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So

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good morning. Everyone. Welcome to our session on perceptions and preferences about inequality, meritocracy and redistribution. Originally we had 3 papers which are listed here, but unfortunately, one who was presenting about intergenerational mobility and perceptions of social justice in. Sheena just told me yesterday that he had Co. With, so.

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for an unfortunately he couldn't make it but still have this 2 presentations, and we have on on a slot for an distributed paper that originally wasn't going to be presented as it is going to present also today. so let's just

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Begin with the the presentation about Chile's anger at inequality pulls over the studio social and the world of perceptions and the legitimacy of economic inequality in social protest. By we got lots who, I think.

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Yes. Can you hear me? As well? Perfect, perfect. Okay. So now you're ready to go when whatever you want, you can share your screen, and I will let you know when it's there are 2 min left. Okay.

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Miguel Lattz: okay.

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okay, wait. Let's go ahead.

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Miguel Lattz: That. Can you see my screen?

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Yes, yes, yes.

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Miguel Lattz: So first. Good morning, everyone. I'm knowledge that my presentation is being killed on aboriginal land, and I get my expect for original elders. my name is Miguel Lutz. I'm a senior sociologist. I'm a current student, a Pdg. Student, and the school of Sociology at the University of after the National University.

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Miguel Lattz: I'm finishing my this. So actually, I'm almost at the end of my

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Miguel Lattz: Today I come to talk about a group of process that experience in Chilean 2,019, which we call which is the days of my

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Miguel Lattz: and

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Miguel Lattz: Jen Gillian's new call, this series of math demonstration of this Tagio due to the furnaces and the continuity of the protest. It's that you and a Spanish means explosion. So in some ways the word means like, I tried to refer to the concept that the idea that social discontact explode

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Miguel Lattz: in 2,019.

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Miguel Lattz: So in October 2,019, a self-social mobilization began. that last and About amounts and demonstration took place over the country, and but a star in the capital, Santiago

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Miguel Lattz: The protests were produced by a massive criticism of the country's development model, implemented since the it is by the military stewardship, and which later was maintained and deepened by the democratically elected governments.

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Miguel Lattz: As a result, after several years and chill is criticised by a high inequality indicators, either economic or other type of inequalities.

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Miguel Lattz: as a consequence of this inequality as a consequence of this inequality Chilli at the size by a juror. So. and this group of demonstration of social protests which we call the status, and start for what it seems something really easy or really simple, which which was an increase of 250,

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Miguel Lattz: which is less than $1 on the ticket on the underground system.

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Miguel Lattz: but this increased West V. Necessary back to to a British discontent that it was apparently accumulated in over years in chile. So the protest began to decline. Once all political sector reach an agreement to hold a referendum and change the constitution which we know that is still ongo. It's a still ongoing process right now.

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Miguel Lattz: So

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Miguel Lattz: the social dis demands of the the the are not new, contain balance demand from past years and from different social groups. For example, the month for a pension system from the no massive epic groups demand for a greater gender equality conditions from their

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Miguel Lattz: from the and sorry just check in the the check. This

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Miguel Lattz:  from the movement movement. Also, political demands for homogeneous people. So in some ways they have protest, and the what we have seen before in the country absolutely. And therefore my argument that I, 20% here and in my research is that they protest that originate the context of the are the consequences of a process that began years before

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Miguel Lattz: social discontent grew up over time. I'm finishing broke up in 2,019, but this content has been massive festival before, perhaps not with the massiveness of the studio, but it's A's been present in recent years. In the country. So different actors are expressed. They criticise, not, for in the quality from a student pensioners lab your union Feminist movement.

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Miguel Lattz: but in all of the cases the report was always the same

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Miguel Lattz: not just to like change to the socioeconomic development model are going to be made. So here we can see some photos from the studio, so that try to exemplify what was about in the studio. So

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Miguel Lattz: in this context, the is a misunderstood as a set of highly massive protest based on a criticism of inequality, especially economic, and the development that produce this in inequalities in the country. So after this, the months during the 2,019 of the you sell are very different. Of the they are several demands on on this 10 years, so all of them have in common a pretty simple on the nickel natural of the country, and a search for a more so self a one Italian site.

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Miguel Lattz: So

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Miguel Lattz: it seems. from my point of view that the role of perception of inequal inequality is really important to understand why this the Us. Of course, in Chile

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Miguel Lattz: at this perception of the gonna call it change. And and what? Exactly, what's the role of this perception on the currency of the stadium for many social scientists the studios to sell a course due to a greater awareness of knowledge of genius about inequalities in the country. So, in other words, in in recent years Gillians have become more aware of the level for the coming in and equality, and therefore and they're not taking the street to solve the problem.

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Miguel Lattz: So my question is really so if it's isn't, is the role of the perception so relevant to understand this, the use of self? And so, in order to answer these questions, I develop a quantity of research and based on your typical linear regulation models. Using international social survey program is a Ssb data.

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Miguel Lattz: Specifically the more about the economic inequality which was carried out in Chile in 2,019 and 2,009 and 2,019. So my intentions to compare how this perception of economic inequality change over this period of time and and with that try to understand the role and explain the role of a perception of economic inequality on the of the

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Miguel Lattz: so.

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Miguel Lattz: in terms to understand an approach to the problem of possession of inequality.

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Miguel Lattz: I used to terrace as a reference like that this, then the terrorist social justice and the current relative deprivation?

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Miguel Lattz: broadly speaking, and and without going into the test of these reasons, the theories of said justice, focus on the study of the which principle of this which is conceived, for in so suggested we have many principle that, define a just the situation. For example, equity, equality need a Christian

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Miguel Lattz: So, for example, equity is at the base of this multi-graphic idea that is, at the end of the It's at the base of the capital society which the the distribution of any world working discuss. In this case. Income represent the talent they work away for that person put on the task to achieve that that position. So

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Miguel Lattz: basically, any distribution is fair. If you' to. To one of these principles.

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Miguel Lattz: but, on the other hand, it's Italian. So that just is also focused on social. This is through the validity of this principle. So, therefore, the question is not longer about what principle regulate the distribution to consider it fair, but also how this principle at legitimate size, and put into practice in a daily social interaction.

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Miguel Lattz: It is in this frame which must it? More? position? My, my research.

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Miguel Lattz: It's the economic inequality, a process a while outcome that is considered fair in the Chien case.

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Miguel Lattz: So, to answer this question, it started to use this, the adjusted evaluation function created by Professor Joshua in the eighties, which is the equation on the left size of the screen.

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Miguel Lattz: So the just evaluation is a mathematical function obtained from comparing the vision of a current situation versus an ideal situation, probably cons of the same distribution.

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Miguel Lattz: It tried to recreate the process that each person has to go through in his mind when compared to a current situation, but for an ideal.

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Miguel Lattz: From this evaluation we get a numerical variable, that is, a numerical body with that represent a high, which means that the higher number percentage difference between the actual and the just for work.

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Miguel Lattz: using the just evaluation function as a reference for the to a perception economy inequality. I create 2 more values. which are the perception of the current and economic inequality which on the top right of the screen and the

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Miguel Lattz: tolerate just level of economic inequality, which is the bottom right of the screen.

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Miguel Lattz: here, probably you, you know.

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Miguel Lattz: but more than me in these cases of time, because you're working in this. In the same field, we we use 2 occupation to represent the 2 extreme of the distribution in order to measure the level of economic inequality. 150,

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Miguel Lattz: a high-speed of occupation, which is a CEO of a big company versus a low status of cubation which is on a skilled worker. we now formally location

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Miguel Lattz: with the

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Miguel Lattz: we just to extremely try to measure the level of economic inequality from the perception of people. in the case of perception of economic inequality, the question is about, how much do you think a CEO or are still working on.

