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Okay, perfect. Thank you. Yeah, that's a good that's a good plan. Thank you.

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Okay, so I will put the acknowledgement of the country first.

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And we can start with the presentation. So we are. Starting with the first presentation and here I will Stop sharing the screen or that then yes, we can start the presentations in the now

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Hi, I cannot do that because I know the person is, monopolizing the screen.

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Yes. Now it's possible I believe.

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I try to do it.

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Yep.

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So.

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We can see your yes, we can see.

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Yes. Can you hear me? Can you see my slide comparing countries? Is that fine?

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Yes. Yes.

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So please I start my name is George Muller and I'm doing a comparison of countries with regard to the Brazilian.

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Unhappiness. So as you perhaps know there is a famous hypothesis. I know strolling scholar.

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4 min. And the man postulated that, homeostatic mechanism protects individual happiness against external shots.

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This means That is a happiness. However, there has been critique by Easterly and a few orders.

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So, Easter Lings AIDS almost that this is not topic dependent. You know, against economic shocks.

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However, no resilience against other types for instance personal family shocks. Second argument and critique is That's the test of homemade styles, mainly refers to individuals and less to collective actions like for instance elections.

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So my research question is right now in which countries is the and we'll start the resilience against possible and happiness.

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For instance, by the current events like war. Debbie's strategy I'm following is first of all to model the relation between the current Happiness and the happiness one time step later.

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And so subsequently I analyze the equilibrium of this relationship that can be stable. Or no.

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Left Mur with a few methodological considerations. There are indeed possibilities to establish a linear relation, a linear auto regression between happiness at current time and happiness in the future.

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What you see here is the black line that describes indeed He's kind. Relationship. However, that is also a no change diagonal.

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This is in shape and you see the intersection of the 2 functions. If we are here at the point of intersection, there is the so-called sent part.

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And so called set point, that means that indeed there is an equilibrium and this is reestablished after any time of positive or negative shocks.

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So if there is a negative shock, it can easily be proved by geometrical reasoning that we finally get back to the original.

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Amount of happiness. Hello, if the coefficient of this regulation here is not lower than one but higher than one.

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We are in situation of figure 2 B. So that is indeed happiness. That is happiness one time later and you see the same diagram.

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The once again, however, in this situation, the black line has a different slope.

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Oh, we show.

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Are no more stable so it is not a real set point and negative shock leads away from the initial equilibrium.

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A positive shock does the same. It is a move, a race to the top. However, quadratic regression is also possible.

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So as many other things are possible and in the present case of figure 2 There is indeed a negative coefficient that describes the Fake.

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Of the current happiness.

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Time later and you have the auto regression that is a parabola. It has 2 intersection with the diagonal line of no change of happiness.

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However, Only one of them is indeed a stable equilibrium is indeed a set part. The other one is not a set point.

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If it, happiness falls below the lower limit. The equilibrium and the home world status is indeed destroyed and cannot be recovered.

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Another of course there are indeed also other possibilities to do to present the slide here it's possible that there is no intersection between the 2 curves and not 2 intersection between the 2 curves and not 2 intersections.

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What results from the previous, consideration is a typology of resilience. There is a category 0.

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No resilience at all. It means that either there is no intersection between the no change and the auto regression curve.

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Or the relation is statistically speaking, not significant. First category, limited or resilience. It means that there is indeed a homeostatic mechanism as we have seen before in the diagram figure 2.

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How, if you are below a certain, level of happiness, or we Then there is category 2.

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We have indeed unlimited resilience. There is no low limit of repairing unhappiness.

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However, the set point is moving in one direction or the other. Category 3 is finally what's traditionally called the classical form of stasis so almost that the kinetic mechanism is there, no lower limit and there is a stable set point.

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So in. What follows now, I would like to present an empirical analysis to the happiness of the European campus.

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So there is indeed a data source which has been used. This is the world with the race of happiness by when Owen and it measures happiness of European countries on a 0 to 10 scale.

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Linear regressions and quadratic regressions and to which have chosen the auto regression that gives the better statistical fit.

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However, in order to, identify homeostatic mechanisms, we need a sufficient number of happiness shots.

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Which are not correlated with the level of actual happiness. So this prerequisite guarantees that, we can distinguish between shops at random.

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And homeostatic corrections which are always correlated with the deviance of happiness from the set part.

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This is the program and now I would like to switch to an exemplary case, the United Kingdom.

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What you see here is happiness in the United Kingdom at the initial time party and on the vertical axis, happiness at time point t plus one a bit later.

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The black data points can be fitted by a statistical recession line. And the statistical integration line here, has indeed a slope that is smaller than So that easy need a connection between the and the no change.

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Good. This is a set point. And this is stable set point and it is not too far away from the statistical average of the happiness which we have seen.

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As a consequence, there is no change. Of the set point, the equilibrium or time. So you don't kingdom belongs to category 3, classical formostasis.

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You know, to corroborate this file. I think we are looking now at figure 4 or the whole example access you have the different years starting with 2,000 and 7, ending with 2,019.

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And we are looking at the happiness of Britain. On the horizontal line of the level 7.3 8 we have this equilibrium.

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Britain starts below the equilibrium so there was the sub-prime crisis, the economic crisis in 2,008, then it recovers, goes back to the equilibrium, then there is another statistical shock and this is the shock of the Scottish independence referendum and then we have a peak.

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The peak was Brexit. And it seems afterward that after the illusion of the Brexit, it's simply returns when once again the happiness in Britain to the original level.

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As optionally planned.

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So this kind of exercise can be repeated for 24 other European countries. And what I'm going to show you in finger 5 is the categories of resilience.

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And we are looking here at the empirical results for Europe. Below you have the different categories of resilience as numbered before.

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And as you can see, category 0 is the most important in means that there is no resilience, no homeostatic mechanism at all.

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In most of the European And the other end of the scale, we find all the countries where the homeostatic mechanism exists is stable and allows though to speak, to return to a stable equilibrium.

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What is also quite envelope is the case of the critical countries. These formerly communist countries Slovakia, Latvia, Hungary.

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Have indeed a homely static mechanism. However, what we can see here is, that, there is only small and for these countries there is a lower limit below which Who will start this cannot be reestablished.

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Once it is below, it is lost. There is the category 2 and this means that Poland, Malta, Germany and Finland are onlyo static with regard to the happiness.

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However, what we all see See here is indeed that they are changing moving up to higher levels of happiness and this is indeed the summary of the analysis.

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Conclusions.

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The importance of

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Okay, happiness is not guaranteed. There are only a importance of former status for protecting European countries against The question now is what makes countries against a resilience against unhappiness one of the possibilities is the well-developed state would explain the case of Finland and Sweden which are relatively speaking homeostatic.

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However, there is a structural equivalent of the welfare state that is a little bit older. It is a tradition by this.

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Okay, port of the nuclear and extended family. This might explain the case of Sorry, Cyprus, Malta and Poor Dugal, which are relatively homeopactic.

