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All right, I think we'll start because it's just turned 8 30. Good morning everyone.

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I say all the heart parties came into the room today, which is great. My name is Oscar Varrovois Pintainan from University of Tasmania.

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And it's an honour for me to share this session on tourism as a geopolitical strategy, state actions of power and ordinary practices and repertoire in international domestic tourism.

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This is a session that was put together by Chiago Pimenta Dominic Lapointe and Olek an Anna Fassi.

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And I will just leave you for a few minutes with Tiago to probably tell us as to how he came about with this session and then we'll have free presentations.

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We have 2 2 of the presenters online and then we have one in the room. You all will have about 15 min and if there's some time left after those 15 min can you have questions?

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If not, I'll just state to the very end and we'll have plenty of time to ask those questions.

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The reason why I want to keep it to the 15 min is so for people from other rooms could join us should they wish so.

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All right, Jago, that's up to you now.

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Okay, again, thank you very much for that for you that you'll be there and help us with this.

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A session coordination, right? And thank you everyone, all the presenters to be here and to attend this session.

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To be here and to attend this session and also to send your papers to be presented here. I am Jiago Di Mateo, to attend this session and also to send your papers to be presented here.

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I am Jiagu Di MATTO from from Federal University of for the last 2 years I have been working with these subjects.

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I have been working with these subjects tourism as a job politics tool. Together with colleagues from a Canada Dominique Lab One and also from Russia and other countries as an example of Mexico.

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And in this case, we had proposed this the session in order to discuss how tours can be used as a job political tool in order to reshape and reframe.

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And there's actions, taken by the state and also in different levels. As for example, in the for the other actors and other levels micro sociological level for example from the in the ground of the routines and Brexit.

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A performance by different actors, media, social media, and also ordinary actors in academic publicly and so on.

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And this is the idea to discuss how can tourists work with this general agenda reshaping and reframing.

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Power relations in tourism, right? So thank you again about that about to be here with this in the session and also I would like to invite you.

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To send your papers, your full papers to our journal. Brazilian Anals of Tourism Research and we to get there Dominic Lapois, Olega, a Fancile and myself.

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We are organizing. A book about the subject. So after this presentation I will

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Send your email if you want to be part of that it will be very welcome so thank you again Oscar and I will I'm going to shoot suits to another session and then I come back here and I will I'm going to shoot a suite to another session and then I come back here.

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And our presentation will be. Made by Marcella. With the help of right so thank you again and yeah in a while i come back Thank you.

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Next, thank you Tiger. Thank you. Excellent. So we'll have our first.

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Oh.

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So we'll have our first presenter, Marcela Befano de Oliveira from the University of And it's called tourism as a spatial solution the process of extensive and concentrated organization of tourism in sun and beach destinations on the periphery of Capitalism.

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Take it away. Marcella?

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Perfect. So, I'm as as previously stated, I'm gonna do this meditation because, Marcela has some limitations speaking in speaking in English.

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So I'm Paul Cerceta and I work with Tiger and Marcela. So I'm gonna help them in this presentation.

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And, so let's start. This 30 title is as the professor said the tourism as a spatial solution the process of extensive and concentrated tourism urbanization and sun and beach destinations on the periphery of capitalism.

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So in this studies, now they are dealing with the problem of impacts of tourism transform in space. And of course without this considering, aspects of The reproduction of capital.

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So in this sense, it is inevitable. That's today's tourism plays a worldwide place worldwide an important role in transforming space.

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Inarticulation, with a discourse. Of development promotion and urbanization processes.

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But This process is reaching contradictions. And, since, as soon as we or they became approximating with the literature on the team so we can they could situate at least 2 of them of true main contradictions and One, the in the first one.

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There's this positive comprehension. That this process, generates employment.

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Reduces poverty and so on But on the other side, there's also. That it promotes, it promotes a spatial segregation and also processes of accumulation by dispossession and so on.

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So another contradiction now now involves the comprehension on the theme of the processes of urbanization. So when they, they got close to the literature, the literature, the majority of these studies.

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When considering the theme of the process of urbanization. They focus on tourism urbanization processes that occur mainly on seafront.

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But on the other side. Few of them focus on the urbanization process. They're on the other side of the world.

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So, and there's an argument here that they constitute both an integral part of the same process of accumulation and spatial expansion.

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Of course, in the in the system of capital. So. This is 30, this 30, so it has an objective.

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That make a theoretical discussion. On the role of tourism process of a special special expansion of capitalism.

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Focusing on the urbanization processes. That occur in sun and beach destinations that are located on per And the argument here develop it is that the combination relationship between the true processes of organization generated for and by tourism.

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So this processes are process of extensive and concentrated, concentrated urbanization. Turns this activity into an efficient tool or an efficient instrument.

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For capital accumulation and capitalism expansion. So in this sense, the, when we, that they situate the theoretical framework.

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They make use of a very important concept by Dave the Harvey. That is the concept of spatial solution.

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So in order to exemplify or to apply to the movements of capital. Short spend. It's constant.

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Reputation and the accumulation processes. So here in the situation, when, when the surplus, when the surpluses can no longer be profitable absorbed.

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Invested productively in profitably. Capital needs to find a way so absorb them and the judge graphical expansion emerges.

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As a Mac, a mechanism to solve this problem. So. So there's, there's this tendency to low.

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The. Taxes of profit. So in order to

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This is celebrate this process. And in order to absorb greater amounts. Of capital. Of, profit, sorry.

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So there, capitalism found. At least 3 solutions when considering, of course. This Joeographical and this spatial expansion expansion.

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So in this sense, this profit can be able to sort by. Spatial displacement. So in this case, opening to new markets and considering tourism.

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So expanding the markets to the peripheral countries of capitalism. In this sense there's a strong role played by the state.

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So in incentives. Tax abstentions, free trade agreements. And provision of cheap labor and so on.

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So the second one is temporary. Temporary displacement. So long term capital investments in some in the physical form.

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Yeah, infrastructure, airports, airplanes. So it happens that at least in 2 ways. So in countries with little capacity to industrialize.

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So they show us excellent places for this kind of investment. So financial investments and so on. As they can absorb it through.

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The process of tourism urbanization. So. In the production of a transport. In infrastructure, hotels, resorts.

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And so on and also concentrated in the aspect of the concentrated urbanization so as the provision of public services.

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So as the provision of public services, schools, housing and so on. So, and a third example.

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Or a third way can be the combination of these 2 types of displacement when the physical infrastructure enables the

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Production and consumption to a core in time in space. So in the case of tourism that this is implementation and development.

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By a combination of spatial and temporal displacements. Which on the one hand that allows the opening of new markets.

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Or in consuming markets in different corners of the planet. And on the other hand, so It demands the construction of this various infrastructure for its development and of course, enact the nature or the means of production and the force and the workforce into it.

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So, in addition to this category of, category of, category of of spatial solution.

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The altars bring the I comprehension by Brenda that

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Takes this process of. Of urbanization, sorry. And expand them into true processes.

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One of them is extensive organization in the other one will be As soon said. Oh, discuss is the process of concentrated.

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Urbanization. So Why the altars? So as talking here with Marcela. Why did they decided to bring this?

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Cause When they discuss extensive urbanization, so they And especially. In sun and beach Places,

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A destination, sorry. They bring this. They want to show the process of urbanization that occur.

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In landscapes located that are located in peripheral and supposedly rural and white places. So. So they are searching strategically essential for this kind of capitalism.

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Catalyst or organization. So in this areas that occur. As natural resource extraction, agricultural production and so on.

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And this process They, can be applied to tourism or perfectly. No, not perfectly, but They plenty applied to tourism.

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So there's also as an aspect of this tourism organization. So, when enacted with this comprehension of extensive urbanization.

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So They enact this organization that is based on the consumption. For leisure entertainment and rest. That differ of those.

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That occur in the main urban centers as Barcelona and so on, London and so on. And that's the

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I'm sorry, you have about You have about 2 min to finish, sorry.

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Okay, so there's this tourism urbanization process. So as this instrument of the process of capitalism expansion And accumulation that differ from Uber centers.

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So as those No, profitable absorption of Large amounts of surplus trapped over there occurs through the construction of theme parks, destination, hotel chain, second homes.

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Tourism residential buildings. That of course come together with. Process or building an infrastructure that, promotes a greater spatial integration.

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So that reduce these barriers of the movement of capital. So through the communications, transportation infrastructure, airs, and so on.

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So there's also this process of, concentrated urbanization that involves Now this building of infrastructure and in this building there's Also a production of a surplus value.

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And. That of course on the other side. Of the world so True, as I said.

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Build this for the infrastructure necessary for Not only the concern, the consumption but the enactment in the process.

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Of the labor force and means of production and so on. So this involves so the profitable absurd absorption of capital surpluses in the production of housing developers, public services.

