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Thank you.

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It's not here yet. Oh, Thanks.

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Okay, thank you, Susan. Thank you. and, So before going to start, thank you so much and, this is Dr.

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So I welcome all of you in the session 8 and 4, perspective on mass migration, refusal and prisoners of war.

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So in the ISA world Congress of sociology. So today we are having 4 paper. I hope you know the fabulous will going to join so we are having the 4 from different countries from, from, from India.

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And the, So that is, and the system organizes as well as to presenter in decision.

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So basically my paper was, got, selected in the, particular workers, precautious resident and authoritarian politics, but maybe due to technical language it is in the decision.

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So, I will take much not much of our time and the first, presenter sees also, you know, as sharing this session.

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So I would, totally invite Ivan Awardin, who is Estra Amel to serve the session at here and the decision.

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And, before C, Cheer, let me introduce her Ivana Berlin.

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He is having degree in sociology and master in models and research area and social sense from the You know, University of BACK countries and sees doctorate in sociology, from the public university of Novara.

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So, basically if you will see that, you know, her research is, quite related to the session that is including asylum refuse the international humanitarian law.

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Hemetery and annotations. Housi has carried out, any research that is, as he stays in the center for, social studies, CES, a as he stays in the center for a social studies, CES, University of Columbia, Portugal.

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And at the Department of Anthropology, when you say to that, the loss and this. I receive, the, most, 2,016 as scholarship.

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This is, if I pronounce, you know, perfectly that is Ignore, Burr.

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Guaranteed by the and C has presented several people in the international conference and published the main paper in the So I think you know I will give you know over to Ivana and I will take care as you will see in.

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Thank you so much. Please, I wanna take care.

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Thank you so much. Can you, see my screen?

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Yeah. And do hear me well. I can't hear you. Okay.

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Yeah, yes, well.

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Okay, and so. In in this communication. I present the progress I am making in my post doctoral research a state at the Center for Social Study of the University of Coimba where I am analyzing and the new spaces of on protection and the new path on migration and asylum in the European Union.

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A first time, sorry.

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Yeah. First of all, and by way of contextualization, I will start with a brief evolution of bronze of course displacement at a global level and those arriving in the European Union in recent years highlight the current protection framework and then delve into the proposal of the new pattern on migration and asylum.

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I will then discuss the outsourcing of the responsibility to protect beyond the framework of an externalizing border control.

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Another aspect that is to stay. A standout as a source of possible long term insecurity for displaced persons is the prominence acquired by categories of protection that are less warranty in the long term.

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Which they ultimately let's do our reflections of the need to take a view of their refugees and international protection for passing by video conclusion on a global contest month.

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And the prominence of the people of their refugees as simple as a of a comprehensive framework and yeah political framework.

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In every contextualization as you can see from the 2 graphs, the numbers of course display displaced persons from various reasons around the world is steadily increase.

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While most of them continue to be in internally displayed persons, we see that the number of international for the forced displacement has also been increasing.

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In the case of the European Union, focusing specifically on the number of asylum applications, we see that there are there was a high number high point in 2,015 during the so-called refugee crisis.

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With a gradual decline and then after that nevertheless normalizes an approximate number of a saloon application higher than they reflect on the 10 years before 2,015.

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The after that nevertheless normalizes an approximate number of a saloon application higher than that reflect on the 10 years before 2,015.

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As we can see, international reinforcement is gaining prominence and with it the need to update the international protection situations.

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As are we in the communication from the commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee of the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee of the Committee of Rations on new bat on migration and remote management of staff and boarders, even if I have flexibility checks, fair

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and efficient asylum rooms. Stimlining procedure and a vision asylum rooms, steam lining procedure and a siloed and record on a silhouette and a silhouette and record on asylum alert on asylum alert term and use vulnerability mechanisms.

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Estan, for like, Tracy's providedness and response and effective restore policy and a European Union coordinated approach to return.

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Conference is governance of European Union levels for weather management and implementation of asylum and migration policies. Mortal beneficial partnership with Gaze, Countries of Origin and Transit and developing SIR Countries of Origin and Transit and developing sustainable legal pathways of those in needs of protection and to attract talent to the European Union

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and finally supporting effective integration policies. In short, to create what they European Union calls a common European framework to meetation and asylum management in which all member states are supporting in the management of migration and asylum at the This new part, or a set out, a roadmap for boost.

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I'm promoting more coordinated migration and asylum control central on a straightlining process both on European territory and at the border.

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With this update focused on greater control of the migration of the migratory flows. He's got this of origin and dancing.

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Identifying them as they agents for a Saving, then this IDEA and decided mobility management opportunities.

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As the same communication of the new PATH shows the commission is proposing to establish a seamless procedure and for that application to all non-European university citizens crossing with all.

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ARE. The new path identifies, identifies the countries as cave players in building or united mobility management, thereby generating a relationship with a practice of outsourcing that responsibility to protect.

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Against predominant.

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Then you, the new part also promote the implementation of a greater degree of harmonization of the safe country of origin and safe third country concept through a European Union list.

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Emphasizing further that the agency show later the analyst information on the situation of asylum in the Onion and in the situation of asylum in the Onion and in the situation of asylum in the Onion and in third come list is so far as it may have an impact on the menu.

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Then I vote to the right experts from its own staff affiliation officers. Stated in the values of mass they produced in the framework of the new path is to predict as a low expected asylum upgrade.

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I'm right on a black line. It limits for, people smugglers.

