WEBVTT

1
00:00:00.001 --> 00:00:12.480
 I would like to welcome you, all of you! In this session called biographical perspectives in the research field of political participation.

2
00:00:12.790 --> 00:00:23.170
The session is organized by Irene Suty from the Institute for Social Research at Goethe, University, at Frankfurt and me.

3
00:00:23.200 --> 00:00:34.450
We have 3 presentations today. So that means we have plenty of time. So. I suggest to make so every speaker has

4
00:00:34.730 --> 00:00:54.849
at least 20 min for the presentation. After that we can have 10 min per. It's a presentation for discussion, and at the end we can have a around the last round from for discussion questions or remarks and things like that. So

5
00:00:55.370 --> 00:01:15.620
We can start then. I will give the floor to Irene Shutti. She will present a paper called, and Political Participation Processes among the Young Generation in families of labor migrants in Germany.

6
00:01:17.310 --> 00:01:28.039
Irini Siouti: Yeah, thank you. Your role. I would also like to welcome you. And I try to share on my screening now and hope it's working. yeah, I think it's working

7
00:01:29.000 --> 00:01:39.909
Irini Siouti: ere

8
00:01:40.020 --> 00:01:50.680
Irini Siouti: the political participation of the younger generation of the Labour migrants in Germany is still an unexplored research field.

9
00:01:51.220 --> 00:01:53.590
Irini Siouti: But just a moment. Oh.

10
00:01:59.470 --> 00:02:27.839
Irini Siouti: okay, some studies in migration research have addressed on the question of political participation among the first generation. the so-called Gasta bitter generation, especially studies in the nineties and eighties. However, there exists no qualitative study about how the younger generation participated in politics traditionally deemed the epistemic and methodological framing of political participation as dominated one

11
00:02:27.840 --> 00:02:43.369
Irini Siouti: and by quantitative research perspectives and the theoretical perspectives of integration in Germany it took place in the context of the nation state, and is being challenged by the critic of methodological nationwide.

12
00:02:43.900 --> 00:02:57.519
Irini Siouti: The main challenge is to construct an adequate methodology, to investigate processes of political participation and their transnational dimension in migration societies 150

13
00:02:57.830 --> 00:03:06.340
Irini Siouti: to overcome the shortcomings of Methodological nationalism in investigating political participation processes in the Migration society.

14
00:03:06.390 --> 00:03:19.550
Irini Siouti: I suggest using the concept of biography as a key theoretical and methodological concept for the investigation of political participation processes among the younger generation.

15
00:03:23.500 --> 00:03:50.450
Irini Siouti: In the following presentation, I will present a case. From an ongoing research project. The qualitative Reconstructive Research project aims at investigating political participation processes among the younger generation and families of labour migrants from Turkey, Spain, and Greece. I'm especially interested in this migration context because the labour migration from these countries is characterized by a high degree of politician.

16
00:03:50.590 --> 00:04:11.129
Irini Siouti: A significant number of the immigrants and the first generation had been for us to leave their countries of religion, not only for economic but also for political reasons. However, there has been no investigation of the effects of their parents, political activity on the younger generation, or of how that generation participated in politics.

17
00:04:11.410 --> 00:04:17.220
Irini Siouti: my research. I use a broad definition of political participation. According to Caza

18
00:04:17.340 --> 00:04:34.300
Irini Siouti: and I investigate classical forms of political participation and political parties and trade students. and I also include new forms of participation in civil society. In the context of voluntary work.

19
00:04:38.510 --> 00:04:51.480
Irini Siouti:  I will present you now the case of Dennis. i interviewed. Dennis. Twice. The first interview was in the context of a European project.

20
00:04:51.540 --> 00:05:01.380
Irini Siouti: about political participation. on so called from so-called third countries

21
00:05:01.390 --> 00:05:18.449
Irini Siouti: and I did also an interview for the next project with them. Dennis was born in a village in a highly politicized area in East Turkey. His family belongs to a religious and ethnic minority in their home country.

22
00:05:18.800 --> 00:05:25.960
Irini Siouti: After an internal migration of his family to Istanbul. Dennis's parents migrated as gas workers. To Germany.

23
00:05:26.120 --> 00:05:37.469
Irini Siouti: however, the migration was not only economic but also politically motivated, sparked by the tendency toowered violent political polarization between extreme left and right wings. In Turkey.

24
00:05:37.910 --> 00:05:51.610
Irini Siouti: Dennis is the youngest child of his family, and stayed with his grandparents and Turkey. Throughout his childhood and youth. Dennis experienced his parents migration project passively as a process structure over which he had no control.

25
00:05:51.750 --> 00:06:10.170
Irini Siouti: He left separated from his parents. In his main narration. Dennis refused to speak in detail about his family history, his 5 and children. He talked very clear, and he was very concentrated in a rated his life history in the context of his political activities and his occupation in Korea.

26
00:06:10.210 --> 00:06:21.759
Irini Siouti: however, in the second part of the interview he mentioned his family, his father and grandfather a significant others in the context of this political engagement and activism.

27
00:06:21.830 --> 00:06:37.660
Irini Siouti: Interestingly, he kept on his Kurdish, a lady background in the interview, and the first and also in the second interview.  biographically embedded motivation for political participation in the case of Dennis

28
00:06:37.860 --> 00:06:43.180
Irini Siouti: Dennis, political activism started in his family environment in the country of origin.

29
00:06:43.270 --> 00:06:59.070
Irini Siouti: He was inspired for political arguments by his father and current father, who were, according to him, Social Democrats. Dennis started on his biographical narration with a remark about his motivation for political activism and participation with the words

30
00:06:59.250 --> 00:07:03.889
Irini Siouti: a quote. I did not go to politics to become somebody, but to change the world.

31
00:07:04.320 --> 00:07:14.630
Irini Siouti: Biographical experiences of inequality and discrimination in his childhood and youth sensitized him to political questions and the rights of minorities.

32
00:07:14.810 --> 00:07:25.200
Irini Siouti: Besides his political socialization in a family of Social Democrats. The experience of belonging to an ethnic and religious minority were crucial for his interest in politics.

33
00:07:25.570 --> 00:07:44.509
Irini Siouti: In his generation he was not able to speak about this experience in his family history explicitly, but he used in the interview at the beginning of the story. Once he wants to explain his biographical motivation for political participation, and he refers to this experience. Many times during the interview.

34
00:07:45.000 --> 00:07:46.090
Irini Siouti: at 4

35
00:07:47.090 --> 00:08:09.480
Irini Siouti: I was in the first or second class, and something happened. The teacher called me To the blackboard and said, You are a dirty Kurdish boy, and she hit me with a stick that is now a long time ago, but that influenced me, due to our religious beliefs. We have noticed as little children that we are different. They always remind that us that we are a minority. And this experienced influence.

36
00:08:10.030 --> 00:08:23.619
Irini Siouti: mit Ctl. And Dennis was already political, active in his home county before he migrated to Germany he had been political, active in his school years and left wing groups, a youth movement, organization and his environment was higher politicized one

37
00:08:23.720 --> 00:08:32.840
Irini Siouti: because of his. But political activism in an oppositional group against a military regime. Dennis had to leave Turkey at the end of the 70 s.

38
00:08:32.860 --> 00:08:43.300
Irini Siouti: His life was in danger. The political and violent conflicts that caused the life of many political, active friends and family members, by the reason that he had to leave his home country. One.

39
00:08:43.350 --> 00:08:56.329
Irini Siouti: He come to Germany as a student, and experienced his migration to Germany as directed by others. I quote. I was politically active, and thus it was all dangerous. My my family said he must leave.

40
00:08:57.350 --> 00:09:26.939
Irini Siouti: The last big thing was that I was heard at the last May demonstration, and there I saw that about 20 people died next to me. I saw how it happened at the place where I was heard, and my father wrote me a letter, and he told me that I have to, but I have to leave from my radical andnesses visions. He was a fret, and he wrote me that I have to come to Germany or otherwise he will break up contact with me and never write to me again. After that I showed the letter to my comrades. They fought highly of me, and they said to it, 150,

41
00:09:26.940 --> 00:09:38.170
Irini Siouti: if they had said to me, Do not leave, we need to. Here you are important. I was 22 I would have said there, and if I had stayed there I I might not be alive anymore.

42
00:09:38.650 --> 00:09:45.140
Irini Siouti: After the migration to Germany. Dennis continued to be political, active, and diverse fields.

43
00:09:45.470 --> 00:09:59.139
Irini Siouti: At the beginning of this migration process he was active in migrant self-organizations as well as in transnational organizations. Event on a hunger strike to draw attention in Germany to the political situation. In 2 of you

44
00:09:59.170 --> 00:10:09.700
Irini Siouti: he describes himself as well as the other first and second generation working migrants in the 80 s. As home oriented, and presents himself as part of the collective

45
00:10:09.930 --> 00:10:23.830
Irini Siouti: of political, active, working migrants of diverse ethnic backgrounds. even though his biographical plan was oriented towards a return to Turkey. He did not return. He stayed in Germany, learnt John, and studied at the University

46
00:10:26.900 --> 00:10:34.320
Irini Siouti: the decision to participate. During a student time he decided to become an active member in the Social Democratic party.

47
00:10:34.610 --> 00:10:40.160
Irini Siouti: He describes his decision as a transnational continuity. He was politically active

48
00:10:40.220 --> 00:10:54.089
Irini Siouti: in many contexts. During sabotage. After his migration to Germany, he decided to support the left-ing-oriented organization in his home country against the military regime, and thus to support the democratization process. Internally.

49
00:10:54.100 --> 00:11:01.810
Irini Siouti: however, he realized that he needed political power in the whose country to change the political situation in his home country.

50
00:11:02.140 --> 00:11:15.730
Irini Siouti: Dennis describes this experience with the following, Mataffa and his narration, and I thought, where our feet are, should also be our heads with our feet. We were there here, but with our minds we were in our home countries.

51
00:11:15.740 --> 00:11:35.720
Irini Siouti: Hence he became a member in the Social Democratic party, and at the same time he was also active in the Foreigners Advisory Council. He presents a decision to participate as an active member in the party, as the conscious decision because of his Social Democratic roots in his family and the Family migration history.

52
00:11:36.850 --> 00:11:52.699
Irini Siouti: For many years Dennis was political, active as volunteer, and the political party, before he started a political career as a full-time job. At the beginning he was not able to vote and be nominated as candidate and the elections because he did not have German citizenship.

53
00:11:53.100 --> 00:12:00.120
Irini Siouti: He experienced this as a formal barrier. It did not hinder him to participate actively. For about 15 years he.

54
00:12:00.150 --> 00:12:10.560
Irini Siouti: at the age of 39 he decided to apply for German citizenship, so that he has equal rights, and his political party as his drum as well as nature. Life's career.

55
00:12:11.020 --> 00:12:17.860
Irini Siouti: In his narration Dennis refers to organizational and structural barriers that he was confronted with

56
00:12:17.900 --> 00:12:21.799
Irini Siouti: in his way to afford mobility within his political party.

57
00:12:21.890 --> 00:12:34.549
Irini Siouti: He demonstrates and refers to successful struggles during his live course, to overcome the power gap and barriers and the political parties, and to deep productively the internal competitions and hierarchies in his party.

