WEBVTT 1 00:00:00.001 --> 00:00:12.930 Okay, all right. Well, look I'm going to read the acknowledgment. and then we'll kick right off. So, on behalf of everyone gathered, I pay respect to the spirit of the country here in now where we are meeting. 2 00:00:12.930 --> 00:00:28.780 and I acknowledge the cooler nation. One dairy Wi-i warung as the sovereign people. Here the cultural heritage holders who maintain and promote promote the name aboriginal laws, customs, and custodians responsible for country. 3 00:00:29.050 --> 00:00:39.569 and that country continues to sustain generation after generation into the future. For us all I recognize the importance of first nation thinkers 4 00:00:39.590 --> 00:00:52.350 and their contribution to sociology, including challenges to our dominant ways of thinking, and we thank anyone here with a first nation heritage for their contributions to the discipline 5 00:00:52.670 --> 00:00:57.629 our session today I'm standing in for harm. 6 00:00:57.730 --> 00:01:10.690 Who couldn't make it, and Michelle, who couldn't make it so, forgive me if I'm not completely across the topic. But we're looking at compound disasters, extreme weather, and the impact of livelihoods. 7 00:01:10.740 --> 00:01:18.780 And I think this is going to be a lovely culmination of all the previous sessions which have touched on issues. 8 00:01:18.900 --> 00:01:35.870 that we're focusing on today. Our first speaker is Litio, who from Nanjing University in China, and they're going to speak on. The effect of tropical cyclone induced multiple hazards on economic production. 9 00:01:36.050 --> 00:01:37.490 So 10 00:01:38.560 --> 00:01:39.830 thank you. 11 00:01:39.890 --> 00:01:45.470 So you're ready to go. welcome. 12 00:01:45.480 --> 00:01:47.550 Litiao Hu: So could you hear me? 13 00:01:47.810 --> 00:01:54.459 Yes, we can hear you. And do we get her? Yes, just share your screen when you're ready. 14 00:01:54.650 --> 00:01:56.629 Litiao Hu: Okay, okay, no problem. 15 00:01:57.930 --> 00:01:59.270 Excellent. 16 00:02:02.840 --> 00:02:04.300 Litiao Hu: is it? Okay? 17 00:02:04.490 --> 00:02:09.390 Yes, your right to go. Just put it into presentation. That's it. Perfect. Thank you. 18 00:02:09.600 --> 00:02:26.390 Litiao Hu: Okay, okay. Hello, everyone. I'm honored to deliver this presentation to you. My name is Li Cha, who and I come from Nanji University. I regret that for some reasons I was unable to attend the conference in person. 19 00:02:26.450 --> 00:02:35.390 Litiao Hu: Today. The name of my presentation is economic impacts of tropical cyclone induced the mighty hazards in China. 20 00:02:35.530 --> 00:02:49.159 Litiao Hu: I will present my report in 4 aspects. The first is about the background of the study. Today the world is facing serious challenges to compound weather hazards, particularly 21 00:02:49.480 --> 00:02:56.120 Litiao Hu: the compound has a risks amplified, due to global warming. And so events. 22 00:02:56.290 --> 00:03:04.040 Litiao Hu: extreme heat darts, rainstorms, and the flowers often occur simultaneously all over the world. 23 00:03:04.050 --> 00:03:11.709 Litiao Hu: According to the past studies, these extreme weather hazards have caused a significant economic loss. 24 00:03:12.300 --> 00:03:33.500 Litiao Hu: Charcoal cycles can induce mighty hazards simultaneously, including strong winds, heavy rains, storm surge, and as a result, economic activities can be helped. Different sectors are affected, such as the primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors. 25 00:03:33.510 --> 00:03:38.540 Litiao Hu: tensely populated and highly developed Chinese cities, such as the 26 00:03:38.570 --> 00:03:48.799 Litiao Hu: Shanghai, Schengen, and Guantanamo, are often affected by thesis. The economic risks of the compound hazards are severe 27 00:03:49.810 --> 00:04:03.470 Litiao Hu: evidence based on physical models. Machine learning and empirical analysis suggests that economic losses from triple cyclones are increasing under climate change. 28 00:04:04.420 --> 00:04:13.250 Litiao Hu: Criminal studies have integrated vulnerability and exposure of human society to a science director. Economic analysis. 29 00:04:13.850 --> 00:04:30.089 Litiao Hu: and as a socio-economic systems become increasingly connected. Temporary regional economic shocks can affect the distant distant cities through train line works and lead to higher, older, innocuous. 30 00:04:30.250 --> 00:04:38.560 Litiao Hu: All of these results imply huge economic losses from charcoal cyclones and growing regional inequality. 31 00:04:39.040 --> 00:05:00.130 Litiao Hu: However, almost all studies have just considered direct economic losses from one or 2 hazards caused by Tcs. A few studies have considered the impact of of DC hazard hazards on macroeconomic protection under the inference of temperature variability. 32 00:05:00.220 --> 00:05:07.240 Litiao Hu: but a more few have uncovered the overall macroeconomic impact channels of all thes. 33 00:05:07.650 --> 00:05:18.460 Litiao Hu: It is imperative to explore the economic impact of Tc multi hazards and then recover the impact channel under climate variability. 34 00:05:18.990 --> 00:05:22.979 Litiao Hu: Next part I will show you the method of this study. 35 00:05:23.370 --> 00:05:31.510 Litiao Hu: The study is contacted, conducted at the provincial level in China from 2,000 to 2020, 36 00:05:31.730 --> 00:05:43.459 Litiao Hu: and the harder data includes tracks of cyclones occurring in China, Tc precipitation and a storm service. The economic data include 37 00:05:43.490 --> 00:05:50.639 Litiao Hu: Gdp for each province. Other control variables include temperature and witness date 38 00:05:50.790 --> 00:06:09.859 Litiao Hu: and other data sources are shown below to explore the the second impact on economic protection. We first, the calculated several variables for Cyclone Index index, including second precipitation, second Wings and second stone search. 39 00:06:09.980 --> 00:06:25.390 Litiao Hu: We derive the second indexes by the caution's original and the maximum Saxon hazards. These indexes can eliminate multi-colinearity in multi-milled, simultaneous modeling. 40 00:06:26.300 --> 00:06:32.659 Litiao Hu: Then we apply fixed effects, models to capture the causal inference. 41 00:06:32.850 --> 00:06:39.510 Litiao Hu: We further identify the impacts of tc precipitation wins and a stoncase separately. 42 00:06:39.900 --> 00:06:44.570 Litiao Hu: We also control the tent and a special fixed effects at the 43 00:06:44.730 --> 00:06:48.500 Litiao Hu: as it as it is the question. Shawn 44 00:06:48.920 --> 00:07:06.910 Litiao Hu: the dependence of variable is the logarithmic form of Gdp per Capitol, for each province is model includes a secondary term for ch. For sacrament precipitation. The interaction between Sacramento 45 00:07:07.080 --> 00:07:14.299 Litiao Hu: precipitation and temperature variability as well as the second 1 point intensity. 46 00:07:14.420 --> 00:07:18.789 Litiao Hu: and and they are in interaction with the 47 00:07:20.600 --> 00:07:22.860 Litiao Hu: in inconsitive variability. 48 00:07:23.090 --> 00:07:35.490 Litiao Hu: and also as well as the cyclone stone search. Besides, we include seasonal temperature, variability and late precipitation. As a further controls. 49 00:07:36.130 --> 00:07:44.929 Litiao Hu: We further investigate whether the annual climateate condition interacts with the presentation of the 50 00:07:44.960 --> 00:07:50.290 Litiao Hu: on its economy. So we use the annual main temperature 51 00:07:51.400 --> 00:08:04.640 Litiao Hu: more to understand whether the interaction among Tc precipitation wings and strong searches of factor economic output. We also have interaction terms for the 2 hazards of Tcs. 52 00:08:06.570 --> 00:08:30.470 Litiao Hu: The change in provincial economic output will result from a 1% increase in the Tc. In tax elasticity. Coefficients are calculated as the first that you reviate 80 of economic outcomes concerning Tc. Mighty hazards. The man regression model and the the elasticity coefficients are shown below. 53 00:08:30.540 --> 00:08:35.690 Litiao Hu: Next, I will show you the main results of this results of this study. 54 00:08:35.830 --> 00:08:45.979 Litiao Hu: Mit C 55 00:08:46.180 --> 00:08:59.980 Litiao Hu: inverted, you shape your curve. In addition, it is an actively moderated by seasonal temperature. Variability, which is more significant compared compared to the temperature variation. 56 00:09:00.520 --> 00:09:15.640 Litiao Hu: This represents economic agents are more resilient to regional annual climate, climate conditions and vulnerable to the planet vulnerability. As for cyclone wins, economic response 57 00:09:16.490 --> 00:09:27.360 Litiao Hu: positively interact with second inconsistent variations. This is the first attempt to investigate the impact of second byations on economic production. 58 00:09:27.550 --> 00:09:42.089 Litiao Hu: and as for second-stone search in actively affects economic protection, there is no significant trend for the interactions between 2 Zack home hazards on Gdp. 59 00:09:42.350 --> 00:10:00.509 Litiao Hu: Now we can see that the stronger temperature, stronger temperature, variability with the same second precipitation, the economic elasticity, are is smaller, and the total effects of second precipitation is more likely negative. 60 00:10:00.720 --> 00:10:14.510 Litiao Hu: as drawing in figures C and E. Stronger. Second, when the vulnerability can represent larger economics, elasticity and regions are more resilient to cyclone wings 61 00:10:15.540 --> 00:10:23.480 Litiao Hu: based on the event they revealed. Before we demonstrate the original and the yearly effects of Truckco's. 62 00:10:23.510 --> 00:10:28.859 Litiao Hu: As we can see, our lectured areas are vulnerable to negative 63 00:10:29.130 --> 00:10:35.540 Litiao Hu: rainfall effects and most years second, presentation is positive. 64 00:10:38.550 --> 00:10:58.939 Litiao Hu: and this means that it's a sacrum. Precipitation is beneficial to economic protection as the average conditions as for cyclone wins, coastal areas are more resilient to strong secong wings, and most of the years cyclone wings and actively affect 65 00:10:58.980 --> 00:11:20.040 Litiao Hu: economic production with no obvious variations, with years. We further conduct heterogeneity analysis for economic level and sectors. A positive impact out for areas on rainfall is quite significant and agricultural sectors is significantly positive. 66 00:11:20.170 --> 00:11:35.489 Litiao Hu: affected by rainfall as well. The secondary industry is significant for all hazards. Our sacrament and the positive impact of tenth of the tertiary sector on rainfall is also significant. 67 00:11:35.600 --> 00:11:45.699 Litiao Hu: Finally, we conduct, we contact robustness track by following for methods or results are robust and consistent with the main results. 68 00:11:46.920 --> 00:12:06.950 Litiao Hu: we concluded them. Man results as followings. We can see that it's roomful. From truckco cell. Chrome's can cause over 80 of the combined sacrament impacts. The second inter interact adversely with climate change. I like to. And the inland areas are vulnerable 69 00:12:07.080 --> 00:12:17.850 Litiao Hu: tracocyclone hazards in China have significant impact on high income areas and secondary industries with a grimful, affecting all sectors. 70 00:12:18.800 --> 00:12:28.909 Litiao Hu: Finally, we we I I would like to deliver some prospects of this, that it first is about to the policy inside 71 00:12:29.040 --> 00:12:44.649 Litiao Hu: will reveal the hospitals of different cyclone hazards and the impact trainers which provide a variable insights for policymakers, including inland areas, head latitude areas and coastal areas. 72 00:12:45.530 --> 00:12:50.399 Litiao Hu: And the finally, I would like to deliver some take home message. 73 00:12:50.680 --> 00:13:02.970 Litiao Hu: as we can see the results just to ensure before fix the effects. Models can assign the net effect of the impact of simultaneous occurrence of multi hazards 74 00:13:03.150 --> 00:13:11.240 Litiao Hu: and charcoal backgrounds not only impose an active effects, but also the positive effects of the room for are significant. 75 00:13:11.510 --> 00:13:26.480 Litiao Hu: and the multi-disciplinary innovation in the field of meteorological disaster and economics can identify the interaction between disasters and human society, and thus improve disaster, resilience. 