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In practice, it creates we in regulate the spaces where people will take alternative means of arrivals or neighbors like to remain in the shadows of any registration in order to avoid to a third country of transit or origin.

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In addition, increasingly dangerous migration routes that are still ungraded may become relevant. As has happened in the past as it had become more difficult to access the directory through the regular channels.

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On the other hand, we are see we are also witnessing a practice of European Union interference in the management of mobility in its neighborhood, in countries where a relationship it's also forced in in which migration, Coltrane becomes a with by budget allocations.

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A destiny for protection ending up being directed toward migration contour.

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One.

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Within, yeah. It, within the type of rotation that's got to be abstained, we also find spaces where when on the one hand they try to.

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Those who do not need the requirement to be a communist at a refugees. They also leave certain uncertainties regarding a future guarantees which leads to the needs to update the definition of refugees to bring it close to the current condition of course displacement.

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The categories of subsidiary protection, humanitarian reasons and temporary protection have gradually gained prominence. These are granted granted in different circumstances.

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These 3 categories show the interest of in offering protection in the face of the different scenarios that promote force displacements.

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These categories also show the intention to establish an exercise of recognition and evaluation in which there are saving estates.

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Taken on a leading role over the needs of those taking protection. In addition to vain a formula that is highly dependent on the conditions considered as safe and unsafe that but by the rest even states depending on the context already.

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They take into consideration the viewers that forces displacement has acquired worldwide together with the trade training of bordering control and then you know, It is necessary to demand an update of their reference if you would that taking into account the new framework or lack of protection guaranteeing minimum costs at the international level.

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It is proposed, it is proposed to promote minimum guarantees that address the new framework of lack of protection both in our region and in transit would be used to at this safe route to for those playing context of lack of protection.

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You sure it is a question of placing the protection needs of people in the face of attempt to dissociate responsibilities in third countries while promoting covert that guarantees a good host in the saving countries.

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The outside in of the you go to the right Fuji is finding on both both both at theoretical and practical level.

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Pointing or pointing go to centrally of a concept that is unfortunately gaining prominent on a daily basis.

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The main conclusion is the needs not to lead, not to lose the pillars of the protection enterprise of the urgency and control.

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The figure of the refreshes has become part of the historical moment in which we live. And like the historical moment in we find ourselves, it is subject to strength to a strong change.

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The Refugee asaparadi Mauri Figured should lead us to reflect on the here political and social context in which we leave from a deeper analysis it is necessary to promote critical spaces to resting the structure of mobility management where different sectors of civil society participates.

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Those bringing together the potential to build deeper societies. On the principle of mobile care. I would like to end by highlighting this payment contains on a planet or one of the red food because that's one with a clack at even the 2,015, 2,016 crisis.

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Which leads the world to start here highlighting the framework of interconnectedness in which force displacement and also depending in the practices of protection I want to ahead that are forked.

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Thank you very much for your attention to Paris. You can see. And they're in my email.

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If you want to clarify anything. Thank you.

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So. I continue on with the presentation. Really? Okay.

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Yes.

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And now is it. Of a the Mobic. It's

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Yeah.

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Okay. she's a, a social anthropologist affiliated with the University of Vienna where she of TINER her master's degree in social and cultural anthropology.

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A her research focuses on a queer migration from Biens to the European Union. A correlation work as a researcher and and social anthropologist at their place a research institute search and shape in BNNA and the centralises the centralises the rest need work a lock his step Fantasy love with bases in Vienna.

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Boston and Amsterdam. Her work and encompasses diverse areas ranging from migration war and hosting to combating a queer hated 16, a sexy, grasses and well as well as environmental distribution.

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I and water violence. Different is yours.

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Thank you very much.

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Wait, just a second. There's something, okay, sorry.

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Ii got to say. Do you can you see the screen?

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Hi, hello. Can you hear? No? Okay.

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No, no. Here not. No, no.

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Yeah.

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If you click here in

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No, no, it's Elizabeth. No experience with this.

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Now you can see it.

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Yes.

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Yes, no.

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I just need to say also the in every presentation the acknowledgement of the country. I just read it out.

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On behalf of everyone gathered, I pay respect to the spirit of the country here in Nam, where we are meeting.

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I acknowledge the past and present cooling nation, Wuron, Jerry, Woong as the sovereign people here, the culture heritage culture knowledge holders who maintain and promote an arm aboriginal law.

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Customs and custodianships, responsibilities for country and the people that country continues to sustain generation of the generation.

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Into the future for all of us. I recognize the important contribution that First Nation thinkers have made to sociology, including challenges to our dominant ways of thinking.

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We thank all First Nations delegates. In the room today for the contributions to knowledge in the discipline. So.

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So and now I will start a presentation.

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Okay, wait.

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Can you see my presentation? Online, it's fine. Here. Okay.

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Yes.

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Hide floating okay perfect okay Good morning everyone. Thank you all for joining and for having me here today.

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In my research I explored the intersection of sexual immigration politics concerning the EU and the Balcon.

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In my master's thesis I studied spaces of inclusion and exclusion focusing on the contributing mechanisms and narratives.

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From the personal experience of in between us as a second-generation migrant from Yugoslavia in Austria and having close relationships with queer refugees, I tried to understand the complex situatedness of queer migrants from Serbia and Bosnia Herzegovina in Austria.

