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okay, I think we can start.

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Welcome to this session.

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I called retirement in the 20 first century. I'm very happy you made it, even though we had the official Federal party behind us. So

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some people may think that it's over. But it's not. We are here, and I'm very excited.

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to start this session today. We will have 4 presentations, all together.

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2 will be delivered by speakers on site and 2 by speakers online. I'm not quite sure if the last online presenter is with us, so we will

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check it on the go. But this means that you don't need to worry that much about the time.

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so I will give you your 1516 min.

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and I will encourage us to have the nice discussion afterwards, so that we can also reflect on all presentations in the whole session. So what I would suggest is that we can ask like really urgent clarifying questions right after presentation. But the actual discussion, both to the end of the session. If that's okay.

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And of course, before we start, I would like to start this session with acknowledgment of the country.

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So on behalf of everyone gathered. I pay respect to the spirit of country here in Nam, where we are making.

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I acknowledged the past and present calling nation would really work as the sovereign people. Here

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the cultural knowledge holders maintain

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and

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and promote the norm are aboriginal law, customs and custodianship, responsibilities for country and the people that country continues to sustain generation after generation

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into the future. For all of us I recognize the important contribution that fascination thinkers have made to sociology, including challenges to our dominant ways of thinking.

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We thank all of his nation delegates in the room and in the conference today for their contributions to knowledge in the recipe.

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And of course, as you know, he says, very well organized, you can use different hashtags to stay in touch. You can use application to contact outers, and we really encourage you to do that.

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So without further ado, I would like to invite Danota

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Rodriguez got your work to start with the first presentation today.

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don't. I will have 15 min. If you run over the time I will gently let you know that the time has run. Okay.

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: okay, thank you very much.

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You can not

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek:  okay, is it? Okay? Then you see the screen.

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yes, we can see the screen, we can see you so everything that was fine.

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: Thank you.

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: And our paper is based on part of an ongoing research project that addresses the situation of post receiving pensions below the State minimum pension.

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: Today, we want to focus on the perceptions of justice among the participants of the qualitative component of our study.

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: Why perceptions of justice matter, and there are, there is a substantial body of research on perceptions of social justice. The majority of studies address the distributed dimensional justice, and some focus on the procedural aspect.

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: Let me just mention several findings to emphasize the significant significance of the topic. Perceptions of justice not only shape individuals, assessment of particular institutions or policies, but also influence their overall attitudes towards society and state.

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: If people feel that laws and policies corresponds to their beliefs about justice, they become more committed citizens.

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: The perceptions of justice is subject to the underlying structure of of a society. Individuals sharing the same social and cultural backgrounds tend to share beliefs about what is just and what's not

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: experiencing a sense of injustice can have serious negative consequences for once. Well, being. for example, employees who perceive their earnings as unjustly low

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: for an extended period of time are likely to develop health problems.

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: There are different and sometimes competing principles of distributive justice. For example, the authors of the European Social Survey module on a justice and fairness states that while high levels of inequality violate the distributive principle of equity.

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: research in the field of social justice. Perception has often a light on experimental or survey method, methods with qualitative approaches being relatively infrequent.

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: Moreover, studies have rarely addressed perceptions of of of pension systems

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: in program. The Public Opinion Research Center conducted several nationwide service on this topic

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according to the results. Post believed that in a just pension system.

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: Pension rights should be connected to work, that is, individuals who have worked for a specific duration and made pension contributions should be entitled to receive pension benefits.

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: proposals seeking to completely transform the social insurance model and separate old age benefits from professional activity do not find widespread support in Polish society.

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Additionally, powers consider an earlier retirement age for women to differ.

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: Currently, there is a 5 year difference between men and women in Poland as it comes to the retirement age.

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: The current shape of the published universal pension system was influenced by the historical changes of the late 19 eighties and early 19 nineties, when the countries of the Central and system, Europe under one systemic transformation, and between both Communist countries

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: in Poland this meant a shift towards New Orleans, it also had an impact on social policies.

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: In 1,999 Poland had a pay. As you go define the benefit pension system.

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: The amount of the pension depended on the earnings from selected years of the working career and the contribution period, and was relatively weakly correlated with the amount of contribution paid to the system.

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: There was a requirement for for individuals to have a minimum contribution period in order to be eligible for retirement. This system was reformed in 1,999, affecting those who retired in 2,009 or later

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: a 3 Pr. System was introduced. A fundamental change was also switching from the defined benefits system to the defined contribution system, in which the amount of the pension depends on the total sum of contributions paid to it by an individual.

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: It is now an insurance insurance based system. In line with the this.

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: These changes represent a shift in the responsibility for all old age security from the State to individuals. The reform has eliminated the requirement to have an adequately long contribution period to be eligible for pension.

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: and now any one who has ever paid any contribution is entitled to receive a benefit proportional to their input. This is important for our study. So I would like to emphasize it under the new rules. If you to contribute to the system only one month during your lifetime, you would still be entitled to a pension. When you reach the environment age.

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however, the pension amount would be very low, likely equivalent to a dollar or 2 for months.

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: The period of contribution still has some relevance, the State will increase the pension which is based on individual contributions to the level of the minimum pension. When an individual has contributed to the system for at least 20 or 25 years, 24 women and 25 Roman.

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: And this a minimum pension equals currently equals to 390 us dollars before taxes.

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: If you do not have a sufficient contribution period, your pension will precisely correspond to the amount of contribution you have made to the system.

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: More than 365,000 polls receive pensions that are below this minimum level.

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: This is a new phenomenon before the reform. These people would not have received any pension due to their insufficient contribution period. If they were any needs, they would have to rely on the social assistance system.

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: The change means that a new category of retirees has emerged those with very short insurance periods.

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: Now, I would like to move to our project. We are currently in the midst of the reset product of a research product. and to to analyze this new fundamental.

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: The project includes a qualitative component where we contact individual interviews with people who already receive pensions that are below the meeting pension, or expect to receive such a pension within the next few years.

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: In this part of the project we adopt the life course approach as well. Through our ticket up framework.

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: We have scheduled 45 interviews for this component but unfortunately due to challenges in recruiting interview with, we are currently behind schedule, having contacted only thirty-free interviews so far.

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: although the analysis of the collective materials is still in progress. we decided to share our preliminary findings with you, and we hope to worship your feedback.

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: what is important for us. We

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: have also planned a national nationwide survey within the project.

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So we expect that the qualitative components, in addition to its own value will help us to phone right survey questions.

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: the quality of the qualitative interviews, aim to assist us in addressing 2 research questions. First, what life situations are behind the fact that some people have a very short contribution period, and as a result, or receive below minimum pensions.

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: And, second, what are the views or retailers who receive such low pensions regarding this situation and in directly regarding the new pension system

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: in relation to social justice. Today, we want to focus only on the second question of the topic of social justice perceptions.

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: And here I would like to make a small linguistic comment. In the Polish language there is, there exists a single word that means both just and fur.

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: So Why, we employ both of these terms in this paper and this, remember that during the preparation of the interview guides, and during the interviews their means were intertwined

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: in preparation for the full itative study. We made the the assumption that the concept of justice or fairness would be relevant to our interview with perception and assessment of their situation, and in directly to the assessment of the new pension rules.

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: This assumption was based on the observation that the issue of justice regarding measures below the minimum threshold has been discussed in various contexts in Poland.

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: These discussions include statements from pension policy experts as well as online conversations related to my media reports on the topic.

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: we decided to focus on justice issues that arise among all their people with different life trajectories, and on their perceptions of the rules that govern the new person system and leave aside issues pertaining to the into intergenerational justice.

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: We also implicitly rather than explicitly, assume that that interview with would be aware that there was a change in the system.

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: and they are subject to the new pensioner regulations

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: and have, at least a basic understanding of how the new rules operate

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: in terms of what we could hear from the interface regarding the perception of social justice, we did not formulate any hypothesis. This category of redire is is new, diversified, and under explored. We've only limited administrative data available.

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: I would acknowledge some of the social demographic characteristics of this group, let alone the perceptions of justice, is extremely limited. Consequently we approach this part of the studies exploratory in nature.

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: Okay, so next slide, you can see some characteristics of our sample. We had more women than men. But this reflects also the

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statistics, because

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: about 80% of people receiving a below minimum pensions are women.