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True, schools, hospitals, hospitals and so on. That involves the enactment of the this population that local population that's enacted in it also the immigrants and labor migrants and so on.

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So in addition to that, the Alters brought this, the discussion of this unequal development that besides this positive comprehension so They argue that, considering the international division of labor this process.

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And instead of, minimizing the difference in inequality. Worldwide, it's so it pushes further.

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So it's widens the inequalities in. And there's Joe Graph. So through the production of space that a production of space for capital.

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So a space that is necessary. Unnecessary movements in the process. Of accumulation so capitalism gears and genders this cynical and unfinished process of appropriation of different spaces.

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So employing it's twice in them to the maximum until it finds an order more eventuals at eventual opportunities.

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So. So there are arguments that. Tourism, functions as a model.

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To reproduce this process. Also reproducing this differences in this. So there's a double process of urbanization.

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There is nothing more than an expression of this unequal development that occurs in the international division of labor.

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So on the one hand, so the tourism zone is produced for the consumption in Asia of tourists.

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And in the, the organization. Shelters the population of the migrants. So in the final considerations So.

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The implementation of tourism is seen as a seen or promoted as a development model in sunrise beach and sun and beach destinations.

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On the periphery of capitalism generates and reproduces an accelerated organization process that is expressed.

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Not using Brainer's concept. Also in an extensive and a concentrated tourism mobilization process.

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This process highlights the antagonisms. That are inherent to the process of accumulation or reproduction of capital.

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So also here considering the strategy of spatial solutions. So there's among all those strategies that capital can use.

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So this is one of them. So, and despite this evident contradictions between the 2. Kinds of urbanizations.

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They are part of the same process. So, They argument, so their position is that it does not.

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Work as a mechanism for development, but True for, but for unequal development and And does not the promotion of terrorism as a solution of economic growth?

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Social benefit and poverty reduction becomes evident as an an ideological tool to reproduce. The mystification. And the needs.

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Of tourism so wire favoring the interest of an elite. Of search in search of accumulation and these results lead them to the need of this this associate this conception of tourism as a need and quick alternative to economic development.

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And calls us to rethink the question and the need for public policies. That go beyond this kind of promotion and also in to incorporate other kinds of tourism and, other kinds of activities.

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Incorporate tourism planning and management. In interface with urban development. That's it. Thank you.

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Sorry.

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Thank you so much, Tiago and Marcela. We are running a bit over time. So I will ask you to stay for after the all presenters present and potentially have some questions sat right.

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If you could stop sharing a screen that would be great.

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Oh

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All right, we have our second representatives. All the way from Sweden. And I heard, are you sharing a screen?

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Excellent. So we have Jerusalem as colonial and Antioch, is the case of a trail of tears walking trail in Submi in times of reconciliation and green post-colonialism.

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Orsa and son Stuart Reed and Jan Senior. Working on this Take it away.

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Okay, I'm starting so And We, we are, sending from, in indigenous lands in northern Scandinavia called and Our backgrounds are also here is a double minority actually.

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Mountain saw me and Tornedalian minority and I have a finish. A forests army roots so that's our relationship to the indigeneity.

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Presentation is quite the interesting criticism on geopolitics and In the case of, Sorry as colonial anti-geopolitics the case of a trail of tears walking trail in Submie in times of reconciliation and green post colonialism.

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So the tourism alongside the that is artificial basically for Sammy Trail of Tears follows a solely indigenous tradition and protests against the growing industrialization of And, anti- geopolitics, in this approach is viewed as a through a form of slow tourism.

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Which relates to world views and aims at the using less motorized tourism and it also criticizes the place distraction.

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So at the same time, we have the cities like, new, we are in Kiro.

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Now, the mining city that is about to be moved. These new platforms are designed as contemporary work platforms.

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They see this, they are quite optimal for fly in fly out. A workforce and while there are quite the plenty of jobs.

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The phone the Master services in society, they are compromised as profits do not stay in region.

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We can take next slide and yes. So in this case, Some betrayal of Tears walking trail.

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It stands on, 4, the displacements of indigenous army population since we then And, these are quite the unknown in global perspectives despite the his story is.

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Known and these displacements of your during several decades during the last century. And the history of this cultural or violence has been well documented.

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So. It's little bit problematic to speak about reconciliation in in context of Sweden because the thrilling processes has just begun.

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And, we can only speak about that. It's part of the truth commissioning among these 2 indigenous communities of Summit and Orange.

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And they have been in their culturally all dependent and connected since at least the middle ages. Yes. This is this is the northern Scandinavia the map and how people were Please place the up to 600 kilometers and and and even more.

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So the soundtrack of Tears. Is an imagined trail that follows the parts of the dislocated.

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So we are not actually trying to establish a real hiking trade here because it's a Polarized the region and it makes it very difficult or challenging to meet the demands of all interests that must share the entire available space basically.

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And our approach, focuses on more on storytelling and, indigenous wisdom.

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And the 3% say the pilgrimage basically and kind of a guardian path because of the contrast between Really beautiful, pristine nature and, quite destroyed places.

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So Let's say. Allows the visitors and whoever like to see them. These places. They can see this contrast and build on opinions while learning from history and, experiencing the living conditions.

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So. We are basically asking here how come tourism. An artIVESM, communicate on the geopolitics.

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And how can Sammy Trail of Tears make a platform? Would discuss geo-economical and post-colonial strategies.

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Basically. And, I think, Rachel, you could take the the other part with the

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From here.

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Yes. So what we are kind of investigating in this project, is, and in relation to the session is how different kinds of tourism and here particular we talk as Yana's already said, articulate tourism and slow to is how it could be a counter force in the kind of year political and you economic

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hegemonic IDs that we find in SACK today and we could First we could do the chefs board if you would like to use that metaphor old geopolitical metaphor.

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If you would like to use that metaphor, old geopolitical metaphor. Is kind of, it's a really kind of hard rivalry about what kind of hard rivalry about what kind of businesses that should be allowed to take place.

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Of course we have the traditional re-engineering. By the time, how many people, requires.

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Space, but we also have it in the in the upper right. The traditional mining industry. In the test, also and of course a huge environmental consequences.

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And adding to that we have the new kind of you economic visions and imaginations about maybe being a kind of a powerhouse for a green industry.

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Not only in a Swedish context, but in a European, I would come to that in a minute.

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But also we'll require huge amounts of of resources and land, if you like. And the final, the 4 final.

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Kind of activity that requires space here is tourists, different kinds of tourism. Here kind of symbolized by the helicopter tourism.

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And. As I just mentioned, Sub may have become an increasingly a kind of year political or year economic Fixed point not only in Sweden but also in relation to a European Union.

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Hey, context.

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This is, partly due to the kind of the increased, ambition to, greening the industry.

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To have kind of, and in that way, huge resources, natural resources is of course used for that and required and the green industry as we all know not that green it just have different other kind of consequences for the environment.

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But then also with recent development in Yeah, with the war in Ukraine. And the increased driver rate.

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Between the US. And China and the ambition in the European Union. To be self-sufficient when it comes to specific minerals.

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And when it comes to energy naturally and. Energy and energy making. Sweden has kind of marketed are possible, region that could, in a way.

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Deliver. Oh, huge amount of resources and metals or and so on in a European context and making the EU more independent.

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In a in this with you economic rivalry but we are seeing growing forward.

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And.

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In relation to tourism as you political counter force and your political force in this context. We kind of ask ourselves here and kind of muse on the IDs that in what way a sustainable tourism can be a symbolic early and also practically as performed in practice.

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Account to force in this. And what is key here, we believe, is that it is necessary to kind of focus upon a, a relationship to place or place and to nature that this kind of was kind of dominating in the in the traditional society but as being kind of solved off now.

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In due to kind of the extract logic that we find in the modernness. So The question is kind of is this an artist could be this kind of.

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Account of force but also a slow tourist like the suggested. A summit train of tears. And this is this is not only about to finish off.

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This is not only about kind of a your political and you economic importance in European Union's nations. This is also I mean a fixed point for global capitalism and speculative capital.

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So for instance, we have Tallga here. This is a advertisement from Q&A. But they kind of show in, they say, they say in Swedish, but we kind of we clear the path for the green transformation.

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And this is, kind of, Yeah, battery and innovative material corporation actually with this headquarters in Perth.

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So we have a lot of kind of speculative. Capital that is invested in in often with the kind of environmental concern in the back seat.

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And what they are kind of want to do here is to, deliver graph it that will suffice for 200,000.

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Electric cars batteries. And since we have the population, is about 300,000. So it is.

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Clearly, a capacity or production that is global in reach European at least. So this kind of this puts a enormous focus upon.

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Submass. As a EU economic. New frontier. In a European mineral.

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Context. And that is just kind of a you graphical imagination that needs to be. It has to be questioned one way or another and a slow tourist and activist tourist could be such a way to do that.

