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Organizational community.

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I have to say some acknowledgement. Equangement remarks. First of all, on behalf of participants of our session.

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I passed back to the spiritual Spirit of Country, Narm. This is name for territory. We meet on.

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It's traditional. Country now there we are meeting. I acknowledge Cooling nation, Wurongjeri, via Varun as a sovereign people here in Melbourne.

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Hostin, Very I think very good. Congress. So our session is dedicated to Problems.

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Contradictions. Travelled by new trends in social change. I try to call such tendencies post-globalization because globalization promising unity, uniformity.

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Barrier or less sociality is over. Now we can see new conflicts, new contradictions, new gaps and new barriers emerging from post-globalization tendences.

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And I expect Today's presentations.

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Will show as different aspects. Of new tendencies. And maybe we will analyze. Social and political consequences of post globalisation.

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Of course, seeking for new prospects for democracies. We believe in. So our first presenter today is Veronica Kangchiang.

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Amber, right? Yep. From Java Carl Nero University in India, these Hey, under the title Contemporary Crisis, Erosion of Democracy.

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It's a question. So their physical floor is Joel Veronica. Please try your presentation.

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That's good. And you have asked, I think, 15 min out of 20 min.

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Yeah. So.

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Can you have?

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. Yeah Yeah, I think that's fine. That's fine.

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So thank you very much. I feel so privileged to be here to be presenting a paper on this topic which is there on a screen.

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Which is contemporary crisis. Erosion of democracy. So, we start with So this is the abstract that I have submitted.

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To a working group or one, but I wouldn't be reading out. This abstract. Yeah, but my paper intends to, you know, address a few crisis of 20 first century human social system.

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You know, to discover real areas of crisis where democratic value seems inconsistent. So this is what I plan to do in the next 15 or 20 min or so.

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So for this presentation when I was working on it, I was looking at 2 reports, which is one which is democracy report of 2022 which talk about the level of democracy worldwide in 2,021.

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Which says that the level of democracy Enjoyed by the average global citizen in 2,021 is down to 1,989 levels.

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So which means the last 30 years of democratic advances are now eradicated. The number of liberal democracies is down to 34 in 2,021.

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There have not been so few since 995 which is over 26 years ago. The report says that closed autocracies are up from 25 to 30 between 2020 to 2,021, electoral autocracy remains the most common regime.

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Type in the world, 60 countries. Together autocraces now harbor 70% of the world population which is 4 4.4 billion people A record 35 states suffer from significant deteriorations and freedom of expressions.

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At the hands of governments 10 years ago it was only 5. Okay, I'll go on to the another report which has similar arguments about the status of democracy worldwide which says that the status of democracy worldwide which says that the quality of democracy, the status of democracy worldwide, which says that the quality of democracy is declining in half

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of democracies around the world. While the number of countries with the most severe form of democratic erosion, what we call backsliding is at its peak.

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And worryingly, the report also says that I'll go to the second part of this slide. Dictatorships are on the rise up from 25 to 30 closed autocracies between 2,020 and 2,021.

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Oh this development adds to the picture of change in the nature of autocratization. Electoral autocracies is the most common regime type and however the largest share of the world population, 44% or 3.4 billion people.

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So now we come to the real issue that we want to discuss today, which is what democracy actually says and what is in or what is underground.

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So the practice of democracy as I put it here. So I would like to discuss the Indian case, right?

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I mean, I'm from India, not as part of India and I would definitely like to talk about the situation of India which claims to be the largest democracy in the world.

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But at the same time, there are instances numerous instances of of failing of you know failing in the values of democracy that we expect.

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So, so India would fit into this kind of statement where certain writers would talk about saying that some regimes would maintain the democratic form but authoritarian in actual working.

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And certain writers and certain well-known authors, Indian authors, like for example, the famous historian RAM Chandraguha in his article on twelfth September.

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After of September in Telegraph. Are 20 to 20 says that warning me, but unmistakable similarities between there are worryingly but unmistakable similarities between the Italy of the 19 twentys.

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Namely the decade when Benito Mussolini conquered power and the India of the 2,000 twentys.

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This is his argument given the status of Indian democracy, right? And another author went on to say that, you know, India resembles more of Germany in the 1,900 thirtys.

