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hello, everybody.

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It looks like welcome to the session on digital skills and digital citizenship, or I should say, digital citizenship.

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because we have

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in the meantime, until everyone

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it seed it and at home. And also here in the room.

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I can give a little introduction.

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We have. First, we have plan to do 2 sessions, one and digital skills and one on digital citizenship

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and some some presentations were overlapped, and and we were told to have one common session.

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and then we got so many abstracts.

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Then we got told, can you please make 2 sessions out of it. So now we got 2 sessions and we group the papers together so that we have one more and digital skills. That was the first one, and this one is more on digital citizenship.

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 and which, of course, is also connected.

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When I say we, this is me and Alina Alastair. Unfortunately she was not able. She had to cancel Melbourne, a Melbourne trip, and she cannot be with us today. I was hoping that she would make it to be online and to give her presentation. Unfortunately, she can't do that, either. It teams. I'm really sorry about that. I hope she's will be better soon.

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He gives us a little bit time for a discussion. A little bit more time for discussions, though, and we have.

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We don't have to rush through the papers so quickly.

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Okay, and let's get started with the first presentation.

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But by by how sign?

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Yes, now

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I all have to do. Is this? Right? It just

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all I have to do is this right?

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I just click the first presentation.

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Oh, okay, this is what you meant. Okay, okay.

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so

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are there?

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Okay, here we go.

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And now I hide. Yes.

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I. maybe. Okay. yeah. And hide this as well. It is. This is

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oh, sorry. No.

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no, no, yes, yeah. In high, floating media. So they can see everything. Yes.

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that's me. Yeah.

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Okay, so

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hi, good morning, everyone. Thank you, Natalia. And

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I'd like to begin by acknowledging that we are amazing on the lands, the traditional land of the or Andrew people of the Colon nation, and I pay my respects to the elders, both past and present, and others from other communities who may be here today. I'm especially grateful for all the opportunities this can offer to me for study and work and meet everyone here today.

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I'm Hal Jen. I'm currently in the final year of my Phd. Studies at Dicke university.

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So my research examines Chinese, queer female students, transnational transitions in Australia.

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and in this paper I investigate how they seek safe spaces for self-expression and civic engagement on social network sites.

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As mentioned, this paper is based on my Phd. Research project, which sits in the intersection of queer studies, youth, studies, and migration mobility studies. I draw on the theoretical approach of queer temporality and get informed by the nuanced mobile transitions, conceptual framework to study Chinese, queer female students, transitions in Australia.

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In doing so, my research seeks to contribute to understanding this population's queer and adult identity making and relate them to complicating, thinking about young people's transitions to adulthood.

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The overarching research question I ask in this paper is, what is the functionality of social network sites in Chinese, queer female students, transnational transitions.

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And specifically, I ask. how do Chinese queer female students express and represent their core? Identity on social network sites

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have their gender and sexuality brought any motivations or tensions to their digital practices and discourses.

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moved on to the research field work. 20 participants, aged from 20 to 34, were recruited across Melbourne, Sydney, Atlet and Perth.

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They are all from the Prc. And used to be our currently our international students in Australia.

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I had a 2 stage approach in my data collection. I met twice with my participants for semi structured in death interviews and social media scrollback interviews. In 2021 I undertook in person and online interviews to mitigate the pandemic's interruptions in traveling and meet ups. So here's just a hint about the context. We have

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so-called the longest lockdown in Melbourne. So that was really hard. And I started my Phd in 2,020. So basically, I'm a covid baby of my ph, d.

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here is a snapshot of the

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scroll back interviews. So before and during the interview I asked my participants if they feel comfortable, taking screenshots of their posts, and sent these pictures to me afterwards.

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I I have to say I'm really honored to have a associate. Professor Brady robots here, who is the author of this social media scopeback interviews and thank you for the opportunity for me to showcase my use of this method, which is really wonderful. especially, it helps me to expand the the content I can collect from my interview, because

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the social media posts can be from like 10 years ago. So thank you so much. I hope that

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contribute something to your method as well. All right, let's move to our participants stories here.

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Titty is a 22 year old master student in Sydney. This post came from her way board when she was at a supposed to be found movie night with her classmates in Australia. She wrote

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where friends giggle about their boy crushes when classmates gossip about each other's relationship stories, when people gather and watch heterosexual Chi 0 man's drama, and where every one oops with excitement after my childhood friend confesses how she wants to marry her long term boyfriend. I'm soaked in loneliness at this lively, lighthearted and similarly chilling moments

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Titty never shared her loneliness as a non straight person with her classmates in Australia. Since the burden could be huge, she declared. If I want to share my personal story or personal life. I need to come out first, even though I'm sure most of my classmates will not have a problem with that I cannot just randomly say I'm gay. In front of so many people.

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Cold dance

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alternatively. Titty saw wayboard as a preferred place to express her heart, wrenching feelings of alienation, using a random screen name and having no offlying friends. Following her on Weibo, Titty transferred, transformed her wayboard into a personal refuge when she felt upset

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for Tt. We will provide it a digital space for comfort and privacy. It is a space where she found ease in expressing and documenting intimate thoughts and feelings to be frank about not fitting into social norms, to counter the pressure from heteronomativity and marginalization, and more broadly.

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to seek autonomy and personal space in her transnational, everyday life.

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In addition to self expression and documenting Chinese. Queer female students also use social network sites to stall memories simultaneously for this group of mobile young people who traveled overseas and moved frequently during their studies. Social network sites provide hyperlinked storage of memories for users to navigate data management in a mobile context.

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For example, before the Scrobe scroll back, interview Allison, a 27 year old graduate, living in Sydney, apologized for not finding any photos of herself before she moved to Australia.

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she explained. I did not lose them. I saved these photos on my old phones and hot drives. I did not have the time to find them. Since I recently moved house.

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Alice Inland declared that she has used wayboard for her online diary. In more recent times she emphasized her reasons and purposes of posting on this platform, as quote, just to document the Happy moments, document myself, and to find a convenient storage, place and emotion outlet.

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During the interview. Allison showed me several posts as examples of her keeping a life journal. On this platform she recalled that after experiencing a severe panic attack and urged her to, which urged her to come out to family. She panned down a long text describing this incident, and posted on way war. She considered this post a memoir for herself to document and stone memory of a life changing event in her identity, making

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Brenda in what and also she posted on the way ball.

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When I invited her to show me the post during interview, she disappointedly responded.

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Quote, we board might delete my post because it is actually my coming out story, so that may help you draw the dots here, Alison. That explained to me that her label account once got suspended, so she was not allowed to post, to come to make comments, to do anything with her accounts. due to reposting feminist advocative content.

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This unpleasant experience of losing freedom of speech compelled her to anticipate on friendly scrutiny and involuntary content. Deletion by platform modulation.

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drawing on participants, narratives. Weibo was also a platform for practices and discourses of online civic engagement, especially for issues of Chinese women and sexual minorities.

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Many, many Chinese, queer female students like to repost or like Alice's content, as a subtle but direct way to demonstrate their care and concern. Far away from China.

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In Allison's case, due to this form of engagement in the family's social movement on social network sites, her personal digital space was invaded, and the ambiguous but expanding hatred, patriarchal surveillance and censorship

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She could not help but lose confidence in the safety of her Weibo content, and come to assume that the loss of her post could be a regulatory result against her queer identity.

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We eventually found that post on Alison's profile, so we will do not delay it. But from this incident you can tell how the seat of distrust and insecurity has been implanted.

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and this haunting anticipation of being censored has rattled Chinese queer female students. Confidence in documenting their everyday life in unwave war, discouraging them from freely expressing themselves as Chinese, queer females, and feeling safe about their existence representation, and especially their stalled memories

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already getting used to being censored. Titty joked.

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there are 3 things on my way. Ball, emotional breakdowns, catminds and band altributy movements.

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All right. In this paper I examined Chinese queer female students, digital practices, and discourse on Weibo, which granted them a sense of privacy, comfort, and convenient while leaving far away from China

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the 3 aspects of the functionality of vibr documenting, everyday life and emotions, storage and retrieval of memories and civic engagement demonstrate Chinese, queer female students. Complex use of social network sites in transnational context.

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At the same time we will. Censorship of feminist and queer content limits the trust and confidence of their safety. On this platform

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building. On this findings I proposed the idea

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of queer digital margins to categorize this dynamic digital space that simultaneously accommodates and enforces the marginalization of mobile young Chinese queer females

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that brings us to the end of the presentation. I want to use the stories of Titty and Allison to illustrate the motivations and disruptions of Chinese, queer female students seeking safe spaces of self for self expression and civic engagement. This paper conceptually distinguishes and analyzes the functionality of social network sites

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in a transnational context and unveils the tension and complexity in queer international students, digital practices arising from hatred, patriarchal surveillance and censorship of queer identity

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by positioning wave war as an arguably individual-focused and personal digital space with substantial limitations. I want to add new insights into the scholarship of queer youth and migrant digital cultures through a non-western-centric approach.

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Leveraging these insights, I show that attending closely to users experiences of marginalized identity, representation raises questions about social networks, functionality and contributes to new ways of thinking about the conventional, queer young people's use of digital media.

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Thanks. That's all

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for me today. And I look forward to your comments and questions.

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Thank you so much.

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Do you do question now? Or it's okay. Yeah. I think I think we're talking about. Well, he has not showing up

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the last some morning, it also in the end, for the common exception. But

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so, my.