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And.

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With that. We've thank you for. Listening.

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Yeah.

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Thank you, Richard. Do you have any questions? And thank you for your dedication. I know it's one am in Sweden at the moment.

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There's a question in the audience. Jack, would you like to come to the microphone? Maybe even from so they can see.

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Hey, I'm Thank you for your presentation. My question is, I mean, I think it's fantastic this idea, this work that you're doing and to bring out these stories that Even those of us who live in Norland are not entirely familiar with so really commend you on that that work.

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My question is You describe the trail of the tree of tears and how this could act as slow tourism and yet at the same time it sounds like there's no intention to develop this project into a kind of tourism project and you described it as an imaginary trail that So I'm wondering like At the moment it's no

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tourism. How does it become? I'm just wondering how you see that tension between no tourism and slow tourism, the imaginary trail and actually And imaginary yet still fulfilling the aims that you said the project intends to have.

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Yeah, would you like to take that?

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Yeah, of course, by only discussing it, it will awake and the interest. So if saying that something is not gonna happen.

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So we had kind of a ahead of time here. And in the among the indigenous communities There exist quite a huge.

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Interest, about this kind of things. Not everybody are happy about it. The many, many small-scale entrepreneurs, they are really looking forward to have this and we have actually one, laboratorium in the northeastern part of, Kiruna municipality along existing trail that we

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can. Easily connect this idea and start to make it into a reality. So even though we say it's not, it's it's mostly imagined because it's more than 600 kilometers long.

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But this, our laboratorium is 50 kilometers. So We need to start somewhere. It can be long term project this one.

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So one more question.

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Yeah, of Sami heritage. And will got to work with it. So We are giving the ideas and it will happen.

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But we will not build it. The our group. Others, wait. Thank you.

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Hi, thank you for your interesting presentation. I attended also the President one. So maybe it's the more or less the same question.

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I think that you can easily prepare an European cultural route. Together maybe with Norway and Phil and This kind of activity project is perfect for an European cultural route and and I think it's also a good tourist model because it's something that you can prepare together with local communities.

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Something prepared directly by local communities in a slow tourism involving activism. And it knows an necessary to have a real itinerary are real trail but with the culture and fruit you can have some spots where organised Events, cultural events, activities with, I don't know, history is connected with local histories and so

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on. I think that could be something not so difficult and also. A good way, a good model of I don't know, local development.

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Of course, tourism is often connected with a colonial approach. A post-colonial approach and a colonial approach but something that is constitutive in in in tourism.

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Thank you. Thank you for that comment.

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Yeah, thank you.

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Or in general. May I have that question? Eddie, a question.

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Show air quickly.

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Yeah, thank you. Sometimes, they studs, geopolitical, some tourist lays in a very general or abstract level, right?

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So I was wondering if you have considered the idea of how social or abstract level, right? So I was wondering if you have a very general or abstract level, right?

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So I was wondering if you have considered the idea of how social organizations can help or can intervene in this process in order to puts or to create some alternatives to putting breads.

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Agendas are approached in order to refrain or reshape these unequal or colonialize it.

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Okay.

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Yeah. Very good. Very good. Yeah, it's a good question.

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Ektrok or Did you consider that?

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Yeah, it's a good question. It's a good question about this working together and the interest organizations.

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You've been looking into this. Institutions and, organizations that could help and others might be a little bit.

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It's a, it's dependent of interest. We have this natural interest, so mining and reindeer herding and the tourism is.

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Generating. Fax income for the state, the equal amounts with the mining. So it's no it's and the land is not destroyed.

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So it's a sustainable. Things who way. We have.

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Institution that like to help while like mining lobby and so on. They don't want any tourism at all.

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Basically a little bit tourism, not not prohibited. Also, we named the, this, a, a watch.

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You know, like a watchdog. Go on, yeah, like a garden path. So, and we need that because there's so many.

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Basically atrocities. I mean it's it's a terrible things that happens with forestry mining industry and now the windmilling industry.

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And that's just terrible. And it's labeled by the PR of the greening everything, though it's very dark.

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So yeah, we will try to we'll try to stitch together but we're halfway through in our project time.

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Hmm.

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So we are year one of 2. We will we will go there, but this is very inspiring that you are you are asking these questions and be that engage.

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Gives us more wind in the sale. Thank you.

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Sure.

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Thank you so much. We'll move to next presentation, but there's more questions in the audience and we'll come back after our last presentation back to the to you and to the first presenters as well.

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So I invite Shin. To talk on tourism and alleviation of poverty, a study of rural community development in in Pujan, China and that's an in-person presentation. Excellent.

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I've tried to find your slides. 1 si do.

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Good morning everyone. And thank you for your patience and support. We are so lucky to be the last presenter sharing our research.

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And the research we are going to share today is about tourism and the aviation of poverty and the case study in rural China.

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Before starting my presentation, I would like to share you guys a good news. This is our authored book based on this project just published 7 days ago during the conference.

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And if you are interested, you can check it out. Thank you. This is at Jane DOE of today's presentation.

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Poverty is a political, social and normal issue in the world. And poverty was the first sustainable development goal set by UN United Nations.

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As the largest developing country in the world, China has already eliminated absolute poverty successfully in 2,020.

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So for a long time. We tourism development is perceived as an effective tour for poverty reduction. There are some famous initiatives such as perpetualism proposed by UK.

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China also used tourism for poverty reduction since the 1,990. So our research was trying to answer some basic questions so in-depth.

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Case study. What a approaches are adopted to poverty education in rural community development in China. And we wrote this tourism plane and what directions were the village take in the lines of river repetitization.

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So in order to answer these 3 basic questions, we selected a small village in southern China. And this village is just near to World Natural Heritage and Warsaw Park.

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And it has already got rid of poverty through tourism successfully 7 years ago. A majority of lamb, majority of the residents in this village have jobs related to tourism activities.

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We've done few work there for over 90 days, living with local residents, conducting direct participant observation and in-depth interviews there.

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And we also got an opportunity to visit the household door by door to investigate the villagers family situation especially the source of income and participation in tourism activity.

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We summarize the tourism development poverty identification in this village into 6 stages. The 2 stages are in in 1,900 eighty's this village with an isolated lent without drinking water.

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Electricity, transportation and public public service. And after light, the sun visitors found that the landscape or the beauty of the lake when they are fishing.

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So although they have no idea what tourism was, they started to started a business of playing. They use traditional agricultural meanings of production like fishing boats for tourist reception.

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And this move gradually increased the productivity and helped them to complete the accumulation of original capital. In the fourth stage.

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Many villagers start engaging in tourism activity. The competition become fierce. And the villagers began to fight for guests and form factions.

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They started to set up a private cruise company. So in this stage, the modern management ideas had appeared in this village.

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In fifth stage. Local government had clear, strong strategic planning capabilities, entrepreneurship. And still for some basic problems like accessibility, seasonality, branding, etc.

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So it greatly improved the villagers living conditions, created opportunities for them to participate more in tourism industry.

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In this stage, there are there are 3 associations. And this suits associations is can be can be seen as an exploration of democracy and autonomy.

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For example, the Fisher Ray Association actually is a collective economy and over 98% of villagers were stakeholders in this association.

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So all of visitors participate in decision making. So It can be seen as the most pure and ethical democracy in this village.

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The establishment of this 3 association reconstructed the internal order within village. And this is quite different from traditional Chinese rural society.

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You know that the traditional Chinese rural society is a quantum society.

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But in recent decades the tourism industry of this village just gradually fell into depressions. Conflict between villages and villages, enterprises and villages.

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And enterprise and the government increased.

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Through reviewing the development process of tourism. Development and community development in English small village. We found that tourism development has a positive impacts on community developments and villages well-being in terms of material, lifestyle, capability and topophilia.

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However, in the long run, you also lead to imbalance of development in this rural community because of a special or location or difference or social difference.

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For a spatial difference, The villagers near tourist centers are more active involved in tourism activity.

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But the villagers far away from the tourist center are involved in a more passive way.

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Fuller Social difference on the study classified the Shaji household into 6 categories according to their participation in the tourism industry and accompanying benefits.

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Active villagers, cooperative villagers, passive villages, escape villagers, and new villages.

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And we also constructed a tiny rural community system with different elements. And each of these elements performs unique and collaborative functions within this system.

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Different from the traditional top down or bottom up approach. Shady development is a do track cover relative development approach which is more comprehensive.

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It is driven by the self-motivation and development of the community system yourself. And the guidance of the and the guidance and invention from the government system as well.

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To conclude, Tourism can bring positive changes to villages life and subject. Subjective well-being.

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But different generations of villagers have different prospections regarding this change. Participation in and benefits from tourism developments are inversely related to the spatial or social distance between the villagers location and the visitor center or social hub.

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And and this center or social hub are open to Dominated by elite groups.

