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And you can talk to everybody. That is all. 29. Ok.

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so good morning. I'm Dr. Mano's Davidia.

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 let me first read the acknowledgment of country

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on behalf of everyone together. I pay respect to the spirit of country here in Nam, where we are meeting, I acknowledged the past, and

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Culin Nissan or the Jerry. Why, Veron, as the sovereign people here the cultural knowledge so holders who maintain and promote the non aboriginal law, customs and custodians of responsibilities for country and the people. That country continues

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to sustain generation after generation into the future for all of us. I recognize the important contribution that first nation sinkers have made to sociology, including challenges to our dominant ways of thinking.

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We thank all fascination delegates in the room today for their contributions to knowledge in the discipline.

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Thank you. So let me start this season on civic participation in the process of local community divide by Jason multinational perspective and experience. I'm also one of the speakers, but I've been asked to take care of the proceedings. And also. we have Dr. Salaria. I can request I request him to. comment, the chair also.

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So

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first, our first speaker today is Ruineda Solin will be speaking on children's participation in the prevention of violence

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against fulfillment of children right to participation. So, solving

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through your floor.

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Roganda Solin: Thank you very much. Can you hear me?

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Yeah, yeah. You can hear. Yes. and we can see you.

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Okay. Good. Now, you can share the screen. Yeah. Good. Okay.

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Roganda Solin: Okay.

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Roganda Solin: Good morning. Everyone. My name is, I'm from Indonesia. Thank you for having me in this Asia.

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Roganda Solin: I would like to share my research with the vital children's classification in the convention of violence. Again, children. So if you want to.

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Roganda Solin: this is

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Roganda Solin: also I give my recognition to the all self participant for the railway well on solution and participation. During these research.

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Roganda Solin: the convention of the rights of the job, I recognize what child has full human being with integrity and personality, and the ability to participate very in for Id. Do you information of that

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Roganda Solin: of the chart was adapted by the government of Indonesia in 1,998, all by issuing the staff of national regulations in 2,002.

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Roganda Solin: Since 2,002, the government of Indonesia has been issued to a variety of laws and policies related to the children's high

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Roganda Solin: covering, the protection of children for various form of violence in all of this we comply with the children's participation in the public sphere, decision making progress.

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Roganda Solin: Look at the for 521. So 25 is your reaching for every year. That's before the basic chat protection permission of Indonesia.

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Roganda Solin: You can see the several

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Roganda Solin: in 2,013, one of 3 boys in one of 5 does have experience. It's all physical and in our violence in the past 12 months, according to the violence. Again, children's not break on, that is, they feel that it's a miniature offices.

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Roganda Solin: the relationship between the fifteenth and the surprisingly most, the properties to have their parents their fears.

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Roganda Solin: There were also the

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Roganda Solin: 57% of children. So I do not know. The Government has implemented, at least not for the default, preventing and handling violence against children

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Roganda Solin: of violence in the last year 23 of respondents said they didn't know where to.

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Roganda Solin: Of violence. To these children, most 43.

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Roganda Solin: This has the highest number of violence against. But it is another.

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Roganda Solin: We are the first question. The first one month is the model, our practice of participation in fantastic well, against you.

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Roganda Solin: it said the the one. What is the scope of the impact of

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Roganda Solin: This is the concept to our camera. meaningful job participation. there are.

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Roganda Solin: You're not in such a working context.

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Roganda Solin: The impact of the

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Roganda Solin: today's student actually are seen as subject to have abilities from compared with. Instead of being the beneficial of a program. They are a soldier's Monthly perspective

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Roganda Solin: contemporary, and that you will be recognized with children. I think we will continue to to experience the process of formation and learning, so that the children are no longer state of agents. Now this is hard for it to speak out in society.

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Roganda Solin: Yeah.

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Roganda Solin: to the market.

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Roganda Solin:  So, for example, if it's

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Roganda Solin: children avoid it. Expecting the diverse culture of the children's parents. Vocational origin.

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Roganda Solin: some informer provided any good information regarding the research that about the process, the and offline.

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Roganda Solin: if I person from from from the

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Roganda Solin: and the that, I think scheduled on the of the children

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Roganda Solin: during the

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Roganda Solin: the, the, the, the

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Roganda Solin: in the text of form and government, the communication, including program it has regarding the participation in front of you. Some of

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Roganda Solin: yeah. here are the

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Roganda Solin: mostly the decision was made.

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Roganda Solin: For example, activities schedule, the policy and program priority. I'll get the budget by the government. And

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about that

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Roganda Solin: most of the children being saved to confront the opinion. But there was one child being comfortable with that bullet by the member of Japan.

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Roganda Solin: Lack of physical sickness. There's been really much to inform the other transfer from spatial situation, but they need to learn how to reach them

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Roganda Solin: for coming to the phone planning meeting.

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Roganda Solin: Give me the 5 for preferredness prior to the meeting, that we don't expect the chat voice. if you're intimidated to speak up so time to speed and less attention from the

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Roganda Solin: some of them had experienced. There was no time to speak up, even when they asked to the organizer. These findings indicate the

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Roganda Solin: the patient seems like a combination, and they are to normally they invite it, but not

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Roganda Solin: for the for you.

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Roganda Solin: there are 3

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Roganda Solin: consultancy, collaboration and child initiative for one-party children. You might need to be involved in planning and designing jeopardy program by inspect the government and and the

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Roganda Solin: mapping and analyzing Tamil for our children. In the comedy we import into a consultation for the chap protection policy of

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Roganda Solin: general conducted ending violence against human campaign. So we educator, we're making, based on real story, about violence, against children conducted

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Roganda Solin: for the

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Roganda Solin: during, the

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Roganda Solin: for the influence elements. There was no feedback. Mechanical as you get, the fears of children are being considered

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Roganda Solin: lack of responses and implementation of

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Roganda Solin: since 1,999. Here's an unreliable mechanics for basic of how many people any, but it's mechanism not particularly provided for children

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Roganda Solin: on the Forum, and being a

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Roganda Solin: regarding the

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Roganda Solin: and Julie and the micro.

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Roganda Solin:  this is the

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Roganda Solin: when it comes back

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Roganda Solin: when you have a

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Roganda Solin: more mindful and joking with your skills, or what we looking for data and doing assessment fire on the department program

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Roganda Solin: for the school some school family program

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Roganda Solin: for the family. The relationship between the children and parents become more often the plans give support of admission to the children to actively inform in the chat bottle that's more confident. And for it's

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Roganda Solin: in the soft it committee, more awareness on not to get them, and more respect to the children

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Roganda Solin: for the Government. like of all the integration implementation regarding

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Roganda Solin: protection and participation when we did nothing to so far certificate our program, the

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Roganda Solin: limited budget and capacity to support tap forum in the community. However normally this PE of children children are not yet eligible to have any give them an opinion, but those are the most

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Roganda Solin: fire. One is normal, and you don't need it. They call.

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Roganda Solin: We are the summary of on the first one, children's participation is defending violence against you, the conflict of

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Roganda Solin: no participation.

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Roganda Solin: Potenti. I'll achieve them to become change aged for it. For the political process. Children put in point the decision making process and preventing violence against Tilde to formal mechanism and structures. There must be anything to in some pain where they're so that they can send us this

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Roganda Solin: second one.

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Roganda Solin: It's that one, the finding of the study, you say, the importance of transforming relationship between children and that

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Roganda Solin: between you, and it does not only inform our many, some instructor, it's for the time for particular events, but it will be in the same direction between to them, and the else

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Roganda Solin: it could be stuff on the family. It could be stuff on the family in.

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Roganda Solin: Yeah, we get some recommendation

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Roganda Solin: for the

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Roganda Solin: for the

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Roganda Solin: for the

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Roganda Solin: There are some practical recommendations for or in

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Roganda Solin: you, movement, policy, and regulation regarding on child protection and fun.

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Roganda Solin: participation, youth and increased the government officer and shepherd'sidental capacity on how to work and engage with children, including the shepherd and in public working with children.

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Roganda Solin: You've got this some more failures in that. I don't respect and appreciate you doing the only.

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Roganda Solin: So this is an education, including

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Roganda Solin: so a parenting education. Our Ngo Institution was working with you, and it becomes part of the partner to the government in Montana.

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Roganda Solin: in

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Roganda Solin: moreover, providing awareness and capacity to to family a parent permission, and other important actors, including.

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Roganda Solin:  what? Children?