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However, there is also a final explanation and optimistic national character. Maybe that the Countries of the South.

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Cyprus, Malta and Poodle just belong to this company. Thank you for Liz.

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My name is Fumiya Onaka A.

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Secretary of Azure 20, I will take the role of chair, instead of, he cannot come here because of medical reasons so It, I,

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Yeah.

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This is very a excellent a presentation to analyze or discuss reincarnation of Great.

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Maybe.

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Oh, up to, happiness by a quantitative method. Thank you very much. Then I will move to the.

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Question and answer corner is there any question or question to his presentation?

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Please I shall count while

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Oh, please start. You know, you're muted. So please.

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You are more muted.

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Hi, Connor. I cannot hear anything. I think the other question is addressed to me, the speaker about the happiness, stuff.

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These are at account like with

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Now we are off the track.

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Can you?

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No, we are completely off the tracks.

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Yeah.

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Actually you are muted. But if you want you can write your question in a chat

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Not then Maybe you Yeah, maybe we can proceed to another presentation. Yeah, Providence at the U.

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Send your question to chat of Zoom Meeting. Okay, and we will proceed to the next presentation.

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Proment lesson. Please make a presentation.

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Thank you so much. Let me share see if I can share my screen here.

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Alright.

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I see we have the

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The question from, so the question has come in the chat and I'll sort of propose we do that before I commence.

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Did you see that again? I was asking, I was wondering if you could mention about resilience after COVID.

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Okay. No.

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No. Cause I had no data about this period. My data ended in 2019. We'll do that, however.

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Hi. Okay, where there was indeed a

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Chair. Good chair.

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Okay.

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Professor Lawson. Can you share it?

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Yeah. Yeah, I'll do that again. I'm ready to begin the presentation if that is okay.

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Positive psychologists ask if people are happy. Their goal is to find out why people are happy and how we can make more people happier.

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But there is a deeper question. One that might empower us in our quest to improve people's lives.

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Take care.

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That is, why can we be happy or unhappy to begin with? What is the purpose of happiness?

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Evolutionary scholars have made valuable contributions to the field through the investigation of these questions. Why did humans evolve to experience well and ill-being?

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What they argue undermines some of the fields implicit assumptions.

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Melania of Western thought has led many to believe that happiness should be maximized. Americans gave themselves an inal right to pursue happiness.

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Modernity was meant to make us all feel so much better as our sources of suffering were eliminated.

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Technological advances and economic growth should relieve man's estate. That the elimination of suffering would lead to general happiness, rights the founder of evolution or medicine Randolph Nessie.

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Is not only unfulfilled, it is almost a cruel joke. In the early 2,000, Nessie as well as David Bus, one of the founders of Evolutionary Psychology called for an evolutionary approach to well-being.

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Little followed. Some evolutionary scholars investigate human flourishing, but few within the field of positive psychology.

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In this presentation, I propose an evolutionary model for well-being based on a framework of multi-level selection.

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I synthesized Bustin Nessie's work on happiness with Roy Bimister's work on meaning.

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Multi-level selection or MLS engages how humans evolved under conflicting pressures.

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Our ancestors had to work both for individual success and competition against in-group members and they had to work for the well being of their group so that it could do well in competition against other groups.

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Selfishness often helps to succeed as individuals while altarism is crucial in order for our groups to be effective.

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We pass it that in the we pause it that the human well being system evolved to motivate us in both of these domains, but also to help us navigate between their overlapping and discordant pressures.

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We sum up these insights with your question. Happiness plus meaning equals well-being. Since these terms are used in popular scholarly discourses for a variety of purposes and vary across language, abbreviating them, H and M would be an option, but we prefer familiar words for ease of communication.

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We define happiness as the cholesterol effects that reward us for solving adaptively relevant problems. When we succeed as individuals and solving challenges related to survival reproduction, status, coalition, etc.

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Happiness signal tells us that we are moving in the right direction. The better we do compared to our expectations, the happier we should feel.

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Naturally, our well-being system does not always respond adaptably. Evolution shaped this effect so that they should on average motivate behaviors that tend to maximize reproductive success.

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Emotions will regularly arise from misunderstandings or motivate this functional response. In the modern world, environmental mismatch further complicates the calculations of these biochemical algorithms.

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We define meaning as the cluster of effects that rewards us for helping others. Functional culture compels people to contribute to their community.

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When we live up to cultural ideals, we are rewarded by a sense of meaning, a feeling that we matter and have a purpose.

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Search ideals drive pro-sociality by turning what benefits the group into intrinsic motivation for group members.

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To investigate how meaning affects people juxtaposed with how they experience happiness, we conducted 32 in-depth interviews of dedicated altruists.

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These were Nordic and Slavic volunteers who help Ukrainian refugees in Norway. Qualitative approach aligns with Ness's skepticism toward quantitative studies of well-being.

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If human flourishing is not best understood as a consequence of life factors, but the ways in which individuals interpret and adaptive evolved signals he writes.

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Survey studies of well-being will overlook most of what is important. Nessie concludes that in implications for methodology are severe as only narrative includes information detailed and idiographic enough.

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To allow a real understanding of an individual's life.

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Our informants experienced meaning to last longer than happiness. Contributing to the well-being of others produced effect that was more enduring than what they experienced from individual success.

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Several use the image of building blocks to describe success and competitive pursuits. When one informant earned his PhD, this produced a happiness peak, but the next day he felt about as before.

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Our interviewee spoke of professional success as mostly letting us move on to our next goal. When they told stores of their altarism these memories rekindled warm effect.

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Helping Ukrainians made them feel good for a long time. Some thought the sense of meaning they derived might stay with them for a lifetime.

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Happiness is fleeting many concluded while meaning sustains them in the long run.

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This makes sense if we view happiness as an evolved signal rather than an effect meant to be maximized.

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The too strong accumulation of happiness would reduce single sensitivity, making less effective the contrast that is meant to stare us toward new successes.

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This perspective offers a different take also on prospect theory. How people value gains and losses distributes along an S-shaped term.

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This must not be interpreted as the diminishing utility along the axis concavity. Are effective appreciation for consecutive gains could diminish to maintain signal sensitivity for the newer cognitive suite that governs our well-being.

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The function of our happiness system is not to describe precise value, but to let us know when we succeed or fail at solving a adaptive relevant problems.

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An individual's base level matters less as the primary signal is to what extent happiness increases or decreases in response to a circumstance.

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We therefore proposed that happiness is not best conceptualized as increasing on a scale from one to 10. But it's being on a baseline of 0 with 5 steps in each direction.

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Meaning generating activities do not necessarily trigger positive effect on the present. Certain forms of all prison produce peaks of positive effect, but meaning seems to greater extent than happiness to accrete to a lasting sense of well-being.

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After volunteering, our informants could feel good for weeks or months, but for meaning to contribute to a relatively high level of well-being.

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The altaristic activity had to be ongoing. Several informants long back to Voluntarism if they had been enacted.

