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Okay, I'm coming from

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the center for social Studies of the University of Queens and Portugal.

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It's a pleasure.

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Come again. Here.

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I met for the first time, Robert.

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I think

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15 or 16 years ago in Malmo.

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in a conference in Malmo. Okay. my topic of today's confident lasers.

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And

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okay.

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my topic starts by the context of the pandemic. and ran for

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other topics of leisure. It

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those weeks pregnancy, the confinement during the COVID-19 pandemic report, a strange sensation in which subjective time either accelerated or slowed down.

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as if in a fictional time capsule, where movements occur at an imaginable speeds, without the travelers being physically aware of the fact.

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This special temporal disconnect is paradoxical when we think about bodily, leisurely practice, because we have gotten used to perceiving them as the archetyp of movement and mobility. Some alternative forms of leisure adopt during this period is especially those involving remoting, exercise.

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views of simulated forms of physical activity or feeling. The sloveness of time with esports in the customary motor logic movement was replaced by an anxious stillness.

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On the one hand, the speed of virtual contact with others, whether people, objects, or symbols, suggest intensity. On the other hand, the paralyses, the paralysis of confinement, produce dejection. The filling of speed is no longer a feature of a fitter of the moving body. It has moved to the screams of TV sets, smartphones and computer monitors lack speed and shift to the visual manual. Anxiety of keywords.

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the fulfillment, the confinement, create, the conditions for the exacerbation of already existing existence.

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Existing tendencies which entered the various fields of life as an extended form of similar simulation and the E reality.

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This paper provides, following the details of a padurai, an analysis of the De-jean tour between the several dimensions of globalization, suggesting the notion of landscapes to underline the fluid and the irregular shape of the capital flow communication and lifestyles at a time of global mobility, mobility, and migration

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by emphasizing the globalization that globalization is intensively perceived according to and influenced by the historical, linguistic, and political context of the intervening players. The outward deliberately focuses on the imaginative worlds that help us constructing those landscapes.

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The pandemic I like to pets to leisure. The first

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is the immersion in epir reality that defines a material and mental condition of life, in which the distinction between the real thing and its imitation is Abolished.

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that was

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is geographic. The distance seems very familiar, and that which is geographically close creates the illusion of starchless.

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The alternative path is the growing demand for the dazzling space of the domesticated nature that were left out of the great confinement.

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We will analyze those pads using the analytic tools of our padre, the technoscopes and the ideal escapes

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the velocity as a metaphor. One way of telling the story of globalization is through the body experience evolving physical and sports activities in which players engage as tourists.

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It is a known fact that a wide tourist market has developed, associated with its sports, whether it may be the sports, pettackle sports, events of a global or no local nature or the fitness sports attracting an increasing number of tourists seeking for over borders, events of golf, surf, Windsor ski, skateboarding, sailings, cycling, running, iking, climbing, hunting, fishing, etc.,

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and by which means the individual subject is related

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from a psychological point of view, relates with the object total and yet socially straightforward reality of the place visited.

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The base conceptors. To reflect on this contradiction between terms will be the notion of cognitive maps. Cognitive maps are the sort of imaginary solutions found for real contradictions, responding to the need to cognitively unify a more and more fragmented daily life.

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On the one side.

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the challenge of locations and the movement implied by the touristic activity make us believe in unlimited physical freedom. On the other side, the physical experience on which this new, distant near geography was built. The experience of velocity has turned space into a narrow function of movement.

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We travel at the speed and cost of it inconceivable for our ancestors, motion and traveling. The rightly technologies allowed humans settling to shift further away from the crowd, crossing centers towards the peripheral areas, we have an increasing tendency

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to classify urban space depending on accessibility. As the urban space converts into a function of the movement, it also becomes less stimulating. The driver in the car, the flyer in the plane, or the passenger in the eye speed train only desires to cut across space, and there is no intention to have his attention caught

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by the surrounding environment.

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Increased. Life speeds a regular number of effects. The most obvious one concerns the amplification of our consciousness of simultaneity, especially remote processes, now come together together in our immediate involvement.

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considering, considering that the quality and the amount of options seem to expand, and, lastly, we tend to experience experience strong dissatisfaction, and have the feeling that we are always missing something.

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This enforce the notion of a perreality. One also the distinction between the real thing and its imitation, between signal and significance is simply eliminated.

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The consumer is presented with ever more comprehensive simulation technologies, holiday resorts that mimic and amplified the look and feel of the exotic closed space in cold regions, that mimic, luxuriant sits in in tropical beach.

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exotic areas, displaying references recognizable by the tourists from other continents, includes place amplified by means of simulated image, allowing us to play golf at the hotel, to play football in our own room, or to ride a bike in White's landscape without leaving the convenient resort. Facilities.

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telepresence, or color traveling present us with a reality that is strangely near and similar to our own creating. What Watari designates as generalized nomadies, in which all experience are mutually equivalent, as much as when travels are around the world.

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The touristic experience of traveling is also an experience of this connection from the surrounding space, as velocity prevents one from paying due attention to the natural and human landscape, adding, as a duplicated experience of, since we are deprivation.

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outdoor sports practice, play a role in this search for an identity able to develop new routes in a given territory and a given place.

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the surfer's quest for the perfect wave, the para-gliding lover's search for the most streetful place for sweeping flights, or the Icar's ambition to find a secret and exotic walking track is part of a symbolism simultaneously based on wandering and contemplative brightness.

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This is the context in which new cognitive maps are sought and constructing the violation of sport and leisure within the natural space. Cognitive maps, as privileges seem depend on the change of mobilities.

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Okay, how much time I have now? 5 min. Okay, thank you. The basic principles of competition sports no longer fit the new production and conceptual regime based on the use of the credit Card society, as we once knew it, organised on the assumptions of hardworking, lifelong employment, self discipline, the use of time and deferred satisfaction is definite.

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definitely gone. It has been replaced with the Consumer Society, where the notions of temporary, transitory, and the ephemeral are present in all the objects and all the

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conception, experience.

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the competition sports based on the article principles of hard work, struggle to overcome a deeply set crisis caused by their incapacity to attack and recruit the younger populations.

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Youngsters approached sport and leisure in much the same way as they will buy apparel snickers, and do nothing more than giving it a try and moving forward

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because of the growing penetration of individualism and consumerism. The classic collective organization of sport has faced countless obstacles in its efforts to diversify and and adapt

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nutrients in leisure. Now the S. 5 main trends can be identified in leisure with the okay, the ambiguous of those 2. To trends that identify Before elsewhere, and leisure associated with active practice and the new Asianism

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sports and cultural leisure patent in the return to traditional games, echo tourism, and ecological activities as a way of enjoying or preserving nature, risk activities through extreme or challenging activities, entertainment and pleasure, both

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for spat out of self

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expression, proposed, proposes, associated with animation and mixed events of mass culture and alternative bodies it uses.

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This is a new map of urban and outdoor leisure activities, both of them by only formality and proof, providing from the difficulties experienced by traditional sporting like that in New sportsman.

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Yeah.

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ever since the boom of Californian sliding sports, such as skateboarding in line, skating, and others, the imaginary of free time has been deeply a shaped and even the oldest outdoor activities, including jogging, climbing, a canoeing, or have endured a number of changes and originate new meets.

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Adventure challenging segment, vertigo, different appropriation of space seeds of belonging, such as close materials of footwear.

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They are values containing a certain dramatic, the intensity that is closely related with media corporate adventures and challenging achievements.

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Then I conclude with this remark the idea that the coffee, 19 pandemic time to our highs.

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those 2 terms more intensively, and I think the next year. We can assist this kind of conflict between those 2 trends. Thank you.

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Okay. okay, we can take away a few questions.

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And I just was to so give a comment

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that the new 5 forms of ledger which you

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spoke 5 homes? Yes, 5, 5. In that. That eco

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tourism

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ecosystem is one. Yes, yes, you have Elseport and leisure in tourism also all those those

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5 trends, because these kind of ledger, most of the kinds of ledgers they are producing

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some problems. You know, people are producing problems. The sea source, the seas full of dirt and garbage.

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though they are indulged into eco-tourism, they are not having any throughout the world, every country

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 just producing guardways, and ultimately, you know, killing, and many.

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Our regions should be extinct. what happens to that?

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If ecosystem is promoted, what happens to that? Are you getting my point? Yeah.

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that we are producing ultimately, global warming and climate change? This kind of, you know garbage. you know, during the the pandemic, during the great confinement, when we we analyze the kind of leisures, the kind of

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in confinement during the Vienna analyze of the problems of

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the ecological problems during the confinement. They go down because there are no use of the public space.

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There are no of cars. There are no of other things. When you look for China, for instance, there are a slowdown of the problems in the Ambient. Okay? And

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some people.

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some discourse of leisure, said that perhaps the confined levers.

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the imperiality in Leices will be the future also because of ecological problems of Ok.

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It's a reflection. I don't know if it is true, this kind of prognostic will be a real trend in the future, but it is interesting to look for the imperiality as perhaps a solution in the future of this kind of problems. It's like, Okay, we are at home. You are in the keyboard. We are looking for a

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leisure in simulated space, not in real space, but in simulated space. And they they say, Okay, perhaps it's a it's a solution.