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This involved analyzing a who accession politics, sexual politics in Serbia and Bosnia Herzegovina and migration policies of Austria and

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No, where it's not good. Okay, perfect. Between March and November, 2,020, I conducted Seema structured narrative interviews with queer activists, migrants and refugees from Serbia, Bosnia Herzegovina and Austria.

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I collaborated with queer organizations such as Sarajevo Open Centre in Bosnia Herzegovina does his name in Serbia and who is in Austria.

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However, due to Covid-nineteen restrictions, there were limitations on events, travels and in-person meetings.

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Nevertheless, I participated in some, let's say, parties or gatherings where bulk and queer migrants gathered and had irregular meetings with interview participants.

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I closely worked with interview partners during data gathering but especially social media became an important platform for knowledge sharing. I also examined reports from queer European organizations as well as migration reports by the Austrian government.

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Influenced by the work of Maria Todorova on balconism and Jasper Poor on Homo nationalism, I aim to provide a differentiated perspective into the mechanisms of inclusion and exclusion affecting queer migrants from the Balkans.

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Bechanism examines the representation of the Balkans as the other within Europe, highlighting not only a geographical but also progressive divide between East and West.

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For us work on the other side connects social politics and racism by examining how queer immigrants and people of color specifically are affected by control mechanisms of the state through structural violence and power hierarchies.

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These frameworks are crucial to understand the complexities faced by queer migrants which are influenced by the sexual politics of Serbian Posner Herzegovina as well as migration politics of Austria and Just presentation will only focus on the Serbia sexual politics because of time and to illustrate the periodoxical situation

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in relation to the U.

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The balcony has has long been imagined as a bridge between East and West as scholars like Todora have shown.

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In this regard, Europe represents progress, order and prosperity and ideal associated with the passage of time and development.

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Rather than merely just a geographical entity. The West is perceived as forward in time while the whereas the global south and east needs to catch up.

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Further to put back what politics are understood to be rooted in the East, Unrelated to the West and feud as imported through migration.

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This perspective shapes Western migration policies and influences perceptions of who is persecuted or endangered in the home countries.

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This ambiguity impacts policies queer activism and migration policies on regional national and supranational level.

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The organization and implementation of preparation, as I should suggest, serves as a good example.

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Since Yugoslavia's dissolution and Serbia has tried to maintain ties with both the East and the West.

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It applied for a membership in 2,009 while fostering ties especially with Russia China and the United Arab Emirates.

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However, the Belcourt Primary Organizations as a Belgrade capital city of Serbia, also utilized this bridge imaginary in the 2,022 Europe Pride Britt stating and I quote this geographic crossroads between East and West also represents a crossroads of values.

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To its west rainbow flags decorate townholes while to its east members continue to be harassed beaten and persecuted by the very institutions intended to protect them.

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The backer pride organizers benefited from their intermediary status winning the bid to host the Euro Pride in 2,022.

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To win the bid, support from the government was crucial, which was delivered by the openly lesbian Prime Minister Anna Bunabich.

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However, Bernabeu's statement of not supporting queer issues made her unpopular within the local queer communities.

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Despite this, her position serves as a strategic tool for the President's Witch's right-wing Conservative government in negotiations with the as it represents supposedly queer tolerance.

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A requirement it needs to fulfill to move forward in a who accession negotiations.

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The who assesses a country's progressiveness based on their respect for LGBTQA plus rights, including the organization of preparation.

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The history of preparation in Serbia reflects this criterion very well. Well, the pride in 2,001, which is the first pride, was a disaster concerning the level of Europeanness, the so-called state pride in 2,010 was seen as a success although the police present was never that high since the end of the

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Yugoslav war. Hence the pride in 2,010 is often referred as the litmus test for Serbia to be tolerant European enough to be part of the, which it passed internationally but was a watershed moment for the local queer community.

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In the perception of the queer movement in Serbia, the midnight pride in 2,013, forbidden the day before, held greater empowerment for the local queer movement.

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However, it received limited international attention as it did not follow the traditional pride norms. Instead, it resembled a protest earning the nickname Eastern European Stonewall in the Balkans as it marked the end of the primary bands at least until Europe Pride, which still took place because of local activism and international

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pressure. When applying for Europride, pride organizers used this passage of time as the Belgra Pride Organiser of 2022.

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To describes Mihailo which describes. I quote our idea was first to start the presentation with a movie of brutal scenes of assaults.

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Because they think that this is important to show that what our realities on the Balkans are. What is it that we face for years and not to show Etalla his story how Belgrade is a great city, but to be realistic.

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The back ends image of from a dangerous to a safe space had secure Europe by 2,022.

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So I will, Serbia was portrayed as a bridge towards democratization and liberalization of the Balcon.

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But how does these sexual politics affect immigration politics of DAYO and specifically Austria?

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You'll get issues yearly reports the so-called rainbow index. Grading countries based on the legal policy situation for queer people depending on if they fulfilled the necessary points or not.

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In 2,022, Serbia's rainbow index increased to 37%. And Bosnia has govern us slightly to 38%.

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These indexes inform asylum evaluations but also serve as homo nationalist tools homogenizing countries as safe or unsafe.

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As Robin Hilots, they and I quote rely on imaginary geopolitics of sexuality, emphasizing homophobia as a problem.

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To be understood mainly in relation to the nation-state, homogenizing the countries themselves as ultimately green or red places.

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End quote. Furthermore, pink washing is often used to enhance reputation without real investment in anti-discrimination and social justice measures.