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For the future, Rupert realization, the government has to play a more proactive role.

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The government has to play a more proactive role in maintaining the government has to play a more proactive role in maintaining the balance within the rural community system.

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And the elite groups has become the one who are promoting the tourism development and community development in the village but also become the obstacle.

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Are to regenerative rural community development. And the community has benefited from the tourism in varying levels, resulting in at advantage and disadvantage individual groups.

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And consequently cause social stratifications. Tourism can help to slow down but that's not thing to have the capacity to prevent a Ruda village from getting hollowed or aged.

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So for future for future rural revitalization. Maybe we need to think about how could tourism work more effectively with other livelihood approaches in the rural village.

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And what are the alternative to 2 represent development in this rural village? And it should rule out revitalization into tourism, be driven more internally or more externally with assistance from our site.

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And this is our our presentation. Thank you.

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Thank you, Shriru. Any questions? And thank you for keeping to the time as well.

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Any questions in the audience? Let's go to fencing first.

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Thank you very much for the presentation. What a fascinating case that you have and it's also nice to hear a positive case.

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Can you give us some examples of what that of tourism development really mean? I'm also thinking the context of the development in China where real estate development is Very much driven the growth in China as well and the villages I visited in China.

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I mean Although they are small villages, there's plenty of urban modern development where wealth and capital has been.

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Accumulate that. So I just wonder how you address situate that in the thought of development.

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When we are discussing the impacts of tourism.

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On this video in this village. We summarize that there are 4 aspects of the impacts. When it's material, one miss lifestyle, the other one is capability and top of failure.

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The The

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Could you help me? I It's as if so. Thank you for the great question.

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I think it will be very interesting to know that development in China is very, very strongly government initiated.

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Government at a central level at top level and provincial level in the middle maybe. I mean municipal level.

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A lower level and even county you know township level. So government has a strong role in initiating development.

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I think that's a very, very, strong character or feature of any type of development.

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Economic or you know tourism. Included. So in our context, I think in the meantime also, and There's a there's a very lotable.

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Level of imbalance in development So for example, we understand that a West Empire is less developed than the Eastern part and then the Ropai is not as well developed as the urban area.

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So that's a broad contest. And within this broad context, there are various kinds of collaborative assistantship program developed.

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For example, the eastern part of the work unit or company or whatever. They're helping with the West Empire by during collaboration.

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I think this case study that was actually. It is based on single thesis research but very I mean quite a few years before she impact on the thesis research.

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Her previous university and the village has been forming a kind of collaborative assistantship program. So, so for university.

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And and she's one member has to leave Sue Lansley to do you know to do some kind of like service teaching or you know collaborative effort.

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In in helping or maybe in in coming up with solutions for for tourism development in our village and that is extended onto her where year was that I mean later on her season research so somehow he has been a long known process of engagement I think you might be right, the development contest in China could be quite different as well.

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Iii know I didn't address your question directly. But, Yes, any further comments or questions that are welcome?

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Hi. This, this, image is a United If we look at history, you will look at how the We look at the the 6 stages that we have all night we really see very remarkable change of least Not too long, you know, 40, 50 years history.

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Which is remarkable. Hi. So I recognize that maybe your Your focus was on the economic.

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Aspect of this. Change and maybe the questions you developed in your interviews don't really get at this.

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But I'm more fascinated. By or just curious. About what is it like. Terms of it's kind of related maybe sensibilities or knowledge but not in an instrumental way.

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More in a phenomenological way. What is it like to be suddenly become aware that you live in an area that is a desirable place to visit by dwarfs.

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And I, my sense from your description of the history is that most people in this place didn't have a lot of opportunity.

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They didn't think maybe even migrating out of the community and the number of industries were rather limited in the local economy.

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And then suddenly I guess the It's some point there was this critical mass of people from outside that started to come by and say, oh, this place is really beautiful and nice.

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And then so then eventually kind of they developed the sounds like wait a minute we live in a beautiful place We can earn money.

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By being hospitable for people who want to visit it. But how did that awareness come about?

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What it was, what was that like from the perspective of the villagers. Because it's kind of like the industry found them just because of where they lived.

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It grew into this role of this occupation in this industry. And then everyone suddenly realized. Unless it didn't like a contagious thing, suddenly everyone realized, oh wow, like.

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Like this is a great way to make way more money than we can with our exports. Whatever they export in the village.

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So I'm wondering if you, to the best of your interview data, if you could. Describe to us what what that was like for them.

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She wanted a dress that I think I think the wellness the, well is there, villagers, benefit from tourism development at various levels.

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Some are more apparent. I mean some you know depending on the location of the house for example which which is very close to the center or maybe the cruise terminal and then there are lots of incoming visitors and then this is very apparent and those ones who are farther away as we online may be maybe 4 or 5 category of villages those ones

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who are a little bit further away that develop different ways of doing tourism business. And like not exactly the same at same level of economic benefit but I think the awareness has been very apparent especially when domestic tourism is booming in China.

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And that happened in. Particularly late 1990. Starting from me in the 19 nineties onwards when domestic choice was booming many Chinese people traveling from one country to the other from one province to the other and even though it's a low level economic development.

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Tourism economics lower level but it's a kind of benefit. To members in a community where tourists come to visit.

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I don't like them. I know that at that time in the overall economic now we still very low and and they are different kinds of economic development in terms of this village.

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The government now was in the eightys. Late seventys, 8 30 eight's they were fielding band reservoir the building reservoir and then and then creating in addition to farming it creates a it creates another opportunity of fishing fishery.

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And that becomes and that later on evolved into the type of fish in combination with cruise you know the whole sceneries I mean it's just beautiful it's great way you can and then beautiful waterways so so the building of the reservoir plus the originally beautiful waterway then change part of livelihood from purely

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agriculture. To fishery anime later also to cruise. Not a lot cruise business. They very very very popular beforeishing persons.

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People get benefits depending on how they get involved in a process some of the farmers or managers who have more money they can they can invest more in terms of share.

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In the cruise company and then and then they get some kinds of benefits from there.

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Okay, let me first congratulate you both with your new publication and book and we always appreciate Hong Kong's mentorship and also support for the young scholars and then how lovely that you are on stage now and then and also in an excellent output.

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I'm really following up so Jacob's let's say comment. I'm really following up so Jacob's let's say comment.

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Now positive impacts of tourism are let's say commenting up so Jacob's let's say comment and now positive impacts of tourism on local communities is also very high on the agenda in Europe and particularly that in relation to sustainability and and local communities is also very high on the agenda in Europe and particularly that in relation to sustainability and then resilience how to increase in

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the One of the aspects that we often discuss and focus on is social inclusivity. So, and somehow I actually missed that aspect in your list.

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And could you please elaborate a little bit on that how important or wash you know how you actually addressed have this issue in this case that's in danger.

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To him.

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Thank you very much. This is a very important point. I think any development is to is a way you know Western complex or Eastern countries.

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Any development initiative will create module groups. And I think what's more important maybe the wellness of such an improving facility.

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In this case, for example, we see some villagers benefit on these from tourism and they have complaints.

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And are we are we going to say these are the these are the you know people that have been smoothie and we need Incredible name walkway so these are all good questions I think inclusivity OS creativity is always an issue.

332
01:08:48.000 --> 01:09:00.000
You know. However, however important we wish to a badge equality, we won't have to need to.

333
01:09:00.000 --> 01:09:12.000
These different stakeholders. Somehow I mean. I don't I'm not quite familiar with other development situation but for these one Clearly they are religious school and they get fewer.

334
01:09:12.000 --> 01:09:22.000
Compared to those ones could be more they are very supportive they are you know those what those ones benefit fewer I'm not as supportive.

335
01:09:22.000 --> 01:09:31.000
Very good, very good point. And I'm sure they are different experiences or different lessons from different developing initiatives.

336
01:09:31.000 --> 01:09:45.000
Or met for matter such as in. Specifically my understanding is any development industry will create such things. It is more important to have such a wellness and maybe the development.

337
01:09:45.000 --> 01:09:54.000
I mean people who engage in Queen Gay quite engaged in the decision making or maybe engaging in development process.

338
01:09:54.000 --> 01:10:05.000
To have such a wellness and then to In the show or maybe mobilize resources which are polyized not too ready to

339
01:10:05.000 --> 01:10:11.000
Yeah, I think.

340
01:10:11.000 --> 01:10:17.000
Thank you so much.

341
01:10:17.000 --> 01:10:30.000
We'll just go back to all the speakers because not everyone had an opportunity to and being being asked questions.

342
01:10:30.000 --> 01:10:34.000
Chago, did you have any questions to any of the speakers?

343
01:10:34.000 --> 01:10:43.000
Yes, actually I would like to add a question for the last presenters.

344
01:10:43.000 --> 01:10:44.000
Okay.