58
00:12:35.880 --> 00:12:49.309
Irini Siouti: Now I come to his experiences of discrimination. Dennis experienced discrimination in Turkey because of his Turkish, of his Kurdish background, and in respect to his Turkish migration background. In Germany

59
00:12:49.320 --> 00:13:00.609
Irini Siouti: he experienced strategies of colleagues to keep him out from the electoral candidates list even by talking to him and advising him not to be a candidate as a migration expert for the party.

60
00:13:00.940 --> 00:13:09.609
Irini Siouti: Dennis learned in the course of time to be very energetic and self-confident in order to be accepted and elected for higher positions.

61
00:13:09.620 --> 00:13:11.989
Irini Siouti: Within the political party.

62
00:13:12.070 --> 00:13:23.199
Irini Siouti: However, he describes this this as a permanent struggle that is coupled with discrimination and racism, experiences excessive work and permanent networking.

63
00:13:23.470 --> 00:13:40.699
Irini Siouti: After many efforts, and through the mediation and support of an old, a drama colleague of the party, you finally got the chance to climb up the organization here she, and to reach a high position in his party, he experiences colleague as a helpful mentor for his political career.

64
00:13:41.590 --> 00:14:02.769
Irini Siouti: Dennis points out that he did not become a member in the Social Democratic party to be a representative of the migrant and the Turkish migrant group. However, he experienced processes of othering by colleagues and the construction of he and migrant with the Turkish migration background as a challenge he had to deal with politically and socially.

65
00:14:02.820 --> 00:14:16.290
Irini Siouti: He summarized his a diverse experiences with the following comment. I was for many people an exotic person. For several people. I was justification for the good political practice and for others. I wasn't alive

66
00:14:16.620 --> 00:14:30.389
Irini Siouti: in the political context. He felt that he was the man demeaned and primarily defined as a Turkish migrant and migration expert. Instead of being recognized for his achievements and competences and diverse fields of political work.

67
00:14:30.390 --> 00:14:48.330
Irini Siouti: For example, education and youth issues. He pinpoints in this narration. They saw me as a migrant, and I put on the shirt I had to put on the shirt when you put on the shirt it's difficult to take it off. I have it on my body, even though I take it off, it's embodied and still

68
00:14:48.340 --> 00:14:49.200
Irini Siouti: there.

69
00:14:51.330 --> 00:15:07.240
Irini Siouti:  Our central result of the case study of Dennis is that political engagement already emerged in the context of of origin, of the country of origin and awards continued to continue translationally in the course of migration. One.

70
00:15:08.650 --> 00:15:21.980
Irini Siouti: The experiences of discrimination were identified as a constitute a constitutive moment for the development of political engagement which leads to political participation in the course of the life. History.

71
00:15:22.460 --> 00:15:32.769
Irini Siouti: Further need of a research is needed to determine whether this findings can also be applied to the descendants of legal migrants from other countries, for example from Greece or Spain.

72
00:15:33.290 --> 00:15:34.510
Irini Siouti: however.

73
00:15:35.550 --> 00:15:48.060
Irini Siouti: oops sorry, it becomes obviously in this case that Action Tower's participation, so-called participants in handling is always biographically motivated and constituted.

74
00:15:48.230 --> 00:16:04.000
Irini Siouti: using the concept of biography as key concept for the investigation of political participation processes makes it possible to empirically reconstruct the processuality and complexity of political participation paths.

75
00:16:04.120 --> 00:16:14.479
Irini Siouti: The biography, analytical perspective enables an intersectional investigation of the significance of the migration and discrimination experience for political

76
00:16:14.600 --> 00:16:18.549
Irini Siouti: a participation as well as for the total live contents.

77
00:16:18.670 --> 00:16:31.480
Irini Siouti: In this way we can investigate the emergence and course of political participation path in its interplay between individual and societal conditions. Thank you for your attention.

78
00:16:40.070 --> 00:16:53.259
Well, thank you very much, Sirini, for your very interesting representation that highlights the issue of political participation of micro of immigrants in a post-migration societies.

79
00:16:53.260 --> 00:17:15.999
a key issues that you really raised is the The need to overcome a methodological nationalism. And whether using biography as a basic theoretical, methodological concept could contribute to this. This can happen as she argued. The biography, analytical perspective allows

80
00:17:16.000 --> 00:17:34.049
for a intersectional investigation of the significance of the migrant experience of political participation as well as the total live. context. So we have 10 min for for a first round of questions and discussion.

81
00:17:34.090 --> 00:17:57.850
 Is there a question in the room, or maybe a Alexandra. Yes, Alexandra Saboo. Thank you, Edinie. Thank you very much. This was extremely interesting. Also because I have done some migration research myself. But here in Greece and

82
00:17:58.470 --> 00:18:05.650
Alexandra Zavvou: I I now you've given me also a very, a new topic to to think about.

83
00:18:05.680 --> 00:18:10.850
Alexandra Zavvou: because I also, I think that also in Greece the issue of

84
00:18:10.960 --> 00:18:15.640
Alexandra Zavvou: political participation of second-generation migrants

85
00:18:15.750 --> 00:18:22.620
Alexandra Zavvou: or younger migrants has not been investigated. So

86
00:18:22.930 --> 00:18:31.890
Alexandra Zavvou:  My first question is, how you located the knees and

87
00:18:31.910 --> 00:18:43.429
Alexandra Zavvou: what do you think? His his let's say, motive or motivation for joining the research or participating in the research was.

88
00:18:44.300 --> 00:18:56.980
Irini Siouti: Yeah, thank you. Alexander. indeed, I did not say so much about it. I contacted contact him via email. And he agreed for the first interview, 250.

89
00:18:57.080 --> 00:19:21.769
Irini Siouti: And when I did the first interview, I did not live in Germany. I worked and live in in Vienna, in Austria. And my impression was that this was very important for him, because a social control in this interview context was an issue that there is a research that is coming from yeah, from outside, from Austria to do this interview.

90
00:19:21.800 --> 00:19:28.800
And and I think the the second motivation, and he told me this also in this, in the second interview, was that

91
00:19:28.830 --> 00:19:46.950
Irini Siouti: he He got me, and he realized that I did a lot of work on the. So for second generation migrants. And this was an issue for him. So this motivated him very much. yeah. And for the second interview.

92
00:19:47.240 --> 00:19:55.929
Irini Siouti: erez agmoni, it was clear, because the the first interview with him is some years ago, and for the second interview I was very much interested, because 150

93
00:19:56.060 --> 00:20:13.350
Irini Siouti: I was confused somehow, that he did not mention so much his Kurdish a levy background I mean the the interviews The first interview was 2 h 2 and a half hours, and also the second interview about 3 h 3,

94
00:20:13.350 --> 00:20:28.589
Irini Siouti: and he never said explicitly, I have an a lady background. He only only said that You only mentioned the Kurdish background, and also he describes him as he describes his family as a

95
00:20:28.800 --> 00:20:39.910
Irini Siouti: as the family, as he position his family in the context of minority. You always spoke about minority and a religious minority.

96
00:20:40.000 --> 00:21:04.670
Irini Siouti: and so I ask him. In the second interview, to tell me a little bit more about his, a family history and the experience, and In in his family, and this was very interesting, because he told me, and the second interview that there was silence about this in his family history. They didn't speak about the political motivation, the political engagement

97
00:21:04.670 --> 00:21:17.629
Irini Siouti: erez agmoni, and also not about that. What happened in in the family in Turkey, and I asked him, and he said he, he believes that his parents did this because they wanted to 101

98
00:21:17.880 --> 00:21:25.040
Irini Siouti: shots of the family to protect, to protect them.

99
00:21:25.170 --> 00:21:33.430
Irini Siouti: And and I tell you this because I think this is very important. And I had also the impression that somehow this, a silence

100
00:21:33.540 --> 00:21:53.109
Irini Siouti: in this family interactions is also reproduced in this interview context. He was not really able to talk about it, because there is no narration about it somehow. And this is also a methodological struggle, one could say, or a challenge, because there are some experiences.

101
00:21:53.170 --> 00:22:06.140
Irini Siouti: there exist no narration about some experiences. And how can we catch and reconstruct this experiences? Because I think on this for this topic, the the

102
00:22:06.230 --> 00:22:25.209
Irini Siouti: intergenerational relations and the family relations are important. But his parents, for example, do not live any more, so I do not have a possibility in most of the cases to do the interviews with the first generation, because the second generation, a lot of them, are about

103
00:22:25.210 --> 00:22:40.030
Irini Siouti: erez agmoni 50 and 60 years now. So the first generation is over 80. And yeah, I have the second and maybe the third generation. Yeah. And I have somehow also to find a way to deal with this, and maybe 150,

104
00:22:40.050 --> 00:22:47.280
Irini Siouti: to use also other methodological tools, let me say, not only.

105
00:22:48.740 --> 00:22:52.889
Irini Siouti: but I think this was his primary motivation. Yes.

106
00:22:53.540 --> 00:23:03.160
Alexandra Zavvou: I have some ideas about that. But maybe I wish I don't want to. you know. monopolized.

107
00:23:04.960 --> 00:23:11.379
Well, thank you. So we have 2 more questions. One is from Daniel. Yes, Daniel.

108
00:23:11.610 --> 00:23:14.940
maybe your kids. Okay.

109
00:23:16.170 --> 00:23:22.169
 hello. Thanks, Sirini, for this very interesting piece of work.

110
00:23:22.230 --> 00:23:32.079
just to get a better idea or a better picture of of Dennis. I wonder how all this he and related to this?

111
00:23:32.310 --> 00:23:52.859
I was wondering if, in in in his particular case, if there was like one single turning point in his life that made him more politically engaged? Or was it rather like an accumulation of different experiences that made him more politically interested and engaged

112
00:23:53.670 --> 00:24:05.639
Irini Siouti: erez agmoni. Yeah, Dennis is 63 years old, and I would say that there was not one single turning point. But there is somehow one

113
00:24:05.720 --> 00:24:27.670
Irini Siouti:  erez agmoni, yeah, at at a a transformation. of the political orientation of his family, and especially of the male part of his family. It's a very male dominated. Yeah, life history, I would say. But I think for his political activism, 150.

114
00:24:27.670 --> 00:24:39.240
Irini Siouti: This is very important that he situated his help in this male tradition of Social Democrats, in the context of the family history of his father and grandfather.

115
00:24:39.420 --> 00:25:01.840
Irini Siouti: but at the same time I don't know anything about the the the part of his mother. I have an idea or an assumption. I would assume that the mother's family is more left than the father's family. But this is yeah, I I had hypothesis 101.

116
00:25:02.590 --> 00:25:07.769
Irini Siouti: But yeah, I would say that there is not one a single turning point.

117
00:25:07.830 --> 00:25:21.059
Irini Siouti: maybe a a turning point in regard to the question, if he should continue to be transnational, active, or local active in the city where he live.

118
00:25:21.140 --> 00:25:27.070
Irini Siouti: And yeah, this could be described somehow as the small turning point. But

119
00:25:27.210 --> 00:25:32.940
Irini Siouti: as a decision to focus more on local activism.

120
00:25:36.530 --> 00:25:38.340
Thank you, Natalia.

121
00:25:42.970 --> 00:26:01.100
Hi, thank you so much for your presentation. My question has mostly been answered yet, but I want to take the chance for a comment also. when I when I hear my migrant people in political participation, I like my first thought is how they're excluded

122
00:26:01.100 --> 00:26:30.199
and how that especially young people who are often not allowed to politically participate in in, in in voting, and so on, let alone like, if making a career in a political party. So it was really interesting to see, like a different perspective how someone who's already highly politically socialized. also experience experiences discrimination in the political system. Once he.