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Helping new people elevated their sense of meaning and thus well-being to previous levels. Quantitative studies support that while being diminishes when people stop volunteering.

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This inside made a Polish 38 year old want to quit working with software so that he could make a career out of helping people they need.

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What are informants experienced in the conceptualization of a well-being system as consisting of 2 accounts for meaning?

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One anchor in present day activity and one that it creates along a lifetime. Having previous invested much in pro-sociality provided a sense of meaning that did not diminish with time, but which provided less intense effect than ongoing volunteerism.

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To get out of a psychological run and performance had to invest in present day autism which required sustained efforts.

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They did not experience diminishing returns on altruism and observation supported by studies that establish a correlation between well-being and voluntary frequency.

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Neither did maintain a certain level of meaning seem to require increased efforts. These insights make us conceptual like altarism to generate a sense of meaning on a scale from one to 10 or in extreme cases much higher.

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Since this effect the says a social belonging, which is fixed in relation to a community, it need not, it needs not return to a baseline to maintain signal sensitivity.

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Instead, a group member short and long term meeting account are filled up as payment for altruistic contributions in the present and across time.

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The more you live up to communal ideals. The very you should feel.

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The nature of happiness and meaning has policy implications. Facilitating that citizens get easier access to meeting generating activities should increase the populations overall long term well-being.

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This seems to be one key to Nordic flourishing. Every year the Nordic nations dominate the world happiness report, often claiming the top 3 spots.

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Generous public funding for voluntary organizations facilitates meaning quests that benefits the helper, those who get help, and society in general.

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Norwegians have among the highest volunteering rates in the world. Most of our sloppy conformance with immigrated to Norway had no previous experience with volunteering.

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Coming from nations with an authoritarian past, low social trust and the incentivized people help strangers.

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Almost all experienced significant increase in well being from helping Ukrainian refugees.

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Policy makers should also pay attention to the distinction on the happiness side of our education. Since strong competition tends to produce more loose system winners, encouraging that people allocate more resources to such pursuits, it's like it's likely to reduce overall happiness.

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But not all sources of happiness are primarily competitive. The adaptive benefit of sociality as well as indirect fitness concerns allows to repatness from spending time with our immediate circles and also appreciating their successes.

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We conceptualize such activities. As non-competitive sources of well-being. For most people, more accessible happiness derived from the adaptive functional mating, friendship, kinship and coalition.

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Investing in these activities compared to in group competition is more likely to pay off in terms of higher quality of life.

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Naturally, individuals cannot opt out of solving important adaptive challenges. But when strategizing how to use one's resources to improve most quality of life, directing efforts at the pro-social sources of well-being.

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Seems to wiser choice. While such sociality with the intention of improving well-being is collaborative, it also includes an element of competition.

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Cooperative versus competitive distinction involves the scale.

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And MLS perspective can give the impression that we either function as individuals or as members of our assigned group.

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Naturally, our reality consists of many separate and overlapping groups. We proposed that scholars think flexibly in terms of which group levels and MLS perspective should include.

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A particular interest could be the distinction between solving adaptive or relevant challenges in individualistically or as part of a group.

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Note that while we refer to happiness pursuits at the group level as a source of pro-social happiness, such pursuits can be highly competitive.

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When individuals work together to solve everyone's adaptively relevant challenges, they typically compete against other groups that are on the same mission.

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Being part of such a group can have a powerful effect on well-being. Mudora's tendency to atomize individuals contributes to modern ill-being.

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When people form close knit groups that work together to solve everyone's adaptive challenges, individuals are able simultaneously to tap into multiple sources of well-being.

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Succeeding in competition as other groups generates happiness. Reciprocal altruism between group members generates meaning from interpersonal pro-sociality.

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Group members can do additional meeting from working together as they contribute with impersonal pro-sociality to members of the larger community.

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A fruitful venue for future research could be to investigate how best to facilitate activities that that people tap into well being from the entire spectrum of sources.

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If this presentation is strong, if you want to improve your quality of life working to gain more happiness or meaning are both good strategies.

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But to increase and diversify or flourishing in a way that benefits yourself and others as well as build reservoirs as well being that ensure resilience when times are bad.

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A combination of all strategies seems to be the wiser choice. Thank you.

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Is there any question to? Yeah.

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Well. My question is. My name is George Muller and my question is, the meaning of the word meaning.

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I think the abbreviation is not really well chosen. So it is perhaps part of the literature.

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Is perhaps meaningful.

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A better term that might type your ideas, you in a way.

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Yeah, thank you for that question. Yeah, it's, both the works happen as remaining are problematic.

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That is why I mentioned that we could have abbreviated those terms to H and M because both are used in such a variety of census but just instead of having just to have a simple word to use like happiness and meaning we just decided that within our model.

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Happiness relates to individual selection and meaning relates to group selection. This the usage of the word happiness in this sense we have from the works of Randolph Nessia and David Bus, evolutionary scholars that have done a lot of research.

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I have done some research on happiness and then the word meaning we take from the work of who has done quite a bit of work on that.

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Changing the word from meaning to meaningfulness. I don't I'm not sure I follow you how that would contribute anything, but I appreciate.

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I appreciate the input. Thank you.

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Meaningfulness would mean that you consider your, act pro-social actions as something that contributes to makes meaningful contribution to society.

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Awesome.

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Perhaps also to your happiness. So I think meaning has in a sociological environment, simply how it is and something is understood, huh?

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Yeah, their meaning has so many different.

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Nope, what do you mean?

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Yeah, no, that is as I said earlier, it is there is no perfect word to use for this.

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This is why this model could have been called H. Plus M, etc. Meaning in different fields means different things and in different fields, meaning can have many meetings.

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Yeah, we want it.

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And in among late people, meaning can have every kind one of our, informants used meaning in the sense of purpose that it was meaningful to clean the floor because there was a purpose to cleaning it.

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So we've because there is no perfect word here and because meaningfulness as I see it would not solve any of those issues.

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We just had to pick 2 words that are easy to use and that people are familiar with and then for this model we just define them.

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And then we go with them.

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Thanks.

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Thank you.

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Questions.

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Can I ask a question? You presentation today does not, did not emphasize the Comparison cross national comparison between

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No way and

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Between the Nordic and the Slavic andformance.

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I think. But at in, in, in, in, in, in, in, yeah, conclusion is that the volunteer has higher and showed higher level of Isn't it?

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But, in the, from the point of view of the, SNHD or kind of culture slower country is very, close to the, Ukrainian culture maybe.

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Norwegian culture is somewhat distance from the from, Ukrainian culture. In that case, do you think that this kind of ethnic or cultural factors.

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It has influenced this difference. That's my question.

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Yeah, so, it wasn't that the Ukrainian showed a greater level of altruism, but they had more intense effect.

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The Nordic or Nordic informants have what we refer to as bureaucratic altruism, which is a very low intensity, highly organized rule following form of altruism.

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Well, the Slavic form of altarism is what we refer to as anti-systemic altruism.

