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 national agreement and the national target and the national policies. Yeah, such a law of national government is very important, of course.

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But recently, I I think the role and the impact of non-state actors a

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growing and growing.

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So in this session we have a

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 So

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6 speakers today, and each speaker

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 have 15 presentation.

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And after the

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we a Q&A session. Okay? So the first speaker is. you, Sanji, from South Korea. priests Sanji.

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Okay? Oh.

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good morning.

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Yeah. My name is sung in noon. I'm professor as the National University actually graduated with group environmental studies.

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it is the last day and morning session, so I didn't expect many audience. But beyond my expectation, we have some number of people here. I'm very glad. Yeah. My presentation title is, what should a successful climate governance be like implication and lessons from the 2,050 Carbon Nutrition Commission in Republic of Korea? Actually, this session, the focus is given to non-state the actor.

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But my study background is we need a governance approach in climate response. because the national greenhouse gas emissions, production target, so called, the nationally determined the contributions. And this is

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show the country's recognition and attitude about its responsibility and role in the international context of a climate change response while it gives the impact on its economy and people's daily life. Thus it requires reflection of diverse stakeholders, opinions, and positions by opening the way to participate in decision making processes, otherwise it causes

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social conflict and policy in compliance. While reducing the expected policy effect. In summary, it is critical to take a governance approach in which diverse stakeholders are involved and participate. So my study concern is.

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how was climate governance? Implemented by the first 2,050 carbonate rate Commission concerning the establishment of it to 2,030, and DC. Can it be considered a success? Why or why not

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actually.

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his research method is auto-ethnopography, because I myself was the co-chair person of the 2050 carbon nutrit commission. So I

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had chances to observe and experience the period of covenants and activities and interactions within the spring governing body. That was the spring governing body in Korea. So the researcher was an observer as well as a participant of climate governance. So my research questions are, how should the 2,050 N. Disease be determined? And by whom?

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How was the decision-making process in Korea who were involved or who were allowed to participate in the 2,030. And this upgrade process was the environment appropriate.

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How should consensus be achieved in a governance body? What is the appropriate behavior for participants who disagree with the outcome of a consensus?

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Actually, because of short of time. I cannot give you long. History or the aspect of Korean. Greenhouse gas emissions, and Energy consumption! But I just say in terms of C. Ot. Emissions. Career ranks number 9 in the world, and its shoot emissions from 90 90 90 to 2818 was 2.7 times increase

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in terms of greenhouse gas emissions. Korea ranks number 11 in the world, and it's closed that it. greenhouse gas emissions. during the same period increased 2.5 times a lot.

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And you can see here the energy balance flow of South Korea, because energy account for around 87% of total greenhouse gas emissions. So it is the essential and critical sector.

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Or

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this is the this slide that shows you if

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Korea

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achieve the net 0 or the carbon neutrality by 2,050. What kind of pest we should take? Actually, the carable should not like the linear path, but usually not even not in Korea. Maybe most countries just

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light line, linear line. So you can see the red curve. That was the real emission path. Actually, our target in 2,020 was 543 million tons of greenhouse gas emissions. But it was not achieved actually

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100 million tons more, emitted in 2,020. But fortunately our emission went Forward from 4, from 2,018 Especially because of COVID-19. The

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decreasing rate was very deep in 2020, but unfortunately our emission went up in 2020 for 2021, but still it is less than 2,018. But anyway, our initial 2,030 N. D. C. Was

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26.3% from 2,018. When we adopted the Paris agreement, it was the submitted.

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But Finally, our target was set as 40% reduction from 2018. It is more than 4 million 4,000,036.6 million tone. But you can see here, as I mentioned that the energy sector emits The most, and then Manufacturing industry. But anyway, if we achieve the total target.

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every sector has its own emission reduction target.

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So which sector should be reduced to endopy? How much? Who should decide, and on what basis this decision making process is bound to embark a conflict.

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But anyway, we made the delegation based on scientific evidence, and we concerned about the Koreas, the

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the manufacturing industry is a high share, something like that. But anyway, it was improved. From 26.3 to 40. So, compared to the other country, it is not much, but in terms of annual reduction rate. It is very steep, so it is very, very difficult.

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and this is the way we have taken. So

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the Former President Moon, Jae-in announced, Declared the 2015, that 0 in October 2020, and The governing body was established may 2020 first, and we work on a carbon neutrality scenario established month and 2,030, and this upgrade by the end of October, and it was a

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in 2,020 November in Glasgow, so we had a very short time period. It is a very critical time.

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and this so I showed you the competition of the 2,050 Cavanaugh Trade Commission, as you can see here, it includes 18 ministers and 77 much more. Governors! Commissioners from city members, so it includes the right side academians, experts, industry members and labor union and farmers, association representatives from the Labour Union and families, Association and civil organization, youth, group and local government.

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So originally it was a 77 Members Commissioners.

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and this is the organization operating mechanism of 2,050 Cnc. There were the whole commission and the just the below Steering Commission, and the Sober Commission and the commission of expert group, and it has a 2,

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a very important body. One is the citizen that comes for carbon neutrality, another is the conservative bodies. So those 2 bodies are prepared to

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oh.

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collect people's opinion. Labor people are lay lay people's opinion and special stakeholders, boys.

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So this commission? It is composed of 8 subcommission, and as a co-chair person. I asked.

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All subcommittee should be open to every commissioner, so any commissioner can.

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and participate in any other subcommission they can hear, and they can make their voice there, even though they do not have a voting right in other commission. But anyway, it was very transparent and open, and there was an expert group, because climate change is has very scientific aspect. So we need to have a scientific

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evidence. So we asked experts to be a part of the expert group, and we had 8 Expert commission. And this is the Citizen's Council of carbon neutrality. It is composed of

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lay people more than 500, and

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in Korea. Actually, if we have some public engagement body. Usually the 80 level is 19 years old over, but at this time we lowered. The entrance. Ag, that was 15 years old. Why?

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Because climate change is a very serious problem to use group and the future generation. So we load the age, and we selected the people random.

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So samples, but we consider the geographical and the sandal ag it it. It gives representativeness to them.

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So this process, and what is the role of a 2,050 Cnc.

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It is a deliberation body.

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So if the Government to submit, drift over 2050 carbon neutrality scenarios and the 2030 up upgrade. We review and deliberate, and made the final decision and suggest to the government and the government to finally decide, and that is the process.

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So you know. Originally the government submitted the to draft for 2050 s. Carbon neutrality scenario one and 2. But we thought it was not enough, so we added the scenario 3, and that is the purely net, general. So you can see. There differences between

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but one tool was developed by the Government. But what was the response from the society.

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from the civil society? Why did you put

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now

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there? Because, you know. Scenario one Delo, is coal. What is you put in? Do you have a sincerity to have on that 0 or not, or from the industrial sector?

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Are you mad? Do you think, Jennifer? achieved something like that? So you know, very extreme sight.

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So I myself Wrote an article and made a lot of interviews, and you can see their polar appetite angles of looking at carbon neutrality. I wrote that article by myself. You can see the civil society stop the show.

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I didn't make the show. I was very sincere in participating, but they are under

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address. My position and my sincerity. But anyway. Why we put scenario one? Because, you know, scenario means we need it, or this is desire. That is not the meaning. If we take such kind of pest. What kind of desert such a kind of consumption? What kind of reserve we will have? So it means, if we include cold, we cannot

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that achieve a carbon neutrality within ourselves domestically. So we cannot take a scenario one that was the purpose. But anyway, and you know, commissioners from News Group.

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the youngest one was a 20 years old. It was the first time in our history. Let them participate in this governing process. It was a forest. There were Around the 6 young people it was new one new approach, but the youngest

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design from the 2,050 Cnc. Why, he she said it was just already fixed. There is no room for me to be engaged. But it was not true. But anyway.

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she wrote an email to me. So, I answered, after delivering my and I heard from Sundj. No, the low part. I respect your decision to rejoin, and let's do our best in our respectable position for carbon neutrality. There was no way for me, not Other than, and the the right side

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for commissioners from Lisa's group. There they were representative from religious group. They all. They also resigned

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so.

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But anyway, we should take our role or play our role. So we opened the all process to the public. So we had online debate and open discussion. So we so collected the people's voice. And this one we had feedback. energy, industry, energy party and hydrogen lateral items. And I asked them to

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submit their statement opening. So we uploaded that open statement on our website. So everybody can see what kind of a position was taken by each group.

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So more than 90 Groups submitted 94 groups, and concerning the citizens Councillors, citizens, council for carbon neutrality, even though we had the 4 times or the learning process.

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Their position was not much progressive. You can see their willingness to pay for increased electricity. Fee was not strong enough.

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and when they were asked to stop selling combustion engine cars they just a step back because of just the transition. They worried about the labors so they don't think. first they said the 2030, but they maybe stepped back 20 35, or after 3 times Or 4 times the running process.

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But anyway, we had our Framework act on carbon neutrality and green growth. The Financial Assembly. That act required

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2,030, and this upgrade should be over 35% reduction from 2,018. So through that process, we decided 40%. And we had a general meeting of the 2,014, 2,015 Cnc. With our President. And he announced.

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so what happened.

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even though through that process, extreme opposition, domestic reactions to carbon nutrition scenarios, and the 2,030 N. DC. And a very different response from forwarding reactions. You can see there. When we had a general meeting there was a demonstration just in front of the building. Yeah, I'm sorry. So

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this is the current government position, even though the target was kept just maintained. But they changed the sectoral reduction target and more nuclear power, less renewable energy, and no news group in Commissioner.

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So I'm sorry. So this is my last slide or significance of the decision-making process of 20 third N. D. C. Upgrade from the perspective of governance. More stakeholders and representative citizens were included, especially youth group were included, and the labor and the farmers were included, and local government too, and in spite of extreme opposition from some civic religious organizations and industry, a consensus was made among participant.