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yeah, we should check.

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Okay, no better than me. Yes.

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yeah. So

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that's the reference. By the way, okay, we're back. So here we go.

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No, no, not yet.

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And nothing from the online audiences at this moment.

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But can we see the

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maybe we need to stop share? Yeah, yes. You say, okay, here's a question. Can you please come up to the to?

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I'm like, yes, but on this mic they can't hear online. No? Oh, they can. Okay, yeah, right? Oh, there's another one.

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It's how you always do the best presentation. I just want to congratulate you once again for another great presentation.

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Our question is on, I guess, resistance practices, and I wondered if you could just speak about the participants.

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how they, how they try and evade detection, because I know there's all kinds of clever ways in which people write, so they detection one, if you need to speak to the ways in which, as a genetic, you know, young, queer women, they actually engage in these really clever.

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Thank you for a question. It's a great question. I think, to respond to that. I want to raise an example. I I've encountered in the fieldwork for my last study, which is about the double marginalization of Chinese lesbians on social media, and that was for my honest thesis, and that

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one of the example I used was, there was a an anonymous page for lesbian sex practices. So that was a page, for they have like tips for all the Lesbians to to learn about how to have sex, and because it can be quite easy to fold down to the censorship stroke, and the the description and the text can be quite sensitive. So they actually

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turn down the picture of the tags. So they use that as a picture, and they tend like upside down with with the text, and then it at some really random picture like, maybe, like all you're painting from eighteenth century. So it's totally irrelevant, and it attach all things together to make a really long picture and turn it upside down

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so as far if you are not looking in detail or like, look into it. You'll think that's just a random panting, but it's actually have context in it. And I have had text in it. So that's just a really specific way they try to like

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escape from the scrutiny, but I have to say that account has already been taken down in 2,019. So, even though they have tried all this

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techniques, and you know but tricks. But they cannot do. They cannot escape from the the censorship either. So it's it's a. It's a failure, unfortunately, but that's just show how much effort they made to to try to stay stay online. Yes.

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Do we have a question?

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Yeah.

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thanks for the presentation. when you say you find this online community, and we both a private space for this people. So I'm wondering in terms of price. A private space. Who else have access to this space is just for them themselves that I I don't. I don't think they make much kind of many sense for them as. And also about this online community, they're trying to form of

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forge. So what are the ties or a mechanics that help them to sustain this kind of community. Okay. thank you for a question. I think that's a really interesting part of my study is to kind of disconnect, or

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like reposition, social media or social network sites as as a place to connect with others. So in on, like on Tt's case. Like as I just introduced, there was no one there like she was the only one. Have the not

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everyone have access to her content, but because this is such a big platform. And she's like using really random name. And there's nothing to be identifying his identity, her identity. So it's very hard for other people to identify who this accounts owner is. So even though it's hyper-public, it's also contribute to some privacy which is really interesting, and

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about the civic engagement part. I think they are not posting it to be at the frontier or the frontline of some social movements. They are reposting and liking and commenting. It's more like a demonstration or echoing of their identity because they are Chinese. Queer females. They are young women. They are trying to use this way to

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 to to share their kind, to to demonstrate their consents. And it's more like a self-expression rather than to be engaged in a social movements when they are doing this. Their foremost thinking was how this

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crisis or this problem is related to my identity. So I hope that kind of how and I have to say, this is working. you know, it's a still like a working project. So I'm happy. I'm so thankful for all these comments, and it definitely helped me to shape the my, my arguments and forward, and and to have a clear identification. of my my arguments here. So, yeah, thanks, cool

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thanks for your presentation. It was actually pretty much what you said. I was interested in the civic engagement practices. and whether they may be kind of spilled over into other issues as well, or

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What other things besides I'm liking and reposting they did, but I think you kind of answered it already. Okay.

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thank you. Yeah. So I had so much trouble with like writing that part in my chapters and papers, because I don't know how I can categorize this as kind of a civic engagement, because their purpose was not to be like, you know, really vocal about the problems and and being seen as a as a person who will be a a vocal, they are. Just try to stay stuce.

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they anonymous. But I think that's a way for them to when they are in Australia, and what they feel anxious and concerned about the situation of their peers, of their community are going through in China. They they are trying to use this way to to express, to demonstrate what they feel about their identity. And that's that's part of their engagement, even though it's as I said, subtle, yeah.

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thank you so much.

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You okay, so we do. Chess Creek in

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to session display.

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Okay.

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we welcome our next speaker, Sharon, from the Philippines, who will talk about digital citizenship and global civic engagement, a young among young Filipino medicines.

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There's a few.

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And then for the

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full screen here. Sorry for that. Yeah.

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I don't know why. It's not full screen already.

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And here in the

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here. Oh, sorry. Okay, perfect. Thank you.

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Hi, everyone. I'm Jerome from the Philippines. And I'm going to be presenting to you my study, entitled A Digital Citizenship and Global Civic Engagement among young Filipino Netizens.

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so this is the basically the topic outlined. So I have my declarations, introduction methods, results, and discussions like everyone else.

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So just a few declarations to get them out of the way. So acknowledgment to that. I saw University and the Lsu Science Foundation for funding my attendance in this particular Congress I have no conflict of interest to declare, and the contents and assertions that I will make with does not necessarily reflect those of my department in the university, and unless I indicate that the pictures are taken somewhere.

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I generated them using AI

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because, yes.

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anyway. So

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so this study was born in the context of the ever growing rate of Internet population, Internet penetration in the world, which is noted to be 64.6 in early 2,023, over 5 billion people have spent 12.5 trillion hours online in the same year. As for the Philippines.

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around 85 of the country's 104 million Filipinos are on the Internet, and for almost a decade the Philippines has been branded. The Internet or the social media capital of the world, because our country has the highest rates

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of Internet and social media use in terms of number of people and hours spent online in the Philippines in the world. Youth and emerging adults are the age brackets with the highest Internet penetration. Hence there is a reason to believe that our young are digital natives, or what we commonly call back home as Netizens.

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late millennials and Gen. Z. Youth of our time spent most of their lives online. Thus, youth, digital citizenship has become a curiosity of scholars worldwide, you know, just like we have a lot of presentations here today.

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several social scientists have doubled upon and offered their definition of digital citizenship and attempted to characterize who the digital citizen is taken together. These conceptualizations describe digital citizenship as a range of attitudes.

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our value skills. And these positions are related to the positive and safe engagement of individuals and groups in the digital world, a digital citizenship at sorry a digital. This citizen behaves respectfully online and engages in social culture and political spheres of digital life.

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Our activities and relationships online are linked to our offline activities and relationships. Psycho offered the sociology of techno-ocial life, describing how the digital and offline spheres have become enmeshed. Moreover, the digitally mediated model of mobilization supports the idea that online platforms and digital pools

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can serve as capitalists for civic and political engagement leading to increased offline in a political participation. This has been corroborated by many meta-analytic evidences which suggests that online citizenship behaviors tend to spill over actual civic engagement. Contrary to the claims of slack division which usually has a negative connotation

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Internet based platform such as social media exposes its users to global cultures and social political issues beyond their localities. For instance, the Internet is arguably a major reason why Filipinos have learned about Western based social movements such as Black Lives matter, hashtag need to movement and protest related to attacks against trans. Person, and drag queens

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being exposed to these concerns in other parts of the world, may have to help Filipino youth reflect on their own experiences and struggles.

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Some of these have similar movements in the Philippines, like, for example, we have the Hashtag-bayek in the midst of the pandemic. It's translated as I am a woman which was largely parallel to the meato movement

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more over Filipinos online. Also get to be exposed to and have access to information regarding contemporary global issues, such as climate change, the recent COVID-19 pandemic and the increasing inequality and authoritarianism that we have been discussing here in the school conference, and compelling to act and address them.

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I argue that through living in the digital world the youth also become people of the world. Of course there are many arguments about that, but at least for here there is a reason to believe that Filipino young digital citizenship citizens are more likely to participate in various forms of global civic engagement. Following the conceptualization of Maurice and Ogden. This study defines global civic engagement as the recognition of the interconnectedness of local national and global social issues.

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And their response towards these issues appealing to the digital imitated model of mobilization. The hypothesis that I would like to test for this study is that digital citizenship will positively predict

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domains of global civic engagement among Filipino Us. Citizens.

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So the investigation is actually a larger part of an online survey study that explored value citizenship behaviors among college students. To test the particular hypothesis of this study, I use a quantitative cross-sectional correlational design and use an online survey method. The target population are legal. H. Young social media users that are ge allocated in the Philippines and those attending college education in the country.

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I utilize convenience and snowball sampling and recruited respondents via social networks and public postings in various social media platforms. A priori sampling size. Calculation was done by a Dana sopers. Online software, 150,

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based on the number of covariates needed for this research. for each of the 3 models, a minimum sample size of 291 was needed for to achieve ideal 0 point 8 power, and the number of advantage respondents that I got from the particular recruitment was 700

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to measure the independent variable. I adopted the youth digital citizenship scale by Jones and Mitchell. This 11 items scale assesses, the extent to which young users engage in positive.

