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Emma Mitchell: Okay, well, let's just leave your presentation there, and since you're the first presenter, anyway. And I want to start by acknowledging that the conference is being held on the land called now, and it's the home of the war, and Jerry, people of the cooling nation, I acknowledged, and pay my respects to elders, past and present.

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Emma Mitchell: and to any first Nations colleagues that who are joining us tonight. I'd also like to acknowledge the article people of the or Nation. That's the land that I'm zooming in from tonight in Sydney.

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Emma Mitchell: So my name is Emma. I am sharing tonight. I helped talking about this session alongside Mariah. He's he's joining us from

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Emma Mitchell: Spain. I'd be in Benito and the West Company at all. Stayspany

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Emma Mitchell: special thanks to Esp. And Dal, who has kindly stepped in to be the in-person chair for me. I was unable to travel to Melbourne because of illness. and so he is. very kindly assisting with the technology on the Melbourne end of things.

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Emma Mitchell: I will moderate the session from Zoom, though. And it's been. Let me know if there are any questions from the live room. When it comes time to take questions. If you're watching from if if you're joining us on, zoom feel free to put your questions in the chat during the presentation. and I. I will

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Emma Mitchell: take one question after each presentation, and then, if we have time. At the end we'll have a wider conversation. Just to make sure that we get through everyone on time.

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Emma Mitchell: So with my friends I do. I would like to introduce Esp and Dial, who will be presenting on behalf of his colleagues on welfare work, trajectories among social assistance, recipients in a local perspective. So thank you so much as then.

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Okay, thank you very much. as you can see, the title of this presentation is well forward trajectories among substances, the recipients in a local perspective.

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And my co-authors are Are mentioned here. The those are Thomas Lawrence and Osman Hermitson, both from Norway and Osman. Harrison is affiliate with the same university as I am at Oslo Metropolitan University, and Thomas Jerusalem is from Bergen, and all from Norway then, and the the analysis we have done is is based on the Norwegian data.

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 So

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if he will be able to

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move this by the arrows

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that didn't work very well. It won't react because the others was struggling.

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Emma Mitchell: The here in. Now, now on the keyboard, right now is the keyboard. What working us then.

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No, it doesn't work when I push. You know the arrows that would change the whole thing.

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Emma Mitchell: Lorenz, are you there?

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That was a pity. little embarrassing, but it doesn't.

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Now who is sharing the screen?

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Angel Zapata: Yes, I I think that you are sharing the screen, so you need to to move the the slider from your computer.

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francesca: Exactly.

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Should I stop share first.

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and then I share the screen once more.

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francesca: I think it's not yeah, exactly. No.

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Well, it still does not react actually, unfortunately.

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So I am very uncertain what I should do now.

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I'm not able to change the

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the computer locked up, is it?

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Hmm.

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Emma Mitchell: thanks for your patience, Esther.

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 is that it? Yeah.

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How to do that with the mass? Oh, sorry. Sorry. I went. Okay.

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perfect. Yeah, okay, thank you very much. Okay, I'll stop the time of precious and go for it. Yes, I will. And you know, the first question is, you know, why? Why is this a local perspective? Important? I think there are 3 answers to that at least, and the first is that you know, the perspective is quite neglected. We have a lot of comparative welfare state research, but much less studies on on the local

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welfare systems influence people's fate.

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And the other thing is that you know the recent developments towards the new active Welfare State, or where third policies lay its foundations on the on the local level.

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and nor by and also the other Nordic countries have for a long time we've been service oriented and service heavy. So you know what's happening on on the local level is is important that I and is increasingly so. So there's several good reason to look into. how the local impacts on what we are interested in looking.

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here, then, so the research question that we try to to to answer in this paper is simply do local welfare system have an impact on the win for work trajectories and a transition to work among young social assistant recipients in Norway.

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And by this, I think we are linking 2 themes. The first is social assistant dynamics. And what influences you know how long people stay on social assistance and the the conditions for relieving social assistance, and so on. And the other is the local welfare system. And we are trying to link this

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these 2 topics actually. And and the reason why is that there's very little done on this. We have found only a few studies in in a very few countries that to do this linking. So so that's a good reason, we think, to to try to to do this.

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So we, since we have, you know, try to link these 2 traditions or or research topics. We need a theories both from you know the how the welfare and social policy is organized, the resources that I'm mobilized, and also more about the when the transitions and the dynamics associated with with the receipt also of assistance

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mit Ctl. And so we are drawing on the local welfare system concepts which are among others developed and the 101,

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and discussed by Andreyote and them in. And it has at least 4 different aspects. The first is what influences people's social assistance

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and careers in the Belfast system and in the work system. They're the they they are. First, you know the composition of the users. They're a social, economic status, and they're a hence problems. They're back the social economic backgrounds and so on, and we have the social investments in the municipalities. So space Spanishes, that go into social capital and human capital in the different

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municipalities. And then we have the labour market demand for labour, structure, and size of the labour market, and then, finally, and that this is our prior priority. Our main interest is the local labour and for office.

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how the organisation, how it is world oriented, there is sources it is able to mobilise, and the workload characterising the different labour markets.

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labour and welfare offices in the different municipalities, and as a rule of them there are, there is one labour and one for office in each municipality.