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Miguel Lattz: and in the case of a just economic inequality. But the total level of economic inequalities, how we are using a and a CEO or an skill worker.

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Miguel Lattz: So using the just a violation function as a reference. In both cases the body of a suite in a numerical value is equal one or 0 in the case, because it's a liberal move. One means that a person perceive that a CEO and a scale workers short and the same income in the case of just economic inequality

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Miguel Lattz: over one

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Miguel Lattz: means that the person perceived that low statistical as highest touch covid, or more money than on then a low-stage situation. And to end, it's just that there are more money than than unskilled working.

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Miguel Lattz: So in both cases the leg larger, the number means that the person actually perceive greater economic inequality or tolerate a high ratio as a just economy inequality.

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Miguel Lattz: These 2 bodies are at the building blocks that they use to create the most important variable by research, which is the a relative deprivation name, basically, is the comparison between what you you perceive and what do you tolerate as a fair level of economic inequality.

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Miguel Lattz: deprivation theory, the script, the evaluation that each person makes of their own condition with a text to the exo cell environment. The deprivation theory explain the formation of negative feelings, such as frustration, and

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Miguel Lattz: represent such a frustration

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Miguel Lattz: when the person compared himself or his group of reference with a standard or reference that he used for the comparison.

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Miguel Lattz: What is central is is that this must be a comparison and a sort of this compiler, so the person must conclude that he or she doesn't have what he use an ideal standard for this comparison generate an anger to send an or frustration on. In other words, in in this case, deprivation feelings

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Miguel Lattz: It meets the fine relative generation as a process with 3 steps. First, an individual must make a comparison. There is no deprivation, if there is not a comparison. Second individual must perceive that he of care situation his group is at this certain touch from the comparison

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Miguel Lattz: there the individual must believe that this is such a situation is the out of an unfair process.

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Miguel Lattz: So, therefore, in order to develop the probation feelings, there must be some kind of notion of justice in the evaluation which directly connect the terrace of relative deprivation with the social justice stairs.

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Miguel Lattz: So the realization of the variable is the equation that you can see on the left side of the screen. and it seems to the same elements, and that I use as a reference from the just evolution function.

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Miguel Lattz: deprivation. Of course, when the person compared what he or she perceive in terms of F to know inequality in reality versus what of she that finds out tolerate as a fair level of economically only when, from this comparison, the person concludes that he or she perceived more of inequality in reality than he or she tolerates as a third level of cano inequality. The develop is is great in this feelings of deprivation.

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Miguel Lattz: The greater the number of the evaluation, and the greater the level of the probation of that person, or, in other words, it's the larger the the the gap between what they perceive and what they tolerate is larger. This

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Miguel Lattz: is is everything. Okay? I assume that everything is here. Okay.

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yes, everything's okay.

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Miguel Lattz: Sorry. 6. So

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Miguel Lattz: now, I moved to the research of this presentation.

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Miguel Lattz: Now, in terms of what we can see here in the graph that macroeconomically speaking, and Chilli have been very far I have very. For example, the country Gdp, as in Greece, still is in the nineties, with periods of high lower growth, but always growing. and this good results have been manifested mainly, and the sustain a significant decrease of poverty in the country, as we can see on the right,

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Miguel Lattz: rough on the screen.

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Miguel Lattz: But the good economic research has a small detail. But economic inequality, economic inequalities is still being really high. in in the table we see official data provided by T. Them. Government on inequality indicators. In 2,006 we see that inequality mainly focus on Ginny, coefficient as remind Kai in Los Angeles. She is one of the most inequal country in Latin America.

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You have 2 min left. Yeah.

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Miguel Lattz: Okay?

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Miguel Lattz: So

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Miguel Lattz: we still, seeing that the the the good resort macronomical, and they have a a small, and they tell

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Miguel Lattz: erez agmoni in terms of perception. Chileans perceive they would. Microsoft. Here's data from a uses 3 data. And basically, we can see that the income increase and the the the set placement and the position of a perception of that place will also increase. So 250,

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Miguel Lattz: basically, we can see that you just perceive the good microeconomical resource. But what's happening in terms of the perception of kind of inequality. Here is the data that has this variable about a general perception of a kind of inequality, and we can see they ask to what extent that you are real. This are we that incomes in chile are too large, and we can see that.

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Miguel Lattz: So in both cases 2,009 to 2,019. We we strongly agree with this statement, which is not something new, because basically, we know that you didn't perceive that you didn't really unequal country. But what is the pricing? If you go back to Southern 9 with 2,019, we see that genius in 2,009. We're more as we or agree, more sorry with this

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Miguel Lattz: with this and statement, basically saying that in some ways they perceive a greater economic inequality in 2,009 than 2,019. The the year of the stadium.

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Miguel Lattz: which is a supported by the data like rate from this variable perception, economy, inequality from the that of this occupation, zealous in 2,019, perceive lower lower economic inequality

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Miguel Lattz: done in 2,009

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Miguel Lattz: erez agmoni. If we compare by until in the distribution, it's also maintained Chilli in 2,019, perceive lower economic inequality than in 2,009. So now we have this scenario and a really interesting scenario 101.

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Miguel Lattz: This they use to sell. Of course, in a context where students were perceiving lower economic inequality, and they all of the macroeconomically elements saying that chile was better than the past. So basically, why the status of a, according to 2,019, and not before, and from where it came from, this massive and criticism of anybody.

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Miguel Lattz: So

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my understanding on my

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Miguel Lattz: my proposition here is the answer for that come from deprivation of physics

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Miguel Lattz: mit ctl. And so, as you say, the question come from the comparison between what you see, and what you tolerate, we see that the tolerance of the economic inequality decrease in 2,019, so basically 2,019 children were tolerated a lower tre of economic equality as just 150

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Miguel Lattz: on

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Miguel Lattz: between what they compare between the the gap between what they compare and in terms of economic inequality and what they tolerate as a lower level of inequality the the level of deprivation increase.

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Okay, we are running out of time. I don't know if you can make some final words for the completion, because

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Miguel Lattz: so what I'm trying to say here is

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Miguel Lattz: Chilli the studio. If we've got to understand this to yourself from the perception of a gonna inequality, it's not just the core picture. Basically, if we try to understand this, they use to help for a more for a greater awareness of economic inequality in the country. it's just part of the problem. Delta fire is the level of tolerance, of economic inequality. And when you mix both in the analysis, you can see that the level of deprivation increase because basically, Chilli's were more

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Miguel Lattz: the tolerate a lower treasure of a separation, and why they would tolerate the lower, the, and why they were more the private in terms of economy inequality, because

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Miguel Lattz: during the last 10 years we saw a process in Chile that the expectation increase generating this this idea, that everyone will receive the benefits from the development which wasn't the case at the end, and also because we we justified inequality from the meritocratic idea that everyone get what they deserve. But then, if you put

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Miguel Lattz: all with your talent on your phone in in, in achieve a better position, you realize that your expectation. Also, I'm not mess, because you are not getting that achievement that you are waiting for. So at the end, the gap between what you expect and what you see in reality also increase. So in in terms of understand this, that you also said

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Miguel Lattz: Mit Ctl, and the role of perception of inequality is is key is, it's really important, but not just the perception. It's also, when you relate perception with tolerance of kind of inequality and your greatest variable of deprivation. One.

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Miguel Lattz: you can find a possible answer. Why, that the Us. Is an according to 2,019, and not before, when all of the say it, or indicate that should have occurred before.

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Okay, thank you very much. Again. Now, we move on to our next yeah

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presentation. And

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can you stop sharing your screen, please. Yeah.  And our next presentation is by a patient

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supposed to be online. I think it's here.

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Let me check whether there are some connection problems.

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you know. I think he's not yet here, not if he or he's coming. So let's move out to the next presentation. Yeah.