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respectful, and pro-social actions while online. This includes anticipatory reflection of effects of content prior to posting in private and public domains, presenting positive attitudes and expressions online and using online platforms for good. So these are some examples of the items in that scale

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for the dependent variable. I use the global citizenship scale by Maurice and Obden, which is specifically specifically, it's 7 item, global civic engagement component, which has 3 domains. First is involvement in civic organization which refers to intentions to join, offer personal services and talents, and donate money to civic organizations related to global issues. Second,

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is political voice which refers to reported intentions, to actively increase public awareness regarding global issues in various ways and channels. And third is global civic activism which referred to actions.

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All the respondents to show support organizations sensitive to global issues and non-support to those that are known to contribute largely to this and negatively to this issue. So again, I have sample items here based on those scales.

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Both the digital citizenship and global civic engagement scale were answered using a 5 point like 5 point response scale one strongly agree. 5 strongly agree, although and then the higher discourse, the higher the levels also, both skills of robust psychometric properties, including internal consistency and factor structure. More over the skills yielded acceptable combat. Alpha, scores of beyond 0 point 8 for the specific sample that we use

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for this present study? These were the controls covariates that we use as controls. So the the was that were included where age, sex assign at birth categories as male or female, sexual and gender status categorized as this gender, heterosexual versus Lgbtq, plus

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religious affiliation, categorized as Catholic or non- Catholic Catholic being the dominant religion in the Philippines. Residential location, those living within the national capital region which is the urban center of our country and those living outside it, and the household income categorize a slow middle in middle and high, based on the national economic Development authority categorizations.

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So very quickly, let's move on to results. Majority of the respondents were between 18 to 20 years old. Female identify a cisgender, heterosexual, affiliated with a Catholic village on living outside the Ncr. And living in middle income households.

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 and then the descriptive results also suggest that digital citizenship was relatively high while global civic engagement was relatively moderate.

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My various statistical analysis were applied to identify significant correlates of the 3 domains of global civic engagement, digital citizenship, which is the depend independent, variable of interest, demonstrated a significant positive correlation with the 3 domains of global civic engagement.

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but also sex and sex gender and sexual identity, religion and residential location were found to be significant covariates of at least one domain of global civic engagement with females, Lgbtq respondents, Catholic and non-ncy correspondents reporting higher levels.

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And so the significant covariates were included in the models that predict the 3 domains of global civic engagement and were examined using multiple regression. All models significantly predict all the means explaining at least 10% of the variance of the domains. Model number one, as viewed in this slide, suggests that female respondents living outside and Cr reporting higher levels of digital citizenship, or observed to have higher involvement in civic organizations

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for modern number 2. It suggests that respondents who are assigned female at birth to identify as Lgbtq plus exhibiting higher levels of digital citizenship, were observed to have a higher scores of political voice.

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And for the third model it suggests that respondents who are assigned female at birth identify as Lgbtq plus reporting higher levels of digital citizenship, or observed to have higher scores of global civic activism. Despite being a by vibrate covariate Religion did not significant estimates

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the findings and so the findings fully confirm the techno social and digital immigrated models of mobilization hypotheses that was proposed in the beginning of the study which I posted. Digital citizenship facilitates global civic engagement youth who are digital citizens or who who who report to do citizenship behaviors online demonstrate actions and intentions related to global citizenship.

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Digital citizenship allows for personalized political participation in critical resistance. The findings in this investigation corroborate with the resource of a previous study, that, of a previous study that I did with students to direct and outbound, noting the Philippine students who demonstrate competence in social media use arguably another configuration of digital citizenship

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engaged in various forms of political participation.

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Our study also generated interesting peripheral results. One is that global civic engagement is shaped by gender females and Lgbtq plus individuals scored significantly higher compared to their male and cisgender heterosexual counterparts in most domains.

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This finding may be explained by the social identity theory of political participation which posits that an aspect of an individual self-concept gender, for instance, is constituted by one's membership in groups, and such identity motivates political behavior in a cisgender heeter of patriarchal society that we are living in. It can be argued that females and other gender and sexual minorities have more state in engaging in global issues

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that also affect their well-being. This was also confirmed in the same previous study that I mentioned in the previous slide that that female and Lgbtq. Plus individuals, are more likely to engage in social media political participation.

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Another interesting peripheral, finding that we were able to get was that there was increased global civic organization involvement among those who live outside the capital.

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 there was only one study, particularly locally, that I was able to see to kind of explain this findings. So there was a study by Santa Maria in the Astro, who suggests that a probable reason why rural youth are more likely to engage in civic in, in, who are really to involve themselves in civic organization, is because they compared to urban

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urban use, there are more They could not civic engagement as to pro-sociality and closer to their values in the rural areas. So this was the particular explanation that I last want to for this pretty Federal findings. Of course. the study has the studies. The findings must be viewed in the light of its limitations. The first, of course, is the inherent methods bias that comes with online surveys and non-random samples.

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So the study is for sectional and the target participants are homogeneous, their college students that are found outside the We within social media. So findings cannot necessarily speak for Philippine to use outside universities and online spaces. Given this, we cannot confidently in for full generalizability and causality of the results, and this usually comes with any online survey, cross, sectional design such as

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this. Nevertheless, this results provide, you know, insights regarding the relationships of the social constructs of interest which have not yet been explored previously in published literature among Ph. Youth at Filipino youth.

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So this is this slide is basically just a reiteration of the findings. So the findings highlight, the promotive role of digital citizenship.

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particularly the positive engagements on 9 on global civic engagement. Among young young medicines. Moreover, gender and geolocation are appear to be salient factors that influence global civic engagement. These are my reference, and thank you for lending me your ears.

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Thank you so much for your presentation.

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Thank you for the presentation. I was wondering whether a little bit about the urban rural divide. But I'm really interested in that. And is there anything else you can say about it, especially in terms of which types of

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activities or you know the 3 types you had. I I I can't remember all of them. But I would assume that the activist was less in urban in rural areas. Is that what you found? Or could you say more about that. I think my friends here would. Would my friends here from the Philippines are more in and mentioned that particular area. But I would say

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that because the the particular domain that they were higher in was involvement in civic organizations compared to those in the urban area. So I would. I would based on my observations. Most likely the civil society organizations would usually go to rural areas because they had. They had much like compared to

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Erez Agmoni, Ncr. Which already is quite the well-being of youth, may have been higher in those areas compared to those living in rural use. That would be like a suspicion that I have 150.

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That's why they have higher engagements.

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Okay, then, I take the chance. I have a question for you. Would your conclusion be that compared to to political offline political participation like joining and political organization, and so on, that this is that

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here we see that

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online participation that girls benefit from that possibility because they're at least where would that be?

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Oh, I to conclude, I I think that not really. I don't think I have the the measures that I use particularly for global civic engagement in particular.

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was not really spacing whether it's offline or online. So, for example, in global civic engagement. They will ask you, I boycott organizations that contribute to. So you can do that online. You can do that. Offline. The independent variable is the one that's really, you know, doing things online. So I, and particularly because this, the this case, that this, the particular 2,011 scale that I use for global certificate

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in the Internet conversations on civic engagement wasn't so strong yet. So I guess that that's one of the one of the things that I could infer. But I I couldn't really say for like, really confidently, because the measures was really kind of didn't say whether it was done on. Like, for example, I plan to donate in a specific civic organization whether it's going to be online or offline.

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It's not really specified in the tool. So we can argue that maybe it's online as well. But what? But basically, I'm coming from the, from the, from the suspicion that and the theorization that if you are exposed online or exposed to global issues, when you are, you know, when you are a citizen, or when you think of yourself as a citizen online, you, the global issues are also your state.

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So you engage in the civic engagement. Whether that's online offline at that I cannot particularly infer that from the results. Because the survey didn't really specify that context. I, I was able to answer your question. Thank you. Yeah, thank you very much.

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Yeah, yeah, yeah, someone online.

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Okay? And do you think I

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take the chance again? And do you think that it would come to different results if you don't ask for the plan for the willingness.

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I was kind of scared because she's also doing quantitative. yeah, because the way it was asked us really more of my I intend to. I intend to. So it's not really more of an actual behavior. So it's really more of intentions. I this is really because of you know what the scale kind of demanded and really follow. You know, the psychometrics of the scale. But yeah, so that's another sort of question in the win that I would like to kind of throw.

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when, when reflecting on this findings, yeah, thank you for pointing that out. Yeah, I would be sure to put that in that caution and the disclaimers in the study when I

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and I fully write it. Thank you.

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Okay, thank you very much.

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Let's move on to the next weekend. Yes.

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here

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ice cream

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should just be able to.

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Oh, I think it's because it's a Pdf, yeah.

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 okay.

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ready.

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Now we welcome, Brady.

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Please go ahead with your presentation. Thank you so much, Natalia, and thank you. Everyone for being here. I know it's a tough one the the last day of the morning after the farewell party. So thank you for coming. I also want to acknowledge traditional owners and custodians of the land that we're meeting on today. We made on the unsated lands of the laundry people of colon nations, and I pay my respects to their elders, past and present.

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 I really also want to say that I loved so much those first 2 papers. Thank you, though they were fantastic. I'm not going to talk so much about digital citizenship. But I will talk a little bit about digital skills. and maybe the leap towards citizenship is in there as well, so yeah. My name is Brady Robards. I'm a associate professor of sociology at Monash University, which is here in Nam, Melbourne, Australia. And I work in the sociology of youth and digital media.