76 00:13:27.440 --> 00:13:34.430 Litiao Hu: This paper is now under review in our future. That's all about my report. Thank you for your listening. 77 00:13:41.040 --> 00:13:46.689 thank you. for that very clear presentation. 78 00:13:46.700 --> 00:13:53.040 I know it's difficult when you're presenting online, and you can't see your audience. I've done that before 79 00:13:53.300 --> 00:14:01.870 we next have Renee Handman, who chaired our previous session, and Renee 80 00:14:02.190 --> 00:14:10.809 is heavily involved in supporting businesses in disaster, resilience, and she's going to report on some of her activities 81 00:14:13.450 --> 00:14:14.150 for yours. 82 00:14:21.350 --> 00:14:22.010 Okay. 83 00:14:22.200 --> 00:14:38.000 thanks, Val. It's great to be here today and present, and I hope I live up to the wonderful presenters we had this morning. So I'm talking today on saving lives and livelihoods. Some lessons learned from New South Wales business community work that we have delivered on. 84 00:14:40.140 --> 00:14:58.219 So my name's Renee Hamvin. I'm the founder of a social enterprise, resilient, ready. We have a focus of building regime businesses, helping communities thrive and leading collaborations. We are bringing a new ecosystem into the era of disaster, resilience with a focus on organizations. 85 00:14:58.220 --> 00:15:14.269 We have a resent reading methodology, which is 4 Ps. Really focused on delivering solutions. And I guess, translating and activating our government policies and frameworks. We want to create an outcome where every organization can thrive before, during and after disasters. 86 00:15:14.270 --> 00:15:41.390 We're on a mission to embed our methodology across all types of businesses and locations. We also include, not for profits and government entities as businesses gasps in the room, no doubt. so I guess we really talk of businesses being operating entities. Our methodology is about really activating frameworks and best practices into context that enable every kind of organization that can thrive with a real focus of saving lives and livelihoods. 87 00:15:41.660 --> 00:16:07.309 So your livelihood is the job or other source of income that gives you the money to buy the things you need, food, medicine, clothing, etc. And I think when we talk about essentials in the emergency management and disaster resilient space. I don't believe livelihoods are taken seriously enough, or are high enough in the essentials, housing essentials, absolutely water essential. Absolutely. If you don't have a livelihood. 88 00:16:07.310 --> 00:16:23.959 you can't live. And I think we need to connect that into the reality of when we're looking to prepare communities, or recover and respond to disasters, livelihoods must become more talked about and more included in our before, during and after planning. 89 00:16:24.440 --> 00:16:44.910 So when we look at livelihoods. We use a business lens, and I welcome any other word. Some call it organizations, but typically we include micro small medium to large corporates, not for profits and government entities. But we know globally 97%, or the majority are small and micro businesses who have under 19 employees. 90 00:16:45.060 --> 00:17:11.750 We also know from our global research that 40% of small businesses never reopen post a major disaster. So you think about your local community or your local shops where you purchase your coffee from. Imagine if 40% was wiped out in an instant, we also know that 80% that have not opened within 5 days post impact are closed within 2 years. So the numbers are actually higher. 91 00:17:11.950 --> 00:17:32.739 So losing a business is not just a bank losing exorbitant millions of dollars in profit. Losing a business means we lose jobs, we lose products and services within our communities. And when you think again about organizations like the neighborhood center and the the products and services that they deliver, particularly to those most vulnerable 92 00:17:32.740 --> 00:17:42.219 Losing businesses directly leads to unemployment, increased mental health issues, increased suicides, homelessness and domestic violence. 93 00:17:42.220 --> 00:18:01.589 And we know that 32% of small businesses are owned by women, and that's growing and if you have women in domestic, violent situations, and we know disasters, exacerbate the situations. If you cut off their financial lifeline as well, there's obviously major increasing social impacts. 94 00:18:02.000 --> 00:18:22.240 I wish we'd plan to save the machinery. That is more important than the house. So I'm soon going to share with you the work that we've been delivering across New South Wales. But we also have Queensland. We're now delivering it in Victoria and South Australia, which really puts focus on. Should there be a choice around saving my house or saving my business. 95 00:18:22.240 --> 00:18:35.739 and I guess that's saving the household versus the livelihood, and I don't have in this presentation. But there's a wonderful quote that says, I can watch TV in the milking shed. I can't milk the cows in the living room. 96 00:18:35.870 --> 00:18:45.129 And I guess that's the reality of what many people said. I'm going to put it into the next presentation, because clearly that slides are, we know, that has a picture of cows. 97 00:18:45.390 --> 00:19:12.500 So what we have. what I designed and developed is the business community resilience toolkit. And I want to highlight that it's business community. It's not about individual businesses, building resilience themselves. We need all businesses and organizations across communities delivering it together. We're very fortunate to receive funding to pilot and co-design the the program over 12 months with Southern and Northern New South Wales bushfire impacted communities. And we've also delivered it in Queensland. 98 00:19:12.500 --> 00:19:31.469 And it's basically a tailored program. That's all relevant in terms of localized content. it's micro learning. So we use nudge theory. We want to build capabilities in 5 min intervals. It's not a 40 page business continuity that you're never going to complete. You don't understand. It's not the language that you know. 99 00:19:31.470 --> 00:19:42.879 It's about what small steps everyone can understand that they can embed into their business as usual and deliver in their daily the daily working environment. 100 00:19:42.880 --> 00:20:08.530 It's really important to us to have lived experience examples, all of our modules. We pay local business people to participate part of our social enterprise. If they're helping communities, they should be reimbursed for that we capture data, and I'll share that in a minute. And the data is quite innovative and real time. We identify vulnerabilities in communities. We go down to a postcode level. And we can also we're activating facilitated conversations. 101 00:20:08.550 --> 00:20:18.039 So in terms of the online program, we've currently got 50. But very growing number of micro learning modules, and the whole focus is doing it together. 102 00:20:18.420 --> 00:20:43.410 And you can't have a presentation these days without a QR code. So here's mine. I want to share with you some research that we did in the Blue Mountains, and I'm very grateful to have Professor Ingham. Right here from Charleston University. We also have Professor Daniel Aldrich, Is on, has been on my advisory group for 3 years, and is a delivery partner and worked with us on this project. 103 00:20:43.410 --> 00:21:12.309 So the research we did in the Blue Mountains for the business communities was that they don't know how to connect. They don't know why to connect, they don't know the benefits of connecting. So it was really clear that there's a big opportunity and through our Bcr toolkit program we have real, I guess, evidence-based data that we need to be building knowledge in business people to connect with each other and collaborate with each other. to build resilience. So I welcome you to Read that, and please share your thoughts. 104 00:21:12.550 --> 00:21:37.129 I just want to take you through quickly. I guess what our toolkit entails our micro-learning module has again, there's 50 plus modules. This one is an example next door, Savior, because we know that likely when a disaster occurs, it's not the sirens that are going to be arriving first. It's potentially your next door neighbours. And this morning presentation alluded to the notion of shared responsibility. So this is also sharing accountability. 105 00:21:37.130 --> 00:21:57.090 So we asked 2 questions with every module. This one, have you met your next door? Business, neighbors, and do you know how your neighbors can help you. So that data, we can then utilize and activate conversations and in community initiatives to connect business people. We also offer really simple worksheets again. It's 5 min learning modules. 106 00:21:57.090 --> 00:22:19.510 to get people to do it. So for this one we have a how to go and introduce yourself to the business next door. which some of you might find dorting. I clearly don't, but it gives you some great tools for all people in business and communities as to how they can connect at that level. I'm not going to share with you the video today, just because the timing perspective. But 107 00:22:19.600 --> 00:22:35.780 I mentioned before, every micro learning module has a lived experience. It goes for 2 to 3 min again. It's really short. one of our micro learning modules is on cyber security, obviously a major disaster and disruption for businesses across the globe. 108 00:22:35.860 --> 00:22:52.290 This is Theresa Matthews from the Mogo Lolly Shop, and if you haven't been there in New South Wales, it's great She shares her story of evacuating from the 2020 bushfires and her website got cyber attacked 400 times. 109 00:22:52.290 --> 00:23:20.780 So just imagine you're a small business owner. You are evacuating your shop, your livelihood, your family, your pets, everything else, and you are saying in front of you. Well, she didn't say it at the time, because the Internet went down, but when she got to the recovery center she had 400 alerts that someone was trying to attack her online business. At the same time, I mean, talk about a disaster. So those lived experiences and every module has one shares the power of what these small steps can do to change behaviors. 110 00:23:20.940 --> 00:23:32.269 We've currently delivered it across 33 disaster affected Ldas. And growing. We have, I mentioned before, 50 co-designed, micro-learning modules. The modules come from the communities 111 00:23:32.270 --> 00:23:50.990 we're delivering one in Phillip Island, and they want one on helping small business people deal with media arriving at the door. So again, what's the local? We always localize the modules. What's the local process to help media, including not for profits. And we've actually got over 600 business participants. At the moment 112 00:23:51.040 --> 00:24:19.429 the learnings and actions taken from the Vs. Our toolkit helped me reopen my business quickly when the floods hit. So this was a new South Wales business that we was part of the pilot program after the bushfires, but clearly demonstrated and took the embedded learnings into the next disaster to hit being the floods. So I guess it's it's driving behavioral change that is transferable and irrespective. We definitely use an all Hazard's approach. 113 00:24:19.450 --> 00:24:47.630 it's really well welcomed by council. So our business communities offered engaging real world experiences that are being presented by their peers as a social enterprise. We also share back all data. So I shared the 2. Yes, no questions before we share that data back with councils and the communities very transparently, because we want to support capabilities, and strength-based as well as vulnerabilities. So they can be removed. 114 00:24:47.680 --> 00:25:13.210 So we really focus on translating policy. We have the Sendai framework as a core driver for what we're looking to deliver to as well as our national frameworks and policies, we through a micro-learning approach, driving embedded action, enhancing investment as part of obviously the disaster risk reduction goals. We're really driving a cultural change. We know that, particularly for small businesses. If we can nudge business people ahead. 