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Despite the losing changes, the sector target had changed, but the 2030 N. DC. Itself has not? It was maintained, but questions remained. The climate change demands a more aggressive 2030, and the C. But what if the level of consensus of a covenant actors a short for short of that demand.

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the climate change crisis is becoming more serious? But

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should we understand that the response of a Savior society varies. It is depend depending on the ruseum and the governor's participants, who belong to a group participate as representative of their group. Not as a individuals do they act properly? That was the the questions I Still have. Thank you so much.

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thank you very much.

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It was a real participatory observation within the very important critical commission. thank you very much. Yeah. Next speaker is Takashi.

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Okay? How everyone I'm Takashi Nakataba from Japan, and here it's my cota, Taty Ptolemy. And today we are going to talk about how Neat to periodic correlation by 2,050

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spread among the Japanese local government and the national government.

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So background with subnational governments, a crucial non state actor for mitigating climate change, and in Japan. Increasing numbers of local governments have declared needed 0 carbon emission goals by 2050 to support the globally shared 1.5 degree target under the Paris agreement.

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Look at this graph well. The blue paragraph shows the number of declarations by Mount, and the red Line graph shows the cumulative proportion of such a declaration.

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The very fascinated articulation was made by Yamanash Prefecture. In March 2,009.

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However, the diffusion of this declaration began with the Declaration by Kyoto City in May 2019, which was followed by Tokyo Metropolitan Government and the Oklahoma City.

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and by the end of March 2023, a 934 local government declared, which account for around half of local government in Japan.

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and this spread of declarations by local governments collectively led to the National Government's decision to make its own declaration in October 2020, and this decision then related to the rate of the Mediterranean reduction target in April 2021 up to 46% by 2020, 2030.

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So this spread of declaration across local government and the national government may indicate a paradigm shift in domestic climate governance of Japan.

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Conventionally, Japan lacked ambition in climate change policy until now, prioritizing feasibility and consensus with industry.

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However, the adoption of needed to emission target for 2050 at both the national and sub-national level marks the shift toward the back-testing style, approach it, breaking away from the bureaucratic culture of incrementalism.

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So our question is, how and why do you need to deal with declaration spread across Japanese local government and national government?

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So the objective of this research research it to elucidate the mechanisms that drove this tiny point in domestic climate policy, a based on theory from the literature, on pollution, policy, diffusion.

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and to investigate the dynamic process by which mutual interactions across national and sub-national governments are particle diffusion and diffusion across the local government's horizontal diffusion throughout the diffusion of unnecessary targets across Japan.

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So we conducted a case study on Canada Prefecture

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Canada. Prefecture has a population of over 9 million and is located close to Tokyo, and has one of the largest industrial areas in Japan.

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The Prefecture had Turkey for local governments, including the Canada Prefectural Government

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in Kanagar. Prefecture Yokohama City declared net 0 emissions in June 2019, which is one of the earliest in Japan.

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In total 8 municipalities declared before the National Declaration. In October the twentieth 20,

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and out of the end of March 2,02329 out of 34 local governments announced it to their emissions declaration, which account for approximately 80%.

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We conducted case studies on 9 cities and the kind of Canada prefectual government they obligated to formulate plants to cooperate with climate change policy, and they co-operative of local government. In the timing of the Declaration.

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such as top branded in our case, Yokohama city

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as a city declared at the earliest period in Japan. and then are the adopted in our case, Ottawa City, Canada, prefectural Government, Kawasak City, and the Sagamara City.

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They declared before the declaration by the National Government. and later adopted

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well their municipalities that are declared after the national Government. In our case, Yokoska city Arts and the Chagasaki city are categorized, as you know, later adapted.

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And finally, we have luggage.

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like as the municipalities that have declared after the National government announcement of a 46 military reduction target in April 2021.

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Okay.

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so our research myths of the document, Fab and the semi-structured interview with the 10 local governments and the Ministry of the Environment.

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Okay, let's move on to the result. So what drove the spread of need to 0 declarations by local government and the national government.

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Let's look at the Yokohama City as a national top runner.

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Well, the city has been well known for its commitment to environmental policy. And this the city has been selected at an environmental future city and an esteated future city by the national government.

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and it has paid close attention to global trends through international intercity networks. The city joined international intercity networks such as C. 40 and Cnc. A. And had paid closer tension on trends in EU cities, such as the Paris and the Frankfurt, which had already declared native-gery mission at the time.

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Well for the Okama City. It is part of a strategy to increase the city's global presence, to accelerate innovation in industrial structures and the lifestyles and attract to global companies and investment because the decarbonization is becoming to the global trend.

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And this declaration by Oklahoma City drew attention from the National Government, from the Minister of the Environment.

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Then Environmental Minister Shinjilo Koisumi paid attention to needy dir declaration after seeing your commit declaration was praised at the 2019 UN. Climate Action Summit

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and at Cop 25 in December 2019, she failed to express the national commitment to change Japan's coal fired power policy and

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couldn't set ambitious additional reduction targets.

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Instead, he emphasized the needed declaration by local government as an ambitious action to a decarbonization on going in Japan.

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Furthermore, prior to Group 25, he had been encouraging local government to make articulation.

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Furthermore, after the Cop 25, at the end of December 2019, the Ministry of the Environment sent a message to a local government calling for Jennifer theoreticalulation.

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then we have already adopted.

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Well, they are also known for its commitment to environmental policies.

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and 6 of the 8 local governments were, including the Oklahoma city that declared before the National Government established future cities.

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and we found another interesting factor. Which it? The influence of typhoon damage in 2,019,

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in September and October 2,019. Powerful typhoon hits Japan in particular, typhoon number 19 caused extensive damage in Kanaka prefecture, including 9 people killed or missing, due to river overflows and a land of light

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Canada prefectural government, Kawasak City and Sagamihara City took the Typhoon damage in this year as a direct opportunity to make declaration.

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Well, the increase of local declaration led to the National Declaration in October the twentieth 20,

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then Prime Minister, Yoshih Desiga, announced a declaration to achieve necessary missions by 2,050

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and 166 local governments had already declared before the National Declaration

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and Shinjilo Koesami, then the Minister of the Environment. He said he intended to encourage national declaration by expanding declarations among the local governments.

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and this national declaration led to the further increase of local declarations.

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Well.

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at the late adopted. Here you can see the impact of the National Declaration and the correlation of other municipalities.

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municipalities that have declared after 2021 has been greatly affected or influenced by the national declaration.

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and they kept a close eye on trend in other municipalities.

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In other words, they the declaration, because the national government, other municipalities are declared.

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and we found Hottard made them hesitate to make the correlation. Until then one need a doubt on feasibility.

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For example, at theicity. It's a typical case. The city had hesitated to make a declaration because of the difficulty to show a concrete roadmap to activate the dimensions by 2,050.

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And another interesting reason is the construction of a new qualified parkland. In the case of Yokosc City.

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the city officials said, well, they had hesitated to make a declaration because there was a a new co-fired Parliament under construction in the city. Well, because this

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project attracted much of criticism in and out of the city, so it's very politically controversial. So they didn't want to make the Declaration associated with this political controversy. That's why they hesitated to make declaration.

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and finally, we have luggage.

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Well, they had a strong doubt on feasibility. They were very cautious and questioning the effectiveness and the practicality of achieving needed remissions by 2050,

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and they recognized that it is easy to make a declaration, but it needs to be supported with a concrete roadmap.

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And also they recognize that net 0 missions are impossible without technological innovation and the structural changes of the industry which it.

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they say, you know, out of their reach or beyond their capabilities.

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That's why they made a declaration after the Government showed more concrete, you know. roadmap to achieve need to 0 by 2050.

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Okay, let me summarize. And the conclude. Well, we found different copies of declaration at different periods

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as photobranets, such as you know a Yoama city. Well, it's very well known for its prior commitment to environmental policy and paid close attention to global trend through international interest in networks, and it declared as a strategy to increase the city's global presence

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and Ari, adapted in our case are also known for its commitment to environmental policy, and some of them made the correlation in response to the typhoon damage in 2,019,

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and as for later adopted, we found the influence of the national calls and declaration, as well as articulations by other local government

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and the luggage. They had a strong doubt on feasibility of achieving a necessary mission by 2050. So didn't make a move before the Government showed a concrete roadmap to achieve needed to remissions by 2050.

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Okay.

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So in this research, what we found is the linkages for vertical and horizontal diffusion.

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Top planets, such as the Oklahoma city is connected with global intracity networks, and strongly influenced by such a network to make a declaration.

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And you come with sticulation, drew attention from the National government.

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and the National Government called for local declaration at the end of 2,019,

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which lead to declaration by Ali, adopted, together with the influence of a strong typhoon damage in 2,019, and this increase of local declarations, at least partially to the declaration by the National Government in October 2020,

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and together with this National Declaration, later adopted, made a declaration following international declaration and declaration by early adapters.

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and this further increase in the local declarations.

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Marx does a kind of pressure on municipalities or local government which had not declared until that time like us.

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and together with the influence of national announcement of a 46 reduction target, which was also a direct result of the addition of the National Declaration in October 2020.

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So the

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the spread of needed the articulations across Japanese local government and the national government.

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This kind of in declaration spread through these linkages of vertical and horizontal diffusion.

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Okay, let me conclude.

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Well, maybe you can say it's the criticization itself is merely an obstructive statement of a long-term goal. However, we found that many of the declared municipalities in Canada Prefecture in our case reached the meantime of target.

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Following the declaration.

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of course, it is necessary to examine how and feather the needed theoreticalization of the National and the local government had

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substantively affected climate change are policed in local and national level. for our future research.

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Okay, that's all for today. So thank you for your attention.

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thank you very much. A Takashi! A. He clearly analyzed.  the declaration

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of 2,050 zero-carbon city a

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hey? Bye, hey? Top runners and

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audio adapters, late adapters and records, and spread the effect between a

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municipalities and particle, a national government policy and a local government policy. Yeah, very interesting.

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And

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today a sad speaker.

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he a present in remote

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never know.

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Yes, yeah. Go ahead.