345
01:10:44.000 --> 01:10:52.000
Since you said the the.

346
01:10:52.000 --> 01:10:54.000
Hello. Yes. Thank you.

347
01:10:54.000 --> 01:10:58.000
Yeah.

348
01:10:58.000 --> 01:11:00.000
It's frozen. Nope. No, it's come back. Okay.

349
01:11:00.000 --> 01:11:09.000
Since you said that, government in China, takes a very important role in the process.

350
01:11:09.000 --> 01:11:22.000
So do you think it would be necessary? From environment supporting the development in different rural regions in china

351
01:11:22.000 --> 01:11:25.000
Okay, so yeah, I didn't quite get your question. Excuse me.

352
01:11:25.000 --> 01:11:33.000
The government. Has the important world in the process, right?

353
01:11:33.000 --> 01:11:34.000
The

354
01:11:34.000 --> 01:11:38.000
Environment you may. Yes. Our government. Oh, excuse me.

355
01:11:38.000 --> 01:11:40.000
Yeah.

356
01:11:40.000 --> 01:11:41.000
Very, very important role, yes.

357
01:11:41.000 --> 01:11:55.000
Government right Yeah, so do you think would be necessary? So have the support from somehow. To the separate of an

358
01:11:55.000 --> 01:12:11.000
I think, I think no the government are fully aware of development issues and and they are I don't know what you mean by elite group in the government.

359
01:12:11.000 --> 01:12:33.000
They are different departments of course. They are department. In the in our tourism sector we have a late previously we have Tourism administration but later on it was combined into Ministry of Culture and Tourism and that shows a kind of strategic combination of 2 previous ministers.

360
01:12:33.000 --> 01:12:43.000
Into Ministry of Culture and Tourism and of course there are other other ministerial level as well as provincial level vertically down.

361
01:12:43.000 --> 01:12:52.000
Government departments and each of these government departments or many of these government departments have to do with tourism matters or tourism development.

362
01:12:52.000 --> 01:13:07.000
And, and I think for Most development issues that I am familiar, we go to those ones that have direct have to read, you know, chemistry power.

363
01:13:07.000 --> 01:13:20.000
In issuing policy or in making such decisions. I don't fear there's a elite group in the government.

364
01:13:20.000 --> 01:13:36.000
That you know that promote one kind of initiative. Okay, let's see how. I think a priority or prioritizing development initiative is of course one thing.

365
01:13:36.000 --> 01:13:47.000
Yeah, I'm hoping to get there to the point you raise but the government functions slightly differently maybe.

366
01:13:47.000 --> 01:13:49.000
Yeah, okay. Anyway. How about I get you, get to report yes.

367
01:13:49.000 --> 01:13:59.000
Hello, it's okay. I was just wondering about that because sometimes we have this this bureaucracy.

368
01:13:59.000 --> 01:14:13.000
The street level bureaucracy. I mean the people from government. For applies the decisions right but we have also the Hi, level of board in the environment.

369
01:14:13.000 --> 01:14:19.000
And decides where to put the money where to, apply some, public policy for example and so on.

370
01:14:19.000 --> 01:14:42.000
So, this, elite or high level of the board. In the environment. Choose, where to put, an action in Brexit, right, in order to develop a rural area instead another one.

371
01:14:42.000 --> 01:14:43.000
Okay, thank you. Thank you. Yeah

372
01:14:43.000 --> 01:14:47.000
So just that I was just wondering about that. This kind of decision. Oh, thank you.

373
01:14:47.000 --> 01:14:57.000
Do we have questions for any other presentations? We had a lot of for the last one, but I know that the first presentation in any questions at all.

374
01:14:57.000 --> 01:15:05.000
Yep, that too.

375
01:15:05.000 --> 01:15:16.000
Hey record, this is Daniel from Ulster Soon. I don't know if you can, can you hear me?

376
01:15:16.000 --> 01:15:17.000
Stay go up.

377
01:15:17.000 --> 01:15:21.000
Hmm.

378
01:15:21.000 --> 01:15:24.000
Or was it the first presentation?

379
01:15:24.000 --> 01:15:30.000
Hey, hey record, it's Daniel from Oster Cind, how are you?

380
01:15:30.000 --> 01:15:31.000
I'm good.

381
01:15:31.000 --> 01:15:41.000
Yeah, I was just a quick question for you and your presenters about the trail of the proposed trail of tears.

382
01:15:41.000 --> 01:15:57.000
The greenwashing and the stuff about ego side and all of it. And then I started to wonder if you had all thought about this notion of maybe slow washing, at least in the Swedish context, if one takes a slow tourism.

383
01:15:57.000 --> 01:16:07.000
Perspective it's hard to I mean doesn't this sort of land somebody in the inland's Bana as a sort of way to get up to stop me.

384
01:16:07.000 --> 01:16:14.000
And then of course all of the tensions around. Or the historic tensions around inland's Banham.

385
01:16:14.000 --> 01:16:24.000
The killing of reindeer and all of that and I was just sort of curious then is there have you thought about this also the kind of the washing phenomena from a slow standpoint?

386
01:16:24.000 --> 01:16:32.000
Particularly that in the context of viewing that this kind of proposed trail as a monitoring or a guardian mechanism.

387
01:16:32.000 --> 01:16:45.000
Just a thought.

388
01:16:45.000 --> 01:16:49.000
I'm a bit.

389
01:16:49.000 --> 01:16:56.000
Could you specify what the slow washing?

390
01:16:56.000 --> 01:17:00.000
Because I'm not sure. I follow you.

391
01:17:00.000 --> 01:17:14.000
Yeah, just this idea that the turn towards slow as a mechanism with which to pushed back against some of the forces that you identified.

392
01:17:14.000 --> 01:17:32.000
The beginning of the talk. I mean. How does one ensure that one doesn't end up in that same space of sort of being called slow but then ending up with the same set of

393
01:17:32.000 --> 01:17:40.000
Sort of cultural violence that that One might find by calling something green.

394
01:17:40.000 --> 01:18:03.000
Hmm, okay. Well These are the questions that we are kind of struggling with in the project. I mean, there is a lot of kind of ethnic and moral pits here but you have to try to avoid how we do about by kind of.

395
01:18:03.000 --> 01:18:16.000
Kind of looking at actually Australia and what has been done there because in Australia these kind of, tourist project development has been going on for much longer time than in Sweden.

396
01:18:16.000 --> 01:18:28.000
I think what you could say about, I mean. Slow tourism is not necessarily sustainable.

397
01:18:28.000 --> 01:18:39.000
And some pilgrim trades in central Europe is a kind of a indication of that.

398
01:18:39.000 --> 01:18:42.000
So.

399
01:18:42.000 --> 01:18:59.000
This can This trade could never be as I see it. It could never be. A large scale it has to be a small scale it doesn't work at the same time.

400
01:18:59.000 --> 01:19:08.000
It is, that is my to guess now from what we can understand the pitfalls that we have to avoid.

401
01:19:08.000 --> 01:19:22.000
But then in the end, I think. The concrete development of it. Should be handled by the saw many small enterprises on tourist developers.

402
01:19:22.000 --> 01:19:35.000
And in a way what they choose to do. Is in a way what they choose to do. So I don't perhaps, yeah, know would, and also would like to fill in here because this is kind of.

403
01:19:35.000 --> 01:19:49.000
It's a bit outside my your addiction when it comes to What could actually happen? I mean, we imagine it and News on the the moral issues.

404
01:19:49.000 --> 01:20:00.000
Here but so perhaps you would add something to that. Because I think. You could.

405
01:20:00.000 --> 01:20:03.000
You could give a good answer to that as well.

406
01:20:03.000 --> 01:20:07.000
Yeah, I was more thinking about the also can answer this because we have really been struggling and discussing this.

407
01:20:07.000 --> 01:20:22.000
These are really good questions and highly relevant. And, we could keep an answer to that. Could be short or really long.

408
01:20:22.000 --> 01:20:33.000
But I think you could. We decided to fly a little bit under the radar. Initially because of the sensitive it was like walking on a minefield.

409
01:20:33.000 --> 01:20:48.000
Absolutely, you know, with all these interests. Fighting over a this patch of of land. So, and all of, all of them have, good ideas, what they want to do with the land.

410
01:20:48.000 --> 01:20:58.000
Most of them want to destroy it forever, basically. And, we are of course on the, on the Sami side of the whole thing.

411
01:20:58.000 --> 01:21:07.000
Because it the idea comes from my my mother's childhood memories of the forest displacement so it's epigenetic.

412
01:21:07.000 --> 01:21:12.000
So we decided to be a little bit quiet. We haven't presented it that much in Sweden I have say it's more known in Australia by now.

413
01:21:12.000 --> 01:21:21.000
But, the ones we talk to, they are really interested and other municipalities found the trail.