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Roganda Solin: A member of the

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Roganda Solin: and another children

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Roganda Solin: for future.

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Roganda Solin: Thank you for your attention.

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Yeah.

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yeah, thank you so much for your presentation. And this call you work what you just presented before us all. So the house is open for discussion. If anyone

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online as well as offline one to discuss or raise a question as a question from you. Here she is most welcome, please

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is working.

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thank you, Rganda. It's a very nice presentation, and a very good idea. I'm a no from India. And we have a almost a a similar kind of idea in Kerala State, where they call balisaba, like child assemblies.

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and it is a fairly institutionalized system, and they work with the local elected representatives, pun chats and and municipalities.

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and that the idea which you talked that there is a need of this transforming this relationship with the children and the adult.

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I think this idea has been implemented is being implemented in Kerala and the children. from the beginning. They are engaged in in a local planning and local affairs in a way that they they, they take decisions.

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And so they, I think they feel much much integrated. And that Pla Institute system of planning is also very inclusive. We, because the the children also discuss the things and the Punchat people they come there. They tell these are the projects. These are the situation. This is the funding available. So idea of social audit is also there. So I think in this case also your case.

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If the local government, and if the local, whatever government you have at a local level at A is a town level, if or village level. I think if they decide.

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I think they can evolve this idea. And another thing is the culture, that culture of participation, whether that that is evolving in the society. I think in India there are various examples in different sections, and yes, and Himachel per this, which is a hilly estate, Himalian estate.

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and also in the South Kerala and some other States also this kind of Telangana, etc. There these kind of initiatives are there where there is a culture of engaging children, and it's more institutionalized. But of course there are states where there are problems, and the violence against children is is a is a big issue. And I think there is a need to to to look at this issue

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sociologically and from various other types of marginalization of children is there? So we need to really see extensively from different angles, and how this multi dimensional issue of

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violence against children can be addressed. So it was good good learning about.

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Thank you. There is one observation just adding to the perspective which is generated by my friend Dr. Mano's duty.

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I also want to put before you all that in the the State to which I belong there is a concept of many Parliament.

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A State government has initiated Balsava. Each of the children assembly is being initiated at school level, but the government of Himachel they have initiated many, or these children with Hans of her means.

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Your children, Parliament and students from different schools. They are being invited

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to the State capital, and someone is becoming chief minister, and someone is going becoming educational minister, revenue minister. All the Cabinet is sitting over there, and the gourmer of Ki Marcher he is witnessing, and he is just sharing the session. So this type of participation, and how they feel and how they feel, they concern the other and present before them all, and that is being documented.

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It is good idea from Indonesia as well, and some things are like, like these are also going in this region also over to you, etc. Also want to ask.

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No. I just wanted to share some information from Telangana in India that we have what we call the child Right Protection Committees in every village. C. R. PC, these are from the village ponchite and the different wards of the Apache, where members, you know, participate. And

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we also have. You know, the village parliaments that are very active where children participate because I think in participation, we must understand the first 4 letters, part.

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that people who are to be in them should be part of it, and that path is, you know, very critical, and we normally tend to think for them and decide for them, and want them to be or not be so, I think, in that sense, the participation that is provided in the village parliaments. To be aware, to discuss, to learn, to share. I think those are important.

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because in the beginning you said there was almost 57% lack of awareness. and that 40 to 60% children didn't know where to go for help.

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Now, I think these are 2 very, you know, critical gaps in the situation which need to be addressed, and I think the best thing is to do it at the lowest level. If you have the village due to the village, because then that can be translated or sent into the family, because a lot of this also has to happen in terms of awareness and willingness to change the attitude, and so on. Behavior

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has to happen from the family, too. So I think the family would be a very important institution that will have to play a critical role in the exercise that you have undertaken.

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Thank you, sir, thank you so much. thanks for your wonderful presentations. I will give my remarks, the chairman remarks in the end of a concluding session, with this.

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if you want to say something, please.

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Roganda Solin: Okay, thank you.

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Go ahead.

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If you want to say something. Place?

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Roganda Solin: Yeah, thank you for selling for other countries.

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Thank you. Now, I would like to invite the second Speaker of the session.

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It is virtually or physically.

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virtually. Yeah. Okay. Okay, okay.

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Nicola. morally, from the University of Geneva

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige: over 2 days.

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Oh, do you know what? Okay? Italy? It will. Okay, okay, Italy.

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige: yeah, I and thank you very much for this opportunity. And in general to speak about something that I'm working on. And

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige: in particular, we speak about urban collective action in the field of security, and to my I'm delighted to share with you the first Imperial comparative findings on a neighborhood watch groups in modern.

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige: So actually, the title of the session is about

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige: local civic engagement and local civic participation. And this is something that I had the opportunity to research during my Phd. On the phenomenon of social streets that actually, groups of neighbors want to recreate comedial ties Having noticed the awakening of social relationships in the road of residents.

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige: In particular, the these are a To start online, even if focusing on the road, and after transfer and materializing offline encounters now using conviviality to create here to's bonds

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige: true conviviality, social street produce a sense of attachment, security sociality, and can represent actually a good 2 to 5 isolation, loneliness. And here in the urban setting.

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige: But during my Phd.

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige: I found also the phenomenon of neighborhood watch groups. So group of neighbors who start activating on the field on security. So my interest about this phenomenon is okay, I so during my Phd, that Socialistries are able to create security through conviviality, what happens when you focus first

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige: on security rather than society or reality. And so what produce, create and maintain in the neighborhood context.

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige: neighborhood watch groups are, quite a well known

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige: topic in sociological and criminological literature. It has been studied in us. and mainly Anglo-saxon world world.

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige: studies are focused on the effectiveness of neighborhood watch activities. The activities promoted, the the functions promoted by these groups and also on the processes of a legitimization of these groups around the world.

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige:  actually.

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige: in Italy. this this study this groups started in the nineties following the exam, do you hear me? Well.

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige: yeah.

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige: there is any problem.

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I think so. Yeah, there is. There is some issue on this screen, the this in tempo, really, something is coming, can you? Yeah. Okay, yes, yes. Thank you better. Okay, I, yeah. Because I've been well, maybe I can do this like

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it.

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige: Now, it's better.

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige: Yeah, it's okay. Okay.

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige: And so

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige: in in Italy, actually, these phenomenon is developed mostly in northern regions of Italy. in in Italy, differently from other countries is not permitted to physical street patrolling. So actually, these groups develop through Whatsapp

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige: chats. they report risk to local police officers, but mainly do not meet, or at least they do not patrol the stream. and in the last years there have been several items of institutionalization from both national and local authorities.

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige: I'll have. we still are missing many focal points for a sociological debate on the topic. So, for example, do activities promoted by these groups aim to enhance just a sense of security? Or would they want those to promote social control in our organization?

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige: do these groups endorse behaviors accepted only by a portion of the rest?

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige: And that's convenientity aim to foster, connect social connection among different groups, or cultivate the sense of belonging primarily among the specific sub. The subset of residents, and still, both in Italy and elsewhere, we still missing a comparative research. So these are the first findings from a very first attempt of a comparative research.

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige: So to do this, I promoted study in the context of modern, as I will show you later.

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige: doing? 15.

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige: Yeah. Let me start to interviews with pornography and an online survey. The online service will not present today. we have sample 15 groups

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige: based on for fraudulity, index and a torogenity index, and the coordinators of 15 groups have been interviewed regarding the associated and graphic characteristics, group origin, current activities, characteristics, and compositions

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige: with a particular attention to the rule of security and conviviality.

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige: and also Netflix, have been conducted in order to understand discussions among members, topics advanced and activities were conducted.

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige: So Montana, Montana is a city in the Northe, in the north of Italy, in India, Romania region, in just close to Bologna half an hour from Bologna.

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige: It is a medium-sized city. It is a 184,000 inhabitants that for Italy is a city. 91 neighbors watch groups and 16 inhabitants out of 1,000 active in the neighbors, watch groups. So more or less, 3,000 activists in the context of more than a enabled watch groups. And you see from the map that the the localization is not homogeneous.

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige: But what is interesting from

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige: previously church is that

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige: neighborhood watch groups rise in context of high heterogeneity, high social socioeconomic heterogeneity. And this is interesting because usually it does not happen like that.