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As I have now shown in the case of Serbia. This course and reports differentiate nations as either more or less tolerant towards queer people and to co-produce a jail political mapping of new liberal power relations in the guise of sexual expression and repression.

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These constructions of the safe states have influence on the migration politics of DAYO by contributing to the concept of safe country of origin.

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This concept originated in the so-called Danish clause in 98 6 concerning refugees from the divided Germany and was later adopted by other countries within the U.

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The safe country of origin was defined by the European Parliament in 2,000 as and I quote a country which can be clearly shown normally not to generate refugees or where it can be clearly shown that circumstances which might in the past have justified recourse to the 90 51 Geneva Convention have ceased to exist.

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While noting that their asylum applicants should not be automatically refused and that they should be guaranteed an individual examination, the focus was channeled away from effective protection to the restriction of asylum.

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Despite evidence of human rights violations, countries were deemed safe based on theoretical legal provisions. This concept allows generalized assumptions of safety leading to the rejection of asylum applications without the examination of the individual case.

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Although Bosnia Herzegovina and Serbia are recognize the safe countries of origin, they do not guarantee a legal aid and antidiscrimination based on sexual orientation and gender.

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Pride parades in Serbia contribute to its safe classification, but the high police presence and lack of hate crime protection undermine real safety for queer individuals.

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How much else perceptions limit individual examination of asylum cases, creating challenges for queer migrants and refugees who must prove both their identity and the lack of state protection to seek asylum.

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Let me give you 2 examples on how the safe country for region impacts queer activism and migration.

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Dali Bord, the organize of Sarajevo, in 2,019, which was the first private in Boston has the governor in general, emphasized to the other organization members that the attendance may serve as a strong asylum reason in the event of a violent outbreak.

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The pride is coming and usually on the Balkans the first pride is very violent, you know, and it goes very badly, which was the case for Montenegro, in Belgrade, in Zagreb, in split and everywhere.

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So I said this is the best, best asylum card for you to play. Come to the pride. If there is a violence, it is perfect chance for you to look for asylum and if it goes well it will be just one additional proof that okay LGBTI people have their place in Boston cities.

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So come, that is one of your last trains to Germany and Scandinavia. End quote.

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However, seeking asylum based on sexual orientation or gender identity can be challenging as I tried to demonstrate. It involves questions on your queerness, improving queer Western knowledge, for example, by explaining the symbol behind each color of the rainbow flag.

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There are certain stereotypes and expectations that may not align with queer individuals from the East, which can lead to the claims being dismissed as lies.

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Besides the proof of themselves being queer and that their country of origin is not safe, queer refugees need in some cases also to provide proof that they are living in a homosexual relationship.

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As in the case of the homosexual copy from Serbia and Austria, Marquin Sasha.

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The Mark and Sasha applied for asylum in 2,016. And faced a long process with multiple denials.

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It was only after I completed my masters in 2,022 that they finally received acceptance.

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We is still rare as most applications get declined. Marco who had been the Belgium Pride organizer from 2,011 to 2,011 to 2,014 had to flee the country due to repeated attacks at work and home had to flee the country due to repeated attacks at work and home towards him and his partner as well as those around him regardless of the sexual

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orientation These examples expose how asylum cases prioritize the country of origin over the individual experience of the seekers, revealing their amigos politics surrounding the AU accession.

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While the implemented AGBTA, regulations within Serbia do not meet a who standards there seem to exist enough laws protecting queer people and therefore no necessity to seek for asylum.

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Looking at these political contexts, where do queer migrants and refugees living in Austria stand? Austria like the West is seen as a queer positive space.

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Treating queer hatred as foreign and originating from the East. This influences the experiences of queer refugees who must navigate the contradictory perception of the East as both dangerous and safe at the same time.

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This exposes the broader dynamics where migration issues intersect with sexuality by solely framing queer hatred as a migrant issue, Quim immigrants struggled to address discrimination within the country as well as in within the migrant communities due to the existing stigmatization.

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Further, they often face barriers accessing safe spaces meant for queer individuals as queer migrants are viewed as homophobic migrants rather than queer individuals in these cases.

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The queer migrant, similar to the balcony in the geopolitical imaginary, is always perceived as the other.

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Always outside and in between, which can open the possibility for us to highlight exclusionary politics. Thank you very much for your attention and I'm looking forward for the discussion and connection.

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Thank you, The next presentation is from Carlos, he has, the presentation that I entitled, Discussing Perspectives about a vulnerability and presence of war.

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American Civil War and Andersen are. A Carlos, is your tone, the, the first yours?

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Thank you for your attention. It's a great honor for me to participate in this presentation today. Can you hear me?

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Is it?

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Yes, thank you. I'm from Brazil and in my country it's a great honor for us to participate in a meeting in Australia.

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But to have around 12 h of distance now and I will try to explain my My, my paper.

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It's about, perspectives. Of honorability and, about, prisoners of war.

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I have, we're, started to research. About American Civil War.

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And, greater discussion about This problem, in Brazil. You know, in other wars and in the world, And I have the is like I write you.

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Should show for you?

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I am sharing the

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Yes. Yes.

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Yes.

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Yeah.

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Okay, and candle can you watch the The men's light. Yes, yes. We have a 2, points in this presentation.

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And it's very important to the discussion about, and the sound deal. Yeah, it's a prison and in south of the United States in a 1865.

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And they have around the 13, 1,000. Prisoners diet and the low conditions of the And then in the United States.