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Wherein, you know, where he talks about how Hitler went on to power in an absolutely democratic way and also he explains that what is central to Nazi ideology was the contempt and hate for the inferior races starting with the Jews and in the current situation of course we can talk about inferior culture or inferior you know

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minorities or you know subordinate categories that people would classify. And he further went on to say this is a writing of regarding Asia in 2,020 coping with Covid-nineteen and other crisis.

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By Michelle Guilmotori University of Turin. So his father went on to say that India cannot be defined a democracy anymore even if it is not yet a full-sledged dictatorship.

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So he tried to explain it in explain the Indian situation where you know India is at a moment where you would describe it as Democratura you know a what created by conflating democracy which is democracy and dictatora with this dictatorship.

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Which is of course not a positive thing to look at. Now we come to, I would like to talk about the idea.

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The fundamental one of the fundamentals of democracy which is the freedom of speech for example which is being you know the freedom of speech is being targeted to a very large extent in India like for example we have you know certain campaigns like you know, campaign against a functioning of the current prime minister.

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And there would be certain arguments like, given the situation there would be certain women saying that, of course, there is a freedom of speech, but we cannot guarantee freedom of speech.

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Which talks about the you know, the situation of democracy. Right? Because you you may speak whatever you want but after you have given the speech you might be arrested or you may be jailed or you know whatever I mean there are certain many instances to talk about that but I wouldn't be going into the detail of it.

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And another incident that I would like to talk about is the ban on documentary screening of this BBC documentary India, the Modi question where the documentary talk about the role of current prime minister in you know in the 2,002 rights which is obviously against minority Muslims right So this is one thing and another incident I would cite

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few instances to show that you know democracy is that is not in a very healthy state in India. Are also of the recent past in 2,020 a priest who was otherwise you know human past in 2,020 a priest who was otherwise human I mean sorry tribal rights activist he was branded as one of the urban

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Nazis, a tribal rights activist. He was branded as one of the urban Nazis.

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Having links with the Band Communist. He was branded as one of the urban Nazis.

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He was branded as one of the urban Nazis, having links with the band Communist Party of India and therefore having direct involvement in instigating violence and all those things.

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And therefore having direct involvement in instigating violence and all those things. And he was wrongly, I mean he was implicated in a connection with a case of January, 2,018 and he was jailed and of course the priest has died while he was in the jail.

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So this is another instance. Of course, I mean all of us must be, you know, quite aware of it.

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There was a huge farmers agitation against the agricultural laws which is moving towards the corporateization of Indian agriculture but here what I would like to talk about is the hope of democracy in the sense that there were lots of there was so much of resistance against this corporateitization of Indian agriculture that the loss that was you know, supposed to be, implemented

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was repealed after so much of protest from the farmers and the people who support the cause. And so many people have been arrested.

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Who were, the who are protesting against citizenship amendment Act. Which was this was in 2,020 where wherein the government tried to identify and validate citizen on the basis of religion.

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Yeah, so this was another incident for the detail. We can always go back and look into it. But since we don't have so much of time, I wouldn't be going into the detail of it.

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But you know, so many arrests were being made based on this and of course this is also a continuation of carnage that based on Citizenship Amendment Act where you know people were in like 53 people have been killed in Delhi where the majority of them being Muslims, right?

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So all these instances clearly shows that the state of democracy in India is being is not in a healthy state.

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And interestingly, as I've put it on a screen, maybe you can see it on January, the twelfth, 2021.

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I mean this definitely shows that the world is watching India, right? I mean the state of the world is watching India, right?

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I mean the state of democracy, what is going on in the state of democracy, what is going on in India.

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And then they, you know, this is going on in India. And then this is a statement on in India and then they you know this is a statement on January, the twelfth, this is a statement on January, the twelfth, 2021 where several members of the British Parliament's members of parliament had demanded that

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human rights provisions be made mandatory in all future trade deal with India following a debate in the House of Commons on religious persecution experienced by minorities groups.

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So this speaks loud about the human rights situation in this country, particularly those of the minority, the poor and the helpless.

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And of course, I mean during the post during the COVID-19 pandemic there was so much of migration, reverse migration and all that.