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I don't know. It's a kind of prognosis that I can

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thank you anyone else.

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You want to speak something.

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Oh.

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yes,

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I think the big commercial winners in the pandemic lockdowns were

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the streaming

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businesses.

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There's a day

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crime or operating globally.

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and people were unable to go out

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for for entertainment automot sport.

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So people were saving money

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and spending a bet of it on Disney and crime.

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Do you know what extent in Portugal this has stuck post pandemic?

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Yes, I think it not only in Portugal, but in in in other European countries they are an effect of a long term effect of the pandemic

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in the leisure time.

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Nowadays we have no quest for the nature space outdoor space. But you in the end, people. They look for the dissimulated and confined lighters. I think it's

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the economic economy of attention, the economy of the key ports, the economy of the smart boards, the economy that we are

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always online. We are always online. It is the idea of the young leisure in Portugal, the last inquiry

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in part. Well, give us some data about that. The young people live in a simulated space during all day they look for the smartphone for gaming sports, and 4 or 5 h

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per day, 5, 5, 4, 5, 5 h per day Sometimes during the the working day. Okay, they can to. They can work. And the okay game during the also during the work the working time. Then I think it's a a big challenge

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to the, to the, to reflects about the the leisures in the in the future. In the European country. I think that is like a trend that it's

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thank you.

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when you talk about a mind later.

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But you'll see I'm caffeine leisure even. It is leading to an alleviation of the society.

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Yes.

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the idea.

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Okay, we. But we have also alienation in outdoor and in nature's space. The problem of alienation is not a typical problem of confined laborers is also a problem of in general terms, the problem of how the consumer is

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the globally globally influence. But if I understand properly.

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so, get read of the elimination is the requirement of legion

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to get rid of to avoid alienation. There is a necessity of laser. If I may be wrong, you may correct. This is what the problem is.

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Yes, yes, but the leisure is not the solution for the alienation. I think it's not because the alienation is inside, also inside of leisures, all lasers.

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all measures. It's not the the solution to me. Okay, we have to reflect about the alienation also inside the all the kind of leisure space and all the kinds of leisure times.

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It's my approach for the leisure is this kind of of approach that okay, in the in the 60 s.

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In the sixties for instance, Dumasda in the sixties. He. He makes also an approach about the alienations in the, in the all leisure times. It's not a specificity of the the leisures

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in like this kind of a reality.

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Coffin leisure, and the not coffin. Like traditional leisure. We have the same problems. We have the same problems to reflect about about them. I think it's my, it's my approach. Okay, this degree

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you are talking about the 5 maintenance. No, it is

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why you are not talked about that religious student, and it is related to later, although you have included the cultural nature, yes, in terms of games and in terms of

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other pursuits. But you have not directly included religious religion, and that is very, very important nowadays.

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With the meaning of

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this.

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Yes, I could follow. Okay for me, the, the, the the problem of traditional games, cultural lay retires and local physical culture we can into into this here. But I haven't. put here ex example, the collision of okay.

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because perhaps because I have an approach that is not religious to the social reality. I have a bias with that. Of course I have.

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I recognize that. But I can include, of course, in the in cultural leisure and cultural to reason, not like a a kind of a different category. But inside this category, okay, it's my, my, it's my view. Okay, okay, thank you. Thank you very much.

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Jack Melton. And please.

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how to make it? Yeah.

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that

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you you can do it. But how do I make it my Powerpoint.

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Yes. Next.

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yeah, he's here. Okay.

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wait.

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Awesome. Okay? So hey, my name is Jeff Milton. I'm presenting on my paper. Yeah, yeah, I'm presenting it on my paper. Let's go change researching Indie fan perceptions of live music cancellations due to the COVID-19 pandemic. I'm from the University of Melbourne and this This research came from the wider Phd. Research on the supervision of Lauren rose one and Senior Raven at the University of Melbourne.

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I would like to start with an acknowledgment of country. I want to be here by acknowledging the traditional owners of the land which we're meeting today, or run through people with the cooler nation, and pay my respect to their oldest past and present sovereignty, was never seated

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so like during the COVID-19 pandemic and the global lockdown and restrictions I followed. One of the most heavily affected sectors was live music with events cancelled on the heavy restrictions in 2,020.

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Therefore I wanted to explore the impact of the lockdowns, quarantine measures, and restrictions on the leisure habits of Indie fans. Some of the most passionate and consistent concerts. This research takes a generalized global look at the Indian music landscape through the lens of a reddit forum, with the forum largely coalescing around some of the bigger names of Indie think acts like Phoebe Bridges, LCD. Sound system, or the strokes

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so quick definition of Indie here from Indy music's call it Matthew Bannister.

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Indie, is a post-punk subgenre of independent or alternative rock featuring mainly white male groups playing mainly electric guitars based in drums to primarily want male audiences recording mainly for independent labels being disseminated at least initially, through attentive media networks and displaying a countercultural ethos of resistance to the market. This definition is a bit outdated, but it works for our purpose today.

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so the question I asked in this research was, how are fans of indie music affected by the cancellations of live music. During the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic. With this question I explored live music cancellations from the perspectives of Indie fans who had their indie, their live music plans, or routines cancelled by lockdowns and gathering restrictions with a key focus on how these fans directed their passion for music without live events.

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and where the live streamed events were seen as a viable or suitable alternative. This sector will added the literature on live Music and COVID-19 as well as the changes in major activity during the period.

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So over the 20 first century live, music has become more financially significant for musicians compared to recorded music as piracy and streaming have devalued recorded music, shifting the economic role of singles and albums to generating publicity for tours and merchandise sales. This is especially true for our bigger names of Indie that the Forum focuses on as once a band or artist starts gaining a popularity. Then live music becomes the way they make a living off their music.

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as the lockdowns and restrictions called widespread festival gig and tour cancellations. This severely threatened the livelihood of musicians who are missing out on the way in which music is actually profitable.

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And it's important to know fans are well aware that this is the case, and, as you will see in the results, felt a responsibility to musicians to help get them through the COVID-19 pandemic.

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but want in slide music to fans for our bigger indie acts. It facilitates effective spaces and enjoyable experiences.

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Live music is an essential part of the fan experience, and allows fans to access music in the here and now creating effective spaces where they can engage with the artists as part of the audience.

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This is compounded by the presence of their fellow concert goers. The experience of seeing an artist live with people who enjoy the same music is extremely important to audience. Members attending live music events. And this experience is what fans lost during

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during Covid.

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So, to explore the fan perception of concert cancellations, I scraped all posts and comments made on one Indian music celebrator over the first 4 months of concert cancellations due to the pandemic. This is from the end of end of February 2020 to the end of June 20.

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scraping reddit data was chosen for a number of reasons. It allowed me to explore a large data set easily. It's covid-proof red. It contains a lot of long-form discussion and debate that can illuminate scene values, and it has an outfit and down vote system. So I can see how people reacted to certain statements or ideas.

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as this emerged from my Phd research, I had an added familiarity with the values and structure of the Forum that facilitated the data analysis. In order to gather the data, I use the push-shift database of read a comment of posts and then reconstruct the data, using SQL into an easily readable redesque format.

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From here I analyze the chosen events on the Forum itself to the application of ethnographic discourse, analysis, ethnographic discourse, analysis, the method that draws from the interpretive ethnography of Cliff. It gets with the goal of producing thick descriptions of the conceptual world of the group being studied. Ethnographic discourse analysis was used to analyze how the users define debate and frame ideas about COVID-19 and live music. They each thread. I analyze Ps. And comments on what they said, what language they used to say, and how any statement was taken by the community.

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This analysis draws upon threads that were specifically about live music, and all over 19 as well as the on topic. Music thread posted every day, and the off topic discussion thread posted 3 times a week, which provided a consistent stream of community activity, and resulted in the analysis of 60,000 comments

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following my ethnographic discourse analysis, the following results are found. Livestreams were seen as something to look forward to, and a pleasant alternative, but did not meaningfully replace the life, using experience.

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How, moreover, live streams had nowhere near the presence within the lives of indie fans that live music did and was never seen as an adequate replacement for live music with fans consistently wishing for the return of live events.

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Furthermore, all live streams were occasionally ticketed or enabled donations to artists in your fans were mixed on spending money on live streams, and were more interested in supporting artists through purchasing physical or digital goods, especially on Bear Camp Friday.

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so the reactions to live. Streams were generally positive. People were excited to watch them or catch up on them if they couldn't see them live, and had very positive opinions on the ones they did watch, as seen in these quotes from the data.

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It's when you have only had a chance to watch about 20 min of this, but it's genuinely maybe, the happiest of being all week on stream by the tallest man of earth and then give it stream, was really present. It's sweet of him to do. It's a weird time, and having artists won't to do. This is such a tree which is on a straight line.

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What people enjoyed the most about these live streams was a sense of community, and belonging, that was found from the often relaxed and intimate setups that these live streams were conducted in This finding reflects what Long Soccer League and Grace Cow found when researching Tim Burgess's twitter, listening parties that he conducted through the pandemic, which were also participated in and enjoyed by members of the Forum.