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: I would like to mention that although most of the interview. We were experiencing financial difficulties at the time of the interview. There were also several people who were doing quite well, due to having automatic sources of income apart from

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: Here. You can see questions that we included in our section. on justice. We asked the interview with if the amount of the pension is just

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: who is responsible for the pension situation, and but they believe that individuals have control over how their lives turn out.

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: or it's largely in to. As for external circumstances.

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: so they know individuals in similar situations, so they is. Do they know individuals who have pensions that are disproportionately low or high.

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: Why, we mean, on average of pensions lower than men is at least despair. Is it for that matters of 4 or more to that, receive a minimum pension right? That less of their contribution.

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: And should we provide assistance to people in in a difficult economic situations.

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: the results. Our initial observation is, and the the section about justice was challenging for many in the release, and the justice category seems to work in effectively in part of the interviews.

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: Many of respondents, again they answer with, I don't know. Some interview is proposed. I turn alternative categories to describe their situation, andly mainly the category of needs.

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: in many interviews we know this responses that at least at first glance appeared inconsistent. Frequently they to be with initially shared their life stories, highlighting numerous external obstacles that hinders their professional career.

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: But next one asked directly who is responsible for the amount of their pension? They attributed the responsibility to themselves.

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: There was a wide variation in knowledge about the pension system overall. Most respondents understood that retirement and the amount of their time and the benefits are connected to one's work.

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: but they have different perspectives on the nature of this relationship. Some respondents seems to view retirement as simply a phase of life that comes after a career without considering that retirement benefits are directly tied to the course of this career.

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: for certain interview is a diamond symbolized a period of tranquility. It's credibility or and financial security rather than being seen as a calculated reward for fast work.

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: When the interview with believed that the low amount of depression was just was just and provided 2 types of explanations.

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: Firstly, they argued that the pension amount was appropriate, considering their contribution.

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: they were focused on the sure of the short duration of their employment rather than on the amount of their contribution.

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: and, secondly, they acknowledged that the pension amount was in accordance with the low.

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: However, some individuals expressed regret that the law might be perceived as just, but somewhat inhuman. Some interview with regarded the low amount of their pension as unjust. They mainly argued that the low pension fails to meet their basic needs.

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: There were also individuals who pointed to the responsibility of the State and its institutions or employers.

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: The interview with believe that this did not function properly. For example, a person who had worked for a long time on several low contracts on which the employer was not required to make social security contributions, considered her situation, and for

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: another interview we was receiving a benefit for carrying for a child with a disability this ability. and when institution had lost the documents that proved that pension contributions had been made on on this benefit.

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and those 2 people believed the amount of their pension was unjust.

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: The interface helped different opinions regarding whether reproductive work was should be acknowledged through a pension benefit. While we have not extensively, extensively examined this matter, yet our initial observations suggest that men were more inclined to what this solution compared to women.

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: This is

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: yeah, I'm close to the, to the, to the when evaluating the the amount of their own pension from a social justice standpoint. They interview with most often refer to to to principles of distributive justice.

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: First, the principle of equity which states that the strip, this, the distribution of goods, are dance should be based upon individual inputs.

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That is, the more someone contributes the more the some that someone should receive.

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: And the second principle, the principle of need according to which goods and pardons should be allocated in a way that ensures basic needs. the basic needs are Co covered.

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: Nevertheless, references to procedural. A procedural justice also appeared, both among individuals who believed them all that they pension was just, and those who.

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: for the opposite.

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: in our view of the countries like to countries like, for countries like Poland, investigated perceptions of social justice concerning pensions differs from examining them in relation to other goods, like earnings or wealth

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: and mathematical algorithm that size the amount of attention to the previous trajectory of a working life matters to people's evaluations. Conflicting principles come into play. On the one hand, the pension amount seems just because it follows the algorithm. On the other hand, it seems unjust if it's considered in other contexts.

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Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: Thank you very much for your attention.

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Danota. Thank you very much for this great presentation and insights from Poland. are there any urgent questions that would require

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explanation at this moment, or can we hold our thoughts and ideas to the final discussion?

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I see there are none. And also I think that I have one announcement, it seems that our  final presentation.

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 want to be delivered. As the

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a presenter is not present on mine, so

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this is good because we will have more time for discussion, and it's also good information for our next presenters by. So I would like to invite you, because I won't disturb you. unless you will go above 18 min. Okay, so you don't need to worry about time. you can just

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come to the podium

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and I will try to set the

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the setting right.

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Thank you very much.

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Yes.

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no, no, just a

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thank you.

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Well.

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hello, everyone, and and thank you for their participation, the final day and the final sessions I'm very happy to. And the presentation in the Isa World Congress.

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and I'm Das Katanab from Japan and on today's present. So today, presentation title is an analysis of a career and the retirement pattern in old age.

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And in contrast to the previous

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presentations, my presentation is based on the quantitative research

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 the and Japan population aids the notion that all the the core requirement is not obvious. The laborhood participation rate of Japan's older people is

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higher than on Western European countries, for example, that the figure it shows a level of participation in always, for example, the

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orange line is just retirement. For example, the male is the the 65 to 69, the

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over. And just about the 60% continue to work.

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And then. it's on the same situation, too.

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and the neighborhood participation is increasing year by year. Now.

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So the employment of older people has become an important policy issues

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in Japan, and its promotion has evolved around the act on stabilization of employment of elderly person

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and the in Japan and the Japanese.

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When we argued about the

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employment in Japan. It's a very important feature of the gap between the pension age and the general mandate to assignment age. The our pension age is 65,

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but the general mandate retirement A is a 60 that we have the 5 years gap, so that

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that, for example.

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mit Ctl. And and aged 60 to 64. Then they based on the lack of employment and the the lack of the continuing work and the lack of the pension, so that they have to continue to work. This period.

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However, as you note, as you show, that and many people continue to work to 60 are.

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and after 65 plus.

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So

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that's the next figure and shows a racy of status of older employees. The figure shows that it's a very important point of the implemented status.

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The regular employees means a full-time workers, and in the they

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they are the tenured the Emperor is, and the non-negative employees means no tenured, and then sometimes of hard time, but sometimes the full time employees

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and the

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for now the before the 60 years old, the mainly a main.

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Many employees are the regular workers, however, the after 60.

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So the reason of the non-regular employees is ultimately increased

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so, and and the female is a basically very higher

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the list of of non-regular employees, too.

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So in that sense, it's a When we consider the older people's labels participation in Japan that we have to consider the difference. The regular or the non-regular was a self-employed situation. So

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in my presentation, the research question is, what practice determines employee Emperor's status in all as employee status means regular, non-regular, self-employed, but no work. That means a retirement.

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The

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so I.

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I want to analyze these 4 categories.

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So the influence of that and the I

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analyze. the determinants will be the influence of the gender administrations, economic situations and learning and preparation for retirement, and her status.

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The previous studies, the label economics, such as the and the sociological aging Hub.

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many, many previous studies about the retirement.

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and then they focus on the first. The previous study is focus on the family, especially the caregiving.

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because the especially as a 4 men have the anthropology.

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so the

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they can continue to work because they are supposed to help the husband. However, the

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female, or for females, the they have the supposed.

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and then they

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and the female have to keep the

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house works. So then they stop. They tend to stop the work.

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So after the retirement agency.

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so that it's a family status is important, and the second is our economic status

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after retirement to our age.

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The rich people

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tend to stop to work. However, some people

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feel the economic anxiety over the economic insecurity. The pension ages, of course, crucial, and the saving is crucial too.

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However, the other concept is the ikigai works, and inkigai means Ikiga is the Japanese world and the means that was arrived.

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And the it's a very interesting point, because if

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people

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do.

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I continued to work after retirement as Iki Guy.

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so that they don't pay attention to the economic situations so that they want to.

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Yet the social law through the labor.

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So that and it is a bit amid the opposite, the argument, the economic status, and that you are insecurity.

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It's a course that causes to that continue to work. However, if people it, you guys, if people work as it, I work

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so that they don't plantation to the economic stations each other in that sense is that if people do.

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I, I work, and in that economic status is not related.

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do that.

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continuing to work.

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and the second is the adaptation to side age. The saddle age means

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 All the people are in the side of edge. The people keep healthy. and the people. People can challenge the new actions.