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So that's you know. That's one conceptual framework. The other one is the life courts approach. And I think

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there are 2 schools there. both, you know, in theory, but also in the midst of the methodology. The first is more studies or holistic trajectories, and for that a sequence analysis. It's a, it's an appropriate tool, and that we also have a lot of studies looking at transitions between states

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where we can use life and analysis, but also logistic to regression and also

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linear probability models. And these 2 shed a little different lights, you know, on the social system dynamics. So we are trying to link these 2

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and the topics I'm trying to link this series in in what we are doing. So we have resisted data with all. Young social assistant residents in the Norway in 2,012

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they are from the 373 municipalities in Norway, and the individual variables that we have derived from the the registered are gender a, the contra-birth school dropout, health, poverty, a growing up, and parents education.

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And then we are doing it to Taiwanala analysis. As I all already have hinted, we do a second analysis, and in a in in addition, we need to do a move in the logistics, logistic, logistic regression. I'll show you later how that works. And in the in this sequence analysis we'll look at one for to work trajectories, and it spends over 7 years.

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And the second analysis is transition analysis. We, we use linear probability models in order to look at transitions for a shorter period of time

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only for over 2 years, from social assistance to to work. So those are the 2 empirical studies that I will show you the results of

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we, when we applied sequence analysis to this, to this cohort of young and social assistant recipients, we found 4, basically 8 trajectory clusters.

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We have named them. Here we have the early disability. These are welfare classes. The 4 of them, 4 of the 8 are well for classes, for all the the other 4 of the 8 are more work, oriented clusters. Here we have early this ability. We are long term health issues, long term, social assistance and long term unemployed everything. All of these are more or less dominated by a careers in the breakfast system, and we can see which kind of status, you know. below in the in on this

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slide that go into making or creating these trajectories that these trajectory clusters. So this is the welfare oriented trajectories. And he started here on the for a work oriented trajectories. We are in stability after carrier's work, low and medium earnings. We have a bob medium and earnings, and we had login vacations. This taper off into into a more solid attachment to the to the labor market.

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So already is that, yeah, then, is that you know, net of differences in individual characteristics.

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We expect to find that municipalities that mobilize or invest more resources resources into the social-assisted recipients or the social system social assistance system, they will do better in in terms of more work, oriented trajectories, and the same applies also to the local labor and welfare office

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net or all the other stuff. So this is a little ugly, more the results that we get when they apply a multi- no mail this regression to these 8 trajectories. You can see here. the the upper part of the of the table. You just see that you all have the individual variables. And then we have the contextual variables.

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We have first the the municipality with more or less measures. You know the the resources that go into the the social capital and and human capital. Then we have the regional labor market

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a characteristics, and then the end, you know, with the characteristics of the local labor and the and Welfare office, how often they have business contact, how they are doing job matching with the with the clients. 150

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public sector sickness, absence in the office

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share over journal recording has to do with. You know how orderly the there' be the the offices, and then we have, of course, the the workload. So our main interest it is. It's with the lost variable that we're able to start. but you can. Of course you can. We can't go into many of these and they actually end of this, but you can see that there are very, very few bold figures, you know. in the area of

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variables there, that characterize the context. There are more in the, in the individual, among the individual variables that are in bold, and that means that that they are significant.

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So what the conclusion from this analysis it that is, that the when for office variables indicating employee contact, matching efforts and workload, and so on. There are very few significant association.

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everything else being equal, and all that also pertains to the variables that indicate social investment at the municipality level. Very few significant associations, labour, market structure, sites, and the size of structure, availability of service and institutions. There are very few significant associations, but

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you know, between the individual variables and the likelihood to be affiliated with any of the 8 trajectory clusters, we find several significant associations, health, state parents, educations, and and so on. So actually, you know, the local

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level in this analysis doesn't matter much.

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But there are at least 3 problems with this. First, there's a complex outcome. We have more or less. 5, 9, 8, I mean, yeah. 8 values on the dependent variable. There's a long time lag. We measured this in 2,012 when we defined, you know, the cohort or young recipients.

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So I mean, do you not have information now how that has changed over the 8 years.

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and and there is. This is not a level analysis, but we have used robust, and to to take care of some of the the the, the, the, the clustering in the municipalities. But in order then, to to follow up this, and and to meet some of this

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critiques that can be erased along these lines. We have that also done. and a kind of simpler analysis. Maybe it look at the same sample. We use the same individual variables. But in in this analysis we'll look at a transition from social assistance to work

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over only 2 years.

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and we found again that you know there. There are significant associations with a number of these individual variables, but when when we look at the intraclass correlation.

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and that is, you know, the degree to which there are differences between the municipalities.

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So the we can see here that only point 37 to 0 point 45 45% less than half

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of the variation in transition. To work in this cohort is due to let you know. So I'm not going to wrap up. We're at 12 with it. Yes, yes, I'm wrapping up so do these local characteristics matter for young social assistant. No, it does not regard a a in terms of long term trajectories, and neither do it and have an impact, as we find it here in the short term likely to re-enter work

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so

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that you know the message for my presentation.

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Emma Mitchell: Thank you. Espn, Are there any questions, either? from people watching from Zoom? If if you. You can either put your hand up or comment in the chat, or it's been. If this hands up in the room feel free to take the question from the room as well.