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Carmit Lubanov: Okay.

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Carmit Lubanov: thank you.

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Carmit Lubanov: Okay. Hello. Everyone. Good morning for me. It's the middle of the night. Why, it's running

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Carmit Lubanov: My name is Kami Tobano. I'm in Israel, but I'm representing a a new center category center that established in Bristol, with aim to work with policymakers in the EU and the European level.

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Carmit Lubanov: And

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Carmit Lubanov: can you for the next, I cannot change it.

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Carmit Lubanov: Can someone go to the next

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who was doing

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to the

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Carmit Lubanov: I don't know why, but I come up to him.

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Carmit Lubanov: Okay, thank you, because it's from the it's from you, I mean, it's not that I upload the

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Carmit Lubanov: sure, anyway.

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Carmit Lubanov: you want me to shell so. But just please allowed me.

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Carmit Lubanov: It's certain to me that I cannot stop screenshot because I don't participate in this sharing.

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Carmit Lubanov: so please upload yours.

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There we go. You should be able to share your screen. Now, please.

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yeah.

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Carmit Lubanov: okay, thank you.

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Carmit Lubanov: I was fine.

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Carmit Lubanov: It's okay.

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It looks like it's coming. There we go. Thank you. Can you go full screen, please.

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Carmit Lubanov: Yes. Is it? Okay?

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Mostly.

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Carmit Lubanov: I guess. Is it? Okay? Yes.

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Carmit Lubanov: So Hello, everyone. A. My presentation is the following, near 2,030 is the where it will be possible to eggs in mind. In practice the world of the commitment made 15 years ago at the Co. Pay, 21 in Paris, where I introduced in the greenhouse gas emissions on a state level.

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Carmit Lubanov: Yet, although it is still early to evaluate the results now semi year, it is clearly fair to determine that the doubt whether the States would meet this Co. 21 committed value is not negligible in our geographical region. Countries around the globe. If announced. Greenhouse gas reduction objectives through their Nbc.

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Carmit Lubanov: And in some cases very ambitious or non ambitious, as we just see

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Carmit Lubanov: as net 0 emission count, that far beyond the average of the South Mediterranean countries that I'm going to present when examining the but published that the so far only few countries as well for today. Man may truck whether the padget is, if your production is compatible with the Paris agreement goals

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Carmit Lubanov: that is.

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Carmit Lubanov: determined, governments to ignore their responsibility for the source of permissions, and therefore does not accelerate the transition to renewable energy, although it is required, if they want to meet Paris goals, schedules.

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Carmit Lubanov: and if someone needs to be convinced against in our region of the Mediterranean, to be convinced that the Government's a so far has not been much effective. The last few years. Summer season in the Mediterranean region provide visual approve that they seemed like an appetizer to night mail scenario of climate policy.

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Carmit Lubanov: and the recognition that, in our view, that climate crisis is our most severe than previous estimates, a situation that requires not only to believe the business as usual, scenario routine of Paris version, but to challenge the basic assumption in coping with climate crisis.

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Carmit Lubanov: here is the the picture at the bottom. It is of the 9 ahead of EU Member States

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Carmit Lubanov: at the North and Mediterranean, and there are that sign on the 2 years ago in September

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Carmit Lubanov: regarding the At and declaration regarding the change regarding the climate change in our region.

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The presentation addresses the recent step taken in not on Mediterranean countries, and outline new for a new framework based on 3 points, that the internalization and adoption of which will greatly assist, stabilize

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Carmit Lubanov: the climatic emergency in the U Omega region.

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Carmit Lubanov: Socially and economically, the 3 points as the internalization of the climate, inequality as part of the State level climate policy, and the start of define

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Carmit Lubanov: regional, a collaboration such as the Mediterranean or the Middle East. Geo. Political zone. The second outline of long term climate emergency policy, based on principle of climate, justice and reducing gaps in regional scale in the implementation of low-carbon economy policy

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Carmit Lubanov: focusing on renewable a sources.

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Carmit Lubanov: The third one is the need to create agenda for climate, a democracy.

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Carmit Lubanov: It's also connected with a very, a relatively low over a level of awareness in the Mediterranean countries, specifically in the South Mediterranean which will formulate the cost social program

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Carmit Lubanov: and to focus on the educational learning. awareness, and for building climate resilience of community and civic engagement in climate governments.

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Carmit Lubanov: the research, my initial goal was to examine, to formulate, and a measure but multi parameters that will enable to to follow about progress over to it.

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Carmit Lubanov: the pool. Reflect climate change patterns both based on socioeconomic data. Within your open you owe me region, including civic engagement

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Carmit Lubanov: for various reasons, mainly see significant lack of information and data.

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Carmit Lubanov: This walk, I hope, will be carried out as the next stage in our walk, and we already walk on this. At this stage I was interested to see if there is a regular profile based on the State characteristic in the field of climate, economic social mobility in varied aspect, assuming that characterization of such sub rigorant profile can assist

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Carmit Lubanov: in understanding in future delinating of climate, resilience, and climate governments. in the regional scale.

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Carmit Lubanov: I will present briefly a result of 3 case studies from the recent years. The first one is energy transition, profile in new open Mediterranean countries, the study of climate, justice in regional scale examine the state of transition to renewable energy per country.

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Carmit Lubanov: and also a a West treatment The parameters are from the field of environmental and climatic governments. Performance in different countries in Europe and Mediterranean.

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Carmit Lubanov:  The second one is a study by Tattery Center just presented the 2 months ago

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Carmit Lubanov: in the northern countries of Scandinavia.

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Carmit Lubanov: and the results perform A and the the regional profile patterns also. In in this case the power matters, including from the field of civil society, climate, resilience, and the socioeconomic parameters. And the third one is

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Carmit Lubanov: conducted by Oxford. Google published our data.

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Carmit Lubanov: perform the state of readiness of each of

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Carmit Lubanov: a I'm going to present the the results. This one of the first one, the energy transition and was treatment, country profile in Europe, and many turning, you can see at the bottom.

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Carmit Lubanov: It's from this from the North and Europe into the south of the Mediterranean.

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Carmit Lubanov: and there is what we call, and we defined also in other cases that can be indicate on the sub regional

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Carmit Lubanov: a pole fine

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Carmit Lubanov: in the the divers say.

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Carmit Lubanov: this, the graph at the graph number 2 these are the parameters that are going to be shown. The first one is the

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Carmit Lubanov: and the A. Again, what's it called the not Saddam, a global

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Carmit Lubanov: summarized country vulnerability. We came to readiness to improve resilience higher schools are better. The second one is much more popular, and they well known of the early university, the Epi Environmental Performance Index

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Carmit Lubanov: using 40 performance indicators across 11 nations categories deep around 180 countries on climate change. In general, I scores exhibit long standing policy and programs to protect public health, preserve natural and social and decrease greenhouse gas emission.

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Carmit Lubanov: The said one

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Carmit Lubanov: it very interesting, because they say, what the last idea of the fund for peace. It's a Swedish institution collecting that and analyze for State for this year

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Carmit Lubanov: the Fund has created to complementary State Resilience Index. It included the a many subway indicators I included in my presentation a Soyuan social equation.

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Carmit Lubanov: You call me A, which also consists of few parameters and the civic space you have the results also. We were amazed about the how many of the the.

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Carmit Lubanov: the flow of the the, the the graphs a among all of the countries you can see in this case, from the

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Carmit Lubanov: at the bottom, from South Mediterranean to not a you all.

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Carmit Lubanov: And there is also only one country, but also socioeconomic aspect. When Alania, which is the but the a low income country.

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Carmit Lubanov: the third one is by the data by the Oxford group, if it of last year, and the state of readiness of

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Carmit Lubanov: in a very of way the full stages. One is the lack of that that country. The second is stage of discussion about the policy. The third one is the policy document already, and the font is the legislation, and also it can be said, it can be a see that there is a a very

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Carmit Lubanov: and both a profile

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Carmit Lubanov: of a regular sub regional from the north to the south. And

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Carmit Lubanov: hey, can we see that there is a similar pattern of behavior?

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Carmit Lubanov: So regarding discussion, what found at this stage you can be seen that there is a suburbanal profile based on socioeconomic national climate profile, and the question that reminds open

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Carmit Lubanov: for discussion and for sure, for the research I one can use the regional characterization.

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Carmit Lubanov: of course, of course, for example, Southern Mediterranean, Northern Europe, etc., Balkans, to create better understanding of the following 2 points. The first one is the patterns of climate governments, collaboration with in defined geographical region.

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Carmit Lubanov: Second, considering of those view patterns, similarities in formulating low carbon economy transition, that challenging the greenhouse gas and integration as well as reducing the socioeconomic gaps. This is a the duel, a

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Carmit Lubanov: goal for Us. Regional collaboration is surely needing low income South, a Mediterranean countries that are dealing with difficulties and lack of skill programs in adopting the EU doing the program, for example, and in long term strategy of this State. In adopting low carbon economy.

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Carmit Lubanov: the above results.

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Carmit Lubanov: as well as many other scientific data, means that the model for global forecasting based on the Ipcc as literally define intergovernment and panel on climate change.

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Carmit Lubanov: It's probably outdated. And our region, at least, should the dog, the Ipcc. I'll see in the meaning of the international platform for climate change, regional collaboration.

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Carmit Lubanov: Do you open green deal?

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Carmit Lubanov: All the must develop new mechanism to help combat a energy, poverty and target in gaps in climate, regional, objective, not only in the State 11 as you really it is the common discuss, and to facilitate the transition to renewable energy in a weekend, and

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Carmit Lubanov: and to uncle plans for climate resilience as well as for climate governments in which citizen and various stakeholders are able to influence part of shared efforts for the long time for the long term of regional sustainability.

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Carmit Lubanov: And what is next? A. I.

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The first one is the role of academics and the Civic Society.

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Carmit Lubanov: with regard to the European and the human, it is imperative that EU

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Carmit Lubanov: and the other governments in our region work with academics and civil society leaders. We've been proving the the caution role to play, not only to create the established data and understanding, but which is a very important when it comes to mobilized public support.

