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Rodrigo Serrat: to see me also. So my name is Rolyo Sarat. I'm a lecturer at the University of Barcelona in Spain, and I'm very happy to welcome you to this session and title. Civic engagement in later life, expanding the social torontological imagination.

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Rodrigo Serrat: we have Daniel Blanche. They are on site. We'll be coordinating the the session. We have also who is helping with this coordination. So

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Rodrigo Serrat: let's start with with the session, Daniel.

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Yes, thank you, Rodrigo. I'm sort of proligo as a session organizer. I'm sort of acting as a sort of chair. So I will do my best. So thank you for being this early here. I know it's quite a

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a commitment, and thank you all the people online for being there so late. Actually, I guess in people in Europe, the ones we have online right now. first things first. So first, I think it's due that we acknowledge we we acknowledge the kind we do some acknowledgment of the country. So, on behalf of everyone gathered here, I pay respect to the spirit of country. Here in Norm, where we are meeting.

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I know much of the past, and Preston Cooling Nation one do Gary way, warung as the sovereign people. Here the cultural knowledge holders who maintain and promote the in our aboriginal law, customs and custodianship, responsibilities for count

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for country and the people. That country Continues to sustain generation of to generation into the future. For all of us I recognize the important contribution that first nations, thinkers have made to sociology, including challenges to our dominant ways of thinking. We think all first nations delegates in their room today for their contributions to knowledge in the discipline.

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So we will start off with the first presentation. the first on the list is Marina Nasman, like it all with the presentation.

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multi-dimensional civic engagement among older adults in Europe, individuals and country-level variations, since drivers.

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So to do that, please.

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Marina Näsman: Yes, thank you. So if you can stop sharing, I can share my presentation.

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Yes.

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Marina Näsman: okay. So you should be able to see it now. And I will also switch the view like that. Okay. so Hello, everyone.

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Marina Näsman: I I I'm I was going to say nice to see you, but I actually don't see you, those of you who are participating on site. But still, I'm Marina Nasman. I'm a post doctoral researcher in social policy at all Academy University and Finland.

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Marina Näsman: and, as I already mentioned, I will present a study on multi-dimensional civic engagement among older adults in Europe, with a focus on individual and country-level variation and drivers. 2.

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Marina Näsman: And this is an ongoing work within the cvex project that I will tell you more about shortly, and you can also see the full list of my co-authors here. So we have Fritzi Kamika from all back at Midi University, in Finland, Tone, and Sarah from Bridge University, Brussels in Belgium, and then Rodrigo from University of Barcelona in Spain.

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Marina Näsman: So first a little about cvex, then cvex is an acronym for exclusion from civic engagement of a diverse older population, features, experiences, and policy implications. One.

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Marina Näsman: This is a 3 year project founded by the joint mit Ctl. And program. More initiative, more your better lives, and it will continue until the end of September next year 2,

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Marina Näsman: and if you wish to know more about the project, you can please visit our website.

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Marina Näsman: and the aim of cvex is to investigate features of exclusion from multi-dimensional civic engagement in later life and older adults, experiences of such exclusions and to identify evidence-based policy responses to address exclusion from civic activities

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Marina Näsman: and Cvex contains 4 work work packages, and I will present a study that is connected to W. P. 2, which focuses on quantitative studies.

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Marina Näsman: And within that work package we have included 3 different main objectives focusing on the micro Meso and the micro level of 150

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Marina Näsman: contexts which could be expected to influence all the people's civic engagement. And this study will focus on

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Marina Näsman: on objective one and 3. So the micro and the macro levels.

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Marina Näsman: So more specifically, this study aims to address 2 knowledge gaps that we have identified in previous research and civic engagement in later life.

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Marina Näsman: So, first of all, a few studies have included several aspects of civic engagement. In later life they usually focus on only one aspect, such as volunteering.

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Marina Näsman: So what we aim to do within the cvex project, and what really lies at heart of the project is to view civic engagement as a multi-dimensional concept

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Marina Näsman: mit ctl, and and what we also wanted to look further into was to compare the predictors, because that's also something that hasn't been done that much previously. So our study includes 4 aspects of civic engagement, 101

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Marina Näsman: political participation, formal volunteering association of participation and informal helping behavior. And the second gap concerns country level variations and the role of welfare State commitment which are also under explored.

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Marina Näsman: So our study includes level of social expenditure as a proxy for welfare state commitment

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Marina Näsman: in 32 European countries.

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Marina Näsman: and we also wanted to connect the micro and the micro level in this study by exploring how individual resources, such as educational level in common health interact with welfare State commitments. So, for example, does the effect of educational

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Marina Näsman: level vary between the different countries that we have included.

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Marina Näsman: So the aim was simply to examine multi-dimensional civic engagement in later life, and individual and country-level predictors in Europe. and based on what we have seen in previous research, we

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Marina Näsman: formulated 3 different type of pieces mit Ctl. And the first one concerns that having more social structural resources, that is, the individual resources is positively associated with civic engagement. 2.

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Marina Näsman: But we also expect that the role of individual resources could be expected to differ to some extent when it comes to informal helping behavior. And the second one concerns the micro level, and we assume that civic engagement in later life is more common in countries with strong welfare, state commitment.

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Marina Näsman: and the third and last one concerns the cross-level interaction that is, the interaction between the micro and micro level, so that the effect of individual social structural resources on civic engagement would be weaker in countries with higher welfare state commitment.

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Marina Näsman: So to test these hyper thesis, we have used data from the European quality of Life Survey, also called Eq. Ls. And it was lastly collected in 2,016, and included then 33 different countries. But we had to exclude one on them, namely, Albania, because we didn't have data on the social expenditure

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Marina Näsman: in that country

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Marina Näsman: and the the Qls. Is aimed at people aged 18 and over. But since cvex focuses mainly on older adults. We chose to analyze a sub sample of people 8, 65 years and older.

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Marina Näsman: and the

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Marina Näsman: is conducted by the euro-found. So you can find more information about the study on their website.

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Marina Näsman: So moving on to the measures that we have used to access civic engagement, I won't have time to go into any detail on all of the items that we have used for the measurement. But here you can get an overview of how we have assessed political participation, volunteering association of participation and informal helping behavior.

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Marina Näsman: And you can see also that the number of items that we have included for the different measures varies a bit.

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Marina Näsman: but all of them are then combined into 4 different measures, that we have also dec optimized, so that we can assess whether the respondent has done any of these or not, and 150.

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Marina Näsman: So we don't, for example, take intensity into into account, so we don't know how often they have done this.

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Marina Näsman: then we also include a set of predictors on the individual level. And the main focus in the study is on the social structural resources, and that was, as I said, educational level income and self-rated health.

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Marina Näsman: But we also include age, gender, employment, status, and whether the respondent lives with a partner or not as controls.

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Marina Näsman: and on the country level we use a measure of social expenditure which we have derived from Eurostat, so that reflects how much the country depends on social protection measured as but the percentage of Gdp.

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Marina Näsman: And then, short about the analysis we use to level binary logistic regression analysis for each type of civic engagement with individuals nested into countries.

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Marina Näsman: and we test 3 different models for each outcome. The first one includes the social structural resources. The second one, then additionally adds the social expenditure variable on the country level 2.

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Marina Näsman: And then, lastly, we also test for the cross-level interactions one by one. So, for example, the testing for the interaction between educational level and social expenditure on political participation and so on.

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Marina Näsman: So then I would like to start by showing you some descriptive results. so this is a map of the included countries in the data set.

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Marina Näsman: And this one shows you the percentage of older adults engaging in political activities during the last 12 months, when the survey was conducted.

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Marina Näsman: So you can see that a high, darker shade of blue indicates a higher level of participation. And on the right hand side you can also see a bar which shows that the level of a political participation varies between 5 and 65% between the different countries.

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Marina Näsman: And you can also see somewhat of regional differences here. So different parts of your shows.

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Marina Näsman: slightly different patterns when it comes to the level of participation.

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Marina Näsman: And then, if we look at the same map this time focusing on voluntary work, you can see that the pattern is

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Marina Näsman: a bit the same that there are some variations between the countries. This time it ranges between 5 and 47%. And also here that we have, for example, higher levels in the northern countries compared to the Eastern European countries.

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Marina Näsman: the same pattern can also be seen, or a similar pattern can be seen for the percentage of older adults taking part of associational activities. And you can also see that it varies a lot between the countries between 7 to 76%.

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Marina Näsman: What? I could also add, that's this, quite from at least from my perspective, a bit interesting to see that

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Marina Näsman: these types of civic engagement are, as I said, high in the Nordic countries, which also are

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Marina Näsman: quite known to have an extensive welfare state model.