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yeah. okay, I'll stop sharing.

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Emma Mitchell: There is one area has a question, yeah.

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okay, I I try this one. but thank you very much. It was super interesting, the presentation and and approach to analyzes. But my question concerns this group who are above Median income persons, but still in super assistance.

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and that was kind of most unlogical or interesting group. They have left social assistance. Okay? Then, after they received it in 2,012. So many, very many. The the majority leave in a quite short few years.

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Okay, so it's got book was kind of temporary group. Yeah, okay, thank you very much.

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There is one more question here from the from the room. Shall we take it?

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if it's super quick, we've got 1 min. Super quick. Okay, right? See that workload actually in virtual in the office. And I had an effect. You know, what was that?

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Interpret that the wrong way, because workloads in the office seem to have an effect.

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there are some counterintuitive, you know, findings there, but they are related to 1, one or 2, you know, outcomes, or or the values of the dependent variable. So I really don't think think we should pay too much attention to those single and significant coefficients.

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And we have done some sensitivity. Analyze analysis which reports what I'm saying now. Yeah.

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Emma Mitchell: we might leave it there if you could stop sharing. thank you so much. And if we have time we'll come back. So if you have another question, first, and keep it in mind, and if we have time we'll ask it at the end. I'd like to. welcome Francesca vanati now to present on behalf of her colleagues, Francis, if you'd like to start sharing your screen.

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Emma Mitchell: and Francesca is going to present on the governance of care legislative frameworks, challenges and opportunities created by municipal policies. Thank you, Francesca, and just a reminder. I I'll put the Times in the chat. So keep that open.

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francesca: Okay, perfect. Thank you.

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francesca: hello, everybody. Yes, the title of this presentation that I did with marijuana. I got A. Ci. P. 370, to doming the of the University, Pablo de Lavi, the from Savia space. It's called the Governance of Care, Legislative Framework challenge and opportunities created by municipal policies, as the title suggests. the the presentation will focus on

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francesca: local care policies within a broader institutional context.

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francesca: The

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okay.

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francesca: The theoretical framework of this presentation is based on for concept. The first one is multi-level governance. By multi-level governance we mean the process through which power and responsibilities are downsized vertically or distributed horizontally among institutional and on institutional actors.

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francesca: It is the classic definition from Mark and August. The second concept is care. By care we mean all of those activities related to the maintenance of the life of dependent and non-dependent person. Caregain. importance get quick care, as always, been importance, and historically it was carried out within the family by woman and for free until the shift from the mailbread winner month

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francesca: to the dual and a model that so the massive entrance of women into the labor market, and this, together with the aging of population, created new social risks. It is important to acknowledge that the new, to know that new social risks are a context of and different from the Territories to another.

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francesca: The third concept is the formalization that refers to public services and public spending through which the States take the responsibility for the care of dependent people, reducing the intensity of family care. In other words, and in list of words, we could say that the definition is the the right, the opportunity of a person to receive care outside his or her.

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francesca: their family context. And finally, the question of local system that we already seen in the previous presentation. And our focus will be on the autonomy and the responsibility of a local system. Local welfare system that can create their own welfare system to cope with the ritual classic risks.

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francesca: Okay, this study was developed within the framework of the project definition and local one for system, and the aim of that project was to analyze differences and variation in the provision of care at the local scale, and to explore the effect of the formalization measures on the household strategies of care in this presentation we will focus just on the first

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francesca: goal from what they come the the other 2 specific goals, the governance of care, specific games. The first one is, what is the conceptualization of care at different institutional levels. What are the similarities and the differences. And the second specific goal is what which are the interventional logic of the policies and the services available at local level.

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francesca: The study relevance comes from the specificities of the local context. within a multi-level context, the downgrading of policies and responsibilities give the power to the local to design its own welfare policies. According, as we said before, to the new social risks and the population needs of that territory.

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francesca: And this has 2 main relevant implications. The first one is that it's just in the local where the services of the all of the national and regional and local level

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francesca: overlaps. So it is in the at the local level, where we have to study all of the opportunities and all of the services that a citizen have access to. And the second relevant implication is that the autonomy can produce divergence dynamic from regional and national level, and that means that

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francesca: on the one side. National level categories could be not sufficient to understand and to catch a territorial specificities, and on the other, that to local system of the same country, it can have a different local well welfare system.

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francesca: This study was carried out using a text analysis technique. The first analysis focused on the concept of care. And it's conceptualization at different institutional levels. And the second try to combine targets, goals, and policy tools

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francesca: in order to reconstruct. We analyze 48 legislative documents and 2 informative official documents, all of these legislative documents. we're from the national, regional or local local level. And we're about policies or services.

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Emma Mitchell: That's Francesca frozen for other people

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Angel Zapata: I can see on her to purchase. So

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Angel Zapata: maybe she's

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Emma Mitchell: okay. I think we've lost Francesca.

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Emma Mitchell: Let's give her time to log back on

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Emma Mitchell: How about? In the meantime we move to our I, unless one of

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Emma Mitchell: Francesca's colleagues on the paper would like to pick up from where she left off. Otherwise, maybe we can move on to the next presenter and pick up with Francesca when she makes it. When she logs back in.