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Carmit Lubanov: The second one. It's part of our difficulties in this. Analyze that and the collecting data

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Carmit Lubanov: it should be with a developing database and networking to share a data should be with I priorities, governmental agencies, academic institution, civic society of building network for sharing data knowledge.

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Carmit Lubanov: That's it.

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Thank you.

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 thank you very much. Comment.

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How you a very career cut analysis on regional rebels, regional collaborations.

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Very suggestive. Yeah.

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So

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move to the next speaker.

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Okay.

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yeah. Thank you. the next speaker at X, please.

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Yeah. Good morning.

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Okay.

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thank you very much. I know some people have been in the first session, so they probably think I got not again, because give a talk already. The good news is, I talk about a completely different subject, and I would like to address the role of small non-state actors.

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or perhaps the negative role they can play in

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in in climate change, mitigation, namely, in promoting a certain type of climate change, skepticism and and undermine climate change consensus. The research I'm presenting here is part of a larger research project that has actually been going on for quite some time now.

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Yeah, you will see.

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 Why is it not

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now? Oh, this is, yeah. Okay, before I just want to repeat the law, basically. So what is the prerequisite for

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climate change, skepticism, or undermining consensus on on climate change and climate change policy. You could say they are free pillars you need. First, I mean, that's all. For established scientific research.

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you need a powerful counter movement it normally consists of think tanks, conservative media out at some form of economic, input like donor networks, corporations. And but also someone in the political establishment that listens to you, for example, individual politicians or political parties. The second pillar is, you need a certain demographic.

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and there's research from America, and even Europe. That suggests that this demographic is relatively homogeneous. You need often a wide population. All the population, male population. They often live in rural areas have an

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average or even above average education and a distrust in in in elites, telling them what to do. And you need

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a simple yet multifaceted messaging. You have to frame your messages in a way that connects to people.

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and that is in a way that was that that's and I'm guilty myself. I've done this for years. It's it's kind of the recipe for climate skeptic research. Look for big donors, look for their media allies, analyze how they explode cultural and national myth, and then you have it, and if if you, if you have one of the pieces, are missing, then you normally have

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societies that are relatively free of

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potent resistance to climate change, and one of the countries that used to be very proud of itself because there was climate change. Skepticism was not a big issue was Germany.

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and unfortunately things have changed, and I would like to mention some of the changes and show you

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in in. After that they would like to throw your attention to the role of you could even say ridiculously small, long-state actors, and how they manage to change the political landscape.

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and I think the first thing we should keep in mind is that these, or what I would suggest is that this change are connected to

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changes in what we could call climate change, skepticism. There are discussions, how we should call it, should we call it climate science, skepticism versus climate policy, skepticism? There are certain advantages and disadvantages, but I think it's quite helpful is

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to draw attention to the

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it.

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changing target because we we have at the beginning in the 1,900 ninetys. There was a lot of objection to the scientific evidence. For example, you could

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for for more research, you could challenge that, that there's a scientific consensus and so forth. So that's what you call you could call climate evidence skepticism. But we have moved

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even in the United States, the stronghold of climate science come at evidence. Skepticism. We have moved beyond this, and we have entered a where we actually have disputes legitimately not so legitimate disputes about a consequence of climate politics.

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 And under these circumstances it might make sense to re-engage with these prerequisites of this recipe for research. That's what I'm trying to do. And that's what I would like to show

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today. Very briefly.

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because if you, if you follow the recipe, then

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Germany and other European countries are absolutely safe.

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If you look at, for example, Germany, there are no potential but powerful donors. There is no equivalent to the Code brothers.

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There's also no media, public media or private media network that bombards the public with cyber skeptic. Whatever climate skeptic messages like fox news, there's nothing like this.

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So we save right? Not quite.

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because, for example, a series of studies, perhaps the most prominent one, was published in 2,017. It showed that, for example, that the number of people who identify as climate, science, or climate policy skeptics, or who have a problem with a scientific basis, and or

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most, the the political consequence has more than doubled

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also, since 2,011 there was a So.

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Party, right Wing Populist party started the Anti-euro currency party then focused on

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refugees and cultural values. But it's now a staunch climate. Skeptic party has

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risen in the polls and is affecting parties in the conservative side of the spectrum. And the question is, how can this be if, if if none of the prerequisites are actually fulfilled, so how can this be?

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And what I tried to do. And they did this for quite some time. Now I try to employ methods of social network analysis. So I'm trying to find out. Instead of looking for big organizations

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01:00:32.250 --> 01:00:47.210
like an equivalent to Fox news or an equivalent to the Heartland Institute in the United States. I try to look at relations. How are actually climate skeptics organized in Germany, and what you can find, whatever you find here is

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01:00:48.840 --> 01:01:00.800
the next installment of an ongoing project. But you find in Germany there are actually 3 subgroups that increasingly connect.

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01:01:01.020 --> 01:01:09.309
and you could call it an emerging network of climate policy skepticism. And we'll explain what I mean and what this network includes.

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01:01:09.630 --> 01:01:19.100
First, there are 3 distinct subgroups, but the one but the green greenish with a green. Yeah, the green one is what you could call the German far right?

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01:01:19.500 --> 01:01:38.280
It's political party. According to the party Ap. There's they're called Fryebell, which which means Free Free World, which is a hard right. media online media out there that is modeled after Breitbart news. Obviously, there's the net Netswack venue craft, which is a

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01:01:38.450 --> 01:01:43.519
a relatively lose most the online-based network of people who

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01:01:43.880 --> 01:01:50.120
include everything from conspiracy theorists to believe that the windmills are somehow

340
01:01:50.630 --> 01:02:04.360
installed to collect data or something, but actually have a very strong connection to right wing Populist parties and writing groups in Germany

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01:02:04.800 --> 01:02:15.819
on the right-hand side. That is really interesting. You have, and I will come back to this on the next slide. You have the usual suspects, as you could call it, because that is actually the network

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01:02:16.550 --> 01:02:31.919
you would have in the United States. That's the K. 2 Institute. The competitive enterprise ensued. The Heartland Institute, the Atlas networks all the the play, as we know, since the 1990 s. Dominating climate. Skeptic discourses in the United States are now connected

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01:02:32.390 --> 01:02:36.790
to Germany, and on the the blue greyish

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01:02:37.550 --> 01:02:53.369
smallest subnetwork or actually densely connected network, is what you could call the German neoliberals people who actually anti-regulation in any shape or for. But they don't like regulation, regardless of what? Which context, including climate science.

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01:02:53.460 --> 01:02:57.299
a climate change. And the question is, of course, who is in the booze in the centre?

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01:02:59.120 --> 01:03:18.099
that's that's called the European Institute for Climate and Energy. It has, I think, 25 employees. It's not located in Berlin in a flashy building, but in a small, relatively obscure. They're not obscure. It's a nice town, but not, I mean yin. It's in the eastern part of Germany. Not many people know it when there's a good university. It's

347
01:03:18.170 --> 01:03:20.359
famous for good food.

348
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but it's definitely not political center of the

349
01:03:23.510 --> 01:03:26.249
of the country, and it's a joke.

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01:03:26.770 --> 01:03:36.790
It's the the whole, I mean. If you come for think-tank research, it's a joke. It's no money, there's no people, they have no contacts, nothing, or had no good. 5 years ago it was a joke.

351
01:03:37.680 --> 01:03:40.159
But it's not. And the question is.

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how can we explain that? And I would I would. I would argue. We can explain it through the relations, because what they understand

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or what the what I can understood was that you don't need much money. You don't need prestigious employees, and you don't need to have a flashy office in the in the capital of the country if you are well connected. And so what they did

354
01:04:04.750 --> 01:04:14.370
you get? Why, I called them the unsuspicious suspect here. What they did is they established themselves as key brokers, for instance, I jumped to the lower half of the of the presentation.

355
01:04:14.620 --> 01:04:20.539
 Ike is organizing a lot of conferences online

356
01:04:20.800 --> 01:04:22.150
and offline.

357
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They provide platforms to online and mainly online, but also offline media

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01:04:28.400 --> 01:04:32.010
outlets in Germany and translate English texts.

359
01:04:32.270 --> 01:04:36.219
It's very simple. You just transfer it. It's a minute. It's not expensive. And

360
01:04:38.240 --> 01:04:42.620
and they broker contacts between America and the United States

361
01:04:42.630 --> 01:04:44.060
2 examples

362
01:04:44.480 --> 01:04:52.730
in 2,006 or 2,007. As you all know, there was this famous Al Gore film, and an inconvenient truth. Whatever you think about the film.

363
01:04:53.310 --> 01:04:58.540
a massive reaction in the United States. Among others, there was a sorry.

364
01:04:58.690 --> 01:05:05.189
There was a a media pushed by the Competitive Enterprise Institute called, We call it Life.

365
01:05:05.580 --> 01:05:17.720
You don't need to know the details. It was just a very grounded, very common sensey reaction to this film and these these hysterical climate politicians would would like to take away your cars and everything.

366
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There is also a summary report of this. It's what 2 pages in English, obviously because it was targeted as the

367
01:05:26.220 --> 01:05:30.259
and an American audience and 20

368
01:05:30.320 --> 01:05:34.030
16, I can organize the conference

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01:05:34.200 --> 01:05:48.290
brought together this new emerging writing party and people from the Competitive Enterprise Institute, and they obviously translated a summary into German, because this two-page summary in German is obviously the longer because the language structure, which is a 2 and a half page chapter.

370
01:05:48.490 --> 01:05:49.870
but verbatim

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01:05:50.070 --> 01:05:56.329
chapter in the 2,017 manifesto chapter on climate change properties exactly the same.

372
01:05:56.910 --> 01:06:03.880
and that's cheap. You find someone who has written something that resonated with the American audience.