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And today I'm going to talk a little bit about a project that I've been doing funded by the Australian Research Council on social media and how young people use social media in the context of their imagined employment futures.

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and I'll talk a little bit about that. That context shortly. But essentially, this work is about this paper in particular, is about how young people manage a sense of professional identity on social media, while also I'm going to be looking at some of their anxieties and pressures around, imagining their employment futures through their own social media use.

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This paper is very much in development, hopefully under review in the not too distant future. So any feedback is really welcome. My co-author, Darren Graf. could not be here today, but he's been a major contributor to this work and also to the the wider study that I'll talk about very briefly.

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So a little bit of context where this paper is situated in the literature we're having to contribute to the research takes place in the context of a really broad sense of concern, increasing sense of concern about reputation, privacy, and how young people's futures might be impacted upon or negatively affected by social media use.

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there's also for those of you who work in this space. I will not need to tell you this, but there's really extensive research looking at young people's social media, privacy, practices and cultures. for for quite a while now, for several years this research has been established and really well done, and also in terms of how young people imagine audiences on social media, so how they manage impression through those imagined audiences.

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However, this is rarely done specifically in the context of employment futures beyond these kinds of panics around what future bosses might think about the post that young people make

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today. So there's often this kind of Boogie, man of a a future boss that is conjured up in some of these narratives and moral panics around young people's social media use. And this project really seeks to zoom in on that that imagining of future employers.

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The work also takes place and is inspired through theoretical frameworks developed by people like Duffy and Chan on the imagined surveillance. which we know steers self-presentation practices for young people on social media.

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the broader context as well, of course, is that this research takes place in a, in an environment where there are increasingly blurred lines between personal and professional lives. which vary significantly, of course, between the different kinds of work that people undertake and the different kinds of careers people imagine.

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I'm also thinking about career and I'm inspired by the work of David Frugier. Here I'm thinking about career, not just as a biographical structure, but a discursive resource for crafting the self where significance of notions of career may have intensified despite the objectively precarious nature of the youth labour market. Those are Dave's words.

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There's also some really interesting emerging research. Looking at how young people conceptualize professional identity on social media. and this project takes to contribute to that, that literature. So the research question that I'm left with today is around, what strategies do young people use to manage privacy and create professional identities or not on social media as they prepare for these imagined employment futures.

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So the context of the study. I'm going to speak just about one of 4 pillars in the broad research design today. the first 2 pillars were more content. Analysis. One was looking at news media analysis of stories of people being fired.

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I'm from social Media Post, which is published in the journal, social media and society. The second pillar was looking at an analysis of school social media policies which we're working on at the moment. And then this third most substantive pillar is involved focus groups with young people. we ran 13 photo focus groups with 72 young people age between 16 to 35, and the groups were including high school based groups. So you know, 1617 year olds in Australia, retail and customer service workers. There are 3 of those creative workers.

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health workers, people in education government. And there was also a mixed Lgbtq group because of our research interest in in that that group. And then there was a fourth pill that I won't speak about today, but but which I'm happy to talk to people about afterwards, which is around Hr. Managers and recruiters actually use social media to vet their applicants, which is a whole other kettle of fish.

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So let me jump into some findings from this third pillar of the study.

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so where to begin? It was really clear, of course, that unsurprising to anyone who works in this area that that our participants, like has been established in many other studies that were quite savvy and nuanced in how they manage privacy on social media. They mostly had private accounts or managed their profiles in a number of different ways, had multiple profiles on the same platforms to segregate audiences

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based on their their imagined audiences as well. friending and following people at work was also quite complicated. So Finley, who was a 25 year old, non binary participant explained, when they were working in their hospitality jobs. It's pretty much okay to like, drop the veneer and chat a bit of shit with the people you're working with, but in other more professional roles, and they use the language of

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professional roles, not not for profit or company places. They felt they had to sort of be all like on all the time. So sharing my social media would be too revealing. They said, so. This is a great example, I think of how young people who have multiple jobs modulate the presentation of self on social media based on the kinds of employment context they're in. So what's appropriate for the retail environment was not appropriate for them or company corporate sort of jobs that they were in as well.

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So I think this is a nice example of that kind of boundary work between these different contexts.

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using different platforms for different audiences and groups was also really common. So Mitch, for example, here spoke about how he used different platforms in different ways. He explained that he wouldn't put anything controversial on Facebook because he had such a wide network of people there, whereas on other platforms, like Instagram, he had a much smaller network of close friends, where he could post more freely without worrying about all the people, how all the people in his wider network might read it.

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A related privacy strategy was maintaining multiple profiles on the same platform. So David, for example, talked about how he and his friends used a second account on Instagram. You know the phenomenon of finsters as well established by people like Duffy and Chan as well, where one was more public and the other was their more personal life. You know not the one that we use to show the wider spectrum of people. So there was this real sensitivity to a a kind of imagined audience segregation strategy going on here.

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Lucy also spoke about maintaining multiple profiles and varied what she posted across them, using aliases and pseudonyms as well, she said, I tend to really filter the content, so that I'm posting very little on my main accounts. That's more just for people who know me. And then I have other accounts that I have under different names where I can post more freely. So you can see these narratives about freedom. and a real sense of control emerging here around their their kind of control practices.

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Lucy, in particular, was careful to manage her posting and privacy strategies because she wanted to go into a career in midwifery, which she saw as requiring a particularly professional kind of image. Because the job meant that she was in a trusted role. With very high expectations.

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she explained. I have to be very conscious of what I post, especially if I share opinions about childbirth, for instance, and and midwifery practices. I have to be very, very careful about that not to share a lot of information about what I'm doing or who I'm working with, because that can have an impact on my career in the future.

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So this is quite striking. I think that these sort of narratives about career impact really start to shape into young people's imaginings of their social media use from quite an early age. So in their in their teens.

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our participants in this study also, reflected on how their social media use. They reflected on their social media over a long period of time as they scroll back through old posts or as old postal resurface to them algorithmically. such as the On this day function in in Facebook and Instagram, which is something I've explored a little bit in in previous work through the kinds of methods. That how was, how was talking about?

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Cody, for instance, explained how he would periodically review old posts to decide if he wanted to leave them or delete them.

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he said. while over the last year, when memories because when memories pop up on Facebook like on this day. So if I say something that's like, you know, maybe a little cringe, or whatever, I'll just delete it there as far as tweets. Probably every couple of weeks I scroll back through and save the tweets I, tweet are still necessary on my profile. So you see, these examples of these highly kind of reflexive strategies of

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editing the project of self in in ways that I've written about this with Shaun Lincoln in the past, where people are going back and revising that kind of social media histories to see whether they align with their current imagined identity.

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Cody was a particularly interesting case as well because he worked in a marketing team, so he was especially aware of the image he was presenting, both personally and professionally.

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another participant. Ali described going back through her profile when she used to post permanent posts. But now she tends to post more temporary stories that have a limited time period of visibility.

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she said. I used to go back and edit the post that I thought were embarrassing, because that's probably what they were, and well, nowadays I just don't do permanent posts. I just put on my story, and that's a temporary 24 h window. So it's all temporary. So Ali's reflecting here on this kind of shift in storytelling that moves to this more ephemeral form of social media posting through

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because of her reluctance to commit anything to the Instagram Grid, for instance, that is a bit more permanent, and stays there for a longer period of time until it's deleted.

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So while the move to more temporary forms of posting on social media are, I think, welcome because of. They give users more control over how they share and with whom

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there are limitations here around control and context that I'll come back to shortly around screenshotting, for instance.

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however, they do in some ways start to challenge this persistent by default. Logic of earlier forms of social media where posts would stay up until deleted. And there has been some research here already. scholars like Handicide and Ring Rose and Mandel have have written a lot about the the turn to more ephemeral forms of social media which The young people in my study have certainly taken up and and internalized these these pressures and anxieties around ephemeralality and the persistence of digital traces as well

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in our focus groups, privacy strategies and imagining professional identities on social media are also really closely connected to current or potential employers who may view the profiles of our participants in the future.

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Often this led to quite conservative approaches to the content that they would post. For instance, Eva explained that anything she wouldn't talk about in a job interview would be out of bounds for social media use as well, which seems like such an incredibly strict bar to think about how to use social media. I won't post anything that I wouldn't mention in a job interview.

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she said. So as far as things like political views, religious views, anything like that is a slightly that has a slightly darker sense of humor, regardless of whether that makes up your current identity. If it's not to be mentioned in an interview, I probably wouldn't post it.

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Similarly Emil took a very careful approach to what he would post on social media.

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because of how future employers might interpret it, he said, I'm really cautious with regard to what I post on Instagram. I'm kind of low-key. Conscious that my potential employers might check it out, and they might form a negative opinion of me, especially in terms of like. If I go out. If I have a good time, if I refrain from posting anything just because it might come back to haunt.

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I mean, maybe I'm being a bit paranoid about this. But yeah, and this for me is where the alarm bells really start to go off in terms of how young people have really internalized these kind of moral panics and pressures about social media use. It's really clear, no worries, that's fine.

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so these conservative, cautious, and careful approaches to social media use are the product of sustained panics around what young people say and do on social media. These worries work to produce what Duffy and Chan describe as the hidden curriculum of surveillance that young people like Eva and Neil have internalized.

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My issue here is that young people always feel like their everyday use of social media is being watched. They don't have the freedom to post happy memories share their views, or experiment through digital media because of concerns about how future employers might read them, and how their posts may come back to haunt them.