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There was so much of migration, reverse migration and all that. And India is a mix of culture.

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I mean, I come from, migration and all that. And India is a mix of culture. I mean, I come from India.

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I come from not part of India. So we have we have you know different different idea of how Indians should look for example.

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Those who have we have the majority kind of you know notion where India should have a you know big eyes and sharp nose and you know all of those but here for example the the thing that you know coronavirus and all of those.

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But here for example the thing that you know coronavirus was originated in China and all those things.

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So those people who looks like Chinese, they would be branded as coronavirus and all of those.

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So all these were part of the story of this regime right so now I come to A state of Manipur which is northeast India.

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Noticed India. I'm quite sure many must be aware. I mean, many must be aware of the state of Manipur now because the violence is quite huge and you know it's and the news is widespread right so now there's this is a case of in Manipur it is a case of ethnic

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conflict between 2 groups particularly now between the cookies and the majority group might taste. Where they are demanding a shooting tribe status or which the you know other ethnic community has and which they don't.

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Protest and counter protests and killings and counter killings and you know so many properties and so many lives have been killed so many properties have been destroyed and till now it is ongoing it started it started on the third of May, the twentieth 23 and then now it's still ongoing but the issue that I want to address here is that the state is

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silent. The the central government is silent. You know, they are left to fight for themselves. And the situation is continuing, like I said.

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So now what I want to question is where is the rule of law and where is the question of democracy here in the relation of state and center.

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So. Now, coming to the discussions of academy on democracy for example as recent as 1,983 or 1,984 there has been so much of talk only about the positivity of the question of the democracy, how democracy is successful, how democracy, how strong is democracy and

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there always there was so much of talk about the hope on democracy, right? The warings thing is that in recent years, the mood seems to be trending in the opposite direction.

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Now the literature draws attention to the phenomena of democratic erosion that the democracies that no longer die in one fell suit, but rather slowly bit by bit.

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Democracies nowadays, scholars talk about how democracies nowadays are dismantled piece by piece from within.

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And some of the recent examples that we talk, we can talk about it are these are the works of the scholar how they explain how democracy is going through the darkest hours and democracies are failing and democracies are not immortal and things like that.

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So these are few of the works that I would like to draw here, which is like the, for example, the work on crisis of democracies of 2,019 and another work of 2,019 which is how to save a constitutional democracy.

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And another how do democracies die for example. So these are the discussion that have, kind of, you know, attracted the academia now, given the status of democracy worldwide.

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So now at the moment there's you know the reasons that we can talk about is the widespread estrangement from our political systems, distrust in politicians, institutions that either do not deliver what they promise or provide just a deposit public organs whose function appears to be the creation and consolidation of new

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privileges. So now I would like to conclude by saying that this is this is something that I've taken from the idea of democracy report of 2,022 which says that despite the pessimism that we have, you know, the democratic pessimist, you know, may suggest authoritarian countries or alternate systems

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of government have not outperformed their democratic peers. And therefore, you know, the conclusion that we would like to draw upon despite the so-called dark hours of democracy and the various instances that we have talked about now in this presentation.

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In fact, there is absolutely no alternate to democracy and the only alternative is to have to go and work for further deepening of democracy.

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Thank you very much. Thank you very much for your arrangement.

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I have one question.

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Very good. Should the permanent position this microphone? So I have a question. So I have a question.

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So considerate India.

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Analyze such processes as Veryosion, crisis of democracy, or maybe transformation of democracy. There are different Hiterns, versions of democracy.

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Which way

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Is more realistic. Crisis? If I have to go for a set or maybe to the formation of democracy.

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Of your question whether there's transformation of democracy or whether there's crisis is more. What do you see some prospects?

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Rule. How about forms of liberal democracy? Yeah, right. See the the question is of course like I talk about if you can see my conclusion and when I was talking about the resistance to democracy as well we can definitely talk about prospects of democracy.

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We talk about, you know, I was talking about the dark art and present at the moment but obviously we can talk about the prospects of democracy in the sense that now for example when I was talking about the situation of India and also coming back to the state of Manipur, there it's okay the state may not be intervening at

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the moment but the protests are still on. So as long as there is an you know resistance and I also hope that there would also be an answer, the response to the resistance that is happening.