115 00:25:13.210 --> 00:25:22.850 they employ people, they sell to customers, they buy from suppliers. They're very active in the community. A lot are also 116 00:25:22.940 --> 00:25:49.409 fire volunteers, etc., etc. So by building their knowledge, we're also organically seeding and building resilience across the community and building that real risk understanding. So one example I'll just share with you is that in Queensland one of the modules we have is can't keep going. So businesses that are thinking about closing down. And the local council engaged us to deliver this program. And 24% of those participating in the program 117 00:25:49.410 --> 00:26:09.769 said that they've considered closing their business. So that's not that. A business has put them out of business. It's that they've actually gone. You know what I can't do this anymore. And I mentioned the 40% before. But imagine if just 24% decided that they just had enough. And they didn't want to do business anymore that has major social and economic impacts across communities. 118 00:26:10.080 --> 00:26:39.850 So I'll finish with a quote from myself, we cannot build resent and thriving communities without building vital capabilities in business people. And I guess I ask you to question and expand the notion of business because it is broader than those big profit-making organizations. But we certainly need our business people in communities to thrive. And I welcome anyone to connect or have a conversations about saving lives and livelihoods together. So thank you. 119 00:26:44.350 --> 00:26:50.379 Thanks, Renee. We're going to take questions at the end. You might have gathered by now, so 120 00:26:50.500 --> 00:26:53.630 sure some of you will have questions for an A. 121 00:26:53.670 --> 00:27:01.099 Our next presenter is located in Bangladesh. And I did see him online 122 00:27:02.240 --> 00:27:03.200 here. 123 00:27:05.220 --> 00:27:06.870 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: Yeah, I'm online. 124 00:27:07.080 --> 00:27:11.319 Yeah, we're just getting your slides show up. Yeah. 125 00:27:11.760 --> 00:27:13.319 see that. 126 00:27:14.840 --> 00:27:20.149 So you share your screen when if you already yeah. 127 00:27:20.280 --> 00:27:33.230 thank you. See back. See back Kumar. is going to to us about household level coping strategies in coastal Bangladesh after Cyclone ail. And I can say. 128 00:27:33.410 --> 00:27:47.160 I'm really keen to hear this. I visited Bangladesh and the coastal region where Cyclone Aila had hit, and it was literally sand from one end of the horizon to the other. It was totally wiped out. 129 00:27:47.360 --> 00:27:50.179 so go ahead. See? Back? 130 00:27:50.450 --> 00:27:51.460 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: Yeah. 131 00:27:57.240 --> 00:27:58.600 you're on. Hello! 132 00:27:58.670 --> 00:28:18.490 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: Good morning. I'm I'm from Bangladesh. and I welcome all of you to my presentation, titled housing level couping strategies in Bangladesh, the case of cycle 9 2,009. 133 00:28:20.880 --> 00:28:30.249 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: So recess context, second, Nila struck the south east coast of Bangladesh on 25 May 2,009. 134 00:28:30.720 --> 00:28:36.410 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: It affected illegal statistics and over 3.9 million people. 135 00:28:37.000 --> 00:28:39.389 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: I'm on the this sticks 136 00:28:39.729 --> 00:28:52.410 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: affected by Sacramento to the sticks named Nikola and Shakila, with the most effective distance and most affected 137 00:28:52.840 --> 00:28:57.539 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: 57 people in that. 138 00:28:57.640 --> 00:29:05.210 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: and it displaced at least 100,000 people permanently, and a much larger number temporary. 139 00:29:09.660 --> 00:29:25.180 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: The study was conducted in 2 villages of Kola district and study villages were subject to flooding for a long period. one for almost 21 months, and the other for almost 33 months. Following 140 00:29:26.750 --> 00:29:30.019 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: most houses, we are unable to start 141 00:29:30.109 --> 00:29:34.830 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: usual economic activities until the Embankment was repaired. 142 00:29:37.439 --> 00:29:39.140 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: So 143 00:29:42.090 --> 00:29:46.160 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: metrology. This study is based on 144 00:29:47.630 --> 00:29:51.899 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: data collected to a mixed methods. Research approach. 145 00:29:52.500 --> 00:30:02.500 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: I collect it. Quality of data. So 3 data collection techniques. These are observation in the Ps. And focus to discussions. 146 00:30:04.149 --> 00:30:05.160 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: See 147 00:30:05.190 --> 00:30:11.680 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: 83 in the interviews we're connected with heads of the household or wife of the House of Heads. 148 00:30:12.030 --> 00:30:18.069 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: In addition, 80 of it is 4 with me, and 4 or 3 min were conducted 149 00:30:18.710 --> 00:30:23.019 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: for the move. 49 team for my interviews were conducted. 150 00:30:23.470 --> 00:30:25.530 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: elected representatives. 151 00:30:25.550 --> 00:30:30.289 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: government officials, officials of national and international use. 152 00:30:30.800 --> 00:30:31.850 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: and 153 00:30:32.260 --> 00:30:45.629 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: people from 2 villages and 70 males who are key performance of the study in addition to 154 00:30:45.780 --> 00:30:47.430 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: A was conducted. 155 00:30:50.200 --> 00:31:07.370 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: So you can see the map. The study has been conducted in challenge of village of Dakota, and in October village of 156 00:31:07.580 --> 00:31:19.099 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: you. The is located with the cover. 157 00:31:23.280 --> 00:31:27.310 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: So you can see the detailed map of Chinese buildings. 158 00:31:34.370 --> 00:31:44.680 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: and from this slide you can see the detailed map of the 159 00:31:45.760 --> 00:31:47.100 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: So 160 00:31:48.800 --> 00:31:55.630 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: cooking strategies. Houses employed various cooking strategies to cooper with the poorest and a crisis 161 00:31:56.410 --> 00:32:04.180 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: houses reduce the number of means per day. They reduce the amount of food in tick by me. 162 00:32:04.390 --> 00:32:06.989 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: and relied on inexpensive tools 163 00:32:08.370 --> 00:32:17.960 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: also also relied on various 8 items from relatives relied on emergency H. And long term it from the government in Ngos 164 00:32:20.260 --> 00:32:30.040 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: caught fish for consumption, as well as, for for instance, 94% of the surveyed houses reduce the number of minutes per day 165 00:32:30.230 --> 00:32:39.640 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: to cope with the postal crisis. Likewise. 98% of the separate houses reduce the amount to 40 tick per day where it's 166 00:32:39.650 --> 00:32:44.650 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: 94.4% of the separate houses relied on inexpensive proofs. 167 00:32:45.180 --> 00:32:49.250 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: Similarly. 99.6 of the houses 168 00:32:49.720 --> 00:32:55.670 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: relied on emergency 8 and long term it from the government to Ngos 169 00:32:55.880 --> 00:32:59.390 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: for cooing with the pooh Aila crisis. 170 00:33:03.120 --> 00:33:07.940 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: Other important 171 00:33:07.950 --> 00:33:11.730 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: participation in careful one put forward 172 00:33:11.830 --> 00:33:21.649 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: orcation food for what program participation is in cash for training program by Ngos migration to other places for one 173 00:33:22.780 --> 00:33:30.509 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: money, borrowing from relatives looms from Ngos. C. Views, micro-grid organizations and co-operatives. 174 00:33:31.380 --> 00:33:32.710 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: booking with 175 00:33:32.790 --> 00:33:38.490 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: other families for several days, and collection of drinking water from distance. Space 176 00:33:43.460 --> 00:33:49.699 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: cooping strategy is up to the houses also includes what it create from. 177 00:33:50.080 --> 00:34:00.050 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: We'll answer various 8 items, such as food, vegetables. And what's you from neighbors, friends and echoes. money moving from neighbors, friends, and acquaintances. 178 00:34:00.060 --> 00:34:10.229 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: Presumption of rice stole people I like use of savings moved from government, or banks of sources from neighbors, facts and acquaintances. 179 00:34:10.250 --> 00:34:13.279 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: Sale of landscape, such as cows and goose. 180 00:34:14.700 --> 00:34:24.980 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: monetary, 8 from neighbors. location. 181 00:34:27.990 --> 00:34:32.570 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: Some copies, strategies made houses more valuable 182 00:34:32.980 --> 00:34:39.919 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: rather than resilient. For instance, cooking strategies, such as scene of livestock. 183 00:34:40.440 --> 00:34:44.609 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: such as towns and goals, salo, farming, land 184 00:34:44.880 --> 00:34:51.189 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: or location. Farming, land made houses more vulnerable rather than resilient. 185 00:34:51.660 --> 00:34:58.310 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: Actually, most of the effective houses we're unable to put with the 2 stellar cases on their home. 186 00:34:59.340 --> 00:35:12.259 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: That is what assistance from the government and engines was vital for the survival and recovery of the affected houses. This is because 187 00:35:12.700 --> 00:35:21.020 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: we are subject to continuous flooding for almost 2 to one months and 33 months respectively. 188 00:35:21.630 --> 00:35:24.510 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: So most of the houses 189 00:35:24.810 --> 00:35:27.399 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: struggle to survive 190 00:35:27.420 --> 00:35:30.109 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: struggle to meet basic needs 191 00:35:30.620 --> 00:35:39.959 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: for a long period, as they couldn't start their recovery activities or economy activities until the Embankment was repaired. 192 00:35:40.700 --> 00:35:44.289 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: and that they were unable to survive 193 00:35:44.590 --> 00:35:46.069 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: on their own. 194 00:35:48.160 --> 00:35:55.410 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: So they were not able to survive it. They didn't receive 8 195 00:35:55.420 --> 00:36:01.749 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: from the government and end use. And if they didn't have the opportunity to participate 196 00:36:02.370 --> 00:36:03.839 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: in the 197 00:36:04.180 --> 00:36:09.689 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: foods, the cash food through what programs operated by engines. 