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who originally was a disputed paper by Sir Jung Shui.

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Yes. this

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from size and an employer. Policy preference in South Korea to high-income high security workers in large companies dislike the expansion of unemployment benefits. Yeah.

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So now you are supposed to. let me see, your presentation was here.

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Yeah, this one, right?

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So I assume if you yeah. And then

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you have to share the screen with soon. Right? So in order to

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 yes should be working right? Yeah.

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this far.

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My.

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yes, I'm a Master Degree program student. My my title, my presenting is bombsize and unemployment to his preference in Korea with the

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the tighter. How this Korean.

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but for production a lot, and make insecure work less responsive to unemployment, to risk.

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Oh.

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so the

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the proposal of this studies to analyze whether the exposure to an employment to risk in South Korea increased preference for unemployment policy, and whether the extended

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to with the unemployment risk-influenced preference for unemployment policy differ according to fum site.

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so

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Previous study examining the relations between unemployment, risk and social policy preference in South Korea have focused on the the difference in welfare, attitude by employment, type, efficiency.

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difference exists. The study

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studies analyze whether non-legal or recorded on stabil

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employment support for the expansion more than legula record or vice versa. These, the 1,900 thirtys present a contrasting arguments on

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so just non-regular workers are more supportive, or we're bail expansion, while others credible, finding.

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So

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so the and identifying this phenomenon. And they study focus on understanding why the exposure to unemployment risk in Korea does not significantly reinforce the work, but preference. So, considering some sort of thing, a structure vector within Korean society.

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In other words, this study aim to demonstrate that seemingly illegal repertitude in Korea can be understood as the lesson of reference

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individual within the institutional context of Korea

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through this does today. So that's the possibility that characteristic of Korean labor market and on

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unemployment saves and attacks shape the Korean Rebe attitude in a different way from Western context.

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Oh.

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so oh!

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Theoretical argument is this studies that in career there may be Earth

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clear tendency for included preference for unemployment policy among employees of a large company when they are exposed to unemployment risk compared to employee of a small and medium-sized me enterprise.

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If this argument heard, it is important to note note that in order to understand in Korean, wherever attitude, attention should be, paying not only the letter of exposure to unemployment risk, but also to degree of responsiveness to unemployment, risk which may vary, depending on what's labor market status.

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So

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so the theoretic curve is argumented to. Firstly, considering the nature of the Korean labor market, it is possible that

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an employee and large company with a higher cost of unemployment compared to those in the

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medium-side. Come enterprise, light company employees tend to have higher ways level than their counterparts, and taking into account the substantial way to this project

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between large and small company, as well as the scarcity of a petition in light company, it is anticipated that employee in large company are more likely to struggle in transitioning to job that from a similar raise level as the previous

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employment, in

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the event of unemployment, consequently the and just-faced cost of unemployment or higher for this individual.

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Further furthermore,

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employ in the company generally, I didn't only have a longer job tenure, but it may indicate employment stability at the individual level, but

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it also employed higher labor, market liquidity and relatively limited job mobility.

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On the other hand,

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on the other hand, considering the Paris your to job tenure of employee, and a small and medium-sized enterprise, the labor might effort. This

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the company is characterized by great class of possibility. Under such a condition, employing small and medium-sized and applied

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experience, a voluntary and no involuntary job transition throughout their labor market participation.

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This varying degree of labor martialisticity can convert their contribution to the higher cost of unemployment for employee in Lizzy Company. Taking

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this factor in the account. This to the

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all sorts.

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suggest that employee uses company comparative in small and medium slides, and the price-based higher quality of unemployment leading to a strong public demand for a safeguard against unemployment risk.

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Secondly, in Korea there is a high

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for mobility.

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and

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that work. Their attitudes are formed based on insurance demand and employing large company may have a stronger insurance-based demand for protection against employmentalists compared to those in small and medium side enterprise. Korean.

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as a social insurance centers that are filed and the unemployment section that is primarily provided through

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employment insurance with no significant form of assistance. Considering that

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the rebel attitude of Korean Koreans may be found based on insurance delights rather than the distributive demand previous. Tell the

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indicate that we're per attitude based on insurance demands tend to

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increase along with income and the exporter to unemployment with cats are stronger, effective, and increasing.

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We're we attitude among highways to work. In conclusion.

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in concluding employing a large company at higher income level may have a strong insurance base. The demand for protection against unemployment risk leading to the more pronounced pronounced the intuition to the favourite unemployment policy in response to unemployment exporter.

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So

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to summarize in Korea we have a segmented the labor market divided by company sites and social, insurance-centered and unemployment safety net. As it's the theoretically plausible to expect that the effective unemployment, least converted reference will increase at the size of employing component.

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oh.

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so.

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before empirically conforming this argument, they study, conceptualize and correlation allies in unemployment, risk and formula. I deter the I to test the

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our previous study have primarily focused on unemployment risk as a vector that increased the possibility of John laws. However, they thought they pay attention to subjective level of employment, insecurity.

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and it's it.

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It's influence on the severity of unemployment taking into account a back to such a prospect for re-employment in a similar position.

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therefore, unemployment risk

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were a conceptualized 2 dimension. So

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the probability of Java and the severity of unemployment, considering their infection areas of the aspect

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this study aimed to operational-wide unemployment risk based on job characteristics.

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especially operation lighting, the probability of drum lost at automation and orchestrating possibility and the severity of unemployment at a scarcity and skillet.

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The tahifa's. This were from home light occur.

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Hmm.

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Oh! And or in analyze it.

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analyze the

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and supplemental survey on the perception from the fifth 11 to 14

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7,

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a radio of a Korean or a bail panel study was analyzed.

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the comprehensive analyze. oh, with the literature in

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indicated that when not considered a component side. The impact of unemployment, risk and preference for unemployment capacity was mostly not statistically insignificant. However, when considering the relationship between exposure to an employment list which can vary wide pumps.

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and in principle, reference on the employment to we see it was observed that as bombsight increased, unemployment risk significantly increase

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preference for unemployment policy

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of these really such a finding so just to that uncle, and and on consistently relation between

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or exposure to unemployment.

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This can preference on employment policy in Korea may be influenced by Wikileaks of labor market outsider to unemployment list.

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So

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what it?

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The further exam we examine the interaction effect between bom sites and unemployment risk. Let's develop into the marginal effect. So

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oh.

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the influence of automation list can individual have a preference for unemployment policy become more

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for one, for now the the size of of the

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 So

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oh. so.

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on the other hand, the effective of assuring this preference for unemployment. Police does not show a significant variation based on one side, and there are.

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for no conclusive analyst.

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Analyst is blizzard, or I will show the skies back.

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So so it.

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As for the effect of case backs, we can see, if it can, moral evidence that individual preference for unemployment, policy, or influence, as by Leverable's K-specity. Particularly when employed in a large company, just gives it a letter to the

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extends to which a certain skill required in specific occupation are transferred to other occupation. The higher the centuration of specialized in view occupation, the more talented

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it's become for individual to find new employment in case of which I was.

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and last to kill that bill.

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Similarly, the impacts collaborative preference for unemployment diplomacy also become more pronounced as of the employing company. Increase.

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Let's see.

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Yes.

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My, with the theoretical contribution of this study are the first it demonstrates that the influence of the labour marketeduled on the

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growing depending on

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 depending on institutional context, and may not necessarily to

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that's the lead to decrease in the work of equipment, secondly, as a labour market. You're in and comparing labor mackerelat and become relevant to it for understanding the difference in individual referral attitude within a country.

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So the way it shows that a universal risk is a design victim, aim to address universal risk may incorporate insiders exposed to unemployment risk as the supporters of a webinar. However.

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yes, however, when the listedly. Previous function is weak. There is a possibility that outsider

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and labor market may marginalize it in repair. Politics.

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Yes.