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige: And what is interesting also is that it's not the context of frailties.

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige: It's matters. But, as I already said at a time it and in particular, if you look at where it's census tracts. that are those numbers to 209 to 10 to 10.

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige: You see that the presence of these groups are in the social composition fault line. So these raise a lot of sociological concerns about okay. But these groups are able to create social relations among different socioeconomic groups or actually create barriers and fight things up among different social groups.

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige: So actually, one interesting thing is that

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige:  the these groups emerging settings characterized by he it originally the coordinators and members of these groups are typically middle class individuals over the age of 50, originating from Modana

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige: municipality and local police has a major role in promoting these activities, aiming to raise awareness and poster a sense of responsibility among citizens regarding security matters

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige: and despite the high homogeneity observed within the groups, so actually, members of this group belong to the same social composition opposite to the situation that we see in the neighborhood.

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige: and but

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige: and, as far as we have understood well observed, there are no conflicts between those who participate in those who do not participate in the groups.

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige: So even if groups emerging different areas A and so on a comparative side, there aren't significant differences between the groups.

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige: Secondly, groups primarily communicate through Whatsapp. While in-person meetings are infrequent, the main focus is on security as the report potential threat to local police authorities. How have us? Some groups also discuss the overall liability of the neighborhood.

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige: attempts to foster conviviality within the groups are rare and sporadic complex arise regarding the group's role, so determining what should or should not be reported to local police authorities.

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige: A. At times there are instances of discrimination towards homeless individuals or Roma city community members.

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige: actually, there is a lack of perceived increase in security among the neighborhood watch groups, however, there is an observed increase in a sense of community and awareness occasionally leading to enhanced con community. But I want to

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige: The underlying that is an occasional result enabled watch groups do not actively collaborate with other local associations, but this seems to stem more from a lack of interest rather than potential conflicts.

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige: A and an enabled watch groups have mixed up in so way who people do not participate in any group that Dvds so coordinators, so that next price frustration about the general lack of interest

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige: insecurity among those that are not engaged in these groups.

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige: So in conclusion, and coming back to to my questions neighboring watch groups, prioritize activities related to security but in some cases they consider the neighborhood like liability. it seems that do not endorse exclusive behaviors, but

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige: the risk of exclusivity still exists, because, It could be due then, and could be a merge from group homogeneity. as is not representative of what is happening in the neighborhood.

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige: And when, let's say, participants try to access their role, they are directly sanctioned by coordinators, and these help in not having exclusive behaviors for the moment.

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige: on the other side

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige: community is infrequent as providing in these groups is not widely perceived as essential and establishing connections among residents is not their primary focus security serves as a unifying factor and comedian. It emerges only when coordinators post their cohesion and community rather than security, and I'll have a involvement format side the groups is limited.

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige: So as a lesson, learn. And referring goes to what I've studied in social streets, phenomenon is that neighboring watch develops and spread among a middle class population native to the study context, showing a strong attachment to the neighborhood and the city. They find in these groups a way to take care of the street in the neighborhood also, thanks to strong institutional support that motivates their involvement.

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige: This also explains the limited. The relevance could be given to conviviality. These individuals already have existing ties to the community, does not feeling the need to create new bonds of belonging.

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige: I'll have a what I would like to underline as a crucial aspect is that COVID-19 has to break down the barriers of security and promotes ouristic care for the neighborhood. It has the potential to be inclusive as opposed to having a focus oriented perspective solely on security or other aspects.

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige: So with this, and I thank you for your attention and questions are really welcome. Thank you.

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Yeah. thank you, Nicola, very much for your deliberation. And

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definitely the way you narrate it's called A, you know it will definitely develop another insight. So Chessn is open for discussion. Anyone, whosoever online or a flying.

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are requested to ask any observative pass observation or ask question, please. So thanks, Nicole for a nice presentation. I'm a manoj from India.

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chandiger. I've been to Genoa incidentally, and this idea of neighborhood watch group We also have implemented our in our neighborhood, but that was a spontaneous. It was not, like some initiated by the local government or somebody. But we have a a group called Morning Walk Group.

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige: and this evolved slowly by the local people in the middle aged

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slowly. It has become a you know, a kind of network

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with the families and the children, and also come together. And it's like it has become a collective kind of initiative which takes care of This dimension. Also, like people, know each other, they have come together, and even those who are not having their house, but living on the rentals.

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They are also part of this group. And in a way, this is a spontaneous kind of initiative. We started by 2 3 people, but now it has grown to like about 100 people

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in the neighborhood. So I think that this idea of a neighborhood watch.

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and how you sociologically looked at it I don't know whether.

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because In some cases these groups.

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when they evolve, they evolve with certain motives or certain interest

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and but the the the security, something very, very unique. Kind of idea that for security never would watch groups. what? What is the low local, you know, response from the local institutions, are they, you know, supporting this idea, or besides.

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige: yes, thank you. I, even if there are other questions.

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Hello.

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yes, yeah. Nicole is fine, really is interesting the inside that you have given out of your presentation. I really agree with the your points, and already my colleague, Professor Monoji, has been restricted.

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As for the neighborhood neighborhood, we can grow. Whether will they have any formal or they kind of interactions with the deliberate continuity in their planning. activities.

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or will they have any director indirect?

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referral? Are attachments with the neighbouring civil society, because it is an informal structure. Will they have any affiliations with the neighbouring society? For an example in a duo's, another forum to strengthen its spirit and motive

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to attain their ideas. And we says what they wanted to have with regards to the urbanization issues related with the organizations on the area. Thank you.

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige: Thank you. Again, may I ask your name? Just okay. Thank you.

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Jenni.

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Okay, this is Nick and the Swami from India again.

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This neighborhood concept that you've presented? No. In in the town where I have come from we have an issue where there are some common assets in the neighborhood.

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so the management, the maintenance, the upkeep or the you know, utility of those assets for members in the neighborhood, I think, is a very critical issue, a critical aspect. When there is a a formal kind of an arrangement, perhaps they can intervene and see how problems can be resolved.

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But when that doesn't exist, I find that in the Park I walk every day. I am very disturbed because that neighborhood concept

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of understanding that it is ours. So I think no. Anything to bring people together must be around some issue, or some you know place, or some you know asset that they become really part of it, or have a sense of ownership of it. And that's something that I'm trying. But it's interesting to see to learn. You know what you have been doing and how things work in Italy.

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Yeah, Nicola, just one more point. I forget when I was talking. do we have this? button. Different pattern in the in the gated communities, or the communities which are open or something. Do, do. Do you have some? When you selected these groups, did you find some some variation or something?

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige: Umhm?

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige: Yes, very interesting point. Thank you very much. I will. Mmm, answer briefly. so these activities are absolutely

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige: sponsored, let's say, promoted by local institutions. it's something that local institution really endorsed, because, the perception of security rather than real security is an issue in Italy. It has it in the political debate from 30 years at least.

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige: And and so local institutions want to emphasize and strengthen the link with citizen, to see, to make them understand that. Actually, there aren't really track to security. And so it's something promoted by local institutions and

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And so there are formal connections. So, for example, the mayor of Modina has direct relationships with

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige: each neighborhood watch, coordinator

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige: and they have also specific communicative channels to foster sensibleization, awareness, etc.

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige: at the same time, I mean, and it's something quite strange, because it's a security is a has been always in the center of the beta of the center right governments. But in modernize the center left governments. So also, the center left is a is a more sensible to to the issues of securities. at the same time, what we are feeling is that,

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige: on the other side, professor and since raised the thing that and the neighboring savings civil society. Well, now he's decreasing the the the services id at the neighborhood level. So this is also a new form of participation that actually is recreating something that didn't exist in the last 20 years.

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige: And so there aren't many connections, because actually, there is a desert at the neighborhood level. So there is also this kind of things on the thing of gated communities. It's something that we do not have. it's more in the outskirts of the city, because I mean, like,

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige: yeah, it. It's very difficult to change. Let's say the urban setting in Italy, due to protective historical heritage, etc. So we don't have this kind of experiences.

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Niccolò Morelli - Unige: What we do see is that it emerges not in the very center of the city. but in. let's say it, more residential areas, but are not gated communities. I would say, yeah, but thank you very much for your questions.

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It is time for the next presenter, please. And the next presenter is Dr. Mano schumer tutier.