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We had the similar problems in 89 7. During the War of Knudos. It's a very important war in Brazil.

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And, we had the I the discussion in my show site. About their vulnerability and absence of issues.

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So shall we issues for a poor population in the northeast of Brazil. Is the same discussion about the performance of war and as American civil war.

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And I have a historic, discussion. We have, and I use a map to the with, using outdoors as And, would you look backer?

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And for us in Brazil. It's a, you said the most important discussion about the the necessity to develop it have basic conditions.

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In poor regions in the war. Now we have a great war in Ukraine. But, the world and Doesn't, doesn't see.

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I was in Africa for example and we have a great war in African style. With 3 millions of refugees.

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And we have that great war in Shibira with 13 million of refugees and the world doesn't talk about this.

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It's very important to registration. Is the same discussion we had in 1865. In, When they forget The prisoners And, in, in poor conditions.

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And for these people, if the main points of my paper. Was the importance of Oh, as, about the discretion of the victims during the most important outfit in America history.

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American Civil War is a very important discussion about conditions of prisoners of war. And they created the first convention and modern times.

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The name is, because they had that great discussion in in this. It discusses the importance of understanding.

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Of a socio The Tesco Lloydsko Buni in the level of vitaminization in situations started.

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The account of conditions is in, Yeah, and they have in the end of this process. The prosecution of the captain what this can After you understand the name is Captain Hane Wears and he was Hey, 1965 October.

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About the premiums of war in, this vision. Dip, they hide the gradation of sanitary conditions.

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We're zipping off, overcrowding. And which wing 18 6 5 and 18 6.

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It's 1818 6 4 and 18 6 5. Created a a special a special situation there not recognition of the water.

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It's a great point of discussion. And, When she talks about The problem you feel is use and.

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And the Nazis camps. During the Second World War. And, the distribution of people in the second or world war.

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And it's the same. The last part of my paper. Just discuss that, discusses the necessity to create, for the future.

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Understanding, and the subgroup. Taxman, these questions they're, they're, of necessity to understand that they And based the issues, social issues, the necessities for these, poor victims.

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And the Do you understand? Weighted are necessary to improve opportunities. And, I'm historical dynamic and super role perspective.

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And the it's very important to understand the The they start is about The problem is, And the Nazi camps during the Second World War and a war of Knuds in Brazil and and actually in some wars in the world.

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But, in in in we had a great problem and And the world needs to understand this problems and to create 2 regional solutions for this problems.

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Thank you for your attention. And I would try to answer the question if you if you have. Thank you so much.

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Thank you.

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And now it's a it took the presentation of a Dr. And is a he's an a system professor of political science and international relations at Alliance School of Liberal Arts.

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Aliens University in Bangalore, India. A he teaches human rights political science and international relations and love subjects.

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Dr. Kumar Octane, and here PhD degree from the center for a in a study school of international studies in Hey, Java Haral, Nedu, University, I don't know.

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Sorry. In New Delhi, he has published and presented several papers in areas of a specialization, specialization such as human rights, woman rights, tribal rights, child rights, Indian foreign policy, Islam and on the West Asian regions.

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The first is yours.

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Oh, we can.

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Yeah.

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No, but I don't know is only my problem or the rest Can't. Okay, cannot hear you.

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No, quick.

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Okay.

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Let me know.

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It's still not that good.

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Okay.

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Get up.

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Yes.

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Okay, now it is I'm not able or not. Oh. So that is a And I think slices, visible.

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Yes.

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Okay, so that is a as I said that you know this is the entire different topic you know we are coming from the international that is you know towards the national level that is India you know is the sector for attraction of this topic.

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So as I said already, you know, this, topic was selected for the differences in 8 1 4, but, I don't know how this came anyway.

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So here we are going to discuss about, you know, that is, my topic is issues and challenges of migrating to workers.

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And I'm talking about the social security in unorganized sector in India. So I will briefly discuss, you know, so we can have, you know, the much more time for the decision and question answered.

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Here I have the objective I have taken that is to explore while migrant workers in organized sectors are based in exclusion inequality discrimination and the marginalization.

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And the second objective is to understand why migrant workers in unorganized sectors in India are being ignored.

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So this is question that is I formulated here the what are the main barriers preventing migrant workers in on urbanized sector from assessing social security benefits in India.

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And, in Belgium, that is purely based on the second resources. I have done some content analysis to, you know, to find out some of the data from the books, Jermals, newspaper sites.

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So, it briefly I will discuss in India that is, the migrant workers.

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You know here the every third person in India is a migrant Here is, and if I will say that, you know, the most 90 migrate workers is almost, you know, has captured the 94% of labor force.

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So, 94% of these labor forces, you know, is a maximum they are working as a daily basis worker.

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So they are having, you know, the different fruit vendor, you know, Rick's a polar or the carpenter cleaning worker.

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You know, they work in the restaurant, Daba or construction site industries. You know, these are the day workers.

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They work as a daily basis. They're on day-to-day. And you know, this is the problem.

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But so that is, you know, how I have seen that, so that is, you know, how I have seen that, you know, during the COVID time, they have faced so many problems, they have faced so many problems.

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Unorganized sectors, they have faced so many problems. Unorganized sectors that is workers has been already issues from that is workers has been already issues from the end sectors that is workers has been already issues from the end of this.