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just as in their findings, audience participation, which in live streams is through chat functions, feelings of nostalgia from hearing familiar favorites when novel covers and a sense of community with artists and the audience members were the main drawers for Indie fans to watch live streams.

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we know from research conducted by Janice Tank and her colleagues that the consumption of live stream music went up by 34% during the pandemic, which, of course, makes sense because it was more significant to the music industry doing the lockdowns. However, my research found that it never reached the level of importance that live music did within the lives of indie fans.

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Prior to COVID-19 live music was a central pillow music discussion. It would appear all over both the music and non-music discussion threats, as well as lead to some of the highest engagement content. When tours or festival line-ups were announced, or at starter Covid cancelled.

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however, live streaming never got anywhere near this level of saturation, with threads about livestreams receiving much lower engagement and the appearance of livestream discussion in the recurring discussion threats a relative rarity.

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During this time the Forum did not drop in activity in the recurring threads, but the space and the Forums discourse that was once dedicated to live music largely did not go to live. Streams, instead, being spread among other musical interests like record and music, buying physical music, media, or merchandise, watching old live concerts or bootlegs, watching music, documentaries, reading books about music, etc.

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Therefore live streaming was never essential to the lives of indie fans as live music was.

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and of course there was a large amount of pining after the return of live music, as we can see in these quotes here. So the top one simple I miss go into concerts. And the response, me, too. It's not infrequently I feel that the only thing I live for, and this larger one

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God damn! I miss concert so much already I have plans to see against me. Anti-flag circus survive porches, tiny moving parts about Ferrari, and deeper over a 9 day stretch. The virtual streams. Just aren't doing it for me. Concerts are about being in a room with a bunch of people who appreciate the same music and dancing, washing, singing together, about meeting like mined people with having a beer together. I

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fully accept that the next 18 months of my life that we lived in isolation, and that the necessary means to save as many lives as possible. But I've just got to say that concepts are what I'm missing the most right now. as we could see. Not only was live music, essential presence in the lives of these any fans where I offered a social and musical experience that was not being replicated or meaningfully replaced by livestream music.

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additionally, while live music would still appear frequently in the off topic. Discussion threads these threads, and nearly no discussion of live streaming and a lot of discussion of people's non music, non musical quarantine, coping habits, TV movies, hobbies, etc. Where live music was an activity that had a social and experiential component one that was worth spending, sometimes significant amount of money on live streamed. Music was just one of the many things someone stuck inside their house could do to pass the time, and was lacking as a social and experiential outlet.

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Live streaming then, was always seen as a temporary measure for indie fans who were in need of the community support during uncertain times, while always looking forward to the return of live music.

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it alluded to earlier fans, felt they had a responsibility to support the arts that provide them so much joy during the time when they could not tour, especially as the current economics of streaming does not put much money in their pockets.

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live shows are the crucial backbone of any independent artist's finances. They, in a minuscule amount of money from people streaming their music. It's another quick for the data.

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however, when it came to paying money for access to livestreams for the lor of jeopardation.

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the majority of livestream solo performances or livestream festivals were free with the ability to donate to others, playing other times like in the Minecraft-based Festival's Nether Mental Square Garden, you could pay $5 for vip access, which meant being able to run around with the bands in Mycraft Water set plate.

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These monetization strategies were occasionally mentioned, and when they were done it was done so positively, however outright charging for access, had a much more mixed response. As we can see here, which contextually is about a live stream. Show. The artist Japanese breakfast put on to raise money for her touring crew.

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So how do you guys feel about the Japanese breakfast stream yesterday? That was $20 the concept, I mean. On the one hand, it's really great and amable for her to support her crew, but on the other, $20 for a stream show seems steep, and the response it does seem steep. I think the intent is to treat it as a minimum donation, since it's hard to imagine it's worth that much to fans

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On the other hand, indie fans were generous when it came to spending money on physical and digital media and banned merchandise typically through going on while shopping sprees on band-camp Fridays, Bandcam, Friday was a series of events where band camp A, then independent digital storefront for music would wave their cut of revenue from sales and on their platform, and give everything directly to artists. On the first Friday of every month.

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feedback from Vancouver Friday was overwhelmingly positive, as seeing in the following quotes, calling, Bank have a national treasure, and the only music platform worth an F in dam

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Furthermore, it became an activity in itself to ask for recommendations for things to buy a bank account. Friday, the share list of purchases, and to point towards bans and need to support.

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This Direct's former support was much more appealing to indie fans than paying for livestream access.

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Therefore, fans shifted their spending habits from live music to purchasing music and merchandise, and used this form of consumerism as both a form of pro-indivant activism and a form of entertainment during periods of isolation or lockdown.

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In conclusion, indie fans had their lives adopted by the pandemic that took away one of their most valued activities and experiences, and while they were happy to have an alternative. They always saw as a lesser product and a temporary solution.

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In addition, they felt a responsibility to the people who make art that they love and turn to ban K as a way to support musicians.

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So

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that's it. Thank you very much

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to.

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Yeah, thank you very much. And it's open for discussion. Anyone? Yeah.

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Then, when you have been talking about one aspect of it, and that is the dynamic and stuff

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living in the.

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And there have been experiments by some of the musicians, and in that

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from different parts of the please coming together the same time and performing a online. Yeah.

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And also they have been asking for the money for the

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I don't know whether you are aware of this. Yeah. Yeah. So you know. So, in other words, because of the endemic, there is a new form of music which has just come up and lively. Yeah.

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I could. Yeah, completely agree which which so so like

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the thing with that. So there's 2 things with that. First of all.

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I think that

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it offered a lot of really good stuff that people did enjoy. And people have been around. But fundamentally.

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at least in my this kind of saying, this kind of world people are like, oh, that's neat. Can't wait to go to a show again

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like it had like. An experience of being like.

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you know. I like people coming together in a hard time creating something new. But nobody was like, I'm excited for this to be the way culture goes. Yeah, you did it. The situation was a different kind, you know. So those people who

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now to attend music I had the opportunity, I mean, of course, it was not the way it was earlier, but they had an opportunity to have this kind of a in some of the things. So which they are not mentioned, I suppose.

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Yeah, I I think, like especially because there's research done by like by also by one took lay in Grace Cow about Bts and someone themselves. They did, which was very like big and impactful for their fans, and like livestream music, and that.

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But, generally speaking.

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I think those kind of things in this kind of world because of the the super high premium they place on live music was ultimately like underappreciated, I guess, or undervalued, or not considered to be worth

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the same level of discussion. Or. yeah, I guess

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I think this is one of the few presentations where actually showing in the music

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find the body waves that are different, that lend itself to maybe a maybe a unique relationship between a man

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and the performer during the pandemic. But you mentioned the you know, I mean, it was an opportunity for

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and to sing ballads livestream, then they kind of understand more intimately than the performer, or that you may not matter in this kind of music?

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so just

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yeah, this is a unique music form that lend itself to.

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I think the outcome is.

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yeah, absolutely. I didn't get tired of going to it at all, but, like all of independent music. it fundamentally bases its concept of authenticity on live reproduction of music

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is a super central part of like how the genre was formed, what it means spontaneity, liveness, almost even amateurism even All like core components, the authenticity of ending That in turn means that until you get up on stage and prove it you you're not really a real band. It's kind of in these kind of thoughts. And it's kind of flexing. It's kind of like, it's kind of like what it is.

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So yeah, this definitely is like.

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what?

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what was it going to say.

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yes, this. These kind of results are exactly in tune with the kind of saying that it's coming out of.

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Yeah. You want to say something. Yeah.

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Yeah. So that was very informative.

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completely unfamiliar with this scene.

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I guess the music industry never found a way to get people to pay

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the town don't do the stuff. Yeah. Yeah. Well, yeah.

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And I was comparing this with sport. And

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can you get top sports free personally.

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can I want, so can you get top sport? 3.

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No, I guess not.

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You should. You can't you? I can't. If you're crafting you, do

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I? I don't, I

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not my son in law? He he gets it free.

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He's got what they call a duggle. Yeah, if you are there, the other you get. You get that off the Internet and you and you you get it free. Now, I found I've found this very interesting, because it obviously

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possible you got to

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to get it free in the industry. It's unable to do anything about this. No, I think it's hard to shut down.

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On the other hand, I can see that with

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music

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being there at a concert in a group, it's entirely different from

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I'm listening to it watching it at home.

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you 2 posts. Yeah, yeah.

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worse

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sport.

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I mean, I think you can still get some. You know I'm not. I'm not sure they they.

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the remote audience, is bigger than the much bigger than the live audience.

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Now the industry does does still depend upon the live audience and paying spectators.

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But it's just a different experience watching it at home. In some ways

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it's superior. because you've got more

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Tudor ankles and repeats in this kind kind of stuff. On the other hand.

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people did not miss.

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Yeah a lot. Yeah. I mean, when, when when locked out first struck. I remember the Friday because I was going to go to go and watch him, not football much the next day, or suddenly it's gone, and it's not only gone. The next day it's gone indefinitely.

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But then

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they decided to put all the nutrients on television. Oh, you have to have the for walk out in England the whole whole of the Premier League. Yeah, not that I show the 3 Pm. Match. Yeah.