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He is presenting physically over to it is

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good afternoon.

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Let me take you

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to my city.

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which is in the north of Delhi, about 250 kilometers and some other initiatives from the region I will be talking. This is a picture from Chandigurt.

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It's green in the foothills of Himalia symbolic range.

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in this paper. I I want to show some of the, you know. Participatory revitalization, Initiatives in terms of urban environmental infrastructure in the day region. Some some studies I have connected, and it is based on those studies from the region

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I've been carrying a series of studies on a state of cities in Northwestern India, and many metropolitan terms have been covered. These are some of the study sources. So, you know, on waste management on there is a scheme called Util Mission for urban rejuvenation and transformation.

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and many more.

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So it's northern part on the top.

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And as you know that cities in India

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are growing and growing, because the shift

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in these sectors.

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the contribution of agriculture is declining rapidly in the Gdp

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and the service sector and industry mainly service sector, has grown very fast.

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and the implications of this you can see on on cities that a lot of people are coming to the towns, and particularly this process increased very fast after 1991 the when the the government started liberalization

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and the the different type of urban realities which are emerging in India and the urbanization is there. We have about 8,000 towns

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in which we have census towns, statutory towns

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and the more than 60% of Gdp is produced. more than 65% of Gdp is now produced in the city. So mainly these activities, industrial and service sector activities are

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concentrated in the city. So cities are facing a lot of challenges. Also, of course, there are good initiatives, but at the same time there are, you know, issues of constraints deprivations. And

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stress on on urban environmental infrastructure.

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we have a constitutional provision where the local governments are mandated to take care of the local environmental infrastructure.

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And which talks about various dimensions of urban environmental infrastructure, including waste management, water, sanitation, public health, etc., etc.

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Hmm. Like this, and

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India. About 1.2 billion population is total out of that with 377 million are urban

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and about 31% in 2,011, we are still having census of 2,021, and I hope it will be maybe 35% or more urban population. But some States are having very high percentage of population, like 45%, or like Theamin lad who is highly organized. Punjab is also

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about 45. Now, so there are variations. And this urbanization is bringing lot of population. Solemn population is also there, and we have huge population in about 17.8% in 2,011.

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So, and there are gaps in terms of normative patterns of in improved important infrastructure services like what our waste drainage and etc.,

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I did. I study in 9 towns in Punjab recently. And I found multiple issues. So for of in terms of waste management, multiple issues of participation and the institutional arrangements, and policy, etc. But

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and we have a system of ranking these days, which is called the ranking like like a clean India camp. ranking

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and towns they make efforts, and their their ranking is done. So in Punjab. The ranking of many of the towns was not good in comparison to some other estates in South like This indoor was the best, and some other towns

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Mys over, etc.,

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and the also Bhopal, and some parts of some towns of Tamil, Nadu, or port, and Kerala towns were also good, but in Punjab towns were not good. But this particular town had a very good mechanism. They evolved out of this in Punjab Out of many towns they have about 200 towns.

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This town called it created a lot of go to practices and the the they started with, i. E. C. Information, education and communication activities where they engaged people in the beginning, because segregation was a big issue

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So this try to sensitize And of course the the leadership was taken by the local municipal president who try to engage different stakeholders and the sensitize local people that please segregate the faced

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and So they started decentralized processing and also composting. etc. The remediation of old dumb site was also started

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so to so that they can they can then source segregation was, in a way promoted by by sensitizing the local, even religious institutions were engaged. So I do conduct some programs for municipalities where we also try to bring those leaders or those initiators. whether they are political or

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their administrative, to to share the ideas, how they have done, what they have done, and how other towns cities can learn. So in a way, I do a lot of action. Oriented research

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in in various sectors of urban, including urban environmental infrastructure. So this this you know. town they they they did a lot of participatory work, and the people really changed the scenario.

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And there are many other initiatives where like puncheoni Maharashtra they just to remove the line fields and in in luck. Now they are making floral waste from religious places. They collect the religious waste and make it floral. You know, it's they make incentistics with the floral waste.

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So this kind of initiative. So with the Ngos, with the M. M. M municipal systems, with the citizen in in a ways

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like the this one in Bangalore many other initiatives have been done with the participation of people. So this is, this is just an overview of waste management. But we also have a small initiative in chandiger in a highly segregated, deprived neighborhood which came up as a

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after the slum rehabilitation program initiated in late seventys. So the Randerbar

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the what they did in RAM Dharbar.

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These were the parks actually in the neighborhood area which were enclosed by the people because they were very poor people. They were having animals, they were having goats. So And the there's

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pigs, etc. So they enclosed all about 90 parks in this neighborhood in and this is for N from 97 this 96 97. This was the situation. So situation was very bad.

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and a lot of. I collected lot of news cuttings to see what kind of issues were there. because it's very difficult to ask people to remember of like nineties. How was the situation or the so I tried to go back to the, you know, see the newspaper cuttings, and so I found that the reporting was very, very bad that time.

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So they started a Neighborhood environmental initiative program for neighborhood Improvement. And the lady who was elected from that ward. She went to another town to learn this initiative. Lubiana.

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so she learned from there, and she came back, and she started this initiative, engaging local people, more people, equally women and men. So there were like 32 people, 16 men, 16 women.

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I'm solution.

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I am in a lecture. I will call you back in 10 min. So sorry. Yes, somebody's

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coming here.

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 So they they they started it. And

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You see, they also started with the help of local people some forrestration program. And when removed from this area and some enforcement was removed, the the keys were planned in there.

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and so it it has grown. Now as the forest. This is very old picture I documented in initially in 2,003,

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so now they are grown up trees.

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and these are the same parks. I showed you the picture in the beginning. The lady tried to contact people and said that these are your area, please.

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maintain it better. This is for good health of your. And so the in a way, local leadership. It is. Start, initiated. The you know, dialogue with the local people, and see face a lot of challenges. It's a long story. But yeah.

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There was a complaint and cases also against her. But initially, she worked in one park. She developed it with the help of local people. They, you know, some people contributed some money because money was very last.

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so they collected some money and they developed one park. Then she went to another park, which was then grows

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brought them there. See how beautifully these people are now living. So you also help. So slowly, slowly she did this in 90 parks, and this this lady become Mayor later twice.

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and Councillor, thrice chairperson of Social Welfare Board, etc. Etc. This was a dumping ground just in front of her poloni.

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This was a dumping ground, and this side is the industrial area. This is the

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so what? She went to the local administrator, and she said, we also want parks like Chandigur, has a lot of parks sending that is, having, like lot of green guys, a lot of parts in other good neighborhoods. So, said he so initially. He was reluctant. He said, what you will do in a slum like area. People will remove everything they will do encroachment here. They send that, she said. It's my problem. So what's he did

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see? Said I, will develop cactus gardens so that people don't uproot because Ketucks have. You know those

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little sort of phones. So she's developed a cactus garden and see even this, you know. So and but now this part is like lifeline is a big park just in front of that colony. It has become a lifeline for that area.

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Poor people come here Winters They enjoy life here. Morning walks, evening walks all the time, children, and your so this is very beautiful. Now and then I later again I collected slowly, slowly, because I've been working in this area for almost, I think, 2,002 onwards

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rather even early, 2,001 or onwards. So I've been keeping watch what is going on. So I collected a the bad news. I found that a lot of good news were coming like residence.

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So, and you see the way

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these people took initiatives. Of course the lady was there, instrumental in motivating people.

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and this road was like dumping around like 5 6 foot of the garbage was here for a long, many years.

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So this was done for, removed.

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And this was also constructed. So environmentally, you know, and this news in 2,003.

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So initiation initiatives. They started in 96 after the first municipal elections after 70 Fourth Amendment, and then in 2,003. This was the news that

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how smaller, so that the mighty, the number of committee Changed the scenario and made this one very hard from hell to even 3 or 3 good parts is the summary of this, because this is in Hindu. So I put some

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points here.

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and I also did a study that time, which was also published by the newspaper. I did a little, detailed this study.

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and I called it around the world of urban regeneration that how poor people can, you know, change the the scene and the the and it's very important, because it has a lot of sociological.

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and even the marriage pattern was affected here. People will not marry their girls because the the roads were not clean. The lot of encroachments, sanitary conditions were not good. So so many problems

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and security issues, drug addiction, etc., etc., and the

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both property prices, the image of the aesthetic sense, etc. Everything was bad, but even the when they removed the encroachments, and they redesign the houses, even houses become very beautiful. And now

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oh, for this.