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Where they it's ad hoc it's very high intensity very short term ism they burn out and quit and they have very little experience with it with with all prism because that's not in there's just very little volunteerism.

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In their home country. So these were Slavic in people that had immigrated to Norway and did their role to in the same environment as our Nordic informants.

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And we saw that over time, these Slavic conformance, they moved in the direction of doing volunteerism more in line with what is common in the Nordic nations.

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But in those initial faces when they had this very high intensity ad hoc emotionally driven volunteerism their sense of meaning was in the short term much stronger than that of, the Nordic informants on average.

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But it wasn't sustainable. And, and also you could say that their voluntarism wasn't as effective at least in the long run as that of, our Nordic informants.

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So these are 2 different modes of all prism where one, the Nordic one is a lower intensity but longer lasting, more sustainable way of doing Well, the Slavic one is one that is marked by a very high intensive emotion in the short run.

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Thank you. Any other question? Any questions?

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No, What is that? Can it? You are muted. You're still muted.

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At some, yeah, there.

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Oh

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Yeah. I was wondering by meaning. Could it be a purpose in life?

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Well, the way we use meaning, meaning is the reward you experience for contributing to your community.

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Purpose in life is often something we find in in working for others but that is not universal.

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You also have people that are more selfishly driven than find purpose in life. And working for themselves.

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So, no from how we use meaning, you cannot translate it to a purpose in life because purpose in life doesn't have to be altruistic.

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Or directed toward others.

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Okay.

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Professor. Asthana, okay.

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Thank you so much.

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Yeah, fine. Thank you.

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Other question? If no, let's, present to the presentational process, Okay.

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Okay. Is there?

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Yes. Thank you.

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Slide.

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Year.

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You.

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Yes, like.

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Can you share? Or Here is mine.

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Hello.

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No, no, no, no, no. Yes, we can see it now. Perfect

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Okay, perfect.

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Good. Huh? I'm Ashabubka from University of Dali. And I was very keen to attend this conference in person, but because of.

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A recent knee transplant surgery I had to Move to the virtual mode though. I'm not very comfortable with it.

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So I will try to. Regent my paper, happiness, economics and religiosity. Based on multi-disciplinary approach.

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Okay. My paper deals with multidisciplinary approach towards Something most cherished since ancient and modern times.

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Happiness not only means different things to different persons, cultures in society, but its meaning also keep changing.

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Once happiness was seen as an important factor contributing to economic growth. Today it has become a trillion dollar business in itself in the form of cell phones.

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You have meditation classes, therapy, etc. In 2022. This industry is stood at 4.6 trillion with annual growth at the rate of sick person.

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Etemiological is taking the term happiness is derived from the Greek word. Have, which means it may or may not happen.

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Under Greek civilization, happiness was seen as a divine quality bestowed upon the chosen tree, the lucky ones.

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By 1776 happiness became a fundamental right and shrine in the constitution of the US. Granted to all citizens on equal footing.

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We are in the Euro-american societies consider happiness. As a symbol of any individuals progress and well being.

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The Eastern Society is related with these social harmony. Generosity and collective well-being.

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The pursuit of happiness is not something new or the 20 first century phenomena. The orientation may have changed.

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Bye making it more scientific psychological than religious philosophical. Despite tremendous progress made in the field of science and technology.

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We find growing alienation, unhappiness, loneliness, frustration and despair among millions of men and women worldwide.

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The root cause of most of the problem faced by the society as you hold lie in too much stress on material growth in individualism, scientific attitude at the cost of honesty, integrity, empathy, equity and compassion.

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No wonder the psychotherapies are playing the role of new bridge too. To provide healing touch and mental scores for millions of men and women in post.

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Industrial and post-war societies. Even the churches in the United States are now engaging. Today we find a shift in focus from religious studies to economic sociology politics and behavioral sciences as far as the concept of happiness is concerned.

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Earlier most religions focused on charity, noble deeds, compassion, kindness and empathy as the prime sources of happiness.

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Whereas Aristotle focus on eudie ammonia flourishing of human soul as the ultimate goal St.

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Augustine advocated happiness the very essence of human existence. How, it is still not very clear whether unhappy people tend to become more religious or those who rise materially become less religious.

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As is the case in most underdeveloped countries versus the Scandinavian countries. Even the few research foundation would not ascertain whether the church going people were more happy because of their faith in God and religion or due to socialization.

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It encourage. These days, it is possible to get similar job and social support. But joining many voluntary services, loan religious and social groups.

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Markin Seligman, the father of positive psychology. And all individuals to nourish characteristics.

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Similar to the first for happiness without being religious. Rewrote in an autobiography I quote.

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The religion and science are opposed to each other, but only in the same sense as my thumb and 4 fingers are of course.

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And between the 2, one can grasp everything uncooked. No wonder in today's scenario, we see happiness.

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Through what was living. We value secular values more than religious rituals. We value knowledge more than beliefs.

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And thefts more than feelings. Similarly, we find shift in paradigm. From the contribution of economic growth.

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You have been to happiness as a trillion dollar enterprise in itself. We look at happiness in utilitarian terms rather than a virtue in itself.

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One other day, Now the age of economics calculators and And rationalist has already flipped in. Elliot economic growth amount to happiness of an individual's own nation.

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Today we need to look at to measure well-being of an individual or society. Happiness is now being measured in terms of gender well being based upon more humane perspective, trust, life satisfaction.

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And many other non economic factors. That's contemporary research suggests that the rising GDP GNP may not result into rising happiness or satisfaction as people may still feel poor or relatively unhappy.

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People's happiness does not solely depend upon rising income, but also on interpersonal relations self esteem, safe environment, work leather, balance, trust in public institutions, social security, etc.

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Must depends on the quality of our life. It is not important what we have anymore. What really matters is who we are.

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On the economics or happiness, happiness is seen both as an end as well as in need. A according to Richard Easterlin and American Economics and increase in the GDP of a country did not necessarily lead to a citizens to more happiness.

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He conducted research in 1974. In on US and 11 other countries and came to the conclusion that national economic growth did not increase its individual subjective well being.

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Oh, Then, about this theory. Easterly and Henson revised his theory in 2,010.

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And so this. You shape pattern of association between economic rooms and subjective well-being. Though the subject is well being, on an average in initial years, we found that it had limited effect in the long run despite economic growth.

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It was based on the studies of advanced western countries in China during 19 nineties and 2,000 to 2,005.

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Many psychologists.

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Many psychological reasons for advance to explain this paradox. People usually view their happiness in relative terms when we find an increase in GDP people are unable to value their happiness in exclusive terms.

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Moreover, it is The human tendency to remain unsatisfied. The more we get, the more we aspire and the gap remains unfulfilled.

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Therefore, we need to understand the fact that our subjective well being does not depend merely on the field payment of our basic needs.

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But also on our emotional needs for safety, security, love, sense of belonging and self actualization etc.

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Our well being does not lie in authorizedation of society or the immunization of self. Bye.

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Excuse me, excuse me, excuse me. Your slides are not moving at all. You need to use the arrow to go down with the slides.