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Even after 75 year of free in the end of this even after 75 year olds, even after 75 year of free in in India, you know, is they are not having, you know, We can say that you know that any kind of you know the security that the social security or at or the bill that can they can ban

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effectively. So if you will see that, you know, the migrant workers population that is increasing in India.

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And the reason for migration that we are having employment better employment opportunity for a business for the loss of job event for the lack of permission and for the migrant or parents and, there are several purposes that we are having.

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The maximum is for employment and for better employment. So if I will say that, you know, they are here, we are having the integration as well as the, you know, the from the rural to urban area and from the urban area to metropolitan city, these kind of, you know, the migration we are having.

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So for social security we can see that you know the Indian that labor license they are having the provisions.

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And India is signative of that you know but the if we see the implementation to provide you know the benefits related to sickness and the maternity or the employment injury.

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You know these are the provisions medical security related you know hardly India is having you know implemented or providing any kind of benefit.

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So United Nations has declared, you know, do 2 kinds of a services and the social transfer. Social transport.

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That is also, you know, we are here. So that is, the first right is, Roti,pla and Makan in India.

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That is, you know, we are having the food and you know the clothes and the center. The other we are having the social security benefit.

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But hardly, you know, they are having, any kind of benefit. Neither the SCL services nor the social services.

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Apart from that UDHA, university collision of human deaths also having, you know, in the article 22 and 26 about the social security and the social protection of you know in in the proper working condition but in India if we will see the honor of my sector that is on control and unregulated from the

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state government or the central government hardly you know any like the official or the we can say that our authority or the state or the center in a you know is boarding about their working condition that is really a hazard as that is poor working condition is there.

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And, the International Convention on the Economic and Social Services. 1960 is also recognized the rights of everyone to Social Security.

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So based on this, you know, I will go into discuss about what kind of situation they have right now, yeah, they are having.

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As I said that, you know, they own Deli and they eat Deli and you know this is the situation that what we are having.

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They are migrating from their family member towards the urban area or toward the Metropolitan. And you know, they are working, with a very low basis.

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So the main purpose is to save the money, to you know, send their money to the family member.

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And you know, this is the reason we guys, you know, the leave in a very crowded, you know, the small places, small room and you know they are occupied by the many people.

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So we can now say, you know, says that, you know, like the 8 by 10 room that is, you know, the small room, even is occupied by the many, you know, on organized records in, in the like almost 8 to 10 people are residing.

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You know, the main purpose is to share the rent, whatever they are paying in the Metropolitan City and to send their money to them.

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So here if we see that you know as I say that you know the out of area every third person is migrant here.

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And you know the maximum they are applying about 18 to 40 year of base that is you know the 92% have mostly income less than 10,000 to base you know monthly if I will say that you know is you know the less than 121 US dollar Here if I say that you know the minimum basis act we are having

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but you know the minimum basis act is not applicable you know to the magnet worker because you know the state itself has created so many jobs different shows for the urban area is different for the semi urban area is different for the rural is different for the extremely rural area is different.

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You know the state itself has created different June and in the migrant basis, that is in a minimum basis that you know the sort applied to almost everyone in the We are having you know the lots of you know the industry dispute X factories a compensation Act you know the is a, but you know the The migrant workers are completely excluded from all

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these benefits. And, during the movie time, you know, the, in the same department has passed a new law that is, you know, there is 2020 20 and they say that earlier that we are having if the 100 workers is working, you know, that they are having the union.

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They can demand the rights from their, you know, the recorder or the employer. But right now what the government has done, you know, they have increased the union can be formed even if they are having the 300 workers and you know what is happening with this new changes in the law that is the almost 85% of workforce is

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completely you know is the they are not having any kind of petty they can demand about their rights about their laser or any kind of you know that has had us problem or situation if they are facing.

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So, and, the another, you know, is having the exploitative working condition and the 12 h saved.

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Generally we are having the 8 h, but here you know the unemployment is increasing because you know that 2 person is increasing because you know that 2 person is working in the place of 3.

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So as I say that, you know, there is no guarantee of basis and you know, they are not having any kind of health facility and the prices after the COVID that you know the health facility is is increased like anything.

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The government, you know, there's hospitals, they are not having the sufficient benefit and the private hospital charges is like anything that you know they cannot peer the one day of you know the you know the any fast lady that they that can be provided by the private, hospitals.

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So apart from that, some of the, you know, there's social security that they are having.

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You know, though, that is the government is providing to the poor person or the below poverty line but they are unable to have level well because they are not aware about or you know to a well to what is the criteria to have their unique identification number that is our hardcore and you know the most of the migrant workers they

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are not having other part or any kind of. So, if I say that, you know, the periphery that is, you know, we are having the Indian, you know, unorganized workers security at 2,008 that is implemented and you know they may so many chapters so that can it can be

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covered you know the health and maternity benefit and the old age protections about the formation of national board formation of a state table port and restation of you know the on-organized network.

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But, as I say that, you know, there is, I suppose the new labor law, you know, is the is completely, you know, they are having their own, you know, the authority and types of, you know, the authority and types of, you know, the decision.

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They can take, they can remove anyone. Suppose, you know, that is having the, is, the women have to, you know, they can remove anyone.

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Suppose you know that he's having the, is, the women have to, you know, a well the maternity innovate, you know, then what is happening, you know, at the time of applying meta native way, with most of the private institution, you know, they try to ignore to provide the metadata with whether, you know, they, you know, they, you

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know, And this kind of, you know, the problems that is having, you know, as in the penny places, it's not about him with the urbanize it.