333
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and how to close it.

334
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Yeah, you can talk or yeah.

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So so this had changed the scenario completely. And now the property prices, the cleanliness, environmental conditions recreation facilities parks better maintenance apart, this has become really a integrated kind of society.

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The many other initiatives since. I think time is limited. I don't want to go, but this is also from chandiger mostly the green initiatives with the help of the people. And for the poor people like this is one of the initiative, as poor people cannot go to distance places for the training of computer which is provided by the local government. So what local government wait? They? They put a mobile ban

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and they go to the solemn area of the Course neighborhood and train the unemployed huge there itself.

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which means that their post and their time is saved, which is very important for the poor people, because they were not able to. So this kind of participatory initiatives. This is also back to more.

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And they have been doing. And these are the green autos, by, you know, under poverty. Elevation is scheme. These autos were given to the these people so lot of and they got a lot of awards recognition from Government of India and elsewhere.

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these were the women who were affected by HIV, etc. They were also engaged and provided training. We also train people. This is from my institute. We also train these ladies that how to do how to. You know, this leadership can be made more effective in the field, and so that they can work in their own localities, which are having deprivations.

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There is another initiative in candidate for housing and this housing for the slum developers.

342
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although it's not we cannot say that it's a kind of participatory initiative. But but it's a kind of environmental revitalization in the sense that here there were a lot of slums, and now they have nice houses, and they also go towards from ministry.

343
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There are many other initiatives for environmental revitalization where, like

344
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for solar energy lot of solar energy initiatives are being taken up. Green B is very used This cycle tracks is another new thing. Earlier. There we were not having cycle tracks, but now we have dedicated cycle tracks which are very safe, and, like earlier people, used to go on the same load

345
01:12:23.470 --> 01:12:32.189
problematic. But the slowly we sensitize people that it is time now to move. So now people move on this

346
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track, and Less accidents are there. There is another very good initiative in Chandigar. We have a lake called Sokna Lake.

347
01:12:42.250 --> 01:13:05.750
So a lot of silk used to come from this area earlier. This is not as green, but because I don't want to go it. Separate project, presentation itself, but the to stop the silting in the lake. Some initiatives were taken in this, in this, in this villages, to stop the saving of the day in Jamaica, and

348
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grading was they stopped. They were provided some alternative employment People were engaged in a big way. Hill resource management. Society was formed, and So they were given rights in the forest produce and the water

349
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Which was collected through check times. So this Sukomazi is called Sukumazi experiment, which become very, very popular, and it was replicated in a large number of other villages.

350
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And so it's also one of the good participatory initiative which took which happened in northern part of India and symbolic for tales, and how the environmental infrastructure and services were improved through this initiatives is also very, very commendable. And

351
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so the idea was that I I talk about certain initiatives where people participate in initiatives. So you know, can change environment can. do really wonderful things. This is from Chandigurt and in participation. I think what I found that leadership is important somewhere. Homogeneity of the population is important. My friend was talking about hatred and I and other things in

352
01:14:21.140 --> 01:14:22.890
population in the neighborhood

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somewhere. It's a culture of changes that people are ready to do something and learn something and implement something. Some things institutional arrangements support from various stakeholders, including from the local government. somewhere. It is. If you are fulfilling some economic need of the population or people, they they come forward somewhere is is like people want to do something like we have done something.

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I also carry a lot of things like this, and I try to engage a lot of people for this kind of initiatives.

355
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because I say that, let's begin at our own level. If we want to improve environment grain, you know, in green infrastructure. This is from my home itself, and we have done a lot of work in my own neighborhood where, even we have form. We have a groups of ladies.

356
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They do a lot of such work in their own park. Yeah, they produce a vegetables and their things in their own parks and kitchen, gardens and all. So now, thank you from my green campus. This is my institute.

357
01:15:40.370 --> 01:15:45.300
So thank you so much just to have glimpses of

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so many interventions which are being launched by your institutions as well as your local government. At one of the most beautiful city at Chandiger. Now, session is open for discussionaries

359
01:15:56.280 --> 01:16:05.669
and observation. please. Yes, in a few occasions you mentioned the derivation with the local government or the municipalities.

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I was asking myself, to what extent do these social initiatives have the support? And what type of support from local governments and is, is, is, did you notice variation?

361
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among the the local support. And in what sense? And how do you? what is your analysis of the relationship between local government

362
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and those initiatives? And when I I I talk of of local government. In in fact, I should talk of local state and meaning, including the the the superior superior level of the State involved in in, in, in localities, in different ways.

363
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very, very important question. sir, you have raised actually here. Support is also very crucial. even whether it was a RAM dwarf model of that poor colonies revitalization.

364
01:17:13.730 --> 01:17:23.730
I I think I forget to convey that she went to the municipal corporation once he constituted that neighborhood Committee.

365
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and she ask what you can contribute

366
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So she charged about, or person about ₹1,600 that day that time, and and also the instruments for cleaning, for collecting. And this ready, what do you call So all this support was taken from the local government.

367
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and also when you develop these parks, there is a fund word area development fund.

368
01:17:58.580 --> 01:18:17.520
So see you some little money from that area, because that time the fund was not much so. She asked any, even local Mp. Member of Parliament to give some contribution for those arcs. So those facilities which were created in those small small small parks in each neighborhood

369
01:18:17.530 --> 01:18:22.000
there was, I think, a cluster of 40 houses. one park.

370
01:18:22.030 --> 01:18:43.939
so see, Collect took some money from there, some money from local government, and of course the support was there similarly, in the in this Forrest initiative that there was a support from for the foundation as a international funding agency. Initially, when the check Dems were constructed and other thing, other initiatives were taken and also

371
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little help from the State Government, which is higher level of governments, because the punchet was very weak. Financially they were not having money, so, because the sprinkler system they they put underground pipes. The topography was not good in that village So they provided irrigation water to the people, and that involved a lot of money. So money came from the Ford Foundation.

372
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From the and technical support came from the central government. There there is a center for soil and water Conservation Research and Training Institute in chandigar they supported, and they the local Hill Resource Management society was constituted to collect the

373
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irrigation the the revenue coming from the that water which they were providing through a sprinkler and other systems underground pipes from these catchment area. So the support was there. And this very important because I have seen in some other cases.

374
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when the donor

375
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goes or the support is withdrawn, the initiative also stops. You are very, I mean, this is this question is very, very important, because and how to make them sustainable is is very question, because the social initiatives participatory initiatives. But in case of RAM their bar.

376
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Of course they still get money for maintenance for other things, and all but

377
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the multiplier impact of those initiatives

378
01:20:21.710 --> 01:20:30.059
are much more because the the of life has improved their cost. The the expenditure on the health

379
01:20:30.060 --> 01:20:54.320
has decreased because they are less sick because they get more clean water environment their less. You know, bacteria or virus in the area. So the I mean those kind of, and then other implications like on marriage. I told the people are now, because they were. They were, in a way, initially They were asked to not to have animals also in these parks.

380
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because Chandiger has a policy to remove all the animals from this area and the earmark, some areas where they could have animals like goats or the fellow or something, because they were the source of livelihood of these poor people. But slowly, slowly, some people, they they changed their occupation. So occupational mobility also happened.

381
01:21:17.170 --> 01:21:32.549
and their income also grew. The education levels also grew with that. So I mean, there are so many things which happen in that locality, and this is completely now different scenario. Their houses are very now. Many people are very rich.

382
01:21:33.060 --> 01:21:49.790
and they get good income from rentals and other things, so I think we are running very short of time now, because we do have only we will discuss it later on.

383
01:21:49.860 --> 01:22:00.450
Thank you so much, Dr. Monoch, and thanks for the questions and query and obseration. Now I would like to request. Dr. Najendra Swami.

384
01:22:00.640 --> 01:22:08.810
who is going to but going to speak on participatory democracy for sustainable development, sir? 4 is yours, and

385
01:22:09.030 --> 01:22:12.469
we have to finish it by 220.

386
01:22:13.160 --> 01:22:15.069
Yeah.

387
01:22:20.050 --> 01:22:21.550
thank you very much.

388
01:22:21.590 --> 01:22:38.340
as my title says, I'm going to be sharing with you an experiment that I have been involved in for about 5 plus decades to understand and identify the processes involved

389
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in participatory democracy for sustainable development.