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So now I think our

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the resentment okay.

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I pay. Are you? Are you there? Yes, yes, I I'm not here

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Pei Zhong: so sorry. I I thought I should have begin in this meeting in at my club now I I will. Oh, yes, I'm just opening my slides here.

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So the presentation by pay is impacts of income, inequality, perception on inclinations to nationalism in China. Evidence from Cdss. 2,008. Yeah.

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please go ahead. You can share your screen now.

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Pei Zhong: Yes.

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and I think there is something wrong with your camera because we cannot see you.

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Pei Zhong: Okay, I'll get okay. Oh, I should stay open my camera right?

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Pei Zhong: Oh, yes.

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Can I be seen? Yes, now we can see. You know you can. Yeah.

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Pei Zhong: And with my power points.

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yes, now we we can see your representation here.

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Pei Zhong: Okay, let me just the

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Pei Zhong:  no, no. Good morning, guys. I'm page on from South China Normal University, and my presentation will be the impact of income in quality perception on the inclinations to nationalism in China, evidence from Cg as 2,008

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Pei Zhong:  I will begin my presentation here

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Pei Zhong: in the Chinese Internet there is a good continuing debate about whether the country should stay open to the other countries, or just focus on something like a Socialism with Chinese features, and that's refusing to contact with other countries. Some scholarships utilize this contact of nationalism. To explain this phenomenon, however, we need to be aware of the 2

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Pei Zhong: He

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Pei Zhong: heterogeneity within the concept of nationalism

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Pei Zhong: and scholars have already proposed a division between economic nationalism and cultural nationalism, and the analytical distinction between nationalism and patriotism.

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Pei Zhong: However, most studies set in the Chinese contest have focused on explaining the emergence of development of the phenomenon of nationalism in terms of demographic, of arrivals, of demographic arrivals or the ribos at the objective level.

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Pei Zhong: we need to, amid that demographic marbles or objective level of arrivals may have difficulty explaining national national

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Pei Zhong: an ideology, influenced by the subjective

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Pei Zhong: and 39.

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Pei Zhong: Here in this paper, bring this

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Pei Zhong: subjected work and utilize data from 2 from the China Journal Social Survey, 2,008 to explore the the impact of income inequality, perception on inclinations to nationalism in China

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Pei Zhong: I will briefly reveal some related literature, provide and provide my research hypotheses here.

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Pei Zhong: Scholars have long been aware of the ambiguity of the concept of nationalism. Some studies proposed that the concept of economic so nationalism

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Pei Zhong: and divide it as nationalist sentiments, perceptions, and behaviors expressed or embodied in economic and business practice, including tariffs and commodity.

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Pei Zhong: A boy calls

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Pei Zhong: which ultimately is to a high level of defense of one's national interest.

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Pei Zhong: It is not so much about the economy as it is about the nation.

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Pei Zhong: there is also interchangeable use between national economic nationalism and consumer nationalism

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Pei Zhong: which refers to a manifestation of economic nationalism in the individual level.

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Pei Zhong: As for the cultural nationalism undefined it as a defensive force or mechanism to reduce one sense of inferiority and maintain social stability.

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Pei Zhong: while others, divided as a manifestation of people's love for the culture and heritage of their nation as a formation of their share identity.

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Pei Zhong: and as I implement, and as an implicit fear of the encroachment from foreign culture. and as the establishment of a sense of superiority through the comparison between their culture and foreign culture.

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Pei Zhong: As I have mentioned before, some study curve into the factors influencing economic and cultural

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Pei Zhong: nationalism which include age, gender, education, and so forth.

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Pei Zhong: However, we face the difficulty to establish a strong cultural relationship between these arrivals and the problem of possible

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Pei Zhong: conflation

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Pei Zhong: of different concepts, like perceptions of inequality, income, occupation, status. Therefore I will turn to income inequality, to examine the possible relations. And what follows on my research hypotheses.

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Pei Zhong: Let's first take a quick look at those about the relation between it, not inequality, perception, and economic nationalism.

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Pei Zhong: according to the high process of diverting attention. Stronger perceptions of income inequality lead to stronger tendencies towards economic nationalism.

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Pei Zhong: in in that the political elite made the the flat a crisis in the face of growing contributions, and this priorities between the reach and the poor

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Pei Zhong:  or people with a strong possession of income inequality, may may just hate the reach.

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Pei Zhong: and that's been more a boy called some expensive foreign goods. Another is the its name.

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Pei Zhong: the hypotheses of Self-,

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Pei Zhong: which tells us the week of sessions of income in quality. This is stronger tendencies towards economic nationalism, in that people will be more as easy or satisfied with their current income and life in their situation.

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Pei Zhong: and thus resid the possible threat brought by the encroachment of foreign goods. So I proposed my 2 hypotheses about the relationship between economic nationalism and income inequality, perception

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Pei Zhong: which correspond with the 2 hypotheses mentioned before.

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Pei Zhong: Besides, I have a to another hypotheses for heterogeneity analysis

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Pei Zhong: the lower the income level. The greater the impact of income inequality, perception on the tendencies towards economic nationalism and the lower the subject to social stratification, identity.

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Pei Zhong: the greater the impact of income, inequality, possession on tendencies towards economic nationalism.

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Pei Zhong: Another quick look at is at at the rel the relationship between a cultural nationalism and income inequality. Perception.

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Pei Zhong: according to the hypotheses of cultural stratification.

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Pei Zhong: Stronger perceptions of income inequality, lead to stronger tendencies towards cultural nationalism.

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Pei Zhong:  in that to stay with me is all cultural or traditional values as a. To to mobilize or stabilize the society and emphasize the superiority of nation culture.

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Pei Zhong: or people who perceive a widening gap between the reach and pool may feel that the consumption

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Pei Zhong: a foreign culture goes is a kind of estimation and the refuse to the foreign culture.

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Pei Zhong: Another. It's called the hypotheses of wiping out the this distinction where we co possessions of income inequality, these are stronger tendencies to us cultural nationalism.

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Pei Zhong: because people will be more confident about their country in this, in that situation to you stand that we both people will be self, assume that their culture is better than others.

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Pei Zhong: again, I proposed my 2 hypotheses about the relationship between cultural nationalism and income inequality, perception which correspond with the 2 hypotheses mentioned before.

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Pei Zhong: Besides, I have another 2 hypotheses for heterogeneity analysis.

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Pei Zhong: The lower the income level, the greater the impact of income inequality, possession on tendencies towards cultural nationalism

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Pei Zhong: and the lower the the that is social stratification, identity, the greater the impact of income inequality, possession on tendencies towards cultural nationalism.

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Pei Zhong: then I will introduce my data and methods. I adopt the China's and neural social social stability in 2,008 as my data source.

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Pei Zhong: and finally, a total of 2,541 observations enter the analysis.

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Pei Zhong: I mainly utilize the order logistic now models to examine my hypotheses and Ls model to carry out robustness tests.

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Pei Zhong: I also carry out our sample regression for heterogeneity analysis.

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Pei Zhong: I use the following items

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Pei Zhong: to measure economic, national Melissa, cultural nationalism and income inequality, perceptions

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Pei Zhong: for cultural national. No reason. The item is, we would like to know whether you agree or disagree with the following problem about interest, interstate relations

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Pei Zhong: in order to protect our native economies, the import from foreign countries should be restricted

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Pei Zhong: for cultural international. No, listen. The either is, we would like to know whether you agree or disagree on the following problem about interstate relations.

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Pei Zhong: It is harmful for a culture if we continue having more contact with foreign movies, music, and books

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Pei Zhong: for income, inequality, perception. The item is to extend, we agree or disagree with the following payment, differences in income in China are too large.

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Pei Zhong: To begin with, I attend to my Oh, sorry.