414
01:21:21.000 --> 01:21:49.000
We are thinking of taking the trial to a student actually all the way to. So and we also have a communication with the Sami parliament of course so I think we slowly but surely speaking of slow we will get, we will get there and we will get more people on board of the right kind.

415
01:21:49.000 --> 01:22:01.000
And we want absolutely to animate playing with artists. And for having the storytelling we have really good Indigenous artists up here.

416
01:22:01.000 --> 01:22:04.000
I hope I. Could make some

417
01:22:04.000 --> 01:22:07.000
Yeah, maybe we can stand touch after and if I have some other questions we can bounce them. Sounds good.

418
01:22:07.000 --> 01:22:13.000
Absolutely, absolutely. This is right.

419
01:22:13.000 --> 01:22:14.000
Yeah.

420
01:22:14.000 --> 01:22:16.000
I'll yeah, I'll send a note after the conference. Good, thank you. Yeah.

421
01:22:16.000 --> 01:22:22.000
Thank you too. Thank you so much.

422
01:22:22.000 --> 01:22:31.000
Hi, I'm Ken Singh. I have questions for for the first 2 presenters. Marcelo?

423
01:22:31.000 --> 01:22:39.000
Well, congratulations. For the presentation I'm really glad that you brought up David Harvey and Marxism.

424
01:22:39.000 --> 01:23:01.000
I thought that this conference has gone wayward by not acknowledging some very important thinkers. One of the issues that I, possibly is a comment because you seem to suggest that the accumulation of capital is a problem.

425
01:23:01.000 --> 01:23:12.000
I think the way the capital is being accumulated now is a problem, but I think the wider issue is the distribution of capital and the distribution of benefits of capital.

426
01:23:12.000 --> 01:23:29.000
I think that that is what we have to address with itself intensified. Urbanization. Which has brought a lot of wealth, but that wealth is not distributed in a way that is a fair and just.

427
01:23:29.000 --> 01:23:37.000
And I think we have to go back like it and not you have not raised the issue of class struggle.

428
01:23:37.000 --> 01:23:40.000
But I think if you really want to talk about David Harvey and talk about capital accumulation.

429
01:23:40.000 --> 01:24:01.000
We, we definitely have to discuss this essential aspect of grass. A struggle. And I think that also explained a lot why certain parts of the city benefited who is benefiting who is not Yeah.

430
01:24:01.000 --> 01:24:12.000
Yep. The, and, and secondly, for the second presenters, I mean, Ricard and I know each other for a very long time and so he knows I'm a super fan.

431
01:24:12.000 --> 01:24:29.000
As though Jana and the whole team. II was I'm a bit concerned when tourism is brought up as an alternative to development in terms of especially to mining and forestry.

432
01:24:29.000 --> 01:24:47.000
And farming because that usually tourism is less lucrative. It makes a lot of money. To some smaller parties or people, all right, but yeah, but the benefits of tourism are do not really go to the community that much.

433
01:24:47.000 --> 01:24:56.000
At least we have seen in many parts of the world. So I thought your argument is strongest when you say that it is the right thing to do.

434
01:24:56.000 --> 01:25:01.000
It is not because it can compete with other industries, but this is the right thing to do. We need the truth to be out there.

435
01:25:01.000 --> 01:25:12.000
There are things that are sacred. So leave that alone and we should actually promote that. Thank you.

436
01:25:12.000 --> 01:25:23.000
Did Marcel, Marcella want to respond to the comment that Gansing made?

437
01:25:23.000 --> 01:25:26.000
Would like to answer it.

438
01:25:26.000 --> 01:25:27.000
Yeah.

439
01:25:27.000 --> 01:25:30.000
Okay. Sorry.

440
01:25:30.000 --> 01:25:33.000
So actually. You touch it in a very central point, crucial point, from our research.

441
01:25:33.000 --> 01:25:58.000
And also I think it's a general applied to tourism and also to the other economic activities right So in the case of tourism, tourism usually generates a massive tourist usually generates

442
01:25:58.000 --> 01:26:13.000
All right, On the other hand, the low level of tourism. I mean, alternative forms of tourism or even as low Tories and so on.

443
01:26:13.000 --> 01:26:36.000
It, usually. These different, slow forms of tourism. Don't have the same capacity to generate a good level of income So it is good to diminish, to reduce the level of damage caused, potentially caused by tourists.

444
01:26:36.000 --> 01:26:51.000
But on the other, hand. This is low forms of tourism cannot Usually cannot generate a good level or a high level of income to the people involved with tourism, right?

445
01:26:51.000 --> 01:27:02.000
So this is the main question here. And when we we said that this process of accumulation happens in tourism in that case for example in the Mexican case.

446
01:27:02.000 --> 01:27:21.000
The idea in general is to to see how can we come back to the roots of the process because the rules, the main basis of the process is the completion process that the accumulation process of the capital itself, right?

447
01:27:21.000 --> 01:27:29.000
So we need to think about. Alternative forms, to handle this kind of problem, right?

448
01:27:29.000 --> 01:27:37.000
So to find a way. To find out. To identify and to generate.

449
01:27:37.000 --> 01:28:02.000
Is Moler forms of productive organization or social organization of tourists, but. Having at the same time the capacity to generate income to So sustain to keep the activity running running on and also to So.

450
01:28:02.000 --> 01:28:12.000
Handel to keep the level of damage or negative impacts generated by Tories in a certain level. I mean, in a contrary level.

451
01:28:12.000 --> 01:28:27.000
This is the main point that we would like to stress in that case, for example. But in doing so, we need, necessarily we need to, touch in that point of the acumulate eculated process, the capitalist economic process of accumulation.

452
01:28:27.000 --> 01:28:38.000
So this is one necessary thing to do. In our point of view, right? So. Maybe it would like to add.

453
01:28:38.000 --> 01:28:47.000
Marcela, Add something? No. So this is the main idea.

454
01:28:47.000 --> 01:29:00.000
Thank you. And Yana, did you want to address the comment by Kinc or?

455
01:29:00.000 --> 01:29:02.000
We have some more questions in in the room.

456
01:29:02.000 --> 01:29:12.000
Hey, I'm very sorry. I was writing but this is this is so interesting. So I didn't even hear the question.

457
01:29:12.000 --> 01:29:15.000
So I'm truly sorry. I didn't even hear the question. So I'm truly sorry.

458
01:29:15.000 --> 01:29:16.000
I didn't. Yeah.

459
01:29:16.000 --> 01:29:21.000
All right. Oh good. Worries. We have some more questions here in the room and I'll get home and come.

460
01:29:21.000 --> 01:29:25.000
That means

461
01:29:25.000 --> 01:29:40.000
I think it's more common now question. I was really fascinated by the second presentation. On snow tourism and the idea has been brought up and and not only just in the tourism field, but globally as what we call slow movement, slow food.

462
01:29:40.000 --> 01:29:59.000
And, and slow and I'm very slow. And I often tend to see things in in complex compare it sorry relative lansing in It was a toys and for example I mentioned slow is only relative to fast.

463
01:29:59.000 --> 01:30:17.000
Or far too slow and and in our regard you know maybe slow tourism or leisure for that matter it's it's something that could be a very good ingredient for fast pace life in condemnary society.

464
01:30:17.000 --> 01:30:35.000
And also whenever I travel I travel a lot but I often hear for example when I go to the UK, go to the US, Canada somewhere and 20 years later or 30 years later we see the same place, the same place, no change, very minimum development.

465
01:30:35.000 --> 01:30:43.000
And my friends agree with me, say, you know, I was a Suri, you was a Suri, 50 years ago and I go back.

466
01:30:43.000 --> 01:30:53.000
Here is almost the same, not much change. But when you are coming to the eastern part of Asia, particularly China or other parts, I believe Vietnam.

467
01:30:53.000 --> 01:31:06.000
Thailand and many parts of Asia, South Asia, which is also true. With the development is so big, so quick, so quick, you know, if you didn't go there 2 years later, or 3 years later. This is completely changed.

468
01:31:06.000 --> 01:31:24.000
You cannot recognize the place. Again, this is a FOZ and slow thing. I don't think I have a very good question for you but rather than a kind of reflection or comment on the second presentation about slow tourism.

469
01:31:24.000 --> 01:31:35.000
Slow is relative to farce and slow and this relativism. Could be at the same timeline if we look at it today, you know, today, same timeline.

470
01:31:35.000 --> 01:31:44.000
And if we look at the circular You know, circular lens. For example, in a matter of 100 years maybe.

471
01:31:44.000 --> 01:32:01.000
Maybe the eastern part of Asia at this point is in the industrial revolution stage. You know, creating rapid development compared to 100 years ago where the Industrial Revolution was completed in Europe and maybe in North America.

472
01:32:01.000 --> 01:32:08.000
Where the same things happen, you know, to a similar or lesser degree. I guess it's more common again.