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Emma Mitchell: Oh, there she is.

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adomgon1: Sorry. My, my, my, my, my, my, my, my connection, my Internet connection went down. Welcome back. Yeah, I'm sorry.

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adomgon1: Is that? Okay? I am. I sharing? No.

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Emma Mitchell: no, not anymore.

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adomgon1: Okay.

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adomgon1: Okay.

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adomgon1: okay. I'm really sorry.

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adomgon1: really rapid. And there's a difference of of the concern between the conceptualization of care, and we can see that for children 0 3 in the national, regional and municipal level having common the question of the right. So it is a right at all level the care toward those children, and the right for family to care

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adomgon1: to those children, while for elderly dependent. It's more divers. We could say we, the no data phone for municipal level because we didn't found no documents and

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adomgon1: the national and regional, while national is more focused on the right to receive care and the right to provide care at the regional level. Since mass

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adomgon1: concrete and must operate it. We could say by mentioned the care as work as something of the family function related to the family function and the activity to be received and be provided.

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adomgon1:  Finally, we analyze the typology of services and the target of those services. We can see that the main policy policy tools are cash transfer and in kind with the preference of in current at the municipal and regional level. because it's where the services are actually provided. And we can also see that the targets, especially for children, all civil, free. Our parents are always our parents. This means that the structure.

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adomgon1: the logic of the strategy incorporate, the reconciliation, the work, the the family work balance

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adomgon1: for all of those services, and with early dependence we have both the target of early dependent and the family. So we can see that in Spain the target of the care services is always a family to

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adomgon1:  and to conclude, those are the main conclusion, we.

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adomgon1: we found it so that care targeted to children, zero-free difference difference, phone target to a daily dependence, especially because target 2 children, 0 3. It seems more related to the reproduction.

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adomgon1: while targets to elderly dependence is more related to the maintenance of the person. so it's conceptually mean different.

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adomgon1: And then that the local conceptualization of care, those from the national and regional level. So we we can see the convergence, and that it and it goes from the more general framework to a specific and more individual one Then, looking for coherent and differences in the conceptualization of care from the national to the local level, we saw that the most relevant tire

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adomgon1: is absolutely the regional one, and the local level is more important. And when we are we, we are looking for the the services, the luck for the presence of services

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adomgon1: rather than on the real conceptualization. Okay, so it's more about the priority of the political agenda of the local municipalities rather than the idea of and the go, the goal, the objective, the purpose of all those

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adomgon1: policies. And this is everything for the moment. really, thank you, and sorry again for the problem connection.

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Emma Mitchell: Thank you, Francesca, that was perfect timing, even with your connection problems. I'd like to take a question now, if there's anyone either on zoom or aspen, if you can keep an eye on the room. That has a question for Francesca.

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No questions from the room.

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Emma Mitchell: any on Zoom.

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Emma Mitchell: I'll just give you a moment. If not, I have questions.

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adomgon1: Okay.

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Emma Mitchell: okay, I'm not seeing any anyone putting their hands up. So I might just take the chances chair, just prerogative and jump in and ask I was interested. I'm Francisco and you know you talking about the kind of the household on the family, the kind of traditional location, of care, and then the importance of welfare services as a site of care. And it was interesting to look at how

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Emma Mitchell: care in those spaces was conceptualized especially care in the family, but younger or older recipients. I was wondering if in the documents you analysed

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Emma Mitchell: whether there was much about the kind of care in the kind of connective spaces between family and public services, especially because, you know, local welfare regimes are all often justified in terms of like the possibilities of cute community connection and networks. I was wondering if that featured in your analysis.

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adomgon1: Hmm, yes, of course. more m rather than on the conceptualization of care, more on the about the characteristic of the services. I mean, both family and community can have a really active.

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adomgon1: in the in care care activities, even with contracts. I mean, if the public, the municipalities that sign a contract with families or with the community or with neighbors to.

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adomgon1: yeah. Good to kind of rule on the on the developing of the care towards especially elderly people. But yeah, I think that

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adomgon1: I mean in Spain. It is compulsory to take care of your familiar both children. and from your yeah, your, your, your, your your children, and your parents. So on this side, I think that it's

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adomgon1: just a low.

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adomgon1: more than a conceptualization, while the the community. It is true that it's gaining importance, and it's gaining space. but not that much.

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Emma Mitchell: Okay, thank you.

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Emma Mitchell: Again, if you have questions, other questions for fantastic. Keep them in mind. Otherwise we'll move on to our next presenter. Manuel Gaffe, are you with us?

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Manuel Romero: Yes, But first of all, it is sorry for the late. Okay. Are you ready to go? Would you like to share your screen?

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Emma Mitchell: Right? so we have.

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Emma Mitchell: Manuel got the talking about. the

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Emma Mitchell: the effects hold on. I have to translate this from Spanish to English in my head, and you can. You can redo a Ld, the presentation I have. I have the session. So the effects of integrated urban regeneration policies. on residential mobility preferences.

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Emma Mitchell: Take it away. Manuel. Thank you.

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Manuel Romero: Okay. Okay, well, and manual as Francesca, I'm an assistant at the Urban government lab.