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Pei Zhong: The discrete analysis of over variables actually in the table.

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Pei Zhong: To begin with, I attend to determine the impact of income in equality possessions on inclination to national economic nationalism. No, listen.

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Pei Zhong: The results here indicate that

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Pei Zhong: our income inequality, perception, will

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Pei Zhong: for me again.

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Pei Zhong: will positively influence the inclinations to economic nationalism. Specifically stronger possessions of income. Inequality

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Pei Zhong: lead to stronger tendencies towards cow economic, not nationalism.

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Pei Zhong: As for the impact, I mean kind of inequality, perceptions on inclinations to council, national no design. The table suggests that income inequality procession will negatively influence the inclinations to counter nationally, no reason

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Pei Zhong: specifically weaker sessions of income. Inequality lead to stronger tendencies towards

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Pei Zhong: cultural national. No reason.

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Pei Zhong: then I will dial up into the heterogeneity analysis based on income subgroups.

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Pei Zhong: as I show in the table, the lower the income level, the greater the impact of in kind of quality perceptions on tendencies to us, economic culturalism

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Pei Zhong: for such a result. That's not held when I replace the barato of the income of in economic nationalism with culture, of nationalism

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Pei Zhong: in the model.

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Pei Zhong: I also explode heterogeneity based on the that is social stratification, identity, identity subgroups.

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Pei Zhong: It reveals that the lower the subjective social stratification, identity, the greater the impact of income and equality, perception on tendencies to a culture of nationalism.

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Pei Zhong: Nevertheless, such a result that's not held when I substitute nationalism, economic nationalism for couch, and as on your no design in the table.

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Pei Zhong: Robustness has found that my above results still have

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Pei Zhong: 2 to

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Pei Zhong:  space constraints. I do not show the results of the robust as session.

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Pei Zhong: so you have any interest, please not, do not hesitate to mail me.

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Pei Zhong: Finally, I will briefly summarize my conclusion and discussion

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Pei Zhong: to paper, find that income, inequality, perception, will positively influence the inclinations to economic nationalism

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Pei Zhong: specifically stronger possessions of being kind inequality lead to stronger tendencies. To us economic nationalism. The lower the income level, the greater the impact in kind of inequality per session on tendencies towards economic

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Pei Zhong: nationalism

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Pei Zhong: and income inequality. Perception will negatively influence the inclinations to cultural nationalism.

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Pei Zhong: Specifically, we can. We compass sessions of income, inequality lead to stronger tendencies towards cultural nationalism

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Pei Zhong: and the lower the such that his social stratification, identity, the grades, or the impact in the quality possessions on tenancy towards cultural nationalism.

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Pei Zhong: my paper also contributes to research on economic and cultural nationalism.

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Pei Zhong: The differences between economy and cultural nationalism are so on the basis of the Chinese contest, which specifies the that

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Pei Zhong: the same fact so may bring about different impacts on the the different fossils of nationalism.

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Pei Zhong: This impasse can also be heterogeneous, depending on certain factors.

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Pei Zhong: It provides an empirical basis for refilling previous approaches. the conflicts

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Pei Zhong: economic and culturalism. Also it complements previous literature that explores a explanation for tendencies towards nationalism.

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Pei Zhong: The possible future research can move towards the following directions. First, they may utilize more data, especially up crazy data.

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Pei Zhong: Since the data in this paper is collected in 2,008.

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Pei Zhong: Second, they maintain use of some other methods, such as difference in difference.

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Pei Zhong: propensity, scoring, matching, regression, discontinuity, design, and so on.

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Pei Zhong: A third in this paper has only shed lie on the relations between these variables

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Pei Zhong: and computational social science and quality methods.

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Pei Zhong: Research can help us bring, gain greater insight into why and how his relations occur. relate to other growth, border social contests and social processes.

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Pei Zhong: Finally, the comparative studies enables us to tell whether the conclusions of this paper still held in the contest of other countries, and if not.

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Pei Zhong: how and why they haven't changed.

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Pei Zhong: Considering that the China is an authoritarian state, that over relies on nationalism to mobilize these people, and where information is heavily sensed such a study can. Comparing the findings in the contest

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Pei Zhong: of authoritarian and Democratic, read, regimes will be beneficial for both

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Pei Zhong: authoritarian and nationalist studies. I will finish my presentation here, and I will present my email again. So you have in any questions or interest.

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Pei Zhong: Please do not hesitate to mail me, and thanks for your listening, and get.

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Thank you very much for your presentation.

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So now the floor is so open for questions and discussion. I don't know whether we have a microphone here in the room, or it's supposed to be right. Yeah. But usually there is. Also one is late.

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You know how to.

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Seems to.

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Okay. So if there is any question here, please, Alison.

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my question is for Professor Choi. Thank you very much for your presentation.

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I just have some questions about your methods. you have waves of of your sample. But first of all is your are these samples a panel study? Or are they a trend study? And also did you pool them together? Is that how you did the analyses? because I'm interested in

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you have so many waves. It's pretty impressive, actually, what the variation might be across the years.

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Pei Zhong: can I? answer the question now?

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It was actually for another.

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Pei Zhong: Oh, sorry, sorry! Sorry.

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thank you.

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I I use. I'm not good at English. I I use random effect motors.

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I don't.

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 I don't consider ear-effect and fixed effect. So it stated food.

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Yeah.

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just it.

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So order

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any further questions.

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Yes, please.

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I have a cast into Mr. Joel. I pay. Yes, I thought it was really interesting that the

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independent variable that you use the the perceived social class

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had the kind of contradictory kind of conflicting it in like. If there is on the

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the subtype subtypes of independent variables like

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in an independent, variable, had the a conflicting influence on the 2 types of nationalisms. So I thought it was interesting. And I can I ask you for the further further explanation in the Chinese cultural context

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about that resort?

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sorry pun. Can you repeat your question again? Because I found it a little long for me to catch the information here? Yes, the independent, variable, the percept, the perception on the

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class economical class had a different influence on the

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2 types of nationalism. It was positive to the economic nationalism, but it was negative to the cultural

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nationalism. So I'm curious that why that kind of wizard happened. Can you add some culture explanation on Chinese context?

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Pei Zhong: Yeah, for this question. I can say that I I also find it very interesting. I mean to prob into this question further in my analysis, but I found that a to to some things. Lim lim lim limitation. I could not do so, but I can give my personal explanations. For why the variables of a you know, a social class

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Pei Zhong: have a heterogeneity and impact on economic and cultural nationalism. that is because that

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Pei Zhong: you know, the china is a country we should realize heavily on the sound propaganda to you know, brainwash is people So

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Pei Zhong: when they you know, they when they are actually at the bottom level of the social they may just receive some information about you know, how terrible the foreign country are all just how full of their lives are so so they they may just receive a little income in their daily life, but they are so

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Pei Zhong: the self can see the I may say that to the extent that they may just thought that.

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Pei Zhong: if the foreign countries or foreign goods enter the markets in the market, Chinese market. the the Chinese economy will be

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Pei Zhong: more terrible. So they so this might be the reason why the social class may have some relations to what you can only nationalism. But for as for the cultural nationally, then, you know, China is a country we should realize every that the on the information censorship

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Pei Zhong: no matter how you you are. there the the sensors and that mechanism

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01:00:35.060 --> 01:00:46.029
Pei Zhong: can function as an equalizer. That means. no matter. You are reach or cool. You just receive that kind of information

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Pei Zhong: information that senses of filter by the state media. so they just watch some domestic

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Pei Zhong: cultural commodity goods. And there and therefore there is no such thing as a, you know. A different team has a social class on a cultural nationalism. I think they all.

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Pei Zhong: they may have some negative, or but

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Pei Zhong: us all the

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Pei Zhong: you know the rich people. They may have some access to foreign countries information there, so they may just you know.