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Despite these various strategies described in these previous slides about how privacy and professional identities on social media might work. For example, strict friending practices, using aliases, using different platforms for different groups, maintaining multiple profiles and regularly reviewing old posts and friends lists. That was still a concern that posts could be taken out of context.

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So how we, for instance, talks about people can take a screenshot and use it against you. Ali as well talked about how she was worried about screenshots explaining, if you delayed it, it's still there. And she talked about an example of a friend who had you know, used a social media post that that kind of came back and was always staying with you.

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So in summary our participants had developed a really complex range of privacy strategies in the focus groups that we did with them.

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often connected to emerging or imagined professional identities. The use of social media privacy tools indicates that young users are aware of how to use these privacy tools that are provided by platforms. However, the use of multiple alias accounts, processes of regularly reviewing old posts of or friends, lists

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and concerns around screenshots suggest that our participants feel that the privacy tools provided to them alone are inadequate to ensure their privacy. They often have to take extra steps to protect themselves and revisit, whether their previous choices about posts or friends align with their current selves and their imagined futures.

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And so I think this is quite concerning I know this is quite a grim note to end on, and I understand why these pressures exist around young people's social media use. But it is very alarming to me the ways that these moral panics have really been internalized and then reproduced through their social media practices. So I'll end there. This is a link as well. The QR code to a report that we've put out that that covers the study? more generally. So I'd really, you know, welcome people to have a look at the the broader report. You can just google it or follow this. QR code.

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Yeah, thank you for your time.

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Thank you. Thank you so much, Freddie, are there any questions in the room?

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I bring you the microphone.

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This is just a really simple question. I was wondering when the age where you think there's this age transition between digital expression for play and engagement shifts into this

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changes of curation.

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That's yeah. That's a good question. I think. So we we did focus groups with people as young as like 16. And even amongst that group it was very clear that now managing the social media, you some very highly strict ways. it obviously varied from platform to platform and different context. So in private group chats, you know, the pressure was a little bit less, but even there there was a sense of things could be screenshoted and taken out of context.

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so the the notion of play wasn't there very strongly in the focus groups that I did. But I wasn't really looking for that. There were a couple of examples of young people who didn't feel much pressure at all. And they were in the younger group. They? They didn't really worry about employment. And I think when it came to the the focus groups with people who were sort of towards the end of university or early on in their careers. That's when the pressure was most intense, especially after they had made that transition

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erez agmoni into a job where they might have worked for the government, or they might be an early career teacher. and they were. They had social media policies at work as well. That were really strict about you know what they could and couldn't post, even if they didn't disclose their association with the employer. 150.

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Yeah. So I think the the question about play is really interesting. I think that's something that if I did the study again I would probably probably a bit more for that. Like in previous work, I've done you know, probe specifically for more experimentation kind of work and identity work. But we didn't really look at that too much in this study. But it it's a good question. Yeah.

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Hi, Brady, I have a question. Thank you so much. great to finally have the chance to hear about your wonderful project. I think I'm always like the room next to you at a lot of events. My question is about the profile tapping. I found it really really interesting, and I found similar actions and habits in my participants about their managing their query identity, representation on social media.

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My question is about first is about their concern about how permanent the content will be on social media as you talk about. They might go back and go through their content and do some management deleting something and keep something.

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Did they actually specify what's the mechanism behind this? What? It's appropriate to stay, and something need to go

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because your contacts is about the Imagine employment. Do they do like, maybe like a one off thing, for example, before they join a new company, or like meeting new people, they might do like a really quick cleansing action, or it's just more like a habit which which I found in my participants. Story. Yeah, thank you. Yeah. It's really great set of questions, Helen.

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So many things I could bounce off there. I think the profile tapping thing is really interesting, especially in the context of gender and sexuality. a lot of my participants talked about having, for example, multiple Instagram profiles where they could quickly tie between them. And this is one of the changes in the affordances of Instagram that has They've incorporated this capacity to quickly move between accounts.

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early on in the Facebook days, you know, Mark Zuckerberg was very adamant, that we had one identity only, and that if you had more than one identity, you were hiding something right, and that logic inform those early decisions around how these platforms are actually structured which is incredibly problematic and damaging. But what we see is that users actually created their own off-label practices to manage those multiple performative contexts. And then

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the platforms, like Instagram, have integrated those you know, pract practices back into the platform itself so quickly. Tabbing between profiles is really good to see that that has become a thing, one

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in terms of what prompts people to go back. It's really good question. often. Yes. So a lot of people, when they got to the end of their studies. Now, thinking about applying for jobs, they would sometimes change their name on social media so that they weren't associated with the name that an employee might be searching for or they would. Yes, go back and do this kind of cleansing, this sort of timeline clean up.

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which is quite interesting and troubling for me as well. It's kind of like a sterilization of a younger period of life in order to satisfy, and it'd be like going through all your old photo albums and journals and being like this isn't me anymore. Throw it in the bin. I don't want anyone to ever see this like, and of course these prompt feelings of like embarrassment and

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and all that stuff. But it's nostalgia. It's our lives as well. It's like it's so. you know. Sad to think about how you know, like a 22 year old, feels judged about their 13 year old social media posting practices like that. They have that pressure that their whole life is being held to account for them in that moment.

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so yeah. And it was interesting like employee, those employment transition points, but also when people friended new made new friends, and they they joined the that, you know, followed them on their profile. I often spoke about how they would scroll back through their social media, archive through the eyes of the new person that I met so was in your colleague at work, or a new friend at university, that would think, what is this person thinking about me through my social media history? And that's such a.

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I do it myself as well. I don't have other people in the room do it as well. But this is such an interesting example of how that the profile, the digital history, comes to stand as a kind of proxy for our alcohol lives, and and there's such power in that, in terms of nostalgia and memory work. But it can also be a incredibly, you know, form of pressure right in how people are held to account or hold themselves to account in those situations as well through these moral panics and anxieties.

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Yeah, I've probably gone away over time. Bye, bye, no, no, we're we're doing great, because we have one presentation last, no problem at all.

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Yeah.

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yeah, thanks for the presentation. This is probably more of a comment than a question. Maybe you can reflect on some of your thoughts. But some years ago we had

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a project that we did where one of our

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methodologies was to open a

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Facebook group for our participants, a private one moderated by one of our researchers. it was a study on university students to, you know, share their thoughts reflecting on the study, reflecting on their university experiences, seeing posts about scholarships.

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developments of their respective universities, and we had some reluctance from students to join. You know, some people just don't like social media or maybe privacy issues. But I hadn't thought, maybe, about some of the issues that you

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brought up today as a possible reason, and that was 2,01415, 16 and 17. So Facebook had not yet become what it is now. I'm sure people would be far more reluctant to be on that kind of thing now. And also, you know, now we have a lot more, I guess. Different platforms.

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but just the ease of being able to shape post like that was really convenient on Facebook. So I just wonder what these increasing privacy and anonymity issues. You know what implications they have for using social media as a helpful tool, particularly on research with young people. I'm not sure if you've had any experience with that. Yeah, that's a great question. What was your name? Sorry.

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Okay.

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lovely. Nice to meet you. yeah, it's a really good question. This is something that I've been thinking about with colleagues and and how's work is taken up? The the idea of the scroll back method as well, where you sit with participants and scroll back through their social media histories together. So I think where we want to incorporate social media into digital research methods, especially in a qualitative way. the way you kind of scaffold, consent up and draw participants into

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your research as co-analysts of their own digital media. I think that's really key and clamor an answer as well. She's used this kind of method in her research with young people as well, to kind of actually spend time with people to talk about

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how they interpret their own social media use and how that's generative in a way that analyzing it independently of participants, you know, it can get it a lot more, because there's so much that goes on behind the scene. So I think that yeah, setting up groups or

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collecting data independently of participants on social media can be productive in in lots of ways. But I think that really embedded work where you're sitting with people and getting them to Co analyze digital, maybe together. That's where I see real value in these sorts of digital methods. yeah. Happy to talk more about that. It's very rich area. It could do a whole session on that. Actually, yeah, thank you for your question, though.

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since there is no other question, I ask a question myself. do you? You might have mentioned it in the sample description, but to me it seems like they're all very skilled and very aware, and so is it like, were these university students, or

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is it more like privileged?

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It's a bit of a mix. I'll just go back. Sorry. So I, because I don't have my notes right in front of me. But yeah, we did various focus groups. So if you say they're under methods and and groups. So we did. 3 groups of high school students, retail and customer service work as credit workers da da da. So yes, generally speaking, and I suppose you know, in this kind of study, when you put a call out for participants, you do get respondents who are more likely to be

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potentially a bit more social media savvy? It definitely wasn't representative. But there were a number of participants who

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didn't really think a lot about their privacy settings, but that would definitely in the minority, those maybe a handful of them, and they all that was. There was some interesting examples of people on the complete other end, that what they lived very publicly on social media, because they wanted to foster a following with the intention of becoming an influencer whether that was, you know, around attracting products, or they wanted to develop a

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a twitch, stream kind of audience. So they wanted to be very out there in public, or we had a drag performer actually, who was, who talked about the value of being very public, about their politics and about their opinions, because that was part of their drag. It was part of their, you know, performance life.