123
00:26:30.210 --> 00:26:40.199
I wanted really to participate.  so yeah. The

124
00:26:40.620 --> 00:26:43.899
other than the

125
00:26:44.560 --> 00:27:13.970
 How the process of of his political participation in in Turkey. I think it might also be interesting to yeah, to to to to. It is interesting how you address also that he's from an ethnic minority, which also makes makes a difference, probably. so what I know from Austrian.

126
00:27:13.970 --> 00:27:32.470
The Turkish minority in Austria. They are very supportive of Yadogan, and most of them are from the Turkish majority, and I think that it's very important that we have more research on on different kinds of

127
00:27:32.480 --> 00:27:44.789
the Turkish population. Different.  orientation of the Turkish population in Austria, Germany and of course other countries

128
00:27:45.150 --> 00:27:54.510
Irini Siouti:  mit Ctl, and yes, and I think pardon is also that the so-called Turkish migrant group as a very heterogeneous group of yes, exactly

129
00:27:54.600 --> 00:28:20.810
Irini Siouti: erez agmoni ethnic religious backgrounds, and not to subsume them on the term Turkish migration. But to see. yeah, more concrete to the cases. And you're right because of the whole discussion. in Germany is and we know from quantitative studies that the second generation, and also the third generation, is under 150

130
00:28:20.930 --> 00:28:27.600
Irini Siouti: representative in all fields of political participation, all conventional fields. So

131
00:28:27.830 --> 00:28:34.969
Irini Siouti: this is, one could say, a really, another perspective. Just to look at at the resources. And not only.

132
00:28:35.350 --> 00:28:37.089
Irini Siouti: yeah, at the problems.

133
00:28:37.510 --> 00:28:39.739
exactly. Yeah. Thank you.

134
00:28:41.950 --> 00:29:08.050
Well, thank you. another, question. I, I would like to to try to make a question and it's a methodological one, but maybe you can. I I I will put now the question, but we can discuss it, maybe at the end, at the end around, because every I mean all 3 presenters can comment on it. My questions, Edin, is that, and you wrote in your abstract

135
00:29:08.180 --> 00:29:12.700
the notion, the very promised notion of intersectionality.

136
00:29:12.770 --> 00:29:31.799
and we We spoke very often in our department, also with Alexandra Zavou, that this is a very promised dimension, but quite difficult to apply it in the in the research praxis. So my question is.

137
00:29:32.040 --> 00:29:59.430
why do you mean Biographical approach is a convenient way to introduce intersectionality in into the analysis, into the research practice and into the analysis. But maybe we can let we we can. put these questions also at the end, at the end round, because I think that Alexandra and Natalie can also comment on it

138
00:29:59.430 --> 00:30:22.430
mit ctl, and so if it's another questions here in the room in zoom. No. Okay, then we can go further. I I would like to welcome in our Rc. In our C. 38. A Greek team consists of Alexandra Zavou, from the University of Crete, Pablo's Hadjopoulos from Athens, 150

139
00:30:22.430 --> 00:30:46.090
Nellie Kaburi from Pandeon University on University and Elfaria, Papa Stefanaki from the University of Crete, Alexandra Zab, who is here. She will present a paper called Feminist and queer activisms and the transformation of gender studies in Greece, and counters of gender-related

140
00:30:46.130 --> 00:30:48.150
violence. Alexandra.

141
00:30:48.360 --> 00:30:51.130
Alexandra Zavvou: Thank you very much. I

142
00:30:51.350 --> 00:30:54.809
Alexandra Zavvou: very happy you in this session and

143
00:30:54.860 --> 00:30:58.460
Alexandra Zavvou:  It's

144
00:30:58.910 --> 00:31:05.860
Alexandra Zavvou: I'm the I think the register is going to change a little bit from eating these presentations.

145
00:31:05.880 --> 00:31:14.959
Alexandra Zavvou: so what I will be presenting today. And let me just share my screen with you.

146
00:31:14.970 --> 00:31:16.750
Alexandra Zavvou: okay, here we go.

147
00:31:18.360 --> 00:31:22.660
Alexandra Zavvou: And bye. okay?

148
00:31:23.930 --> 00:31:27.700
Alexandra Zavvou: So what I will be presenting today.

149
00:31:28.940 --> 00:31:32.509
Alexandra Zavvou: And this is the outline of my presentation

150
00:31:32.810 --> 00:31:39.599
Alexandra Zavvou: is not based on a finished but rather on a proposed research project

151
00:31:39.840 --> 00:31:44.349
Alexandra Zavvou: for which we don't yet know if we will be get the funding.

152
00:31:45.140 --> 00:31:55.900
Alexandra Zavvou: so what I'm talking about today is basically based on the research, the preliminary research we did in order to

153
00:31:56.190 --> 00:32:02.340
Alexandra Zavvou: construct the proposal. So the research is called gesture.

154
00:32:02.540 --> 00:32:11.039
Alexandra Zavvou: re-reading gender studies and activism and activism in Greece and counters on gender-related violence.

155
00:32:11.150 --> 00:32:17.849
Our idea is to study the development of gender based scholarship and activism

156
00:32:18.080 --> 00:32:30.970
Alexandra Zavvou: as interrelated, but also separate areas of knowledge production in the last couple of decades in Greece, during which we argue some important changes in gender politics are taking place.

157
00:32:31.580 --> 00:32:44.490
Alexandra Zavvou: We are examining the development and institutionalization of gender studies in the Academy in relation to wider developments in the Feminist and Lgbtq movement.

158
00:32:44.620 --> 00:32:50.040
Alexandra Zavvou: taking, as case studies, 2 sites. metropolitan Athens.

159
00:32:50.390 --> 00:32:56.200
Alexandra Zavvou: and a more local context, 2 cities in Crete, Heraclion, and hang out.

160
00:32:56.770 --> 00:33:13.800
Alexandra Zavvou: Moreover, we are using a specific issue or topic gender violence as a critical lens through which to interrogate how gender studies and activisms proceed in the 20 first century. In other words, we are looking at how

161
00:33:14.540 --> 00:33:34.130
Alexandra Zavvou: gender gender studies and gender activisms develop new kinds of knowledge and politics, sometimes in antagonism to each other as they approach the question of gender violence, an intersectional social phenomenon which is manifested testing more and more acutely today.

162
00:33:34.920 --> 00:33:55.750
Alexandra Zavvou: And we are investigating this from the perspective of produced texts, and from the perspective of personal biographies and trajectories. In this sense the project combines archival research and narrative biographical research which we hope to put in dialogue with each other

163
00:33:57.620 --> 00:34:02.870
Alexandra Zavvou: very briefly, by way of a very condensed historical background.

164
00:34:04.360 --> 00:34:29.539
Alexandra Zavvou: We know from previous scholarship that over the course of the twentieth century. Feminism in Greece goes through various phases, starting from the liberal beginnings of a bourgeois women's movement which demands that education and legal rights, but but does not challenge fundamental socio-cultural institutions, such as the family or national identity.

165
00:34:29.560 --> 00:34:40.340
Alexandra Zavvou: The inter-war years bring an important radicalization also under the influence of a dynamic Socialist and workers movement, and the demand for suffrage

166
00:34:40.420 --> 00:34:56.340
Alexandra Zavvou: and working women's rights enters for the first time the feminist repertoire. This dynamic is undercut by the right wing dictatorship of Metaksas in 1936, and the destruction brought by World War Ii. In the Civil War that follows.

167
00:34:56.650 --> 00:35:21.630
Alexandra Zavvou: even though the alternative government of the mountain established by Communist rebels during the Civil War includes women in important and non traditional roles, such as fighters and political spokesperson. The defeat and subsequent criminalization and incarceration of radicals ushers in a long period of silence lasting throughout the 1950 S. And 1960 S.

168
00:35:21.630 --> 00:35:32.099
Alexandra Zavvou: While post war gains such as the right to vote introduced in 1956 are granted on a top down basis rather than as a grassroots. Victory.

169
00:35:32.580 --> 00:35:37.809
Alexandra Zavvou: therefore, in 1,974, an important date in

170
00:35:41.080 --> 00:35:51.759
Alexandra Zavvou: contemporary Greek history, which marks the anniversary of the overturning of the military junta and the inauguration of a period of democratic reconstruction

171
00:35:51.779 --> 00:36:08.950
Alexandra Zavvou: presents a milestone for the development of a new wave of feminism in Greece, influenced strongly by second way of feminism in the West, and especially French feminism, but bearing also the mark of a left political and ideological standpoint.

172
00:36:09.170 --> 00:36:16.970
Alexandra Zavvou: an identity which can be clearly traced in accounts of older feminists, and which is considered their legacy.

173
00:36:17.490 --> 00:36:37.170
Alexandra Zavvou: Women's liberation from patriarchal oppression, figures, figures prominently in the mobilizations and consciousness-raising efforts of this period, and the demand for equality and self-determination in all aspects of personal and public life becomes the cornerstone of the movement.

174
00:36:37.569 --> 00:36:53.679
Alexandra Zavvou: It is in the context of this more recent history that we trace the development, albeit slow and impeded of women's and gender studies as a legitimate and recognized field of scholarship in the Greek University and intellectual sphere.

175
00:36:55.150 --> 00:37:07.780
Alexandra Zavvou: Now, for the purposes of our project. We frame the above term the above in terms of genealogies and generations of feminism.

176
00:37:08.120 --> 00:37:25.159
Alexandra Zavvou: the mapping of which feeds into the main research question, which has to do with identifying and analyzing continuities, discontinuities, and transitions in the shaping of gender studies and activisms in grace in the present.

177
00:37:27.790 --> 00:37:32.829
Alexandra Zavvou: So in the decades between 1,970 and 2,000.

178
00:37:33.310 --> 00:37:52.160
Alexandra Zavvou: The areas of study as schematized in journal articles and other publications, we have reviewed concern, women's work and family life. Women's political participation and gender culture. Conceptualizations of gender are influenced strongly by the sex gender debate.

179
00:37:52.160 --> 00:38:15.289
Alexandra Zavvou: Taking up the issue of the social construction of gender roles and identities, yet upholding an investment in a binary configuration of gender, often carrying essentialist undertones. In this sense the main focus and bulk of research even to this day, I would venture to say, is on women rather than gender deconstruction.

180
00:38:15.290 --> 00:38:22.519
Alexandra Zavvou: masculinities, or other more intersectional questions, such as sexuality or racialization

181
00:38:22.750 --> 00:38:38.270
Alexandra Zavvou: in terms of academic knowledge, production. There is a dominant nexus between history and social anthropology, while other disciplines, such as sociology, political science, economics, education, seem to develop more slowly

182
00:38:39.570 --> 00:38:47.480
Alexandra Zavvou: in the 20 first century, the stage for our own research, we identify some important changes.

183
00:38:47.750 --> 00:39:12.649
Alexandra Zavvou: first of all, and significantly for the dynamic between academic and activist knowledge production. We note a burgeoning Lgbtq movement, initially situated in the Leftist anarchist political scene, but quickly spreading into civil society and Ngo human rights activism which becomes dominant in the ensuing years.