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So the and the inside aged.

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There are many older people want to start the new action, for example, that is, for example, that people try to learn

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is that new

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situations.

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and then they

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through running the

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and they

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one to some situations, and then they go to the community.

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so that they, if the adaptation to side age, their people stop to work.

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and his is, of course, unimportant too.

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The

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in this previous study, and I analyze the previous studies. I have to.

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I said that 5 hypothesis, the household allocation. Hypothesis means a family status is associated with employment in old age, and second, is economic anxiety. Hypotheses on the economic status is related to employment, or especially, it's a low

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tension and low expected pension was alone getting the pension.

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and the low savings is related to employment.

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However, the opposite. The hypotheses. G. I. Work hypotheses. Economic status is not related to continuity work in all base.

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and the force hypothesis. The side age hypotheses learning activities and preparation for retirement associated with retirement in older age, because sad age is.

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they think, the different. The life stage to the second life.

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However, the some people do run for work.

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and the people learning, and if they run into whole work, are related to continue to work in orange, because that these hypotheses think the 2 type different running

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experiences. And the final is a has hypothesis.

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Then I analyze that the the data is we. I analyze the Japan panel study of employment dynamics. Jps, CD by nuclear Works Institute. And I analyze the full work. The the pandemic study is annual, follow up studies, and in that they

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total number is over the 50,000 people. But in the

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I analyze about the

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to 50 plus people. and about the 10,000 people

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I set the to model with. Our first model is a cross-sectional analysis on

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using only wave 4, because the wave whole has additional so questionnaire to in terms of the today and the post-retirement situations.

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And the second analysis is a panel analysis over the wave 1, 2, 4,

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and the

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and the variable is a dependent. Variable is a implemented status. The employment state is is a for categories. The regulator employee, non regular employees, and several employees and retirement. The reference I I choose a reference category is the regular employees, because the many almost demand.

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have we worked as regular employees before us. Retirement, aged.

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An independent variable, is

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on the table, and the control variable. This age and the retirement within the one year. Dummy variable.

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I said, the 2 models. The first model is a cross-sectional analytic wave home that I conducted the much nominalistic regulations, and to

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utilize the additional art and sorry the I conducted the much numerous regulations.

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and then the way, who has the additional questionnaire for 50 plus people.

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and then

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and the that the analysis is just only cross-sectional. It's not covered the causal relation, but the way forward data have a very rich questionnaire, so that, for example, that these

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this variable has only the way for data, so that I analyze the only the way for data.

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and the second is a panel analysis of 1, 2, 4,

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and I conducted the fixed effect of Martha, nominal residue allegations, and to control and observed. But Observed heterogeneity across individuals, and to analyze the vising effect

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in that sense. It's a and time effect

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in the

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individuals.

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The description is the implement of status.

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and you can show the graphs the sorry

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that in for now the many

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only the about 30% is retired, and then the

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over the 70% continue to still continue to work, and the female is about over a half

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female. All the female continue to work, too.

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And this the

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statistics is a bit higher than the national public statistics.

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Okay? And I show the result.

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The first is a household allocation hypothesis. The male is supposed More likely to stay regular markets, and the female, we suppose, More likely to be self-employed or and employed. So

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in this sense is the May. We suppose

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Chen continued to work. However, the female was supposed to tend to stop the work.

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And the presence of family full- need care basically is not associated with implemental steps. It's interesting, but but the especially the male, for male

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 tend to stop to work.

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 so that. And it's as an interesting situation, I think.

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and the final is a change in multiple status is not associated with the change in

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the implemented status.

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and the second is our economic anxiety and the Iqii work.

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The

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first. The result is that the the economic situation was for men than what they work on, whether no regular or self-employed

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people have a small saving with more expected pensions

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continue to work as no regular was ever employed. It's not the good

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this. The work

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cannot get good salary, however, that they have to work. I continue to work.

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And the the We. We have, the good economics retired women have good economic situations. In that sense it is a form. The good economics, economic saving was a pensions, especially the pensions.

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and they stop to work. And Italian hypothesis have not supported, because

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you can show the many the significant statistics values, so that if Gigi hypotheses is correct, the it's not the

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significant to related, however, this, this, this is the statistically significant. It's a so in that sense. The Italia hypothesis is not supported.

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However, the the No- is in effect.

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I character. I did not

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within effect. It's as a time across time effect is not.

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And then

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the next slide is the

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I'm all right. It's okay. Thank you. And it's a sad age. The women were more likely

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to not continue working than those who engaged in learning activities. It's here.

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then, if the female

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run the line and do the learning activities not created their work

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so that they

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female to stop to work.

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However, the self-running which related to work generally increasing the probability of staying is non-regular about employment.

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In that sense it's a self-lining which, related to work. hold it, continue to run.

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and in the preparation for retirement increasing the probability of being non-regular employees or retirement for men, and the probability of being retired for women. so the preparation for retirement it

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 If the people do prepare for retirement, however, they stop only their regular work, and they continue to know regular work. I it's interesting. So

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the finally, the health and the horses of a

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common senses that that is very common sense. All the people who feel more stressed remained employed. However, all the people with good self-related to health continued to working. It's a bit contradictory. However, the men were also more likely to be unemployed. Due to hospitalization was a serious injury. The hospitalization and the serious injury. Within the one year

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the cause it to stop to work

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a result, and the implications the multi-state as clearly directs gender differences. Load expectation did not change in all age and analysis at one time, and this analysis is just only one time point, but consistent with previous study in that caregiving version has no effect.

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and the more economically stable women are, they are less likely that they are, but they are to stay in the labor process

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for men. The kozaki is not clear, and the more detailed analysis is needed. However.

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the economic situation is

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the have the big, complex effect to continue and stop to work.

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And the final is the it guy work. Maybe if a different way of working from so-called employment, what I work because, for example, that they, the it guy back sometimes means a paid brand here pay. The volunteer is some people it doesn't work, but some people it's a just grant here. It's a a bit to the contradictory situations, so that the in this studies the Igi works, the hypotheses, is not supported better than the

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I enter on where I interviews on the older people. They feel a they every time. I say, it is very important. So that's in the

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it's an important situation. I think there are.

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Yeah self-running activities which related to work have a strong influence on continuity work.

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and the men and women and the may differ in the preparation for retirement. This may deflect the fact that time tend to be allocated to saving asset utilizations

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in seminar, in in companies around the climate aged.

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and the for me, the learning in variety of Broad senses led to increasing economic anxiety and contination of of employment rather than the fruitful of activities in the side of age, as new life states.

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Okay? And then, finally, the implications, and that continuing to work or retiring in all age is so.

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It is a social experience that occurs at the nexus of the wide range of fractures, including of administrations, financial situations, learning, and health, as well as the motivation and the experience of the individuals.

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and in the limitation was a

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My, the study is here. I was at the time to a brand. So thank you so much.

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Good. Thank you.

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It's Ok, thank you very much for this presentation. I think we'll have plenty of questions afterwards. Now I will try to go back to the session display. In the meantime quickly check if our online presenter has joined

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and I see, Rima, are you with us?

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RS: Yes, I am. Hello.

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Okay, great. You are here because I didn't see you before, and I thought maybe you won't be able to join us, so, for now it will keep to the schedule, so it will be the last presenters. And now I have the pleasure to invite Karina to the podium

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and ask her to present.

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I'm sorry. Can you help me with them.

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That's done. Yeah.

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And here we go.

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Do I need to stand in the specific position so for to be

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so, the soon can see me. Oh.

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good afternoon, everyone.

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Thanks for being here today, this last day. of the conference.

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maybe the last hours of this conference. My name is Carolina nudlin there.

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and I'm a Phd. Student in social work

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at the Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies at the University of Java in Sweden.

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Today I will present

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as some of the main findings from my first article, a systematic review

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which is a part of my Ph. My thesis. I will start to give you a brief background.

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the proportion of all the persons in need of care.

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I've started to outpage long-term care work for supply.

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also known as the Increasing Care Gap.

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Most countries will expect a shortage of long-term care workers in the near near future.

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and the demand will continue to grow in the coming decades.

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For example, an additional of 60%

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of long-term care workers are expected by 2,040

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in the alleged country Member States.

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even in countries with relatively high, long-term care work for supplies.

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For example, in Sweden, where I'm from.