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Marina Näsman: So for the fourth and last one

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Marina Näsman: you can see that this time the pattern is a bit different, maybe that there's slightly less variation when it comes to informal helping behavior.

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Marina Näsman: But also here we can see that the Nordic countries rank quite high when it comes to this type of civic engagement.

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Marina Näsman: Then.

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Marina Näsman: if I will, I will show you something about the if I manage to switch the slides. Yes, no mit Ctl and about the regression analysis. So these are the pre preliminary results connected to our first and second hypothesis. So I've chosen to show you Model 2 where we have both the individual level variables and the country-level variables. 1, 2.

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Marina Näsman: So you can also see that the statistically significant

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Marina Näsman: associations are marked in bold text

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Marina Näsman: mit Ctl, and and what we can generally see if we start by looking at educational level. A higher level of education is positively associated with engaging in political participation, volunteering, and a cessation of participation.

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Marina Näsman: But it could not be established concerning informal helping behavior.

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Marina Näsman: We can also see somewhat clearer pattern when it comes to the association between income and political participation and volunteering, and a cessation of participation compared to informal helping behavior.

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Marina Näsman: Then, if we look at self-rated health, we saw a positive effect of having good self-rated health and likelihood to volunteer and to participate in association on activities.

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Marina Näsman: So if we have, then a look at the micro-level variable, the social expenditure in the country, we can see that this is one

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Marina Näsman: Erez Agmoni, quite consistent across all 4 types of silic activities. So a higher level of social expenditure is associated with the higher likelihood of engaging in all 4 types of civic activities.

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Marina Näsman: And then, with regards to the third hypothesis, we found only one statistically significant cost level interaction.

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Marina Näsman: And that's concerned the educational level time, social expenditure on a cessation or participation.

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Marina Näsman: So, to illustrate this interaction effect, I have used the margins plot, command in stata, and this figure. What this figure shows you is an illustration of. As the social expenditure in the country increases with the higher level of social expenditure, the effect of educational level decreases.

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Marina Näsman: So there is. You are less dependent on your educational level in countries with high social expenditure.

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Marina Näsman: So to wrap things up

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Marina Näsman: just shortly about the discussion. So the first and the second hot faces were largely supported, but we only found some support for the third one.

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Marina Näsman: and what the results show is that the educational level income and self-rated health generally seem to affect civic engagement among older adults.

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Marina Näsman: But we also, as we somewhat expected, found that the drivers of providing informal help are somewhat different.

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Marina Näsman: So this is quite an interesting finding, and

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Marina Näsman: it could have something to do with that

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Marina Näsman: for one on the one side, that

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Marina Näsman: informal help is less dependent on your social structural resources, but also that the drivers can be somewhat different. For example, related to no one so values or family duties and the necessity of the

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Marina Näsman: activity.

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Marina Näsman: This could be especially relevant for our study when we looked at the informal helping behavior as foremost in formal care

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Marina Näsman: mit Ctl, and and we could also see that the differences in the levels of civic engagement between the European countries could partly be explained by welfare, state commitment 250.

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Marina Näsman: So what this this take home message is maybe that social investment can have a positive impact on civic engagement in later life, which is something that we also, of course, want to highlight from a policy perspective.

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Marina Näsman: So thank you for your attention. And here you can also see some more information about Cvex and the funding that have made this

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Marina Näsman: particular presentation and our project possible.

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Marina Näsman: So thank you. And I look forward to any questions that you may have.

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Okay, thank you very much, Marina. we'll probably move on to the next presentation, and we gather all the questions at the end in the very end. Is that fine? You agree? Yes, okay.

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having this said, I'm next in line, so I should be presenting

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some research I have conducted. So how can I?

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A few presentations in here?

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Because they have to screen?

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Yeah.

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Jerry.

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there it is. Yeah, thank you. Can you see the presentation online?

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Yes, we can see it. Daniel. Yes, okay, thank you. Thank you for confirming.

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So thank you for having me here. I'll present some very preliminary results from my doctoral desertation. The title of this presentation is

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life. Histories of older adults activisms, their experiences, practices and meanings.

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Okay.

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so here I have a general menu kind of the table of contents of what I'm going to be talking about. First, I'll start off with providing some general background.

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Then I will post the research questions that lead this research.

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Then I'll walk you through some very general view of the theoretical framework I will be using. Then I'll tell you about the methods and techniques I'll be using in this research. Then I'll characterize the participants where that were involved in this research.

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then share with you some of the preliminary results of this, and finally questions and answers. But, as I said just now. Probably we could gather them all by the end of the of the session.

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So, to begin with, regarding the relationship between political participation and age. This has been a fairly research topic in the last decade, or even more. And to me there's an interesting debate in this relationship in that.

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there seems to be like a a debate on whether political participation on age. There's a sort of a habit, or there's a rather plasticity, a a dynamic going on. So, for example, what's been called the formative years and youth.

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it's it's a to kind of an imprint

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the main political interest. I will that will continue on later in life.

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versus or visivis, a more plasticity kind of argument. And that says that. Well, people, yes, it's true that there's like an imprint that could be exerted at youth. But there's people are also have agency, and they could change throughout the life course.

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and so this is a very interesting debate to me.

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then. regarding non-institutional politics. just now, and Marina's for presentation. They were talking about political participation. Many different ways of participating politically. And this research are more interested in the non institutional politics because there's a lot of research conducted on the rather institutional politics, that older people participating, that which is pretty much voting, voting and behavior.

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and it's when we talk about not institutional politics, such as, for example, protesting behavior, we pretty much the common Belief is that this is pretty much belongs to the domain of youth.

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But recent research in the last decade. provides more. Insight that older people are keeping up actually in rates of participating politically in this way, and in some countries they are participating even more than the youth in the local country. So this is like a very interesting trend in the last decade.

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The same goes with digital technologies. This is commonly believed that this pertains to the domain of youth.

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but there's been a lot of research in the last 2 decades. That shows that older people are not only very interested or can be very interested in adopting new technologies, but they are also, they're also like very Highly skilled. So this kind of It's a counter. contradicts common belief that older people are not either not interested and are not scale or not capable of learning. New technologies.

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So Both non-institutional politics and digital technologies. Again, there's a common belief that they pertain to the domain of youth and sisters a gap. And what happens in this terms with older people? It is that that would be interesting to know, to learn more about what's going on with older people's activism and their use of digital technologies.

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So, having to say it, the general question that I came up with is, how have older adults engaged in socio-political activism throughout their lives. This is the main question.

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and from this I have a several more specific questions that I addressed as a general one. The first one is to know what vectors this is. Either actors or events have been influential in their political socialization.

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What have been the motives that have driven their engagement throughout their lives? In what ways have they practiced their activism?

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And finally, how has the introduction of the Internet? Specifically, the Internet affected their activism.

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So as a very general overview of the theoretical framework, I'm going to be drawing from to inform the analysis of this research, I take a lot from social movement studies and particularly in social movement studies, that there's a lot of theoretical approaches that talk about a more Microsoftological standpoint. And there's also some currents from social psychology which I'll be taking also. for the analysis

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from aging studies. you might already notice that by the nature of the questions I would be taking a life course perspective, because I'm on examining the life courses trajectories and and political activism. So I, I draw a lot from the life course perspective.

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And finally, there's a lot of going on from digital media studies and digital sociology. So this is more or less the the broad theoretical framework that's going to be informed. The analysis

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regarding consequently, regarding the the methods and techniques I took 2 cultural settings to engage, not in a comparison kind of study, but just to take 2 different places and see what similarities and and differences they they have. So, on the one hand, I've conducted field work in Greater Montreal. This is the metropolitan area of Montreal

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on the one hand, and the and, on the other hand, I also conducted field work in the greater Barcelona area, which is also the the metropolitan area of Barcelona.

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The approach here is about biograph. I draw a lot from biographical studies, and this specific technique here uses. life history interviews.

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And for the interpretation I use the usual interpretative analysis, such as a open and focused coding. So and also thematic analysis. So this is more or less the the broad methods and techniques I I've been using.

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So regarding the participants. Characterization I interviewed 20 people in in Greater Montreal. participants had to be 65 years old or over. They had to be residents in the in the respective area, either in Greater Montreal or in grade of Barcelona.

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And they had to self identify themselves as activists. So it's a very broad criteria to participate in in the in the study. So in Greater Montreal I was able to assemble 20 participants.

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Most of them were not Canadian born which tells you a lot about the the large history, and in Canada of immigration.

