WEBVTT

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everybody to join our migration and relocation session this afternoon. I hope you guys had a great lunch in the brain.

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and we have, we have 6 different presentation today, and unfortunately, only in Kaba, Dr. Olenkava is. It's not able to join us today, the first presenter. But So so yeah. So there's that. And we have Dr. Haley Mattusa to talk about climbing

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climate refugees and the mobility issues. And then we have a recording from Dr. Kasablu. She's on religious retreat this week, so she won't be able to join us. But she, I provide the recording, and I will show the recording during the session. The recording is actually 30Â min long. But I will cut that at a 15Â min point.

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Okay? And then we have

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from Turkey. But I don't. She's supposed to present online, but I don't see her here. Maybe she will join us later.

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and she'll be talking about amenity migrations and organizations stuff. And then we have Dr. Do over there from Taiwan, and he is going to talk about

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relocation issues and for the aboriginal groups in Taiwan after the Typhoon

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rock. Sorry, and then fine. And then we have the Dr. Lucia from Poland. Oh, nice to meet you, sir.

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and that she'll be talking about Ukrainian migrants who stayed in the families and houses, and those situations and stuff. And finally, we have the Dr. Kawasi here with us, which you will be zooming from Japan and talking about the recovery issues, relocation issues after the nuclear power planned issues. but in the past

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making it back 10 years ago, basically.

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okay, so

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we fell further, do you? I think we will have our first presenter here, and oh, yeah, and some of our rules. So the presentation will be about 15Â min long.

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and we will take questions by the end of. And they just to make sure everybody has.

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And yeah, and I will to you

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you so much.

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Thank you so much. good afternoon, everyone. I'm e Mahalimatusadia. I'm from Department of Sociology State, Islamic University, Jakarta, Indonesia. And today I would like to present my ongoing research project on title escaping from environmental catastrophes, climate refugees, and gender dimension of mobility, justice in Indonesia?

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Can I move this

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sorry?

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Oh, with this one we cannot use this. It doesn't work. It's no oops. Okay, sorry about this.

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so Indonesia basically is facing detrimental effect of climate change, as many areas in Indonesia, especially in the coastline below sea level and vulnerable to sinking, and many arias also have a very significant and subsidized and tidal floods. This is some example of how the floods happening in Indonesia and the coastal areas

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and also regarding to

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climate change. Mobility is often considered as a crucial strategic adaptation in responding to climate change, and most of the study in the issues of mobility of climate change often focus on the large scale of population mobility. But in my case I would like to looking at in a more, a small scale, in indirect, a migration or mobility in a limited to a climate climate change.

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and also the right of mobility, often consider, Depend on different socioeconomic and political factors where the individual live in, and also regarding to gender women are often, More vulnerable in in relation to environmental risk and climate change.

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And considering this background. So my study aims to investigate gender dimension of the relationship between climate change and mobility justice. By addressing this 3 questions. The first one is to what extend this climate change contribute to women different capability for mobility, and the second, one focus more on the is in the government and political aspects, and also the last one on how these women perceive and respond to the climate change in effect, to their lives.

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And for this study. I I I I used to different perspective the first one mobility, justice perspective, this perspective help to to explain or to understand how power and inequality ship the pattern of mobility and immobility, as well as have not only understand the mobility, but also immobility, such as how the people trap, unable to move from certain area.

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especially in the case of my study, is in the vulnerable area of floodings, and also I use intersectional perspective by looking at how the intersection of multiple identities of women in the area affected by

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affect. Their capability for mobility.

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so intersectionality it originally adopted in the context of a legal system in the United States. But recently many studies have been adopted this perspective in various types of research and policy. And I would like to use this perspective to looking at how the issues of climate mobility, justice in Indonesia.

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This is the framework, or I use the. So I adopted this from right. But He and the colleague use this in this concept in the context of health. And I want to adopt this in the context of climate, immobility, how the structural or macro level, interpersonal in terms of meso and interpersonal in micro level, interrelated and affect how the women in the affected area Have their capability to move, or to mobile or immobile.

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So this is the case. Study that I'm working on. It's a a city, one of the city in the central Java, and this city is very vulnerable to tidal floods because they look at it. It's located in a coastal area, and The the land subsidiance in this city is also very fast, considering the highest. Compare all the the the coastal area in Java.

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This is also the the map of the location where I am doing my study.

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This is the example of the flood. Recently, in February the twentieth, 23,

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and in terms of method In addition to use or analyzing some document from the Government, I also conducted qualitative case study in Pakalawan since September, 2,022, and I have already interviewed 25 women in 2 sub-district North Pakalan and a Wisp column, in which these 2 areas are more vulnerable to to tidal floods.