390
01:22:43.740 --> 01:22:59.209
 Now, I've just put a the summary of my presentation here. If somebody is

391
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 now the

392
01:23:04.150 --> 01:23:05.060
no.

393
01:23:07.040 --> 01:23:09.760
this looks very small. Can I make this big.

394
01:23:09.980 --> 01:23:11.680
the, the

395
01:23:12.080 --> 01:23:14.619
this. No, not this.

396
01:23:15.270 --> 01:23:16.770
the next slide. Okay.

397
01:23:18.190 --> 01:23:20.659
this one here. Okay,

398
01:23:20.750 --> 01:23:33.079
the the background to what I'm going to be presenting is basically my exposure, involvement and experience of 5 plus decades that I mentioned

399
01:23:33.140 --> 01:23:41.980
and then people's. a participation as an important aspect of helping

400
01:23:42.700 --> 01:23:59.850
 crosses a focused experiment with partnership as an essential basis for facilitating development in the district of Mahmoud, Naga Tlangana State, beginning with the consultation.

401
01:24:00.150 --> 01:24:12.539
I'd like to, you know. So say a few words about this, because The whole element of participation that we are talking about of people in development

402
01:24:12.560 --> 01:24:40.790
was one particular phase that came up after the phase of charity that we traditionally began with, and later on you will see a slide of a development ladder that I've envisioned where this will be explained. But my learnings and experience with participation was that When we talk about people's participation! There was a number of questions in terms of what kind of participation?

403
01:24:40.960 --> 01:25:04.980
If people raise their hands, it's participation. People are mobilized and brought to a meeting, it's participation. So my 15 years of exposure to a participation make made me come to the conclusion. Forgive me for the words I use, that participation is the most abusive and misused concept in development.

404
01:25:05.210 --> 01:25:22.060
Now, make-believe, you know, kind of a thing. So when I wanted to really go further, I said, participation. Yeah, we try to fool around with it, and we got fooled in the end. But real step for people's involvement, and no party. A thing is from participation to partnership.

405
01:25:22.400 --> 01:25:35.239
People must really be partners of their development, not male participants. So we did an experiment of participate, a partnership of people from 1,986, until almost 2,005,

406
01:25:35.860 --> 01:25:45.750
and this I began with a consultation exercise in 276 villages of a district where I spent 18 months.

407
01:25:46.380 --> 01:25:51.569
going from village to village and doing nothing but asking questions.

408
01:25:52.250 --> 01:26:01.339
I engaged in a conversation with people where I only asked questions. I didn't make statements. I didn't tell stories. No.

409
01:26:01.920 --> 01:26:10.729
because I learned that the question as a tool is the most important and most powerful

410
01:26:11.070 --> 01:26:13.960
to make people start thinking

411
01:26:14.340 --> 01:26:17.450
and thinking is the beginning of development

412
01:26:17.860 --> 01:26:36.460
and all that we have done in the phase of participation. And so on. I think we have basically undermined the ability of people to think for themselves. We know better than they do. We can do better than they do, but I think people can't do worse than we.

413
01:26:36.670 --> 01:26:53.629
So I think that was a kind of a realization where I said, thinking is critical for democracy and development. And then, so far we have been working more with economic models. We thought, economic models are the, you know, the way to go about for development.

414
01:26:53.720 --> 01:27:00.259
And I think in the process. What was really missing was the socio-cultural aspects of development.

415
01:27:00.570 --> 01:27:07.310
In my consultation exercise I learnt that

416
01:27:07.540 --> 01:27:15.380
economics is important. Money is necessary. I think money is a necessary evil. We can't do without it.

417
01:27:15.550 --> 01:27:29.690
But I think, what is more important, and what I learned from the consultation exercise was that people's self-respect. What happens to the self-respect of people in the process of facilitating or helping them with development?

418
01:27:30.620 --> 01:27:35.009
Are we undermining it, or are we enhancing the self-respect of people.

419
01:27:35.160 --> 01:27:43.550
We continue to be benefactors forever, and they continue to be benefits, beneficiaries forever. What kind of development is? That is a big question.

420
01:27:44.000 --> 01:28:11.520
So I think it's important that The economic models should also take into consideration the aspects of the socio-cultural which I learned the first thing was self-respect. Secondly, the diminishing trust in society, in people. There's the Mutual Trust has, you know, been a big target. So without trust, how can you think of development? How can you think of people coming together, people coming together and working together.

421
01:28:11.520 --> 01:28:24.129
So I think the issue was the self-respect of people, the mutual trust, and, thirdly, indifference or lack of concern for their village or for their place of habitation.

422
01:28:24.130 --> 01:28:46.750
meet a village or award in a municipality. When people are not concerned about what is happening about. You know the ill health of people about, you know, the vestage being all over the place in their community. How can you expect that anything will happen. So our focus was on, how do we bring about these 3? But these are issues of attitude and behavior.

423
01:28:46.850 --> 01:28:54.710
So this was, you know, the learning of the exercise that we did for 18 months in those 2 76 villages.

424
01:28:55.980 --> 01:29:05.880
Now the objective of no, the whole idea is to facilitate people in villages to explore ways and means to work on their attitudes.

425
01:29:06.350 --> 01:29:14.570
because I think in development the attitude will change, and the resultant behavior pattern, I think, are very critical.

426
01:29:14.790 --> 01:29:19.859
Secondly, to bridge the gap between the elected representatives and the public.

427
01:29:19.910 --> 01:29:39.449
Today in India, I think, you know, we have a very big gap between these 2, and, thirdly, to inculcate the concept ownership, to bring about a sense of ownership among the elected institutions and people, to achieve a functional democracy which is participatory.

428
01:29:50.000 --> 01:29:53.660
Now, I'm sorry. Yeah,

429
01:29:55.040 --> 01:29:56.439
I, Mrs. Light.

430
01:30:01.450 --> 01:30:13.769
Now, the process, I think, in development is very critical very often because it's time consuming. It is dealing with human behavior and interaction. We tend to push it aside.

431
01:30:13.830 --> 01:30:19.249
But the process, you know, should, because development is a qualitative challenge and a process

432
01:30:19.410 --> 01:30:23.339
not to be confused with progress, which is quantitative?

433
01:30:23.990 --> 01:30:27.270
I asked. The question, is progress?

434
01:30:27.390 --> 01:30:28.630
Development

435
01:30:29.720 --> 01:30:31.239
is having more

436
01:30:31.380 --> 01:30:35.160
development or being better? Is development

437
01:30:35.270 --> 01:30:40.200
being better? Is qualitative having more is quantitative. So we are being.

438
01:30:40.570 --> 01:30:52.070
you have going. Yeah? And under the illusion that making progress in development. having more, have we learned to behave better. He's a big question in society today.

439
01:30:52.210 --> 01:30:59.340
So I think the idea of understanding that development is a qualitative dimensions of nothing.

440
01:30:59.360 --> 01:31:07.419
Secondly, the philosophy that we have been trying to know. So inculcate and spread is that real development begins

441
01:31:08.090 --> 01:31:10.590
when we stop complaining.

442
01:31:10.930 --> 01:31:22.620
start thinking and taking responsibility. These are the issues that, I think are. You know some are missing. So because we have. We have made people to stop thinking

443
01:31:22.830 --> 01:31:24.240
at the grassroots.

444
01:31:24.290 --> 01:31:40.729
so as long as people don't think they cannot really sort of, you know. Stop complaining, because today is only complaining. I feel sometimes that we should really reverse the paradigm, not what the Government can do for us. But what can we do for ourselves? First, to begin with.

445
01:31:40.730 --> 01:31:56.169
that would be real, participatory, but that, I think, is not yet in all it. But so the activity. Was that villages in partnership is the organization an idea that I founded in 1984 and started working in my Bubnagar

446
01:31:56.170 --> 01:32:18.219
is to see, how do we understand this? So it was really to search, because that till then we have a lot of norm very successful. Instances of good projects being implemented. Well? But in terms of understanding the process, how do we really bring in fundamental change in attitude and behavior of people.

447
01:32:18.330 --> 01:32:21.329
because those are critical, you know, for any development.

448
01:32:24.930 --> 01:32:37.540
Now, the importance of glass was democracy. democracy, the most popular form of government and participation as its foundation is gaining importance, and is a subject of discussion in social development.