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So only 40% of the participants were Canadian born. The the the mean age of participants of the participants was 75 years old. but the vast majority of them were women.

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Most of them also had a high degree higher degree, educational attitudes. Most of them were retired, and they were overwhelmingly a frequent daily Internet users as well.

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whereas in the case of Greater Barcelona, I also was able to assemble 20 participants.

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Big difference here is already approaching that all of my participants in Greater Barcelona were born in Spain, which also reflects a little bit on the differences of immigration history, and in both the provinces

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the mean age is very similar. 75 years old in the case of of Greater Barcelona, and this in this case also, there were also mostly men. They were mostly highly educated, but less compared to the Canadian case.

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They also Most of them were retired, fully retired in the case of Canada and Quebec.

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There were some participants that combined paid work with partial retirement, whereas in the case of Barcelona they were pretty much everyone was retired.

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and of course, also there were frequent daily Internet users as well in Barcelona.

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So this is the the the participants characterization. I will walk you through the preliminary results. I don't know. Have I enough time to show to go through and detail with each a quote, but I will try to show you the general results I obtain this far

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so pertaining to a social Political system! I could verify that parents, of course. As the literature tells.

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they they exert on a heavy influence, but in different directions. So, of course, on the one hand, you have participants that were heavily influenced by their parents. I already okay. 5. they were already heavily influenced by their parents if they're very political. So they were claiming of a continuation from their political orientation, but they could also represent a rupture

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from their parents. Political ideology. So you get both, actually, which is a really interesting thing. But the literature usually talks about the continuation factor, but in this study I I was able to find that there was like in some cases, and many of them. There was an actual rupture from their parents. Politics

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I will go through More quickly, because I have less time now. One interesting thing that I found out in this research is that religion can have actually a lesson impact. So there were some people that they initially had a religious background, but their religiousness were, was progress gradually vanishing throughout their lives, whereas for other people, their religion, their religiosity, was really staying, and they could tell that it it sort of like an influence

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into their political interest. Actually right? So so in some cases their underlying values, their interest and concerns, were attributed to their religious background. And one interesting thing that I have to mention that both cases in Montreal and in Barcelona there is a heavy

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Catholic Tradition! And this sort of some influence on on some of the participants. But in Montreal there was also, like a heavy influence also from the Unitarian Church, with a Protestant branch of the of of the religion. So this was really interesting to see as well.

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I would say that, like the key socializer, are the experiences that the participant participants go through so primarily with their own, but also when they observed others experiences that also helps in their political socialization.

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we're talking about a highly educated group of people. So their studies were a significant moment in the lies that acquired From which they acquired their political socialization. But this is an interesting thing that also their paid work.

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was, and a very important also. Influencer! For their political interest. Actually. So, this is the case of a woman that worked in social work. And and this is like for her. This was like the turning point that made her more interested in politics rather than their studies.

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Regarding the their motives, pretty much. The values and experiences were imbued in their motives. So there's a lot of people that, for example, talked about justice include inclusion, dignity.

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making a change, and the

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again, the self and the life experiences are significant drivers. So if they've been, for example, we have the case here of a person that she could relate to different political issues because she has a way to relate with them. I mean she. She has been young mouse who, on welfare so she could relate to those issues. She is a senior, so she could relate to that poverty. So this have the issues that they're interested in. Someone has a connection with them, right?

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In some cases it was. there's a sort of sense of collecting nourishment when they act together with other people. So this is the case of a documentary film worker

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that was really interested in in in this teamwork ethos.

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where you rely on the on the talents and the support of others to to be participating in their in their collective activism, whereas if they had to work all alone, they would be not really interesting at all.

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but also there are some more more selfish, so to speak, more selfish. motives. So, for example, for this case.

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this is a a quote from, for example, she says, From Barcelona I once heard Louis Yak, who's a muse famous songwriter and musician in in Catalonia says that what I do. I don't do it for others. I do it for myself, and I appropriate it because I think it's true. I mean, it's first comes to the the the the ego, and then comes helping the the rest.

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I'm rushing in. Regarding the ways of participation. I I found a a very wide variety of activism, so it could go from the settler organization, such as, for example, political parties themselves.

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But it then it goes also to the other extreme. And so it includes also very lax. membership to to groups, or even members. Being part of specific actions that they're not. That's not require them to be former. formal members. Right?

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So, for example, in this case, this woman in in Pont Claire, she says that she prefers to be a community actors, because that's the way that she feels more comfortable and rushing.

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There's also different roles and identity. So there's the frontline. activists like the very visible, very loud front line and the protest line. But it's also the backstage activist. So the archivist.

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the ones that do a silent kind of a activism, the ones that are more solid, not visible. So this is what this quote here kind of tries to reflect that he likes to kind of look for information and help disseminating the message out there not being in front line.

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And the last point I wanted to raise here is that for some the Internet meant adopting the Internet a change of means. So this pretty much means that they introduced it as an instrumental kind of element into their activist practice. So, for example, for this woman, the adoption of Internet was pretty much just a method. I mean, that's it. Okay, just last one.

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And as for others the Internet meant that change of paradigm is not only an instrumental element on this, but there's also like a. This is a game changer, because it introduces new ways of conceptualizing activism. So this person here talks about horizontal horizontality, collaborativeness, accountability, transparency, and so on and so forth.

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So this is all I've got so thank you very much for your attention.

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and thank you

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for us.

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so

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so now I guess we can move to the third presentation by Ima Beeto, Milan The presentation is called older migrants and older people living in socially disadvantaged communities, perspectives on barriers and enablers to civic engagement.

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to do? How should I do this?

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Inmaculada Peiro Milian: Maybe. Hello, Daniel. If you can just stop sharing, I can. Maybe I can

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Inmaculada Peiro Milian: share my screen.

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Inmaculada Peiro Milian: Okay, let me take the sharing.

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Inmaculada Peiro Milian: Then you listen to me. Well, okay, it's it's it. Okay? Oh, yeah, yes, perfectly.

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Inmaculada Peiro Milian: And you can see the presentation also.

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Inmaculada Peiro Milian: because I'm going to need some people in the in the room to read. So that's the reason why I'm asking if it's visible. If anyone has travel to what it currently they can move to the front row. They can sit in the front row because you are going to reading this session today. Well, hello and welcome everyone. And to this session about barriers and enablers of civic engagement describe by older people. My name is in.

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Inmaculada Peiro Milian: as Daniel said, and I'm going to be the presenter for today's session on behalf of the International group of professionals you can see under the Go offering credits title. At this moment I'm in the middle of my research project to get the Phd. In social psychology at the University in Spain.

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Inmaculada Peiro Milian: And I'm also working as a research assistant in the German Policy Research group for the project cvex, which Marina explained before.

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Inmaculada Peiro Milian: I'm also happy to be in this session, because I see a lot of connection with what Daniel has presented, and also with some presentations we had yesterday related to all the people and the barriers they had when they were using digital technologies like, for example, grazine Arapole in a presentation. So if you can have a look at that it's great. So let's see what it's in here.

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Inmaculada Peiro Milian:  during this

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Inmaculada Peiro Milian: presentation. I will start giving a little background on the study about. See? We can get to of all the people. And why we focus in these concrete groups of people, and I will also explain how we collected the information from our informants, and I will show you extracts of the interview, so you can have a taste on how they talk about barriers and enablers

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Inmaculada Peiro Milian: in this part I will be needed. Your collaboration, as I was mentioning, but that will be later. Finally, I will share some ideas that come out of this preliminary view of the information. Please take into account that we are just describing the surface on this project and that further and deep and analysis and results will be published in the following months.

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Inmaculada Peiro Milian: As I mentioned before, the end of this 2. This is to explore the barriers and enable us to multi-dimensional forms of civic engagement among all their people in this case, with all the people with the non European background, who have migrated in adulthood, and all the people living in socially disadvantaged urban areas in 4 countries, Belgium, Spain, filling and Sweden.

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Inmaculada Peiro Milian: This presentation is based on the information gathered for the project. Cvex, that my colleague Marina Nasman, talk about it during her presentation, and as she mentioned. It, is a study about excursion for participation

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Inmaculada Peiro Milian: in this session. We are talking about the work package 3. What we call work with package. 3. Marina. Talk about the second.

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Inmaculada Peiro Milian: and in this one we use qualitative methodologies not quantitative. This presentation will display the most recurring topics brought to light by our informants to give you a taste of the preliminary results of the analysis. We are in the midst of conducting the 2 research questions in this case? Where? What are the barriers and enablers to multi-dimensional civic engagement? Do older people with non European background? And all

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Inmaculada Peiro Milian: people living in socially disadvantaged urban areas perceive.