198 00:36:10.320 --> 00:36:12.450 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: So the households 199 00:36:12.690 --> 00:36:15.440 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: in the 200 00:36:15.570 --> 00:36:19.030 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: dependent, we are predominantly dependent. 201 00:36:19.270 --> 00:36:23.369 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: government and end use for the survival. 202 00:36:27.140 --> 00:36:47.549 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: So from this right, you can see embedded human settlement. You can see that the level of the what are also in that man. This is higher than the level of the land inside the environment. It means that if there are breaches in the amendment, then 203 00:36:47.590 --> 00:37:00.949 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: the Malaysia will be subject to flooding. And that happened after I left, because they were appreciating the amendment, and that was also subject to flooding for a long period. 204 00:37:03.470 --> 00:37:10.019 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: so shelter and let in provided by U Atp 205 00:37:10.110 --> 00:37:16.040 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: where the villages became t warted that is, in the recovery phase 206 00:37:17.830 --> 00:37:32.009 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: and shell. Just 2 types of ships here where there's 2 rooms and the the other one's provided by Islamic. Really, Bangladesh. in the one of the 207 00:37:34.660 --> 00:37:37.849 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: and interventions to improve. 208 00:37:38.040 --> 00:37:44.520 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: what are options and quality provided by 209 00:37:45.220 --> 00:37:46.870 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: in 2 villages. 210 00:37:48.400 --> 00:37:49.379 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: Thank you. 211 00:37:54.460 --> 00:38:05.999 Thank you very much. It's sobering presentation. We'll have questions for you at the end. 212 00:38:06.060 --> 00:38:20.250 Dr. Saha, but at the moment we're going to hear from Nathan Rajamani. She's talking about wetland livelihoods in Kerala, in India. Livelihoods in peril. 213 00:38:20.580 --> 00:38:23.709 Do you have a Powerpoint to share anything? 214 00:38:23.860 --> 00:38:25.130 Nithin Rajamani: Yes, yes. 215 00:38:25.430 --> 00:38:27.640 go ahead. Then, thank you. 216 00:38:36.440 --> 00:38:38.640 Nithin Rajamani: Is my presentation disabled? 217 00:38:41.100 --> 00:38:43.830 This? Yes, it is. 218 00:38:43.890 --> 00:38:48.720 You could just make it. Yes, that's correct. Yes, yes, yes, yeah. 219 00:38:49.030 --> 00:39:02.010 Nithin Rajamani: So thank you. And very good morning to all from India. I'm I'm a I'm a doctor, and this is called A, and she also signs as Mumbai. So today here I am making a very brief 220 00:39:02.170 --> 00:39:17.859 Nithin Rajamani: and preliminary observations on my one component of my doctorate study the studies tightened as the livelihoods in peril is social, sociological analysis of impact of extreme events on wetland based livelihoods in Kerala, India. 221 00:39:17.990 --> 00:39:29.500 Nithin Rajamani: So just to give a background this called Wetlands is a Runser side in the Kerala State of India, in the southern part of India. 222 00:39:29.690 --> 00:39:33.770 Nithin Rajamani: So in this presentation, I basically 223 00:39:33.970 --> 00:39:41.130 Nithin Rajamani: addressing 2 questions. First, one is, how does extreme climatic events impacts livelihood practices? 224 00:39:41.190 --> 00:39:58.739 Nithin Rajamani: And the second one is, how does the extreme climatic events affect the natural relationship among and between actors in a complex, socially quality system. So we all know that the in the changing climatic and other contexts library communities are affected in multi-dimensional base. 225 00:39:58.770 --> 00:40:09.229 Nithin Rajamani: And most of the studies focus on this impacts mostly on a economic aspect. Then the nose to the assets, those to be as close to livestock as a friend, or 226 00:40:09.260 --> 00:40:38.359 Nithin Rajamani: but in this of paper I'm at, I am. I make an attempt to look at it in a sociological way. How does the the extreme events or a disaster. Events it's like the communities like your communities in their practices, in their rituals, everyday like you practices and the relationship or the interaction between and and and the different like you actors Who? Who 227 00:40:38.960 --> 00:41:00.300 Nithin Rajamani: who exhibit, or who correspond to varying interest and knowledge in their everyday life you practices. So the setting is as I said, the study was conducted in the cold wetlands of Trishu district in Kerala, or the southernmost State in India 228 00:41:00.530 --> 00:41:13.260 Nithin Rajamani: which is a Ramsar's side, and it is a complex social. We call it the system. So when I say it is a complex social a social ecosystem, I mean, in multi dimensional base. 229 00:41:13.260 --> 00:41:31.149 Nithin Rajamani: which includes in in terms of its ecological characteristics as well as the livelihood and social catastrophe. you can see the photographs from the field. The first one is the field or the wetland ecosystem during the agricultural phase. 230 00:41:31.150 --> 00:41:55.139 Nithin Rajamani: Well, agriculture is the in practice, and the second photograph is of the practicing that query which is another and library activity in the vetan ecosystem, and the third one is again of the agricultural activity were a primary sewing. The seed and the last big photograph is of a 2 fisherman who who is like 231 00:41:55.430 --> 00:41:57.349 Nithin Rajamani: grabbing the catch for the date. 232 00:41:57.370 --> 00:42:23.739 Nithin Rajamani: So in this wetland ecosystem, the for wetland ecosystem there are like 3 predominant livelihood activities. One is agriculture, second, one is fishing, and third, one is decreasing. So these livid practices makes the the customary arrangements between these communities. The the policies of resource, sharing access to resources and the institutional systems. For all these sharing and resource governing aspects 233 00:42:23.740 --> 00:42:43.809 Nithin Rajamani: make this ecological system, or socially calling the system a very complex one. And all these actors or these communities like your communities, have different values, knowledge and interest, for they into their livelihood activities. 234 00:42:43.920 --> 00:42:53.600 Nithin Rajamani: differing values and interest and knowledge regarding this revenue activities and the practices makes this wetland a very complex, socially technical system. 235 00:42:54.950 --> 00:43:21.129 Nithin Rajamani: So the context this particular wetland ecosystem has been subjected to recurring extreme climatic events for the last few consecutive years, especially in the years of 2,018 and 2,090 there was like Cvs flood affected this Wetland ecosystem. So this wetland being a Ecological sustainability is below mean sea level 236 00:43:21.130 --> 00:43:28.720 Nithin Rajamani: is subject to plugging every year, and it act as a flood line to 5 major rewards in the district. 237 00:43:28.730 --> 00:43:46.409 Nithin Rajamani: However, in the last few consecutive years the the wetland ecosystem has been subjected to C. We are pledging, which is like, not normal in other years, and there were like severe issues or a problem problems. To the 238 00:43:46.620 --> 00:44:08.899 Nithin Rajamani: so the context of this paper or this study is based on the livelihood risk uncertainties and vulnerabilities of this communities like your communities surrounded or based on, depend on this called wetland ecosystem. And I'm looking at the impact on library practices, social interactions and knowledge. as a result of this extreme climatic or weather events. 239 00:44:09.940 --> 00:44:26.769 Nithin Rajamani: So the metrology, the study is part of a larger ethnographic inquiry which adheres to a quality paradigm of inquiry. The major portion of the ethnographic and Very was held in between May 2,018, and September 2,019, 240 00:44:26.770 --> 00:44:45.470 Nithin Rajamani: when the 2 Cvs pled was happened. The first plan was in the year year 2,018, in the month of August, and similarly in 2,019, also in the month of July and August. The was like Cvia flood and other later activities events in the 241 00:44:45.870 --> 00:44:47.640 Nithin Rajamani: in the wetland ecosystem. 242 00:44:47.670 --> 00:45:04.159 Nithin Rajamani: So as as part of this study, I'm for focused on. I call Dt. Paradigm for the inquiry, and I was mostly focused on participant observation and interview techniques for data collection and whispering information from the community 243 00:45:04.330 --> 00:45:13.490 Nithin Rajamani: and thematic analysis of then and I. This was done manually, mostly based on the PIN notes. And in that it's and all of history from the field. 244 00:45:14.340 --> 00:45:33.769 Nithin Rajamani: So the key observations. I'm not presenting this as I like finding as of now, because I'm not going for a theoretical consultation of the observations at what now. So I'm sharing my preliminary observations. I would like to take comments from you for the for theorizing this particular observations. 245 00:45:33.990 --> 00:45:55.139 Nithin Rajamani: So I'm basically presenting 2 diagram studio or 2 conceptual maps to you The first one is This depicts the first round the blue rounds. The bigger round depicts the the socially called the good system as such, which encompasses 3 live dude communities in it. 246 00:45:55.140 --> 00:46:18.610 Nithin Rajamani: the first one, the green round, the small green round the circle depicts the agricultural community, and the second one, the blue one the pick, the official fishing fishing community, and the third the brown run depicts the that career in community. So these livelihood communities before the extreme climatic events or the flood happening. 247 00:46:18.610 --> 00:46:29.480 Nithin Rajamani: they were having a cordial and cooperative relationship among themselves and the small circles inside each of these circles 248 00:46:29.640 --> 00:46:54.560 Nithin Rajamani: that takes the actors who have differing knowledge. And in just within that community, for instance, if I take the first circle. The green circuit. There are, like other 3 circles inside this. so the green circle itself indicates a great agrarian community. Those who are like depending on agriculture for their live before, but with within that there are like 249 00:46:54.560 --> 00:47:15.380 Nithin Rajamani: groups which which depend on different different technologies, or they they pick represent differing knowledge systems or interests regarding agriculture as an ivory practice. Similarly, in the fishing and that creating activity also, there are, like communities some communities which they pick, or which represent 250 00:47:15.540 --> 00:47:39.739 Nithin Rajamani: a different knowledge and interest regarding their practices. So, for instance, if once a one subgroup a desk, this agricultural activity for their subsistence or their own consumption. Other community it does this for from sales sale, or for cop or or depend on portrait farming, so they they they pick and daily differing 251 00:47:39.950 --> 00:47:42.790 Nithin Rajamani: interest in their practice of livelihood. 252 00:47:42.800 --> 00:48:12.489 Nithin Rajamani: So this is the kind of relationship they had between the appearance of the extreme climatic event. But there was a kind of embedded relationship between these livelihood communities, and they were sharing the resources or they were having customary resource governing practices, and they were They were continuing this practice without the environment of any external agencies or any other external controlling agencies for these practices. 