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Some of the, you know, is the having the very good, you know, the reputation that is the or institution on low prices, but they are unregulated.

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So that's why they are having paging. So, so far actually I will, you know, compare there is 2,700 welfare schemes that is in our government has introduced.

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And for the welfare of one guy's, you know, the workers and social economical, citizens.

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But in the basic label, again, I will come what I have discussed at the United Nation, you know, the basic social security and here are the conditions, you know, the social security.

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In both the circumstances, they are completely in that, if I will say that, you know, Issue identified to SQL Social Security that is, Do we are having the complete you know the administrative that is you know very complex administrative perspective so you know to avail the benefit that is provided by the government is games you

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know they are aware but you know to avail the benefit that is provided by the government is games you know they are aware but you know to are well it is not an easy task they have to provide the ID and they have to prove themselves you know they have to link with the unique identification with the bank and the other you know the address they are living in the same

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lookality or in the different state. They are different different criteria as mentioned. And as I said that, you know, every third person is migrant means no, they are not in their estate.

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And if they are in other places, hardly they are getting any kind of benefits. So that is another is the inadequate coverage of social security schemes that is they are having at the local level those poor states they are having you know the problems but you know the migrant workers if they are going to work in the other states, they are unable

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to. Language is the barrier. As I said, that you know in India every after every 100 kilometers you know the language is you know the language will change and in this circumstances the language is you know as and the culture is completely here the barriers so they are unable to and you know understand what are the provisions even is provided by

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the you know as the present that is states in which in which they are working and even they are unable to you know avail all this.

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Another is in in in a distribution of resources. So, for this, you know, I can see the example during the first wave of COVID-19, you know, is the only one state that is, you know, is having the 97% of, you know, the period system that is public distribution services.

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So that is, KAYLA is the one state, you know, they are having the very smallest state.

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The Kala is, you know, is having the maximum share of periods during the first wave of COVID.

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19 and then, you know, in the 2020. And this is, you know, is the PD system is hardly working in the almost all the state.

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It is centralized but you know at the time of implementation they are having the So that is as I said that you know after the 75 year it's still you know they are struggling so political concentration they are not having and I you know the government hardly spent any kind of you know the money hardly spent any kind of you know the money that to provide this

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benefit. In this paper, what I have to, you know, a solution and recommendation that, I have made here.

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The implementation of a international law. We are signatory but you know at a time of ratification that is not having and this is the main issue that we are having and it if it will be implemented I think it will be one of the most.

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And based solution. Another is to bring unorganized sectors under the garment paper. That is not happening because the political party is not, you know, as serious and you know, not need at the center of the state because there are large number of section 94% of you know a section.

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Work forces below belong to the ongoing sector. So that is why you know

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Cinto virgula para o país aí que você deve ter atendimento em prova dos polos simples por causa da neve de de agosto de dois mil dezasseis na região não é subir rápido ainda este sábado de Santa catarina e Novela norte ainda se

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entro mais alto da Estendida para.

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Sou reabilitada Ele gosta dos supermercados.

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De anos de idade pelo caminhos uma doença Sou a me deste estou Bem, estender o senhor tem que?

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Eh nacional. E Raff e o Minitch for a descacham.

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I can maybe I can maybe just help if there's something.

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Are there any questions?

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Tem que ser

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Currently not it seems. Is there anything online? I don't know.

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Porque ela.

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Então há dez anos. En el Portal voces delegacia Entendi.

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I, that's a good question. Thank you. Yeah, and the people actually, my interviews really mentioned it that when kind of balancing it.

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Their situation or like reflecting on this situation when they were in Serbia and Bosnia Herzegovina and when they are in Austria and I remember just one quote, one was one to mention if you ask me for example he was saying if you ask me if I like if it's better to be

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gay in Serbia or as an asylum seeker in Austria or as an asylum seeker in Austria, I hate both.

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It's both an asylum seeker in Austria. I hate both. It's both kind of in their own way putting me into a box and I found that really interesting because I found, found it when looking at the experience as queer migrants and the specially queer refugees phase, you can really see where exclusionary politics

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kind of or where where people are kind of left out in politics. And Like if, and when, we look at where in Austria where the kind of still face discrimination in terms of the they don't have their safe community network right like when we think about refugees and migrants they often have their

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diaspora networks and everything and do you don't have that as a queer refugee yes or you are still kind of discriminated in your kind of safe network of a migrant community you're discriminated in their queer Austrian, in this case Queer Austrian community.

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And what I found really interesting was that in my research I found out that they developed new rooms. And I think what we sometimes need to think about is that we need to maybe create those new rooms as well like I was thinking it was it was really interesting that they opened so-called it was called Balcon Love.

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Rooms and and if you think about the history of Yugoslavia especially which is kind of divided by a lot of like what you mentioned religious ethnicities and everything.

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Which was all irrelevant in those spaces. So it was shared. Shared connections of displacement, shared connections of not belonging, which kind of enabled this new space where they helped each other on how to improve your individual like how okay what helped what was helping you in your asylum case?

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How can it help me? What strategies did you use? How can I use it for myself? And there was a kind of a possibility to share knowledge is in these spaces and may I don't know if it answers your question but I think if you look at this spaces where connection and Yeah, connection and connectivity is happening.

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We can maybe find solutions of where other people's are, where politics are excluding certain people. So I'm not sure if it's.

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A good answer, but yeah.

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Tem que sou pode ter que ver que a nina é exato está sonora.