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Inmaculada Peiro Milian: And if these barriers and enablers show variations according to the group interview or the type of activity considered

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Inmaculada Peiro Milian: well, as Marina mentioned already. we are studying this, because, all the other civic engagement has become a key topic in social in the last century. this type of engagement has the potential to promote healthy and successful aging while strengthening ties within the communities

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Inmaculada Peiro Milian: and also reception and engagement in later life has been steadily expanding over the last decades. there are notable blindness in the scholarship.

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Inmaculada Peiro Milian: and one of those is the This is scholarship doesn't focus on the groups at risk of exclusion like these 2 we are focusing on today, and they are neglecting the multi-dimensionality of civic engagement. most of the research has exclusively addressed formal volunteering and other types of civic engagement are largely overlooked.

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Inmaculada Peiro Milian: so that's a proposed. We are doing this additional view

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Inmaculada Peiro Milian: in general in research on other people's civic engagement has failed to address diversity.

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Inmaculada Peiro Milian: And so most of the studies have been based on easy to reach populations. In our case we are going to this

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Inmaculada Peiro Milian: potentially excluding populations, and for the people with non European background who have migrated in the adulthood. And what we see in the data is that they shed of migrants with 65 years old and more in the international migration stop, and Europe is like 16.2. So it's expected to grow with this movement between countries and continents

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Inmaculada Peiro Milian: and European societies have been pregnant for migrants integration for some time regarding the people living in socially disadvantaged urban areas. We can see that the living environment has a strong influence on exclusion and exclusion processes and the institutional abandonment and the lack of services that are common in this socially disadvantaged areas.

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Inmaculada Peiro Milian: E. It may have an effect on that. So if we had to this fact, that civic engagement is one of the cornerstairs of participatory democracy, 250,

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Inmaculada Peiro Milian: and this type of engagement is also instrumental in preventing session explosion. Then it's probably understandable that some of us find it puzzling. That civic engagement among these groups has, until now at least, not receive the scholarly attention that it deserves.

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Inmaculada Peiro Milian: Let's move ahead with the

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Inmaculada Peiro Milian: How we conducted, how how we collected the information, and we conducted life story interviews with 60 non European, all their migrants, 15 in each country, and with 60, all their people living in socially disadvantaged urban areas. Again, 15. In each country life a story is revolved around experiences and dynamics of multi-dimensional forms of civic engagement across the live course

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Inmaculada Peiro Milian: we use live diagrams. This picture that you can see on the right bottom corner. in order to co- construct with participants, their stories and trajectories of civic engagement. We also use the scale reflecting multi-dimensional civic engagement. But this information has not been analyzed yet. So I'm not turning it in today's presentation. Maybe in a future one.

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Inmaculada Peiro Milian: I will start by showing some answers related to the target groups of informants we approach here. I will show you how the answers look like for our different groups. In order to start our analysis. We call it the answers in some categories that I will be mentioning along in in the following slides.

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Inmaculada Peiro Milian: If you have a sample of the answers we receive, so you can have an idea in this case one of the sample for each of the targeted groups of informants, and

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Inmaculada Peiro Milian: I like to share what kind of answers we are calling as language related, and as H. Related, so I warn you, at the beginning of the presentation, that I was going to meet your participation. Now it's the time I'll give you a couple of minutes, so you can read the captions yourselves before moving ahead.

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Inmaculada Peiro Milian: Okay, let's move ahead

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Inmaculada Peiro Milian: Mit.

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Inmaculada Peiro Milian: But as you can see, this first 2 dimensions of civic engagement. We consider our associational activities and voluntary. Let's move to the following, too.

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Inmaculada Peiro Milian: In this case you can see the mass the most studied types of civic participation which are the ones related to politics. And we question about voting political participation in organizations and political participation outside of organization. So like, more spontaneous or individually motivated.

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Inmaculada Peiro Milian: And most of the categories we assign to the answers are present both as an enablers and as barrier. So that's the reason why you will see that sometimes we use it as any neighbor, and sometime as our real. Let's move to the next one.

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Inmaculada Peiro Milian: And finally, we included 2 types of civic participation less covered by nature to digital civic engagement and informal help Provider to others. I'll give you after we have with this?

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Inmaculada Peiro Milian: If we we got the research questions we have at the beginning. The first one was what barriers and enablers to multi-dimensional civic engagement do all their people with a non European background, and all the people living in socially disadvantage, you run any as per safe. So, in our preliminary analysis of the life life course interviews.

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Inmaculada Peiro Milian: we compass of different enablers and barrier specific engagement ranging from personal facets to more context to our organizational or relational one. So you can see here, this circle simulating what is more,

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Inmaculada Peiro Milian: close to the person and what is expanded outside the person in the social context.

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Inmaculada Peiro Milian: the second research question, was, if the barriers and enable show variation according to the group interview and the type of civic activity considered, we perceive, consistency in both loops. Also they expressed the enablers and barriers in a different way, and following the categories we are adopting. Barriers are found within personal circumstances, life, events and transitions, personal beliefs, quality or attractiveness of the activity

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Inmaculada Peiro Milian: E. C.

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Inmaculada Peiro Milian: And under circumstances it it. It brings a more, it seems to be more important to the group living in a socially disadvantaged area

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Inmaculada Peiro Milian: on enablers. Both groups concur on actions or feelings related to personal beliefs, values, or personality, personal circumstances, social network quality or attractiveness of the activity and life, events and transition. So no difference.

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Inmaculada Peiro Milian: as far as we have revealed regarding the enablers. The category receiving more attention is social and political context. When discussing about 3 death reforms of the political participation in organizations of side organizations and voting

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Inmaculada Peiro Milian: on the other side, the influence of the family seems to be regarded in informant, her provided, and digital participation also.

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Inmaculada Peiro Milian: When we look at the barriers, one of the things that prevents our informants from participating in digital civic engagement is the lack of training they feel they have in technology and something they didn't mention in other activity. Types like informal, had provided, for example, and when discussing about digital and political participation informants mentioned often the lack of attractiveness or the quality of the activities. Okay.

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Inmaculada Peiro Milian: something that didn't appear in other types of I  having that in mind.

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Inmaculada Peiro Milian: we like to give some ideas to practitioners and policy make the makers working in favor of all their people participation. And first of all, we need to bear in mind the personal circumstances of each participant trying not to be too genetic, or thinking that older people are all a homogeneous group. They are different interests, different life, trajectories, family network super received, etc.

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Inmaculada Peiro Milian: And the more activities we can adapt or customize the better numbers of participation we will get. It could help to have in mind the context where the participation happens if it is known or unknown by the participant, if there is a need or prior information before starting the to participate.

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Inmaculada Peiro Milian: And finally, it seems to be important to our reformers to be aware of the huge ranch of participation options. We've been focused on associations, balloturism, politics in formal abroad and digital participation. All of them are activities where our informants feel motivated to participate in, and as they seem to make them feel

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Inmaculada Peiro Milian: contributing to the society, and that should be recognized, valued, and support.

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Inmaculada Peiro Milian: And I will think that will be all. With that. Since my presentation today, I think I skip a couple of minutes for the next one, I don't want to conclude without giving thanks to the Cvex project and the initiative. More years better lives that is, supporting it, as well as the Ministry of Science in Spain, the University of Barcelona, for having me in the project. I also would like to thank Dr. Rodrigo Sarad, present to lay in the room

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Inmaculada Peiro Milian: or individual room as a coordinator of the Symposium and the to the International Sociological Association for the Twentieth Work Congress, and for having such an interesting topic as resurgent authoritarianism. Thanks for your attention, and I will be more than happy to answer any questions or listen to any comments you may reach me through here or to the platform or to my email. Thank you so much.

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Okay, so thank you very much, Emma, for your presentation. Next we have. June Mosson. The title of of his presentation is the reciprocal relationship between social engagement and cognitive function among older adults in so in South Korea.

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so it's yours.

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Yeah.

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Such, you?

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 okay,

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thanks for giving this opportunity to present a paper this is a a collaborative project with Dr. To to some and then This project has been already published. So I I will give you the the the citation information at the back.

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 this is about once again, with proper relationship between engagement and a cognitive function. in South Korean, older adults.

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So this is the research background. there have been many studies that are there with the the impact of social engagement on cognitive, cognitive function of the order, others, rather than the impact of cognitive function on the social engagement.

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in the other way around. So we need to know, what's the the bi-directional association between these 2 factors.