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Pei Zhong:  kind of like received information from

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Pei Zhong: foreign countries, and that's become

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Pei Zhong: more self-consid about the that's my answer here. And thanks for your questions.

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01:01:50.250 --> 01:01:55.309
Thanks. Bay, yeah. Allison, please. Yes. Yeah.

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01:01:58.620 --> 01:02:01.590
Hey, John, I I have a question for you. It's

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I realized that your analysis is kind of focusing on economic economic understandings. But I noticed in your models that age was significant when it came to cultural nationalism, and that the older you are, the less you are. kind of buying into cultural nationalism. Could you comment on that? I found that interesting

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Pei Zhong: us for the question of age.

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Pei Zhong: You mean that that you mean that

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Pei Zhong: the older the people they are, they will be less by into something like cultural national notice. And do I understand? Yes,

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01:02:52.340 --> 01:03:02.810
Pei Zhong: I think that's we should bring the Chinese contest into our consideration. you know.

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Pei Zhong: one after the

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Pei Zhong: We phone and opening up long before. And, you know, just fall into the so-called mouse era, or just cultural national re revolution in China

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Pei Zhong: in the, they will be just more less informed about something about foreign countries. So as for that group of people, they actually will be more by buying into the things like cultural nationalism.

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Pei Zhong: But as for people who, born just during the era of reform and opening up and

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Pei Zhong: through

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Pei Zhong: in full era actually, they will be more informed about information about foreign countries, and therefore they will be not buying into that things of cultural nationalism. But as I have to mention here, as for people who, born in the, you know, 20 sorry, 19 nineties and 2,000, and

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Pei Zhong: you know, for that kind of people. They receive much about their information during this period of this year, and

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Pei Zhong: a a terrible thing is that even in some even some pupil students or just some you undergraduate students. they may be

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Pei Zhong: much more self-conceiv about their own culture. And

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Pei Zhong: I'll be treat, I'll be sure to refuse or criticize some foreign cultures. So the table, the result on the table is one thing, but the actual situation. Maybe another thing. I think some other methods such as about you know.

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Pei Zhong: I I thought Pac or others

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Pei Zhong: should be utilized to analyze these questions, and I think it is, most also a possible future research that some other researchers or I, I I can prob into the the questions again, for some further clarifications. I I

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Pei Zhong: I I I heard some call Professor pay. Actually, I'm I'm in and undergraduate students. And and for your questions.

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01:05:37.740 --> 01:05:40.159
thanks. Bay again.

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any further questions. Yeah. Please go ahead.

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School together.

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01:05:49.400 --> 01:05:55.030
Thank you, Miguel. interesting. I see you used. I

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How many surveys samples did you use and use.

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We can maybe just tell us a bit more about that. And then, if I recall correctly the the referendum

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didn't pass, can you maybe tell us a bit more about that. And also

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afterwards, the you know what you think. The impact of Kovat 19 might have been on these these trains. You. You have looked at. Thank you.

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01:06:25.790 --> 01:06:50.640
Miguel Lattz: so thank you for the question. Yes. a Ccp data. I use 2 times period 2,009 and 2,019. this is across section and data. So it's I'm not using legitimate or some funnel data which I did. In that case, I use time as a dummy body. I want to compare results between the 2 time periods.

428
01:06:50.870 --> 01:07:02.050
Miguel Lattz: and basically, the plan was to to see if this perception of a minimum inequality change over a period of 10 years and assuming that 250

429
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Miguel Lattz: this, that you, of course explode because something happened during this 10 years before. basically, we can track this process in a way with with this just to the time periods.

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Miguel Lattz: and yeah, the referral, not at the end. was rejected. basically, we're still doing we're still ongoing in a process of create a new Constitution. now is a new assembly Constitution on somebody to graph a new version of the of the Constitution, with

431
01:07:37.560 --> 01:07:41.079
Miguel Lattz: now the health of a group of experts that they

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01:07:41.220 --> 01:08:04.519
Miguel Lattz: spread raft a version of it of the Constitution. And here for Cal probably can tell you more on that, because I'm I right now I'm in Australia and I was in Australia doing this to you, so I'm doing the consequence of it for us. So so what I know is more about it, more from friends, news and more than the experience to be in there.

433
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Miguel Lattz:  And from my analysis of my my approach to the studio socializing.

434
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Miguel Lattz: Basically the discussion about

435
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Miguel Lattz: what was about this? What about what? What's what's Lori? You know this, I just said, it's a really relevant, because in some ways, if you assume that's the use of it was a search for a more equal society where everyone gets the same or basically, we got the same rights of same standards like.

436
01:08:34.390 --> 01:08:50.770
Miguel Lattz: it's kind of the wrong approach for that, because at the end, I think everyone was looking for a more justice society which the quality of opportunity multi grass is, works at the end. So this difference of approach, I think, impact on the way that

437
01:08:50.830 --> 01:08:55.320
Miguel Lattz: the studio for shows the consequences afterwards.

438
01:08:55.730 --> 01:08:56.780
Miguel Lattz: so

439
01:08:57.040 --> 01:09:11.100
Miguel Lattz: I think that yeah, at the end, this is still in an on on going process to create a graph, a new constitution. and I I I think that the new version will be draft at the end of this year. So I don't know.

440
01:09:11.160 --> 01:09:13.159
Miguel Lattz: Let let's see what's happening.

441
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Yes.

442
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I have a follow up question also for you, Miguel.

443
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I actually have 2 questions. But oh, questions, comments. maybe also suggestions about the the research, the first one about how do you

444
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construct the research problem? Because I think that I mean one thing that you can do when you and you did is to compare this this 2 waves of ISP in Chile. By the way, we have a we have a third one, because we have also have measure for 99.

445
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so you can also incorporate that.

446
01:09:50.590 --> 01:10:12.870
this is one thing, and to tell us about how this perception of inequality has changed over time. It may be the productive derivation as well, but this this a connection that you did between inequality, let's say in general, subjective inequality in chile a contain perception and justification, and also relative deprivation.

447
01:10:13.220 --> 01:10:19.119
has kind of a console effect in this social outb. The is that you?

448
01:10:19.150 --> 01:10:42.030
Because I think that okay, that is one thing that maybe you can comment on at the end of the of the paper that's syndicated from the the conclusions you can say, Okay, maybe this might have something to do with, maybe in in that term. But to put, I mean to make the presentation started. There wasn't a social process in Chile, and this was caused it. I mean this, I think there is a strong cause of claim

449
01:10:42.030 --> 01:10:49.199
in the way you put it. Maybe you didn't mention the work. This is a cause, but I think it's quite problematic, because I think

450
01:10:49.330 --> 01:11:09.059
 what happened is, it's recent. It's still going on, either, I mean, as as any social event. There, there are multiple possible causes. And this you you can say, okay, this might be one, maybe. But we can actually, with the data, you cannot prove it. You cannot test this effect in an empirical term. So

451
01:11:09.200 --> 01:11:15.989
I think that that's that's at least problematic. And

452
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and also as this is still, this, this on a story that's still going on, you would say, Okay, people were deprived. That's why they went to the streets. Okay, so. And but the other thing is, Related to last question, okay? And so, and why they rejected the the new constitution with which was more progressive. Let's say that was the possible answer to that. But they they rejected.