449
01:32:38.050 --> 01:33:05.640
In a democracy it is expected that individual and collective capabilities have the opportunity for nurturing and development. However, effort seems insufficient or inadequate to create spaces where the citizens can interact freely and peacefully, affecting seriously the possibilities of pursuing lives. That individuals, Val, which is a true freedom in a democracy.

450
01:33:06.450 --> 01:33:15.519
This amount pursuit is freedom in freedom of in a democracy this pursuit is denied, and is conspicuous by the absence.

451
01:33:21.210 --> 01:33:24.919
absence of maximum participation of maximum people.

452
01:33:26.610 --> 01:33:30.580
if you see the slide now here.

453
01:33:31.260 --> 01:33:38.119
yeah, I think no. The right to dream and think about their lives, a freedom that eludes majority in India.

454
01:33:38.310 --> 01:34:02.430
I think the so. The the slide has been a pretty self-explanatory, and yet another Friday. Freedom that eludes the majority in India is the right to dream and think about their lives. This has become the right of the leaders and the bureaucrats, denying the vast majority, the freedom to think alternatives to choose in opportunities for responsible participation.

455
01:34:10.270 --> 01:34:27.530
Popular participation in democracy has been reduced to passive participation of indifference rather than active and responsible, thus making many democracies only half-baked representative, leaving the other half participatory to remain a growing challenge.

456
01:34:27.850 --> 01:34:34.600
The indifference continues to contribute significantly to the growing list of inconveniences to all

457
01:34:37.350 --> 01:34:58.450
India. The largest democracy can be proud of being a very successful democracy in terms of holding regular elections to the houses of people's representatives, even if the elections to the local bodies, as the village block district and Winsville levels are often not delayed the quality of persons we elect is a different story.

458
01:34:59.300 --> 01:35:07.320
Nevertheless, periodic and regular elections are indeed the strength of India's representative democracy as a political system.

459
01:35:10.120 --> 01:35:19.649
Thus election of representatives periodically continues to remain the focus of democracy for both the political parties and the electorate in India.

460
01:35:19.810 --> 01:35:30.239
This has led to the concentration of both economic and political power, which clearly is a violation of all the essential principles of a participatory democracy.

461
01:35:30.430 --> 01:35:52.889
Kandiji had a vision for democracy in India, wherein power shall be shared by all and cautioned against democracy degenerating into morbocracy. Unfortunately, this has taken the path to mobocracy more crazy, abetted by political and administrative corruption. The remedial recourse calls for decentralization

462
01:35:55.210 --> 01:36:02.280
of economic and vertical powers through the system of Funchi thrash or local self-government, or Graham Suraj

463
01:36:02.770 --> 01:36:17.510
a nation of over 1 billion population cannot be effectively or efficiently managed by any centralized system, be it at the central state or district level. The wisdom of Gandhi is evident in his call for Graham, for Raj.

464
01:36:28.360 --> 01:36:46.729
Traditionally the Indian village was more independent than it is today. It was made, it even made and implemented its own laws. Post independence and modernization, coupled with urbanization, have impacted the independent village in ways detrimental to Graham Swaraj.

465
01:36:46.730 --> 01:37:06.790
while the 70 third and 70 fourth constitutional amendments were intended to facilitate democratic decentralization. There isn't encouraging evidence in this direction. The village has been offered requiring government departments, civil society organizations to adopt villages for development.

466
01:37:10.690 --> 01:37:19.160
Unless representative democracy blossoms into a participatory democracy. Democracy, democracy will continue to be a dream.

467
01:37:21.530 --> 01:37:23.700
All effects have been talked down.

468
01:37:28.690 --> 01:37:53.689
This development ladder by villages and partnership is the outcome of 15 years of intensive involvement in grassroots development in villages along the east coast of India, 1,969 to 84, from charity to participation. The climb to partnership began in 1,986, and to the next step ownership in 2,006, and this I would like you to look at the attitudes

469
01:37:53.690 --> 01:38:01.230
and attributes of the different steps on the ladder that the people pass through or placed in

470
01:38:09.090 --> 01:38:26.120
economic progress is necessary, but social transformation is a much for development. We have been trying to develop economically. With not giving sufficient or necessary. Focus on the socio.

471
01:38:26.620 --> 01:38:30.060
 socioeconom

472
01:38:30.450 --> 01:38:43.000
 While economic progress is necessary, social transformation is a much for development, lest we further perpetuate the inequalities arising from purely economic progress.

473
01:38:43.160 --> 01:38:48.870
If merely adding numbers is equated with development, India can be a very developed country.

474
01:38:48.880 --> 01:38:53.610
We certainly have more more of many things, even if insufficient for all.

475
01:38:54.270 --> 01:38:57.039
But are we better than before?

476
01:38:57.970 --> 01:39:13.470
We seem occupied with progress rather than the development? If progress leads to development. It is a desirable goal, but if it obstructs and becomes a hurdle, then perhaps our choice must be to be better rather than to have more.

477
01:39:19.450 --> 01:39:47.059
But then this is certainly not the way in which the world is moving, while development encompasses progress. The reverse is not obvious, and, in fact, progress can be totally devoid of development. Development is responsibility, concern for others, discipline safeguarding our rights without encroaching on the rights of others, taking care of our conveniences without inconveniencing others. Development is change in our attitude and behavior.

478
01:39:47.600 --> 01:40:08.799
Democracy is like the likely, the best opportunity for ensuring responsible participation in development by maximum number of people. However, democracy cannot be a handout or something pushed from above. Democracy can benefit society if it is strong at the grass roots, namely, the village and the municipal wars.

479
01:40:09.700 --> 01:40:18.940
I will now share a few highlights about our experiment. To strengthen the grams of our or the village Parliament.

480
01:40:21.600 --> 01:40:45.029
I think the importance that we give to our parliaments or assemblies when you come down to the Grams at the Gram-sava, I think it's you know it receives no attention or no Particular importance, and I think The grams of our must be understood in the same way that as we send. You know, representatives to the Assemblies in the Parliament.

481
01:40:45.030 --> 01:40:53.340
We also elect and pass directly our award members and send them to the Gram-savar

482
01:40:53.530 --> 01:41:21.439
The the experiments started with consultation workshop that we organized for newly elected surfaces in a bundle of We are district. And the support after this this workshop was objective was to challenge the village heads to develop a vision and the need to bring a change in the working of the Punchi as a team participation and responsibility of people and re reviving the ground server.

483
01:41:21.459 --> 01:41:23.899
The circumstances of 2 villages

484
01:41:24.719 --> 01:41:52.160
proposed a similar workshop with the award members, who, they realized, had an equally important and active role to play in. The A major outcome of was the decision to undertake a household survey by the what members. This was a very interesting step, because, the understanding of the what members of the what families?

485
01:41:52.719 --> 01:41:53.469
Hmm.

486
01:41:58.600 --> 01:42:06.899
yeah. The survey, you know, was an important thing in the process, because which was done by the what members of each word.

487
01:42:07.000 --> 01:42:21.709
So the word number had to go from house to house and collect. You know, the household data and survey. Normally we are used to somebody from outside going and doing the survey a study, but in our process we felt it was. The people must be the ones who collect their own data.

488
01:42:21.879 --> 01:42:39.819
and we probably help them with the kind of an interview schedule that you know, based on the questions and information that they would like to collect. And the important thing is, after the data was collected, we gave the reports of the data back to the award members who held a meeting in the words

489
01:42:40.040 --> 01:42:49.229
and discussed the data with the members of the world. Now, very often we can bring data out of the village. Hardly. It ever goes back to the village.

490
01:42:49.500 --> 01:43:02.470
And I think, therefore, that's where the participation of the people should begin that in the survey of their, you know. you know a situation. And in the understanding of that data, because

491
01:43:02.930 --> 01:43:10.649
on the after the Consolidated data was, you know, put together, then we had.

492
01:43:10.950 --> 01:43:31.999
So the important of all these steps that we did was, for instance, there was an enhanced rapport between elected and the public post elections, because the member went, and no matter, all the people people understand the role of the elected and their own responsibility in supporting their representatives and playing an active role in the development of the village.

493
01:43:32.059 --> 01:43:38.950
Thirdly, what member is understood and recognized as a channel to represent their issues in the Gramp and child

494
01:43:39.110 --> 01:43:44.390
awareness about the what and concerns to be addressed from from the word meetings.