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So I didn't just find it interesting. And then basically.

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top sport has found a way in which it can get people to pay to go to the game

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and become part of the attraction for the remote audience.

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Yeah, yeah. At the same time, people will pay.

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So they

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televised, streamed our street stream service.

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It's fascinating of music sport.

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Yeah, there is contrast, you know, like Coachella, like the big music festival. It's like the biggest one basically so they live stream all their sense. And that does get actually a big audience. So that could have a similar relationship. But that's free. Because people kind of won't pay for it.

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 I don't think people value the liveness in live music the same way. I don't know like for you. You want to see your results. You want to see something at the end, right like at the end of the day. If I watch a radio headset right now already headset from 2,006.

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I'm still just watching a band play songs on my laptop. I think it lacks the same level of like spontaneous

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existence. That kind of like

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make sport valuable in here and now.

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Okay, okay, that was 2.

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Oh.

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I have to stuck to the Ega

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1,000 different forums that you can join with one account. Essentially. So it's just one forum out of those thousands.

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It's like, what subculture? Yeah, it's one distinct online with all the your mom.

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Yeah, anyone else? Oh, call it. Thank you very much. Thank you for repair. So Indie is not in indigenous, isn't it? Not indigenous, also independent. Okay, okay, yeah, this is your Phd research. Okay.

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yeah, they're no down.

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Okay, thank you very much. And the third one is Cax in you.

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I pronounce it correctly, kicks in you from China.

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Which University International Christian University

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in Japan.

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This is Japan International Christian University in Japan. But you are from China. Yeah, I'm originally from China by studying this university in Japan and got a Master's degree there.

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Oh, Krish, in no city Japan. Which which city? Tokyo. Thank you.

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Yeah.

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Japan.

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And

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okay, Good morning. Everyone. thank you so much for coming. I'm catching you from International Christian University, Tokyo, Japan. Well, I'm very excited to be here, because this is the first time for me to be in an academic conference.

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thank you very much for coming. And also this is really my great pleasure pleasure for sharing my research with all of you. So the topic of my study is how people cope with their life under the COVID-19 pandemic, the role of watching Youtube consumer-generated advertising videos as a leisure activity.

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So as we all know that leisure is taking an indispensable role in fulfilling our essential social needs in our daily lives. But, however, in the past few years, the COVID-19 pandemic just dramatically influenced our leisure activities. So one of the most significant impact on leisure from Covid is that, like most of our leisure, like shifted to online environment, except especially social media platforms

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and the Internet and social media. They prove themselves to be flexible and strong enough to help people in dealing with like their difficulties and challenges. in this COVID-19 pandemic period with diverse content, cutting age tools, and the latest resources, and also the previous studies, have already indicated that leisure and social media use.

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can be like copying resources and strategies for people like. During a very hard time, however, the later later activities in the form of social media use. And how leader can influence people in a situational context and how this led activity itself

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can be influenced. in a like in A, for example, in the COVID-19 pandemic is this like this, areas are still kind of like understuded. So my study is trying to do some exploration in this vacuum space.

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So among all the major activities on social media, this study took people watching a type of video called consumer-generated advertising on Youtube as a window for investigation. So please for first, let me introduce a little bit about what is customer-generated advertising.

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well, with the event of Web 2, the brands and companies, they turn to online environment for their advertising and promotion.

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So targeting the user-generated content on social media

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brands made it into a content called consumer-generated advertising through different types of sponsorship.

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The operational definition in this study of Cga is company, sponsored, user-generated advertising produced and distributed by influencers on social media.

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It has to be mentioned that during the COVID-19 pandemic there was a surge of online marketing, including the use of consumer-generated advertising.

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So this Cj content have been proved that it is

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very effective in influencing consumers and has been adopted as a very important social media marketing strategies for a long time, and Youtube is serving as the most important and the biggest platforms for these Cgas in the form in the format of video.

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So this kind of videos can be observed in wide range of Youtube channels. And they have, like a big power like in influencing audiences, purchase behaviors and Burnett to

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regarding the whole research.

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This study applied uses and gratifications as the theoretical framework. So the theory basically provided a perspective that people have the initiative in selecting media to satisfy their field need false needs. And this behavior is functional and has consequences for individuals and societies.

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Meanwhile people's communication activity is socially and psychologically, psychologically constrained and affected by individual differences in choice.

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 Last, but not least, motivation and involvement are 2 central variables in this theory as well as industry. Search for examination. These 2 variables affect whether someone might select and attend to a message, and whether a message has the opportunity to affect people

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well before the risk of crutches. But for the research questions I would like to add a little bit of why I chose these kind of videos

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as the window for investigation. I feel like people watching this on Youtube is kind of an intersection of leisure activity. And also the so a purposeful social media use. So I feel like this kind of be more beneficial for a better understanding how leisure was working as a copying mechanisms during this time in helping people with their lives.

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So there are basically 5 research questions in this studies of it. Too much. I know. research question one, what social needs did people seek and be satisfied by watching Youtube's Cga videos under the COVID-19 pandemic question? 2. What actions did people take to involve themselves in Youtube. Cg. Video watching during the COVID-19 pandemic

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research question 3. How this leisure behavior was perceived to be influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspective of people's social need, satisfaction and involving behavior in it.

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So next.

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how watching Youtube, Cg videos influence people's brain attitude and purchasing tension during the pandemic.

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And the last question is, what is the relationship between between the variable from research question one and 2, which is people's social need, satisfaction plus involvement behaviors in this leisure, activity and the outcome variable in research. Question. 4. Which is the influence on their brand attitude and purchasing tension.

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So the data was collected through 15 in-depth interviews with formal and 11 female individuals who were college students during the COVID-19 pandemic, and they were all studied in the countries which severely impacted by the pandemic. For example, Japan, China, Canada, South Korea, the Uk, the Us. France, and Bulgaria.

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all my participants are Asian, and also for increase the validity of the data they were all selected through. I some filter. But future questions. So all my participants there are Youtube Cj videos for one to 11 years. And they watch decision videos on Youtube as at least twice a week before and after the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic.

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So the data data was collected from a

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from December 2020 to February 2,021.

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So here are your other findings. from research question one which is about social needs. They're from the data I collected, there are 9 social need results. And satisfied by watching Youtube suggests during the COVID-19 pandemic. So let's have a look of more problem, because

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using copying first I think it's very interesting for me that I learned from people that they take watching Youtube, Cg videos as an offline shopping substitute, because during the pandemic there are lots of shopping malls closed and lots of products were not allowed to test out in person out of the safety reason.

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So, people were watching these kind of videos

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like watching this kind of videos, really.

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help people in learning about products and help them find back some lost joy of their offline shopping experience because the Youtube is going to give a good presentation of the products. And then they're going to test out in person in a video for people.

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Well, second, this videos has been regarded as

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a very good tool for collecting product-related information and the

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guiding their online shopping during the COVID-19 pandemic

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also. my interview is shared with me that they really take the COVID-19 pandemic as a golden time for learning knowledges which they always be interested in. But they didn't have time to dig up to learn more about it. So they also take Youtube Cg videos as a great platform for learning educational knowledge because some sponsored

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content, they really want you to pay for their further educational content. So they prefer to

324
00:58:16.340 --> 00:58:27.069
prefer giving some like high quality knowledge in their videos as well. Not at least, such a videos has been regarded as a very good

325
00:58:27.310 --> 00:58:31.699
on platforms for entertainment for my

326
00:58:31.840 --> 00:58:33.860
interviews in this research

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00:58:33.960 --> 00:58:38.129
some more social focus needs and copying.

328
00:58:39.520 --> 00:59:04.689
First of all, like after COVID-19, because of all the social distance measures and the lockdown people are really eager to find some like social interactions and social connections. So this is a very big function of Youtube signing videos for audiences during this time, which is social interaction, social connection, including the affection and attachment on the content. Creators.

329
00:59:05.840 --> 00:59:07.000
Also.

330
00:59:07.330 --> 00:59:11.069
through this type of videos, people were trying to

331
00:59:11.220 --> 00:59:15.310
escape from their real life. They, trying to kill some time

332
00:59:15.430 --> 00:59:22.660
find some companionship and of being comforted from some negative emotions.

333
00:59:22.670 --> 00:59:26.669
So research Question 2 was about the involvement behaviors.

334
00:59:28.100 --> 00:59:30.289
during the COVID-19 pandemic

335
00:59:30.490 --> 00:59:35.879
audiences were trying to let themselves be involved and participate

336
00:59:35.930 --> 00:59:39.549
in this video, watching through clicking the like button.

337
00:59:39.680 --> 00:59:51.140
saving the video, reading comments and sharing and ensuring the video contents with others both online and offline. However, in this social media leisure, activity out of the conserved privacy

338
00:59:51.300 --> 00:59:55.170
people seldom write and leave comments for the video

339
00:59:55.200 --> 00:59:57.150
which they watched on Youtube.

340
00:59:59.190 --> 01:00:03.910
So research Question 3 was doing some investigations

341
01:00:04.700 --> 01:00:09.699
about covid influences on this legal activity from the perspective of

342
01:00:10.050 --> 01:00:21.609
 social needs satisfaction and involvement behaviors. So first, let's have a look of the relationship between COVID-19 influences and the social needsets affection.