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So in the relevant studies, former and informal social engagement were not differentiated. This is another Gap in the research or in the literature. So we need to know what could be the relationships between formal engagement and cognitive function and uniform on social engagement and cognitive function. So we are doing these 2 things in this study.

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So the research questions, the first one, whether informal and formal social engagement, are related to cognitive health. And the second research question, if cognitive function has a bi-directional or reciprocal effect on social engagement.

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So quite simple.

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and the data are from from Korea. which is called Korean longitudinal study of agent Closa.

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And it's publicly available. And the initial survey was done in 2,006, and it gathered information about many aspects of the Order of earth. And

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I can say, did the meat aged others as well? they were a social economic conditions, health and well-being and family and social lives, and It covered More than 10,000! Others aged 45 years or above.

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And the closer, continued the the binary bay in your survey even Nowadays. And It reached the seventh wave in 2,018, with an overall sample retention rate over the years of 78%,

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which is quite good.

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And

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in the study. we excluded 3 part of the sample, the first one 3,296 respondents. They were aged less than 55 at Wave one. So We wanted to have or the other taste, at least 55 in the sample, in the analytic example.

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and then about 2,000 responders who passed away. In the 12 year, observation, window, and the other 128 respondents who reported a formal diagnosis of dementia by the time of the final wave, because if we mix these persons with the other respondents who got

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the Mms. E. the test? Then that's a that's a kind of unfair game amongst them. So when we excluded these persons with the former diagnosis

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and the study, employed, the full information, maximum likelihood estimator to account for the missing data, and the imputed sample. the size was 4,700,

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and of course they didn't have 4 more like the major diagnosis.

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and these were the measures. Regarding informal social engagement. We had a single measure, frequency of contact with familiar persons.

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And It was about how often a respondent met friends, relatives, and neighbors, and the range was from one almost never to 10. Almost every day.

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and there were 2 measures of the former social engagement, the first one number of association on memberships and there were 7 types of associations, including religious group Border Alerts Club or rotating credit association among friends and neighbors. You know it's quite long, and it's a kind of

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indigenous or a local type of association and a a leisure culture and sports group and including a political association.

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and then the second one. It's related to first a measure of the former engagement frequency of organization activities, and it was about how frequently a respondent engaged in each of these 7 association activities, and the range was from almost never to 10 or most every day, and we assigned maximum frequency of activity among the 7 types of associations reported by a respondent. so yeah. So there is that

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and cognitive function. We used a Korean version of Mmse, which is called K. Mms. A. Minneapolis state examination, and of course it was a a translated and modified version of the original M. And Mmse. And It dealt with the the health of cognitive health domains like orientation to time and place, short term and long-term memory and arithmetic, ability, language, and visual construction.

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and the study used a someated scale, and the range of which was from 0 to 30. Of course, the higher the score, the better the cognitive function.

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And this is the descriptive statistics table. As you can see. The the cognitive function actually declined. Over time! From 25 to 23.5 In 12 years. And Regarding the social engagement, former social engagement, number of association membership. It declined a little bit

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from one to point 9 and frequency of the social activities. it was similar 5.0 5 to 5.1 1 1 0, and in former social engagement the contact frequency with familiar familiar persons declined a little bit from 7.6 to 7.1

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and then we also controlled for functional limitations and depression and health behaviors and medical medical status and household income and working status and urban or rural residents as the time varying controls, and there were time, invariant controls that was from they were from from wave one such as age

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sex, education and religion. Okay, so you have some time to read

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some part of the table. If you're interested. I will go to the next one.

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regarding the method, we use the dynamic pattern model with fixed effects fitted using a structure equation modeling. there is actually us called mlsm, because it's too long, and it produces unbiased estimates of the cross-slag time, varying predictors on the interested outcome measure, controlling for the lack effect of the outcome on itself.

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So what it does is that it controls for the the effect of something on itself across time, and at the same time it

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tries to tease out the long-term effect of something on the other. Like, for instance, if you are interested in social engagement on cognitive function. There could be 2 types of relationship between these 2. For instance, No. D. D.

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The measure of social engagement engagement, which was measured in prior time can affect the cognitive function

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and then, if the calling that social engagement was measured at the same time point at which the cognitive function was measured, there could be proximal association. So we are controlling for proximal association to see the effect of the longitudinal effect of the social engagement on cognitive function. Likewise, it can be applied to Co need to function social engagement as well. Right? So that's what we are doing.

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And the third point and Mlsm differs from the other types of cross-legged seams, because it accounts for unmeasured time. Invariant individual individual trades having a latent construct that observes unmeasured, unitspecific. Fixed effects, you know. It sounds so long and awkward. Simply put.

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it tries to see

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within person variation or within person change over time.

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So it it cancels out all types of between-person variation. which may translate the association between the 2 variables you are interested in. So once again. It's about within person. Change over time.

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So this is the first

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scm table mlsm, table. So the outcome measure here is the cognitive function. And then, as I told you, we had the formal and informal engagement as the the main predictors. And so you are to focus more on the cross-legged effect part. So first, let's see, lack the effect.

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Cognitive functions. Okay, 5 min steps. Cognitive function on the cognitive function across time. Of course it should be, you know, very strong, and it was actually quite strong in terms of the standardized coefficients.

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And then, regarding the effect of the number of association on membership. That was the first measure of the formal engagement. Right? So it was significant, however, the the standardized co coefficient shows some of, you know, low loading on that.

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And then the second one frequency of organization activities. It was also significant. And then, if you look at the frequency of the contact with the familiar persons, the informer engagement measure. It was also significant.

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So if we, if you combine these 2 types of engagement like you, you you you never usually you rarely conduct former engagement alone or informal engagement alone in, in, in daily life we do contact with familiar persons, and using some time, we do some some former things right? So if we combine this to what happens.

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So, for instance, number of also change your membership and frequency of contact with familiar persons. it didn't matter, however, if you go to model 5. if you look at the effect of frequency of organization activities and frequency of contact with the familiar persons only the the frequency of organizational activities. It was significant.

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then, if you go to model 6. If we combine all these 3

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in the same basket membership and frequency of the activities and frequency of with the familiar persons, you know, all these effects go away.

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probably because they were, they are too highly correlated. So we decided to set the model 5 as default model.

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Now, the other outcome measure, social engagement simple the lack. The effect was strong. As you can see, the number of association members in the prior time was highly related to number of association members in the in the letter time. Likewise the other 2 variables as well. Now we are to see the effect of the cognitive function.

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It was quite strong and consistent. So cognitive function. made order that to be lively and active.

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their engagements informally and formally.

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Okay, so that's the message

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and the research. Once again, you know, I I would repeat, regarding the effect of the informal former social engagement on the cognitive function to fix the facts, estimates confirm that regularly, regularly conducting organizer activities mattered more than merely hoarding a membership. That's the first message

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and informal engagement. Frequent contact with familiar persons had only a proximately fat, not prospective effect on cognitive function. and then in some regular organization activities were more but robust in protecting cognitive function. That's the first side of the story.

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So I will skip the last point and then goes to the complete function.

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concerning the bi-directional relationship co cognitive function increased the degree of both formal and informal engagements over time, and then the Mls. Are supported. The social causation and health selection mechanisms. In conclusion right?

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And so it should be duly noted that the impact of the the cognitive function on social engagement seems more considerable than the other way around. According to the respective standardized coefficients. For instance, let me go back a little bit.

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So it was by cross-legged effect. Only you only look at the course like the effect terms from 0 to 4 to 0 point 0 6.

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And then if you go to the prior slide, it's about, you know, point 0 one level. in terms of the cognitive function. And in terms of the standardized coefficients.

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Okay? So

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yep. So the study identifies. a respiratory association between formal social engagement and cognitive function, however, not between informal engagement and cognitive function.

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okay. So the frequent engagement at the organizational level protects all the other's cognitive function and in particular order. Others involvement in a type of association more cultural, embedded in the local social, cultural context.

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matters significantly in maintaining a cognitive function, because, as I told you, the local version of the the Association had the largest defect in increasing or maintaining a cognitive function over time.

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This is the citation information of publication information. Okay, the

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I'm done. Thanks.

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Okay. Thank you. for your presentation. Last presentation in this section is from Yoshinodi Kasai, and the title is Older adults, civic engagement in various way based on their life histories and local newsletters

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just like this. Next

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good morning. I'm Yoshi from Ko University, Japan. I am honored to present on this occasion. Today I report on the community activities on of obesity, elderly in one over to Japan's new town

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in Japan. In addition to a decreasing population due to declining V isolated, the percentage of ordinary people is increasingly, rapidly under these circumstances, and the elderly can be expected not only to elusive support, but also to be a humanlysis that contributes to the community.