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the long-term care work for has declined

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to extend work. Life

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that is postponing one's retirement. It is considered to be one key political solution.

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To prevent this due to workforce shortage in general

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and in occupation as long-term care in specific.

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But these labor market changes, striving to extend working life.

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It may be especially challenging for the position of all the workers, and in sectors with physically demanding work as in long-term care.

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experience, young quality, and way wages are lower and non-standard employment

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is common in the long-term care sector.

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also the Median age of a long-term care worker is

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higher and long-term care workers tend to leave the labour work and the labor force as a younger age than the general work. general workforce.

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But

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all the long-term care workers, retirement intentions

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do not necessarily be in the political reforms. Aidist aimed at postponing the retirement age.

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despite the relevance factors that contribute to early retirement. Intentions among all the workers had received little attention

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and studies on specific occupational

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sectors even less.

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In this presentation I represent some of the findings from this systematic review.

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synthesizing previous research on factors associated with with retirement timing, if retirement intentions among all the workers in the long-term care sector.

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We used a PE OS framework to determine the aim and the eligibility of the review questions for this study

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for population. We use the Oecd definition of long-term care workers which include personal care workers.

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nurses, and care staff

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working in institutional or community-based, long-term care

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of all the persons in need of care, 4 to 5 years or older.

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to study long-term care workers before they retire. We needed to adjust the cut of point.

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to define all the workers in this review to as low as 4 or 5 years old.

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The aim was to perform a systematic review of an individual family job and organizational factors associated with retirement intentions. Among older, long-term care workers

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this presentation will focus on individual

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and organizational factors.

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Retirement timing is relative to what's constitute on time

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or normal normal retirement age in a specific sector or a national context

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which can be assessed through several measurements.

368
00:49:31.480 --> 00:49:33.299
We use the average

369
00:49:33.530 --> 00:49:37.809
illegal aid to receive old age pensions

370
00:49:37.920 --> 00:49:45.089
determined by one's chronological age. In reviewed papers, national context.

371
00:49:46.140 --> 00:49:56.050
The on Time Age in this review was set to a cut of age at 65, based on the definition of the normal retirement age.

372
00:49:56.200 --> 00:50:01.480
early retirement intentions, refers to the period of time

373
00:50:01.600 --> 00:50:11.579
that occur prior to the actual retirement that is in the case. In this case the transition from work to actual retirement

374
00:50:11.770 --> 00:50:17.850
to focus on retirement, intentions. and not actual retirement.

375
00:50:18.430 --> 00:50:21.369
is of particular importance

376
00:50:21.520 --> 00:50:25.250
for primitive work and policies.

377
00:50:25.370 --> 00:50:28.349
I am planning for the future workforce

378
00:50:29.290 --> 00:50:33.569
the study designed for exclusively quantitative studies

379
00:50:41.250 --> 00:50:46.599
for the review process. We were guided by the prisma statement, checklist

380
00:50:47.220 --> 00:50:57.080
pubmed medline scope is in all Psyche info babo. The science and so index were searched for, relevant, published, and peer-reviewed articles.

381
00:50:57.610 --> 00:51:07.509
Filter supplied was article written in English or Scandinavian language. and but published between 2,02021.

382
00:51:08.210 --> 00:51:15.159
The data extraction was made manually, data on study, design, population methods

383
00:51:15.330 --> 00:51:20.939
were retrieved manually for each article, and summarized in tables.

384
00:51:21.640 --> 00:51:24.400
The date of our narrative synthesized

385
00:51:25.330 --> 00:51:30.809
the quality assessment, assessment was conducted in the final sample

386
00:51:31.200 --> 00:51:38.700
of the fault text article by using Dbi checklist for cross-sectional studies.

387
00:51:39.400 --> 00:51:42.470
cohort studies and case control studies.

388
00:51:52.760 --> 00:51:58.149
Factors associated with retirement timing in the general workforce

389
00:51:58.170 --> 00:52:02.710
are commonly recognized in the literature as either push

390
00:52:03.170 --> 00:52:07.720
cool for early retirement, or stuck, or stay

391
00:52:07.920 --> 00:52:10.350
for late retirement.

392
00:52:10.580 --> 00:52:15.270
This model present the central concept of push-pool stuck and stay

393
00:52:15.600 --> 00:52:21.210
in relation to early or late retirement, intentions.

394
00:52:21.650 --> 00:52:24.569
and the degree of voluntariness

395
00:52:25.230 --> 00:52:30.720
focus for this presentation is only on the early retirement intentions.

396
00:52:30.910 --> 00:52:36.450
but to fully grasp the model. I will briefly explain both

397
00:52:36.700 --> 00:52:40.509
a concept for early and late retirement intentions.

398
00:52:41.840 --> 00:52:45.820
So the push and stock factors in the lower part

399
00:52:46.280 --> 00:52:54.590
are considered involuntary, unwanted. but with different consequences for retirement. Intentions.

400
00:52:54.690 --> 00:53:00.659
for example, poor health may involuntary push, one out of work

401
00:53:00.860 --> 00:53:14.349
or not to afford to retire, may reflect ones involuntary, stuck at work. The pool and stay factors are voluntary, positive, and desirable factors

402
00:53:14.360 --> 00:53:18.810
also, with different consequences. For example, appealing leisure time.

403
00:53:19.590 --> 00:53:29.309
 may want one voluntary pool at the work, and social support from colleagues may want voluntary stay at work.

404
00:53:30.360 --> 00:53:39.040
Several factors are important for the right time and timing process, and to understand the link between organizational factors

405
00:53:39.190 --> 00:53:50.920
and early retirement intentions. The job demand resource model also may serve to explain various type of employee employee, well-being.

406
00:53:51.780 --> 00:54:00.640
for example, the job demand both physical as well as emotional demands. It is believed to lead to strain and health problems

407
00:54:01.060 --> 00:54:07.620
which I believe to push all the workers into retirement and job resources is believed

408
00:54:07.970 --> 00:54:14.829
to reduce job demands which are believed to make all the workers stay put at work.

409
00:54:20.340 --> 00:54:31.629
So some of the descriptive findings of the duplicates were removed, a total of 4.5,000 articles were identified in the main search.

410
00:54:31.740 --> 00:54:34.360
101 articles

411
00:54:34.440 --> 00:54:38.269
remained of the Titan and abstract strike were screened.

412
00:54:39.250 --> 00:54:44.780
Both main search screening and Titan and abstract screening was blinded.

413
00:54:45.190 --> 00:54:53.140
92 articles were exceeded with reasons. The mainly part of the excluded articles was due to the wrong population.

414
00:54:53.230 --> 00:54:57.730
and the other half was excluded, due to the wrong study, design.

415
00:54:57.930 --> 00:55:00.090
or wrong outcome.

416
00:55:00.840 --> 00:55:10.830
6 articles were illegal for inclusion, and the studies were conducted in Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Germany, and Us.

417
00:55:15.800 --> 00:55:26.640
Our findings suggest higher physical job demand and lower social support to be potentially involuntary push factors for early retirement intentions.

418
00:55:26.780 --> 00:55:31.620
This is confirmed in previous research on all the workers in general

419
00:55:31.830 --> 00:55:42.009
that is, perceiving low social support support seems to increase all the workers. Intention to involuntary push. All the workers out of a long-term care work.

420
00:55:42.080 --> 00:55:49.700
while perceiving high social support, seem to work in the opposite direction to stay put in long-term care.

421
00:55:51.740 --> 00:55:59.629
an example of voluntary stay factor. These findings are in correspondence with the jump demand, resource, model

422
00:55:59.990 --> 00:56:15.610
inconsistence with the previous research and push-push factors is the all the workers in general. We did not find an aesthetic, statistically significant association between all the workers, early retirement, intention

423
00:56:15.670 --> 00:56:21.889
and help with health. emotional job demand and job resources.

424
00:56:22.730 --> 00:56:30.600
For example, the most cited and major push factor for early actual retirement in the general workforce

425
00:56:30.620 --> 00:56:32.280
has been poor health.

426
00:56:32.890 --> 00:56:40.969
The non-significant association on health could due to a selection bias such as the healthy worker effect.

427
00:56:41.590 --> 00:56:48.280
where all the workers with poor health has already left the workforce at the time of the study.