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and this is some a glance of the profile of my informant. So most of the women in my study. more than 50% are age of 41 to 50 years old, and then most of them are married. Only 12% divorce. So yeah, 12% divorce and 8%. We do it.

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And in terms of education, most of of my informant only had elementary school educations and in terms of employment. Most of them are stall sellers, small stall seller, and then in terms of length of stay, most of them staying in the same place in this

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in this formula area around 20 to 30 years, 24% of them living there have already lived there for a long time, and then 20% already been in this area around 40 to 50 years. So basically, they cannot move around

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trapped

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in this situation. So let's move on to the finding I want looking at the in the context of Micro level. First, how the intersections of different identities in this case I do not analyze

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the identity in terms of ethnicity and religion, because all of the participant, almost population in this area are Muslim, and they are also in the from the same ethnicity. Japanese. So I do not include these 2 identities. So I just looking at, for example, in terms of mobility, I see the intersection of age income marital status and employment status affect the probability, all the capability of women to move. In this case younger generation are more likely to be able to move

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better rather than the older generation. This is some the quotation from from the interview I had, so I interviewed their mothers. They they they mentioned that their daughter, who, already 26 years old, they works outside of the area in Karawang. Arawa is industry, industrial, complex, close to Jakarta, and yet the one also she already married, and she joined with her husband

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mit Ctl. And in Bokasti, because he also close to Jakarta, the central city. So these young people or young generation are more likely to have the better mobility compared to their parents. 250,

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and in terms of immobility I found that there is intersection between marital status income education and also employment status. In this case I I put the quote with the interview. I interfered with a divorce woman. So basically she want to move. But she said, Yes, I have a sufficient. If I have sufficient fun, I would like to move.

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but I'm unable to do so because she's already single parents. Right now she has a children, and she has to deal with everything. If she have to move on, or during the flood season or flood time, because there is no season right now, every time could be flood. So yeah, she has to deal with everything herself without husbands.

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So in this case the intersections of identity affect how the less probability of these women to to move.

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and another example of immobility! I see the intersection between age, disability, and property. So I interviewed this woman. She's very. She's already old, like 7 years old, and she's been living in this area for for ages since she was a child, and she said that I have to accept it because flood and and water come from God. We've already do many efforts to do that, but the flood is still coming. So she said that it's okay for my children to move. But

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I don't want to move because I already live here. So I see the difference. Capability of this this woman! To move outside of these vulnerable areas

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and move on to the Meso level. I see that the community support system or interpersonal relation with other. the family members, At the group of the society, especially affluent individual, and also a religious institution, help these women to manage their mobility, especially when they do a self-explanation. When The the flood

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happening like the the pictures I show you here. This is the mosque.

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So usually people will go to the MOS as a have a question place, and also on the right side you can see some pictures of people. This is from some Islamic. philanthropic organization! How they help these people affected by the floods and provide some food shelter and

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how to move from their hands to the F. A. Question place.

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and in terms of the government policy. I see that

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the government policy has no certain or limited, have very limited or even absence of policies regarding to climate, mobility of migration in their in their agenda, for example, I, looking at 3 different stage of the government because Indonesia is decentralized. So I'm looking at the national level in the national accent plan or hardware for national climate change, adaptation.

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We could not see any mobility or migration adaptation strikeleges in the provision level. The government has has a program. But most of the program focuss only on technical. And it's infrastructural development for climate change, especially the the construction of sea walls with the sunk pum to protect the residential area. But there is no program or policy regarding to relocations or any access for mobility.

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and in the district level in the city level of the color. And Recently the Government just initiates a relocation program. They call it.

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or my By by land get house means that if the

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the household by the land and government will help them building the house. But most of, as you mentioned, some, the the profile of my inform, and most of the people in this coastal area are from low income families, so it's still quite hard for them to only buy the land, while the Government only help them with the buying the house.

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And also it's only limited to 20 household in which Impacted by the control program, but not all the household impacted by the floods. So basically, the government still rely on individual decision or capability to move.

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And this is the example of the world that I mentioned.

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and because of, there's still low chance for mobility. I see this that. The impact of what happened is immobility, and because of the mobility this woman should be coexistent with flood. This is some the example of the picture that I took from my field work. How how they have to live side by side with the flat. Everywhere is water.

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and they said There! There was a rice filled before or football filled before, but now everywhere is water, water, and water. So how to deal with this situation? They adopt some strategies. Yeah, that's in strategies such as elevating a house foundation as you can see here they increase the level of the floor here 250,

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and this one is in more of lone complexes. It also increases the level of the floor or the building the second flow.

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So when the flood coming, they will move to the second floor.