184
00:39:12.910 --> 00:39:14.790
Alexandra Zavvou: The first tried

185
00:39:14.810 --> 00:39:24.970
Alexandra Zavvou: takes place in Athens in 2,005, and by the next decade starts to appear in other large cities, such as the Selamician Iraqi as well.

186
00:39:25.060 --> 00:39:36.360
Alexandra Zavvou: This political development introduces the question of sexuality into gender studies and research with the first edited volume on the subject appearing in 2,010,

187
00:39:36.540 --> 00:39:50.930
Alexandra Zavvou: the second also, very important change is the impact on Greek Society and Politics of post 1989. Migration which becomes a key topic of research in the social sciences as well as gender studies.

188
00:39:51.180 --> 00:40:14.669
Alexandra Zavvou: The Leftist feminist movement takes up the issue of racism and the challenges of integration faced by migrant women and feminists. Research expands greatly, also due to new funding opportunities in multiple directions, including topics such as cultural difference, citizenship, urban integration, family and labor relations

189
00:40:14.880 --> 00:40:26.100
Alexandra Zavvou: in terms of analytical approaches, intersectional analyses become more prominent, and Greek gender research joins in wider European debates more systematically.

190
00:40:26.340 --> 00:40:41.920
Alexandra Zavvou: Last, but not least, the Greek socioeconomic crisis, a time of great upheaval, starting in 2,010 and spanning close to a decade, brings acute new challenges, but also greater visibility for gender politics

191
00:40:41.930 --> 00:40:49.180
Alexandra Zavvou: with gender violence and precarity becoming fixed features of social life and new areas of research.

192
00:40:50.380 --> 00:40:51.800
Alexandra Zavvou: Today.

193
00:40:54.300 --> 00:41:00.669
Alexandra Zavvou: Here you can see some scenes from the past couple of decades.

194
00:41:01.050 --> 00:41:18.100
Alexandra Zavvou:  so yes. Today, based on the preliminary Mac mapping of current initiatives. The gender scene and debate is far more complex, multi-dimensional, and perhaps fractured.

195
00:41:18.320 --> 00:41:43.789
Alexandra Zavvou: Some of its characteristics are, on the one hand, the growing institutionalization of gender studies which seems to give rise to antagonisms and conflicts between academic and activist protagonists. At the same time, however, there is also the emergence of new academic Ngo activist artists, collaborations on a topical basis

196
00:41:43.840 --> 00:41:56.759
Alexandra Zavvou: as exemplified in the proliferation of summer schools, short term research and curatorial projects, new publishing initiatives, exhibitions, autonomous research centers.

197
00:41:57.070 --> 00:42:16.260
Alexandra Zavvou: a largely uncharted epistemological and political landscape, involving new methodologies of research and activism, especially as concerns the articulation of social research with art and advocacy or the emergence of social media activism

198
00:42:16.410 --> 00:42:27.429
Alexandra Zavvou: and new fields of inquiry, with a distinct transnational perspective, as, for example, borders refugees, digital media and culture or queer politics.

199
00:42:27.890 --> 00:42:41.759
Alexandra Zavvou: On the other hand, we note a deepening crisis of social reproduction. reflected both in the growing number of precarious researchers as well as in the increasing gender backlash

200
00:42:42.490 --> 00:42:50.719
Alexandra Zavvou: seen in the normalization of gender violence and the legitimation of fundamentalist ideologies of gender.

201
00:42:52.540 --> 00:42:56.469
Alexandra Zavvou: So the methodology we are pursuing is

202
00:42:56.520 --> 00:43:16.119
Alexandra Zavvou: twofold. On the one hand, we approach the question of genealogies, discontinuities, and transitions through the lens of the Archive, understood in a double sense the existing archive, as recorded in different publications, social research, official histories.

203
00:43:16.120 --> 00:43:31.670
Alexandra Zavvou: and the counter archive which concerns the excavation of more submerged voices in politics, taking into account also the reproduction of epistemic violence within the feminist movement itself.

204
00:43:32.450 --> 00:43:51.549
Alexandra Zavvou: On the other hand, we approach the question through the lens of biography. how do older, more established, and recognized feminists account for and position themselves? Vis the development of feminist in the double sense. We are examining as scholarship and activism

205
00:43:51.790 --> 00:44:05.549
Alexandra Zavvou: in relation to younger, in terms of bi biological as well as academic age more precarious. Gender researchers and activists who seem to be disrupting the status quo.

206
00:44:06.320 --> 00:44:17.330
Alexandra Zavvou: Our working hypothesis is that what defines the gender field in Greece today is the coexistence of different feminist dispositions.

207
00:44:18.620 --> 00:44:41.019
Alexandra Zavvou: identities in politics, often in opposition, or at least in dissonance to each other, and that such differences manifest as and in struggles within and outside the Academy, or at the margins, to control or open space and membership, as well as access to resources.

208
00:44:42.200 --> 00:44:53.409
Alexandra Zavvou: We are therefore interested in practices of gatekeeping, but also place making, collectivizing, transgressing, and not least capitalizing

209
00:44:53.420 --> 00:45:05.009
Alexandra Zavvou: kept practices which entail theoretical and political issues to be explored, especially as regards the value of different knowledges.

210
00:45:06.170 --> 00:45:23.220
Alexandra Zavvou: Therefore our research is structured along 4 main axes of inquiry. The first one is conceptualizations. How are feminism, gender and violence conceptualized? Is it only about women or other subjectivities and politics taken into account?

211
00:45:23.330 --> 00:45:28.930
How are these issues thematized in published research and key activist texts?

212
00:45:29.690 --> 00:45:50.759
Alexandra Zavvou: Secondly, politics and practices which discourses, languages, and methodologies are dominant, which are subjugated or oppositional. How are power, relations, and antagonisms manifesting which voices and or knowledges are hegemonic, which are silenced or discredited.

213
00:45:52.060 --> 00:46:07.790
Alexandra Zavvou: Third encounters. What confluences, conflicts, or multiplicities can be observed? How are these implicated in processes of radicalization or institutionalization, or fracturing

214
00:46:08.210 --> 00:46:27.450
Alexandra Zavvou: fourth economies of knowledge, culture, and work. What are some of the new forces structuring the field, for example, the role of the cultural industry, the ngoization of feminist and gender politics, transnational networking, neoliberal ideology, etc.

215
00:46:27.730 --> 00:46:39.139
Alexandra Zavvou: And obviously one of our big challenges concerns negotiating positionalities and accountabilities with respect to research participants or collaborators.

216
00:46:39.340 --> 00:46:53.849
Alexandra Zavvou: Given that we, as gender scholars and our activists ourselves, are implicated in the field. We are studying, therefore, addressing also for ourselves questions of identity, membership, and politics are critical

217
00:46:54.100 --> 00:47:14.590
Alexandra Zavvou: now. I don't know what. If I have any time left, I have some examples, but I can also omit them, because I think I may have been may have taken up quite some

218
00:47:14.640 --> 00:47:19.240
Alexandra Zavvou: discontinuities or transitions.

219
00:47:19.550 --> 00:47:45.980
Alexandra Zavvou: there are already basically online, some accounts, some either interviews or what more? Kind of personal narratives? Biographical narratives, mainly by older feminists. about their work and their trajectory, and based on these accounts.

220
00:47:46.000 --> 00:47:53.969
Alexandra Zavvou:  we've sort of I've sort of identified identified some key moments

221
00:47:54.550 --> 00:48:01.150
Alexandra Zavvou: the one being feminist conscious is consciousness raising

222
00:48:01.550 --> 00:48:07.800
Alexandra Zavvou: which is exemplified by What happened? The the

223
00:48:07.870 --> 00:48:13.680
Alexandra Zavvou: institution of a women's bookstore between 1,983 and 1,990.

224
00:48:13.720 --> 00:48:27.919
Alexandra Zavvou: And what happened around this women's bookstore in Athens, which was like a a a key site for or women's organizing.

225
00:48:28.060 --> 00:48:39.039
Alexandra Zavvou: And at this, during that same period, we also have the first women studies group at the Aristotle University of the Saloniki.

226
00:48:39.170 --> 00:48:55.960
Alexandra Zavvou: And and so we have the first entry of Feminism into the Academy. Of course it is. it's it's an in more informal entry. So there is a group that studies and organizes lectures, but these, for example, never find.

227
00:48:56.040 --> 00:49:01.139
Alexandra Zavvou:  a proper, let's say, home in the university

228
00:49:01.420 --> 00:49:10.089
Alexandra Zavvou: this, these 2 moments belong to what we would call second wave or standpoint. Feminism.

229
00:49:10.140 --> 00:49:13.160
Alexandra Zavvou: and, for example.

230
00:49:13.730 --> 00:49:21.150
Alexandra Zavvou: of course, when there were women's meetings at the bookstore about our issues, they were only for women.

231
00:49:21.370 --> 00:49:30.480
Alexandra Zavvou: It made the book store a point of reference for women in groups of what we would call an autonomous with autonomous women's space.

232
00:49:30.780 --> 00:49:37.229
Alexandra Zavvou: Several of the mobilizations that took place on issues of violence, rape, and later for the abortions.

233
00:49:37.330 --> 00:49:51.589
Alexandra Zavvou: A part of the organizing work was done in the bookshop area. So this kind, this idea of feminism being something by women for women and and kind of closed to other

234
00:49:51.800 --> 00:49:55.990
Alexandra Zavvou:  groups and and other

235
00:49:56.510 --> 00:50:10.410
Alexandra Zavvou: subjects is is very kind of second way of feminism. And here is an example from the the Saloniki Women's Studies Group.

236
00:50:10.420 --> 00:50:19.780
Alexandra Zavvou: So you kind of, said he, or she is like a a a fundamental feminist for Greece, like

237
00:50:19.960 --> 00:50:21.879
Alexandra Zavvou: a very big figure.

238
00:50:21.890 --> 00:50:32.010
Alexandra Zavvou: and I were together at the University Union, and I knew her own greater connection with the women's movement of that time. With the democratic women

239
00:50:32.090 --> 00:50:51.349
Alexandra Zavvou: we wanted to deal with what patriarchy means in science. And so we started this fundamental questioning. At that time we did not understand either the size or the difficulties we would encounter. We met once a week, for sure, in Zoega's office at the law school. It was our hangout. We never got a room.

240
00:50:51.410 --> 00:50:56.340
Alexandra Zavvou: We opened up all these issues to the University from a women's standpoint.

241
00:50:57.860 --> 00:51:01.139
Alexandra Zavvou: I think

242
00:51:02.850 --> 00:51:15.470
Alexandra Zavvou: for the purposes of what I'm presenting here. This is very well known. I mean, we're very familiar with this. I think the the importance is that it is,

243
00:51:15.500 --> 00:51:26.229
Alexandra Zavvou: significant significantly. Still present in the gender field in in in Greece today. And these

244
00:51:26.290 --> 00:51:37.520
Alexandra Zavvou: let's say, these women speaking here are important gatekeepers in for some of this gender.

245
00:51:37.660 --> 00:51:57.549
Alexandra Zavvou: for some of this gender field Then a third example just going back to the moments. Here a third important moment is left the development of leftist anti racist feminism which we trace through the feminist center of Athens.

246
00:51:57.580 --> 00:52:08.509
Alexandra Zavvou: And then the next 2 are this querying feminism and the the development of a more transnational feminism.

247
00:52:08.770 --> 00:52:11.780
Alexandra Zavvou: so just very briefly.