253 00:48:12.530 --> 00:48:37.379 Nithin Rajamani: So this kind of practices for resource sharing or for their relationship was existed between the communities before the flood or extreme climatic event. But when I now I move to the second conceptual map, where you can see the blue circle, the larger circle depicts the socially called ecosystem, the larger socially quality of system. 254 00:48:37.380 --> 00:48:50.779 Nithin Rajamani: But post the flood. There is like kind of conflicting relationship between the livelihood communities. They are no longer in that con very accordion and cooperative. Let's ship between the communities. 255 00:48:50.780 --> 00:49:18.339 Nithin Rajamani: But one thing you can notice in this is the kind of change that happened between in the relationship among the live your community. For for instance, if you take the agrarian community, as I said, the initial phase, there were like 3 different different The sub communities who who corresponds to different knowledge, values, and interest and the power equations were different. But now 256 00:49:18.370 --> 00:49:23.880 Nithin Rajamani: the post, the extreme climatic even, or post the flood. Well. 257 00:49:24.140 --> 00:49:43.010 Nithin Rajamani: these communities came together. They have, like they have, arrived at different or new new customary practices and guidelines and norms between them for protecting their resources, for for protecting their livestock. 258 00:49:43.090 --> 00:49:54.490 Nithin Rajamani: and to say that their livelihood activity from other livestock communities, for instance, on the fishing community, or from the declarative community. 259 00:49:54.490 --> 00:50:13.770 Nithin Rajamani: This is because the in their practices in the call wetlands. Ecosystem is based on seasonal calendar, and anything happens to the seasonal calendar will have a detrimental effect on their livelihood practices. So in order to save that they're on livestock, and they're on power 260 00:50:13.860 --> 00:50:28.550 Nithin Rajamani: domains or there on. Now in a knowledge domains the the larger communities, the agricultural community. They came together and started working in collaboration similarly among the fishing community and the 261 00:50:28.870 --> 00:50:53.590 Nithin Rajamani: decreasing community. Also, the actors within the livestock practice have come together, and they have started working, or they have started adapting to the extreme climatic, even as a group connectivity. But in the larger context, these 3 library communities are in conflict. They are in no longer in a customary or very cordial relationship. 262 00:50:53.590 --> 00:51:07.510 Nithin Rajamani: because of the changes that happen to the seasonal calendar, and the kind of changes that they had to make in their customary practices in order to save their livelihood practices and livestock. So 263 00:51:07.690 --> 00:51:27.209 Nithin Rajamani: this changes, the change can be observed in the other aspects also regarding their then the use of their traditional knowledge for adapting to the extreme primatic event, or their customary practices for access to the resources or in safeguarding their resources and all. 264 00:51:27.220 --> 00:51:43.219 Nithin Rajamani: So this is the kind of my initial and basic observation regarding the kind of impact that had on the this livestock communities in the cold Wetland ecosystem in in India and Kerala India. 265 00:51:43.220 --> 00:51:58.069 Nithin Rajamani: So the way forward for me is to strengthen the empirical enquiry particularly on this aspect. So, as I said, this is like a component of my ethnographic enquiry, so I need to strengthen the empirical inquiry, particularly on this aspect. 266 00:51:58.070 --> 00:52:11.879 Nithin Rajamani: and to deepen the analysis. And I need to see right the empirical observations, so I hope I could get comments from the my fellow passengers and the chair regarding how to go forward regarding this. 267 00:52:12.130 --> 00:52:17.040 Nithin Rajamani: So these are few of my references, and thank you. Thank you for your listening. 268 00:52:21.940 --> 00:52:27.710 Thank you, and we'll we'll bear your request for comments in mind for the end. 269 00:52:28.500 --> 00:52:45.320 Our next session was meant to be a focus on wildfires in Shonging Province in China, and we can't see Lu Fang hung online. But there may be some colleagues if you're there, and you were intending to present. 270 00:52:45.680 --> 00:52:47.960 Can you just tell us, no. 271 00:52:48.330 --> 00:52:56.310 okay. So we're going to move straight to Simon Lambert from the National Coordinating center in New Zealand 272 00:52:56.510 --> 00:52:58.609 and 273 00:52:59.730 --> 00:53:15.850 Chris as well, and they're going to present on inland and ocean indigenous relocations, forced and voluntary Gulf of Mexico and the Canadian prairies. 274 00:53:20.970 --> 00:53:22.680 Thank you. 275 00:53:24.180 --> 00:53:29.320 Where we've got this tag team going here. So thank you. 276 00:53:29.740 --> 00:53:35.690 First, I want to acknowledge the wonderful people of this area 277 00:53:35.750 --> 00:53:48.540 and also offer an apology for my complicancy in being part of the colonist, knowingly or unknowingly, in doing damage to this area 278 00:53:48.570 --> 00:53:51.320 of reaping the benefits thereof. 279 00:53:51.470 --> 00:54:09.439 And so I offer that as an apology. I also want to honor all of you and the organizers and my colleague Simon, and to my Sami ancestors that made it possible for me to be here to present at this time. So thank you all very, very much. 280 00:54:09.890 --> 00:54:12.050 we have 281 00:54:12.340 --> 00:54:18.930 a Powerpoint that's going to go ahead, and we're starting off with my friend Simon 282 00:54:33.930 --> 00:54:35.639 Altero, New Zealand 283 00:54:36.210 --> 00:54:50.180 everywhere else I'm a visitor everywhere else in Altaro I'm a visitor. here I'm a visitor. So a acknowledged the tunnel of of these lands just back, actually, 3 days ago, from 362 at Tree Herman of amate T. 284 00:54:50.230 --> 00:55:00.719 in Saskatchewan, on the prairies in Western Canada, where I've been a a number of things, including the National Coordinating Center role, was while I was in Saskatchewan 285 00:55:00.780 --> 00:55:04.469 for a a large Federal project. 286 00:55:04.670 --> 00:55:09.110 Looking at indigenous health, I originally started researching 287 00:55:09.780 --> 00:55:14.970 the impacts of disasters on urban Maori communities with the Christ's earthquakes, 2,011, 288 00:55:15.430 --> 00:55:23.069 and in the prairies and Canada. Now this picture from Northern Alberta 289 00:55:23.150 --> 00:55:33.560 still burning. Skies are still smoky, beautiful sunsets, but you know here in in Australia. where those sunsets are coming from, and 290 00:55:34.020 --> 00:55:38.649 probably the worst fire season I've had in Canada 291 00:55:38.890 --> 00:55:39.650 ever. 292 00:55:40.030 --> 00:55:46.699 and we all watch the summer to come in in Australia with a sense of foreboding. 293 00:55:47.020 --> 00:55:55.590 So earthquakes, tsunami, etc., different from wildfires and floods and all that. But for for our communities they're absolutely in 294 00:55:55.700 --> 00:56:01.379 the front line. So it's not a take-home message, but Just to reiterate. 295 00:56:01.660 --> 00:56:07.770 The fact that colonization has impacted negatively the livelihoods of indigenous peoples. 296 00:56:07.850 --> 00:56:22.149 I wouldn't say, from the very first day there were some rather interesting collaborations in alter or and other parts of of the indigenous world, but the disempowerment of our communities, the creation of risk. 297 00:56:22.750 --> 00:56:32.379 And when we talk of the resilience, say, of the New Zealand economy, the Canadian economy is built on the vulnerability of of indigenous 298 00:56:32.570 --> 00:56:36.990 people who have had that that sovereign right stripped. 299 00:56:37.280 --> 00:56:44.400 and then getting into some research themes that we'll talk about, but which we've also started looking into more dips 300 00:56:44.550 --> 00:56:52.050 in Canada at Pacific Islands in particular, but also alter or New Zealand around the indigenous world is this idea that 301 00:56:52.160 --> 00:56:59.529 we're going to have to move. We don't have to move. In fact, some of our communities are in the process of moving now. 302 00:56:59.700 --> 00:57:21.210 so we've gone through an enforced immobility if you look at the reserve system. In many parts of the world, but particularly what I'm talking about is on the prairies in Canada, where there was a past system where people were locked into very, very small parcels of land. Their livelihoods were very much impacted, as the livelihoods of settler colonists just boomed. 303 00:57:21.260 --> 00:57:29.730 And now we may be looking at forced mobilities where we see this in the Pacific. We're seeing this now on the east coast of the North Island of New Zealand. 304 00:57:29.750 --> 00:57:34.150 where communities are having to move and move a lot quicker than what people 305 00:57:34.520 --> 00:57:35.839 had hoped for. 306 00:57:38.410 --> 00:57:51.199 I was going to say boring facts about Canada. I love Canada, but it really has experienced some experiencing some pretty significant impacts from from climate change. 307 00:57:51.320 --> 00:58:03.719 And they're talking about an 8 degree, plus Celsius, 8°C, plus increase in in average temperatures in in Northern Canada. So you know the the permafrost up there that's under threat. 308 00:58:03.860 --> 00:58:20.550 We know that the coastlines are moving, and again moving very rapidly the little graphs where they have, like a a point 8 or 1.2 increase in the sea level rise every year, and you can kind of dismiss that like, what's a millimeter between friends. But that's not the issue. The issue is these, the one tides? 309 00:58:20.630 --> 00:58:36.100 the high impact events which, and again, the media so often portrays these one in 101 in 500 year, advance 1.2 This is not what's happening in community, and you know, but just to just to reiterate 310 00:58:36.600 --> 00:58:48.519 and on reserves, we see. And this is where the best data comes from for the Canadian Government. People! First, nations on reserve, 33 times greater chance of being evacuated from those wildfires 311 00:58:48.550 --> 00:58:57.490 18 times more likely to be evacuated because of any hazard 10 times more likely to die in a fire compared to off-reserve populations. 312 00:58:57.730 --> 00:59:02.369 So again, we look at this disastrous with disaster, risk, creation. 313 00:59:02.400 --> 00:59:06.769 the inability of these communities to express the sovereign right and where they live and how they live. 314 00:59:08.520 --> 00:59:16.359 and this idea of managed retreat. A couple of interesting reports out New Zealand on this from the Environmental Defense Society. 315 00:59:16.730 --> 00:59:21.890 a seventy-page report on some of the basics and some modeling, including 3 marty models. 316 00:59:21.930 --> 00:59:25.910 200 page report on how it's going to be funded. 317 00:59:26.000 --> 00:59:38.730 So I think that sort of. And and I mentioned that because funding these things is really starting to terrify governments around the world, some different terms for managed retreat. 318 00:59:39.010 --> 00:59:45.049 and how these are, excuse me how these are managed or mismanaged, as is another whole question for our communities 319 00:59:46.570 --> 00:59:56.660 and families, Farnow, are still displaced from cycling Gabriel, which was February and March. There was even flooding. In Auckland there were drownings in Auckland from flooding. 320 00:59:57.070 --> 01:00:02.770 So again, the things that the models have predicted for quite a few years now 321 01:00:02.840 --> 01:00:05.100 are starting to be represented 322 01:00:05.530 --> 01:00:20.759 in this on a research project, transforming indigenous emergency response in in Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, and Alberta, led by Dr. Lilia Yumoglova, an outstanding indigenous scholar originally from 323 01:00:20.910 --> 01:00:28.320 from the Soviet Union indigenous to she's Bashka. But now residents in British Columbia. 324 01:00:28.510 --> 01:00:36.079 just some of the quotes that we've got from our research there. I it to read through there while I have a glass of this water. 325 01:00:43.950 --> 01:00:55.780 so that rapid, you know. often hours, if less, if not less. notification to get out of your home. They're often evacuating people for wildfires from air quality 326 01:00:56.000 --> 01:01:07.059 generally not threatened by flames. In fact, the death from wildfires in Canada very, very low compared to Australia, but the movement of hundreds, if not thousands, of people. 