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Manuel Romero: that's it. So on Western research of the of the center, and we are going to explore a a recent survey about about about several of our opinions of neighborhoods, who, of from a label neighborhood, has that have been affected by the integration generation policies. And for compare this to all the room and able neighborhood that has not.

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Manuel Romero: Well, first of all. What are these kind of places? Well, these policies integrate in a multi-level framework? but it on. You're the only one recommendation on. Well, recently, they we say, like at any debate, so on gentrification, discrimination, etc.

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Manuel Romero: And and the focus is towards community integration, the neighborhood liability and the quality of on the infrastructure, etc., and the economic promotion in this In this one, not legal areas usually promoted by the department of housing in this case of Andalusia, and which is,

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Manuel Romero: the the most southern region of of the Spain.

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Manuel Romero: How we are doing this policy elaboration. Well, first, we apply at what's implemental design. Taking the the limitation that the group has done between this, the experimental and control areas and pass it on as it's the economic cost. They, we will see later. They have some limitation, because, of course, the service is a is about individual data.

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Manuel Romero: And then we are going to build on a structural equation mobile to do it with the direct and direct of these policies. And there is a debate about how some I do it, but of the policies can make you the positive and making the intention of the politician or the the mission. And well, a little boy? No, that is basically answer the question. Your policy really work?

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Manuel Romero: as a matter of fact. And you can see later in the in the first Semes. Most of the Of all the the policy evaluation that have been done by the group has found either moderate or no effect. So, and these, these these kind of policies have no reach.

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Manuel Romero: It's full potential. Yeah, we can see.

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Manuel Romero: Okay? So the the main received question is how a housing revelation? We're going to focus on this, because this is one of the main factors driving the the mobility preference and have a

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Manuel Romero: and if you play the our citizens in less likely to leave. There has been an individual effect of the policy that have not received this application, and more a problem to leave

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Manuel Romero: it has a an ecological effect. And This, if it has been directly, it's a that the the mobility, preference of there are some mechanisms between that that's the issue between direct and and direct effects.

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Manuel Romero: and, as we said before, and then one of the main limitation of this study is that we only have data about a common residents. So we don't have data about the residents we have to move. Well, that's why we're going to study the mobility preference of the of the neighbor who who have a state in in their, in the houses, in the homes, after after the the policy, the policy implementation, and, as we said before, the difference between control and

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Manuel Romero: an experimental I just when the was done on aggregated level. So the in the difference in in the propensity to to to to the neighborhood

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Manuel Romero: is is quite different between them. Okay, so that's a, of course, a agreed by the in classical. Well, actually, you can buy it, we said, and but I think we, the day we think method we, we I have chosen. We can control a little bit from this by. We can discuss later in the in the

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Manuel Romero: okay. Well, in first place. And of course we've said that. more. houses. Some buildings have been rehabilitated in experimental that control us. That mean that the policy has been indeed implementing. It isn't the main thing we have to. We have to check.

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Manuel Romero: And then that's this. Probabilization has increased citizens education in housing.

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Manuel Romero: And we can see that the individual who has either they house they're building or they didn't buy from a gravitated has a a major satisfaction, a in concept to those who has no

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Manuel Romero: and however,

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Manuel Romero: We have to. We have to see if this a increase in how it's is is costed by thisabilitation, and if the in the ecological effect has and has a good.

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Manuel Romero: if the if the increasing certification has been bigger in room a level of areas done in a control. okay? So the ratio of this sale, the difference in different design, and is that

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Manuel Romero: there is no a ecological effect, that there is indeed a positive individual effect, that.

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Manuel Romero: And we can say that it's caused by debilitation.

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Manuel Romero: And what a and that's it! That's common in satisfaction I studied the less of the file was the the situation in in. At first the greater is the increase.

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Manuel Romero: then? we have to ask if this individual is mmm direct of under. And we thought that it's in it we built zoom with our variable. That means rehabilitation, but it all the free questions of the 3 as far as I I mentioned before, the housing, depending on the environment changes. And at the bottom.

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Manuel Romero: I will at the talk. right, we see some a control variable that has a significant effects. Okay, so what the the summary of these, a quite complicated graph is that the hospital limitation has increased the housing satisfaction, and as we, as we see before, with the with the regulation design.

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Manuel Romero: But the housing satisfaction has all has a resonation with the preference only through. And it's neighborhood satisfaction.

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Manuel Romero: Okay, so, It doesn't have a an and it's a direct effect. But Anna Andy, with a pet, through dissatisfaction within the neighborhood and within the community in week, the the rehabilitated people leave.

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Manuel Romero: This is basically the the line that's in the bottom from left to right.

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Manuel Romero: Here we see more clear that the council path that we found is that.

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Manuel Romero: and in this experimental neighborhood rehabilitation as a as a good. This has affect, Some, Houses in the this has a increased housing satisfaction. But for all the decision in those areas who has a indeed received this rehabilitation, and not from for over neighborhood.

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Manuel Romero: this has a a relationship with neighborhood certification and neighborhood certification is one of the main

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Manuel Romero: drivers of a deep propensity to leave.

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Manuel Romero: But this effect, our, we said, is individual and and it

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Manuel Romero: that gives us a clue about it's weakness. But how a week is this effect compared to 2 other body. It was

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Manuel Romero: well, we choose income, and because it is, is in main a co-variable in almost all the studies in in social science, and what we see that the effect of rehabilitation is a less than half the effort of income level, and more this.