248
00:52:12.120 --> 00:52:31.620
Alexandra Zavvou: there was already the European left Feminist Forum, but the purpose was to deal with the new phenomenon of trafficking, which was spreading rapidly. Anyway, in 2,000 we created the Feminist center of Athens, our main Moto down with all the pimps, state and private, because it was about both categories.

249
00:52:31.640 --> 00:53:01.200
Alexandra Zavvou: We did a lot of work going to trial, supporting the victims, and so on for 10 or 11 years. One part of our work is the Cuneva case for Sandina Cunavar. is a M. Migrant woman from Bulgaria, who was attacked with acid and nearly died, and her case is very well known, I think, also Throughout the European anti-racist movement

250
00:53:02.110 --> 00:53:20.680
Alexandra Zavvou: we actively participated in solidarity with Kostandina Gunab, and tried to publicize the issue. That she was a woman. She was a foreigner, a foreign woman, and a worker. She had 3 deficits, and we highlighted this issue a lot. So it I I I

251
00:53:20.880 --> 00:53:25.439
Alexandra Zavvou: argue that actually, it was migration that brought

252
00:53:25.590 --> 00:53:40.160
Alexandra Zavvou: to Greek feminist the Let's say the awareness that there are intersecting. There are many axes of discrimination. And it's not just gender or gender and class.

253
00:53:40.790 --> 00:53:55.330
Alexandra Zavvou: and that migrant women pay played a very big role in this enforcing great feminists to open up to this multiplicity of of inequalities.

254
00:53:55.970 --> 00:54:03.200
Alexandra Zavvou: So here is the the queering feminist feminism moment.

255
00:54:03.400 --> 00:54:15.579
Alexandra Zavvou: this is a group called Curriculum Vita. They're playing with the notion of a curriculum v time. But they're queering this biography. so

256
00:54:15.730 --> 00:54:24.429
Alexandra Zavvou: we are some people who had met in the context of the LGBT movement. It was a small social space. Then. It was also before Pry.

257
00:54:24.500 --> 00:54:40.220
Alexandra Zavvou: Those of us who started it met in these contexts that were somewhat politicized and on the left and towards anarchy. Okay, it was quite an intense period. It was quite intense, because it was something quite new, also queer as a concept.

258
00:54:40.380 --> 00:54:43.979
Alexandra Zavvou: because we were the first group to use it. In Greece

259
00:54:44.190 --> 00:55:02.099
Alexandra Zavvou: there has always been this criticism that queer. It's something that was imposed on us from the outside, because the term also is foreign, and the history of the reappropriation of the word in Greek does not exist. So we were missing that, but for us it still makes sense.

260
00:55:02.240 --> 00:55:09.989
Alexandra Zavvou: in a way, because it expressed a comprehensive vision of how to discuss and fight against different systems of power.

261
00:55:11.030 --> 00:55:15.259
Alexandra Zavvou: And then They go on to say that

262
00:55:16.410 --> 00:55:27.340
Alexandra Zavvou: to open the fan about the experience of gender and sexuality, that it is more than 2 genders, one or 2 sexualities and sexual identities.

263
00:55:27.680 --> 00:55:28.390
Okay?

264
00:55:28.790 --> 00:55:37.569
Alexandra Zavvou: And the final quote is from the feminist autonomous Research center of Athens.

265
00:55:38.000 --> 00:56:01.640
Alexandra Zavvou: And this is how they present themselves. Back research is a community based research Center located in that in Athens the city at the epicenter of global intersecting crises. Now suddenly Athens becomes, is is kind of identified or claimed rather as a as a global location, as a global setting rather than a local

266
00:56:01.780 --> 00:56:10.910
Alexandra Zavvou: or peripheral or Southern European. place we need

267
00:56:11.050 --> 00:56:32.809
Alexandra Zavvou: to build spaces in which encounters can take place. Coalitions can flourish particularly for groups that's excluded from the hegemonic mappings of the city. working against multiple forms of violence. Pack research is not confined to the physical space of the center, or even to the city. The country, or the continent

268
00:56:32.810 --> 00:56:43.890
Alexandra Zavvou: seeks to establish collaborations against borders with collectives, organizations, individuals and communities and struggle, we see ourselves

269
00:56:44.220 --> 00:57:00.710
Alexandra Zavvou: as an emerging global movement against hetero patriarchy and racial capitalism, neo-colonialism and ecological genus genocide. Now, these terms are very new terms in the context of great gender studies

270
00:57:01.260 --> 00:57:13.090
Alexandra Zavvou: like racial capitalism, neo-colonialism our, our our new concepts that that are have yet to be a more, let's say.

271
00:57:13.340 --> 00:57:20.259
Alexandra Zavvou: integrated and and developed all these different

272
00:57:20.450 --> 00:57:28.590
Alexandra Zavvou: moments and voices coexist in the present moment, and also coexist

273
00:57:28.650 --> 00:57:38.220
Alexandra Zavvou: in in, in relations of tension, and and often very open conflict happening on social media.

274
00:57:38.310 --> 00:57:42.129
Alexandra Zavvou: vicious, open conflict happening on social media.

275
00:57:42.370 --> 00:57:52.360
Alexandra Zavvou: and yes, this is what we hope to be able to research further and thank you very, very much.

276
00:57:53.290 --> 00:57:55.410
Thank you very much, Alexander.

277
00:57:58.100 --> 00:58:06.599
I found very interesting. This tension or relationship between the internal in this institutionalized

278
00:58:06.640 --> 00:58:27.089
From the from one side and the grassroots, or the the many voices of the gross roots. Gender discourses, practices, and identities, which saves the field of gender studies in Greece. So, Are there any? Is there any question to Alexandra

279
00:58:27.240 --> 00:58:29.469
in in the room

280
00:58:30.730 --> 00:58:34.020
or in in zoom.

281
00:58:37.480 --> 00:58:40.599
Mina, Mina.

282
00:58:42.600 --> 00:58:47.299
it's better to come here, because, for you

283
00:58:47.480 --> 00:58:48.330
see.

284
00:58:52.090 --> 00:59:19.989
Okay, thank you so much, Alexandra. It was very fascinating to here. I was just thinking you are going to reconstruct different generations of feminist ideas. I suppose so. And You already had listed actually the development of the feminist theory. I could read it out, a feminist and development of feministeria and the group and the groupings.

285
00:59:20.170 --> 00:59:30.089
I'm just wondering. is the focus just on reconstruction, or is it also on on these conflicts?

286
00:59:30.290 --> 00:59:40.540
I know I know it from the German that there are quite big tensions. Exactly. Exactly. I think you also mentioned at the end.

287
00:59:40.600 --> 00:59:43.159
between these groupings

288
00:59:43.390 --> 00:59:52.710
and you also meant something that there there is. All groupings are existent at the moment.

289
00:59:52.750 --> 00:59:54.230
there.

290
00:59:54.410 --> 00:59:56.629
a couple of years ago, the

291
00:59:56.660 --> 01:00:26.619
there was Populist in Germany very interesting book from migrant feminists who Who? Argued that they have not been considered in the in the feminist movement. In Germany, so It made it clear that there are always very many groups and groupings. And the question is, which group is hierarchy monic? And

292
01:00:26.640 --> 01:00:41.119
what are these other groups doing so? and it it is. This book is very wonderful, and it shows the differences between these different groupings. So what do you think about

293
01:00:41.670 --> 01:00:47.360
about crease? How these different groupings? I suppose they are very many.

294
01:00:47.440 --> 01:01:04.300
also, maybe micros. I don't know if you have. maybe they are engaging in all these groupings. I don't know. I don't know, but it's just quite interesting that in Germany they seem to have been quite separate

295
01:01:04.300 --> 01:01:17.550
nowadays, I think when we are talking about transnational feminism and transnother and groupings. They are mixing more but they those used to be nineties, for example, it's time that these were quite separate.

296
01:01:18.940 --> 01:01:32.400
Alexandra Zavvou: yes, thank you very much for your question, and I would also be very interested in in looking at them. I mean, not knowing about more about the book you were mentioning. So maybe at some point,

297
01:01:32.610 --> 01:02:03.509
Alexandra Zavvou:  we are basically interested in the conflict. That's where, let's say the juices right and But since we we we're still looking at the field from the outside, more or less, not having started the actual research. I what what I you know I was speaking more about what I can see from a a more distance perspective

298
01:02:03.800 --> 01:02:28.340
Alexandra Zavvou: as far as the conflicts go. First of all, at present they are very intense and and vicious. And it's not so much, let's say, between Greek feminist and migrant feminist. But it's between

299
01:02:28.750 --> 01:02:38.780
Alexandra Zavvou: academic and activist feminist. especially academic feminists who hold positions of power.

300
01:02:38.950 --> 01:02:47.870
Alexandra Zavvou: who control not just the let's say, the academic scene. But also

301
01:02:47.910 --> 01:02:57.479
Alexandra Zavvou: let's access more a wider access to, you know, public and intellectual and publishing resources.

302
01:02:57.930 --> 01:03:04.970
Alexandra Zavvou: So there is a very big. There is a a lot of tension there, and there's also

303
01:03:06.130 --> 01:03:08.650
Alexandra Zavvou: a lot of tension between.

304
01:03:08.860 --> 01:03:18.330
Alexandra Zavvou: let's say, older, more second generation feminist and younger, queer

305
01:03:18.730 --> 01:03:21.710
Alexandra Zavvou: and trans feminists.

306
01:03:21.870 --> 01:03:26.499
Alexandra Zavvou: In fact, the let's say older generation feminists

307
01:03:26.550 --> 01:03:31.910
Alexandra Zavvou: have a very are now even speaking out

308
01:03:32.110 --> 01:03:35.110
Alexandra Zavvou: directly against trans feminism.

309
01:03:35.300 --> 01:03:55.259
Alexandra Zavvou:  and that kind that that is a very weird and and and slippery dynamic, because that links very closely with what you know, the gender backlash ideologies are so

310
01:03:55.370 --> 01:04:01.509
Alexandra Zavvou: I put it, it becomes politically a very

311
01:04:01.740 --> 01:04:06.479
Alexandra Zavvou: dangerous and and and contested sort of terrain.

312
01:04:07.280 --> 01:04:12.479
Alexandra Zavvou: No, as far as migrant feminists go.

313
01:04:13.320 --> 01:04:22.430
Alexandra Zavvou: I don't know if this corresponds at all to the situation in Germany, but in Greece there was some.

314
01:04:22.800 --> 01:04:39.539
Alexandra Zavvou: My immigrant women. Migrant women were involved in feminist activism during the 2,000 late 19 nineties, and then well, into the 2,000 s. and these were like first generation

315
01:04:39.930 --> 01:04:41.880
Alexandra Zavvou: migrant women.

316
01:04:42.250 --> 01:04:52.010
Alexandra Zavvou: And then that sort of petered out, because also the anti racist movement sort of you know, went into a kind of a

317
01:04:52.320 --> 01:04:55.029
Alexandra Zavvou: a low phase.

318
01:04:55.130 --> 01:05:09.000
Alexandra Zavvou: And what emerged later on, and quite discontinuously from that is a a new generation of migrant, queer activists

319
01:05:10.850 --> 01:05:26.059
Alexandra Zavvou: and second generation migrant clear activists who also play a lot with language. So they mix Greek with Albanian and

320
01:05:26.120 --> 01:05:33.110
Alexandra Zavvou: they claim, a a different kind of of identity and visibility for themselves.