327 01:01:07.370 --> 01:01:11.059 many of them re-traumatized from the residential school experience. 328 01:01:11.490 --> 01:01:20.229 Where they were forced by Rcmp. But the the famous, and in some contexts revered mounted police. 329 01:01:20.450 --> 01:01:26.020 actually a militia to to force the mobility upon indigenous people's 330 01:01:26.390 --> 01:01:27.550 in Canada. 331 01:01:27.630 --> 01:01:39.470 but that fear and the displacement and the speed with which people have to respond and react, the urgency in their lives which is compounding other agencies which they deal with on a on a daily basis. 332 01:01:42.480 --> 01:01:57.820 I'm saying a lot here, Chris, on it with your slides. So basically, the findings from us. And we put this together just today. so the findings. And again, you know, these are banal findings, right? Systemic racism. 333 01:01:58.100 --> 01:02:02.810 barriers to transportation, poor communication, the the jak and mood and service response. 334 01:02:03.100 --> 01:02:16.549 the end of every event. We do a report. This is to address the first thing we we must communicate better with impacted communities. And so really, we should really do that, we should use the technology. He's Facebook that it never seems to happen. 335 01:02:16.610 --> 01:02:21.339 People often do not know what's happening. And sure they're not on Facebook all the time. And 336 01:02:21.440 --> 01:02:29.169 and and they may not have phones. And it because there's all these things. The communication is getting really, really difficult, despite all the technology, it's just bizarre. 337 01:02:29.320 --> 01:02:38.880 E. C. 338 01:02:39.000 --> 01:02:45.049 One of the things we're we're looking at in this project is how to spirit 339 01:02:45.090 --> 01:02:50.809 individuals and community are cared for. doesn't translate automatically into Western 340 01:02:50.950 --> 01:03:03.160 categories of sexual identity and all that. So there is an issue for a start. But this idea, and again. lo and behold! Women and community do most of the work when it comes to evacuating. 341 01:03:03.210 --> 01:03:10.109 So translate that into how we're going to respond to this forced mobility from climate change. 342 01:03:10.300 --> 01:03:16.410 It's going to the burden is going to fall disproportionately on those who are already carrying a burden. 343 01:03:17.040 --> 01:03:23.790 We used to be mobile back in the day we can pick and choose. We had seasonal lives, and we had all these things. Lovely traditional lifestyles 344 01:03:23.910 --> 01:03:25.970 don't really like that anymore. 345 01:03:26.100 --> 01:03:32.920 That loss of sovereignty, loss of control. This is being framed as recolonization by our communities. 346 01:03:33.840 --> 01:03:43.850 Paper coming out shortly and led by Lily looking at First nations in Canada. My community is Mali and Al Theodore and the Dai 347 01:03:43.890 --> 01:03:57.680 Indonesia. Really interesting case study where they are looking at, relocating the capital city you move anything in. In almost all of the world, including parts of of Europe. You're actually moving people onto indigenous territories. 348 01:03:57.800 --> 01:04:04.190 I've said we're diverse. We've got Pacific Island communities being relocated on to other Pacific Island communities. 349 01:04:05.500 --> 01:04:16.280 different peoples. So I had this really interesting conversation with a kid of us representative who walked past me while I was sunny myself in the streets of New York. He was off to the UN. 350 01:04:16.360 --> 01:04:23.040 He was talking about security there. But we talked about climate change and sea level rise, you may not know, but 351 01:04:23.300 --> 01:04:30.019 the Kiribati government purchased is either 1,000 acres or 1,000 hectares. I suspect it gives in Fiji. 352 01:04:30.420 --> 01:04:46.139 Alright. So we've to. I asked him about that, and he sort of I thought, You know you know about. Yeah, I know all sorts of things, mate, on the Google. I research. I didn't. I research these things, but because it always sounds kind of ridiculous when you're talking to nice, ordinary people in the street. But 353 01:04:46.320 --> 01:04:48.880 He goes. We may own the land. 354 01:04:49.240 --> 01:04:50.729 but it's not our land. 355 01:04:50.920 --> 01:05:03.000 It doesn't make any sense in Roman law and Western law and all that sort of thing. But I knew exactly what he meant. You know what he means as well. So we've got the communities moving around, and they can have an agreement, a contract. The local people want to take that land back. 356 01:05:03.480 --> 01:05:09.129 They have in our world the right to take that land back. All right. That's showing charity. 357 01:05:09.350 --> 01:05:19.399 I say. You know we may own the land, but it is not our land. It it just. It's struck me as one of the most sort of profound, and yet again a very simple comment from 358 01:05:19.460 --> 01:05:24.710 indigenous individual. Hey, goodness, thank you. 359 01:05:25.250 --> 01:05:42.250 Well may I tell it over a beer in Minnesota, at an indigenous workshop. We were talking, and realized that the Gulf of Mexico, along the coast of Louisiana, and the indigenous folks that I live in and work with. 360 01:05:42.330 --> 01:05:57.120 and the folks that he works with the stories could be parallel, and what he just said ditto. And so He talked to Simon talked about some of the different kind of 361 01:05:57.340 --> 01:06:15.099 hazards that are from various different kinds of events that are climate related, and what I want to do is also add on to that. The layer that he touched on is the industrialization. 362 01:06:15.280 --> 01:06:36.149 And the folks that are in the tribal regions along the coast of Louisiana are more concerned about the industrialisation and being moved off from the global economic model than they are about climate change, because they have traditionally been very mobile people and can deal with that. 363 01:06:36.300 --> 01:06:48.389 And so Louisiana, for those who do not know. See all that kind of light area, that the whole area is a delta, which is Louisiana, that sticks out into the Gulf of Mexico. 364 01:06:49.350 --> 01:07:05.859 And so our land is disappearing very, very quickly. not so much from climate which it is, but it is from the industrialization, and I just have some of the different communities that are up there that are quickly going underwater. 365 01:07:06.150 --> 01:07:26.780 And reason for that is that you're benefiting, for with everything that's plastic around you for a major portion of all this. Area has 10,000 miles of canals cut through it for oil, gas. etc. This was from 1,999. Because if if we put up one night now, it just be all black 366 01:07:27.020 --> 01:07:28.959 and 367 01:07:29.060 --> 01:07:47.579 This is what we have throughout the whole part of the State. And so where are you going to move? Managed retreat? You're going to move into there, and you're going to allow people who did this to your area manage you for any kind of retreat? you know. no. 368 01:07:47.580 --> 01:08:03.909 So we've been fighting that whole concept of managed retreat. This man here Mr. Phillips, is a subsistence Fisher. He's also is very connected to the human and non-human life world of his tribe 369 01:08:03.910 --> 01:08:23.840 mit Ctl. And and wants to be a voice there for a very long time. So instead of managed retreat, we're looking at adaptation and adaptation in place very creative types of ways that historically, through traditions, there have been adaptation for place as as a decision, 150. 370 01:08:23.840 --> 01:08:38.389 So currently again. Why would you want this to be managed by these same people? The world's largest LNG plant is right next to Mr. Phillips's fishing area? 371 01:08:38.670 --> 01:08:43.000 This is being built right now, huge, huge, huge. 372 01:08:43.620 --> 01:08:56.669 and so I'm borrowing from a Ben Wizner who some of you may know of at risk. He talks about risk being hazards, times, vulnerability over capacity minus mitigation. 373 01:08:56.890 --> 01:09:04.470 Okay? But to indigenous this whole concept of Allah! dan wildcat! 374 01:09:04.490 --> 01:09:19.959 we're looking at violence equals hazards, the hazards that Simon talked about, the hazards I talked about over the kinds of socially constructed vulnerability, over the capacity of people. 375 01:09:20.320 --> 01:09:34.350 over the persistence and traditional ecological knowledge of the traditional people, minus mitigation, wisdom, and spirituality of the traditional people. 376 01:09:34.600 --> 01:09:47.170 And so To be able to combine the capacity which is not usually seen by the powers that be of the indigenous people, the wisdom, the historical knowledges. 377 01:09:47.240 --> 01:09:53.630 that can then bring to the healing aspect 378 01:09:53.750 --> 01:10:01.349 of the healing aspect of an area and the healing aspect of people. 379 01:10:01.460 --> 01:10:21.599 So these are the folks who I work with continuously. And in that adaptation we decided that we would start a video. So the southeast coast of Louisiana, a vital part of the State's natural defenses against climate change and home to an array of native American tribes. 380 01:10:21.740 --> 01:10:36.909 Now it's facing an existential threat. Over the past century. More than 35,000 canals were dug by oil and gas companies in coastal Louisiana. 27,000 of these man-made canals aren't used anymore and have been largely abandoned. 381 01:10:37.440 --> 01:10:48.249 The problem is that they were never filled back in those unused canals are causing more and more land along the coast to disappear beneath the waves. It's called coastal erosion. 382 01:10:48.330 --> 01:10:50.199 and it carries a heavy cost. 383 01:10:51.520 --> 01:11:07.870 The loss of vital marshes make the entire region more vulnerable to flooding. That's a literal life and death issue for many of the State's residents. and it poses a particular threat to the native American tribes who have lived on that land for hundreds of years. 384 01:11:08.750 --> 01:11:24.690 They're losing their homes, forms, fisheries, and sacred sites to storm damage and flooding the disappearing land is also devastating the local economy. The state, seafood, and tourism industry take in billions of dollars and employed thousands of people. 385 01:11:25.080 --> 01:11:39.519 Coastal erosion and climate change could force many of those businesses to close and send unemployment spiking. The danger doesn't stop there. Many native Americans rely on fishing, shrimming, and subsistence forming. 386 01:11:39.800 --> 01:11:51.760 If land continues to disappear, they won't be able to feed their families. Fortunately there's an inexpensive and low-tech solution filling the canals back in 387 01:11:52.140 --> 01:12:02.709 that allows the marshes to grow back naturally over time. It reduces the chances of flooding. It protects the native Americans who have lived on the coast for thousands of years. 388 01:12:02.760 --> 01:12:19.550 and all of it can be done for about 335 million the same amount the Pentagon spends on a single F 22 fighter, Jet. join us in the fight to fill Louisiana's empty canals and to protect the coastline now and into the future. 389 01:12:24.740 --> 01:12:28.240 So there are a number of questions come out of the work of 390 01:12:28.410 --> 01:12:40.149 of Lily and others. When we talk about relocating this, this idea of a managed retreat, of of simply a strategic getting the hell out of the way of harm. 391 01:12:40.540 --> 01:12:46.520 How can we do that without replicating all that indigenous communities have already experienced and are still experiencing? 392 01:12:46.870 --> 01:12:57.220 And how can we maintain this connection to our territories when we're not on our territories? So even just the the concept of urban martyr, 85% urban. 393 01:12:57.500 --> 01:13:08.539 my my father left the the community in the rural space, still a part of the community. You're just not living in that that space anymore. He did that when he was like 1415 years of age. 394 01:13:08.840 --> 01:13:24.379 we want to maintain that connection to land, and you mentioned the wisdom and the spirituality which is encapsulated in that that land. How can we do that when that land is starting to wash away? And governments are now saying, Well, look, you know you're going to have to move. The insurance company's been saying that for quite some time. 395 01:13:27.490 --> 01:13:33.240 and how can we take into account the intersectionality that takes place in our communities, I said, with diverse. 