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Manuel Romero: And so this is pretty consistent with the previous work of the you recommend a lab also all the limitation that we have comments. We can say that a

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Manuel Romero: very week.

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Manuel Romero: It is only an individual effect for those who have individual safety policy, which, of course, is less desirable than an ecological effect.

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Manuel Romero: I'm that goes through an increasingly in the satisfaction within the the

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Manuel Romero: as conclusions, the as we taken as preliminary. A we can and reach this work doing some simulation, they having a

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Manuel Romero: and but a also with limit. They are, I think, they are pretty and consistent with the previews work of the you back, and also with the about a residential mobility and the effects of of policies in in London label neighborhoods.

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Manuel Romero:  well, the most important thing is to consider that the population that could be most affected by this rehabilitation, and how other? A under the path and on a server variables might a influence these individuals?

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Manuel Romero: well, we can. We can discuss later. This is basically the the summary of of the other, Effects that has been found by the by, the

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Manuel Romero: mostly at aggregated level.

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Manuel Romero: well, I think I have talked a little quick especially for my Well, I'm gonna see an awesome but well, if someone has any question.

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Manuel Romero: if I'm gonna have any questions. Sorry.

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Emma Mitchell: I'm just jumping in there to say any questions on the chat or you can put them in the chat. You can put your hand up on zoom or

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Emma Mitchell: wave to aspen in the room.

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Manuel Romero: Also, I don't. I don't know if the presentation is available for for everyone I have uploaded in the in the web, but they did have a repo where all the

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Manuel Romero: where, where is it? Go, and the data is is publicly available if you

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Manuel Romero: But if you have my link.

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Manuel Romero: I just click on that planning here. Okay.

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Emma Mitchell: any questions.

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and no one from Melbourne.

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Emma Mitchell: Thanks, Esther.

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Emma Mitchell: Well, if if no one, I I'll just give you a little bit more time, because I don't want to

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Emma Mitchell: dominate the question time, either.

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Emma Mitchell: All right. Well, oh, yeah, money. Yeah, go for it.

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Maria Jesus Rodriguez Garcia: I I I have a question. Oh, my, well.

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Maria Jesus Rodriguez Garcia: and it's about the the

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Maria Jesus Rodriguez Garcia: the experimental control areas of the study. If you could give us more details about this criteria to define experiment, alarm cultural ideas. Thank you.

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Manuel Romero: Well, of course I I have. I haven't participated in the in the limitation, but The criteria was done, and mainly

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Manuel Romero: buses on aggregate the cost like demographic, the employment rate at the income level, and also the share of employment of lake, the the share of of of of local association, and and also the the experimental control arias words eliminated on, and

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Manuel Romero: I don't have to say on its neighborhood, like as some a neighbor who received the policy and the neighborhood. one

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Manuel Romero: A half kilometer away. It didn't. If they if they share these these kind of of indicators, they are defined at control experimental. Okay? So we also have to take an account that this the limitation was done in 2,015. So the the situation who we have saying from then to to the time the salary was done.

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Manuel Romero: and to me, maybe these are the the criteria for the the limitation. and that was and approved by the

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Manuel Romero: hmm, by the the the project in the and the for the underlying, the, and also for all the members of the group. And well, if anyone is, is more, once more detail about about this and the it can be found in the in there that we are.

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Emma Mitchell: Thanks so much.

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Emma Mitchell: Okay. next up we have Alicia Dominguez Gonzalez, that you with us.

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adomgon1: Yes.

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Emma Mitchell: excellent.

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adomgon1:  Can you see my presentation?

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Emma Mitchell: Yes, thank you. Okay, and you will be talking to us about how do you local welfare systems influence perceptions of local services and quality of life?

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Emma Mitchell: on behalf of herself and Clement and Nevada

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Emma Mitchell: go for it. Thank you.

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adomgon1: Hello, everyone. It's a pleasure to review. My name is Salifi Lemme, and today you would like to share with you a work in title. How do little work for system influence, part of local services and quality of life?

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adomgon1: An analysis of major European cities, which I did in collaboration with my colleague, Clement the Noaro. We are both part of the Pantom and the and the Urban Government's lab at the

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adomgon1: in order to ask what the proposed research question I will try to pass, and some analytic ideas, and then pedal evidence about the influence of local government system or municipal services.

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adomgon1: Nevertheless, the first question that this war might rise is quite analyzed, municipal services and citizens evaluation of municipal services well, in the first place, because the valuation of more difficult services provide information about the performance of municipal governments and administration.

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adomgon1: and secondly, because of the relationship between municipal services and other relevant issues, like institutional trust in local government or quality of life and the satisfaction with living in the city.

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adomgon1: Therefore, services, evaluation, analysis, provide insight into relevant topic in the study of local government and community life. This lead me to my next point about the importance of institution and international comparison.

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adomgon1: As you know, difference between local government system in assets such as local policy, economy, intergovernmental integration, and front of governments at a closely relate to the world for the state model that is, in each country configured in different local welfare ratings.