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Like the crisis of the farmers protested I was talking about. So now the loss of agricultural you know corporate coronation and all that that was to repeal so as long as there is resistance and open to you know resistance then I think there should be you know prospect for democracy.

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Yeah, that's what everyone. Yeah. From a mince.

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Thank you. Let me hear my chin once again. I should ask Referring to our virtual counterpart.

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The second presentation in our program. Is Reserve for Natalie Natalia, maybe you are in Zoom.

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No? Okay, so.

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In this case, I ask the chain the chain.

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Yep.

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Are you ready to present?

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Yeah, I can go first. Yeah.

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Okay, so David Chin representing the University of Toronto, Canada. Will he will present a paper entitled A Theory of Dialectical Transformation, Historical Materialism for China's state capitalism and the China US.

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Rivalry so they have a chance The virtual flow is yours. You have after 20 min.

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Yep, sounds good.

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Yes, you can start.

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Hi everyone. So, sorry, do I need to, do you?

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Yes, a second. Yes. To share.

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Oh yeah. So, oh yeah, okay, so that's good. So Okay, should I share my screen or the maybe you can show my PowerPoints slice, there on the other side.

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Yeah.

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One. I can. Oh

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Yeah, yeah. Oh, I can share my screen. That may be easier for me to control the PowerPoint slice as well.

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Yeah, shall I do that?

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Okay.

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I can see it just a second. I go technical assistance.

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Okay.

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So the presenter tries to share. Is between you 2.

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Good.

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Yeah, maybe you could angle your screen sharing first and then I can, share my screen.

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Yeah.

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Okay. That's good. Yeah, maybe I should.

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So now can you see my, PowerPoint slice?

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Yeah, you, do you hear my voice?

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Hello hello

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I can't hear you.

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Can you hear me okay?

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Okay, good. So I, okay, I can, I can, go ahead with my presentation.

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Good. Hi everyone. My name is, David Chen.

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It's too bad that I couldn't join our conference session in person by a whole my ratio presentation will be just as good I'm good.

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Yeah. I'm, here today to, present my paper. Title, A Theory of Dialectical Transnational Historical Materialism.

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For China's state capitalism and the China US Library. The, is thatulating conflict between the United States and China has turned into a new Cold War.

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It has become a full-fledged confrontation between the 2 global powers. Including a historic chain war.

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A 10 technology war. A diplomatic struggle to win over allies and growing military tensions over Taiwan.

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The new Cold War weather it has spread across the media for example this is an article from financial times urging the us to stop a new Cold War with China.

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My paper argues that the, escalating China US why will we cause for a dialectical theory of international political economy that captures conflict and disintegration as an integral part of capitalist globalization.

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To do so I will visit the scholarship of transnational historical materialism and in particular, key spender pals and building caros critical builders approach.

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To what the study of transnational corporations and the transnational capitalist class which I argue has incorporated the classical masters theory of uneven capitalist development.

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And inter-imperialist wivalry into the scholarship of transnational historical materialism.

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And is apt for explaining the China US conflict. One is position as a option contender and the other as the Nokan Hageman to provide empirical branding for my argument.

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I conducted a corporate network study to assignment the interlocking the developers of 40 Chinese transnational companies.

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In concordance with previous studies I find that the globalization of Chinese transnational companies and Chinese corporate elite has been modest and has not undermined or replaced the national base.

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Not the signified homogeneous transnational capitalist class formation. My findings have also revealed and inestchable relationship between the Chinese transnational companies.

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And China's party state. Oh, a option character of stay organized capitalism.

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There has been a lot, sorry, here's the literature review. There has been a long history of studying modern capitalism.

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I don't know.

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And the capitalist elite. Sorry, as well as the social, political implications.

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The emergence of monopoly capitalism and call in centralised by NASCAR finance capital and large-scale industry production in the late 19, early twentieth century.

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Brought about paying you a PIN into imperialists was. Fundy, intensified competition between different national capitals.

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The post war with the post war war 2 international order however shifted tours, Kolkowski's notion of outer imperialism under the edges of the United States.

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Which establish an informal empire through the Gretton Woods system under using the dollar as global currency and through the expansion of American capitalism to Western Europe with the Marshall Plan.