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01:06:04.460 --> 01:06:15.310
We have nothing because the party was a one-topic party. No refugees, no refugees and refugees. But now we have a general election need of complete manifesto. They broker the contact. A second example

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01:06:15.420 --> 01:06:17.490
is,

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01:06:18.140 --> 01:06:29.919
that this young lady on the right, and her name is Naomi Zip. You can Google her. She's on Youtube, in German and English. May, a friendly looking, very nice woman. She's the anti-gretter

376
01:06:30.230 --> 01:06:40.629
 She's very, very popular in Germany because she has a lot of a big outreach. It means younger people complaining about

377
01:06:41.410 --> 01:06:50.400
Friday for future that driving families apart and creating conflict and blaming unfairly, blaming all the people

378
01:06:51.700 --> 01:06:56.740
she was. She's actually very close from here in other Ikea is located

379
01:06:57.250 --> 01:07:23.920
and again brokered joint kind of joint meetings, joined workshop organized by Ikevet chiefly. She actually ended up at A at a conference and was trained by media experts of the Hardland Institute in the United States. Right? It's not really expensive. If you if you look at the impact and increasingly, you see how this shifts the the balance. In Germany we have new developments I couldn't include for today's talk. There's a new

380
01:07:24.000 --> 01:07:25.720
conservative thinking.

381
01:07:26.240 --> 01:07:30.279
equally small, as I could call it Republic 21.

382
01:07:30.890 --> 01:07:36.720
So we are 21 for cool people closer to the Conservative party and is

383
01:07:36.800 --> 01:07:51.150
trying to find answers to climate hysteria. There's role media. It's a new media outlet that's clearly modeled after the Tucker Carlson Show run by the former main editor of the largest tabloid.

384
01:07:51.270 --> 01:07:54.270
and of course he contributes to the newsletter of Icon.

385
01:07:54.280 --> 01:08:05.650
So these connections are well established and growing. and interestingly, I mean, I have no time to go into details. But it just. That's why I just stick on these these 2 examples.

386
01:08:05.890 --> 01:08:07.210
The message.

387
01:08:07.920 --> 01:08:16.029
the climate consequence, skeptical policy, consequence. Skeptic message is really really nicely targeted. Go back to the 3 subgroups

388
01:08:16.560 --> 01:08:20.510
international, international. a learning

389
01:08:20.630 --> 01:08:26.920
anti-regulation and anti-globalist messages. and that's

390
01:08:27.380 --> 01:08:34.329
but I we would like to like this message. I would like to to, to to being put forward. She did

391
01:08:35.490 --> 01:08:42.549
these actors. If you look, if you, if you, if you look at the classical approach to, for example, think tank and expertise research.

392
01:08:44.480 --> 01:08:48.340
Aik or Republic 21 would never, ever

393
01:08:49.540 --> 01:08:53.189
it picked as object of study. Because they're ridiculous.

394
01:08:53.860 --> 01:09:02.819
They're small. They're located in the wrong place. They have no no big names, and they are on their board of trustees or anything. They don't get any big. No donations.

395
01:09:02.990 --> 01:09:04.839
but they're incredibly powerful.

396
01:09:05.030 --> 01:09:17.010
They're incredibly powerful. And I mean, and if you, if you think of and in we have seen, we see similar developments in other countries in Central Europe, for example, in Austria, to a certain degree in in France.

397
01:09:17.200 --> 01:09:21.630
we need to be aware that so this is my last

398
01:09:21.640 --> 01:09:28.029
my last 3 points. We need to be aware that the anatomy of counter-movement might might be changing.

399
01:09:28.360 --> 01:09:38.570
So there might be, even if the 3 prerequisites I I I mentioned at the beginning are not met. We have, we might be confronted with small.

400
01:09:38.740 --> 01:09:44.030
unsuspicious suspects who actually can influence policy debate.

401
01:09:44.330 --> 01:09:46.260
We have new alliances

402
01:09:46.830 --> 01:09:50.670
in within countries and across borders.

403
01:09:50.830 --> 01:09:56.710
 and of course. And that's one thing, we actually looking at the next phase of the project.

404
01:09:57.050 --> 01:10:00.620
it's it's connected to the means of communication.

405
01:10:01.260 --> 01:10:13.659
If you, for example, look and you can do this if you, if you analyze how much the classical American counter movement spent 20 years ago to put messages out there.

406
01:10:14.630 --> 01:10:17.419
It was a lot of money. Of course you had to buy it

407
01:10:18.750 --> 01:10:20.540
time on a television channel.

408
01:10:21.030 --> 01:10:31.999
You don't have to do this. I mean, I can. I can has a media up a a yearly media budget of €25,000. That's it. It's not much. And they reach

409
01:10:32.310 --> 01:10:42.409
millions of people if they want to. There on Youtube and all social media, they have their multipliers in their network. And that's something I think we really need to keep in mind that

410
01:10:42.590 --> 01:10:44.850
because of digital communication.

411
01:10:45.570 --> 01:10:52.720
unsuspicious looking organization can have a massive multiplying. In fact, the massive outreach

412
01:10:52.760 --> 01:10:55.410
and that is perhaps

413
01:10:55.440 --> 01:11:00.599
all I want to say, because that's the next I person you think that's something we should think about as

414
01:11:00.670 --> 01:11:03.319
his researchers. Thank you very much.

415
01:11:12.070 --> 01:11:19.659
thank you, Alex. under the digital communication.

416
01:11:20.010 --> 01:11:23.350
and SMS.

417
01:11:23.800 --> 01:11:29.250
very updated analysis on

418
01:11:29.310 --> 01:11:42.200
climate policy. A skeptic network in Germany and related to the Us. Yeah. Very stimulating. Yeah, thank you very much.

419
01:11:43.420 --> 01:11:55.320
 okay.

420
01:12:05.230 --> 01:12:06.689
Okay. A.

421
01:12:06.740 --> 01:12:13.180
So his speaker is Pyrus from Guitarnia. Thank you.

422
01:12:13.840 --> 01:12:14.550
Okay.

423
01:12:18.730 --> 01:12:24.660
so good morning. I'm with us, with Chelsea, a Phd. Student.

424
01:12:24.710 --> 01:12:37.310
he and so solid just colonies. The rest of technology and the Andlophenia. So I will present the work called contrast issues lead to a lack of civic engagement and on state actors.

425
01:12:37.350 --> 01:12:40.929
activities, activities for climate change, mitigation.

426
01:12:41.080 --> 01:12:43.830
So the aim was formulated

427
01:12:44.050 --> 01:12:49.149
as to analyze how social and institutional trustings and participation and supportments did

428
01:12:49.290 --> 01:12:55.200
environmental actors. And for this purpose I will be using.

429
01:12:55.250 --> 01:12:57.349
I see.

430
01:12:58.050 --> 01:12:59.070
Yeah.

431
01:12:59.610 --> 01:13:16.210
I will be, Using I, Ssp, environment for data, and the 4 countries have been picked up for the comparison. It's a lefaneer, as I'm working in vaki for the keys and Lithina.

432
01:13:16.340 --> 01:13:24.699
and it is also considered as a low-rest country. It's Austria as it is a partner country

433
01:13:24.710 --> 01:13:34.409
in a project for dress-making, and it's filmed as it's. It's like a reference country as it is considered as a high-risk country.

434
01:13:34.550 --> 01:13:45.349
and special attention is given to the age groups. As I'm working on a project in which we have like working on building trust and youth.

435
01:13:46.590 --> 01:14:00.500
And well, to be more, yeah, it to be more specific. I'm working on a project. And this is like Quite a descriptive analysis which was useful as a explorer explorer to the analysis, for

436
01:14:00.940 --> 01:14:04.239
for seeing how things work.

437
01:14:04.750 --> 01:14:11.110
and hopefully more interesting results will come in the future, and

438
01:14:11.440 --> 01:14:21.440
in this case it is important to mention that the Social Trust was measured in a five-point-point liquid scale and institutional trust in

439
01:14:21.530 --> 01:14:29.480
a scale from one to 10. And it's not most surprising that in Lithuania that thirst is the lowest.

440
01:14:29.510 --> 01:14:32.240
and the Austria social trust is

441
01:14:32.350 --> 01:14:37.559
the highest, and in fulfillment institutional trust is the highest.

442
01:14:37.610 --> 01:14:48.859
Again, a special attention is given to age, groups and youth especially so they checking based correlations between social trust.

443
01:14:48.920 --> 01:14:55.450
and only in Austria, like significant correlations, have been found.

444
01:14:55.680 --> 01:15:00.010
But looking at in a greater detail, it's not.

445
01:15:00.200 --> 01:15:03.399
It's not a particularly distinct feature.

446
01:15:03.420 --> 01:15:14.869
and when it comes to social thirst and age in these countries, it doesn't seem that it is. We related somehow, very significantly.

447
01:15:15.320 --> 01:15:16.360
a.

448
01:15:16.780 --> 01:15:27.860
As for institutional trust, and as they both in Austria and Lefania relations have been found in lost its very big relations

449
01:15:28.000 --> 01:15:39.259
and the muffane, it's weak and the checking in a greater detail. Yeah. again, it doesn't seem that illustriate is a distinct

450
01:15:39.400 --> 01:15:40.460
future.

451
01:15:40.470 --> 01:15:48.759
but it does seem that in Lavania it is somewhat related, and the bayonga

452
01:15:48.990 --> 01:15:54.129
the people are. The higher institutional trust is

453
01:15:55.300 --> 01:15:58.829
so when it comes to a

454
01:15:58.980 --> 01:16:06.210
these kind of programmer environmental behaviors. and each in free out of

455
01:16:06.390 --> 01:16:16.699
4 cases where Bayou is the most active and only in giving combinative environmental groups. It does not.

456
01:16:17.260 --> 01:16:22.580
So it seems that you might be somewhat limited to

457
01:16:22.910 --> 01:16:28.830
when it comes to financial financial resources as fulfillment.

458
01:16:29.380 --> 01:16:35.550
Well, it seems that a group of 30 to 49 is the most active

459
01:16:36.030 --> 01:16:39.859
but paying attention to you.