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If they don't want to move outside all they go for equations, and also they they to do okay. So also they often do self or fall in the. If a question, then what I so called silk or mobility, because during the flood they might go somewhere else to their family, renting another house, or, as I said, Mosque Mosola. But then, once the floods finish yeah, finish, they will return back to their home. So they do this often

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anytime the flight coming. That's one of the strategies. Okay, I will. I would like to move to the conclusion. So I see that intersectional multi-level identities affect how women

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how the capability of women in infected area to mobile or impact to their mobile mobilities. And while in intersectional identity, my, I have negative impact on the women capability to Mobile. At the same time, it also helped them to adopt or to have a

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capacity to adaptation and resilience. And the last one is, it's more like the suggestion, a recommendation from my research that it's better for the government to focus on the the issues of my mobility policy or migration policy, because it's still missing in the government policy.

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Okay, thank you so much. That's my presentation

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right on time. Thanks.

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Oh, and I forgot to introduce myself. So I'm tracing Wol from University of North Texas, and I'm honor to share and moderate this session.

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So our next presenter, should you have a recording here, I believe.

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Oh, there you go!

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Hello! This.

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and you're just going to stock the Paul point. So

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the name of my presentation is relational evaluation of horse migration

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and respecting time, I will try to summarize my presentation in 30Â min.

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However, it consists of 55, and before.

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in my presentation of slice. Cooperative style is preferred. The view of Turkish locals and Syrian migrants, the views of government and opponents, politicians.

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and are compared, is positive and negative. Is courses.  I would like to to explain my presentation plan the theoretical relationship. There are 6 sections.

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the theoretical relationship between migration and disaster. Syrian migrants in Turkey by numbers, social discourse of Turkish Seasons against migrants.

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discourse of politicians, about migrants, scores of Surin and migrants, and finally, scientific solutions and suggestions.

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so I talked with that the Casablu. So if we are going to start a stop

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at the third section there, and if you guys are interested for the rest of the

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recording or Powerpoint feel free to come. Paper. Okay.

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in the first section I will explain migration and disaster relationship. A large quantity of human migration occurring in a short time

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unexpectedly, with so second and cultural impacts in daily life is called as disaster.

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and there are famous sociologists, Antony Giddens and Rick Beck. According to those scientists. there are 2 types of disasters, nature and human-made disasters.

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Syrians in Turkey, the first force and irregular ship a Syrian migration to Turkey starts in 2,011, due to the the Civil War in Surrey

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and Kubernetes, only grants temporary protection status to Theorean immigrants in accordance with its our legislation.

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Thus the State, Turkish State, and our Government does not fulfill some of its international obligations. According to the Turkish law, Syrians are not refugees.

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The reason Turkey has viewed Syrian migrants in this life is its intention to uphold the geographical limitation. Close of the

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1,951 Geneva Convention. According to this limitation class, Turkey only want to accept people as refugees if they come from European countries.

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which concept, if you ask which concepts are used officially in Turkey. refugee, asylum, seeker migrants, all these are denied not to take responsibilities.

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and Turkish government prefer to use guests, and so on. Arabs, Muslims run away, temporary people, unlicensed people, or in a surreal.

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sometimes earlier, alien. positive features of temporary protection.

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They have the right to remain in Turkey and access free health care. The direct also prohibits people from being punished for irregular entry and stay

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prohibits the forstable return of refugee or asylum seekers to a country Turkey and European Union relationship. Turkey's immigration policies to enter the European Union harmonized with Europe.

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and the return agreement or the admission is signed with the European Union. 2,016 free administration. It is the term often used to describe the statement of cooperation between youth, EU States, and Turkish Government, which was signed in

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in March 2,016. As I mentioned before. the European Council and Turkey reached an agreement aimed at stopping the flow of irregular migration via Turkey to Europe.

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In exchange, Turkey would receive 6 billion to improve the euro, to improve the and humanitarian situation faced by refugees in the country

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foreigners, including runaways in Turkey.

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 Turkish Total population is 84 more than 84 million. The ratio of Syrian immigrants to Turkey's population is

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4.25%. The total of temporary protection and residence permits in Turkey in official figures is around 5 million.

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Unfortunately, the real numbers are more than 5 million. Actually, the number is more than 13 million.

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and it is the 15% of Turkish population proportional of Syrians dispersed to all Turkish States.

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And I did 8% and only visiting India camps are 50,001.4%.

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Stephen season given Syrians are more than half a million. and citizenship is given in exchange for buying a house for

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$400,000. Voluntary returning according to the Ministry of Interior. around 500,000 Syrians went back voluntarily, but

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according to the United Nations, recourse, this number is only 100,000 number of Syrians deported for security reasons. It's not much, only 19

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1,000,

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and I would like to share some information about the recent earthquake. and I call it disaster change. February 2,023 were to break.

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On the sixth of February 50,000 people died in provinces of Turkey, in North Korea

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Point, 6 and 16. More than 16 of the general population of Turkey affected from this earthquake around 14 million.