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This process signified the making of end of a chance Atlantic capitalist class. What he spent the power cost the expansion of the Anglo-american Lock and Holland to incorporate previous contender states such as Germany and France.

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The newly per turn in the late 19 seventies mark the victory of money capital Oh, national base industrial capital as a power block leading socioeconomic transformation.

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From a Kansian corporate liberalism to Lesa, and neoliberalism. Which unless capital from the regulatory stage.

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Hey, facilitated the newest stage of capitalist globalization. The Amsterdam project was initiated.

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Under this background. For the study of global newly broadest and transnational class formation.

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Focusing in particular on the transnational capitalism. Class as represented by interlocking, directors of multinational corporations.

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The scholarship of, transnational class formation and transnational historical materialism is centered on the Amsterdam School.

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Of international political economy. But also includes the works of some Canadian and British scholars. Such as proper cause.

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William Carroll and Alice, previous corporate network research.

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Show that although some semi peripheral countries particularly China search as major players in the global economy.

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Copy elite largely fell to, integrate with Western center transnational capitalist network.

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As meshed by the number of transnational, directors who simultaneously sat on the bus of to a MoD, fortune, global 500 companies.

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There were at least 2, distinct approaches to, theorizing this, north south, divide and disintegration within the scholarship of transnational historical materialism.

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One focuses on the notion of where we get it integration which I argued stands in line with the Kowskiian notion of outfit imperialism.

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And sees capitalist globalization and even capitalist international listen as some kind of end of history to termination point toward which every country is heading.

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I'll be it selectively. The ecos the liberal globalists and post-status framework of international political economy and seems to have difficulty explaining the China US conflict which has increasingly turned into a full-fledged confrontation.

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The other approach is based on Keys Mandela's concept of the lock and howling and the hopsion contained as to structural products of the uneven development of historical capitalism.

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Ranging from the struggle between British liberal state Thanks, bonnet parties state in the 19 and sorry in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.

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Via the conflate of Britain and Germany in the late nineteenth to early twentieth century. And the US led Chancellor LinkedIn corporate liberalism versus the Soviet we distributed party commended state in the mid twentieth century.

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To the most recent job political tensions between the Western base hyper liberal state. And the, and the newly, industrialized, sorry, and, sorry, between the liberal base hyper liberal state and developmental state capitalism.

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In the newly industrializing the world countries in the late twentys and early 20 first centuries.

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China is the best example of the last group of newly industrialized countries somebody on the principle of state organized capitalism.

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The Lockton Hobson notion is helpful in distinguishing between, Lock and State Society formation and Hobbesian socio economic configuration.

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Including the different kinds of relationships between the capitalist class and state elix in the 2 forms of society.

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The login. State society complex is categorized by a formal separation of civil society from state power.

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And of the property owning capitalist classes from the governing class of the state. Which largely relies on the cell, regulating market.

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Angle transnational civil and political society for its functions. By conscience the catch up economies or so-called Hobson contender states Keep in their industrial and technological backwardness.

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And lower level of social cohesion. Will have to take on a phone of socio economic organization.

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We are in the state as as as a balcony. In order to forge national unity and organize economic development.

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Deferring the relative economy of society, the state.

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My empirical study is banks is banded on assisting copyright network research that's often investing center or otherwise never neverly focused on a small fraction of the Chinese capitalist class.

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Such as the oil elite. My study concentrated on China and included a diverse group of Chinese companies into the analysis.

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I collect your data on, 40 Chinese, transnational companies. A cause 10 business that is selected from the 2,019 fortune global financial list.

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To examine their corporate networks to interlocking directories. I further stratified. The 40 companies.

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In terms of their ownership structure. Into 2 broad categories. That's a state-owned enterprises and a private firms.

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This 40 companies, constitute the, cost sample my data. at the at the end of the interlocking, networks are the neighbor companies.

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The neighbor companies, they're headquarters locations and their ties to the cost sample Chinese companies. Crucial to the the question at the heart of my study.

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My research question is How and to what extent are the faulty Chinese transnational companies? So, mutual board.

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Interlocked with other Chinese firms. With companies of other Asian countries. And with friends of Nong Asian countries.