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I am, namely, researching traditional buildings in Japan. There are the number of 4 customers that have continued from long ago, the lot of each. Each age group in these events is also determined

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in communities with their listed strong social norms, to conform to the laws of the elderly.

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I also deploy to some extent.

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aside from malaria's Bela, whose many events are associated with religious literature at shrines and temples. In this community's involvement in community community events and organizations, from childhood and insurance conformity to social norms and socialization.

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this photo is on traditional event in Lula, Japan. And I, before I talk about this at the Oua Bay in be Barcelona anyway, even if you don't know what this event in the photo is you should be able to easily observe that the the community members are working together to put it up in the bar bundles of bamboo.

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However, in a newly developed town, where social norms, supported by such traditioners and not constituted. How will it the formation of community and the contributions of generally be shared

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with this

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issues in mind? I decided to focus on areas that were newly developed and had to create their own social norms for the communities. Also, I could simply call them newly developed. The residential areas I would like to introduce at the Thomas Danti and the new town in Japan, which in my target areas, Dante refers to both a cluster of apartment buildings or our cluster

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over our cluster of detached houses. New town encourages both apartment buildings and the detectives detached houses, but the detached houses can't afford the majority.

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Japan's Ministry

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compared it a list of Dante based on the existing list of the new towns and the D. These are to a survey, or below the governments. The list is somewhat cleude, partly because the definition of the tang is left to each local government unit, but it is used to illustrate the following size.

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and this glove. Analyzes the

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here. Our bridge, then start for dungeons that existed at the time of this Harvey A. Let indicate that

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that include detached houses, and Gulen indicates the and she that to do not including detached the houses. Now which overlord Dante. October. She's study, yeah. Picked in 1,972, and has been declining since then. I will report today on a typical new town that began occupancy in this 1970. S. Video.

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here are some rules of the Japanese sociologist on Danti, for example, Professor Fujita, in 1980, as said in listen to his new type of neighborhood associations, have been mounted, that reluctance and literal organizations and functions that were always present in provoked neighborhood associations in Dante and the newly developed, the areas

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that exact

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now. Before we get into the Leppard, let me leave you the the characteristic subt in Dante, a new developments moving into neighborhoods all together. In several phrases.

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therefore it is necessary to start with the formation of a community in answer.

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No community history, health, organization, or other social norms to bring about, and depending on the better, but sales approach. There may be a balance in the workplace of occupation of the legends.

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The subject to Danchi is located in Kokashiti, Shiga, Japan. Construction of this lunch began in 1,968,

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with first occupancy in 1,974

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in 1,919,

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1,977, a Neighborhood Association home is formed. It is expected that most of the

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legends in the Dante have a stability salary income, as they need money to buy land and the houses. It is also expected that couples who have children and were plan to have. Children will come to Dante because they'll lose a need for a horse of a certain size, as the children of those who moved in their studies go up, and it's a need to have an elementary school in the district of God. A public elementary school was opened in 1,985

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in, she in 1,990. As the population Guru to several 1,001 Neighborhood Association became too large and was split into 2

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depending on when the diligence moved in the most important addition. Listen for this split world, the lack of consensus regarding the transfer of the water supply to the public

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victor.

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The 2 neighborhood associations remained and related, but in 2,011 a new comprehensive Neighborhood Association, covering the G entire school district towards created through a to be down policy by the city.

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The relationship between the 2 neighborhoods improved as the younger generation came to play a central role in this new organization, and in 2,016 the or the Neighborhood Association was marched into one.

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I am able to paint the the picture of the history but this Dante, because I I have collected and led to 43 years of the the nasty news later, since they are founding of the Community Association in 1,977,

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when the Association split into 2 neighborhood associations along the way, the news that are also split into 2,

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including them. I have lit about 700 issues, containing about 10,000 articles and more than 101 million words. However, we are leading the newsletters.

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Is excellent for observing internal and external conflicts and the organizational changes. It is not a suitable medium for obtaining the information, but in the video alleged dense. I have already finished the database, so I am sure that it takes the morning we read the interesting result. However, today I will only look out the the desert of my simple reading.

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and I will publish the desert of the next morning. Gooseandi, however, I create a self-organizing map as a for slipping text mining and their map suggested content types for articles such as meeting reports, reminders, event, announcement, and subcommittee activities.

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Therefore I have assigned the the content type information to all articles, and used to it as a clue to analyze which types of art goods that be added more frequently in each year. And so through these procedures I elaborated sleet time periods, periods related to community formation. In this Dante also, they are on required to categories

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also. Time does not order me to present the details, and my analysis suggests that it's a dangers. Staging of community formation can be divided into sleep periods.

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The first is the stage of emerging legendary autonomy in which the Ri legends united to form a Neighborhood association and the establishment elementary school.

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In this stage it experiences of some legend for long years as the leader of the labor union, organizing the many activities. The second stage is the stage of confusion in the digital autonomy in which 2 neighborhood associations were divided into the conflict of the water supply transfer

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transfer issue became accused also. It is difficult to believe that there is a correlation between the timing of

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then move in and the position on the water supply transfer. It seems that it's a division into 2 organizations focuses a conflicting, conflicting ideas at the will of each organization.

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Confucian continued during this period with one community Association, through the also in code and the legends also suing the Community Association in code in Japan. The idea of tranquilizer of issues between local legends to the legal proceedings is not the command

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in this lesion. I think that the lack of community norms and that everyone can rely on is the reason why they entrusted to the solution to the national law.

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The thought

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is the stage of the majority of the legendary autonomy in which it to put down comprehensive. The Neighborhood Association praise the Nature road in as a area existing Neighborhood Association rocketed together. But in this Dante the relationship between the 2 neighborhood associations was poor, so new, broad members were elected for the new organizations. The younger board member

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elected at this time are not concerned about the relationship between the all the neighborhood associations, but are.

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instead of developing new activities for the benefits of the entire district. In this way a relationship in which the community in this dance cooperated with each other is a very also taking advantage of the the strength of the organization

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where it finally started, issued in this area which the organization had previously been so long, but had a pilot in terms of relationships.

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From my analysis of the the newsletter I understood the community formation process, but to the main, I'm sure about the each legend, and therefore, I conducted long history interviews with 2, 23 d. Agents over the age of 70, as the bars in the selection of people, a summer with a large number of people who had been active in community association activities were chosen.

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There are elder, but they. They make a variety of community contributions. They stand it along the parts they stand along with the path of the children, going to school every day to keep them safe. Hold! It's horns where she already can get to know each other and the sabers offices in neighborhood association activities.

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From this slide I noted some transcriptions of interviews and summarized

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and the summarized. But I have to jump to my conclusion.

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then the conclusions are as follows, and g. One generic contributes to various activities, such as volunteers and necessary governance and the support for the lives of their children.

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2. Although the aerodynam service do not see a dialect, the relationship between the one isated in their use and their current activities. They are strongly influenced by the way

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they form connections, their attitude towards projects. And there's a process organizing that they is, they fair to con connect to the different experiences subjectivity subjectively, but it we can obviously, with the connection between them.

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And this sad is about the research method. New Zealanders are useful for capturing the atmosphere of our community, but it is difficult to analyze. The individual arrives, and the life histories are the opposite, so it is effective to use them in a complementary manner.

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I am sure there are many other areas where there are tons of newsletter, and as a little material is lying around, and which elderly are active and retailing their life histories. I am. I am also looking forward to join the research with you all please contact me and invited me to join you on Saturday. I will talk about the pilgrimage organization in traditional Japanese village. Please come in. Thank you.

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Thank you. Your for your interesting presentation. that pretty much sums all the presentations available for this session.

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We have now time for some round of questions and answers and comments. So if anybody would like to share any question or comment, please do so.

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Sure.

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There was one question. Yes.

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Hi, I'm Rachel Crossdale from the University of Sheffield in the Uk. First of all, thank you to all the presenters. I thought it was. they were all really interesting. And I think we've got quite a nice diverse range of topics kind of around the same themes. It was really, really interesting. Thank you, everybody.

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My question is for you, Daniel, I.

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What was really interesting about saying how

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parents experiences and integration with political activism, then had an impact on the today's elderly population. I just wondered if there was another side to that. And if anyone mentioned anything about their children having an impact or influence on.

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Yeah, that's a good question. I'd listen in the cases I interviewed. There wasn't much influence in that direction.

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There was, anyway, there was some influence made by, for example, spouses. I mean there. There was sometimes the case that there was a spouse that was heavily involved in politics, and this influence or this kind of welcomed or the participant into politics.