343
01:00:22.320 --> 01:00:49.680
Yeah, from the sorry, from the perspective of social need, sensitive action. So from the data it has been reviewed that the degree of each social needs people felt and wanted to be satisfied by watching Youtube. Cg. Videos can be mediated by their moods, lifestyle changes, and the severity of pandemic situation, and has also been found that offline shopping substitute in entertainment, learning, escaping, comforting, and passing time were

344
01:00:50.000 --> 01:00:55.760
being required to being required for people to seek.

345
01:00:55.900 --> 01:00:57.550
and satisfied

346
01:00:57.560 --> 01:01:01.460
in a higher degree. After the outbreak of COVID-19.

347
01:01:02.980 --> 01:01:24.149
Also, people started to turn to these videos for social interaction interaction only after the outbreak of the pandemic. So basically, social interaction can be perceived from knowing other people's lives, from the video reading comments and the filling of community created by Cg videos in where audiences they share the same interest in some like products or hobbies.

348
01:01:26.480 --> 01:01:42.269
So regarding to COVID-19 influences on this leisure activity from the perspective of involvement behaviors compared to pre-covid periods. The type of involvement behaviors examined in this research was basically the same.

349
01:01:42.580 --> 01:01:55.879
However, people click like button button more for the video out of the cell phones to the video creators. They also spent more time on reading comment for seeking a feeling of human interaction after the outbreak of Covid.

350
01:01:56.510 --> 01:02:00.360
So Research Question 4 was exploring

351
01:02:00.640 --> 01:02:01.820
how this

352
01:02:02.140 --> 01:02:19.490
studio videos watching influenced people sprint at you and purchasing attention in COVID-19 pandemic. So about the brand attribute size, both positive and active friend attitude caused by watching Youtube. Cj. Videos was reported and I listed some house of

353
01:02:19.970 --> 01:02:25.660
you come up and I'm going to be the challenges. I share some of the concepts.

354
01:02:27.090 --> 01:02:32.109
I thought that some perceived the real life

355
01:02:32.900 --> 01:02:46.080
in influencing people's bread, also credit also that pursuits, company handlers, and genuine information and and and but but Color information also. The shafts and affection on Youtube are also very effective

356
01:02:46.520 --> 01:02:51.219
in developing this positive brand attitude for audiences.

357
01:02:52.550 --> 01:03:01.780
So in terms of the purchasing tension, each of Cj videos could effect so effectively lead to people's purchasing tension during the COVID-19 pandemic

358
01:03:01.850 --> 01:03:07.050
also purchasing tension was easier to relate to on less expensive products.

359
01:03:07.990 --> 01:03:19.110
However, this intention was likely to be lead to, for people who hold strong personal judgment on products, and who for person who have like straight plan for spending money?

360
01:03:20.370 --> 01:03:22.570
So this is the last research question.

361
01:03:22.610 --> 01:03:40.610
This question was trying to explore the relationship between 2 variables exam, which is meat, satisfaction, and involvement. and the outcome which spread attitude and purchased attention. So, but the relationship between so social meat, satisfaction

362
01:03:40.950 --> 01:03:48.050
and the outcome. I thought that problem focused satisfaction were being much more reported to be effective

363
01:03:48.130 --> 01:03:59.749
in influencing people's brain. Active and purchasing tension. Then emotional focused satisfaction. However, it doesn't mean that emotion focused. Satisfaction is weak in influencing people.

364
01:04:00.080 --> 01:04:17.790
because sometimes they can work independently and powerfully in generating influences. For example, like my interview, he shared with me that when they really like A Youtuber, they just, they just want to get exactly the same thing that Youtuber is using or introducing in the Youtube

365
01:04:17.840 --> 01:04:18.950
videos.

366
01:04:19.850 --> 01:04:27.100
But in this, but in front of this all this influences, people still hold their own judgment and control

367
01:04:27.450 --> 01:04:30.330
when they are watching this kind of videos.

368
01:04:31.890 --> 01:04:40.560
So regarding to involvements and this outcomes. there is no significant influence.

369
01:04:40.660 --> 01:04:48.150
unbrain attitude and persisting tension developing from involvement behaviors perceived and reported in this research.

370
01:04:48.950 --> 01:05:04.520
So besides this, 2 variables we just mentioned about Taking into consideration of the the bit, the big environment and the context of COVID-19 people's emotions towards online shopping in general during the COVID-19

371
01:05:04.610 --> 01:05:14.889
also contributed in influencing their brand attitude and purchasing tension, because, according to my interviewees, they said that they are doing more online shopping, and they rely more on shopping. This way

372
01:05:15.970 --> 01:05:27.859
also people told me that they shop more for comforting themselves, for for the hope of back to normal life and releasing stress and other emotions.

373
01:05:29.640 --> 01:05:43.669
So there are some implications of these studies. First of all, this study contribute to literature in understanding leisure activities on social media as copy mechanism in a situational context, and also by applying a communication theory.

374
01:05:44.700 --> 01:05:59.939
This research kind of can offer some new ideas of understanding leisure from a different perspectives like and gets Another picture of leisure activities. In institutional context.

375
01:06:00.250 --> 01:06:10.469
Also, this research expands some existing literature on using red figures. 3. By adding some new scales of cultivation.

376
01:06:10.800 --> 01:06:12.799
social media use motivation.

377
01:06:14.070 --> 01:06:29.049
Last one at least. This study kind of provided some practical and long-term implications for brands who want to adopt Cga videos as a marketing strategy because it has been proved that people are going to keep their habits in online shopping.

378
01:06:29.130 --> 01:06:33.620
which develop during the COVID-19 pandemic even in the future, for a long term.

379
01:06:33.880 --> 01:06:36.069
So that's all. Thank you very much.

380
01:06:37.110 --> 01:06:42.560
Good. Now, thank you very much. Captain sits open for decision. Any one

381
01:06:45.370 --> 01:06:48.390
about the this.

382
01:06:51.800 --> 01:06:56.109
thank you. I'll do the

383
01:06:56.740 --> 01:07:00.670
there is an announcement of We give you the economy.

384
01:07:01.780 --> 01:07:03.969
he, the economy has been an advantage.

385
01:07:04.320 --> 01:07:07.500
you understand? Geek! I know

386
01:07:07.670 --> 01:07:09.390
I'm going to get you

387
01:07:10.690 --> 01:07:12.280
very well.

388
01:07:12.540 --> 01:07:17.389
Very many people are asking for home.

389
01:07:17.940 --> 01:07:21.259
and therefore there has been more of

390
01:07:22.630 --> 01:07:25.940
and to be accident, and

391
01:07:26.010 --> 01:07:33.909
because one of the effects of dynamic is that second aspect of this.

392
01:07:34.270 --> 01:07:35.490
and

393
01:07:35.800 --> 01:07:37.610
on the

394
01:07:38.330 --> 01:07:45.929
it has become more popular in terms of alternative engagement for people to

395
01:07:46.170 --> 01:07:48.280
to what

396
01:07:53.190 --> 01:07:55.310
I mean but

397
01:07:55.830 --> 01:08:02.899
you have to go there. It is being recorded.

398
01:08:03.750 --> 01:08:23.149
First question is gig economy. Small small things have happened. People have earned through Youtube.

399
01:08:23.270 --> 01:08:25.779
They are working on Uber

400
01:08:25.850 --> 01:08:30.620
or some actually services. They are working on these kind of things.

401
01:08:31.080 --> 01:08:32.709
So what you take on that

402
01:08:35.450 --> 01:08:47.749
I'm sorry I can't. Sorry you too influenced, that is that, or those part-time jobs. What is the come to the second 1 s one? You have understood

403
01:08:47.780 --> 01:08:51.400
second one. I'm sorry because you're pleased. I can't quote a little bit of

404
01:09:18.630 --> 01:09:30.129
it's talking about unstart native engagement. Yeah. during COVID-19 media. I can't. I? I can't say computer operating. It is guns.

405
01:09:30.520 --> 01:09:31.720
the incubate.

406
01:09:32.430 --> 01:09:38.630
All right. All right.

407
01:09:38.730 --> 01:09:39.839
That is fine.

408
01:09:40.110 --> 01:09:45.900
This online stopping which you spoke about in the concluding online shopping.

409
01:09:46.020 --> 01:09:47.750
online, online copy

410
01:09:47.760 --> 01:09:52.260
shopping, shopping a shopping

411
01:09:52.540 --> 01:10:03.809
so How it has changed that the culture was already there before Covid. Yes, the culture was already there before Covid. Yes, so after that it has little increase, that's all.

412
01:10:04.810 --> 01:10:14.350
After after the pandemic it has increased a little bit. Increase a little bit. Yes. so how? How does it make a difference. Why, it is a finding.

413
01:10:15.030 --> 01:10:17.390
Why this? A fine? Yeah.

414
01:10:18.400 --> 01:10:32.459
yeah, I just Because during the Covid, like people are, so we were. I think we were both like shopping online. And this kind of videos kind of like, you know, promoting products and helping people like just uploading

415
01:10:32.530 --> 01:10:34.829
for, like, you know, purchasing.