460
01:16:40.010 --> 01:16:46.659
and a behavior taken part in Po as a demonstration. It seems that

461
01:16:46.790 --> 01:16:53.129
youth is the most active in in this case, and as for over 3 behaviors.

462
01:16:53.340 --> 01:16:54.590
so

463
01:16:54.690 --> 01:16:58.000
youth is doing better than

464
01:16:58.330 --> 01:17:01.709
with all the age groups which are like 40 plus

465
01:17:02.360 --> 01:17:12.539
the lefania again, and free out of focus, is the youth is most active in this type of pro and pro- environmental behaviors.

466
01:17:12.980 --> 01:17:14.530
And

467
01:17:15.460 --> 01:17:26.939
yeah, again, it. It is not the most active in given money to, and one of 2 groups. So it seems that in different countries youth is limited when

468
01:17:27.730 --> 01:17:30.139
with financial resources.

469
01:17:30.930 --> 01:17:38.660
so when it comes to Austria and social trust.

470
01:17:38.700 --> 01:17:46.779
Well, in all of these cases people who have higher social trust than to participate more in

471
01:17:47.030 --> 01:18:02.320
these types of behaviors when it comes to institutional trust, and these kinds of behaviors. Yet again, in all of the cases, people of higher institutional trust tend to participate more

472
01:18:02.880 --> 01:18:04.040
the

473
01:18:04.080 --> 01:18:10.290
as for fulfillment, the same is the case as people with higher social trust

474
01:18:10.460 --> 01:18:16.469
participate more. And again, people with high institutional trust.

475
01:18:16.510 --> 01:18:19.530
then, to participate more.

476
01:18:19.820 --> 01:18:24.710
And these kind of behaviors. It's the same case for Lefania.

477
01:18:24.900 --> 01:18:27.850
Yeah, but it's

478
01:18:28.930 --> 01:18:36.330
When it comes to institutional trust and lefania it in 2 out of 4 cases

479
01:18:36.560 --> 01:18:38.360
the people with higher.

480
01:18:38.610 --> 01:18:45.560
just them to participate more in this kind of action. In 2 cases it's not the case.

481
01:18:45.710 --> 01:18:50.409
but the difference is very. very small. So

482
01:18:50.700 --> 01:18:57.319
and the sample size is not so big. So it's hard to tell if that is the case.

483
01:18:57.510 --> 01:19:12.459
So anyways, yes, I mentioned this is like quite basic explorer to the analysis. But I'm working on the ongoing project, and we are working on the so-called urban living labs.

484
01:19:12.540 --> 01:19:15.520
and we are like targeting you.

485
01:19:16.460 --> 01:19:27.350
And so the youth can be involved in in, in different projects, and it is a hope that

486
01:19:27.600 --> 01:19:32.879
it will also, like the rest, will be built, in which cases.

487
01:19:33.010 --> 01:19:34.320
and

488
01:19:34.840 --> 01:19:41.349
if you would be interesting. There's a site called Dressmaking dot you, it's a project website.

489
01:19:41.550 --> 01:19:43.350
And it's

490
01:19:43.410 --> 01:19:46.649
when it comes to this website. It's still an early version

491
01:19:46.830 --> 01:19:51.619
of it. But well, hopefully, some interesting results are

492
01:19:51.670 --> 01:19:53.800
had to come. Thank you.

493
01:20:04.770 --> 01:20:07.780
thank you. Business.

494
01:20:08.340 --> 01:20:12.270
 actually,

495
01:20:13.030 --> 01:20:19.880
 the role of institutional trust. Yeah.

496
01:20:20.630 --> 01:20:28.840
 compatible analysis. Finland! Australia and Britannia. Yeah.

497
01:20:30.560 --> 01:20:49.459
Karin Gustafsson:  And can I ask you to to stop? I would prefer to share the the slides myself so I can control them. Is that okay?

498
01:20:49.830 --> 01:20:51.010
Absolutely.

499
01:20:51.570 --> 01:20:52.280
Karin Gustafsson: Yeah.

500
01:20:56.120 --> 01:20:58.070
You go ahead the time.

501
01:20:58.710 --> 01:21:00.280
Karin Gustafsson: Thank you. Thank you.

502
01:21:01.090 --> 01:21:04.009
Karin Gustafsson: So then I will share my slides.

503
01:21:04.690 --> 01:21:06.949
Karin Gustafsson: let's see.

504
01:21:07.510 --> 01:21:19.829
Karin Gustafsson: So thank you very much. My name is caught him because I'm joining you from Sweden. I'm happy to be part of this very interesting panel. Now we jump straight in. I will continue to talk about trust and youths.

505
01:21:20.120 --> 01:21:23.429
Karin Gustafsson: and, as I think, as most of us.

506
01:21:23.550 --> 01:21:34.870
Karin Gustafsson: if not all of us, know by now already it's first year of existence, the youth group or youth network, Friday's. The future grew into a global phenomena

507
01:21:35.340 --> 01:21:45.459
Karin Gustafsson: following the climate activist, grietta, tin-based Sulu school strike for climate outside of the Swedish Parliament in 2,018

508
01:21:46.000 --> 01:22:02.599
Karin Gustafsson: the Fridays for future developed as environmentally concerned youths in cities all over the world, adopted the same methods, to strike for the climate, to raise awareness of the climate crisis, and to protest current political actions.

509
01:22:03.360 --> 01:22:17.989
Karin Gustafsson: and in relation to the climate. The moment's rapid growth as well as the global spread and visibility in media and the invited presence in political forums have made the organization important in multiple respects

510
01:22:18.450 --> 01:22:22.899
Karin Gustafsson: Friday's for future, has created a social space for youths.

511
01:22:22.930 --> 01:22:38.700
Karin Gustafsson: and who are very worried about the climate prices. This by getting organized. Young people have created new discursive positions and social spaces, offering discussive room from new forms of identity development.

512
01:22:39.540 --> 01:22:47.000
Karin Gustafsson: However, Friday's the future, as we know, is not alone in organizing young people that are interested in working for the climate.

513
01:22:47.510 --> 01:23:17.299
Karin Gustafsson: taking Fridays for future country of origin, Sweden as an example, and we find both all ran younger environmental youth organizations that engage with the climate crisis. Thus to understand the role of young people in today's climate discourse, it is important to study Fridays for future, together with the organizations that also contribute to the development of this and around youth movement.

514
01:23:18.300 --> 01:23:36.139
Karin Gustafsson: Sweden's oldest and still largest and non-governmental organization, to organize young people to learn about and to engage with and to advocate, for nature is felt to be a logina, which literally literally translates to the field biologists

515
01:23:36.450 --> 01:23:45.860
Karin Gustafsson: and felt Bialogen. I was founded in 1947 by and 4 young people between the ages of 6 and 26 years old.

516
01:23:46.280 --> 01:23:57.770
Karin Gustafsson: The organization is driven by objective to spread knowledge about nature. by enabling young people to learn about nature through hands on activities in nature

517
01:23:57.820 --> 01:24:03.230
Karin Gustafsson: as well as through self organized classes and through Britain material. Thus.

518
01:24:03.320 --> 01:24:15.769
Karin Gustafsson: at the heart of we find excursions as a method that aims to develop knowledge among the participants through seeing and hearing and taking note of nature.

519
01:24:16.920 --> 01:24:31.309
Karin Gustafsson: besides excursions and different phones. 50 log, and has since the 1960 s. Also come to play role an important role in the political debate and then on environmental issues

520
01:24:31.380 --> 01:24:35.660
Karin Gustafsson: as advocates for nature. for its protection and preservation.

521
01:24:36.270 --> 01:24:46.590
Karin Gustafsson: and felt a pul organ now participates in activist actions in Sweden as well as internationally, to protect biodiversity and to contract climate change.

522
01:24:48.150 --> 01:24:57.449
Karin Gustafsson: Despite their long history, the research on felt bid Wagner and their involvement in speaking for the climate is quite limited.

523
01:24:58.180 --> 01:25:05.739
Karin Gustafsson: However, looking at the previous previous studies on Fridays for future, the situation is completely different.

524
01:25:05.850 --> 01:25:28.239
Karin Gustafsson: as Fridays for future has grown, so has to research on this movement. An extensive literature can already be found on the development of Fridays of future which we all also have seen throughout this conference with multiple sessions which has talked about and discussed studies of Friday, the future and related organizations

525
01:25:28.730 --> 01:25:38.880
Karin Gustafsson: erez

526
01:25:39.050 --> 01:25:56.760
Karin Gustafsson: their relation to science and just a few studies has so far started to explore the relation, this relation, and with that the deep and meaning of the phrase that dominates the environment. Youth movements fight for the climate to listen to the science.

527
01:25:57.520 --> 01:26:13.100
Karin Gustafsson: and by using a discourse, analytical perspective. This study, engaged in such an exploration to reveal and to explain the relation between the environmental youth, movement and climate change, science in terms of trust

528
01:26:13.510 --> 01:26:23.719
Karin Gustafsson: and the discussion about space. This movement has created, as well as the discussive resources for identity development it has created.

529
01:26:24.300 --> 01:26:27.880
Karin Gustafsson: and by adopting a theoretical perspective on trust.

530
01:26:27.910 --> 01:26:35.880
Karin Gustafsson: the study aims to explore and to explain how an enormous youth movement in Sweden relates to climate change, science.

531
01:26:35.910 --> 01:26:49.110
Karin Gustafsson: and how this relation creates a discursive context in which young people develop their identity. So I study the branch of Friday's, the future in Sweden together.

532
01:26:49.620 --> 01:26:53.930
Karin Gustafsson: and the study is guided by the following research questions.

533
01:26:53.990 --> 01:27:02.289
Karin Gustafsson: what subject positions are constructed by the environmental youth movement within the active categories of science and youth.

534
01:27:02.620 --> 01:27:08.169
Karin Gustafsson: And how does these subject positions relate to one another in terms of trust?