473
01:32:08.000 --> 01:32:18.000
Thank you for that representation on slow tourism. It's translating.

474
01:32:18.000 --> 01:32:30.000
We still have 20 min left for the session so I'll have a go. More questions in that audience?

475
01:32:30.000 --> 01:32:34.000
So I did, I'm Advanced Chuck Muck from Bladea University in Netherlands.

476
01:32:34.000 --> 01:32:42.000
I do have also 2 questions for the first 2 presenters. The first question for, for Marcella.

477
01:32:42.000 --> 01:33:07.000
Now, one of the harvest issue or at least that my difficulty is You know, the stability of the capital, so that which is actually the accumulation and then in some way that it's fixed and then it is not actually you know flowing and as we know that particularly that in the current, and as we know that particularly that in

478
01:33:07.000 --> 01:33:16.000
the current urban societies that the society is that in the current urban societies that the society is that the society is looking at the current society is that the society is looking at identity as liquid and even though the capital is liquid.

479
01:33:16.000 --> 01:33:40.000
I mean that You know that at the stock exchanges that whose owns the capital so that's that's very difficult and even that we have witnessed that the issues directed the war between Russia and Ukraine that it was impossible actually to follow that it was impossible actually to follow that the capital flow of that it was impossible actually to follow

480
01:33:40.000 --> 01:33:45.000
that the capital flow of that-the-the-the-the-the-the-the-the-the-the-the, it was impossible actually to follow that, the, the capital flow of that, you know, that the Russian conglomerate.

481
01:33:45.000 --> 01:33:54.000
So in that sense, Don't think that actually in this organization there is also a transmission of the capitals.

482
01:33:54.000 --> 01:34:07.000
So in that sense, could you? Elaborate on that. I mean, what is actually your point and have the capital is is actually flowing, how liquid it is.

483
01:34:07.000 --> 01:34:31.000
So in this area, so in terms of that, I think that maybe we could look a little bit broader on capital than economic capital they can think of to the cultural capital social capital even though the symbolic capital so in in this areas that's one thing for the second presenters, Maybe it's again little bit

484
01:34:31.000 --> 01:34:49.000
more comment and I mean it reminds me that the Sita's law projects which started actually in Italy in 1,999 I guess and then afterwards that many cities particularly in Europe they joined you know there's this slow city moments.

485
01:34:49.000 --> 01:34:59.000
And at certain moments, I mean that those places, they, you know, they encountered with the overtureism.

486
01:34:59.000 --> 01:35:08.000
So in that sense, I actually, joined my, my friend, Kung Sang's comment.

487
01:35:08.000 --> 01:35:19.000
Is this actually an and an issue that you just try to escape that from the Durham data from the damage that's created by the mining industry.

488
01:35:19.000 --> 01:35:23.000
To somewhere that which is also You know, which, which, called bring also some, some problems to the society.

489
01:35:23.000 --> 01:35:53.000
So in that sense, my let's say large tanking is Is a not better idea to raise the awareness of the natural capital the cultural capital which is created in the area you know by the by the local people and then they actually take that you know they increase their voice and then accordingly let's say reflect on Let's say

490
01:35:56.000 --> 01:36:04.000
that the importance of of this area rather than opening up to the let's say for the slow tourism.

491
01:36:04.000 --> 01:36:25.000
I'm an outsiders and then you are at the expert you know much better than me. I hope that so that that it makes sense and then you can actually on that.

492
01:36:25.000 --> 01:36:26.000
Go ahead. Go ahead.

493
01:36:26.000 --> 01:36:39.000
May I answer the first question because I am or of the first paper right so. In Marxist terms and also in the harvest terms because Harvey is a follower from Marx, right?

494
01:36:39.000 --> 01:36:49.000
And In this, in the general idea. The capital, it's the most, circulative.

495
01:36:49.000 --> 01:37:01.000
Kind of commodity right because the money has this property to be universal in general and can be. Taken from one part and put in another one very easily.

496
01:37:01.000 --> 01:37:08.000
In a very, very fast way. However, it needs to be grounded. Sometime, somewhere in a specific place.

497
01:37:08.000 --> 01:37:30.000
It's not an material or totally abstract idea. So we need to even if you Take the capital of the money from one area and to put it in another another area another space another region We

498
01:37:30.000 --> 01:37:54.000
Making this process of ceric relation, but we need to put, to, a specify and to put in the time and space the capital and one of the most important ways in tourism industry is not tourism itself but the the support the suppliers of tourism for example the creation of the process of

499
01:37:54.000 --> 01:38:05.000
urbanization, the building constructions and so on because this kind of activities they have the power to generate high huge

500
01:38:05.000 --> 01:38:21.000
Of income and to demand money much money much much money to put this to create this kind of infrastructure buildings and so on.

501
01:38:21.000 --> 01:38:33.000
In terms of transportation. Buildings and restaurants, enterprise and so on. So this kind of suppliers are the main, they go the main focus.

502
01:38:33.000 --> 01:38:43.000
In rich in creation of witness in tourism industry. So this is why we tried to analyze that that kind of movement.

503
01:38:43.000 --> 01:39:02.000
In time and space. Following and applying this these general ideas in the case of Mexico right so this is the main The main solution applied in a specific place, but of course this process of urbanization and concentrated and extensive urbanization.

504
01:39:02.000 --> 01:39:23.000
It happens in several times, several moments. Across the time in space and the intensity in which it occurs it's the main factor to generate the accumulation of the capital.

505
01:39:23.000 --> 01:39:32.000
It So this is the main idea behind our augmentation.

506
01:39:32.000 --> 01:39:37.000
Thank you.

507
01:39:37.000 --> 01:39:38.000
One.

508
01:39:38.000 --> 01:39:43.000
Good.

509
01:39:43.000 --> 01:39:45.000
Yes, please.

510
01:39:45.000 --> 01:39:49.000
If you're If you're finished.

511
01:39:49.000 --> 01:39:50.000
Go ahead.

512
01:39:50.000 --> 01:39:51.000
Yep.

513
01:39:51.000 --> 01:40:08.000
Yeah, yeah, I mean, I agree with you. But I mean, the idea, I mean, also the comment, I mean, the idea, I mean, also the comment I can say, I mean the trailers are slow tourist project is not a universal antidote to what's happening in Southampton today and it's

514
01:40:08.000 --> 01:40:21.000
not and it has his inherent They're dangerous of course. But it's not only about, it's not only about, a project of slow tourism.

515
01:40:21.000 --> 01:40:34.000
For instance, one idea with the project is to actually enlightened. People in Sweden perhaps particularly about these forced migrations that took place in the So first half of the twentieth century.

516
01:40:34.000 --> 01:40:49.000
Something that is quite unknown in the south of Sweden. But it's a bit, well, it's strange or perhaps not that strange because the Swedish state has been.

517
01:40:49.000 --> 01:41:00.000
Quite good at writing history here. I'll select history. So this is something that has been broke up in in media quite recently, but there is a lack of general.

518
01:41:00.000 --> 01:41:16.000
Knowing about this. And another kind of idea with the trail is that It, offers perhaps a way of in the reconciliation process that is also just have just begin.

519
01:41:16.000 --> 01:41:30.000
And it can raises the possibility for some people to tell the story to, address their own their own trauma Yeah, but goes back in in families.

520
01:41:30.000 --> 01:41:39.000
So the is not only about slow tourists, maybe even if that is something that we perhaps stressed in the in the presentation.

521
01:41:39.000 --> 01:41:47.000
Do you have something to add there? We'll sound.

522
01:41:47.000 --> 01:41:55.000
Yes, absolutely. And also what is. That's they care is the culture.

523
01:41:55.000 --> 01:42:02.000
Of traditional reindeer herding for the Sami people. And fast tourism. It's not really compatible or it doesn't work well with rain, let's say.

524
01:42:02.000 --> 01:42:29.000
So And especially in the springtime when they are pregnant, the reindeers. And people want to have and we have climate change as well so winter is coming further north in Sweden now so Everyone want to have it's great fun to go with the snowmobile out driving super fast in snow that's super super

525
01:42:29.000 --> 01:42:43.000
fun. There's a lot of these competitive things, you know, you're running in the woods and you're going to and when you do this past thing competitive you will make mistakes with nature.

526
01:42:43.000 --> 01:42:54.000
Because you want to win. That's the whole thing. And, it will, nature loose and and culture will disappear.

527
01:42:54.000 --> 01:43:02.000
And also it's such a stress with these new minds opening. Several a year. And we need to have biofuels.

528
01:43:02.000 --> 01:43:07.000
We need to shop down the woods. And we need to have cheap electricity. So we need to plant all these wind turbines.

529
01:43:07.000 --> 01:43:28.000
So there's not that much land to to argue about. And we see it as protection for culture also for us who lives up here and who has the Heritage up here.