416
01:10:35.020 --> 01:10:53.190
So I'm thinking, you know, after, like, in this kind of context, like, will people use? Yeah, as you said, like, it's existed like before the Covid. So like before Covid, maybe people just watch it for entertainment. But like, maybe after the Covid, or like you're in the Covid, people are using it. For, like other

417
01:10:53.420 --> 01:10:56.610
like intentions or like purpose.

418
01:10:56.980 --> 01:11:08.029
So I'm thinking, like, how you know, this kind of media content can influence people in another way, and how people use it like with other intentions or motivations in a different like context.

419
01:11:08.680 --> 01:11:17.490
This, how I think, can I build on that? Do you feel like the influencing culture on the Internet, and through your culture became

420
01:11:17.530 --> 01:11:20.679
stronger at this time. Yeah, or

421
01:11:20.850 --> 01:11:30.150
because that might be something that's politically different than during all, with maybe the influencers on Youtube had a bigger role, or

422
01:11:30.230 --> 01:11:45.130
or maybe the consumers, or at stuck at home, wanted a closer relationship to people. They follow where they just had more time. So I don't know. But maybe that's kind of related to your question. Right? So during the after Covid is the influencing culture

423
01:11:45.980 --> 01:11:50.179
become bigger. I'm not actually sure even that it is

424
01:11:50.560 --> 01:12:00.690
Ok. I see, I think, because people like rely on this kind of media content. So I think

425
01:12:01.460 --> 01:12:05.409
this kind of contents do have some like bigger influences on people.

426
01:12:05.620 --> 01:12:14.700
However, in front of all the influences people people know that it's advertising, and they hold their own judgment

427
01:12:14.930 --> 01:12:23.779
when they feel like they are receiving some influences from these videos, so I think in general

428
01:12:23.780 --> 01:12:45.650
contents and youtubers in this videos are being more influential. But also, like, honestly, I did. another interview like after Covid. I just integrate people like, Do. This kind of videos can still like influence you in a very influential way. But interrel is that like after the covid? But everything back to normal life, this kind of influence, kind of like decreased.

429
01:12:46.260 --> 01:12:47.659
Yes, all right.

430
01:12:47.740 --> 01:12:48.910
all right.

431
01:12:48.950 --> 01:12:57.789
I want to say there is no more, no more not possible. Please. Thank you very much. Not possible

432
01:12:58.740 --> 01:13:03.440
for Santan. Good, you remember. but

433
01:13:04.620 --> 01:13:05.830
from who

434
01:13:07.340 --> 01:13:08.060
greatly

435
01:13:12.110 --> 01:13:13.229
introduced to the

436
01:13:14.310 --> 01:13:15.300
so

437
01:13:16.180 --> 01:13:18.979
good morning to all of you

438
01:13:19.190 --> 01:13:22.740
from the Department of Sociology.

439
01:13:22.790 --> 01:13:24.709
the University of Lac. Now, India.

440
01:13:24.840 --> 01:13:31.459
I'm very grateful and thankful to chair and respected President. Respected Chair.

441
01:13:32.870 --> 01:13:41.020
So my paper title is a leisure. During Kovat, 19 pandemic among undergraduate student, a study of Lucknow City, India.

442
01:13:46.870 --> 01:13:56.950
So this service tries to examine the effect on of pandemic. on leisure among undergraduate student in particular, an overall student population in gender.

443
01:13:57.130 --> 01:14:07.350
So I was trying to the relationship between how lockdown thing and this pandemic thing has affected the undergraduate in particular

444
01:14:07.660 --> 01:14:17.869
and overall the student population in Lucknow in gender so? And why I choose Lucknow? Because it's a capital of state for this.

445
01:14:17.960 --> 01:14:24.629
which is the most populous state in the country of Indian country, India country.

446
01:14:24.770 --> 01:14:39.729
for an idea that if you make the prices a separate country, it will become fifth, most populous country in the world. So this is how big this state is.

447
01:14:43.720 --> 01:15:01.160
 so here is the first COVID-19 wave started in December, the twentieth, 19, and this time the march and 2,020. It was a peak time.

448
01:15:01.370 --> 01:15:03.110
Where the

449
01:15:03.210 --> 01:15:10.539
first lockdown implemented by the Government of India for the first time in the timeline of Kovat, 19.

450
01:15:10.930 --> 01:15:24.169
During this period, March the twentieth 20, that the cases during this period was low, very low, like 300 to 500 in between, and the Government of India decided to put lockdown on the entire country.

451
01:15:24.190 --> 01:15:32.910
It was. It's changing in nature. But the lockdown was very tough, and it was strange and in nature, but the cases were very low, because it was a very

452
01:15:32.930 --> 01:15:42.749
new phenomena, and the fear among the Indians, even in the government, was very high, but the cases was very, very low.

453
01:15:43.060 --> 01:15:44.240
So

454
01:15:44.950 --> 01:15:49.219
school work rose and college were closed

455
01:15:49.360 --> 01:15:54.369
during this, for the first time during this march the 2,020,

456
01:15:55.210 --> 01:16:04.510
so that that became a challenge and faced by the undergraduate strain in terms of restricted mobility and limited leisure. Opportunity, of course.

457
01:16:07.470 --> 01:16:17.819
and here comes the second after and year second second wave, COVID-19, April 221. The second wave

458
01:16:18.160 --> 01:16:23.000
of In. In the In that time the second wave.

459
01:16:23.020 --> 01:16:28.210
The cases were like half a million each day.

460
01:16:28.330 --> 01:16:29.799
But the lockdown

461
01:16:30.010 --> 01:16:39.989
you cannot put a strictly log on because you have to maintain the regular economic activities and daily daily life.

462
01:16:40.040 --> 01:16:48.309
So you cannot put that kind of a lock down that you put a I put earlier in the march the twentieth 20.

463
01:16:49.090 --> 01:17:07.519
So here. The the contrast between this wave and the lock down the first and the second wave of COVID-19 in the lockdown during this period was that the cases were so high, even in each day. They have. We have a half a million cases each day. But the lockdown was

464
01:17:07.610 --> 01:17:12.030
the the nature of lockdown. Was not that stringent? That was in the first case.

465
01:17:23.290 --> 01:17:38.489
So for a literature review I use the existing body of research on youth and leisure, activity, importance of understanding laser as a sociological phenomena, different theoretical framework you can apply when you try to

466
01:17:38.490 --> 01:17:58.500
learn between the relationship between youth and leisure. But I use the this constraint theory by Jackson, who proposed that in 1,993, that the leisure constraint refers to factors that individual perceive as impeding their perception in enjoyment of leisure and entertainment activities.

467
01:18:02.250 --> 01:18:07.060
So here's the research questions and aims of this particular paper

468
01:18:07.830 --> 01:18:24.420
understanding the leisure. It's a more of a exploratory thing that we have done in my research. I have done in my research, understanding the leisure among undergraduate student in Lucknow, and investigate whether the recent pandemic has reshaped their perception and engagement with this leisure activity?

469
01:18:24.980 --> 01:18:29.149
These are the 2 questions that I have read in this study.

470
01:18:31.760 --> 01:18:39.309
So data collected through the undergraduate student, randomly selected through 4 universities situated in Lucknow.

471
01:18:39.360 --> 01:18:43.189
There are many nurses in love now, but I have selected 4.

472
01:18:43.210 --> 01:18:47.430
One is the state of luck. Now, the other is the

473
01:18:47.810 --> 01:18:48.700
those good.

474
01:18:49.500 --> 01:18:53.949
So question. I were filled during this period

475
01:18:54.170 --> 01:19:14.060
at 2020 and 2021 and all those people in this session in particular session were in their undergraduate programs. So number of sample is there 74. And I have also conducted a few interviews, 5 and 5 in depth interviews to gather the data.

476
01:19:15.080 --> 01:19:37.629
So here the age group, our next a few more slide will be about this question. I think that we have done for data collection. So this is the age group 73.6% belongs to 18 to 20 and 21 to 23. These all are undergraduate people who are doing their undergraduate program in during covid, first wave and second way.

477
01:19:38.300 --> 01:19:41.140
This is the gender, wise participation.

478
01:19:41.210 --> 01:19:44.000
41% female meal.

479
01:19:45.460 --> 01:20:00.949
So these are the question that I have asked in my question I asked so prior to pandemic. How did you usually expend your leisure time? Select that applies to you. So most of them were watching movies or TV shows online thing. And also they

480
01:20:01.330 --> 01:20:16.669
one can choose. the participant, the respondent can choose. You know, that applies to not just single one, but the there are overlapping between these options. So suppose someone is saying that they were reading

481
01:20:16.740 --> 01:20:22.959
prior to pandemic. They can also be in this watching movie thing and meeting with France and the sports.

482
01:20:24.900 --> 01:20:26.349
So these are the things.

483
01:20:27.380 --> 01:20:38.300
So 84% said that. Okay, this pandemic has affected my availability of leisure activity. So that's one thing that's very large.

484
01:20:39.650 --> 01:20:46.460
Have you discovered or engaged in any laser activity during the pandemic cooking and baking was the most a

485
01:20:46.550 --> 01:20:49.200
your favorite one among these options.