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On your presentation.

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Yeah, but now it doesn't matter. So I will just. Completely necessary.

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Oh great, alright.

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So our billings, does not lie in,organization of society or, in reading 3 lives.

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Away from the polls and pushes off. Social conditioning and feeling truly liberated. According to the new research, our happiness are well being.

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Affected by common experiences, we feel happy when we hear the trapping of births and we feel equally said when we See someone.

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Met with an accident. So happiness remains personal and subjective. No state can make us happy.

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It can only provide the necessary support. Whereas under capitalism, focus was laid on economic growth, hedgehogism, conjunction as symbols of happiness under socialism.

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More attention while given to fulfillment of basic needs, social justice, equality, etc. To promote and meet happiness.

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Under the welfare stage the focus is based on providing tensions, unemployment benefits, healthcare, education, social security, etc.

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2 promote gender well-being. Under democratic government the national happiness has already become the goal of the government in power these days.

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People can penalize these governments when they are held responsible for people's growth and injuries. Only those parties are likely to be.

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Reelected which are which have the reputation of keeping their people happy. As such, public policies aim at promoting the pursuit of happiness by playing a complementary and enabling role.

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We find a strong connection between economic and political freedom. Social tolerance freedom of speech and expression. Happiness at individual and societal level.

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3 days there is pressure from advocates of happy economic to promote welfare heteronism, but every such effort should be stopped by We should stop the bureaucrats and politicians.

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To prescribe or define happiness on our behalf. In the activist terms. The policy workers worldwide or to look beyond economic factors to promote happiness.

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And well-being of their citizens by encouraging democracy and freedom of the people. How about it is difficult to say at this stage, whether too much focus on happiness would lead to empathying of democracy.

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Or actually enhance civic or political participation in future. Under the prevailing new liberalism, the focus is now more on subjective well being.

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As promoted by positive psychologist. In general, neoliberalism has very cleverly converted the citizens into consumers.

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The advertisement, social media and corporate culture all promote consistent conjunction and urbanism in the name of happiness.

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Under nearly liberalism, the individual is held responsible for his or her happiness even if he or she does not have phone control.

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Over the social and political circumstances around him or her. Instead of being entitled to happiness or welfare benefits for being citizens, they are No.

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Made to see applicants through. Digitalization now. People are not entitled to get benefit. They have to apply for it.

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This is. Oh, sign up. DECLINE in happiness through happiness. It we wish to remain happy we need to be alert.

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And group check card on the in design economic and political by calling the being model of development, having water.

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My paper discusses the changing perspectives of happiness from ancient to modern times. Here I am reminded of an interesting story.

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Once an expert from Kerala. In US while visiting his hometown in in India even to a river in his village and found a fisherman sleeping under a mango tree.

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He asked him why he was wasting his time by sleeping instead he could have bought fish and sold it in the market and gradually become rich.

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The fishermen reply, what would I do with lot of money to which the expert said you could perhaps visit foreign countries and spend holidays fishing.

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So the fishermen replied, this is what. He actually was doing. So the fisherman was happy the way he was and the rich man was unhappy despite having all the comforts and messages with him.

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So happiness not only means different teams to different people, but it Meaning and significance also keep changing from time to time and place to break.

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Earlier happiness was found in economic growth. Today we may find it in simple living austerity and contentment with what do you have?

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Be fine, Plato of research and happiness that is crossed disciplinary, though a good sign it has proved to be quite problematic.

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You to conflict in basic perceptions. The concept of happiness and deliberately kept vague and elusive in order to accommodate divergence of use across cultures and changing human values.

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It is quite temporal orientation, including the sense of happiness as receiving horizon a pursuit more virtual than real, mostly out of one's reach.

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Someone rightly remarked the more diverse you have been, the more have been unhappy we actually are.

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Why? The greatest swallows found happiness precarious and life itself. The positive psychologists find it.

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Achievable through personal transformation and change in mindset. Insect the attitude traversed happiness is changing from time to time.

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Thank you very much.

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Thank you very much for important presentation. Please, question if they are to have questions please answer Last question.

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Any question?

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Can I ask some a question? In your point of view, There are. In the concept of happiness.

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Religion is the religion is very important and the religion can be considered to be subjective or personal or something like that.

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Or in other words, in social terms, qualitative, isn't it? Start point is that the

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It is impossible, very difficult to discuss quantitatively or publicly about the happiness in the field of religion.

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Don't do you think that do do you think so? I mean, my question is that it is impossible to measure.

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Quantitative major later just happiness from the point of view of quantitative quantitative method.

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Yeah, hello.

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Hello. I can hear you.

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Hello. Yeah, yeah, you are right religion plays a very important role as far as happiness is concerned.

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But also we have many instances where The reason has played a negative role also when people are dogmatic or Extreme in that.

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Scenario religion can play a negative role also as far as measuring happiness in terms of vision quantitatively is concerned.

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The few, foundation in New York. Conducted one such research to find out how happy people are those who are going to church or those who are 8 or do not have faith in religion what is the difference on the level of one to 10.

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And the study was inconclusive because, they could not a certain yes, release minded people are definitely more happy.

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They could not find solid results that way So, this is newly liberalism, I would say, which is now focusing that everything should be, quantified.

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I think quality. Yeah, is more important quality of life is more important. The people who have deep faith in religious values might be living quality of life and which cannot be a certain in terms of quantity in the same way as a good teacher quality teacher.

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01:00:51.000 --> 01:01:01.000
We cannot just the quality of a teacher. Teaching in a classroom. We cannot quantify it.

359
01:01:01.000 --> 01:01:18.000
It into, numbers. So it should not be treated that way. I recently did a book on, religion and happiness and basically based on Jen Principal's garden in principles.

360
01:01:18.000 --> 01:01:28.000
And I'm trying to say that. The 4 values supported promoted by most of the religions contribute to happiness in a big way.

361
01:01:28.000 --> 01:01:36.000
For instance austerity promoted by Jennis or the theory of quality sidedness or non-violent.

362
01:01:36.000 --> 01:01:44.000
This is still matter, but we need not see them in religious terms, but as virtues still needed in today's scenario.

363
01:01:44.000 --> 01:01:52.000
So it's not necessary to measure happiness in terms of quantity. It leads to quality life and deeper life.

364
01:01:52.000 --> 01:01:57.000
And that should be our target.

365
01:01:57.000 --> 01:02:04.000
Thank you. Professor Mila, you have a question.

366
01:02:04.000 --> 01:02:18.000
Well, make difference what kind of religion Christians Muslims Hindus to promoting happiness or is there no difference?

367
01:02:18.000 --> 01:02:41.000
Just believing in or and so on makes people more happy than on us or what is the type of religion that the influences in so to speak, happiness.