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adomgon1: This local goal for arrangements imply different policies, content across different policy sector, economic growth, cultural services, and so on, and also the institutional capacity to implement public policies and provide services to the local community.

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adomgon1: In fact, some premises that we have shown the influence of national world param on soft and special inequalities, mainly as should be a special inequalities, or for one side education.

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adomgon1: however, there is a little comparative research on how local welfare system affects your special inequalities, the quality of local services and evaluation citizens to about them.

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adomgon1: For all the operation, this paper and the country way to this research topic by proposing the following hypotheses.

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adomgon1: first hypothesis about the institutional effort of local welfare system. It's assume that in local workforce system with more institutional capacities this is more satisfaction with many people services because they can provide more and better services.

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adomgon1: The second way is about the redistributed effect of local warfare system.

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adomgon1: We assume that more institutional capacity which only apply better services, provision from might see where the difference in municipal evaluation according to the self economic statute of resident.

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adomgon1: especially among those with lower status, because they can. They may need the services more than those with higher status.

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adomgon1: In order to provide some in the in critical evidence about this hypothesis, we have to use the data from survey on profession of collective life in the European cities carry out, but they will stop

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adomgon1: specifically for the year 2,019.

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adomgon1: The survey include information from 83 cities and 700 interviews in each city 58,100 people in total. For our analysis, we have chosen the most of Virginia City in the European Union. To do this. We have split from the sample the countries that are no member of the European Union and the countries of the European Free Trade Association.

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adomgon1: The sample includes a different number of city per country and also different cities according to the population size, the group, globalization, etc.

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adomgon1: Therefore, in order to yumeness, the type and number of city across country, we have to retain the only cities that are national capitals. Or I consider the global and cities by the

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adomgon1: the final sample. Therefore, considering 28 cents and 700 individuals in 41 cities in 27 country.

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adomgon1: we have to perform on the same analysis, a. We will present the hair, using all the complete sample and the result are the same. However, our sales you're miss a competition between a more homogeneous sample between cities and a more balances sample between countries.

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adomgon1: We use multi-level regression models. To test for the A from the institutional system in with the vibrations

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adomgon1: I put in this one and the cross-level integration, I have that between institutional capacities and individuals with the economic status they participate in in order to show their redistributed act that of local welfare men.

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adomgon1: then, at least, since we're carry out for a few dependent variables. On the one hand, the valuation of services was measured. That's if the evaluation with the quality of bus urban services by resident as the level of satisfaction with public transport being a State, and as for a space

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adomgon1: on the on how we analyze welfare services. This is the session we money, fetal educational help and cultural and monetical services

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adomgon1: on the last and aggregate measurement included all of them. We we have call it the Municipal Services Evaluation Index. Let's say that the evaluation is measured by a 4 point lake kernel from not satisfied with all, 2 to 3. Satisfied.

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adomgon1: as you can see in this light, the contestant and individual, independent, variable in cool, and our multi-level analysis at the following level, one variable referred to catastrophic of individual in our case, gender age, educational level, nationally and just living in the city, and especially household income through the classical escal asking about the difficult to pay bills

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adomgon1: level. 2 body levels refer to the character of the context, the city and the local government system where it is situated. specifically level of globalization, a city's growth, domestic product in cities, local governments

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adomgon1: and local government institutional capacities to measure local government institutional capacities.

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adomgon1:  we. We have used the local Autonomy index developed by the European Commission. The is made up of 2 demands, you, on the one hand, it's self rule indicating this cop and the capacity to provide services. And, on the other hand, the interactive rule about the potential political supervision of after 11 of government

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adomgon1: of I would still be. We will use the cell global as dimension. We measured political policy. And now it's negative capacity.

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adomgon1: The analyze we carry out, using 3 multi-level models for each dependent variable, that own new model. We have some covariate and serve as a basic for testing the accident of contextual efforts, and the configuration of independent, variable in following model

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adomgon1: model one which include all the individual and contest, all independent variables and model 2 which has to mobile the cross-level interaction between has full income and the self rule. Index initially, local institutional capacity to pro is to provide perfect services

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adomgon1: below. We can see the result for a model to that, including to the interaction between income and several indexes. You can see the effort of local government capacities and income, and therefore the integration in between the 2 is in may become for both evaluation of many people, services and evaluation of social services. It's this resolved provide evidence supporting that the 2 ipotheses proposed

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adomgon1: in all the to better to explain that. So let me show them through. Graphic. This graph is, should the effort of local institutional capacity from services. Evaluation through this line as low

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adomgon1: because the local institutional capacity index is in the

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adomgon1: and then the difference between line should the effort of hustle income on services, evaluation W lines represent evaluation of low income statistics and the green line evaluation of J. In Kong. Citizen.

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adomgon1: if you look this graphic, you can see the higher the institutional capacity, the higher the perceived quality of services. The graph also show that resident with higher incomes are more certified than people with lower income.

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adomgon1: We can also see that when institutional capacities are lower, there is a greater influence of the economic statute on the protection of a services quality people will lower in comprehensive a greater difference according to the level of institutional capacity. The municipalities have.

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adomgon1: hey? At the threshold of your lambda. 6 services analysis. You can see that institutional capacity has the same effect on people with lower income as if that's on people we higher in goes.