486
01:20:49.230 --> 01:20:54.430
So that's the new leisure activity they have engaged in

487
01:20:54.950 --> 01:20:56.470
during the pandemic.

488
01:20:57.510 --> 01:20:59.280
Are there any specific

489
01:20:59.490 --> 01:21:20.509
you have discontinued? Reduced, of course, because there was a stick lock down outside, and we know that India don't have much. They have population, but not much land. So there was like, you can have a part, but it's a very few. The availability of park is for very few people, not for everyone.

490
01:21:22.170 --> 01:21:40.250
So dining. What was reduced because there was a lockdown. You can travel. You can't attend the event. You can't gather the sport activity 25.7, because these sport activities outside of their premise living premise. So there was a lockdown outside and that this has reduced

491
01:21:41.020 --> 01:21:42.680
25% said that.

492
01:21:44.570 --> 01:21:49.849
Okay? So 69% said that their laser preferences has influenced by the pandemic.

493
01:21:57.660 --> 01:22:20.179
Have you? When I ask them that, have you experienced any barrier challenges to engage in your leisure activity during bandwidth. So social distancing restriction. 44 said, out of 74, the 59% said that okay, this is social distancing, was a factor restricting him or them to engage in

494
01:22:20.270 --> 01:22:21.669
the laser activity.

495
01:22:24.060 --> 01:22:26.190
So the

496
01:22:26.260 --> 01:22:31.330
so at that point of pandemic every undergraduate student.

497
01:22:31.640 --> 01:22:45.320
a very large population of the undergraduate student among this sample was living with their family members and roommates because you can't move from one place to another place. So you have to stay

498
01:22:45.850 --> 01:22:48.599
with your roommate or family friend.

499
01:22:48.770 --> 01:23:02.500
so that that was a little challenging for them to relate to their to have their leisure activity within the within indoor or indoor leisure to find indoor leisure. So there was a difference in interest.

500
01:23:02.530 --> 01:23:16.490
Half of the respondents said, Okay, this person is, have a different interest, different interest in my my interest of leisure. So this was a little conflicting, conflicting schedule.

501
01:23:22.060 --> 01:23:26.200
So this is the frequency of pleasure activity during the pandemic

502
01:23:26.880 --> 01:23:36.819
75.7% said that they engaged in multiple times of multiple times in a day in leisure activity because they don't have to do

503
01:23:36.950 --> 01:23:39.450
almost nothing at that point of time.

504
01:23:40.300 --> 01:23:48.740
When I ask them, have you noticed any changes in your leisure activity based on different phases and severity, because there was a different phases of

505
01:23:49.140 --> 01:24:12.340
lockdown. So in India we have log phase, one phase, 2. Phase, 2 and up to face 7 of lockdown, and then we have unlocked phases also unlock one unlocked to onlock 3 unlocked 4 unlocks, 7 7 phases of unlock also. So with each and every lockdown or the unlocked down.

506
01:24:12.340 --> 01:24:26.109
There is a difference. There is a difference in mobility that you can act now. You can access to your park after some certain period of time when cases were low. Okay, now you can move from one district to another district. so these are the

507
01:24:26.840 --> 01:24:40.290
criteria of unlock and lockdown periods. So 74% said, Okay, their leisure activity was depending and changed during the pandemic situation. And this unlock phase and log faced.

508
01:24:47.650 --> 01:24:58.040
So when I ask them about, how do you feel? The pandemic has affected your overall sense of enjoyment and fulfillment in laser activity, 50% said that

509
01:24:58.080 --> 01:25:04.309
it has decreased my enjoyment, although they were engaged, but their sense of fulfillment was decreased

510
01:25:04.920 --> 01:25:06.420
because

511
01:25:06.530 --> 01:25:12.489
the surrounding the in the context of lockdown and pandemic.

512
01:25:12.720 --> 01:25:38.560
it was decreased. Maybe they were engaged in the same activity that they were engaged earlier prior to pandemic. But the sense of fulfillment was decreased. Do you think that the pandemic has affected your overall? Well, being 43% said, Yeah, it's affected, positively affected, because

513
01:25:38.730 --> 01:25:43.459
for the first time they have their own time with their own people

514
01:25:43.750 --> 01:25:49.469
a. They have so much of time to expand with their people, with their family, with their friends.

515
01:25:49.480 --> 01:25:53.420
So 43% said it said, positively affected

516
01:25:54.020 --> 01:25:57.160
after the pandemic. This is the question that I have asked

517
01:25:57.190 --> 01:26:02.939
a post-pandemic kind of a question, how do you currently prioritize your leisure activity in your daily life.

518
01:26:02.950 --> 01:26:07.939
They say 56.7% said, it's a moderate.

519
01:26:08.360 --> 01:26:20.439
not so much change up prior to pandemic and after pandemic they have prioritized, and after the pandemic they have prioritized, and there is no not significant change.

520
01:26:25.780 --> 01:26:30.329
So this is the question that pandemic has changed their perception

521
01:26:30.930 --> 01:26:37.860
about what is the core, or constitute for them as a leisure? 58% said it changed

522
01:26:37.940 --> 01:26:39.670
after the vending you to change.

523
01:26:44.070 --> 01:26:55.259
To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statement, panning has made me appreciate leisure time more. So 44% said, Okay, they are more appreciating.

524
01:26:55.320 --> 01:26:59.809
this leisure time after the band

525
01:27:04.050 --> 01:27:12.109
well-being thing become important, and importance of leisure to maintain well-being is also important for them.

526
01:27:15.400 --> 01:27:20.349
How do you perceive the role of leisure, activity, coping with the restress and anxiety during the pandemic.

527
01:27:20.630 --> 01:27:26.820
The 73% said it was helpful to in coping with stress and anxiety

528
01:27:27.060 --> 01:27:37.610
induced by the pandemic. Here are the some generalization and findings that from this data and the in-depth interview that I have

529
01:27:37.870 --> 01:27:38.980
conducted.

530
01:27:39.360 --> 01:27:51.099
So there was 15 priorities. The pandemic has caused a shift in priorities of the undergraduate student to a laser activity that can be proceeded within the constraint of pandemic.

531
01:27:51.600 --> 01:27:58.670
such as engaging in indoor activities, acquiring new skills online and spending time with family and friend. Virtually

532
01:27:59.230 --> 01:28:03.640
so they can actually access the leisure event

533
01:28:03.710 --> 01:28:06.860
in the in A,

534
01:28:06.880 --> 01:28:09.280
in confined premise.

535
01:28:09.400 --> 01:28:29.050
The second one is the adaptation and exploration they are ready to explore, and they are ready to adapt the situation. The undergraduate have demonstrated adaptability and willingness to explore new leisure activity during the pandemic, discovering alternate ways to engage in leisure, such as cooking cooking was one very

536
01:28:29.170 --> 01:28:36.140
much appreciated by the undergraduates and online courses, of course, and indoor exercise. These are the 3 main

537
01:28:36.330 --> 01:28:39.419
activities that they had done in

538
01:28:39.590 --> 01:28:45.320
times of covid during the first wave and second wave, 2,020 to 2,021.

539
01:28:45.860 --> 01:28:57.659
Socially interaction dynamics. On this the pandemic has significantly influenced the social aspect of leisure activity for undergraduate students, while some students experience a decrease in social interaction, due to restriction.

540
01:28:57.680 --> 01:29:02.479
of course, by the Government of India and other found new ways to connect, virtually

541
01:29:02.520 --> 01:29:07.169
leading to a reconfiguration of social dynamics in leisure.

542
01:29:07.300 --> 01:29:08.530
you know, to

543
01:29:09.520 --> 01:29:25.290
so back on the point of barrier resilience, the undergraduates have faced various barriers and in challenges, in engaging in laser activity during the pandemic, such as limited access to facilities and reduced motivation. This is one of the important funding

544
01:29:25.330 --> 01:29:38.940
that I. I can say, however, there is resilience, and the ability to adapt have allowed them to find alternate ways to pursue leisure and go with limitation, coping with limitation

545
01:29:40.740 --> 01:29:54.119
on the point of appreciation of for leisure time. The pandemic has led to greater appreciation for leisure time among undergraduates as they recognize the importance of self care. It's just relief and personal. Well being, during the challenging time

546
01:29:54.330 --> 01:30:00.020
these qualitative inferences provide valuable inside, how the pandemic has influenced

547
01:30:00.290 --> 01:30:16.239
undergraduate student laser activity, perception, and preferences. The data reveals shift in leisure, behavior and discovering of new activities, challenge faced, and the role of leisure in coping with stress and anxiety and to maintain

548
01:30:16.260 --> 01:30:19.700
the personal well-being during these challenging times.

549
01:30:23.350 --> 01:30:24.190
Thank you.

550
01:30:24.770 --> 01:30:26.889
Thank you very much.

551
01:30:27.050 --> 01:30:30.550
If you have a question, I will love to answer that.