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So like, and also, you know, a follow-up question is that, you know, like Chinese leading transnational companies.

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Integrated into the Western based. Transnational capitalist class. Community or the has Chinese cup copyright network be made.

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A domestic holiday center.

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As shown in, table one, nearly 400 and. 1,200 interlocks among the 14 companies were identified.

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Table 2 shows that there were, 501 current and 696 you know, it's a state one is times, or, corporate ties that are wise

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Oh

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as a director moves from one company to another. For the network analysis I focus only on current ties

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Figure 2 displace the network of all current ties. Square singles in where, are they on enterprises in the course sample?

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Diamonds in where it privately on call sample companies Circles color include, domestic neighbor companies.

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Dose in green are regional neighbors. And those in yellow are transnational neighbors. In total there were of 40 call sample.

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Companies. 267, domestic neighbors. 85 which you know neighbors paying 33 transnational neighbors each light in the network indicates an interlocking director or multi multiple directors.

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Shared by a pair of companies. The degree of connection is in indicated by the thinness of the lights.

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Most of the neighbor companies have only one interlock. Which indicates a week time with the car sample companies.

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There were however 68 companies whose interlocking relations to the cost sample companies containing 2 or more share directives.

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Indicating a strong tie. As a display by figure 3 here as you can see

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The networks show that although a decent number of Chinese transnational companies do participate in regional and transnational elite, interlocking.

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Those interlocks tend to be carried by single directors. In indicating we connections. Why are strong tie connections are a highly concentrated in the hands of a tiny feel.

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And in the hands of, CK Hutchison, in particular. as you can see, on the, bottom left of the, graph.

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You know you know CK Hutchison is the only Hong Kong based and Hong Kong own company, in the course sample.

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So yeah, so my network findings have, illustrated that the globalization of Chinese companies and Chinese corporate elite has been modest and has not undermined or replaced the national base.

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Not to see. Homogeneous, transnational capitalist class, formation.

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Instead, the farmer often works as a functional extension of the, of you know for communication strategic investment you know are parties sorry or parents subsidiary relationship purposes also, based on the, biographical information of the, corporate directors.

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I also found an inestriable relationship between the Chinese state and Chinese corporate from Huawei to CK Hutchison and from Alibaba to tension you know like this finding fix with the login that, and ascending power outside the Locken planting like China most often has to

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take the phone of our socio economic configuration to catch up. The capital response in a option state state institutions.

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In the sense that, you know, there are fields into the stay organized catch up economy. And to a large extent.

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Half their fate tied to the geopolitical instances of the state. China as a content state is funded on a Hawkian form of socioeconomic organization.

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You know a phone of stay-at developmental capitalism and court in the convergence of the party state and monopoly capital.

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So.

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Oh, which I argue has gone beyond. Heal fittings and landings. A the session of monopoly finance capital in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

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Given that Chinese party state capital complex, websites and even higher form of capitalist organization.

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A child that in April saying the same power to challenge the hedge fund. Which was the option in the, Imperialist struggle between Germany and Britain.

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This I argue is the secret behind the so called china model and the last, last, we month.

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The, the uneven nature of global capitalism has meant that the going into international production, Che and finance does not lead to capitalist internationalism.

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As implied by Kowski's notion of actual imperialism. The dialectical relationship between peace and war is well captured by landing.

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Quote peaceful alliances prepare the ground for wars and in their turn grow out of wars. The one conditions the other.

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Producing, alternating forms of peaceful and non peaceful struggle. On one and the same basis of imperialist connections and relations within.

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Economy, sorry, 15 world economics and world politics. That's the end of the quote.

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A theory of dialectical transnational historical materialism. I argue is helpful. In understanding China's role in the international political economy.

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It's Hobbesian motive social economic organization. And the a China US conflict as a Lock and Hobson struggle for power.

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And, that's the end of my presentation. Thank you, all for listening.

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Thank you. Yeah.

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Thank you very much, for your very interesting contribution. Maybe participants in our

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Please.

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Anybody have questions or comments? I have a question. What do you think about Lenin's theory of imperialism is Chinese state now imperialist state is a Chinese economy exporting capital to Asia, Africa, sometimes Europe and America.

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Yeah.

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Is it really imperialistic state?