396 01:13:33.400 --> 01:13:37.690 Many of our communities are still fairly conservative. 397 01:13:38.580 --> 01:13:57.279 You're not necessarily always as safe as you might assume in your community. If you're choosing to have some sort of diversity thing going on, you, the older people sometimes roll their eyes. Not always take not all necessarily the elders, the my generation. But I rollers right? So how can we actually protect our young people 398 01:13:57.440 --> 01:14:02.630 who choose to have a different lifestyle from what is supposed to be tradition. 399 01:14:02.860 --> 01:14:11.279 which is often quite a Christian-framed lifestyle. And how can we improve the well-being of our communities in the midst of all this this 400 01:14:11.490 --> 01:14:15.910 movement, in this this theorem and hazard. 401 01:14:18.530 --> 01:14:22.270 Voila! 402 01:14:26.910 --> 01:14:34.610 I'll just like to invite Rene to come and sit up, and this time I thought we would start with the online 403 01:14:34.680 --> 01:14:39.809 participants. getting my trusty friend Tim. 404 01:14:39.980 --> 01:14:51.420 to see if there's any online questions before we open the floor up to, but nothing in the chat. But there might be someone who wants to actually ask a question. 405 01:14:54.950 --> 01:15:04.710 anyone in the online auditorium who'd like to ask a question before we throw it open to the floor here. 406 01:15:06.360 --> 01:15:07.140 What? 407 01:15:07.760 --> 01:15:24.380 Okay? All right. Well, look. We had quite a diverse number of presentations just to refresh you. The first one was litier, who from China talking about tropical cyclones and economic production. 408 01:15:24.710 --> 01:15:31.620 And then we had Rene, who's sitting here at the desk talking about businesses and livelihoods. 409 01:15:31.990 --> 01:15:38.540 and so back from Bangladesh, talking about Cyclone Aila 410 01:15:38.590 --> 01:15:46.030 and listen. in India, also talking about wetlands and livelihoods. 411 01:15:46.280 --> 01:15:55.230 And then our lovely, indigenous presentation. So I just like to invite you, if you want to ask a question to use the microphone 412 01:15:55.260 --> 01:16:05.680 so that the people online can actually hear what you're saying. So be brave and step forward. I'll have to put up with my questions. 413 01:16:06.890 --> 01:16:08.329 Yeah, go for it, Chris. 414 01:16:10.920 --> 01:16:16.950 So this is for you, Rene. you know you talked about 415 01:16:19.760 --> 01:16:21.270 communities. 416 01:16:21.390 --> 01:16:31.790 or individual businesses and organizations prioritizing. For example, you know, the milking shed and over the house which I get. 417 01:16:31.900 --> 01:16:46.279 I think one of the issues that we have for communities is that they don't in the general emergency management system, get to prioritize what's important for them. 418 01:16:46.320 --> 01:16:50.239 So one of our participating communities in the resilient village is 419 01:16:50.280 --> 01:16:56.799 There's a little bit of Angst because the Rf sheds got saved. 420 01:16:57.080 --> 01:17:11.510 And the local community said, well, the Government is going to pay to rebuild the Rfs shed. But our local community hall, our only piece of public infrastructure and social capital in our locality burnt down. And we're pretty 421 01:17:11.860 --> 01:17:14.730 paid off about that, basically. So 422 01:17:15.200 --> 01:17:16.269 over to you. 423 01:17:21.190 --> 01:17:39.959 Thank you, Chris. So yeah, I think it's I guess I don't see it as an either, or or whether you save the house or save the business, and I think it should. I think it should be up to individuals and communities to identify what's important. 424 01:17:39.960 --> 01:17:58.400 I alluded to Professor Aldrich before. I've been so grateful to have him as a volunteer adviser on our resume ready advisory group for 3 years, because I'm so passionate about social capital and the role that operating entities in communities can play, and having had him here for 4 months. 425 01:17:58.400 --> 01:18:22.909 on a Fulbright scholar. I have just absorbed everything that he has to say about social capital and social infrastructure, and I guess the question that I think you're asking me aligns to social infrastructure and the value that that has 2 communities and his social infrastructure includes the libraries, the places of worship. you know, the community centers, the halls 426 01:18:22.910 --> 01:18:46.819 and the social businesses and what we're trying to lead. And we're hopefully progressing. This in Victoria first. But then, you know, globally, of course, is to really identify the value of those social infrastructure places that lead to social capital evolution and really change the funding and the metrics 427 01:18:46.990 --> 01:19:13.140 around the funding for those places to have. I guess the return on investment and the quantifiable numbers that say our bridge has or a building heads. So my outcome dream is that you know, businesses are identified as core places for communities, and that includes halls and and 428 01:19:13.140 --> 01:19:42.349 libraries, and you know, places of worship. If that's relevant for the community, because we know that connect to communities, and more as an affluent community. So why are we not recognizing and investing in ways to connect people in places that connect people like? I'm sorry it's it's not, you know. It's not rocket science, and I'm not an academic, clearly but you know, it's the practical capabilities and the work that we're trying to do is really, I guess, taking Daniel's 429 01:19:42.440 --> 01:19:55.300 now taking Daniel's academic research and connecting it into policy and frameworks, but making it practical for the everyday person. So it shouldn't be a choice. It should be that 430 01:19:55.300 --> 01:20:12.920 community halls or the relevant place. And you know we've we've delivered some projects on Kangaroo Island and out West, which was absolutely decimated by the bushfires. The Caravan Park owner saved 250 lives like she is, and was a 431 01:20:13.320 --> 01:20:27.160 absolute running, bridging, linking tile leader, and he, in fact, led more and drove more than what the emergency services did no disrespect at all. But if the emergency services were connected into the role that she should could is would have played 432 01:20:27.250 --> 01:20:39.799 so. I think it's a a really exciting opportunity. And I guess when it comes to funding, we know that. I think 97% of funding in Australia. And I've heard the trends of global go into 433 01:20:39.970 --> 01:20:41.120 airports. 434 01:20:41.180 --> 01:21:00.459 Right? Ask me how. That's a disaster. Ready-funded project. But airports, you know, Bridges and I get it at 3%. Surely the people are more than 3%. So we've got a I'm not saying 50 50, but we'd certainly have to move the dial. So we're trying to bring the evidence base to support people and people. Infrastructure. 435 01:21:01.630 --> 01:21:04.510 Levison. Thanks, really. 436 01:21:04.900 --> 01:21:15.989 does anyone? Yes, please go for it. 437 01:21:16.340 --> 01:21:30.210 You like to tell us in the Us. Of the people online, David King, James Cook University? Just responding to the very final point made in the in the very last session. I teach my planning students about the retreat strategy. 438 01:21:30.270 --> 01:21:49.710 It's a tool that's available to planners and to authorities. It is not something which would ever be used by an authority to other people. It's not something which we can accept being done to other people. People have to make their own decisions as communities or individuals, whether or not to retreat or whether to adapt. 439 01:21:50.100 --> 01:21:50.840 Okay. 440 01:21:52.790 --> 01:21:53.570 you're good. 441 01:21:54.170 --> 01:21:59.400 fabulous. Thank you, David, nice to lay eyes on you. 442 01:21:59.690 --> 01:22:03.069 James Cook University is at the top of Queensland, so 443 01:22:03.330 --> 01:22:07.970 it's only by reading that we see each other. Please use the microphone 444 01:22:09.460 --> 01:22:11.859 you both in the as well. 445 01:22:11.910 --> 01:22:34.229 They had a yellow from the University of Delaware. This is mostly for Christina and Simon. We have seen many variations of the vulnerability equation you share. And Dr. Agira, back in 2,004, came out with an equation that it includes inaction as a factor of vulnerability. And now that you're talking about it, including the spirit and and whiteness of the community. 446 01:22:34.230 --> 01:22:47.239 my question is as a scholars, how can we begin to legitimize this important notions of community knowledge in the face of inaction and government economic structures that have legitimately claim ownership of the land. 447 01:22:48.800 --> 01:22:50.420 That's my question. 448 01:22:52.480 --> 01:22:57.199 First of all, you're asking how it can be a legitimized 449 01:22:57.230 --> 01:23:00.880 yeah. And I can start to recognize that as a scholars. 450 01:23:01.250 --> 01:23:09.880 I think these as scholars do work in the field, of including, in the people of wisdom. 451 01:23:09.890 --> 01:23:25.740 in the all the work, and including the people of wisdom, in the development of the project to be researched, so that there is a co-creation of knowledge that then bridges 452 01:23:25.740 --> 01:23:42.180 that which comes out of the academic vein, and that that comes out of the scientific wisdom vein of the community, and as it co-creates, some really wonderful things can happen. 453 01:23:42.260 --> 01:23:44.940 So I I I think I would put it up 454 01:23:46.830 --> 01:23:51.099 if it is a microphone in the universe. 455 01:23:51.560 --> 01:23:56.130 Good question. And, as I confess to Chris just before the session. 456 01:23:56.260 --> 01:24:04.800 I'm on Sabbatical from Saturday. But she also accepted it. A part-time position for the New Zealand Government ministry for the environment. 457 01:24:05.000 --> 01:24:06.930 chief science adviser Mali. 458 01:24:07.200 --> 01:24:13.340 So as New Zealand rewrites environmental legislation. it is an inaugural position. 459 01:24:13.860 --> 01:24:20.069 and I haven't worked for government before. So the interesting but part of that role, in fact, a significant part will be 460 01:24:20.200 --> 01:24:26.129 how do multi communities and the knowledge in those communities inform the 461 01:24:26.460 --> 01:24:27.330 policy 462 01:24:27.740 --> 01:24:34.279 because that knowledge is is localized and it can come down to a very small territory 463 01:24:34.350 --> 01:24:35.840 in the next 464 01:24:35.910 --> 01:24:52.980 community, over and in the next catchment, or upstream, downstream, or up the coast or inland, or wherever we'll have different knowledge. and it's not the one size fits all. It can't be universalized, and it frustrates the hell out of the scientists or some scientists 465 01:24:52.990 --> 01:24:59.949 who want this is to policymakers a policy that can be applied all over. 466 01:24:59.980 --> 01:25:01.410 It's not going to happen. 467 01:25:01.710 --> 01:25:14.639 It's politicized. We're going into an election in October, and for several months now some parties, sometimes the right one. Parties have chosen to. 468 01:25:15.000 --> 01:25:36.540 ask questions. I'm just asking a question. How does Martin and Amali inform? How do the metaphysical aspects of this. How does spirituality counter? So they're actually challenging a belief system and the wisdom and the spirituality. But it's also grounded in empirical knowledge of what happens in territory, what happens on the land and in the waters? 469 01:25:36.610 --> 01:25:38.950 There was a 470 01:25:39.430 --> 01:25:54.700 a letter written by 7 academics a couple of years ago, now published in the Listener, which essentially said. is, you know, it is not science. So we've actually had this this argument for 2 years. 471 01:25:54.800 --> 01:26:08.020 and I think it's a false argument. I think we're engaging in politics, not actually, not actually engaged in research and talking about knowledge and science. And we're actually engaging in politics. And scientists are terrible in politics. 472 01:26:08.400 --> 01:26:15.279 All right, Mal, you are actually really good at politics. the down into how long this plays out. So even my wrong. 