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So yeah. So the the there isn't. It wasn't just a kind of, you know. Singular monolith of oh, everyone has these really strict privacy strategies. Some people don't and don't care about it, of course, and some people live very publicly on social media, or present a particular form of public identity because of their employment

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goals and ambitions around becoming an influencer or attracting an audience or, yeah. So it definitely wasn't a singular, but yeah, that's a bit on the the methodology. There's more in the report on the sample.

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Learn more about your research. Thank you very much.

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Thank you.

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We have one more presentation which will be online.

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Hang Li: Hello! Good morning.

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Hang Li: Good morning.

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I have to switch

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to.

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No.

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Yep.

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hey?

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Looks great.

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Hang Li: That's great. Okay, thank you.

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Let's go ahead, Lee. Thank you.

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Hang Li: Okay. Good morning. Everyone. thanks for giving me this opportunity to join the conference online and to present my paper in this panel.

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Hang Li: in this presentation I will be speaking about social media use for socialness, life, satisfaction, and political participation among Hong Kong Young People.

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Hang Li: my name is Lee Han, and my research team members are from Hong Kong, Shi and university, and these projects is funded by the Hong Kong government.

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Hang Li: So past studies consistently review a positive relationship between social media use and political participation, and many researchers in Hong Kong have also studied young people's high level of involvement in the large scale protest in the city over the last decade, and confirmed the positive relationship.

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Hang Li: Despite the important roles of social media, in enhancing young people's well-being as well as pro-social behaviors.

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Hang Li: few empirical studies have looked deeper into the mediation role of life, satisfaction and pro social orientation. In the relationship between social media use and political participation.

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Hang Li: There are a few research gaps in the later chat

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Hang Li: existing. Lady Chair has not yet studied the different impacts of social media use for on different forms of political participation. such as the distinction between conventional form of political participation versus radical form of political participation.

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Hang Li: and the difference between types of social media uses also under examined, like the distinction between the useful entertainment, or the useful interaction.

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Hang Li: and finally, as mentioned in the background, the mediation grows of pro socialness and life satisfaction, and not yet to be fully examined

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Hang Li: to address the about research caps. The main objective of this paper is to answer the following question. how do different types of social media use influence. Different types of political participation

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Hang Li: via the mediations of pre-socialness and life satisfaction among young people in Hong Kong.

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Hang Li: Empirical data comes from the first wave survey of the longitudinal project.

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Hang Li: The first phase, first wave Survey was contacted from a November 2020 to September 2021

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Hang Li: participants were recruited from post-secondary institutions in Hong Kong

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Hang Li: a total of 882 failing responses from post secondary students will analyze in your current study

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Hang Li: the level of political participation was measured by 6 item scale adopted from Iccs. They were designed to assess 2 dimensions of political participation, namely, conventional form of participation, radical form of participation. And here are some of the item samples

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Hang Li: I use as an ais to access social media usage

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Hang Li: the 10 items from this scale. And one additional item are related to social function use and other 4 items are related to entertainment function. Use.

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Hang Li: the level of satisfaction was measured by a Sws. And you also use another 16 item, pro social and a scales for adults to assess adolescence, pro-social behavior.

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Hang Li: The goal of this study was to evaluate where the social media use was associated with political engagement among teenagers, via the mediations of for socialness and life satisfaction.

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Hang Li: and the analytical approach first involves a Cfa

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Hang Li: and the hypothesized pathways about relationship among variables in the structural equation model were then examined.

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Hang Li: This is the hypothesized model.

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Hang Li: It is hypothesized that that social media use contributes directly to both conventional, radical, politic involvement, and indirectly through the mediation of life. Satisfaction and pro socialness.

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Hang Li: For socialness is also hypothesized to positively relate to life satisfaction

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Hang Li: and It is also hy before hypothesize that conventional political participation should contribute positively to radical political participation.

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Hang Li: All right. here comes the result. First is the Cfa results

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Hang Li: we delete the item 14 under the factor of S and a I s because of 2 extreme low loading.

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Hang Li: and I don't go into detail of the Cf a result. And here they are.

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Hang Li: So let's focus on the scm research fit indices of the structural model demonstrate an overall good fit.

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Hang Li: This is the result. Apart from the relationship between life, satisfaction and radical political participation, all other pathways were significant.

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Hang Li: In 3 of the significant pathways. The directions of the effect are different from the hypothesis. Hypothesize the directions, and let me go into them one by one.

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Hang Li: Inspection of the direct effect shows that usage of social media for social function and for entertainment function were per positively associated with conventional participation

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Hang Li: that's also expected social function. Use of social media was positively associated with radical Political participation.

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Hang Li: In contrast to our expectation. Entertainment, use of social media was negatively associated with radical political participation.

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Hang Li: The mediation role of post-socialness between social media using consensual political participation was supported.

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Hang Li: Social media use for both social function and entertainment function. We're positively associated with pro-social events and pro social as in turn once associated with conventional political participation.

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Hang Li: In contrast to our expectation which you can see, those highlights in yellow who's in this was negatively associated with radical political participation.

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Hang Li: The results also concerned. They expect the relationship between social media use and life satisfaction.

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Hang Li: while social function use of social media was positively associated with life satisfaction. The use of social media for entertainment function had a negative relationship.

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Hang Li: Why, what life satisfaction, as indicated, I highlighted in yellow

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Hang Li: in contrast to the positive relationship as found in the literature from the Western contacts. Life satisfaction was negatively associated with conventional political participation.

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Hang Li: and, moreover, no set, statistically significant relationship was found between life satisfaction and radical political participation.

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Hang Li: and lastly, consistent with the findings from social movement, studies, conventional political participation, and radical political participation was positively correlated.

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Hang Li: So here comes the summary and conclusion

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Hang Li: how analysis we feel positive and direct impacts of social media use on conventional political participation

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Hang Li: and the usage of social media for social functions, increased participation in radical activism.

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Hang Li: but social media, useful entertainment functions instead, lowered radical participation.

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Hang Li: These findings are supported by the later chair, which has shown that the pre conditions of political participation should involve

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Hang Li: active information. Exchange for a social media instead of merely passive usage of social media.

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Hang Li: result of structural equation model also corroborated to mediating role of for sure that in the relationship between social media and conventional political participation

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Hang Li: it is not surprising, because the literature also suggests that young social media uses with more active interactive use, a mortal social and and more in clients, they engage in specific life.

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Hang Li: What surprising us is that our announcement? We viewed a contradictory experience of using social media in fostering life set it life satisfaction.

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Hang Li: We found that 5 satisfaction had the positive association with social function, use of social media, but a negative relationship with entertainment use of social media.

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Hang Li: Our results also indicated that life satisfaction was a negative protector of conventional political participation

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Hang Li: morals. Huh!

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Hang Li: His satisfaction with life is not directly lead to radical activism, but it first promoted political participation through conventional channels, such as legal protest and experience of conventional political participation in turn encouraged, radicalize the Ph so participation. These findings were also in line with the literature from social movement, studies

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Hang Li: which demonstrated that participants of violent protests usually had experience with ordinary forms of political participation.

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Hang Li: There are several limitations. City study as this, the data is cross section in nature.

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Hang Li: We were therefore unable to make also a session, no uncertain whether there are reciprocal relationships among variables. Moreover, the presence that study focused only on political participation as the major outcome of interest.

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Hang Li: The influences of social media use on other aspects of civic and political life among young people was still not fully explored. For example, our measurement of political political participation does not allow us to review the subtle differences among the politically passive groups.

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So this is the end of my presentation. Thank you for your attention, and I'm looking forward to questions and comments. Thank you.

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Thank you so much for your interesting presentation. Lee.

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are there any questions in room? Yes, Charlene is raising her hand. I can.

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Okay.

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we're going to meet yet. This.

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thanks so much. Hang 2 questions one, that you in Hong Kong do you labour under the same constraints of censorship on social media as the rest of the Prc.

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And then the second one is, you've spoken about social use and entertainment use. But what about this antisocial use of social media? And I'm I'm referring to things like cyber bullying. But I'm also maybe referring to use of the darknet use of kind of I don't actually want to just say pornography, because that puts a judgment into things. But what about antisocial use of social media? were you able to ask any questions about that? Thanks.

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Hang Li: all right. Thank you for the question.

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Hang Li: I I I didn't quite he Listen, Cliff, clearly for the first question, is it about the censorship of social media.

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she says, yes.

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Hang Li: And what about that?

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Hang Li: I I just listen to the keywords, but not the whole question. Sorry

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the same in Hong Kong.

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Hang Li: All right, all right, I got it. Yeah, I think it's slightly different. let me tell you, some of the context contextual background of my study.

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Hang Li: So I collect data in 2,02020. So right after the social movement in 2,000

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Hang Li: 19 in Hong Kong. So the contact should be still the same for over the 2 decades So I think the censorship issues in Hong Kong is not that

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Hang Li: it's it's different from the contacts from the Poc. So that's the my answer to the first question.

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Hang Li: And then the second question is about the anti- social use of social media. my measurement of social media use only focus on 2 aspects. So name me, the social use, social function, use and entertainment use. So I, I think, is a a good suggestion for for us to also focus on anti- social use, because it is. it's more. I think it's

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Hang Li: increasingly common in the social media

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Hang Li: world that that kind of use. Also instance their engagement specifically and politically. So thanks for your question.

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Okay, there's a question on my question from the Zoom Meeting. Frank.