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And this usually meant it was more men that were initially involved in politics because of gender differences.

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And we're talking about, for example, the specific case of Barcelona, where it's more traditional gender distribution of labor. And so

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and so in that case particular case, we're much more the case of a men being involved in politics, and then they would bring their spouse into more politics. But in the case of children themselves. Not so much, actually, perhaps, one case, that This participant in Montreal had her daughter involved in more climate change, kind of social movements.

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This kind of sort of involved her as well, but it was really rare, and at least in the cases I came through.

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Yes.

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thank you. These are all really interesting. I'm Christine, Mayor from the University of Maryland, Baltimore. and I'm this is maybe just so. Maybe a conceptual question for any of the authors that want to answer it about this topic. It's so interesting to see all the different methodologies, and how everyone's getting at this in so many different ways, just a whole kaleidoscope. so with that in mind, I'm wondering. One of the things that always strikes me with civic engagement. Is this

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real impact of privilege on particular ability to participate? And I know that some of you are. You know, you're controlling for it in different ways. You're accounting for it with bears and enabling and things like that. But since you are, you know you've thought about this probably more than I have. How do you address this conceptually or measurement wise? And what do you think is the future for how to deal with this? It seems like kind of always always an overhanging issue in civic engagement. If you can't.

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you know, if you're still just trying to work to make ends meet and take care of the basics of life. How do you then, find the space and energy and bandwidth in your life to participate in this healthy activity? It seems to be dominated by the privileged groups? Mostly. So.

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And

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that's a good question. Does anyone would you like to answer? Or people in online.

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is there everyone.

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Rodrigo? You there.

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Rodrigo Serrat: Yeah, I I was thinking that maybe Martina

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Marina Näsman: may have an answer for that. Marina, are you there? Yes, I'm here. I was actually thinking that email also could give an answer. Okay, okay, either of you. Yeah. Yeah. I was just thinking about the qualitative part of civics actually, that we try to take into account the diversity of the older population by, for example, the results that the email presented to include groups that are

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Marina Näsman: maybe a bit less heard than others, and also in the interviews we have this

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Marina Näsman: bottom up. Approach also in the beginning of the interview guide, so that they can

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Marina Näsman: talk about how they define civic engagement. So not

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Marina Näsman: always the top down perspective, that the researcher talks about what we consider civic engagement to be.

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Marina Näsman: So. So that was maybe at the top of my mind. But

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Inmaculada Peiro Milian: yeah, you know exactly, Martin, I was going to say exactly the same. So what we are trying to do is we are trying to approach the informants and try to search for the informants that are less contacted normally in the studies. So we try to include this diversity and also the other point that Marina was was telling us which is about the this definition down app, where.

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Inmaculada Peiro Milian: erez Agmoni, the informant, is telling us what they understand for civil participation. What are the ways they are doing it? The ways they did it before, because we are having this 150.

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Inmaculada Peiro Milian: This life cycle approach. So they tell us the whole story, how they did it before, how we're doing they now, and also when they refer to the barriers as we are doing this. exploratory and subjective experience. they are telling us what are the elements? the the as barriers and facilitators they are seeing

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Inmaculada Peiro Milian: mit Ctl. And so, as of now, I don't think we are in a point, at least in in our case, we are not in a point yet where we can 2

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Inmaculada Peiro Milian: have a close definition of this category and create some measures, although I saw some interesting initiatives in the other. in the other presentations today.

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Inmaculada Peiro Milian: but we are not in a position to have like this. definition with the list of characteristics and and everything we can just tell about the subjective point of view of our informants at this point. So probably in the future. Maybe so. That's an interesting question. And and and

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Inmaculada Peiro Milian: and something to reflect on.

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Marina Näsman: Yes, and I could also add now, when I had some time to think about it, also, that we within the cvex projects have been thinking about doing some kind of critical review on

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Marina Näsman: the larger

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Marina Näsman: surveys that we have in the world about older adults, for example, share in Europe.

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Marina Näsman: and how they include order or do not include questions about civic engagement, and what type of of civic engagement that is represented, and and also what we have found, for example, that

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Marina Näsman: share in this case is not so well suited for

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Marina Näsman: erez agmoni, or in including the immigrant perspective, for example, that you need to know the native language in the country of the interview to be included, and so on, so that also affects 101

407
01:33:15.890 --> 01:33:17.500
Marina Näsman: kind of the

408
01:33:18.200 --> 01:33:31.319
Marina Näsman: the information that you get from this large survey. So that's also something that we have been thinking about addressing. But we will see if we will have the time. But thank you for an interesting comment and important

409
01:33:31.840 --> 01:33:32.790
Marina Näsman: point.

410
01:33:34.530 --> 01:33:37.550
And as well as I'm part of Stevenson.

411
01:33:37.970 --> 01:33:44.699
One of the interesting things is the indication. So it's a term that doesn't quite translate

412
01:33:44.940 --> 01:33:45.970
one is

413
01:33:46.370 --> 01:33:53.619
so in the Swedish language, for example, it's been quite difficult to use the terminology necessary so that we don't know each other. We

414
01:33:53.950 --> 01:34:04.610
so I've been experiencing a lot of what I experienced in that in my Phd. In the early 2,000,

415
01:34:04.830 --> 01:34:15.780
which was try and after about the Sax of 18. But that doesn't transfer into 2. So they're like successful. And it it's in that forbidden world. They're not to more, they're going to find the.

416
01:34:15.790 --> 01:34:26.420
So I think conceptually part of the problem of accessing these groups. I don't think it's a question of privilege itself. But I think it's also a question of the language we use.

417
01:34:26.540 --> 01:34:47.979
So when we start introducing seeds, and one of the things that we have to do, and I think that we designed it in such a way. What we ask you when we say, student, you, what does it need to do? It is, it is not quite inductively coded. So we have everything that makes it all that

418
01:34:48.110 --> 01:34:58.990
in order to walk from a lot of our perspective, what we really do. And there's all kinds of things that we do. A lot of.

419
01:34:59.160 --> 01:35:03.200
So one of the papers that we've been working on at the moment has to do with the minor

420
01:35:04.510 --> 01:35:17.579
looking at how they can. So I think the question of fairly just one error that I think one would you expect, in other words. an axis of a vocabulary that leads you with an imagination.

421
01:35:18.310 --> 01:35:20.640
When we talk about this.

422
01:35:20.670 --> 01:35:25.570
we can in all some sense also depending on whether the language has a

423
01:35:26.140 --> 01:35:35.550
accurate as you're about or whatever you're talking about. So I think the people that we've interviewed is pretty sure what they need

424
01:35:35.730 --> 01:35:46.949
ones, they get path of language. So if Marina and the team were to do a critical analysis, I mean, this is a really interesting way of calamity, vulnerability

425
01:35:47.060 --> 01:35:48.839
and all the question marks.

426
01:35:49.200 --> 01:35:53.470
I have a dermatology, which is. yes.

427
01:35:53.510 --> 01:36:01.900
since you're at Frisk and called yesterday one of the things that struck me. They're talking about your subject, and they're not talking about that psychologist these days called the wife's population

428
01:36:02.020 --> 01:36:03.220
these?

429
01:36:03.300 --> 01:36:12.079
Why don't you? Just a very vertical to your wealthy? We might get to our owners. It may be industrial, it makes technological.

430
01:36:12.630 --> 01:36:16.550
and I think, with simply mentioned, there is a risk in the

431
01:36:16.690 --> 01:36:23.600
that if you are, because if I have the privilege games that you're conceptually are.

432
01:36:23.620 --> 01:36:35.920
limit it to 1 one which I think it's part of the talking, and as somebody who's interested in. If you're a sensation. And conceptually, I'm really thankful for being a part of it comes with for me those efforts.

433
01:36:35.930 --> 01:36:43.399
because it is something that could prevention unleashed. The creative imagination of Germans don't just necessarily just a lot.

434
01:36:43.450 --> 01:36:50.170
Which is the question why the session was called expanding this sort of poreontological imagination.

435
01:36:50.410 --> 01:36:56.270
So I think that's a long-term design perspective. But I think it's more on the question of privilege in terms of

436
01:36:56.440 --> 01:36:59.759
why did you range of the nation's

437
01:37:00.350 --> 01:37:09.210
sexually, and also the secondary data. I really don't. That's very narrow. So it's great to see these

438
01:37:14.480 --> 01:37:23.749
carried on one. That's you know. Now that we have 2 papers with patient to get a new or more.

439
01:37:27.990 --> 01:37:29.010
Okay.