368
01:02:41.000 --> 01:03:11.000
I think most of the releases. No. Serving the community and looking beyond self social life and no grade on such things and And that sense most of the religions that are Muslim or Islam or I have studied it Christian Christianity, they inculcate fine values which are needed to Maintain, law, social

369
01:03:11.000 --> 01:03:14.000
order and responsibility in society is very important. And if we have right environment around us, we are definitely going to be happy.

370
01:03:14.000 --> 01:03:40.000
And if we, ignore all these things and just But you happiness. For the sake of Ernie's places, then there will be disturbances in the society as well not only at the individual and familiar life, So religious values, I think is, is still very important.

371
01:03:40.000 --> 01:03:48.000
That is why we find revival of religion even in Communist country like China and it is supported by the state itself.

372
01:03:48.000 --> 01:04:00.000
In the interest of the country. Earlier, the region was considered as opium of the people and was then but now China it is coming back in.

373
01:04:00.000 --> 01:04:16.000
Many other countries religious movements are we find and taking place but in some other countries for instance in Finland we find it is rated as 6 happiest countries at the happiest country for the sixth time.

374
01:04:16.000 --> 01:04:29.000
Consecutively and people there are not so religious. I remember it. Very important in my visit to, Finland when my secretary once asked me how you know so much.

375
01:04:29.000 --> 01:04:34.000
I asked me how you know so much. I asked her what do you mean? When my secretary once asked me how you know so much. I asked her what do you mean?

376
01:04:34.000 --> 01:04:36.000
She said we only know our bodies and we feel So how come you know so many things which we do not know?

377
01:04:36.000 --> 01:04:46.000
So they are the focus. Is, we find modern men and women is virtually homeless and I consider it a source of so many.

378
01:04:46.000 --> 01:04:59.000
Miseries and problems in today's words. So everything is not under the control of men and we need to see beyond.

379
01:04:59.000 --> 01:05:11.000
Beyond science and religion and Signs are not really. Opposite to each other, but they contribute to each other and contribute to happiness in many ways.

380
01:05:11.000 --> 01:05:22.000
And this regarding Islam Christianity, Hinduism. No, the core values are mostly the same.

381
01:05:22.000 --> 01:05:32.000
Thank you. Other questions?

382
01:05:32.000 --> 01:05:53.000
If no, let's finish the presentation by, Professor Hasha, And, in the first part, we, did not succeed and see to, receive questions to the

383
01:05:53.000 --> 01:06:12.000
Presentation by Professor Gayl. So maybe, Asha Gubta has, has a question to his presentation.

384
01:06:12.000 --> 01:06:25.000
Please please ask him questions.

385
01:06:25.000 --> 01:06:32.000
No, I simply ask about the impact of COVID-19 on Regillian's which he has already answered.

386
01:06:32.000 --> 01:06:41.000
That his study was up to 2,019 so I can get it now. Maybe another paper is required to.

387
01:06:41.000 --> 01:06:48.000
Study comparatively. The impact of COVID. On different countries. So different.

388
01:06:48.000 --> 01:07:13.000
Of color. Of course, we should continue this study with data beyond that state and perhaps The result might then be, different because, COVID was indeed a major shock to many societies and it's certainly interesting to look at.

389
01:07:13.000 --> 01:07:22.000
The reactions and how it has. Over because recovering will also be an interesting aspect with the time after.

390
01:07:22.000 --> 01:07:32.000
The end of the COVID pandemics. I agree. It has to be continued.

391
01:07:32.000 --> 01:07:45.000
Yeah, would you say that, during COVID times we got more public support than we got during this economic crisis in 2,008.

392
01:07:45.000 --> 01:07:55.000
Yeah, there was more, public support of course in a certain way for this question is, what does it mean for, happiness?

393
01:07:55.000 --> 01:08:07.000
Sometimes the state state more than was expected. The state made some of the people, especially in central Europe, unhappy with all the measures, the lockdowns and so on.

394
01:08:07.000 --> 01:08:36.000
Just remember the Chinese revolt against the state who wanted to curb the epidemics by locking in, locking down, all these people and finally, they are very I am, that's, not to continue this policy of locking in people.

395
01:08:36.000 --> 01:08:51.000
So it's quite because the role of the state and Sometimes it makes people unhappy.

396
01:08:51.000 --> 01:08:54.000
Okay.

397
01:08:54.000 --> 01:09:05.000
Would you say, regience is, something inbound trade? Personality trained or national trade or can it be learned?

398
01:09:05.000 --> 01:09:14.000
I didn't understand your question. So you are asking about the role of religion with regard to resilience.

399
01:09:14.000 --> 01:09:36.000
As you mentioned before, the, Well, Lutheran Christian. And they are nowadays quite, far away from religion, but they are still rather happy and they are continuously happy that I don't think that.

400
01:09:36.000 --> 01:10:02.000
The idea of where we are status or for resilience against unhappiness can be directly linked to the really curiosity of people besides that one I had to consider there are other forms of really curiosity than the official ones of going to judge, to consider.

401
01:10:02.000 --> 01:10:17.000
There are other forms of really curiosity than the official ones of going to judge, attending, other forms of really curiosity than the official ones of going to judge, attending, church services and so on.

402
01:10:17.000 --> 01:10:35.000
I think it's relatively complicated, but I agree one would have to have a closer look also at the role of religion and not only of the role of the welfare state as I mentioned as a source of maintaining happiness and so on.

403
01:10:35.000 --> 01:10:39.000
Okay, so hooked up, okay?

404
01:10:39.000 --> 01:10:42.000
Yeah, thank you.

405
01:10:42.000 --> 01:10:48.000
Then, other questions?

406
01:10:48.000 --> 01:11:05.000
I have a similar question to, the you made a very excellent presentation about the, discussing quantitatively.

407
01:11:05.000 --> 01:11:35.000
About the allegiance to unhappiness. But, that kind of discussion has how does, how this this discussion already this includes the the factor of let's just factor or factor of religion that's my question.

408
01:11:47.000 --> 01:11:56.000
So you are, you are low, asking about the role of religion in my study.

409
01:11:56.000 --> 01:12:05.000
Or what?

410
01:12:05.000 --> 01:12:06.000
Yeah.

411
01:12:06.000 --> 01:12:07.000
I'm asking also about if you included the religious factor into your Discussion, quantitative discussion.

412
01:12:07.000 --> 01:12:11.000
That's my question.

413
01:12:11.000 --> 01:12:27.000
No, I did not do that. May I kindly ask you, Professor, to stop presenting the slides so I can get back and show my own slides.

414
01:12:27.000 --> 01:12:30.000
I'm not, I'm not presenting slides.

415
01:12:30.000 --> 01:12:31.000
Yeah.

416
01:12:31.000 --> 01:12:39.000
Ii wanted to switch to my own slice and, the computer says I cannot.

417
01:12:39.000 --> 01:12:40.000
Show slides

418
01:12:40.000 --> 01:12:46.000
Maybe the administrator can make or stop sharing screen because the administrator also has that ability.

419
01:12:46.000 --> 01:12:54.000
Yeah, actually I'm sorry I could not play my slice at all.

420
01:12:54.000 --> 01:12:55.000
Yeah.