321
01:05:33.340 --> 01:05:38.610
Alexandra Zavvou: so these, these are the things that I you know, we we? We've sort of

322
01:05:38.730 --> 01:05:41.060
Alexandra Zavvou: mapped so far.

323
01:05:41.210 --> 01:05:55.750
Okay, that's interesting, because it seems to be quite simulative. to Germany, the development also all within a feminist micron feminism. So they are also okay. Thank you so much. Thank you.

324
01:05:57.720 --> 01:05:59.679
Thank you very much. Iirini.

325
01:06:01.450 --> 01:06:23.289
Irini Siouti: Yeah, thank you, Alexandra, for this really interesting presentation. I have a question, about your research process, and especially on some issues. of research ethics. I would like to ask you, because of the material from the archives is not an an anonymized but Did you anonymize the interviews you do

326
01:06:23.320 --> 01:06:51.540
Irini Siouti: erez agmoni And how do you share your resides with your interview partners. And do you have any struggles? because I could imagine if this is a field that everybody knows everybody, somehow. And If there's so much conflict and struggles, somehow you are interwined, maybe as an interviewer, as a researcher one.

327
01:06:51.540 --> 01:06:57.640
Irini Siouti: yeah. And how do you deal with it? And your positionality and the

328
01:06:58.620 --> 01:07:03.899
Alexandra Zavvou: Yes, thank you, Danie. This is a fantastic question, and it's

329
01:07:04.350 --> 01:07:25.169
Alexandra Zavvou: What I have used in this presentation is Our accounts that are published already published in both in on websites and in publications in books. So that this is Let's say I'm drawing on material that's already

330
01:07:26.730 --> 01:07:29.299
Alexandra Zavvou: open, let's say

331
01:07:29.490 --> 01:07:51.629
Alexandra Zavvou: for the interviews which we haven't started yet. and therefore your question is also very helpful for us. What we discussed as in our preparation was that we would give our research participants the choice

332
01:07:52.130 --> 01:07:58.530
Alexandra Zavvou: to identify, you know, to keep their identity

333
01:07:59.060 --> 01:08:04.540
Alexandra Zavvou: open or to anonymize it. However.

334
01:08:04.560 --> 01:08:15.800
Alexandra Zavvou: even if they, if they, even if the identity is anonymized in some cases where, if let's say we have, there are some feminist, let's say figures

335
01:08:15.940 --> 01:08:30.349
Alexandra Zavvou:  who are, extremely well known. And if you read, you know what, when you read their story, you you will identify them through their story, whether they use the name or not. So

336
01:08:31.020 --> 01:08:40.860
Alexandra Zavvou: that, in fact, is is is a question we we I don't have an answer for that right now. and

337
01:08:41.150 --> 01:08:48.579
Alexandra Zavvou: I think your question is, is that very important to for us to address in?

338
01:08:49.460 --> 01:08:51.250
Alexandra Zavvou: You know more deeply

339
01:08:55.020 --> 01:08:59.750
Alexandra Zavvou: also, because you know these, we will be interviewing people.

340
01:09:00.090 --> 01:09:05.609
Alexandra Zavvou: many of whom we know and with whom we have

341
01:09:05.670 --> 01:09:17.589
Alexandra Zavvou: a number of you know, intersecting relationships, professional and friendships, relationships and friendships and and activists, political relationships. So

342
01:09:17.680 --> 01:09:24.879
Alexandra Zavvou: yes, in that sense it, it's It's a complicated research process

343
01:09:26.210 --> 01:09:28.280
Alexandra Zavvou: definitely.

344
01:09:28.950 --> 01:09:56.679
Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Alexandra, thank you. Really. So another question in the room. No. So we can go further. Our third presentation comes from Natalia, from the Ludwig Maximilian University, Winston in Germany The title is How to become a political activist in the Fridays for future movement.

345
01:09:56.740 --> 01:10:01.579
reflection on biographical and narratives of young activists.

346
01:10:06.080 --> 01:10:12.570
Thank you. Hi, everybody welcome to my presentation on political socialization.

347
01:10:12.620 --> 01:10:28.359
My name is Natalia Vekta. I'm still affiliated with ludic Maximilian University in Munich, but my main affiliation is at the University of Grad, where I'm associate professor in social pedagogy. Now.

348
01:10:32.620 --> 01:10:34.789
thanks for helping, preparing.

349
01:10:35.340 --> 01:10:36.510
Thank you.

350
01:10:38.050 --> 01:10:42.669
It says screen sharing has thoughts disconnected.

351
01:10:51.190 --> 01:10:52.460
Okay.

352
01:10:52.690 --> 01:10:58.179
 not here.

353
01:11:02.770 --> 01:11:04.540
where do I? This?

354
01:11:08.230 --> 01:11:10.920
Now? It works. Okay.

355
01:11:12.460 --> 01:11:19.000
Okay. If we look at this picture here, you see this young woman

356
01:11:19.070 --> 01:11:24.280
who has written on her hands, our future in your hands.

357
01:11:24.550 --> 01:11:51.469
And I question in our research, we question this, does it really? Because it implies that? it's not in the hands of the young people themselves, but it's in the hands of the older generations their future and understanding. using the theory or the the theoretical concept of agency and understanding young people of act as actors of social change.

358
01:11:51.470 --> 01:12:11.829
this implies something else. it means that we should not focus only on how young people are affected by structural conditions, but also how young people themselves contribute to social change. And this is what the research I present is based on

359
01:12:12.650 --> 01:12:19.069
another theory that we have used. Here is the theory of political self-efficacy.

360
01:12:19.120 --> 01:12:39.360
It means, first, it means that the the belief that someone believes that political change is possible at all, and that your own behavior, that your own political actions may contribute to social or political change.

361
01:12:39.880 --> 01:12:42.389
and in South Africa is is

362
01:12:42.450 --> 01:12:57.969
closely related to the concept of agency. And you could say, it's one of it's a core element and a buffal for young people. There's Richard showing that self-efficacy is the key to their political participation.

363
01:13:00.750 --> 01:13:08.869
And finally, probably most important theory of political socialization. There are several aspects.

364
01:13:08.920 --> 01:13:15.069
and and off of a of of political of

365
01:13:15.660 --> 01:13:38.570
political socialization. It should say, it's a the it's political interest we you could. You could look at. how did people get politicized? in in their youth? Or whenever? regarding political? When did they become, how and did they become interested in politics.

366
01:13:38.570 --> 01:13:45.690
You can look at how their their willingness to participate, to be to become engaged.

367
01:13:45.740 --> 01:14:04.460
develop, or how did how to translate into actual engagement. And you can also look at what it means for different forms of engagement. yeah. How? Which development you can find here in political socialization processes.

368
01:14:05.060 --> 01:14:20.609
 what we learned from research so far is that political social socialization processes regarding to political interest and the willingness to participate seems to depend on the young people's family background.

369
01:14:20.690 --> 01:14:49.600
And so quantitative research, mostly quantitative research shows that on the one hand, it's social capital, the social one, social networks or the social. The family networks also that are relevant for influence, positively political interest in the willingness to participate And one of the questions that it was measured with, or that it is measured that so social capital to give you an idea is measured with

370
01:14:49.600 --> 01:14:54.579
is, for example, if there is relatives or

371
01:14:54.720 --> 01:15:06.390
people, friends of the family that are lawyers or medical doctors, and so on, so that we will measure one kind of measurement and the cultural capital

372
01:15:06.760 --> 01:15:11.539
is also positively related to political interest.

373
01:15:11.600 --> 01:15:21.950
cultural, like the family's cultural capital, related to the political interest of the children and our young people.

374
01:15:21.980 --> 01:15:23.130
and

375
01:15:23.480 --> 01:15:29.339
it, and it can be measured or is measured with how many books?

376
01:15:29.480 --> 01:15:54.210
if they are there at home. And our parents reading focus to children, our parents reading at all? Is there a news being watched? Just their newspapers, or with newspapers, with also a political content? And how often you visit museums, or with your pair of young people, visit museums with their parents or other cultural events.

377
01:15:55.520 --> 01:15:57.840
So while there is a

378
01:15:57.900 --> 01:16:11.329
quite some knowledge about the influence of the family. We don't know so much about how our peers and our school in the school or media contribute to engagement.

379
01:16:11.460 --> 01:16:35.349
And and it's also how, oh, and how also this is interrelate, and how also the different kinds of societal associations, agents, and their influence is interrelated, and or if and how they influence also the form of engagement, thinking of conventional and non-conventional participation, for example.

380
01:16:38.060 --> 01:16:57.290
So the research questions that I address here is, how do young people become active? What makes them become activists in Fridays for future? How do they perceive their political self efficacy? And which strategies do they also apply for increasing self efficiency.

381
01:16:57.440 --> 01:17:17.109
the research. It's a qualitative research design. And there was quality of research, qualitative interviews and also other forms of data collection carried out in Austria and Germany, with different with young members of different local and regional writers for future groups.

382
01:17:17.940 --> 01:17:30.479
I worked together with a chairman, colleague, Nico Stamman, from the Technical University in Dutmund, who did the German data collection, and we did the Austrian data collection in Austria

383
01:17:30.530 --> 01:17:34.330
and the at the university in grades

384
01:17:34.360 --> 01:17:51.839
and the qualitative interviews, young not meaning teenagers, but they were. Some were still going to school. Most of them were studying at university at the time of the interviews. They were between 16, roughly

385
01:17:51.860 --> 01:17:55.489
16 and 25 years, most of them in their early twentys.

386
01:17:55.540 --> 01:18:12.849
 Most of them were interviewed individually and the. We also did group interviews on participant and observation. But what is the what I have addressed here is was analyzed. The only the individual interviews were analyzed.

387
01:18:13.260 --> 01:18:23.400
And what's important to say, also that data collection took place in the first year of the movement. So it's like the early active early fighters for future activists

388
01:18:23.800 --> 01:18:48.460
and and also in what's important to say a limitation is that it was secondary data analyzes. So not the whole, not not the whole. interview was in political socialization. it would be great to do that in the future, and I think it would be important. But we had an opening question or a probe on

389
01:18:49.180 --> 01:19:03.310
about the access to the Fridays for future movement, and what made them interested, and how they were becoming activists. So and this is what I used here for analyzes.

390
01:19:04.390 --> 01:19:05.100
Okay.

391
01:19:05.900 --> 01:19:10.090
and this is what I found.

392
01:19:10.440 --> 01:19:20.869
I start with. 2 quotes from the interviews, and we'll then provide some interpretation also.

393
01:19:21.130 --> 01:19:26.999
so one male fight is a future activist from Austria

394
01:19:27.000 --> 01:19:45.409
told us. I do not know exactly which was the 1 one triggering event it. I have always been confronted with the topic topic of environmental protection or or climate change, because my dad also sorts of dealt with it in his job.

395
01:19:45.410 --> 01:20:00.699
And then, at some point, I do not know how exactly. But then I started getting informed on the Internet, which the effects of global warming really are. And so on. And I found that incredibly terrible, because actually, it is really a major crisis and back then I could not believe that no one talks about it.

396
01:20:02.110 --> 01:20:14.860
And another, active as this a female Friday. So you check those to us. but gender I I put it here, but actually gender is was not. Was not something I was looking at here.

