000
And the net result of the change is that the country is deeper in debt now and continuing down the path of indebtedness.

623
01:43:44.000 --> 01:43:54.000
And that is the problem with leaderless movements. That don't have a political ideology from which to function, mobilize, organize and transform.

624
01:43:54.000 --> 01:44:04.000
So I think that we had a revolution in South Africa because the change was revolutionary. We had an apartheid racist constitution.

625
01:44:04.000 --> 01:44:18.000
We have a non-racial democratic constitution. But the reality is quite different. The white minority still owns and controls almost everything in the country, whether it is the land, the economy and so on and so on.

626
01:44:18.000 --> 01:44:26.000
So I just wanted to put that on the table as issues that I think we need to think about in relation to people centric governance.

627
01:44:26.000 --> 01:44:35.000
Planning on the one hand and the kind of transformative action. That citizens need to take so that.

628
01:44:35.000 --> 01:44:48.000
The net result is social amelioration of the highest form. Thank you very much.

629
01:44:48.000 --> 01:44:51.000
Okay.

630
01:44:51.000 --> 01:44:52.000
Yes, ma. Go ahead. Please.

631
01:44:52.000 --> 01:44:54.000
I had a question. Maria from Sweden. Total quality management.

632
01:44:54.000 --> 01:45:07.000
It is about how business work to get in good quality. How can you use this same system for people sending governance.

633
01:45:07.000 --> 01:45:18.000
But I should also like to ask you your cooperation because you are too different into different countries. How do you do that?

634
01:45:18.000 --> 01:45:26.000
Is it digital conversations or how do you really do? I should like to know.

635
01:45:26.000 --> 01:45:42.000
Okay, total quality management in Kerala is, introduced, widely as for us, local governments are concerned, not in all sectors like state government departments there.

636
01:45:42.000 --> 01:45:53.000
It is only in the local governments that were. Implemented. So it was as part of, earlier I was working with an institution called KAYLA and Shooter Local Administration.

637
01:45:53.000 --> 01:45:59.000
As part of that we have a program for the elected representatives. So we village Punjab at the local government.

638
01:45:59.000 --> 01:46:06.000
So for which one module was on TKM and, it was their project to work as part of their own Punjab.

639
01:46:06.000 --> 01:46:16.000
Electric representative has taken a lead role to implement it in there in his Punjab. It was back in the year 2,005.

640
01:46:16.000 --> 01:46:33.000
Then we have Documented it. We conducted research on that. We have, developed a framework how it can be up scaled in the local government and government also taken a policy decision to scale up it to all the local governments in Kerala and that has happened.

641
01:46:33.000 --> 01:46:40.000
So it is not on digital, it is, through the kind of, face to face interface only.

642
01:46:40.000 --> 01:46:59.000
We conducted a research collector data and we have organized students your training and that because local governments have a interested with a lot of services, especially civic functions to be delivered to the people at the local level.

643
01:46:59.000 --> 01:47:08.000
For that TKM is a helpful management approach and a tool I would say because when TKM is implemented, they will set the standard.

644
01:47:08.000 --> 01:47:18.000
They will set the target. They set the timeline everything. So accordingly these services is to delivered and if there are leeway in which there are systemic.

645
01:47:18.000 --> 01:47:23.000
So accordingly, the service or CC delegate. And if there are leeway in which there are systems for addressing they are given.

646
01:47:23.000 --> 01:47:27.000
There is a feedback mechanism so that people can raise complaints about it. That's the way in which it will work.

647
01:47:27.000 --> 01:47:28.000
Okay. Thank you.

648
01:47:28.000 --> 01:47:35.000
Yeah, thank you. Yes, thank you. I have to stop you there because we are almost out of time.

649
01:47:35.000 --> 01:47:36.000
Okay.

650
01:47:36.000 --> 01:47:40.000
I think I think we can continue to have these discussions, you know, later on. So thank you very much for joining us.

651
01:47:40.000 --> 01:47:45.000
Okay.

652
01:47:45.000 --> 01:47:46.000
Thank you.

653
01:47:46.000 --> 01:47:48.000
Thank you. Thank you very much. Thank you.