421
01:12:55.000 --> 01:13:06.000
You can ask your technical support maybe can you request a remote control and request to stop sharing.

422
01:13:06.000 --> 01:13:15.000
Okay, I'm trying to do it on my end. One moment, please.

423
01:13:15.000 --> 01:13:25.000
So Dr. Sha, I just sent you a request to Let me do the remote control if you can click on Oh.

424
01:13:25.000 --> 01:13:30.000
Yes, sure.

425
01:13:30.000 --> 01:13:38.000
Okay, now I am. No, no, no, no. So you just need to, we can do that.

426
01:13:38.000 --> 01:13:43.000
You just need to, doctor, you just need to, doctor, you just need to go to the x at the right top.

427
01:13:43.000 --> 01:13:53.000
Don't right side of your screen. And then go up and you will need to do stop sharing there.

428
01:13:53.000 --> 01:14:01.000
Or maybe you can accept my My request as well.

429
01:14:01.000 --> 01:14:02.000
Both share, yes.

430
01:14:02.000 --> 01:14:07.000
Yeah. Does it stop now? Hmm.

431
01:14:07.000 --> 01:14:22.000
It still is sharing, so just stop sharing.

432
01:14:22.000 --> 01:14:23.000
Is it okay now?

433
01:14:23.000 --> 01:14:38.000
No, it's still sharing. I send you request can you please accept it?

434
01:14:38.000 --> 01:14:39.000
Yeah, you can do it please.

435
01:14:39.000 --> 01:14:41.000
Okay.

436
01:14:41.000 --> 01:15:05.000
Remotely.

437
01:15:05.000 --> 01:15:07.000
And so let me.

438
01:15:07.000 --> 01:15:09.000
So please let me answer. The question of the room.

439
01:15:09.000 --> 01:15:25.000
One moment I am, I'm trying. Okay.

440
01:15:25.000 --> 01:15:31.000
Oh.

441
01:15:31.000 --> 01:15:35.000
So.

442
01:15:35.000 --> 01:15:38.000
I am just trying to

443
01:15:38.000 --> 01:15:47.000
Yeah, but that doesn't. Yeah.

444
01:15:47.000 --> 01:15:55.000
Okay, you will need to stop sharing at your end Dr. Asha because it does not allow me to do that.

445
01:15:55.000 --> 01:16:22.000
You just need to click on the green button down at the zone Again. It should say stop. Stop share screen or stop share.

446
01:16:22.000 --> 01:16:30.000
Okay, now you can, do, Professor where you can now share your screen. Thank you so much.

447
01:16:30.000 --> 01:16:50.000
Well.

448
01:16:50.000 --> 01:16:51.000
Very good. Okay.

449
01:16:51.000 --> 01:16:57.000
My paper is in principle about the dynamics of happiness and it is not so much to do with, factors like, the strengths of the welfare state, Really geography and so on.

450
01:16:57.000 --> 01:17:16.000
So look at the original figure one A and One B. I'm interesting in the relation between the current happiness and the happiness one times that blatant and this is just the black function.

451
01:17:16.000 --> 01:17:30.000
And I'm not asking directly about the fact that that influences for instance the slope of the black line.

452
01:17:30.000 --> 01:17:40.000
This is something that has to be done in the future. And I, was for this reason at the end, preparing a few, possible open questions.

453
01:17:40.000 --> 01:18:10.000
What determines in a certain way is slope of the share is the geometry of this kind of reaction function and one of my hypotheses was for instance that the well their state is important if a special for the Nordic country and so that it explains that, the state has an important role in providing.

454
01:18:16.000 --> 01:18:31.000
Happiness to the people. So their question whether religion is really good or not is perhaps a question that is not so important for central Europe.

455
01:18:31.000 --> 01:18:37.000
Please keep in mind that I was looking at European countries and most of the European countries are indeed not very religious.

456
01:18:37.000 --> 01:18:55.000
Well, neither formally nor, in terms of, charge going and in terms of private curiosity.

457
01:18:55.000 --> 01:19:21.000
So, this is a little bit beyond what I have done here in this study. However, it's certainly worse to be considered also the question, whether, religiosity matters and explains, more with regards to the different classes of, countries, which I have seen here.

458
01:19:21.000 --> 01:19:28.000
So we would have to explain for instance, these communist countries here. If I'm looking at, this category one of resilience.

459
01:19:28.000 --> 01:19:39.000
One might think that the former, social spirit of, communism was important.

460
01:19:39.000 --> 01:20:00.000
Why, there is at least some degree of resilience that can be observed here. However, also think about all the other questions like cases like Estonia, Bulgaria and so on.

461
01:20:00.000 --> 01:20:14.000
These are 2 communist countries which are far, far away from any type of resilience.

462
01:20:14.000 --> 01:20:44.000
Thank you for your explanation. Other questions? There are no question. I like to continue my question but the your discussion is based on the preposition that the happiness can be measured quantitatively.

463
01:20:48.000 --> 01:20:49.000
Take care.

464
01:20:49.000 --> 01:21:08.000
But the but the in the according to Professor Asha Gupta, quite difficult to measure or discuss or understand and And happiness, happiness, religious happiness from the point of view of quantitative measurement.

465
01:21:08.000 --> 01:21:38.000
Of course, income or the extent of our socialist ideology or something like that can be measured by quantitatively but they have but they are dirtyly happy or not not happy that does it depends on the personal understanding or subjective experience so it might be very difficult to discuss from the quantitative point of view Maybe that is

466
01:21:47.000 --> 01:21:57.000
important. In this from the

467
01:21:57.000 --> 01:22:11.000
Obviously, I agree that you need some data and the data which I was using was the world database of happiness by the data which I was using was the world database of happiness by the Dutch scholar Van Hoven.

468
01:22:11.000 --> 01:22:17.000
And, it's quite well acknowledged. It's based on Intel's. So, the question is how.

469
01:22:17.000 --> 01:22:47.000
Happy do you feel today or? Where is it? Give me an idea of your. Life satisfaction and so on in the present case it was something like that on a 0 to 10 scale and if people are giving answers to Intel's There is always the risk that they are not telling you the truth.

470
01:22:47.000 --> 01:22:56.000
The question is whether we have other possibilities to measure. Happiness. And for instance, look at the faces of the people.

471
01:22:56.000 --> 01:23:05.000
Can we have other ideas of measuring happiness? By looking at the daily life. And then we suggest that they are happy or not.

472
01:23:05.000 --> 01:23:29.000
I decided not to do that. So, but to use simply what's in the world database of happiness and I do know see a better source for doing that at least at the moment.

473
01:23:29.000 --> 01:23:37.000
Please come to ask a question here.

474
01:23:37.000 --> 01:23:38.000
Hello, Professor. Thank you, for the 3 presentations. They were really helpful.

475
01:23:38.000 --> 01:24:07.000
The other day I presented a paper on happiness from the Maldivian perspective and what we used was world value and used the life satisfaction and self-reported happiness measure on that and some of the criticisms or the questions that I received was about whether the quantitative measure is reliable.