397
01:20:15.100 --> 01:20:37.190
I have always been interested in becoming engaged for environmental activism, because for my parents, environmental protection is very much in my blood. It has always been a big issue in my family. Political activism has always been a big issue for us, too. I like to say I was a strike baby because my mom and dad have met at a strike, or actually, when they were organizing a strike.

398
01:20:40.800 --> 01:20:50.819
So we can see in in the interviews that a political interest might have been, be developed because of the parents.

399
01:20:51.020 --> 01:21:19.070
and we we see that typically long before becoming part of the movement, or even long before before. That was the movement at all, because they were really early. some of them were founding members also of their regional or local groups. So and typically long before becoming part of becoming part of rise for future. They were already interested in environmental issues and climate change.

400
01:21:19.650 --> 01:21:47.880
And and we also see that, like for actual participation in Fridays for the future. the the interview activists had not been triggered by parents but rather by critical events that they had heard about in media, by discussions on social media, or by discussing some occurrences related to climate change with friends

401
01:21:49.420 --> 01:21:59.149
and So the development of of of of of the willingness to become engaged in climate change.

402
01:21:59.300 --> 01:22:05.410
I cannot really, or at least from the interviews, we cannot really explain it with the influence of the parents

403
01:22:05.710 --> 01:22:31.320
or certain or certain friends but it seems to be really longer process where where they became more politicized through pair through based on the family political political background of the family, but also through the friends for for discussions, maybe also through school. And yeah, it seems to be an interrelated longer process.

404
01:22:33.290 --> 01:22:44.869
there, there is quite some discussion where I had in an academic context, also discussions about if it's a generational conflict.

405
01:22:44.940 --> 01:22:57.250
and I would say that on the one hand, you could call it a generational conflict, because All the generations are blamed for climate change. So that's also what appear in our interviews.

406
01:22:57.470 --> 01:23:19.330
And but, on the other hand, the political socialization happened in the families. And and there's also a lot of family support that they receive for the activism. And also it's important to them or like to the interview into to the interview is, but also what we learned from from research.

407
01:23:19.330 --> 01:23:34.500
The that the whole population, the Fridays of futures like kind of in contrast of the last generation, the the Friday's refugee movement really tried to mobilize the whole population and also to

408
01:23:34.500 --> 01:23:37.950
to avoid polarization. And

409
01:23:38.510 --> 01:23:43.040
yeah, so it's not really proper to talk about generational conflicts

410
01:23:46.040 --> 01:24:11.329
and the young into the young activists we interviewed. they emphasize that there was a really easy access to the movement. So everyone is welcome to join the movie. You just go there. They all told us. You just go there, and you're part of it. You just go there to protest. You could just go there to a meeting, and you have a say, and you have a vote right away.

411
01:24:12.420 --> 01:24:15.779
And this, of course, also creates self

412
01:24:15.870 --> 01:24:26.600
efficacy. So the first contact, such as A has always described as a very positive, so easy access in Germany.

413
01:24:28.360 --> 01:24:33.650
and they also explained that they felt really empowered

414
01:24:33.840 --> 01:24:50.980
by being in a collective of like minded young people like not being a home and alone and being worried about climate change. But so they felt empowerment through being part of it. And

415
01:24:51.420 --> 01:25:00.890
but that was just one side. So now I will continue and talk more about self-efficacy.

416
01:25:01.290 --> 01:25:15.439
the because the experience of easy excess and the experience of collectivity was important. But if we want to know why they kept being engaged

417
01:25:15.440 --> 01:25:33.629
in. Why, why, they continued in Friday so future we looked. We also look into more political self-efficacy, and we found there is, you could say, 3 dimensions. how they perceive themselves as a private person

418
01:25:33.800 --> 01:25:38.900
activist, and the whole movement and

419
01:25:39.010 --> 01:25:52.899
the activist and movement can not so much really distinguished. It's I will talk about it more, and the start with a private person which are called here the narrative of individual responsibility and self-efficacy.

420
01:25:52.900 --> 01:26:04.599
and they all explained how they have, and also in detail how they've changed their personal lifestyle, not using a car, not not using flights

421
01:26:04.600 --> 01:26:29.600
ideally. No consumption at all. and of course you'd using the use of energy. And I also consider themselves as role models like they also see that they have may made already impact on friends of family, and by kinda some say, well, I don't want to force them, but I explain a lot.

422
01:26:29.600 --> 01:26:44.999
and I see there also a little changing the lifestyle. Some were more like my family has to, and it's not allowed to. I don't know by this in that anymore.

423
01:26:45.210 --> 01:27:03.799
But they see that they make an impact on the personal social network. And and in general, it's like the idea that there is also a lot of individual responsibility of every single person in the population to contribute

424
01:27:04.700 --> 01:27:08.399
to prevent climate change.

425
01:27:08.440 --> 01:27:13.010
But for making a bigger impact

426
01:27:13.230 --> 01:27:19.649
there seems there was a strong narrative that political measures are necessary.

427
01:27:19.900 --> 01:27:36.779
For example, here is one quote from a male activist from Germany, and he says. And I realized more and more that the individual individual approach, like everyone, just needs to. Let's use a card, and everything will be okay is total nonsense, and that we need large scale political measures.

428
01:27:39.230 --> 01:27:50.900
And this leads to the perceptions of self-effective efficiency as activists, and also the perception of the whole movement.

429
01:27:51.290 --> 01:27:56.840
and they tell us that they

430
01:27:56.950 --> 01:28:23.549
I think they made an impact on politics! First of all, through making it an important issue in politics and and they also see themselves responsible, like as activists, but also as the movement as a whole movement for the outcome of the national and regional elections. Also, for example, the Green party became the coalition partner in the Austrian government.

431
01:28:24.390 --> 01:28:43.549
and they also see themselves responsible. And kinda see it as their success. that the local local governments declared the climate emergency, which does not necessarily imply that there were really political measures, but like as a first step.

432
01:28:43.760 --> 01:28:48.930
and at the same time, they don't really cannot really name political.

433
01:28:49.010 --> 01:28:56.509
 yeah, specific actual measures, so much

434
01:28:56.610 --> 01:29:07.299
another side. That's really important as activists, and as the movement is that they think they really made an impact on the population.

435
01:29:07.600 --> 01:29:18.910
because it has. But climate change has become a public discourse, and they think that they can contribute and have contributed to raising awareness

436
01:29:18.920 --> 01:29:37.640
among the population. And they think that's really important, because only if there is awareness, political measures will be possible at all, because there won't be any laws when we're not likely. Not in the case of climate change if a population would be against

437
01:29:38.730 --> 01:29:55.309
 I don't talk about much of the limitations that they experience. They experience, of course, limitations when dealing with the politicians, but they also experience limitations.

438
01:29:55.940 --> 01:30:09.280
regarding the the raising awareness regarding raising awareness processes among the population. And here is what one activist told us.

439
01:30:09.510 --> 01:30:29.910
You're confronted with so much resistance when you deal with something like this, because everyone you ask, they say environmental protection is important to me. And if you then ask people, yes, and what and what do you do about it? Then they usually just say nothing, or they make something up to somehow silence their conscious

440
01:30:33.060 --> 01:30:33.920
yeah.

441
01:30:35.310 --> 01:30:54.139
what did they do about to increase their stretches for a self-efficacy. So one I already said, that is that they want to mobilize and include the whole population all generations, all political attitudes, from the left, right-wing scale.

442
01:30:54.140 --> 01:31:07.130
And I think I also refer to this already. They have, in contrast to the last generation. They have the employee non-radical activities.

443
01:31:07.300 --> 01:31:34.700
and don't have non-readical and do not have radical demands. I mentioned also easy access is also how they where, where it's quickly possible to feel empowered is also one of the strategies, and also, implying an optimistic attitude which has in previous research also been called a culture of hope.

444
01:31:36.380 --> 01:32:00.250
And here are my concluding, I have some conclusion. Conclusional remarks. But here are the concluding quotes in the past feral plenary session, we decided that we would introduce a new principle, namely, that we present ourselves positively in public and within the movement, because this is very, very important for all of us

445
01:32:00.250 --> 01:32:07.080
not to lose hope. That's why our protests are all very happy. We have cool music, we dance, we try to make it a little party.

446
01:32:07.460 --> 01:32:11.010
and climate change can be fun.

447
01:32:13.140 --> 01:32:19.979
So the conclusions political participation is that parents seem to contribute to political interest in general.

448
01:32:20.350 --> 01:32:27.990
and sometimes also to the interest specifically in climate change.

449
01:32:28.060 --> 01:32:31.770
So they're important for political interest.

450
01:32:31.970 --> 01:32:44.850
And what we see is that it's not a single person or a single event, but it's rather a development of a process that leads to a willingness to participate.

451
01:32:45.180 --> 01:32:59.440
and easy access to the movement is also very much contributing to to learn how to learn quickly that there to feel.

452
01:32:59.530 --> 01:33:13.149
to have self-efficacy and empowerment which is important, to continue to be engaged. And when? Yeah, because when they join, they immediately make these experiences.

453
01:33:13.490 --> 01:33:30.169
And regarding the the theory of actors of social change. we can, we can conclude that they do not really see them. They see them, on one hand, a little bit as kind of victims of the older generations.

454
01:33:30.190 --> 01:33:36.710
but very much also as agents, actors of social change.

455
01:33:36.770 --> 01:33:38.130
Thank you.

456
01:33:46.390 --> 01:33:47.930
Thank you. Sorry

457
01:33:49.050 --> 01:33:50.320
this is on, maybe.

458
01:33:57.620 --> 01:34:05.120
Thank you. So thank you very much. Natalia. are some questions.

459
01:34:05.430 --> 01:34:06.970
And

460
01:34:07.680 --> 01:34:12.170
your first.

461
01:34:12.310 --> 01:34:13.320
okay.

462
01:34:14.710 --> 01:34:20.930
thank you so much. My name is Milo K. You want to be here, because then we can also see everything.

463
01:34:21.230 --> 01:34:22.160
Not sure.

464
01:34:24.850 --> 01:34:47.699
I'm at the University of Newcastle. I'm studying class political participation for school student school strike members. So we've set share an awful lot of similarities and what we what we're studying. I guess a 2 pronged, I guess. Well, first of all, you identified what? Or you asked the question about the role of peers.

465
01:34:47.700 --> 01:34:55.340
I'm working on that right now. Eve Maze from Deakin has just published on this this

466
01:34:55.340 --> 01:35:12.319
in formal knowledge that's occurring inside the movement. She terms at radical learning. And it's not just a learning about activism. It's a. It's a education about politics and stuff like that which I found in my own work. So from that basis, I guess I wanted to ask you about 150,

467
01:35:12.470 --> 01:35:33.419
whether whether your respondents, whether you're focusing on effective and emotional connections to the movement like you identified the length of their engagement, you know. So do you think that there are effective and emotional things. And did that come out in the in the data? Thanks.

468
01:35:37.510 --> 01:35:40.620
Well, thank you for for

469
01:35:40.850 --> 01:35:46.960
telling me that there is an overlap in research. So we have to share more about it.

470
01:35:47.060 --> 01:35:50.650
yeah, I think that like

471
01:35:50.960 --> 01:35:54.060
 they

472
01:35:55.030 --> 01:36:10.040
we haven't so much asked for it. But it I would say that the effective perspective is is is really important. because they

473
01:36:11.660 --> 01:36:13.280
like just

474
01:36:14.020 --> 01:36:40.310
thinking of in an irrational way, that they explain a lot how much work it is, and it takes up all the free time, and they're still going to school and or enroll in university. And that. And they. It's it's like just working like every hour, every free time. And it's that it's all in there. There's also a lot of talk about frustration, because there's not. And that wasn't the first year.