428
00:56:48.440 --> 00:56:59.010
One other possible explanation concerning this and non-significant association with health. All the workers earlier life course, as duties

429
00:56:59.070 --> 00:57:01.670
that's like caring for children.

430
00:57:01.980 --> 00:57:12.579
or all the relatives of the genderred or sick leave might have impacted on lower rages, resulting in fewer pension benefits

431
00:57:12.830 --> 00:57:14.910
which might lead to Oliver

432
00:57:14.940 --> 00:57:18.419
workers being involuntary, stuck at work.

433
00:57:19.870 --> 00:57:31.260
One interpretation of the result is that poor health may serve as an involuntary push factor in the general workforce, but not necessarily. Among all the long-term care workers.

434
00:57:35.190 --> 00:57:40.570
some conclusions overall several gaps in the literature are evident.

435
00:57:40.840 --> 00:57:50.069
2 prominent examples are voluntary pool factors for early retirement, intentions and involuntary stock factors

436
00:57:50.200 --> 00:57:54.519
as well as voluntary stay factors for lake retirement intentions.

437
00:57:55.270 --> 00:58:02.469
also several involuntary push factors appear to be as least least as important

438
00:58:02.490 --> 00:58:11.089
for the intentions of all the long-term care workers to retire early as they are to all the workers in the general workforce.

439
00:58:11.680 --> 00:58:19.319
that is, policies aiming at prolonging the general work. Life will also be applicable in the long-term care.

440
00:58:20.010 --> 00:58:29.689
Finally, although there was no statistical, significant association between early retirement, intention and health and emotional job demand.

441
00:58:30.040 --> 00:58:39.529
Among these long-term care workers. These factors are significant in establishing a sustainable working life

442
00:58:40.070 --> 00:58:44.900
regardless of work. Sector and H.

443
00:58:48.190 --> 00:58:49.509
Thank you for listening

444
00:59:07.030 --> 00:59:10.679
currently. Thank you very much for those insights. Now we will move to our

445
00:59:11.300 --> 00:59:14.360
sign your presentation. That is online.

446
00:59:15.390 --> 00:59:16.310
So.

447
00:59:23.660 --> 00:59:36.189
Rima, the floor is yours. I'm really sorry that you can't be here with us on site, but there are people really interested looking at you. We can see on the big screen. So if you share your screen, we will be able to see your presentation.

448
00:59:36.530 --> 00:59:40.850
RS: Thank you so much. Thank you. Thank you to everyone for being here.

449
00:59:40.950 --> 00:59:49.090
RS: I think we're almost done with the conference. This might be one of the last presentations.

450
00:59:49.100 --> 00:59:50.449
RS: oh.

451
00:59:50.670 --> 00:59:51.719
the second.

452
00:59:56.620 --> 00:59:57.450
RS: Very well.

453
01:00:00.840 --> 01:00:01.530
RS: Oh.

454
01:00:01.950 --> 01:00:05.969
RS: give me a second. It's always like this when you're trying to do something.

455
01:00:09.010 --> 01:00:11.440
RS: Can everyone see me and hear me?

456
01:00:12.940 --> 01:00:18.719
RS: Yes, we just would like you could change to the presenter mode because we can.

457
01:00:18.990 --> 01:00:21.000
RS: give me a second.

458
01:00:26.240 --> 01:00:27.600
RS: Okay, here we are.

459
01:00:27.680 --> 01:00:33.589
RS: So today, I'm going to talk about midlife retirement priorities of professionals in India.

460
01:00:34.090 --> 01:00:46.000
RS: And this was a piece of research of which I received a small grant funding. and kindly provided by case Western is a university.

461
01:00:46.240 --> 01:00:53.880
RS: So the study explores the perceptions of urban middle class white collar employees in India.

462
01:00:53.890 --> 01:01:15.699
RS: There's very little research actually, in India on aging people, particularly professionals. There's not much research on women professionals and talking about retirement priorities and things like that is just it's just starting to emerge that space of research.

463
01:01:15.830 --> 01:01:25.240
RS: So productive aging is a concept that implies productivity with an emphasis on older persons as assets and not a burden.

464
01:01:25.650 --> 01:01:31.230
RS: A wide range of activities from production of goods and services paid on unpaid.

465
01:01:31.250 --> 01:01:43.400
RS: volunteering, formal or informal caregiving, and those activities that develop the capacity for work have been considered as contributing to productive forms of aging

466
01:01:43.410 --> 01:01:48.310
RS: which also contribute to improved quality of life satisfaction and help.

467
01:01:48.320 --> 01:01:53.729
RS: So that's basically the concept that I was working on now the context.

468
01:01:53.780 --> 01:02:01.380
RS: India is aging past like some other countries, and there's very little social security.

469
01:02:01.730 --> 01:02:28.090
RS: So the projected growth during between 2,000 2,050 in the 60 plus age group is 326, and for the 80 plus 8 crew it is 700. So in the aging population. Of course, you know this is over a long period of time, but it will gradually become a problem, as we are already seeing in some other countries of the world.

470
01:02:28.210 --> 01:02:33.489
RS: So because there is a mandatory retirement age in most sectors

471
01:02:33.570 --> 01:02:41.200
RS: both income and engagement become critical issues and researching attitudes through these can help inform policy.

472
01:02:41.600 --> 01:02:58.269
RS: Prior studies on productive aging and retirement have largely focused on rural and blue-collar adults. This study involves a sample of 133 people of relatively high socioeconomic status in India who completed our survey.

473
01:02:58.750 --> 01:03:06.550
RS: Key findings will be presented based around how respondents plan to prioritize their time post retirement.

474
01:03:07.150 --> 01:03:15.750
RS: This is actually part of a much larger study. on retirement. So what I'm presenting to you is one aspect of it.

475
01:03:16.040 --> 01:03:23.199
RS: So the key aspect for that gender differences in retirement expectations represent an important area of study.

476
01:03:23.480 --> 01:03:35.439
RS: Prior research has documented differences in retirement. Goals of men and women in the Us. And in Australia. But there's hardly anything on gender differences around retirement in India.

477
01:03:35.710 --> 01:03:44.359
RS: There is evidence that leisure pursuits are more salient for men while engagement in work is more appealing to women.

478
01:03:44.990 --> 01:03:50.100
RS: Good physical health appears to encourage continued work participation.

479
01:03:52.780 --> 01:04:03.520
RS: The methods used well, you can see that it's actually a mixed method study. We're still working on it. So there were 74 women, 50 74 men, 58 women.

480
01:04:03.780 --> 01:04:19.820
RS: age of 45, that above the survey was administered online and also in person for some there were some statistical data charts in some regression analysis undertaken, and some qualitative porting which is under way.

481
01:04:20.770 --> 01:04:25.669
RS: So if we look at the demographics.

482
01:04:25.790 --> 01:04:31.699
RS: we can see that. there is you know. So you have age.

483
01:04:31.730 --> 01:04:48.849
RS: The averaging was about 50.3 to have the male female break up, and you'll see that most of these people were very highly qualified. So M. E. 87 so 65.4% were postgraduates.

484
01:04:49.350 --> 01:05:01.530
RS: and of 24% had that so pretty much, everyone was a graduate or higher. So the typical number of people in a household were 3.15.

485
01:05:03.770 --> 01:05:06.219
RS: If we look at oops.

486
01:05:06.860 --> 01:05:08.929
RS: what happened to my screen?

487
01:05:09.360 --> 01:05:20.940
RS: Okay, Martin. Status mostly married. employment status again 56, almost 57% who are full time employed full time

488
01:05:21.170 --> 01:05:36.510
RS: Others were a little less than full time, a few people. So we asked them, do you consider yourself retired, and some people did say that they consider themselves retired, but by and large most people were in the pre retirement sort of phase

489
01:05:36.700 --> 01:05:40.929
RS: now, typical household income that's

490
01:05:40.970 --> 01:05:52.990
RS: you know. So I mean, there's a a sort of a Usd benchmark there for people who are not familiar with Indian currency. So one Usd is about 82 Indian rupees.

491
01:05:53.220 --> 01:06:08.549
RS: So we were looking at fairly high income people for for India. So 33% for earning sorry. 25 for earning more than 85,000 Us. Dollars.

492
01:06:08.710 --> 01:06:17.599
RS: And you know, a a large number of them would be, you know, between 40 and 80,000 Us. Dollars.