440
01:37:36.720 --> 01:37:38.850
maybe our gentleman's following that.

441
01:37:39.340 --> 01:37:45.390
 Thank you for your question.

442
01:37:46.530 --> 01:37:59.929
I'm not sure that is due characteristics limited in Asia. But in my area people

443
01:38:00.210 --> 01:38:07.029
time to say political politica. So I

444
01:38:07.130 --> 01:38:23.850
actually, I'm surprised very much all, most of presentation. I have the time politicians like that. And actually, even Japanese people

445
01:38:24.100 --> 01:38:40.629
in practice. it's a committed to political engagement in their local daily life. But we don't use the time. And in addition I think it's a

446
01:38:40.880 --> 01:38:49.799
people very active people, but as they said. I call

447
01:38:50.220 --> 01:38:51.499
I I do

448
01:38:51.580 --> 01:39:12.879
so because I was asked to. by neighborhood. I'm not I I'd like to to that. Just I I I'm ask it. that's why I I think that is well, characteristic itself, as in complex. Thank you.

449
01:39:20.900 --> 01:39:32.190
 I think I'm in Korean case. I think that they they understand what what it means. So and then they had the experience of

450
01:39:32.430 --> 01:39:41.350
changing regimes by the mass demonstration, so one. They are not shy about engaging specifically or politically

451
01:39:41.480 --> 01:39:54.569
so. Probably I may refer to the single orientation where I work. So in 1,900 ninetys, the government which we proposed that

452
01:39:54.790 --> 01:40:02.539
the citizens should be more civically engaged. In other words, we need more civic engagements.

453
01:40:03.150 --> 01:40:06.110
and then it was actually

454
01:40:06.889 --> 01:40:16.409
not because they wanted the citizens to be politically, how can I say

455
01:40:17.139 --> 01:40:18.299
active

456
01:40:18.490 --> 01:40:24.940
and and trying to make some some fundamental changes to the society or political structure.

457
01:40:25.330 --> 01:40:29.170
but he he was mainly about de-policized

458
01:40:29.250 --> 01:40:31.270
helping behaviors.

459
01:40:31.459 --> 01:40:35.799
They were needed by the Government to fill up the gaps.

460
01:40:36.520 --> 01:40:42.369
so there was the minute or delicate meaning of the civic engagement they invented.

461
01:40:42.780 --> 01:40:51.650
Okay, so it's very unique to me as well. So when I teach my students in Singapore, actually, I separate the

462
01:40:51.670 --> 01:40:58.269
the terms like a civil engagement and civic engagement in Singapore. In context.

463
01:40:58.480 --> 01:41:10.089
that's what I think. So it can mean something else that you didn't imagine in other societal contexts like in Europe or in America.

464
01:41:20.520 --> 01:41:47.689
so thank you to all extent this day again. I meet them. I'm from Singapore. So Niagara ecological university. So actually, what I was interested in in my own research is that some senior volunteers have come up to me and said things like, How long during, actually gives them the contrary. things like, how do you say we care for the old? But who cares for us, or how? For they actually contrarily makes them more aware of the fiscal limitations. And that might cause, you know, the country effect, also engagement.

465
01:41:47.690 --> 01:42:06.109
And so we've talked a lot today about certain barriers, or how we engagement implicitly thought of. It's a healthy activity. But I was wondering if in any of your research you guys come across similar teams of perhaps a that side, possibly engagement via a cultural differences or just in your own experiences.

466
01:42:09.459 --> 01:42:10.129
So

467
01:42:11.709 --> 01:42:23.949
I'm texting with Bernie goose having a connection problem. So where to go? I don't know if I don't get the question to your angle, but one of the things that phenomena is doing. We have 4 informal groups.

468
01:42:24.530 --> 01:42:26.830
Socialism and to children.

469
01:42:29.100 --> 01:42:37.199
money of lonely or the end minding of my head in his. everyone long-term care.

470
01:42:39.219 --> 01:42:43.579
and one of the questions that we actually have to do with

471
01:42:46.100 --> 01:42:47.870
this is a

472
01:42:48.450 --> 01:42:50.259
when we start. Now

473
01:42:52.940 --> 01:43:13.740
small groups, it's interesting to see all this talent and ability and all of this things imports those what they consider to these situations. And I think I'm thinking of the Finnish arena and the finished people working in long-term care what they, what they consider to be civic engagement, were things that they facilities

474
01:43:13.980 --> 01:43:15.659
for making available.

475
01:43:17.820 --> 01:43:20.599
were you able to to hear the question.

476
01:43:21.990 --> 01:43:29.519
Maybe not so good. But you were asking about civic engagement in the long-term care facilities.

477
01:43:30.710 --> 01:43:41.449
No, his question was more about the implications of health to what it means to volunteerism and what it means that once you lack mobility and all the things, then

478
01:43:42.270 --> 01:43:52.630
the doing volunteer can be up a double X, so, so to speak, and I was thinking that in we have the Ltc group, and we have the home health care. And I wonder if you could

479
01:43:53.300 --> 01:44:00.540
talk a little bit more about those groups and what health could potentially mean there, we haven't started to analyze those yet. But it's coded.

480
01:44:01.010 --> 01:44:08.680
Marina Näsman: Yeah, too. Yeah. So help was quite an evident barrier to many of them.

481
01:44:08.780 --> 01:44:11.749
Marina Näsman: of course, in both informant groups.

482
01:44:12.360 --> 01:44:13.760
Marina Näsman: But

483
01:44:13.770 --> 01:44:20.689
Marina Näsman: I did some of the interviews in the Ltc. Group in Finland, and maybe what I also noted was

484
01:44:21.090 --> 01:44:32.219
Marina Näsman: kind of just the idea, especially for those who were reaching 90 years old or or over. They were kind of also just content. And

485
01:44:32.750 --> 01:44:41.959
Marina Näsman: and it thought that they were quite done with being civically engaged. But at the same time they did display a lot of engagement within

486
01:44:42.990 --> 01:44:50.410
Marina Näsman: the home care facilities. For example, they helped other

487
01:44:50.870 --> 01:45:01.350
Marina Näsman: of the older adults who lived there and and tried to. For example, one man. I remember he he told me that he went around with the ipad and and

488
01:45:01.460 --> 01:45:16.050
Marina Näsman: playing music for them, and having conversations with them, and so on. So the the internalized kind of informal helping behavior, for example, continued also in the care facilities just in another way.

489
01:45:16.280 --> 01:45:19.360
Marina Näsman: So that was quite interesting to see. So they kind of

490
01:45:19.520 --> 01:45:25.130
Marina Näsman: did adapt into the new circumstances also, with their health being reduced.

491
01:45:25.950 --> 01:45:40.540
Inmaculada Peiro Milian: Yeah, I I guess in Spain we have a different situation, because well, if we talk about the 2 groups, the group that was receiving support at home and the group living in long term care facilities the first one

492
01:45:40.540 --> 01:46:02.970
Inmaculada Peiro Milian: and try to do some volunteering, but they reflect on the the the health condition is not allowing them to do it, but if we refer the most of the answers referring to the people living in long term care facilities. They say that they stop doing that a long time ago. So this is something that they already went through. They already

493
01:46:02.970 --> 01:46:16.819
Inmaculada Peiro Milian: keep doing it the volunteering thing, I mean, they maintain sometimes informal her behavior. But as for the volunteer, they stop it completely

494
01:46:16.820 --> 01:46:37.720
Inmaculada Peiro Milian: a long time before they go to the they, they move to the long-term care facility, because in Spain, when they reach that point they are in an advance state of their health condition. Whatever it is, it is physical or cognitive, whatever it is, but is in an advanced status. So they try to stay at home as much as they can.

495
01:46:37.720 --> 01:46:56.200
Inmaculada Peiro Milian: And this is something we we saw like a that dropping the microphone in that case, because They stopped doing that before. But we haven't analyzed the information yet, but of course, health condition is something that appears now and then on their answers.

496
01:47:01.830 --> 01:47:04.360
The reason. and not

497
01:47:20.860 --> 01:47:24.689
there is a lot to do with this topic quite a lot

498
01:47:25.460 --> 01:47:48.129
which talks about the the richness, and there's a lot to explore, in fact, because it hasn't been a very research so far, so projects like civics and stuff of the other people are doing. And my view is really enriching and very interesting and relevant to open up the field actually, in sociological terms, and but also social, geontological terms.

499
01:47:48.520 --> 01:48:04.410
So I think we've reached the the fine, the, the the end of this session. So I thank you very much for being here. Thank you to the people online also for for being here as well, and see you next time. So thank you very much.