535
01:27:09.320 --> 01:27:24.420
Karin Gustafsson: And I've chosen to study these questions in the context of these organizations communication on their social media platform. So how they construct these social positions in their communication

536
01:27:24.680 --> 01:27:50.090
Karin Gustafsson: and the social media platform that I I've been studying is the one that they both use and share, which is Facebook. And what I have been interested in is these organizations, their own posts on Facebook, not the comment sections, not individual people's comments or reactions to the post, but the original posts that they have made, and how they in these refer to

537
01:27:50.090 --> 01:27:57.379
Karin Gustafsson: make use of and positions themselves to science, and how this can be understood in terms of trust.

538
01:27:58.610 --> 01:28:15.819
Karin Gustafsson: And I've studied these post posts that have been made throughout a 3 year period that started in the fall of 2,019 to 2,022, so it includes half a year before the pandemic, and then, half a year after the final restriction in Sweden was lifted.

539
01:28:16.290 --> 01:28:26.689
Karin Gustafsson: and this study has made it evident that the character of the relation between these 2 actor categories of science and youth

540
01:28:26.690 --> 01:28:50.559
Karin Gustafsson: is crucial for the construction of individual subject positions within these back to categories and the character of the relation between science and youth creates and revealed spaces where trustworthy knowledge may be produced and sets boundaries that determines what subjects, positions that are to be trusted, and by whom

541
01:28:51.110 --> 01:28:56.040
Karin Gustafsson: the character and the relation between science and youth create

542
01:28:56.380 --> 01:29:04.279
Karin Gustafsson: subject positions open for young people to act from and to discussively develop their identity within.

543
01:29:05.140 --> 01:29:16.270
Karin Gustafsson: and the analysis has shown that the dominating but not exclusive subject position within Fridays, the future in Sweden, in their Facebook feed

544
01:29:16.520 --> 01:29:27.200
Karin Gustafsson: our science constructed as the position for which a taken for granted truth is told of how to understand and manage climate change.

545
01:29:27.550 --> 01:29:28.880
Karin Gustafsson: and young people

546
01:29:28.940 --> 01:29:43.979
Karin Gustafsson: all positioned as activists who wanted to impact the discourse on climate change and the management of the climate crisis, and the 2 positions are created through a linear relation upheld by the Youth trust

547
01:29:43.980 --> 01:30:01.869
Karin Gustafsson: that science has a unique capacity to produce truthful knowledge that gives science a specific responsibility and a position to produce expert knowledge that is to be used to manage the climate change and climate crisis.

548
01:30:03.110 --> 01:30:11.389
Karin Gustafsson: The different capabilities and responsibilities attached to these subject positions through this form of trust

549
01:30:11.610 --> 01:30:21.440
Karin Gustafsson: provides a background and a rationale to these demand for politics and the dog generation to listen to the science.

550
01:30:22.020 --> 01:30:36.090
Karin Gustafsson: the demand becomes sort of a shorthand description of this division of labor where science is trusted to provide truthful and relevant knowledge for policy and the rest of society to act upon

551
01:30:37.350 --> 01:30:47.739
Karin Gustafsson: interestingly and importantly. is that this tradition of labor does not lead to the pacifization of the youth

552
01:30:47.800 --> 01:30:58.760
Karin Gustafsson: locating the responsibility to create knowledge to. And the truth in science does not mean that the young people are left without responsibility.

553
01:30:59.100 --> 01:31:07.379
Karin Gustafsson: Instead, the linear relation between science and activists also exist between science and policy and the public in general.

554
01:31:07.810 --> 01:31:15.029
Karin Gustafsson: And this makes the activist responsible for listening to science, embracing their message

555
01:31:15.060 --> 01:31:20.389
Karin Gustafsson: and making other people aware of it, and making other people aware of this relation.

556
01:31:20.400 --> 01:31:31.680
Karin Gustafsson: and to act on the knowledge. Thus this form of trust in science is not passive. Instead, it generates an active role in that activists

557
01:31:31.770 --> 01:31:37.039
Karin Gustafsson: that a encourage action from this position

558
01:31:38.980 --> 01:31:53.210
Karin Gustafsson: the dominating but not exclusive subject decision within felt. Do log in us. Facebook feed our science position as a source to learn from how to understand climate change as well as

559
01:31:53.330 --> 01:31:59.629
Karin Gustafsson: it. It functions empowering on how to manage climate change.

560
01:32:00.580 --> 01:32:12.479
Karin Gustafsson: and young people are positioned as knowledge holders and the knowledge producers a position which shares characteristics with the scientific position, in that

561
01:32:12.610 --> 01:32:18.329
Karin Gustafsson: it follows scientific principles on how to produce knowledge as well as

562
01:32:18.560 --> 01:32:20.869
Karin Gustafsson: it functions, empowering

563
01:32:21.250 --> 01:32:34.229
Karin Gustafsson: the knowledge created by the knowledge holder and knowledge producer can also be used to gain a stronger footing, a legitimacy when stepping into the position of being an activist.

564
01:32:36.400 --> 01:32:52.639
Karin Gustafsson: science as a source of learning and young people as knowledge holders and knowledge producers are created through a relation in which they share the same objective, and they collaborate, and they engage in the same practice

565
01:32:52.880 --> 01:33:00.860
Karin Gustafsson: to produce and to communicate truthful scientific knowledge that is to be used in the management of climate change.

566
01:33:00.990 --> 01:33:14.950
Karin Gustafsson: Thus this collaborative relation acknowledges the scientific practice of producing knowledge as uniquely capable to produce truthful and trustworthy knowledge.

567
01:33:14.980 --> 01:33:16.050
Karin Gustafsson: however.

568
01:33:16.140 --> 01:33:28.649
Karin Gustafsson: indifference to the linear relation to science which create a division of labor where only science are responsible for the practice of scientific knowledge, production.

569
01:33:29.590 --> 01:33:43.070
Karin Gustafsson: the collaborative relation between science and youth. It, plus the relation between the actor categories, and that it makes both science and young people responsible for the practice of scientific knowledge production.

570
01:33:43.450 --> 01:34:00.820
Karin Gustafsson: So the understanding that everyone, despite current knowledge on the topic of climate change, at least to some extent, can engage in scientific practices and knowledge production. It opens the possibility for youth and others to not only listen

571
01:34:01.050 --> 01:34:06.529
Karin Gustafsson: to the science, but also to learn from and understand and contribute to science.

572
01:34:06.950 --> 01:34:19.580
Karin Gustafsson: Trust is not here not placed in science, following an argument that scientists have a different mind than other lay people, or that science has a specific task to perform.

573
01:34:20.050 --> 01:34:30.600
Karin Gustafsson: a trust, to see a place in science following an argument that the character of the scientific practice itself results in trustworthy knowledge.

574
01:34:31.860 --> 01:34:44.369
Karin Gustafsson: Furthermore, the analysis has shown how environmental youth organizations have created discursive positions and social spaces, offering a discussive room for new forms of identity to develop

575
01:34:44.670 --> 01:34:59.060
Karin Gustafsson: both subject positions available for youth in relation to climate, science create discussive and social spaces for young people to be active subjects that develop their identity.

576
01:34:59.200 --> 01:35:01.219
Karin Gustafsson: So as activists.

577
01:35:01.370 --> 01:35:09.190
Karin Gustafsson: the young person developed their identity as a political actor with a acknowledged role in the climate debate.

578
01:35:09.580 --> 01:35:19.759
Karin Gustafsson: and as a knowledge holder and knowledge producer, the young person gain access to part of the category entitlement and trust that is

579
01:35:19.940 --> 01:35:21.790
Karin Gustafsson: granted science.

580
01:35:22.020 --> 01:35:33.969
Karin Gustafsson: So the young person becomes someone that is associated and grouped with science, thus becoming someone who, to other active categories within the public and policy arena could and should.

581
01:35:34.049 --> 01:35:37.469
Karin Gustafsson: I trust, on the topic of climate change.

582
01:35:37.879 --> 01:36:00.310
Karin Gustafsson: so their association with science also functions empowering, allowing youth to develop their identity through the capacity as a knowledge contributor, and to bring this empowerment into the position of being an activist as they try to influence the public and the policy actors in their actions

583
01:36:02.530 --> 01:36:24.359
Karin Gustafsson: by adopting a discourse. Analytical perspective. This study has explored and explained the relation between the and youth movements and climate change, science in terms of trust, and this by analyzing the discusses spaces that are created by Fridays for future Sweden, and in their communication on Facebook

584
01:36:24.389 --> 01:36:31.720
Karin Gustafsson: and the study has shown that environmentally active young people trust science in ways that offer science.

585
01:36:31.760 --> 01:36:40.510
Karin Gustafsson: credibility, and make the young people themselves important actors in the discourse on climate change.

586
01:36:41.200 --> 01:36:43.689
Karin Gustafsson: Thank you very much for your attention.

587
01:36:50.700 --> 01:37:00.389
Thank you very much. Karen. Yeah, wonderful analysis. The relationship between a

588
01:37:00.530 --> 01:37:15.130
use and science based on discourse analysis. Okay, we left just 10 min to question and answer.

589
01:37:15.270 --> 01:37:16.330
So

590
01:37:16.490 --> 01:37:18.690
most because

591
01:37:19.209 --> 01:37:23.029
get a seat and 2 screeners online.

592
01:37:24.270 --> 01:37:31.879
Okay, raise your hands and questions. Okay. Yeah.

593
01:37:37.490 --> 01:37:48.510
thanks for all your very good. very good. Presentation. And I've done a lot. I have one question for Shen Jung.