493
01:06:17.810 --> 01:06:18.750
RS: for example.

494
01:06:19.020 --> 01:06:29.609
RS: living arrangements. Again, you have the set up here. Most people were living with their spouses. Probably the children have grown up and and left, etc.

495
01:06:29.930 --> 01:06:34.540
RS: It's sort of that, you know. 50 plus age bracket

496
01:06:34.870 --> 01:06:40.759
RS: these were, you know, we were targeting urban professionals.

497
01:06:40.850 --> 01:06:51.659
RS: And again, India being largely kind of dominated majority. It's, I think, yeah, there isn't a large religious friend.

498
01:06:52.480 --> 01:07:09.860
RS: Also, we ask them, are you likely to inherit property, or worth more than rupees 50 lax, which is about 61,000 Us. Dollars and more than half said, yes, so that means that they do have some, you know, assets which they're likely to inherit.

499
01:07:11.340 --> 01:07:23.730
RS: So when we started asking them about their what what they want to do after retirement, how they wanted to spend their time.

500
01:07:23.750 --> 01:07:29.980
RS: This was what was really interesting, actually. So we found that

501
01:07:30.640 --> 01:07:38.140
RS: again, I'm going to show you some pictorial depictions. These part chats just give you an idea, but I will summarize at the end.

502
01:07:38.210 --> 01:07:55.789
RS: You can see how the men and women sort of you know the spread in terms of what they thought. They will do so in terms of religion and spiritual pursuits. They were very similar, so that don't seem to be gender differences there

503
01:07:55.860 --> 01:07:58.220
RS: in terms of hobbies.

504
01:07:58.420 --> 01:08:26.140
RS: clearly, there is some difference. It looks like women are more keen to spend more time on hobbies. Now, this could also be a you know, that women have had less time before to spend time on these sorts of things. So the benchmarks are that those are what we'll get through. Follow up interviews, probably. But one could speculate that.

505
01:08:26.270 --> 01:08:37.700
RS: you know, some of these things might be things that people have spent less time on before, and they would therefore like to spend more time on this later, after retirement, when they have more time.

506
01:08:38.640 --> 01:08:54.279
RS: Okay, moving on. We have parents. Would you like to spend more time with parents? And again we find that women seem to be more keen to spend time with their parents compared with men after retirement.

507
01:08:54.840 --> 01:08:57.200
RS: physical fitness and health

508
01:08:57.460 --> 01:09:11.899
RS: again. pretty similar. It looks like both men and women really want to prioritize this. You see that they say that they won't spend time on this very frequently and frequently, as compared with some of the other things.

509
01:09:13.380 --> 01:09:14.540
RS: Now.

510
01:09:15.800 --> 01:09:21.090
RS: spending time with immediate family, that is, spouse children or partner.

511
01:09:21.310 --> 01:09:34.019
RS: we find that again. That's quite interesting. But it looks like women are slightly more keen to spend time with immediate family than men.

512
01:09:35.460 --> 01:09:45.730
RS: Now we moved paid work which is really interesting, because you can clearly see that women are much more keen on paid work.

513
01:09:45.840 --> 01:09:49.489
RS: And this is where and you know, this

514
01:09:49.520 --> 01:09:56.660
RS: turns out to be statistically significant in terms of the difference. When we do the numbers. So

515
01:09:56.920 --> 01:10:00.949
RS: again, one can speculate about why that is

516
01:10:00.970 --> 01:10:06.159
RS: It could relate to some of the things that I said earlier in his presentation

517
01:10:06.190 --> 01:10:19.629
RS: also about the social framework, the opportunities that women have had before to work, the their economic situation which might need for them to work, or it would be. You know, they got it sort of concept.

518
01:10:19.690 --> 01:10:24.000
RS: So it's These are some of the things that we are exploring.

519
01:10:25.110 --> 01:10:30.679
RS: moving forward. Grandparenting seems to be quite similar for both men and women.

520
01:10:30.720 --> 01:10:42.549
RS: so does social media in terms of, you know, entertainment and other things. So these are areas that both would like to spend time on in. So it's similar

521
01:10:43.120 --> 01:10:44.410
RS: percentages

522
01:10:45.400 --> 01:10:54.200
RS: running an online business or paid work through the Internet again, very, very similar for both genders.

523
01:10:54.780 --> 01:11:05.390
RS: now moving to charity and volunteering again very similar. So taking on community leadership, roles where they live, etc.,

524
01:11:06.080 --> 01:11:25.169
RS: household chores. Now this this again. We can see clearly that men intend to spend more time on household yours and women as we all know, I mean. The research tells us that women clearly spend a lot more time on domestic

525
01:11:25.270 --> 01:11:45.310
RS: work. So this is something, I mean, perhaps the men responding to the fact that they've done less of it before, and would like to try their hand on it, or you don't be more supportive, or just so, it's it's just a benchmark compared with the fact that they've done less with before and might do more of it later.

526
01:11:47.050 --> 01:12:02.209
RS: Starting again and learning a new skill. again, it looks like the women are more keen to do this and sort of again. Maybe it's a fact that they will have more time to spend on something like this

527
01:12:02.690 --> 01:12:08.290
RS: attending to sick family members very similar for both the both

528
01:12:08.560 --> 01:12:14.069
RS: and social community activities, club friends, neighbors, etc.,

529
01:12:14.140 --> 01:12:16.480
RS: again very similar.

530
01:12:16.690 --> 01:12:23.040
RS: So that's a sort of summary of you know the the numbers and what they look like.

531
01:12:23.280 --> 01:12:36.480
RS: But basically the key findings were that some of the 4 priorities were found to be very similar around Bobby's parents immediate family physical fitness and health.

532
01:12:37.080 --> 01:12:51.999
RS: Gender differences were noted where women were significantly more likely to indicate that our society browns upon paid work after retirement. So there was a question here trying to sort of unpack. You know the cultural context.

533
01:12:52.090 --> 01:12:53.910
RS: And

534
01:12:54.280 --> 01:13:15.959
RS: you know, it's interesting that the women said that society more women said that I you grounds on paid work after retirement. But despite this 68.5 8%. Women agreed or strongly agreed, that they prefer a paid alternate career after retirement compared with 53.6 6 of men.

535
01:13:16.020 --> 01:13:28.019
RS: So that's I got me in that sense. So it's that they they, you know, ready to to work and undertake paid employment regardless of social.

536
01:13:28.330 --> 01:13:44.090
RS: Another significant difference was on the question. I need to be gain fully occupied for my own personal satisfaction with 100% women reporting they agree or strongly agree as compared with 85.3 7% Ben.

537
01:13:44.850 --> 01:13:50.810
RS: So that again, you know whether it's about economics or

538
01:13:51.290 --> 01:13:59.949
RS: what you know keeping one self engaged is interesting will be interesting to figure out.

539
01:14:00.410 --> 01:14:02.829
RS: So we will need.

540
01:14:04.110 --> 01:14:07.319
RS: So we sort of end with the kind of like

541
01:14:07.360 --> 01:14:10.530
RS: the discussion bit, because this is still ongoing the work.

542
01:14:10.690 --> 01:14:21.610
RS: The results of men and women's perceptions in paging were remarkably similar while living in a country with entrenched gender inequality. So that is something to think about.

543
01:14:21.700 --> 01:14:36.169
RS: Some cultural influence was apparent in the finding. 17.9 5%. Women agreed or strongly agreed. Compared with 5.7 7% main that society crowns on post retirement paid work.

544
01:14:36.710 --> 01:14:48.549
RS: Women appear to want paid work after retirement. Despite social constraints, this could be a way of asserting economic independence in a patriarchal society, or perhaps be attributed to the gender pay gap.

545
01:14:48.770 --> 01:14:50.829
RS: That is a distinct gender pay that

546
01:14:51.590 --> 01:15:19.439
RS: an inclination towards productive aging is apparent in the percentages indicated that an affinity to want to be engaged in work paid or unpaid, and activities through family and physical fitness. All these take priority. again, you know, some of it may be constant conditioning, but clearly people want to do things they just don't want to sit back. And you know, watch TV. when they retire.

547
01:15:19.540 --> 01:15:27.880
RS: Further research could explore the cultural nuances and reasons for these findings. So thank you very much for listening, and I'll be happy to thank you.