552
01:30:31.760 --> 01:30:34.170
Yeah. Your your evidence

553
01:30:34.880 --> 01:30:39.649
about a fifth of the students say that

554
01:30:40.260 --> 01:30:43.440
the leisure has not been been affected

555
01:30:43.790 --> 01:30:53.079
by the long down by the does it? Does this imply that they did not observe the social restrictions

556
01:30:53.160 --> 01:30:58.109
we we, we know, know everywhere. Some people break the rules.

557
01:30:58.190 --> 01:31:01.470
included the Prime Minister of our country

558
01:31:01.590 --> 01:31:08.709
all about a fifth of vintage.

559
01:31:10.370 --> 01:31:32.039
So you the they they ask those who enjoy it. They break the rules. Yeah, I I I'm coming to that very briefly, there, there is no time. Okay. So in India you cannot. In first lockdown the government decided to put the 1.4 8 billion people under the

560
01:31:32.210 --> 01:31:46.119
lockdown. There was a huge migration, like a 1,947 when we got freedom from the Colonial trying to do this much more than that, the scale of the migration was much more that.

561
01:31:46.560 --> 01:31:47.840
And

562
01:31:47.990 --> 01:32:01.059
after that migration thing happened, Berwin decided. You cannot control these people, and it is not able, it is there, beyond their capabilities to control this much of a population.

563
01:32:01.080 --> 01:32:08.040
So in the second phase, they have turned down their restriction.

564
01:32:08.670 --> 01:32:14.239
it was not in its Indian nature, so one can break. But out of

565
01:32:14.360 --> 01:32:39.350
there was a cell in a self censorship, because no one knows how. this virus. So there was a self censorship among the citizens of India. So those who are not afraid of the wireless thing, and this COVID-19, they were ready to, you know, go outside. They were ready to break the rules. it's also an adventurous thing for them, but because we know there was a community living and people

566
01:32:39.350 --> 01:32:49.679
these undergraduate were living with their family or their roommates, so those who are living outside their family set up. They are more prone to break the rules.

567
01:32:49.680 --> 01:33:03.939
On the other hand, those who are living with their family member, they they have self-censorship because they know they they go outside. They will catch the virus, and they will bring it to home, and they will affect the their family members. So I got it. Got it. Thank you

568
01:33:04.220 --> 01:33:11.810
anyone is.

569
01:33:12.450 --> 01:33:23.320
it's more. I know this is a generalizing finding that you can see it across the globe. But the thing was that in a

570
01:33:23.390 --> 01:33:37.180
what makes. Is it significant significant that the population of the Yukon city and the population of it was very high, and the cultural thing that we have in a

571
01:33:37.210 --> 01:33:38.329
the United States

572
01:33:38.790 --> 01:33:45.199
that makes it different from the other. generalization from across the globe.

573
01:33:45.410 --> 01:33:51.429
So that's a different thing in this.

574
01:33:51.900 --> 01:33:57.619
you know. Next question doesn't go to that, and then kindly, slightly reduce.

575
01:34:04.330 --> 01:34:24.860
Hello, everybody! A respected chair and respectful President. I am some crypta chattery. I'm a research scholar from Banaras in the University, India. and the Research. My, the topic of my paper is gender, Inequality, and Leisure, a study of women in the traditional family setup of Varini.

576
01:34:26.030 --> 01:34:44.020
 Much has been said about the origins of leisure, so I don't think that it's going to be fruitful if I go on tracing it. But yes, one thing that I did come across when I was doing my literature review was that the Indian notion of leisure is very

577
01:34:44.340 --> 01:34:58.740
It's it's very ingrained in the way Indians go about things in their everyday life, so leisure is, if you look at it in the very typical Indian manner. Leisure was something that was

578
01:34:58.850 --> 01:35:05.249
incorporated into the 4 governing frameworks of

579
01:35:05.300 --> 01:35:11.930
Indian people, which is the purchar which I've mentioned. It's mostly about how you go about your life.

580
01:35:12.440 --> 01:35:19.260
But coming off. The topic under now, where it becomes interesting is

581
01:35:19.450 --> 01:35:24.659
that we often think of leisure as something that we do in our free time.

582
01:35:25.100 --> 01:35:31.179
Now, what do women who stay at home think about it? How do they conceive their leisure

583
01:35:31.500 --> 01:35:40.519
now? What I found I did 5 in-depth case studies which spanned over a couple of months.

584
01:35:40.610 --> 01:35:47.040
and in every interview that I took with these 5 individuals who were homemakers

585
01:35:47.090 --> 01:35:53.509
from different age, groups ranging from women in their fiftys, to women in their thirtys, with

586
01:35:53.520 --> 01:36:03.579
families ranging from kids who were well settled and had families of their own, 2 women who were just starting out with younger kids.

587
01:36:03.860 --> 01:36:07.049
 something that came across

588
01:36:07.080 --> 01:36:10.639
all these case studies that I did

589
01:36:10.720 --> 01:36:15.139
was mostly that just a second

590
01:36:16.430 --> 01:36:21.629
mostly the case studies that I did. They came up with

591
01:36:22.060 --> 01:36:34.549
a couple of very interesting observations, to say the least. The first was that class variations, and in the sense how the spouses were employed

592
01:36:34.560 --> 01:36:45.680
affected a lot in terms of how the homemakers looked at their own leisure. For example. Somebody whose spouse was a professor.

593
01:36:45.720 --> 01:36:58.429
had more options and avenues of leisure available to her. She could access dance classes or music classes at her own time, and she could go for trips with her friends and families and stuff like that.

594
01:36:58.610 --> 01:37:06.790
However, in contrast, someone say, who comes from a limited income background, whose husband is perhaps a shopkeeper

595
01:37:06.890 --> 01:37:17.559
could not exercise any of her preferred leisure time activities because a lot of times she was just helping her spouse out of the other. You know responsibilities that she had.

596
01:37:17.800 --> 01:37:45.570
The second was that there is a general sense of displeasure, and something that Indian women generally felt when they spent money on themselves because they were socialized in a manner that said that you have to take care of your family. You have to take care of your spouses and your own needs or your own requirements are the least in the priority scale.

597
01:37:46.230 --> 01:38:02.059
and the tendency mostly was even within ingrained even with the women within the women was the tendency to sort of not look at their needs and not consider their own time at all.

598
01:38:03.010 --> 01:38:11.110
Another interesting observation was that a lot of Indian homemakers associate the idea of free time

599
01:38:11.120 --> 01:38:23.870
with something that those who earn money are entitled to, and since they don't earn money, they don't bring in any capital, so to speak, so they are not entitled to free time.

600
01:38:24.450 --> 01:38:27.720
And when asked.

601
01:38:27.990 --> 01:38:41.470
give a lot of homemakers said that they wanted to access the public space. If given the option which goes on to show that there is still inequality in Indian society in terms of the access to public spaces in

602
01:38:41.720 --> 01:39:05.249
within genders. Also, it's it's easier for men to access public spaces and go out with their friends, and a lot of this came up when I was talking to the women that Their husbands would go out with their friends for walks for a couple of hours, and maybe just go hang out and come back, and women said that we couldn't go out unless we had other people with us. It was just not done.

603
01:39:05.510 --> 01:39:19.120
A lot of women also said that other family members necessarily do not always help with the household chores, and which is why a lot of Indian homemakers don't actually

604
01:39:19.140 --> 01:39:38.679
like the idea of Indian festivals being celebrated at home, and would actually prefer it if it was outsourced in some manner, because they said that they were always busy with the chores, and they couldn't really enjoy anything. They never had enough time or energy to dress up or enjoy.

605
01:39:39.090 --> 01:39:55.309
A lot of women also said that they never thought of leisure as something external or something that they could lay claims to, because they were socialized in a certain way that felt that leisure was wasted time.

606
01:39:55.550 --> 01:40:15.840
It it was something that was a wastage of the time they had, and they could utilize that time by making things easier for their families and for their children or for their spouses, and this was so deeply internalized in them because they had seen their mothers do the same thing, and they had never seen their mothers have free time, so to speak, and

607
01:40:16.010 --> 01:40:41.010
they just found it difficult that this lack of me time or this lack of prioritization of their own needs was what often contributed to the low phases that they felt, which, when I sat down to collate, everything that I had spoken and heard and read. I felt that a lot of Indian women, especially in their mid 40 s. To 50 s.

608
01:40:41.050 --> 01:40:45.650
All of them had phases where they struggled in terms of mental health.

609
01:40:45.770 --> 01:40:53.930
and they had times where they wanted to express what they were feeling. But they probably didn't have enough vocabulary.

610
01:40:54.030 --> 01:41:02.980
and this could be linked to the fact that they've never really prioritized their own needs, or they've never really had a concept of me time

611
01:41:03.360 --> 01:41:06.910
for all the things that I just outlined.

612
01:41:08.810 --> 01:41:10.649
That's mostly it. Thank you.

613
01:41:11.730 --> 01:41:15.320
Thank you very much. Any question.

614
01:41:16.010 --> 01:41:17.890
anyone, any observation?

615
01:41:19.150 --> 01:41:29.359
All right. Thank you very much. Please come. So now we are at the end of the discussions a varied kind of

616
01:41:29.850 --> 01:41:31.059
papers

617
01:41:31.200 --> 01:41:38.000
from different parts of the world. Thank you very much. Thank you all. So you can have a photograph here. Come.