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A gente en El portal, voces, Del sur so Hawil Youtube.

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Soleita nodying topen Eu sou episódio.

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Ano. Sim. Aí é Assim, que são importante andar está a valor de nenhum parto na Igreja né.

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Na saiu Isso é de contacto o que é o de pra pragmaticar Eh a prótese Eh o que é o importante Anderson é Artticulex onde se trata ao ano vai ser Eh devedor de Caforra Eh que Ali a colônia a Prótese ou não

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data Verstappen ébicou e ditadura Mantém de Manausmans Capacete.

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As mulheres.

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O eh Complic em estudar ou de Eh manas menor, versículo de demanda de cem semanas menos de uma Igreja no Nordeste do rio de janeiro e o dia vinte e um de uma igreja no Nordeste do país, a distribuição de responsabilidades guarda em

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Minsk andré sai Lu e vender o Robin uni guarda Responsabiliza.

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De predominar suas descidas emigrantes de uma.

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As ínfras indiferentes a proteste Eh a hidrelétrica de não propôs Ayrton Senna a a minha ordem era a carne Eh Eh a responsabilidade morde e ficou situa joguinho, em juros e Eh de contas,

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desembargadora de contraste e indenização por ano, de a escrachão Eh e Eh Europa em União ainda não risco a redação.

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Joseph guething rr.

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Sobre a é que não Severino ainda nós estilos de bigode seguivando até às hidrelétricas tem que ser uma semana para o que oficialmente lisa meio de azeite Ah, su leque ligado em todas as.

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Não é da prisão de jato paraense de circunstancias no diário oficial da União aguarda o pisa de mil nove cem dezanove e um Sou ilumino de Desesan vi no Lady no rio grande do norte e no espírito santo vieram de perto viagem no

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direito Porque Por que diz que ele se enganar se como são seguida aqui no da presença do voto do sul a avenida diz que o ano.

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Ele quer que vai ainda não ele mês ter estão devendo muito se não solução, de ar leite em porto velho não terminou por retirar e no dia de de Junho, de dezembro, de

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de bebezão o ar pio quer dizer.

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Ia chegar É dinheiro.

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E a senhora tem no vídeo tem que o folhear tenciona ai que ver em redar histórico.

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Deu um homem humanitar lojas e mais prospertível.

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Mas com certeza a rumo vai ser duvido em contemporâneo, para e vanessando por exemplo, depressivo.

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Todas as abalto responsabilize e desnecessária o pleito é muito condista fora e fugir só prisioneiros a fumar a história com forças andem na mas tem for nada They kate Dross depois da perspetiva posta de ser quando

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o o o bate de guaidó Twitter o Beach o sotaque de situaça nenhum o para ficar em frente ai tá aqui na boca.

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Por exemplo, o kosovo na cotavam e Twitter, Somália, Charlie hebdo Moçambique, na delgado quem por exemplo, o renato aguento o hora e anos o faz tem o e dez condicionantes, Égua, e que não Bloco for Display e por

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Nósambique, não ao longo do ano, melhor e essa prova Amanda ao Ministério da condíches não é a sua família transmitir os deputados Wellington.

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Kubitschek é e unitarem a atores de uma das demandas.

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A por exemplo, econômica e isento de sugestões para.

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Okay.

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Entendeu na diz por deu mais de por entre disco de Chanceler warao liderou em Entretanto, eu vou chamar de posse ló a flagrante seixas pivete seixas

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por em dia neve com 20 anos, por exemplo, doutor reva complexos e de frente a e bloco de esquerda que A.

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De Guayaquil não Bota a chance de me de frente às o cor o diferente leva os óculos de Methans Por exemplo, o Ifome Saiba ax é África de que bebida Te prota demais mas a polícia não faz todos por exemplo, ipi mas populações por exemplo,

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Iogurte mil perspectiva o que diz que a gente Sabe, o importa diz que Supremo.

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Não importa só que diz compras.

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Tem de de de de que somos em Nuremberg Por exemplo, para focar já o óleo de de contemporâneo né carro carlos o furor a guerra sobre o é fugir de nós a sonora a aguenta de faz Eh anda isso mais.

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Entende seus aí tem que não descendar.

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Yeah, I can maybe ask again. Are there any questions?

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No. So currently there's not. I don't know, I don't have a clock.

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Here but Oh, okay, so we still have time. So if, if there's something else, I am not sure.

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Hi, Christina.

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Thank you.

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I guess we can then close.

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01:23:14.000 --> 01:23:24.000
Thank you for this session. Thank you for coming. Should I close then hear from or do you? I don't know.

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Fiquei sem que ernesto também.

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Next to me.

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Rezende imposto tá em que leve né de pessoas e na China, da questão que não a pior forma do Foro, privilegiado que o brasileiro do Portugal as triagem indígena da advocacia e no almoço da defender prender as

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Petrobras. Para atendimento da policlínica Mas mais de anos para pessoal frio, essa do o mais de seis a do horas de xadrez de seid cem vicen brinquedo no duarteis rápido em nota diz más uma igrejaes rápida en aluguel

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Yeah.

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de verbas de inunda de do hora em complete e no esis este Lagoa inclusive diz Abrelen Youssef.

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A da justiça não dê a não deve ainda for se quer dizer que é evento em Dezembro de dois mil quinze.

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Da elaboração de sobre a Enxerga sabe, ministra.

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Entendi.

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Thank you very much.

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Cem por cento.