548
01:15:27.950 --> 01:15:29.090
Questions.

549
01:15:37.120 --> 01:15:50.589
Rima. Thank you very much for this presentation. And now I would like to open the floor for questions, comments and remarks, just for the sake of our online participants. I would suggest that if you have any question here from the audience.

550
01:15:50.600 --> 01:15:54.269
if you could come to the microphone, state your name and

551
01:15:54.440 --> 01:16:04.659
ask the question. That would be great. And of course, Rima and Danota, if you also have questions to our other presenters. Please feel free to just raise your hand and let me know. And

552
01:16:04.680 --> 01:16:12.790
we will take the questions and comments right now we know that the microphone is working.

553
01:16:13.590 --> 01:16:16.949
So the floor is open. Now for the discussion.

554
01:16:21.410 --> 01:16:24.519
Okay, it seems that we have a very shy audience today.

555
01:16:25.760 --> 01:16:33.020
RS: I have a question. So I'm just going to ask

556
01:16:33.260 --> 01:16:56.060
RS: So because the Japanese context is so interesting and the fact that one of the findings was that caregiving is not related to employment status, I think, was one, or the fact that you know it. There's a sick person at home that doesn't impact. You know what kind of work or whether you want to work.

557
01:16:56.060 --> 01:17:13.470
RS: So I I was interested to know a little bit more about the Japanese context of caregiving is that is it like easy to get care doing support? Does the State provide something? Is it cheap expensive? So some, you know, I was trying to figure out why it doesn't relate to

558
01:17:13.560 --> 01:17:17.509
RS: employment status. I was wondering if that was able.

559
01:17:18.180 --> 01:17:21.890
Basically, if you want to come here so that camera can at you.

560
01:17:23.360 --> 01:17:25.510
Are you conspicuous? Of course, whatever you

561
01:17:25.860 --> 01:17:39.849
so thank you for your questions. And in terms of the caregiving. My data, as you mentioned, my data is not related to the care giving.

562
01:17:39.960 --> 01:17:42.190
However, the

563
01:17:42.760 --> 01:17:47.700
I think there are some of you are here. The first idea is that

564
01:17:47.940 --> 01:17:56.930
in my analysis I don't the before I put on

565
01:17:57.320 --> 01:18:05.109
I need to define the true mealcare. And how people you really care. For example, the family is a suburb of, suppose.

566
01:18:05.130 --> 01:18:12.239
for the grandchildren and the children. It was quickly to get different

567
01:18:12.330 --> 01:18:13.599
type of care.

568
01:18:13.770 --> 01:18:17.530
for example, because I suppose all the other people suppose

569
01:18:17.560 --> 01:18:22.139
so. We. The department has the long-term care insurance system.

570
01:18:22.420 --> 01:18:30.020
and then, if they get the types of long and care insurance, it's a bit cheaper.

571
01:18:30.130 --> 01:18:34.129
The The. I can't even.

572
01:18:34.140 --> 01:18:46.439
however, currently the ground Parliament is very important in Japan. But we are the parent think it's very interesting, because one parent.

573
01:18:47.130 --> 01:18:48.810
1, 2 chair

574
01:18:48.880 --> 01:18:58.740
for grandchildren, however, that they want to. At the same time they want to give the money for grandchildren.

575
01:18:58.760 --> 01:19:03.920
So in that sentence they what for

576
01:19:04.130 --> 01:19:13.749
giving you money for grandchildren. It's a great and interesting and complex situation for care giving.

577
01:19:13.950 --> 01:19:20.839
So it doesn't that I think my danger is not related to the caregiving and the

578
01:19:21.560 --> 01:19:23.500
they support for the concept.

579
01:19:25.970 --> 01:19:27.390
RS: Thank you. Thanks.

580
01:19:31.900 --> 01:19:35.959
Thank you. Today. So we have one more question from Lucy. So

581
01:19:40.850 --> 01:20:06.789
Hi, we'll see David Davis. You are from Czech Republic, and I'm sorry, miss. Dunno test presentation, but I kind of wonder if the present, as I got on, have anything comment. I know we are the sociological conference. But I wonder what extent values and personalities are involved in this kind of decision making, planning, early retirement, planning, and these things. So if any of you would have any comment on that, that would be very valuable for me. Thank you.

582
01:20:11.260 --> 01:20:16.019
I'm not sure, maybe. Don't. How would you like to start, because I think this is really relevant to

583
01:20:16.030 --> 01:20:20.790
to the presentation you had about the Polish context and the notion of

584
01:20:20.940 --> 01:20:21.940
justice.

585
01:20:24.770 --> 01:20:27.189
Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: Hmm.

586
01:20:29.770 --> 01:20:32.809
Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: well, I think that there are some.

587
01:20:33.290 --> 01:20:37.450
Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: some

588
01:20:37.600 --> 01:20:39.970
Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: that about

589
01:20:41.650 --> 01:20:54.109
Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: the about people that they people can and just continue their activity. They did before. So I think it's somehow related to the values. Because

590
01:20:58.090 --> 01:21:02.610
Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: I sorry I I I think I just need more time to think.

591
01:21:05.380 --> 01:21:09.459
Okay, no worries. Take your time. Does any

592
01:21:09.710 --> 01:21:13.320
one from the other presenters would like to reflect

593
01:21:13.380 --> 01:21:20.930
on the question of values in the retirement planning. And yeah, Carolina has some insights. So please take a mic.

594
01:21:22.660 --> 01:21:25.310
the question.

595
01:21:25.720 --> 01:21:28.810
he said. No, and

596
01:21:28.820 --> 01:21:43.740
this was a systematic review, so of course I couldn't. I know what the defining was, but it was surprising that it relatively was lack of studies.

597
01:21:43.860 --> 01:21:48.650
and the studies that I found was very

598
01:21:49.070 --> 01:21:51.129
the

599
01:21:51.490 --> 01:21:55.380
well, they didn't hear the

600
01:21:55.730 --> 01:22:03.940
conceptualized aging, even though it was studies on aging. And there was a very

601
01:22:04.920 --> 01:22:13.660
the concentration on studies which focus on just work, work, environment and work

602
01:22:13.680 --> 01:22:22.400
situations and work-related factors and nothing, almost nothing about values, motivations.

603
01:22:22.460 --> 01:22:24.290
and

604
01:22:25.170 --> 01:22:29.839
those kind of factors. And that was really surprising for me.

605
01:22:35.830 --> 01:22:43.290
RS: I can say something here. So I think You know, when, when the research is done sociologically.

606
01:22:43.300 --> 01:23:04.090
RS: typically, what you put forward is the social structure to the respondents. So the questions are around, what is in their immediate social set up, so are they grandparents? Are they part of the community? Are they? working somewhere? Do they have other social responsibilities

607
01:23:04.320 --> 01:23:18.219
RS: to take care of. And this is so. The questions are framed around that individuals social context and the way they respond, will. sort of

608
01:23:18.480 --> 01:23:30.569
RS:  take into account some of their values and motivations. But remember that you know we are all sort of products of our social setup, and we can't escape it.

609
01:23:30.570 --> 01:23:52.350
RS: So this is why, you know, sociology is different from psychology in that sense that it's it's a constant tussle between. Okay, do I do what is socially required? Or do I do? Who I want to run away from it all and do something else? So there may be. There may have been a few respondents who might not want to spend time on any of the things that we ask them about.

610
01:23:52.500 --> 01:24:11.679
RS: but because this is what is put in front of them, and this is what they know. They are surrounded by Their rational mind will tell them that. Okay, this is what. So the way they respond will really be a prioritizing sort of process in their mind, which will also be driven by their values and motivations.

611
01:24:11.680 --> 01:24:26.460
RS: But for the purpose of the research, it is still restricted to. The the framework is social and the focus is not their specific. It's not on the individual. But it's on the social structure.

612
01:24:31.160 --> 01:24:38.709
Okay, thank you very much for that. I'm not sure, Dennis, would you like to come back, or should we move to the next questions.

613
01:24:40.310 --> 01:24:42.329
Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: Let's move to the next question.

614
01:24:42.940 --> 01:24:46.960
Okay, so do we have any more questions from the audience.