475
01:36:40.310 --> 01:36:53.199
So because there is not so much success, political success really and But they were still like really strongly bonded with within the movement. And

476
01:36:53.200 --> 01:37:21.390
I think there's also a lot of emotional emotional support. And it was important. They also a lot of exchange for what we learned also in the participant observation at the at the camp that this was a big topic. we're we're becoming frustrated. So how do we deal with it? And and how to that? We are still, and also related to the happy attitude kinda that they said that they will emphasize. So I think, yeah.

477
01:37:21.990 --> 01:37:25.149
there is many emotional aspects

478
01:37:26.500 --> 01:37:28.209
that we also came across.

479
01:37:36.150 --> 01:37:54.340
well, in first place, thanks for this very appealing presentation of this works. this is actually, it's very to me. It's very interesting because I am conducting activism by older people. So this generational conflict is really interesting to me.

480
01:37:54.340 --> 01:38:08.619
perhaps we could talk later. so regarding the the role of parents which, of course, in the literature was established, that they? They have an a kind of an impact in their and younger people's political civilization.

481
01:38:08.630 --> 01:38:19.379
Did you find in some of your participants that their interest in political political issues.

482
01:38:19.430 --> 01:38:48.189
went into like a different direction. regards the political ideology, let's say of their parents, because usually what we would find and what we would expect is that they become more politicized and in alignment with their parents. Political? Ideology! But did you find among some of your participants that they became more interested in politics precisely because they hold different values, political values compared to their parents.

483
01:38:48.190 --> 01:39:01.419
and in this sense I guess their peers are really important in kind of reinforcing this different or this divergence from their parents. Actually, did you find this is interesting?

484
01:39:05.840 --> 01:39:29.769
thank you very much for this for this question, yeah, this is, this would be really, that would be really interesting. to. I mean, I can answer and know we didn't find it. But because there is not so much research explaining the role of parents compared to the role of peers. And I I did population myself. But that's a long time ago on

485
01:39:29.830 --> 01:39:52.569
that, and arguing that the parents are responsible for for creating interest, for that, the the young people create interest and develop interest, and then but the kind of engagement, and the the kind of what they really do, and the attitudes that they develop then might be different and are more dependent on peers

486
01:39:52.970 --> 01:39:56.480
depend more because we cannot really prove this or

487
01:39:56.510 --> 01:40:19.759
confirm this assumption with with this research. But I think it's really important for the future to address these questions for a future research to to rest this question and to see how it is related. It. It's not. Yeah. As I said, it's not like single events or single people, or this and that, friends. And and it's it's probably like the first. it's

488
01:40:19.810 --> 01:40:33.900
no doubt really important how the family is involved in politics or and how how, in which ways politics is a topic in the family, and then they go to school. I mean, there is.

489
01:40:33.900 --> 01:40:58.900
This might also be really relevant, and but if there is some political content in school, if you then become interested in it might might already depend on your parents and their family experience, and so on, which friends you have. So I think this is all interrelated. And this is also this also maybe answers your question, which you raised earlier. this, why we need biographical research. This we we cannot find out in questionnaires we can find

490
01:40:58.900 --> 01:41:04.839
we can find out a lot. But this would not be possible. So yeah.

491
01:41:05.130 --> 01:41:06.190
find out.

492
01:41:06.590 --> 01:41:33.309
Irini Siouti: Thank you. Thank you very much for this really interesting presentation. I have a question, about the families or about your sample and because it's class an issue. I mean, what? What, what, what kind of family backgrounds do they have? I have the fantasy that this middle class case with a high educated parents

493
01:41:33.450 --> 01:41:54.890
Irini Siouti: erez agmoni. And and do you maybe have also some contrastive cases, for example, kids from working class families, or with my migration background? yeah, is this an issue somehow, in the sense that this would be great to have, and for future research I would highly recommend doing this 150.

494
01:41:54.890 --> 01:42:12.329
But in our sample. We didn't really ask for social class, but they were all students enrolled in university or going to gymnasium, so we may assume regarding education.

495
01:42:12.950 --> 01:42:23.959
or using education. The educational enrollment is a measure. I would say it's yeah, there is no working class. We don't really have a working class

496
01:42:24.010 --> 01:42:48.520
sample. and which I mean, I have to say, this also kinda represents, the typical members and fighters for future. A very school there is German like from not from Austria, but German con quantitative for research. Also, in the first year of the movement, showing where they asked

497
01:42:48.600 --> 01:43:00.499
protesters about their education and so on. And it's clear that it's like a middle class and higher educated. Yeah.

498
01:43:00.540 --> 01:43:10.100
movement. So, and white movement where you know less people with my migration backgrounds.

499
01:43:10.510 --> 01:43:20.159
Yeah, yeah. Yeah. So this so kind of an excuse? Why, we only have. Why, we have a homogeneous sample.

500
01:43:20.510 --> 01:43:42.040
Irini Siouti: But I think this is a result from the field, that of the field as constituted in this way, I mean, you can try to find them and search for them. But by I remember in our first project on political participation. For example, we had also yeah, somehow, a bias, because we, we we had only interviews with high educated

501
01:43:42.280 --> 01:43:44.100
Irini Siouti: And this

502
01:43:44.700 --> 01:43:51.169
I mean, this is, of course, this is always a problem in research, because, it's always hard to

503
01:43:51.299 --> 01:43:55.959
yeah, it to avoid such a bias. Yeah, thank you.

504
01:43:59.770 --> 01:44:20.069
So we have only 5 min left, so I will give a the floor to Irrini. for maybe forgive. To give an answer to my questions about intersectionality, and also to make a concluding remark as a organizers of this session. Elini.

505
01:44:20.379 --> 01:44:35.029
Irini Siouti: yeah. Thank you. Yoga, yeah. to the intersectional issue. I mean, what I try to to show with my case is that When we do reconstructive research.

506
01:44:35.080 --> 01:44:46.980
Irini Siouti: We have the possibility to reconstruct how the different categories in different phases of the life history.

507
01:44:47.420 --> 01:44:57.560
Irini Siouti: are relevant. So I would say, this is the way, how I implement somehow this intersection perspective.

508
01:44:57.639 --> 01:45:24.189
Irini Siouti: but not in a way that I take it as a theoretical framework, and that I I look then to the interviews, because I think this is very difficult when you do a constructive analysis. But I'm not the expert in this field. The expert is Amina Kristina Oukon Angla, who is in the room, I assume, and maybe she would like also to add something on this

509
01:45:25.469 --> 01:45:26.600
just land

510
01:45:27.240 --> 01:45:43.249
erez Agmoni. Oh, okay, okay. So yeah, this is the way I'm I'm I'd do it. using the theoretical framework, but not using it in a way that I subsume the categories and look on this 150,

511
01:45:43.260 --> 01:45:53.080
Irini Siouti: and I think here is really an advantage in, in the, in the methodological way of reconstruction and sequential analysis.

512
01:45:54.879 --> 01:46:03.520
Irini Siouti: yeah, and I think maybe. I don't know. Maybe Alexandra wants also to add something on this.

513
01:46:04.350 --> 01:46:07.280
Irini Siouti: How she use it as a perspective.

514
01:46:10.070 --> 01:46:20.550
Alexandra Zavvou: Yes, I think I start from a Martha. let's say a more theoretical understanding of intersectionality. And then it's usually

515
01:46:20.730 --> 01:46:34.549
Alexandra Zavvou: let's say, more pro problem focus. In other words, I understand race is a more racialization as I'm interested in processes of racialization. Let's say, and

516
01:46:34.730 --> 01:46:49.110
Alexandra Zavvou: what how migrants are implicated in such processes so immediately the question necessitates that, you, you look at different

517
01:46:49.580 --> 01:47:00.480
Alexandra Zavvou: let's say, power issues or different ways that not the migrants are other or or

518
01:47:02.120 --> 01:47:03.990
Alexandra Zavvou: belittled, or

519
01:47:06.290 --> 01:47:14.290
Alexandra Zavvou: I use? I I I I specifically emphasize the issue of racialization because racialization.

520
01:47:14.470 --> 01:47:16.840
Alexandra Zavvou: and how shall I say?

521
01:47:17.100 --> 01:47:29.240
Alexandra Zavvou: Encapsulates also sexualized understandings of the of the other as well as class understandings. And so racialization kind of

522
01:47:29.560 --> 01:47:33.850
Alexandra Zavvou: if you're working with that in mind

523
01:47:34.230 --> 01:47:45.710
Alexandra Zavvou: with that as a question, it will bring up the other aspects of of difference in otherness. so

524
01:47:46.130 --> 01:47:52.740
Alexandra Zavvou: I wouldn't say that I have a particular methodology for doing it. It's more in the question

525
01:47:53.070 --> 01:47:54.440
Alexandra Zavvou: that I'm

526
01:47:55.300 --> 01:47:58.459
Alexandra Zavvou: thinking with and thinking through

527
01:47:59.300 --> 01:48:06.550
Alexandra Zavvou:  But the other thing I wanted to say is that I believe that different

528
01:48:06.950 --> 01:48:10.510
Alexandra Zavvou: sociological traditions and

529
01:48:10.600 --> 01:48:25.630
Alexandra Zavvou: different national. Let's say, sociologies have different let's say. understandings of intersectionality on, and also different.

530
01:48:26.020 --> 01:48:37.980
Alexandra Zavvou: Something habits around it. For example, in Greece you find that the intersection between gender and and class

531
01:48:39.320 --> 01:48:42.320
Alexandra Zavvou: is very strong.

532
01:48:43.170 --> 01:48:48.949
Alexandra Zavvou: There is a lot of research, historical, anthropological, I think, even sociological.

533
01:48:49.380 --> 01:48:55.329
Alexandra Zavvou: between gender and class. That's a very, in a way, it's a very known

534
01:48:55.390 --> 01:49:11.460
Alexandra Zavvou:  inquiring and and dynamic. there is much less, or even at all around, let's say, racing class or gender race in class.

535
01:49:12.180 --> 01:49:18.360
Alexandra Zavvou: and I think the answer to that has to do with how

536
01:49:18.380 --> 01:49:23.770
Alexandra Zavvou: you know, different sociological, national, sociological

537
01:49:24.050 --> 01:49:27.749
Alexandra Zavvou: traditions have emerged, and

538
01:49:28.780 --> 01:49:34.670
Alexandra Zavvou: you know what the kind of dominant theoretical frameworks are, etc.

539
01:49:34.880 --> 01:49:41.789
Alexandra Zavvou: So there is no, you know, from my point of view, there is not one set answer that the kind of you know

540
01:49:42.860 --> 01:49:44.529
Alexandra Zavvou: covers everything.

541
01:49:46.130 --> 01:50:03.680
Okay, thank you very much. Now we have to finish, because we have to give the room to the other. Session for another session so thank you very much, Natalia Erini and Alexander, for your very constructive presentations, and thank you very much, all of you, for the very interesting discussion.

542
01:50:04.040 --> 01:50:08.090
See you again. Thank you. Thank you.

543
01:50:08.230 --> 01:50:11.000
Thank you very much.