530
01:43:28.000 --> 01:43:43.000
Otherwise we will be I don't know for us to move to Stockholm more and start to work some so it's it's a that's also it's a little bit of a protest the trade as well.

531
01:43:43.000 --> 01:43:46.000
We are still here.

532
01:43:46.000 --> 01:43:51.000
Yeah, it's, all about, only only the involvement, but this is a really big, thing to do.

533
01:43:51.000 --> 01:44:03.000
Like, yeah, I commented before. Thank you for that comment because it's true. It's very hard to do.

534
01:44:03.000 --> 01:44:16.000
I see that people are asking for I need some more. I had the idea of the Compostela, the Santiago, the pilgrimage in Spain as a like.

535
01:44:16.000 --> 01:44:31.000
My idea. But that's capitalism and here we have animism shamanism we have the indigenous believes this system still still alive in small pockets.

536
01:44:31.000 --> 01:44:43.000
Quiet pockets because we don't want to talk that much about it because we've been shame and blamed and All of that as you know the old story all over the world of indigenous people.

537
01:44:43.000 --> 01:44:56.000
When colonialism. Same. So this is something that we want to lift. And we think that you can have reconciliation with the inner nature and outer nature of everyone.

538
01:44:56.000 --> 01:45:00.000
But we need to have reconciliation of. Oh, the things that happen to us up here as well.

539
01:45:00.000 --> 01:45:11.000
And this is the trail has many layers and it can tell many stories. We see it as.

540
01:45:11.000 --> 01:45:18.000
Really a good, ambassador actually. A long frame.

541
01:45:18.000 --> 01:45:32.000
Thank you so much. We have one more quick question here in audience and then I'll hand over to Kansing, have in audience and then I'll hand over to Kan Singh to close the RC 50 because this is the last presentation, the last session of our society.

542
01:45:32.000 --> 01:45:41.000
Hello, I'm not so sure if this is very quick, but I tried to do your best.

543
01:45:41.000 --> 01:45:49.000
Thank you. Thank you for the percentage. For the papers. From University Fall of Finland.

544
01:45:49.000 --> 01:46:05.000
And first of all, I would like to thank the first presentators for this bringing up the That's already was mentioned.

545
01:46:05.000 --> 01:46:18.000
A theory of capital accommodation, etc. It is very much applicable also to mining industry, which I am to some extent have been.

546
01:46:18.000 --> 01:46:29.000
Studying. So there were many insights that are theoretical points of view and concepts that can be used also in in my name industry.

547
01:46:29.000 --> 01:46:49.000
But as always this Marxist theory at this level they have some limitations And I think that that for example the approach which is based on taking into consideration of the rights of nature could be at something.

548
01:46:49.000 --> 01:47:09.000
To this this roads. You talk about natural resources, extraction and It is of course always connected to this big industrial tourism projects as well as mining industries.

549
01:47:09.000 --> 01:47:24.000
But you can critically approach this natural resource extraction from this point of view of rights of rights of nature.

550
01:47:24.000 --> 01:47:37.000
Then concerning this, this second presentation. I'm making a remark on the let's say methodological from the methodological point of view.

551
01:47:37.000 --> 01:47:50.000
You were talking about artivism. And as far as I have understood, art division is a concept that combines art and activism.

552
01:47:50.000 --> 01:48:10.000
And I would like to ask you what is your point of view to this this question. Are you more representing the traditional ivory tower of sociology or are you more representing the Activist.

553
01:48:10.000 --> 01:48:31.000
Approach to Soology. Then concerning this trait of tears or trail of tears. Project. As there was this concept of natural resource it extraction.

554
01:48:31.000 --> 01:48:48.000
Could there be also something called cultural resources extraction which is connected to this project and which was already to some extent referred to by by another other colleague.

555
01:48:48.000 --> 01:48:54.000
Thank you.

556
01:48:54.000 --> 01:49:08.000
Thank you. If we could get just a very quick answer, that would be great because we have to leave the room in a few minutes and I want to give the floor to Kansing as well.

557
01:49:08.000 --> 01:49:09.000
No comments?

558
01:49:09.000 --> 01:49:20.000
Yeah, we, and we, I could, yeah, short answer. Yeah, we are all for activist, sociology, even if we are not.

559
01:49:20.000 --> 01:49:38.000
Sociologist by training. But this, this is, this is research and activism. Combined and are not, could be kind of you could make it through kind of different instalments on the trade for instance.

560
01:49:38.000 --> 01:49:43.000
Yeah, make it into an artist as well. In a tourist context. Thank you.

561
01:49:43.000 --> 01:49:46.000
Thank you, and Yeah.

562
01:49:46.000 --> 01:49:55.000
I could only act. I thank you for really great. Question of course. That's that was really good.

563
01:49:55.000 --> 01:50:07.000
So, approach to nature is crucial. We really, we really think it is so. And from R.

564
01:50:07.000 --> 01:50:14.000
The methodology. Basically, bearers of.

565
01:50:14.000 --> 01:50:33.000
Changes and the It's like the one of the front lines. Do criticize the state and the ongoing extra activism and base destruction because They are the an artist in in Sweden.

566
01:50:33.000 --> 01:50:48.000
It's basically one of those last things very what you can use to practice us because this is like something industrialization and green transition is something that is beyond criticism.

567
01:50:48.000 --> 01:50:58.000
You should not create this and if you do that it's a it's quite difficult even to contact the and studies that go directly into that.

568
01:50:58.000 --> 01:51:11.000
But it's, of course, it's possible to discuss it. It's not that that's not a problem but they have so suggestions of what should be done like activists that really and backfire.

569
01:51:11.000 --> 01:51:24.000
I can say that but from point of view. When doing that in the field, then it's really, one of those last things you can do to criticize the Most a quick comment.

570
01:51:24.000 --> 01:51:41.000
In Norway we have the big Alta fight for the Sami communities. And the Sam is has always and their cultural workers in the first line of responders towards.

571
01:51:41.000 --> 01:51:51.000
Police towards all of these, state violence, pensions. So it's also tradition.

572
01:51:51.000 --> 01:51:58.000
Thank you also. Jacob, do you want just one quick minute for you? To respond. We really need to leave the room.

573
01:51:58.000 --> 01:52:10.000
Oh, it's okay. Actually, I would like to thank you. All the presenters and you, help with sharing this session.

574
01:52:10.000 --> 01:52:19.000
And I would like to invite all the presenters to submit your papers to our journal and I will stand this invitation.

575
01:52:19.000 --> 01:52:27.000
And I may form, also to the book that we are organizing. So that's it.

576
01:52:27.000 --> 01:52:28.000
Thank you.

577
01:52:28.000 --> 01:52:32.000
Thank you again for that. Thank you all presenters and have a good one night.

578
01:52:32.000 --> 01:52:41.000
All right, so we will just have a 2 min of Concinc's time to I guess close the RC 50 and here are the exciting ideas I guess.

579
01:52:41.000 --> 01:52:48.000
Alright, here we are after 10 sessions of RC 50 sessions and we have saved the best for last.

580
01:52:48.000 --> 01:52:49.000
50 sessions and we have saved the best for last right so on behalf of the best for last right so on behalf of Scott and myself.

581
01:52:49.000 --> 01:53:11.000
So on behalf of Scott and myself it has been a journey that took 5 years and myself it has been a journey that took 5 years and if you remember the very first sessions, it has been a journey that took 5 years and if you remember the very first sessions we were here wherever you were maybe at a reception we were drinking at the very first sessions we were here wherever you were maybe at a reception we were drinking a lot for those

582
01:53:11.000 --> 01:53:12.000
people who were here, wherever you were maybe at a reception. We were drinking a lot for those people who are online.

583
01:53:12.000 --> 01:53:20.000
I know that there's an earthly hours in Europe now It seems to be so long ago, but I think the experience has been very rich for many of us.

584
01:53:20.000 --> 01:53:27.000
All right, we have met all friends and very importantly we have met new friends and I think the journey will continue.

585
01:53:27.000 --> 01:53:40.000
I would like to, on behalf Marciano who will be actually organizing the next RC 50 sessions and in South Korea in 4 years time.

586
01:53:40.000 --> 01:53:58.000
All right, we really hope that you'll join us again and we've regret, unfortunately Scott will be leaving the RC 50 executive board but it takes a village to get organized and so we have RCC committee members here who have been very very supportive.

587
01:53:58.000 --> 01:54:03.000
In many ways I seem at the spine of the group. All right, so thank you very much.

588
01:54:03.000 --> 01:54:18.000
All right, hope to see you in South Korea. Okay.

589
01:54:18.000 --> 01:54:19.000
Thank you very much. Nice to go.

590
01:54:19.000 --> 01:54:20.000
And sleep well, always. Thank you everyone. Thank you for great session. Congratulations Marcela, Osa, Yannin, I have it.