615
01:24:49.000 --> 01:24:55.599
It seems that no more questions. So I would like to go back to one more thing, Rima, because you were talking about

616
01:24:57.380 --> 01:25:11.890
different approaches between men and women, and you were comparing the where they were most familiar. What was really interesting for me was to notice that it was only for males that answers that they want. They don't want to spend any time on

617
01:25:12.460 --> 01:25:16.320
taking care of your grandchildren. Am I right that there were the answers of

618
01:25:16.470 --> 01:25:20.880
Never, and not at all, whereas for women those categories were not appearing.

619
01:25:21.650 --> 01:25:25.110
RS: no, it was the same categories for both of them.

620
01:25:25.240 --> 01:25:40.230
RS: And the what I mean I didn't notice. I didn't notice any. Oh, there was some men who said never, and that was not there, for women is what you're saying. Yes, yes, that's what I'm saying, and I wouldn't.

621
01:25:40.260 --> 01:25:45.200
I would have. I would have.

622
01:25:45.300 --> 01:25:46.649
RS: I mean, you know.

623
01:25:47.460 --> 01:25:48.779
RS: Sorry. Go on.

624
01:25:48.810 --> 01:25:49.929
go go, go, please.

625
01:25:50.450 --> 01:26:00.620
RS: No, because I'm just thinking aloud as you speak. That is such an interesting observation, and that is, that could be partly a cultural reflection as well. Where?

626
01:26:00.670 --> 01:26:15.369
RS: the you know. in India. it is still a patriarchal society, and women do most of the home related, and the caregiving work, whether it's a stakeholder person or taking care of children and grandchildren.

627
01:26:15.370 --> 01:26:42.329
RS: So it's all you're almost socially conditioned to feel that you know you would like to do some grandparenting, and that may not only be with your own. Grandchildren, it could also be with, you know, like extended grandchildren or anyone you're in the capacity of a sort of a grandparent, for, because the community and the you know, people kind of take care of their relatives, etc.

628
01:26:42.360 --> 01:27:05.369
RS: But for a lot of men that expectation is not there, and so they might. I mean, there might be some social desirability here as well in terms of the responses. So men might be okay to say no, you know I don't know what to get in. Get into that at all. But women, I think, are sort of condition to not say, never.

629
01:27:06.030 --> 01:27:08.880
Okay, thank you for that.

630
01:27:09.360 --> 01:27:12.709
Do you have any remarks? Comments? Carolina has

631
01:27:12.780 --> 01:27:14.260
one more F.

632
01:27:16.210 --> 01:27:22.660
I have a question for the other presenters. yes.

633
01:27:22.690 --> 01:27:39.519
So the research on retirement is so previous research on the retirement timing is focused on blue colors. Workers, that's true. But less research is on.

634
01:27:39.520 --> 01:27:58.499
and differences in occupational sectors or the inequalities between sectors. So I wonder if you have any thoughts about that? If you have seen any differences in your

635
01:27:58.760 --> 01:28:01.850
the population or studies regarding

636
01:28:02.220 --> 01:28:06.540
differences between occupational sectors

637
01:28:07.650 --> 01:28:12.539
within the blue color, blue color work.

638
01:28:22.560 --> 01:28:24.980
RS:  I can.

639
01:28:25.280 --> 01:28:46.619
RS: So in my study. I was looking at only white collar work. But we did have demographics to see where people worked, and they did did work in different industries, different types of work, you know whether that was a nonprofit or academic, or but by and large most respondents were in the private sector, and

640
01:28:46.620 --> 01:28:57.270
RS: we didn't actually see differences in the responses by industry. It was really, it looks like it's more to do with the economics.

641
01:28:57.370 --> 01:29:09.259
RS: And there's You know how financially accurate they are, and that kind of drives. How you spend your time later is what the research

642
01:29:09.350 --> 01:29:10.800
RS: sort of says.

643
01:29:18.450 --> 01:29:29.739
Okay, thank you, Rima. Now we have one more from  I like to mention about the difference.

644
01:29:30.280 --> 01:29:34.520
For example, as you analyze and care

645
01:29:37.080 --> 01:29:39.560
in Japan, the

646
01:29:40.140 --> 01:29:47.889
average, or especially as a female worker in long term care actually is very high.

647
01:29:48.090 --> 01:29:52.110
It's maybe about the 60 year old.

648
01:29:52.360 --> 01:30:02.540
because the in long-term care settings the many. hemid worker is not the

649
01:30:02.590 --> 01:30:03.960
the hard time

650
01:30:04.260 --> 01:30:08.460
and the long-term care, facility

651
01:30:08.490 --> 01:30:10.900
and facing of the lack of human resources.

652
01:30:11.340 --> 01:30:14.190
because they are selling very cheap

653
01:30:14.640 --> 01:30:21.000
because we have the long-term care insurance system, and the free is only a public.

654
01:30:21.660 --> 01:30:30.899
So now we have the iteration. However, their facility cannot increase in this area.

655
01:30:31.120 --> 01:30:44.429
It will play the recommendation on the government.  the requirements. So that is in long-term care, in transportation it's very

656
01:30:44.500 --> 01:30:50.869
 high and the average higher. And then the retirement age is greater

657
01:30:51.040 --> 01:30:56.010
as a situation, and the blue collar is important to, because

658
01:30:56.160 --> 01:31:01.140
the Intercontinental very big, requires basic conceptual companies.

659
01:31:01.280 --> 01:31:05.780
because they, with many new carriers and they

660
01:31:06.290 --> 01:31:13.159
their retirement. Age is a 60 year old. It's a money that in the age, however.

661
01:31:13.530 --> 01:31:17.609
that many do

662
01:31:18.090 --> 01:31:19.750
say what

663
01:31:19.800 --> 01:31:22.500
in the small company.

664
01:31:22.730 --> 01:31:26.279
for some production or a company that is only one custom

665
01:31:26.330 --> 01:31:28.210
was a very few prices.

666
01:31:28.410 --> 01:31:37.179
and the pension is very cheap. The the basic subject can get potential is always the best pension.

667
01:31:37.480 --> 01:31:39.720
so they have to

668
01:31:40.090 --> 01:31:52.920
continue to work after a month of time at the age, and there they don't have the retirement system. so it doesn't. I think that the measurement is very, very complex, and they define

669
01:31:53.050 --> 01:31:56.110
from the

670
01:31:57.080 --> 01:32:04.490
some different of there's no structures and some different markets. and the

671
01:32:04.570 --> 01:32:09.350
the crucial to the pension is based on already.

672
01:32:15.550 --> 01:32:22.940
Thank you. Dys. Okay, so I will repeat, probably for the last time. If you have any thoughts, any questions that would be the

673
01:32:23.000 --> 01:32:26.549
last opportunity to share them with us.

674
01:32:30.270 --> 01:32:31.209
Of course

675
01:32:31.510 --> 01:32:44.819
Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: I have a comments to presentation. I think that it would be great to conduct a follow up study, for example, in 20 years to check whether your respondents

676
01:32:45.120 --> 01:32:48.569
Danuta Zyczynska-Ciolek: implemented their plans for their retirement.

677
01:32:50.860 --> 01:32:58.350
RS: That's a lovely idea. Thank you for that. Yes, that would actually then validate

678
01:32:58.450 --> 01:33:01.819
RS: whether their life went away, they thought it would go.

679
01:33:07.510 --> 01:33:24.689
Okay. So what I hear is that in 20 years we will have another session. That will be featuring Rema's presentation. And then we can come back to this and check how the retirement planning actually is reflected later on in retirement realities.

680
01:33:24.880 --> 01:33:29.080
and if there are no further questions or comments.

681
01:33:29.310 --> 01:33:52.889
I would like to thank all of the presenters, both online and on site for the great insightful presentation. I think it is really important to highlight that this session was very international. We got insights from different retirement context, and we can still be amazed by differences in retirement systems. Yet the universal questions that underpin the question of retiring

682
01:33:52.930 --> 01:34:09.030
so again, thank you very much for being here online and on site for those of you who are on site. I guess you will have now time to enjoy some Melbourne before the sunsets. For those of you who are online. I think the time differences are different. So

683
01:34:09.200 --> 01:34:13.860
do whatever you do at this time of the day, and thank you for joining us for the session online.

684
01:34:13.970 --> 01:34:16.390
RS: Thank you. Thank you. Thank you.