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adomgon1: you can see that he, as in the previous analysis, income has a positive effect on the professional services. Quality, however, institutional capacities don't moderate the effort of income on the valuation of multiple services.

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adomgon1: Finally, they'll telegraph this information about the evaluation of welfare or social services. It showed that this is an increase the evaluation of local services according to the institutional capacities of local governments. However, the effort is stronger among low income people.

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adomgon1: Moreover, when there are more institutional capacities. This. So the economic status doesn't have a strong effect on services, quality, evaluation.

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adomgon1: This there is a cross-level effort with me that institutional capacity is moderate the effort of the economy to start it on the valuation of should be this quality.

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adomgon1: Let me summarize the reviews analytic at Ivas. I saw this. I show with evidence I want to. Analysis, seem to confront to Pharisee purposes. That is a positive positive effort of local institutional capacities on citizenship facial with police services. This F that is, of set of about A for best. You run services and work for services

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adomgon1: regarding the second hypothesis preventional. If we show a redist with it. F or local welfare system, as they all social services in the profession of a service quality in Canada.

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adomgon1: look any additional capacity to provide services have have have a great impact on people with low income, what they want in need of services.

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adomgon1: However, this is not the case for basic urban services. Therefore they really situation that it's more evident for social setting. This we have an more red disability character than for. But you run services. We have a more discriminative character.

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adomgon1: This vessel in play contribution to to the local warfare ratings, and they effort on quality of lions of his special inequality in CD. Specifically introducing an institutional approach to and Jen's Cross national Comparation of treaties, showing that it is through the effort of local welfare readings, and therefore going beyond the classical case of studio. Crash

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adomgon1: the that the the completion for now, and we hope to continue working on this issue. Thank you very much for your attention. It's been a pleasure to be here today shedding our website with you.

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Emma Mitchell: Thank you so much, Alicia. again opening up to questions for Olivia. You can put them in the chat you can put your hand up in your your virtual hand up, or if there's anyone in the room, please let me know

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no comments from the room. Emma.

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Emma Mitchell: Okay, thank you. I'll give people a bit more time.

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Emma Mitchell: Oh, Maria, thank you.

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Maria Navarro: Okay.

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Maria Jesus Rodriguez Garcia: hey? Me again. Thank you for your presentation. I I have with you. They connected with the with the conclusion.

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Maria Jesus Rodriguez Garcia: and you see, why do you think it? Services are better? Private

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Maria Jesus Rodriguez Garcia: it, the most descent outside the regions.

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adomgon1: It's thank you. I will say yes. I think that this will of our analysis to a positive relationship between the cell phone. And in this and evaluation of services

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adomgon1: I get a values of the self-government index indicate more the centralization, this index me, more political scope and more fiscal and organizational institutional capacities. So that municipalities can provide more and better services.

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Maria Jesus Rodriguez Garcia: Okay.

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Maria Jesus Rodriguez Garcia: thank you.

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adomgon1: Thank you.

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Emma Mitchell: Thank you.

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Emma Mitchell: Okay, for our final presentation. We have Maria Common, Nevada presenting on behalf of her colleagues.

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Emma Mitchell: Maria, are you going to present in Spanish?

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Emma Mitchell: Yes, okay, that's fine. I'll just flag that for the audience. So Mary, is our final presentation, and she'll be presenting in Spanish. So you you can take that as your queue if you like to say goodnight. And those of us who speak Spanish can stay around for the conversation.

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Emma Mitchell: thank you. Maria.

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Maria Navarro: Okay, thank you so much. Emma. And Hello, everybody. My name is my

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Maria Navarro: talking.

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Maria Navarro: Yeah.

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Maria Navarro: at the month.

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Maria Navarro: A,

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Maria Navarro: a

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Maria Navarro: yeah. And

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Maria Navarro: okay, thank you so much.

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Emma Mitchell: So I'm aware that we're 2 min away from ending. I just wanted to say to those people in Melbourne. Unless there's any questions from the room there.

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Emma Mitchell: No, no, no, I I I I'm the only one left here. Yeah, I thought that might be the case. Well, thank you for your patience as but and thank you so much for launching the zoom and and sharing in person. I think I'll take that as a chance to release you. And then we can continue the conversation for those of us

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Emma Mitchell: online who can speak Spanish. But we'll continue the kind of conversation here. So thank you so much for your help tonight. Thank you. Good to see you.

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Maria Jesus Rodriguez Garcia: Thank you.

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Emma Mitchell: Any questions from the those present on zoom.

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Manuel Romero: Okay, yes. I wanted to to make a question. Sorry for interrupting you before I thought, yeah, it will be it will.

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Manuel Romero: And the declination, yeah.

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Manuel Romero: And

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Manuel Romero: well, now, but it won't. That book. Will you see that I

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Maria Navarro:  Well, thank you so much. Everyone.

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Emma Mitchell: I we've we've passed our time. But I think if it, those of you who who want to kind of continue the conversation. Then. I welcome you to stay online and and continue that conversation. But from here in Australia. I think I'll close off as as it's getting late here.

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Emma Mitchell: thank you for Some really interesting presentations and conversation. I only wish we'd had more time to be able to continue the conversation together afterwards. in.

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Maria Jesus Rodriguez Garcia: Thank you very much. Thank you very much.