453
01:11:39.180 --> 01:11:52.079
and then again and then they now, in this new assembly is terminated by the right. So the people who are supporting actually pinochet previous constitution. So I think it doesn't. Really, you know, it's it's really easy to

454
01:11:52.360 --> 01:12:15.320
to. I mean, I think it's it's a weak as a relationship. I completely agree with you actually. I'm not trying to explain the occurrence of the stadium from my approach. Actually, during the whole paper. And during my whole research, I'm trying to

455
01:12:15.330 --> 01:12:38.980
Miguel Lattz: pulling in a in conditions all of my assumptions. Basically, I I'm not trying to create this inference that the probation is the region of the I'm probably I didn't explain correctly at the end of the presentation during the conclusion. but yeah, I completely agree with you. I'm not trying to create this cultural inference on the council relationship between the provision of the

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01:12:39.430 --> 01:12:50.359
Miguel Lattz: first, because the studio is more more complex than just a variable about perception of the common inequality. It's more than that, actually, And secondly, I'm not creating I I'm not

457
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Miguel Lattz: trying to explain all of the touses behind this to yourself. So yeah, actually, the prioritization is quite limited in this way. And it's it's it's less.

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Miguel Lattz: I'm I'm not trying to do that big a statement actually, that the the from education is quite simple, actually simpler than that. It's it's just what was the role. If it's the role. If the perception comes from Rose on a process that

459
01:13:15.620 --> 01:13:29.440
Miguel Lattz: born. We're on a critics about the kind of inequality that is kind of the relationship that I've tried to to to test there. so yeah. But I completely agree on. And during the whole theses and the research, I'm trying to

460
01:13:29.480 --> 01:13:56.089
Miguel Lattz: load expectation about my arguments, you know, that is is is a computer with you. It's not a cultural influence. I'm and it's still actually still ongoing process. and in some ways I include at the end some I didn't include here for time reasons, but at the end I tried to analyze what? Why the genius project, the first graph of the Constitution from the analysis of my deprivation.

461
01:13:56.360 --> 01:14:05.040
Miguel Lattz:  But yeah. And again, I'm I'm I'm I'm not trying to create this in direct relationship with with the product.

462
01:14:05.770 --> 01:14:14.420
Yeah. And the second thing was just, I mean, we're also with the team. We have done. Some analysis of the same is, you know, get these gaps?

463
01:14:14.660 --> 01:14:17.540
I think the maybe the most

464
01:14:18.080 --> 01:14:22.319
A normal contribution would be this relative deprivation

465
01:14:23.250 --> 01:14:44.010
operationalization that you did. we we did something also relate, Similar to that in one paper in such as I call you, quarterly with, you want to sneider. I don't know if you was for Germany. So maybe you can, you can check on that. yeah. And I'm actually, I'm not. And also a bit skeptical about that. I think there is some. I mean, you have to.

466
01:14:44.330 --> 01:15:08.069
I think. Also be really careful because you are. You have 2 lower items, and then you are dividing. Divide in that. So I think at the end, it's really difficult to really know what's going on in there when in the results of this variable, or should also because there are some mathematical issues, Because of, you know, subtract you. Could you could also subtract the logarithms, and that I think, to to make the division

467
01:15:08.100 --> 01:15:17.659
this is something else. So I think you should be also careful with with this whole formula, because at the end you you don't really know what's going on in there mathematically. Yeah.

468
01:15:17.700 --> 01:15:29.820
Miguel Lattz: it's yeah. I I checked with doing the process operation. I'll try to subtract the and try to eliminate this, the the the at the beginning, and just create the body of from the radius.

469
01:15:29.840 --> 01:15:54.479
Miguel Lattz: Again, I, for example, I I found that the best way to control the variable, and to know what is happening there is to use delivering a decoration of perception on the third level of the kind of inequality. But then, for the deprivation, but it will you take off the the logarithm and just just create a right to you from there with that is kind of a simple way to approach the value. But I'm actually I'm still.

470
01:15:54.700 --> 01:15:59.159
Miguel Lattz: I acknowledged that there is some problems or some

471
01:15:59.460 --> 01:16:04.989
Miguel Lattz: conservation that you have to be careful with that at the end of the analysis. but

472
01:16:05.340 --> 01:16:15.049
Miguel Lattz: yeah, I I I I am very aware of. you work because I and you said constantly, I my own growth. So thanks for that to

473
01:16:15.090 --> 01:16:19.559
Miguel Lattz: And yeah. So at the end, I think the this

474
01:16:19.760 --> 01:16:26.879
Miguel Lattz: way to understand the operation is probably something that I want to continue working like, I see something, something that

475
01:16:27.490 --> 01:16:33.829
okay, thank you. And what I I have one just last question for for pay.

476
01:16:34.200 --> 01:16:47.509
because I some more. I mean most of your hypotheses actually include or implies something like a moderation effect, because there was a third variable. Let's say, perception of inequality and

477
01:16:47.770 --> 01:16:54.650
 This economic nationalism was affected by income, by personal income, right?

478
01:16:54.860 --> 01:17:06.739
And at the end, what you I mean. Your your methodological approach was to divide. I mean, make one different regulations for different groups, like right like for lower middle class and high income class.

479
01:17:06.870 --> 01:17:08.980
And I think that is, I mean.

480
01:17:09.520 --> 01:17:38.549
could be more a fish. I mean, there is this. There are some problems, because in one of the most I think you had like 60 cases. So I think that's the the. The groups were not equivalent, because you know, the upper right group probably is otherwise. It's too small. And I think that could be implemented better with that interaction term. I mean just to multiply income by perception of inequality, and then you can make the, you know, analyze this, this, this the interaction term, to to make the contrast of the moderation hypothesis.

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01:17:38.980 --> 01:18:04.179
Pei Zhong: Yes, then, for your suggestion. As for the you know scale, of course. it is a pity that only Cgs, as a 2,008, according to my knowledge, probing to some items about nationalism. So when I try to, you know, test some moderating, in fact, you you I

482
01:18:04.180 --> 01:18:16.130
Pei Zhong: will inevitably encounter this. The the situation like this, you because Cgs, as 2,008 is divided into a

483
01:18:16.130 --> 01:18:32.760
Pei Zhong: a volume, and the volume P. Volume includes 3,000 observations, and after some federation I only got 2,000 and more. yes, it is a quiz suggest about, you know the the group the the sub group

484
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Pei Zhong: scales. I think I will prove. Improve this in my future, you know, supply verification and some modifications. as far as you know, the integration items. And yes, it is a good suggestion. I

485
01:18:49.310 --> 01:18:51.179
Pei Zhong: then I will

486
01:18:51.310 --> 01:19:01.529
Pei Zhong: adopt this in my future analysis. Actually, I also thought that I should be, you know, into some interesting

487
01:19:02.350 --> 01:19:09.650
Pei Zhong: analysis, but not, you know, divided into the some factors. Yeah, thanks for your suggestions.

488
01:19:09.770 --> 01:19:19.099
Okay? And I'll just as curiosity question. This is a panel survey. So you have more waves with the same items apart from 2,008, I mean.

489
01:19:19.230 --> 01:19:23.470
there are more information in different waves of the survey.

490
01:19:24.020 --> 01:19:32.060
or or or maybe misunderstood it, and it wasn't a panel survey, is it? Is it a panel survey? I mean, this is the longitudinal repeated or

491
01:19:33.030 --> 01:19:49.180
Pei Zhong: no, it it just survey at one time. So it is just as such a could be that China didn't do so. But you know, in China there is another survey. Name the C. Aps Chinese family panelists.

492
01:19:49.410 --> 01:20:00.199
Pei Zhong: I think in the future I can also utilize the data and 2 different pool samples from different periods together to carry out my research. And hopefully I can

493
01:20:00.270 --> 01:20:09.049
Pei Zhong: presented in another, you know, in in in other occasions or just published in some journals

494
01:20:09.600 --> 01:20:17.950
so great. So we're looking forward to to that. Thank you very much. It's there any. Okay? Please go ahead. We have time for one last question.

495
01:20:21.150 --> 01:20:25.670
Hi, my question is for Mr. Paige on

496
01:20:27.710 --> 01:20:41.219
I'm from South Korea, and I would like to. I it was very interesting to hear about economic nationalism and also cultural nationalism. Mr. Pejon, are you listening?