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Frank Reichert: Please. Thank you. Thank you for the presentation.

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Frank Reichert: I'm a bit curious about the measures. How you how you measured political engagement.

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Frank Reichert:  so you went over those slides pretty quickly. So so maybe you headed on the slides, or maybe you even mentioned that I couldn't see it? So my question, specifically concerned with what was the timeframe? So how did you ask them? Was it like, have you ever done certain activities, have you? How often have you done them? Or was that a timeframe that you provided? Because, as you also just mentioned, there was a social movement in 2,019,

406
01:28:23.980 --> 01:28:32.839
Frank Reichert: but in 2,020 most of that had already subsided, and from from July 2,020. That was the national security legislation.

407
01:28:32.840 --> 01:29:01.630
Frank Reichert: we had the Covid pandemic, during which also protests were basically not possible. So I'm I'm really curious about also. what were the response options? What was the timeframe that you that you provided that you asked about? And how is participation distributed? You had a slide, I think on on those, but you didn't show it for very long, so I couldn't see whether there was actually any So so how? Yeah, what kind of activities and how many participants? did that?

408
01:29:02.440 --> 01:29:19.740
Hang Li: Okay, thank you for the question. Thank you for the question. And let me have the opportunity to explain the methods of my research. so the first question is about the respond options. So I'm I'm sharing my screen again so that I can explain it more clearly.

409
01:29:19.740 --> 01:29:34.489
Hang Li: So we measure 2 forms of political participation. One is conventional. So an example is ticking, parking, peaceful valley. So most likely. all the items under this category are legal

410
01:29:34.510 --> 01:29:47.260
Hang Li: form of participation, and then the second forms is the radical forms of participation, and we are responding to respond to questions. Item, like.

411
01:29:47.260 --> 01:30:13.690
Hang Li: whether you have occupied public spaces and whether you have 2 gravity in public spaces. So those are related to some illegal contact. And the timeframe we ask them to whether they have done this kind of activity within the last 6 months, and then whether they have done it more than a half years ago, and a third on the choices and none

412
01:30:13.710 --> 01:30:29.340
Hang Li: so it's related to your timeframe of our study. we contact study in under the covid pandemic, but mainly in 2 2,020. So it applies to

413
01:30:29.340 --> 01:30:44.789
Hang Li: the time when we had the protest in 2,019. So if they had participation in those protests and activities, then they can answer one in those question

414
01:30:44.790 --> 01:30:59.919
Frank Reichert: about the political participation. Sorry? Sorry, can I? Can I just interrupt? Why would they answer one? Didn't you just previously say, or did I get this wrong? that you collected data starting in November? So you would not cover the movement.

415
01:30:59.920 --> 01:31:22.829
Hang Li: It would basically more or less start in in May and in July there was the National Security license. This is, yeah. So it's not perfect. So but we do have what we did have some protests. in 20 planning in the first half of the year. So it's partly overlap, but not perfect. So

416
01:31:22.830 --> 01:31:33.189
Hang Li: we do have some percentage of answer to one. So of course not that high but we mostly rely on one and 2

417
01:31:33.720 --> 01:31:38.940
Hang Li: for indicating a participation some level of participation.

418
01:31:39.960 --> 01:31:45.380
Hang Li: So thanks for pointing that out where that's not a perfect measurement.

419
01:31:46.770 --> 01:32:04.199
Hang Li: And about the distribution, I think I have also said, yeah. So it's basically for in to to go with that dynamic. But we answer, try to question the respondent to we to respectively answer their participation

420
01:32:04.230 --> 01:32:07.159
Hang Li: in over the past 6 months or a year ago.

421
01:32:09.000 --> 01:32:10.660
Frank Reichert: So, thank you.

422
01:32:10.690 --> 01:32:12.180
Hang Li: Yeah, thank you.

423
01:32:13.260 --> 01:32:18.680
There's another question in the room. Yeah, thanks for the presentation.

424
01:32:18.690 --> 01:32:21.830
Maybe I'm misreading. But what distinction

425
01:32:22.210 --> 01:32:36.400
are you making? Or did your respondents make between political engagement, political participation and political activism? Because it feels like there's different activities involved or attributed to each, and maybe even risk.

426
01:32:36.560 --> 01:32:39.489
I'm not sure if those degrees

427
01:32:39.740 --> 01:32:45.739
those varying degrees came through in either the responses or in the ways that the questions were posed.

428
01:32:47.570 --> 01:32:53.500
Hang Li: So you're asking about the distinction between participation and activism?

429
01:32:54.130 --> 01:32:54.810
The.

430
01:32:56.740 --> 01:32:58.990
Hang Li: let me show you. Yeah. Hmm.

431
01:32:59.790 --> 01:33:08.140
Hang Li: so I mainly rely also on this variable. So we asked them

432
01:33:08.390 --> 01:33:23.480
Hang Li: 6 items relating to political participation and some more conventional form and legal form. So that which which are also offline participation.

433
01:33:23.650 --> 01:33:29.349
Hang Li: and then the radical forms of participation involves, most likely at the legal forms of participation.

434
01:33:29.400 --> 01:33:44.109
Hang Li: So like occupying public spaces and doing graphite on street. So those are also offline participation. So we post them. These 6 different types of participation and ask them to

435
01:33:44.120 --> 01:33:45.680
Hang Li: respond.

436
01:33:45.830 --> 01:34:04.090
Hang Li: So conceptually, we we use this measurement to mesh offline political participation. And we would like to see how online discussion online usage has an impact on all flying political participation.

437
01:34:04.230 --> 01:34:14.619
Hang Li: And we do not have a distinction, clear distinction between participation activism in here in this particular research. And

438
01:34:14.900 --> 01:34:18.630
Hang Li: that's also I I had

439
01:34:18.680 --> 01:34:26.780
Hang Li: question, or would like to expand the literature on, on, on the concept of political participation.

440
01:34:26.830 --> 01:34:36.610
Hang Li: because in the Western literature. Most most Western issues are doing research on political participation focuses mainly on legal forms of participation.

441
01:34:36.690 --> 01:34:41.649
Hang Li: And in this paper we also expand, would like to expand the idea.

442
01:34:41.700 --> 01:34:47.659
Hang Li: to cover those radical and illegal forms of political participation and see how

443
01:34:47.690 --> 01:34:51.340
Hang Li: online social media uses also also has an impact on that.

444
01:34:51.460 --> 01:35:02.679
Hang Li: and we found that it is a rather complicated picture. If we incorporate the radical illegal dimension of political participation.

445
01:35:04.470 --> 01:35:08.160
Hang Li: So hope, I can answer your question.

446
01:35:10.240 --> 01:35:29.850
Hi! I'm Jerome, the second presenter. First, I I would like to just give a comment to my, to to Mr. Lee, that the the the presentation was really good, and I'd like to also like us. say yay to the to the latest comment in terms of this. Really

447
01:35:29.970 --> 01:35:31.170
so

448
01:35:31.320 --> 01:35:52.309
the there's a mixed understanding of political participation when you look at the current at the literature. But actually, my, it's not really a question, but really an answer to the question of the needy. Earlier. We have what we published a little bit in terms of anti-social. No, exactly. We didn't really ask about anti-social

449
01:35:52.310 --> 01:36:21.979
activities, but there was a particular the independent variable with social media competence. One of the one of the domains of that anticipatory reflection. Anticipatory reflection means, do I think about what I what I post before I post it? And and then we kind of the dependent, variable for that study was social media, political participation, which may be something that you could also look at in study. And of course it has 4 domains by by way to lose.

450
01:36:21.980 --> 01:36:28.220
and the first one is the first one is follower, engagement, latent engagement

451
01:36:28.220 --> 01:36:43.430
follow expressive engagement. The fourth one is counter engagement, the counter engagement, our activities that are related to your political engagements that are kind of disruptive, like doxing. For instance, I'm going to share this particular persons

452
01:36:43.430 --> 01:37:01.000
like details. So you can attack him. Something like, you know what we see in council culture, and what we found out was that people who have lesser anticipatory reflection when they post has higher levels of counter engagement. So they have. So they usually

453
01:37:01.000 --> 01:37:15.039
mit Ctl and 10 to docs with, they don't have anticipatory reflection. And also what we found out was that people who have higher, anticipatory, reflexual were more likely to not see much about politics online. 150,

454
01:37:15.550 --> 01:37:22.349
so that what we see for, particularly in the college students in the Philippines, I hope that kind of gives some insights. Thank you.

455
01:37:22.490 --> 01:37:51.829
Hang Li: Thank you so much. Yeah. I also agree. And I, I I think, the influence of social media use. we focus more on the behavioral outcome in the literature. But how about non engagement, nonparticipation and all anti participation? So that's a very interesting themes. And I I think, you. Thank you very much for for this idea. Yeah.

456
01:38:04.360 --> 01:38:05.340
Angry.

457
01:38:09.470 --> 01:38:12.900
Okay, then, I say, thank you very much for your presentation.

458
01:38:14.330 --> 01:38:15.270
Thank you.

459
01:38:17.310 --> 01:38:24.000
We got another like 10 min. And I would like to take the chance, and

460
01:38:24.100 --> 01:38:25.780
I don't know if you

461
01:38:26.210 --> 01:38:30.689
would. You like to come out, or would you? The 3 of us.