495
01:43:44.400 --> 01:44:06.039
The realization that the Panchaite functions better when it acts as a team. But today we have a situation where the Punchite sarp punch, or the cramok is everything, and in most cases I think it's more like a contractor or an agent of the Mla. Rather than you know the the percentage of all the people in the in the community.

496
01:44:10.680 --> 01:44:22.859
People consulted a village five-year plan. This, I think, is an important thing. That was an outcome in the process that people made a plan for their village, not what plants that came from outside

497
01:44:24.090 --> 01:44:30.400
consultation on planned preparation based on server data and award meetings. That was the basis.

498
01:44:30.460 --> 01:44:35.489
The draft plan is prepared by the Gramp and child to be approved by the Gram-sabar.

499
01:44:36.700 --> 01:44:51.740
Given the issues of the dormant Gramsava, the Puncharge strikes on an idea to establish a mini gram-server comprising of 5 to 7 members from each ward, because when the whole gram-subar comes it is a fish market.

500
01:44:51.760 --> 01:44:55.149
So they had to come up with a plan of a minigrams of

501
01:44:55.190 --> 01:45:08.670
The plan is discussed. no! Sorry. The the awards nominate members to the Mini gram server! And then the plans discussed and finalized with some modifications as proposed by the members.

502
01:45:10.240 --> 01:45:13.930
So here, I think, grass develops roots in village democracy.

503
01:45:14.340 --> 01:45:20.229
 People are consulted at every stage by the elected representatives.

504
01:45:20.880 --> 01:45:28.060
There is responsible participation from the public people involved as equal partners in the activities.

505
01:45:28.440 --> 01:45:33.019
a sense of ownership among the people leading to quality output

506
01:45:33.220 --> 01:45:53.809
and responsible reporting by the word members in the ward, and Gramp and Chi in the grams of A, is slowly but surely enhancing the credibility of the institution. The process has seen a gradual increase in participation demonstrating the challenge participating grassroots. Democracy is not easy, but is achievable.

507
01:46:00.780 --> 01:46:07.230
Now, in conclusion, I would like to say that need to stop making a mockery of democracy.

508
01:46:07.280 --> 01:46:13.560
This is what I think we see in many places. We should stop complaining and blaming.

509
01:46:13.770 --> 01:46:19.179
The game must stop. If people are people's participation is really important

510
01:46:19.300 --> 01:46:30.539
rather than make believe. And you know I shift in the paradigm from blaming to taking responsibility. If the establishment is failing, what is the civil society doing?

511
01:46:32.670 --> 01:46:41.490
Control of civil society? Organizations must shift from charity and participation modes to partnership and ownership of people in development.

512
01:46:42.030 --> 01:46:53.920
The gramp and child must take charge as the local government ushering in Gandhi's Dream of Graham, Swaraj grassroots democracy. This is likely the biggest challenge in the Indian democracy

513
01:46:54.160 --> 01:47:09.670
grassroots, democracy attainable. If progress and development go together, we have progressed a lot, but we have not learned to manage our progress, and that's where I think we are lacking or falling behind in our development.

514
01:47:09.810 --> 01:47:11.179
Thank you very much

515
01:47:13.720 --> 01:47:15.490
that it is excellent.

516
01:47:16.120 --> 01:47:19.140
A. I think

517
01:47:19.480 --> 01:47:30.869
it was an excellent presentation, just focusing on the grassroots interventions, whatever they did the last 15 years in a row. And the state

518
01:47:31.590 --> 01:47:34.830
he's like in India telling Ghana

519
01:47:34.840 --> 01:47:47.050
it is a good to know. Are there such types of because of such types of intervention? The statement like this, so due to the positive time, we do have only now 3 min to conclude

520
01:47:47.340 --> 01:47:53.230
so. We will discuss any discussion. Outside of the hall.

521
01:47:53.580 --> 01:48:00.590
Being a chair, is my responsibility just to brief, what ever has been presented so far?

522
01:48:01.120 --> 01:48:06.730
so the Soviets participation and the process of local community

523
01:48:06.810 --> 01:48:15.379
revitalizing multinational perspective and experiences. This was the sole theme of this session.

524
01:48:15.700 --> 01:48:21.020
And first of all, thank you very much for giving me this opportunity, Dr. Manoj, to just

525
01:48:21.070 --> 01:48:29.969
before you all, there were 4 presentations which were made, and out of 4 there were only 3 were presented.

526
01:48:30.190 --> 01:48:33.969
The first presentation was on children parties.

527
01:48:34.030 --> 01:48:43.330
or the Sorry. Out of 5. There were 4 paper which was presented, rather deliberated Or his noted

528
01:48:44.440 --> 01:48:46.969
no, no, I saw it.

529
01:48:47.400 --> 01:48:50.700
It's not missing.

530
01:48:51.500 --> 01:48:52.370
We need to.

531
01:48:52.760 --> 01:49:06.660
 so The first presentations was on children's participation in the prevention of violence against fulfillment of children right to to participation by

532
01:49:06.790 --> 01:49:21.040
Oroganda Solen from the University of Indonesia. She slowly described the implementation process of Rights of the Children and the process How to give space, Voice and influence

533
01:49:21.240 --> 01:49:42.589
the policy, and she advocated beautifully that children also be included in the violence, prevention, policies, and implementations, which was a great presentation itself, and the focusing on the younger one, the younger generation as well. The second presentation was an urban collectiveness action in the field of

534
01:49:42.810 --> 01:49:44.810
security.

535
01:49:44.900 --> 01:49:46.940
I'm empirical.

536
01:49:47.110 --> 01:49:52.890
Empirical corporations and research on Neighborhood

537
01:49:54.490 --> 01:49:57.159
Watch group in

538
01:49:57.680 --> 01:50:12.250
Modena by Dr. Niccolo. From University of Ginova. Italy! The presentation was nicely presented. The presenter nicely presented, the perception of urban security.

539
01:50:12.490 --> 01:50:18.420
From sociological and sociological perspectives. The author has emphasized

540
01:50:18.640 --> 01:50:28.799
to create mutual consensus carefully by using qualitative as well as the quantitative research tool

541
01:50:29.130 --> 01:50:39.059
in store of the third presentations was presented by Dr. Moros Quatiya from Kurid, India, and the topic of his deliberation was

542
01:50:39.100 --> 01:51:04.959
participatory revitalization of urban environmental infrastructure in North Western India Socio. Some evidences from recent studies. He beautifully has beautifully highlighted the interventions which has been taken by a wonderful one wonderful lady later on, who bought it to power, and become the mayor of one of the most beautiful cities of India.

543
01:51:04.960 --> 01:51:10.239
So he scholarly elicitated the urban environmental infrastructure

544
01:51:10.240 --> 01:51:22.369
as one of the most important and ignored respect, and he slowly illustrated the initiative taken by the Northern States, like Himachal, Haryana.

545
01:51:23.730 --> 01:51:47.250
Haryana, Jomo Kashmir, and Chandiger itself, and which he further elaborated that there is a dire need of more participation. For 4 process types of Such type of routine into a initiative for sustainable future. The last presentations by, and wonderful representation, I would say, why, Dr. Nagindra Swami.

546
01:51:47.280 --> 01:51:58.060
and from business in participation, which is Akron, is Vip India a village in partnership.

547
01:51:58.200 --> 01:52:19.640
He talked on participatory democracy for sustainable development, field experiments to understand and identify process training for and training. tracing from history of self. Sufficient villages. He deliberated that the post independent

548
01:52:19.640 --> 01:52:39.450
And more nice India, or who would rather be with with organizations, have impact the real uhhhhhhhhhhh nature, and in self-driving nature of Indian villages. And he further advocated the need of vibrant grassroots. Label democracy.

549
01:52:39.720 --> 01:52:51.460
democracy which is based on participation is a need of R, and for responsible democracy, or which enhance the self-respect. Mitchell Trust.

550
01:52:51.460 --> 01:53:13.630
love, and concerns for the villages by using local resources and contributions of people which is highly income devils and participation of partner in development was a sole idea of his presentation, and in the end I would like to thank everyone, virtually as well as physically, to be part of it.

551
01:53:13.630 --> 01:53:30.279
and self-respect is a very, very important in the process of development. This was the sole idea of Dr. Swami, and I would also like to thank the facilitator who just who facilitated us to just contact this session. Thank you so much.

552
01:53:30.380 --> 01:53:45.000
Remember, as well as all the participant, virtually as well as physically. The session is closed, and let us come for a photograph. All online online speakers are humbly requested to be.