497
01:20:42.080 --> 01:20:44.160
Pei Zhong: Yes, yes.

498
01:20:44.270 --> 01:21:06.000
okay. I was. I am really interested in some kind of perception or consciousness studies. And also I study kind of bad things, but I always wonder what comes for us like chicken or act question like perceptions. Influence on other perception.

499
01:21:06.210 --> 01:21:07.890
Problem like

500
01:21:07.910 --> 01:21:31.920
for me is, I'm Korea. For me. There is a sign of China, China, China, Centralism, you know that. So it is. Yes, I I know that the Chinese Chinese nationalism is very high because of the size or the history of or population of your country. So maybe I think naturally, it's in. Come first.

501
01:21:32.090 --> 01:21:42.699
and then it can affect to precession of inequality. So how do you think about this kind of reverse?

502
01:21:42.720 --> 01:21:46.560
A possibility of reverse? causality!

503
01:21:46.720 --> 01:22:01.439
Pei Zhong: Yes, the possibility of reversion again, you know. Actually, it can occur in many competitive parties. And I also thought about actually, at this time

504
01:22:01.850 --> 01:22:11.470
Pei Zhong: research, you know, some interviews or just ethnography, but I didn't present it in this paper. as you have mentioned.

505
01:22:11.680 --> 01:22:13.549
Pei Zhong: In my opinion.

506
01:22:13.960 --> 01:22:16.379
Pei Zhong: my ideology, you know.

507
01:22:16.530 --> 01:22:20.040
Pei Zhong: to to a specific perceptions.

508
01:22:20.190 --> 01:22:22.610
Pei Zhong: is always a very weak

509
01:22:22.790 --> 01:22:32.559
Pei Zhong:  nationalism, you know, utilize one possession to explain another

510
01:22:32.640 --> 01:22:33.730
Pei Zhong: ideology.

511
01:22:33.960 --> 01:22:38.260
Pei Zhong: the but still consider the results of

512
01:22:38.520 --> 01:22:42.719
Pei Zhong: can be significant. But I think that

513
01:22:42.990 --> 01:22:55.759
Pei Zhong: in my favor. Actually, I I I am doing my ethnography about this topic. If I want to get a more comprehensive results.

514
01:22:55.850 --> 01:23:00.569
Pei Zhong: I need to include or mainly focus on my

515
01:23:00.640 --> 01:23:02.580
Pei Zhong: community research.

516
01:23:02.720 --> 01:23:07.009
Pei Zhong: And you know in the interview all just

517
01:23:08.340 --> 01:23:10.970
Pei Zhong: ethnography people will

518
01:23:12.210 --> 01:23:19.260
Pei Zhong: probably, you know, just probably reveal more information to you. You know it is a

519
01:23:19.790 --> 01:23:21.360
Pei Zhong: questionnaire survey.

520
01:23:21.710 --> 01:23:25.440
Pei Zhong: Imagine that in an authoritarian country

521
01:23:25.580 --> 01:23:30.940
Pei Zhong: some people from an official institution holding and

522
01:23:31.130 --> 01:23:42.010
Pei Zhong: a questionnaire ask you questions like. whether it's China, is it there, or whether it's China is, you know, income in difference is too large or too small.

523
01:23:42.800 --> 01:23:50.000
Pei Zhong: so prop pro. Probably possibilities are that people will not tell their

524
01:23:50.090 --> 01:23:54.150
Pei Zhong: really intensive. you know, as you, you can

525
01:23:55.100 --> 01:24:04.199
Pei Zhong: not just you can. some future research. Future researchers can also probe into something like self-censorship.

526
01:24:04.800 --> 01:24:19.020
Pei Zhong: which means that people will not sell their information, or just rather to lie to some others about. You know some political islands  As for this, I can.

527
01:24:19.040 --> 01:24:20.650
Pei Zhong: So you some

528
01:24:21.530 --> 01:24:24.660
Pei Zhong:  data source in

529
01:24:24.950 --> 01:24:30.930
Pei Zhong: in Chinese, you know, in Chinese, the I think there is no English translation products.

530
01:24:31.040 --> 01:24:39.150
Pei Zhong: or some 3 to accounts. propose some contents in China, or just some

531
01:24:39.690 --> 01:24:43.749
Pei Zhong:  websites like Chinese digital times.

532
01:24:43.860 --> 01:24:54.449
Pei Zhong: Where, there will be some, you know. deleted or censored information about Chinese citizens, but

533
01:24:54.470 --> 01:24:59.480
Pei Zhong: they are deleting or just censored by the Chinese officials.

534
01:25:00.040 --> 01:25:01.679
Pei Zhong: I think they will.

535
01:25:01.780 --> 01:25:06.460
Pei Zhong: I reveal some real intentions about Chinese citizens. But

536
01:25:06.820 --> 01:25:10.460
Pei Zhong: you have. We have to admit that

537
01:25:10.750 --> 01:25:17.360
Pei Zhong: you know, heterogeneity in size in this a in this population scale.

538
01:25:17.420 --> 01:25:18.640
Pei Zhong: So.

539
01:25:19.050 --> 01:25:24.119
Pei Zhong: as I have mentioned in my presentation here, if I want to.

540
01:25:24.180 --> 01:25:25.520
Pei Zhong: A police.

541
01:25:25.640 --> 01:25:33.190
Pei Zhong: my, you know this paper to the that that the article can be published in some journals.

542
01:25:33.300 --> 01:25:36.540
Pei Zhong: I must have corporate some.

543
01:25:37.280 --> 01:25:46.900
Pei Zhong: you know, more data from ball and variable sources like computational social science. I can collect some test from.

544
01:25:47.020 --> 01:25:52.450
Pei Zhong: So mess take and websites censored by Chinese.

545
01:25:52.510 --> 01:25:54.350
Pei Zhong: VPN,

546
01:25:54.520 --> 01:25:55.610
Pei Zhong: yes. VPN,

547
01:25:55.680 --> 01:26:01.160
Pei Zhong: or collective research, which in sales

548
01:26:01.290 --> 01:26:15.179
Pei Zhong: interviews all ethnography. My observations. Yes, sense for your questions. actually, it is a very good system for my improvement. And that's all your questions. All your questions again.

549
01:26:16.210 --> 01:26:27.730
yeah, just a little comment about this last question, which is really interesting. There is this paper from Chris Stella Trump, where he actually doing server research there some experiments where you I mean, because 1 1

550
01:26:27.780 --> 01:26:46.219
interesting thing about the perception of economic inequality, what equality is that you can manipulate that with some I mean what she does actually to to show some, some text, to to reveal some situation of inequality, and then to test whether the perception of inequality increases or not due to new information, and I think that you you can do that. So you can. You could

551
01:26:46.320 --> 01:26:51.399
kind of do a manipulating kind of experiment to

552
01:26:51.610 --> 01:27:02.219
to deal with this causal. problem in a survey. I mean, if you sometimes have the possibility to to, to, to do it in a new new

553
01:27:02.550 --> 01:27:14.090
in a new survey. And also if you, if there are some political issues that could be affecting the response of a perception of economic economic inequality, when you, when you ask for it directly. Yeah.

554
01:27:14.280 --> 01:27:25.039
what you also could do is to ask for it in an undirect way, in the in the paper of meal that you can ask for

555
01:27:25.190 --> 01:27:36.630
salaries, for high-stat, of sacrifices and low-style circulation. This is an indirect way to measure the perception of inequality. Maybe it's also a different possibility. So.

556
01:27:37.030 --> 01:27:46.739
 so I think we're now finishing the session. Thank you very much for the presentation. So for the discussion.

557
01:27:48.800 --> 01:27:49.460
So

558
01:27:49.610 --> 01:27:52.000
see you next time, I hope