476
01:24:07.000 --> 01:24:08.000
I'm a junior researcher so I just want to hear from you esteemed scholars here.

477
01:24:08.000 --> 01:24:26.000
What else can be done if that is so you have already presented quite well about the quantitative measure of happiness.

478
01:24:26.000 --> 01:24:37.000
Like what are the criticisms and what can be done to overcome that?

479
01:24:37.000 --> 01:24:47.000
Thank you for interest. An important question.

480
01:24:47.000 --> 01:24:55.000
Probably, Do you have another comment or answer?

481
01:24:55.000 --> 01:25:19.000
Whether or do that. Looking inside the brain of people. Nowadays medical sciences have scanners that allow you to look into the brain of people and then you can see how certain chemicals are activating the new rule net inside the brain.

482
01:25:19.000 --> 01:25:29.000
Perhaps it will be very objective. Way of measuring happiness. However, it is tremendously, expensive.

483
01:25:29.000 --> 01:25:42.000
So. I do not have a better idea. To measure happiness then to ask people whether they are feeling happy or not.

484
01:25:42.000 --> 01:25:59.000
Objective happiness might indeed have to do with our brain. What's going inside our brain? And, there is not only the question of, Yeah, general reliability, of this.

485
01:25:59.000 --> 01:26:04.000
That is also the question whether happiness changes during today and what type moment of the day we really need in order.

486
01:26:04.000 --> 01:26:14.000
To determine the happiness of the people for this reason many of these interview questions are so to speak oriented towards a longer period.

487
01:26:14.000 --> 01:26:38.000
How happy are you with your life? And it does not whether tomorrow it is morning. I got a terribly bad coffee that makes me unhappy if the question is rather with regard to my whole life situation.

488
01:26:38.000 --> 01:26:54.000
So in the question of the reliability of happiness studies. There is indeed not a problem. This is the problem that, we have different time periods, to look at.

489
01:26:54.000 --> 01:27:10.000
Please keep in mind that I'm not working with individual data. Working with national averages. So if one person overstates the happiness in next one.

490
01:27:10.000 --> 01:27:31.000
The stage the scene so in principle in principle an average will a Correct. Some of the distortions, the biases we have, but in principle the question remains.

491
01:27:31.000 --> 01:27:36.000
And I don't really see how to do that better apart from the originally presented idea that we need perhaps a brain scanner.

492
01:27:36.000 --> 01:27:58.000
In order to see how happy people really are. That is, is not for this kind of empirical analysis.

493
01:27:58.000 --> 01:28:15.000
Thank you for your answer. Question.

494
01:28:15.000 --> 01:28:27.000
No, no question. From the presenter. I don't know question or comments or So, additional written, comment from the presenters.

495
01:28:27.000 --> 01:28:39.000
If so, we

496
01:28:39.000 --> 01:28:49.000
Great sound.

497
01:28:49.000 --> 01:28:55.000
Hello, hi. My name is Estator Mandes Melini. I'm from the Dominican Republic and I'm based.

498
01:28:55.000 --> 01:29:05.000
In the US at Pomana College. I was late to the presentation. I had a hard time finding the room.

499
01:29:05.000 --> 01:29:25.000
So maybe you mentioned it, but I'm curious in any event. In any of your studies, be quantitative or qualitative or in your experience, has there been any variable that is related to what we now call mindfulness.

500
01:29:25.000 --> 01:29:47.000
Right, so whether people It can also be a religious practice, but not necessarily. It can be, I don't know, some kind of yoga, meditation, Is there a relationship between how happiness and having some kind of personal practice.

501
01:29:47.000 --> 01:29:56.000
That is intended to increase that level of resilience that Professor Mueller was talking about. I'm curious about that.

502
01:29:56.000 --> 01:30:08.000
Thank you so much. And thanks for all your papers.

503
01:30:08.000 --> 01:30:09.000
Professor.

504
01:30:09.000 --> 01:30:27.000
I think this is a question that we have. Ask to the psychology, person that was presenting here in this room psychologists are indeed very trained in looking at individual happiness and increasing happiness of people.

505
01:30:27.000 --> 01:30:47.000
So what is the answer of, you the scholar from Norway, Oslo?

506
01:30:47.000 --> 01:30:48.000
Where is the person?

507
01:30:48.000 --> 01:30:56.000
Yeah, And then. Okay.

508
01:30:56.000 --> 01:30:57.000
Yes.

509
01:30:57.000 --> 01:31:03.000
Professor. Professor Aja moved up. No additional comment.

510
01:31:03.000 --> 01:31:07.000
For the discussion.

511
01:31:07.000 --> 01:31:12.000
A place on mute, amilled year.

512
01:31:12.000 --> 01:31:20.000
I just wanted to know when we and try to measure happiness or unhappyness on the scale of one to 10.

513
01:31:20.000 --> 01:31:30.000
On the basis of subjective evaluation. Don't you think, the same person can give different words and depending on his or her mood or circumstances?

514
01:31:30.000 --> 01:31:37.000
Today he might say, yes, I'm very happy on the scale of 7, but tomorrow the same person may say.

515
01:31:37.000 --> 01:31:41.000
Happy only on the scale of 3 or 4.

516
01:31:41.000 --> 01:31:48.000
How do we deal with it?

517
01:31:48.000 --> 01:31:49.000
Okay.

518
01:31:49.000 --> 01:31:57.000
If, I'm looking at the 8 used. Is indeed not the case that.

519
01:31:57.000 --> 01:32:08.000
Into your ask whether you are currently happy or

520
01:32:08.000 --> 01:32:15.000
Estimation how happy they are on peak

521
01:32:15.000 --> 01:32:21.000
Captain. You know, do you have another assessment of your happiness than in, under other circumstances.

522
01:32:21.000 --> 01:32:38.000
But, I was counting on the a long term assessment of happiness. How happy are you with your life?

523
01:32:38.000 --> 01:32:50.000
And if the question is formulated this way Short-term influences should be excluded. In my particular case, there is also another point.

524
01:32:50.000 --> 01:33:02.000
And as I mentioned before, we are looking at average values of national population. So some people had a bad morning orders at an extremely happy morning and on the average it's a little bit.

525
01:33:02.000 --> 01:33:20.000
Less biased than you suggest in your question.

526
01:33:20.000 --> 01:33:33.000
Thank you. Other questions or comments?

527
01:33:33.000 --> 01:33:52.000
No. If no, we had better to stop here, stop this question. But they are the topic of this session is very very important to avoid.

528
01:33:52.000 --> 01:34:09.000
Boy, I'm happiness or increase resilience to our happiness and so So, let us continue this discussion to the next conference or next sessions.

529
01:34:09.000 --> 01:34:21.000
Thank you. Very much for. Excellent presentations from 3 presenters.

530
01:34:21.000 --> 01:34:31.000
Close to all the presenters. You Thank you very much. Let's finish this session.