594
01:37:48.600 --> 01:38:00.980
I'm just wondering how the trade union responds to the the whole process, and Ali adopts a similar stain as the industry

595
01:38:01.129 --> 01:38:11.459
and all I like familiar with the concept of just a transition. And my second question is for

596
01:38:12.450 --> 01:38:32.570
okay, she I'm quite curious. high! Fukushima could be the tap drama. still! is is! It's more Like a hot, popular, internal! factor! Is there a very strong leadership of like

597
01:38:32.780 --> 01:38:43.299
of their government, or earlier, a very strong social group in the city. Yeah. And for

598
01:38:44.340 --> 01:38:45.210
sorry

599
01:38:46.260 --> 01:38:51.670
I was under. I'm quite curious. Is there any?

600
01:38:51.820 --> 01:39:14.400
If the the climate spectrum involves f fact news or fast fact in information. Circular. Among layer media communication, because in Taiwan we have a lot. So this kind of discussion and we even have

601
01:39:14.450 --> 01:39:25.859
fact check center to establish, to deal with all this kind of conservation. conservative! The voice from conservative group.

602
01:39:26.130 --> 01:39:33.030
Okay, thank you.

603
01:39:33.350 --> 01:39:34.040
The

604
01:39:36.440 --> 01:39:44.310
Hello. I'm Adriene. I'm from Lithuania, and I have a question to Alexander, who was analyzing the German climate skepticism.

605
01:39:44.380 --> 01:40:05.119
So we have it like on 3 levels. First, we have local, level and local actors and local topics and themes. Then we have the national level and national actors and themes. But in Europe it's also very important to look at the Pan-european level to look at the European Union, European Parliament, European Commission

606
01:40:05.130 --> 01:40:32.280
and It's very often what I see that climate change, skepticism is related to the Critique of the European Union as an idea of the actions of European Parliament or European Commission, and it's also because that climate change policies the jurisdiction of the European Union. So whatever is issued by the European Parliament must be implemented by Member States. So it's a very easy target for critique.

607
01:40:32.280 --> 01:40:48.039
saying that it's not us is the Brussels. It's the EU who wanted us to do that, etc. So did you find European level actors in the network? Did you find very specific European Union-related topics and arguments? Thank you.

608
01:40:48.450 --> 01:40:50.590
Okay, yeah,

609
01:40:54.240 --> 01:41:18.000
hello. I'm I'm Katie from from Japan, and I have all for a question to Dr. loser So in your research, it shows that there actually is a conventional in tenth-party. study doesn't work for this climate change, skip decision, and it

610
01:41:18.050 --> 01:41:23.060
pretty much relates how to how we then should

611
01:41:23.220 --> 01:41:44.610
designs of how we should, we should design the research strategy. And I'm wondering how exactly you identified these actors and how you could find out these connections that you you refer to. So, could you explain more detail, your research procedure? Thank you very much.

612
01:41:45.930 --> 01:41:47.799
any other questions.

613
01:41:49.850 --> 01:41:51.300
Yeah, okay, please.

614
01:42:07.910 --> 01:42:18.810
yeah, thank you to all. Sorry. I was not able to listen to all. But I'm Gwen Paula from the Philippines, my base Augustine research. Hi, Dr. Carmichael.

615
01:42:19.030 --> 01:42:25.639
She was my final chair in an Environmental Justice Conference at the

616
01:42:25.710 --> 01:42:37.889
United Kingdom, and then Karen. Hello! Now I see you. I just met her on online the other day. My question, maybe for all, Nala, maybe make her closing statement. Now.

617
01:42:38.030 --> 01:42:40.100
after hearing all the

618
01:42:40.230 --> 01:42:51.709
my sharing, or I mean moving forward especially, we're already in climate, emergency mode, and Pop will have what top 27, maybe, or

619
01:42:52.070 --> 01:42:58.900
for on you and your closing remarks, but moving forward for the non-state actors. Yeah, thank you.

620
01:43:00.560 --> 01:43:02.010
Okay. A

621
01:43:02.470 --> 01:43:20.820
only several minutes left. So from sunjing, please make a very short, quick response. Thank you for your attention and a question, yeah.

622
01:43:20.950 --> 01:43:34.640
concerning the labor unions position? I think they agreed with the Ndc. Upgrade, but their concern was given to their maintained employment.

623
01:43:34.760 --> 01:44:03.680
so they said. They always emphasized the just, the transition, but it means, even though we close the coal-fired power plant or the workers for that power plant should have Another chance to be employed so. But it gives us some another issue, because, you know, young people were those who have not been employed. They

624
01:44:03.680 --> 01:44:32.600
so those people should have new jobs. But the conventional! Employer! Employees want to keep their position in other working area. So it gives us some conflict. So anyway, we need more discussion. But you know, actually, the Government invited the 2 representative a labor unions. President, but one

625
01:44:32.650 --> 01:44:56.979
just accepted. So Korea has a 2 representative Labour Union Umbrella group, but just one group participated so it was not enough. But they made their own statement and they opened it on our website. So they totally agreed that the upgrade. Okay, thank you. Sanji. the next. Tkashi, please.

626
01:44:58.080 --> 01:45:10.339
I'm answering for the first question. And well, actually, Yokohama has a strong internal factored because it's the biggest city in Japan with the you know, big

627
01:45:10.380 --> 01:45:22.320
how to see capacity such as you know, expertise or personnel and budget. And it has a you know, history, long history of, you know, kind of, you know. Hop around. Among the Japanese municipalities.

628
01:45:22.360 --> 01:45:43.860
So such internal factors matter in peds. Our not our municipality makes us such a declaration or not. We also did some kind of, you know. quantitative analysis as well that that analysis shows that you know such internal factors really matter, especially at the early stage of the exhalation.

629
01:45:44.650 --> 01:45:53.499
Yeah, thank you. next. comment. can you? reply to some questions.

630
01:45:54.900 --> 01:46:10.710
Carmit Lubanov: I'm a very strong that locator for for the a scale of collaboration. I mean, it is already proved, I mean, in our data for the Mediterranean, for the you may determine.

631
01:46:10.820 --> 01:46:12.580
Carmit Lubanov: It's also

632
01:46:12.880 --> 01:46:17.619
Carmit Lubanov: I I don't know how much in determined the way to put it, but the that

633
01:46:17.640 --> 01:46:23.670
Carmit Lubanov: it's fun on a State level for many countries to meet the

634
01:46:24.040 --> 01:46:30.269
Carmit Lubanov: a 2,030 objectives as defined in the cop. 21 in Paris.

635
01:46:30.470 --> 01:46:39.489
Carmit Lubanov: So I would like very much if there is someone in the in this group, or, you know, to to to share information on that

636
01:46:39.580 --> 01:46:46.699
Carmit Lubanov: on the, although it's not in the excellence of the State level. I mean not to take the whole of the government.

637
01:46:46.710 --> 01:47:00.490
Carmit Lubanov: but without regional collaboration of network of civic organization and academics mainly, it will not work in. I mean, we cannot leave it only to the government and what is

638
01:47:00.790 --> 01:47:17.200
Carmit Lubanov: like for the Mediterranean region when it there is a huge gap between the South Mediterranean. They Northern Africa countries and to the North Mediterranean, which is basically most of them are EU Member States.

639
01:47:17.370 --> 01:47:30.509
Carmit Lubanov: So the target is not only the greenhouse gas emission mitigation, but also the reduce of the gaps in the ability and capacity of the countries to cope with the climate.

640
01:47:30.840 --> 01:47:35.849
Carmit Lubanov: readiness, resilience, a long term, a strategy.

641
01:47:36.580 --> 01:47:46.620
Yeah, thank you. And Alex, can you reply to Kg's question

642
01:47:46.640 --> 01:48:02.050
because we have fake news if you go? Yes, of course, there's a lot of disinformation in these networks, and they actually operate along these lines of serving exact echo chambers. I mean, it's that's in a statistic.

643
01:48:02.090 --> 01:48:08.900
The most interesting question, I think, is the one about the European dimensions from national dimension. Yes, of course there is some.

644
01:48:08.910 --> 01:48:26.810
if you will. There are some actors, because the the far right that was identified as one. Sub-network is obviously also organized at the level of the European Parliament. I can't say much more about this now, but there is a paper I have published together the Amanda ancient 2 years ago. But the is the far right in Europe turning green, and the answer

645
01:48:27.150 --> 01:48:53.010
they don't expect they were in read to peck as a spoiling it. Now the answer is into a certain degree, because there's no, there's no climate science, skepticism in the European, far right? But of course, they would like to have it in a in a national context, and they also incorporate the the refugee topic into this narrative, and lastly, I would love to the the method, but I respect the time. If you have 2 min after a session of one.

646
01:48:53.060 --> 01:48:59.269
you can just sit down and have a bit more time. Yeah, thank you. And beat us.

647
01:49:03.910 --> 01:49:26.300
So, as I understand the and I make out of time. So when it comes to climate emergency. Well, the things are not working quickly. And yeah, as I'm working on the you, so it's like it will take time. So I just wish it could like on for a work on the sustainability topics. Just

648
01:49:26.560 --> 01:49:31.390
yeah. Thank you. Finally, a cardin. Yeah, please.

649
01:49:32.400 --> 01:49:36.100
Karin Gustafsson: And thank you very much. I'm I'm not sure if I

650
01:49:36.780 --> 01:49:51.439
Karin Gustafsson: I have the comment to say I I don't. I didn't hear a question directly to me, but thank you very much for for this very interesting presentation that I all of the presentations. I gained a lot of listening to them. So

651
01:49:51.710 --> 01:49:53.409
Karin Gustafsson: yeah, thank you.

652
01:49:53.640 --> 01:49:57.360
Karin Gustafsson: I'll be following up what you've been in. Thank you.

653
01:49:57.790 --> 01:50:04.479
Yeah, thank you very much. Yeah.  to find our day. Yeah.

654
01:50:04.900 --> 01:50:17.679
 very little bit. A few audiences. But every a presentation, each of speakers

655
01:50:17.750 --> 01:50:28.099
very updated and very rich and very exciting presentations. Thank you very much.

656
01:50:28.490 --> 01:50:30.750
And for you.

657
01:50:30.770 --> 01:50:34.000
Carmit Lubanov: listening, yeah, thank you very much.