473 01:26:15.760 --> 01:26:20.619 I'm working for the man. I'm working for the Crown, the colonizer. 474 01:26:21.090 --> 01:26:29.129 But I'm also, you know, you're a conduit, and you're actually a sounding board. And you're actually, you know, you're a part of a tribal system as well. 475 01:26:29.230 --> 01:26:39.189 So there's all these different things that play in. It's politics, and and the people who go and dismiss. Oh, that's the politics I'm like, yeah, that's that's how we're going to figure things out. 476 01:26:39.360 --> 01:26:42.810 So to get back to your question. 477 01:26:43.830 --> 01:26:54.439 We're often talking past each other when we're talking about knowledge. And so I think, sort of reframing it and understanding that we're trying to design the future. 478 01:26:54.580 --> 01:27:00.260 drawing on the past youth engagements. Fundamentally. So, it's another that's 479 01:27:00.870 --> 01:27:04.359 very challenging to some communities as well where 480 01:27:04.450 --> 01:27:16.130 you know, elders are revered rightly, and we're young not to learn, and I well, they learn a lot quicker than what they used to. They they're learning all the time. It's there in the palm of their hands, and that's exciting 481 01:27:16.140 --> 01:27:23.590 also challenges community to these gender issues. There's all these things involved. They too often default them to 482 01:27:23.770 --> 01:27:30.290 Western science versus indigenous knowledge. It's way more complex than them. But but it's really, really exciting. 483 01:27:31.530 --> 01:27:45.140 Don't quote me on any of that. When I work for the man. There was a a great presidential plenary on Monday that talked about Secularism. 484 01:27:45.210 --> 01:27:55.139 did you? Did you this? But it fascinates all communities, all people here in drawn to this discussion. 485 01:27:55.350 --> 01:28:02.130 Yeah, well, I think they were trying to work out how to incorporate the spiritual into the political. Yeah, it's interesting. 486 01:28:02.550 --> 01:28:03.450 Trisha. 487 01:28:07.170 --> 01:28:25.399 Hi, Tricia Watkinder from the University of Delaware. Chris, I want to really thank you for your example on Elder John Charles as much as I've heard you. And your colleagues talked about the issues that they faced over the years. The canal example was a new one for me. and I think sometimes the 488 01:28:25.560 --> 01:28:40.599 The gut reaction is inappropriate as it is, is for people to say, this is too big of an issue. What do what does a community want? This is too big, or even the dollar amount. And when it's 489 01:28:40.620 --> 01:28:44.700 put in the form of like, Yeah, that's just a fighter. Jet, it's like, well, that's 490 01:28:44.920 --> 01:29:08.259 that's not too big to really imagine. And as a Canadian, Simon, I'm wondering if there are any examples that come to mind on the Canadian front. that are similarly being put forth, either a process or a particular project that the communities that you are interacting with are trying to 491 01:29:08.260 --> 01:29:22.200 put on the table see? Recognized and sort of a side question. If there's any debate on that, because I think inappropriately, sometimes people have this dichotomy of 492 01:29:22.690 --> 01:29:35.190 indigenous people and sort of like lump that in a particular group without recognizing that there's a huge diversity in viewpoints. There are different tribes, and 493 01:29:35.320 --> 01:29:56.829 and people don't necessarily agree with each other, just like if we sort of imagine that dichotomy people don't necessarily agree on on this side. So kind of thinking about that. That debate and having just one person at the table doesn't necessarily recognize all indigenous viewpoints for an entire country. 494 01:29:57.010 --> 01:30:03.799 One thing that is happening so Dr. Robert Henry, from the University of Saskatchewan. I think he's sticky tomorrow 495 01:30:03.950 --> 01:30:09.640 he's been working in the mighty governance space looking at 496 01:30:10.570 --> 01:30:11.860 data governance. 497 01:30:11.890 --> 01:30:18.210 So one of the projects brought multiple projects on down to governments and data sovereignty are taking place. 498 01:30:18.290 --> 01:30:25.970 And they said she also gets back to the earlier Christian. There have a protect knowledge, intellectual property. 499 01:30:26.110 --> 01:30:43.189 and it's not just stories and that. But I mean, we still have communities, community members having blood taken from them in the streets by by researchers. And so we're talking effects. We're talking, and the universities are really nervous about it. So if you take the indigenous box. 500 01:30:43.490 --> 01:30:46.530 you go through another whole process which we've asked for. 501 01:30:46.850 --> 01:30:55.039 and now it actually makes it more onerous for indigenous research to take place. So now there's kind of this. It's a pushback, but it's like, you know, to be here for what you ask for. 502 01:30:55.050 --> 01:31:13.059 So we now have more oversight on indigenous research. We we are concerned about sovereignty. We have. So the reconciliation process in Canada many, many non-indigenous researchers are supporting. That just makes all these things much harder to do. And if you are non-indigenous and you're doing non-indigenous community with me, and 503 01:31:13.220 --> 01:31:15.659 and I think and it seems to be quicker and easy. 504 01:31:15.940 --> 01:31:23.880 again, all the peoples are different. So the 3 major, the 3 people's aboriginal people in the Constitution of 505 01:31:24.190 --> 01:31:25.140 of Canada. 506 01:31:25.260 --> 01:31:35.029 First nations Mentee, and then we have their own data governance structures now. So yes, the diversity. Then you go to each community, certainly for first nations, and and Saskatchewan. 507 01:31:35.420 --> 01:31:37.990 each for one hip control over their own 508 01:31:38.000 --> 01:31:43.759 intellectual property, and have their own governance models, and how to scale up. 509 01:31:43.920 --> 01:31:50.359 Where are things relevant and all that? I mean, Canada's got some wonderful stuff going on and probably cutting edge in that database. 510 01:31:50.790 --> 01:31:54.339 Mighty data sovereignty. We've got some models out there. It's 511 01:31:54.970 --> 01:32:01.249 so I can't remember your original question. But I got excited about talking about the governments, and because. 512 01:32:01.300 --> 01:32:06.250 you know, with. You know it's everything we've been talking about is that 513 01:32:06.400 --> 01:32:11.320 now, if it's sourced from indigenous territory. So one of the arguments and in the 514 01:32:11.390 --> 01:32:13.120 even sale item entry. 515 01:32:13.460 --> 01:32:17.330 You take an image of the altitudes, sounds. 516 01:32:17.530 --> 01:32:20.540 you know. Try and do a a tricky mouse. 517 01:32:20.760 --> 01:32:28.990 Anything that some some lawyer will tell you. That's not your image. You can't use that. You don't allow me. So, starting to look at the 518 01:32:29.100 --> 01:32:32.629 of anything that can be digitized. 519 01:32:32.790 --> 01:32:38.720 anything that can be repatriated from the museum on it. Communities are now fully and not necessarily all. 520 01:32:39.670 --> 01:32:41.350 But I'm asking, well, it's 521 01:32:41.680 --> 01:32:47.490 not yours, so it's not yours. Why the hell are you why we're listening to you. Tell us about it. 522 01:32:47.550 --> 01:32:54.250 So, starting to have those quite difficult conversations. then ownership of of knowledge 523 01:32:54.430 --> 01:32:59.450 and a man of units. If you're a good researcher. 524 01:33:00.170 --> 01:33:12.410 what's the issue? There should be no issue with that. It's immediately it's me to be taking knowledge and stuff into these places. So that's the first step that was on, and then empowering young people and getting some training and getting them 525 01:33:13.110 --> 01:33:28.490 younger researchers coming through. It's a young person's going. It's hard work to get out there in research. But in the travel is killing me. So it's so that, you know, getting more trained researchers, but also community-trained community members 526 01:33:28.740 --> 01:33:47.340 trained enough and research to ask the questions. They're only a Phd. Only in a masters. But but questions who answer data? Where's the IP agreement when having you feedback results and findings, and and then the language that is fit in. So all those sort of questions anyone can. 527 01:33:47.450 --> 01:33:49.020 So they also makes it 528 01:33:49.230 --> 01:33:53.859 of research on notice. See a lot of that happen now 529 01:33:54.370 --> 01:33:58.940 and then in Canada. We've got the whole pretendian thing, which is another whole debate 530 01:33:59.320 --> 01:34:03.520 in another environment space. But essentially, if I didn't before 531 01:34:04.470 --> 01:34:07.239 deeming to be indigenous and taking that space. 532 01:34:08.100 --> 01:34:12.370 yes, they asked me if it happened in New Zealand, and I was like. 533 01:34:12.520 --> 01:34:17.370 we're very small in these of them. But maybe 534 01:34:18.230 --> 01:34:22.220 thank you. So Does anyone else have a question? 535 01:34:23.240 --> 01:34:31.210 I've got a quick question just to draw in the folk online for cedar. Are you still there? 536 01:34:32.990 --> 01:34:33.870 He's 537 01:34:34.570 --> 01:34:46.109 he's on. He's unmuted. just just because I did visit some regions on the coast after cyclone Aila had here. 538 01:34:46.340 --> 01:34:57.019 and I just wondered when you were talking about indigenous coping strategies. You didn't specifically mention families where the household head 539 01:34:57.160 --> 01:34:59.189 had perished. 540 01:34:59.460 --> 01:35:17.270 So, leaving women and children without a male leader in in a community that really relied on the male head to negotiate with the outside world. I wondered if you could just comment on that. 541 01:35:18.410 --> 01:35:19.910 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: No? 542 01:35:20.050 --> 01:35:21.580 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: Oh, thank you. 543 01:35:21.990 --> 01:35:28.520 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: yeah, I didn't specifically mention, but actually 544 01:35:28.600 --> 01:35:36.880 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: when they interviewed housing ads. It doesn't mean they only mail houses, heads, but also like female-headed houses 545 01:35:37.190 --> 01:35:42.300 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: and the also included all types of houses. 546 01:35:42.310 --> 01:35:51.440 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: Yeah, they had more challenges like the S. there were no job opportunities at the time 547 01:35:51.540 --> 01:35:55.830 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: with Ngos and government. 548 01:35:56.940 --> 01:36:08.010 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: recruited people for like cash for work or food for what programs then? they actually included those houses. 549 01:36:08.260 --> 01:36:10.440 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: and 550 01:36:11.150 --> 01:36:18.610 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: always. by Ngos, those houses like those work. Available houses are included. 551 01:36:18.800 --> 01:36:22.859 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: even if the houses did not have any main members. 552 01:36:23.060 --> 01:36:29.550 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: They received, like many fifths equal to other houses. 553 01:36:32.570 --> 01:36:33.709 Thank you. 554 01:36:34.010 --> 01:36:34.790 Dr Sebak Kumar Saha: You. 555 01:36:35.770 --> 01:36:39.569 Do we have any other questions? We want an early mark. 556 01:36:40.920 --> 01:36:50.750 Okay? Well, look, I just want to say how much I appreciate each of you giving your time to come and participate, present and be involved. 557 01:36:50.870 --> 01:36:59.470 We have another session this afternoon. If you're interested in coming back to Rc. 39 sociology of disasters. 558 01:36:59.480 --> 01:37:11.990 We're looking at displacement, migration, and relocation. So it's really a follow-on of this theme in some respects. So we'd welcome you to come back 559 01:37:12.100 --> 01:37:19.490 and thank you. Enjoy your lunch, break your extended lunch break. 560 01:37:19.620 --> 01:37:20.889 Thank you.