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Yeah. I think yeah, that's a very good and critical question. I think like, according to a landings theory of imperialism you know you know imperialism is now you know an autonomous policy of the state you know that can be

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a adopted or discarded, right? But, but it's, you know, a structural feature of at the development of monopoly capitalism And, so, you know, and also, you know, like, I think, Landing also shares this idea

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Yeah.

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with Rosa Lassenberg that Yeah, like capitalist accumulation cannot occur in a closed capitalist society.

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But must you know like you know the lie on a ceaseless expansion and exploitation of the non capitalist world.

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I think like Chinese capital is no different of course you know like and you can see that you know like China's capital has been spotted all over the world.

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In recent decades, you know, into Africa, into the Middle East, into South East Asia to the state project of the Belong Road Initiative for example.

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Yeah, I think I think. I always say yes, I mean according to a landing sphere we have imperialists and you know, ascending capitalist power, you know, has to be imperialist.

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You know, it's not a choice. you know, of this day, you know, it's not an autonomous, state policy.

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That can be a dirty or discarded, you know, but it's a, a structural feature of global capitalism and and monopoly capital listen right and yeah I guess that would be my answer to your question.

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And thank you for your question.

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Thank you for your answer. Actually, our program of presenters. Is our We consider it. The case of India the case of China, unfortunately the case of Russia was not presented but you can find abstract by Natalie really care in abstract book for the Congress.

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Generally speaking post-globalization is a new condition on new set of tendencies after globalization which promised the spread of maybe triumph of liberal democracies.

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Now we can see examples of our territoryism. Authoritarian populism. Mobilize and demos against liberties and there is new very complex and contradictory can be studied by sociologists and the largest democracy in India and the largest democracy in India and the largest democracy in India and the largest autocracy in India and the largest

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autocracy. China of course the most important Subject matters for sociologists who are interested in this relationship between economy and political system between mass production and mass consumption and mass involvement.

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In politics. So maybe somebody has final remarks. Yes, please. Please use microphone.

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It's important to our record as yes. P for you. Where is you? Yes, please.

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Oh, hi.

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And please introduce yourself. Yes, hello, David. I'm Vesa Boron and I'm from Finland.

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Oh, okay.

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And I have been also studying learning stereo for imperialism. And, and also, red, floor, Luxembourg and and, and Kkowski's, thoughts about imperialism.

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Yeah, interesting. Yeah.

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As far as, as far as I have understood the learnings theory has been used to Explain for example to First World War.

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And also to explain Second World War. Now we have a war in Europe. And you are talking about the rivalry between U.S.A. and China.

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What do you think? On on the basis of Lennis theory and other theories. Can there be any peaceful solution for this?

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Situation that is emerging. This rivalry between U.S.A. and China for example. Is to any, is there any hope?

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Let's say so.

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Yeah, yeah. Yes, yes, of course. Yeah, there is always, hope.

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I guess, IBU you know, a year is, Rosa, a notion of socialist and or paparianism right and and that's always the you know the choice for our future you know II totally agree with that statement you know I totally agree with that statement you know

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like you know if you don't want a you know a pavilion was you know and the you know the construction of of the the whole humanity then we would need social listen or of course I guess that that will be a Rosa lesson this answer to your question and And that would be my answer to your question.

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Yeah. And thank you for the question. Yeah.

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Thank you, Derek. And Thanks to everyone who participated in our session. It's really sh.

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But it's one more symptom of post-globalization, new economic administrative political barriers.

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Prove it. Many presenters, many sociologists to participate physically in our Congress. We try to overcome new barriers using communicative technologies and avoiding control of Blood-scale institutions inherited from industrial age.

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And of course Control of structures in inherited from the age of the classical imperialism depicted by Marx, Lenin, Kowski and by other Theoris from the left wing.

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Once again, thank you very much. That is, that's all.

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Good.

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Yeah, and thank you. Professor, I will know, for, organizing, our conference session and yeah.

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Oh.

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And thank you, David. Good luck. Okay.

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Yeah. Yeah, I do. Yeah, see you. guys again, serial, folks again, in the future.

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Yeah.

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Yes, of course. Hello. Hi.

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Yeah. Yeah, yeah, thank you. Yeah. Bye.