462
01:38:30.730 --> 01:38:34.440
the the 3 presenters that are here in the room.

463
01:38:34.780 --> 01:38:36.640
and

464
01:38:39.410 --> 01:38:43.440
I mean I was, and have it for having a common discussion.

465
01:38:45.230 --> 01:38:50.820
You can ask now all questions that might have come up to specific

466
01:38:51.020 --> 01:38:56.170
presenters, pacific speakers, or you can also

467
01:38:56.230 --> 01:39:02.280
bring in some general questions that you want to address to

468
01:39:02.299 --> 01:39:05.529
to the speakers or to the audience, to all of us.

469
01:39:07.090 --> 01:39:16.120
 I actually received the question function on the app. So maybe I can take this chance to

470
01:39:16.299 --> 01:39:25.090
easier than I navigate the meeting app, which is really really hard. So I think the question is about

471
01:39:25.170 --> 01:39:42.739
what? is it? What? social attitudes towards homosexuality in Prc. Have they changed over the last 20 years? So thank you for your question. I think this is a really big question to us. To to, to to answer, and my response will be

472
01:39:42.740 --> 01:40:11.549
yes, but it's really dynamic. So if we talk about social attitudes, I would say, most of the people are more familiar with the not only homosexuality, but the queer community in in general, like the existence of Lesbians, the existence of gay men. They they do like, they encounter more people in their everyday life, and they they acknowledge the existence of of us.

473
01:40:11.549 --> 01:40:33.030
and but the social attitudes doesn't mean It's they're accepting accepting this this population. So, according to I think it's the U. N. D. P. A. 2,016 report, the biggest trip source of pressure for gay attribute IQ plus people in China is their family.

474
01:40:33.120 --> 01:40:59.930
so most of them receive very huge oppression and discrimination. on their sexual and gender identity. even though that maybe like they, I think they. But the the report mentioned that if they came out to their family, their family will still push them to enter a heterosexual marriage and have kids. So if we're talking about family, that's definitely something really not helping

475
01:40:59.930 --> 01:41:12.860
Chinese, LGBT, IQ plus community and population to embrace the identity and have more confidence in themselves.

476
01:41:12.860 --> 01:41:30.990
But yes, it's just it. Just it's really dynamic, and it's still going on. I I remember yesterday Stevie Jackson, Professor Stevie Jackson, talk about like the linear like genealogy of the whole change in sexuality in China, and it's something helpful, hopeful. But it's also something really

477
01:41:31.070 --> 01:41:33.239
hopeless at the same time.

478
01:41:37.760 --> 01:41:39.120
Hmm!

479
01:41:40.030 --> 01:41:45.590
It has been decriminalized in 1,997 already. So it's almost like.

480
01:41:45.600 --> 01:41:48.859
yeah, 2027 years ago. Yes.

481
01:41:53.600 --> 01:41:54.620
thank you.

482
01:41:58.180 --> 01:42:11.449
We cover quite a broad range of of topics. And it's it's kind of like, if you deal with young people, online online activities, online digital skills, it's like, it's like

483
01:42:11.459 --> 01:42:17.459
covers kind of everything. It's like. So it's very hard to.

484
01:42:17.650 --> 01:42:41.729
I don't know. Does it make sense at all to talk about digital skills? This is not, is it not? This is not just skills that we all need and have and our digital activities, it's just activities that are partly happening online. And often usually as we have here. Now, I mean, we're in a hybrid meeting, and that's that's more the reality than

485
01:42:41.940 --> 01:42:49.330
the distinguishing between online and offline which has been said from very early in the research that it's blurring.

486
01:42:49.490 --> 01:42:50.810
But still.

487
01:42:51.770 --> 01:42:57.360
maybe we can still find something that oh, kind of

488
01:42:57.560 --> 01:43:15.269
reflects. the whole situation also. And I was thinking, maybe, can we? I'm asking the question. I don't know if there is answers. But what would be, or how can people young people benefit from

489
01:43:15.640 --> 01:43:32.950
being online or spending much time online, or or I don't know. How can can they? I mean, like Brady, your presentation? It was like, it seems like so much work.

490
01:43:33.240 --> 01:43:46.169
so that that's Do they really benefit? Then, again, the Lgbtq community they might have benefited like. So if you're one of

491
01:43:46.270 --> 01:43:54.289
feeling like alone, and it gives you a chance to find a community and and like, mind it, that might help. So yeah.

492
01:43:55.780 --> 01:44:25.539
no, I think it's a really good question. Actually, because, yeah, I know, I'm very conscious in my presentation. And I focus on a very negative kind of like pressures and anxieties. But yeah, the the thing that kind of comes before. That is that, of course, young people are using these technologies in highly productive ways to connect, to learn to build senses of solidarity. when we think about civic participation and the way that people come to ideas. So some of my earlier work was looking at

493
01:44:25.640 --> 01:44:45.830
how young Lgbtq people learned about gender and sexuality, learned to connect their experiences of the world with languages that other people use, that help them build communities and foster a sense of connection and feel like they were not alone in the world like that's incredibly powerful and productive. My issue is when

494
01:44:45.870 --> 01:44:50.919
all of this gets funneled through this very narrow lens of employment futures is just

495
01:44:51.030 --> 01:45:08.749
us. One aspect of people's lives a big and important aspect. But when everything gets sort of sanitized and neutralized, so that it appeases that particular ends like, that's my issue. And you probably sense my grumpiness through the the paper. But yeah. And I'm sure that you both have examples of this as well.

496
01:45:11.280 --> 01:45:27.769
I guess for me I I would say that at least when you look at. at a research, particularly from our friends, from the media and communication when you look at their umbrella research and evidences that they have.

497
01:45:27.770 --> 01:45:45.440
when when they put any form of new media, as then as as a determinant for particular behaviors, whether that's a political participation, whether that's educational outcomes, or whether that's health outcomes. Usually the contribution

498
01:45:45.440 --> 01:46:09.239
of of digital antecedents quantitatively, doesn't really explain much variance really doesn't even you. You're lucky to have 20% of variants, and I probably hand you know that as well. So and probably one of the difficulties in that is because every year, the way, or every so often the way we interact with

499
01:46:09.240 --> 01:46:34.030
digital tools that we have differ like today, these are the digital skills that you need. And then in 3 years. We have a divide like, for example, prior to COVID-19, we don't have to. Really, it's not an imperative for us to know how to order things online. But during COVID-19, you have to know how to order things online, you have to. You have to know how to handle digital money. And so, because it's so fast paced. So the great, the

500
01:46:34.030 --> 01:46:57.839
the current measures that we have at this quantitative we have to really, you know, fast, really catch up. And particularly in the Philippines, we do not have really a lot of psychometrations really are able to measure. So many behaviors are culturally contextual to our country. That's one of our, our our difficulty. So we really kind of, yeah, these are our these are our conclusions. But we have a lot of caveats, you know. And so that's one of the. And that's why

501
01:46:57.840 --> 01:47:22.570
I am so thrilled to listen to qualitative researchers because they get into the ground. They see how the how the connections that we're finding out quantitatively how really happen in the life, although even in a particular, a very particular context. But at least also, this is how the rest of the variances that are not even that that are not explained, being really play out in new life. And so I think.

502
01:47:22.770 --> 01:47:49.509
it's it's just a while. There are a lot of digital scholars, you know, really, you know, adding up to our roster every day. But there's so much change happening and sometimes research. So you know, hard to keep up. So I think that's one of the challenges. I would say, studying about digital skills and even citizenship. And then how it, how it even influences our offline life. So I I didn't really

503
01:47:49.510 --> 01:47:56.140
offer any solutions. But yeah, I just, you know, saying it in another way, that it's a challenge that we have

504
01:47:58.600 --> 01:48:09.930
just a quick comment on what you said in our research which I presented in the earlier session. We had investigated young people from 6 countries.

505
01:48:09.930 --> 01:48:31.540
and we find some country differences, but we really try to not, you know, make them public, or especially not to develop any policy recommendations based on that. Because it's like we wouldn't be able to explain why why there is, you know, why Polish young people would be have more as, too. This is that skills than the Portuguese ones.

506
01:48:33.110 --> 01:48:39.890
Yeah. So I agree. I. So I

507
01:48:40.080 --> 01:48:44.620
I would ask, If he has a final.

508
01:48:44.740 --> 01:48:46.180
he wants to add.

509
01:48:49.530 --> 01:48:53.110
Hey, do you? What do you want to have? Some final words?

510
01:48:53.550 --> 01:48:55.340
Hang Li: no more. Thank you.

511
01:48:55.420 --> 01:49:02.070
The microphone is not yet. It's not ready to you it

512
01:49:02.850 --> 01:49:21.329
thank you very much, everyone, for coming. Hold on half a minute. I have an announcement, and that is that we prepare, together with Alina, Alaska, prepare a special issue on digital skills and digital citizenship.

513
01:49:21.330 --> 01:49:35.229
And you will. If you haven't heard about it, we will send it out again. Deadline for abstract is mid of August, and the journal is the journal for Applied youth studies

514
01:49:35.610 --> 01:49:57.399
and if someone, some of want to go for lunch. Now, I think we might form a small group having lunch together. Okay, thank you very much for sharing your results and for being here, and for contributing to the discussion. Thanks for being online with us.

515
01:49:57.450 --> 01:49:59.000
Hang Li: I see. Ya bye, bye.