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and also 49 of Syrian immigrants were affected.

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and the population number of affected Sur and 1.7 million.

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because the earthquake occur both in cities close the Syrian border in agricultural areas

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where people under the temporary protection are mostly employed illegally.

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Some other statistics. 70% of Syrians who migrated to Turkey, due to due to the Civil War, are women and children.

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and their average age is 22.3 number of children born in Turkey. It is again officially the only

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half 1 million and a half 1 million, but actually the number is children born in Turkey's more than 1,500,000

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number of children between 0 and 10, a  2 and 8, and you between 15 and 24 years.

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and the the ratio is 20%

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education and employment education. At at the University there are 48 Syrian students. Number of children are studying in primary education.

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It is more than university students 7,

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771

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Thousands! Education and services are provided free of charge. Employment is not come on outside of agriculture, jobs, security and majors are insufficient work. Permit holders

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31,000, or 31

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1,000, and a company or ownership is only 15,000,

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and the third section of my presentation will be social reactions from Turkish citizens. and there are 2 different columns, first, negative hate speech, and secondly, I will present, I will share positive brotherhood, discourse.

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and negative discourse. There are 4 subsections, identity, security, the difficulty of living together, and finally, economic worries

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and positive this course. See? As temporary guests see, as religious brothers caring about humanitarian aid, give practical support, thinking that they make an economic contribution.

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Starting from identity discourse. I have the tail information, but due to the time restriction. I will just read a few words

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if your statement, if you I will give some belief. Examples. Syrian, go home, go from my home. Syrians have yanked up and turned into Mafia

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about social security. Syrians expanded the truth of Turkey. and the murder centers have increased since they arrived. We can't go out of the home. We left the beaches and picnic places to them completely.

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and it continues, they create isolated ghettos. In big cities their numbers increase. 8 million, according to optimists, plan 11 million according to pessimists.

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and I will share some information about scores of living together. So, according to Turkish population, Turkish citizens, they say serials must live in the cans. I don't want to live with Syrians. Their traditions and customs do not match us.

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and unofficial religious marriage, the Switzerland woman create a threat to our family lives. We don't want our children to educate in the same class and school.

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and Turkish students also have economic and Boris, and there is an economic threat discourse. Syrians are living and feeding with my taxes, rent or houses increases. We are losing our jobs because they are working without security and global wages.

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And I will share some positive integration. This course. some of our Turkish citizens say they are guests. Pens are first of all. If citizenship is given their integration into social society will accelerate. Don't be racist.

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man. Syrian crimes, you react, emitted immediately. Racism is devil. We are all of God's servants. Without Syrians employed in agriculture. The prices of the fruit and vegetables would be even higher.

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Join businesses are established in border States. and I will give some information about.

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and we have to stop there. Okay, so if you are, you guys are interesting because Dr. Kasabo's the rest of the recording or her research feel free to contact me or contact her. And we, I have the video, the whole video. Actually. So if you want like, you can get it from me back during the eyesight.

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Okay, so let's move on to the next.

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So our next presenter will present on from

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Turkey online. But I'm not sure if she is here, doctor. all Janice, are you here?

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Hello!

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No. Okay? Well.

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yeah. She sent the Powerpoints yesterday, but she might pop up later. So we will move on and have Dr. Lou to be the next one. If you are ready.

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good afternoon. I'm Jin-hw from Central Police University, Taiwan.

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and it's my great honor to present my current study here. The topic of my study is

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our social culture, and that livelihood reconnections. Eternal relocation. Recovery of relocating the indigenous community after time for Moroc in Taiwan

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a relocation after the Lester is the commonly used major to reduce future risk. However, it can also change the social structure, a culture and the livelihood of the original community, especially for indigenous communities.

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In this presentation I will show you the experience of how indigenous community in Taiwan deal with social structure, culture, and livelihood issues after relocation due to typhoon. Morraq.

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Okay. Thank you.

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typhoon. Iraq struck Taiwan in early August. 2,009. A coaching severe landscape and a fraud due to tremendous rainfall. A promisely 6,000 household in a one in 61 locations were rated on. She

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about 70% of them are in the genius, people

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in teaching us people.

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and the han-thominate government has limited knowledge about indigenous community, and do not truly respect their traditional knowledge

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in terms of socioeconomic situation. Indigenous household have lower income compared to hand household.

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making it difficult for them to quickly repeat the their house.

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Therefore the Government collaborate with Ngos to provide free housing as an incentive to a track, impacted households, to relocate it to others safer places and to speed up the whole housing recovery process.

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however, a relocation after Deleter is neighbor and Ed tasks. We have learned from the literature that relocation often caused social culture and delivery. Hood issues are even with and in

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integrated the plan without proper management and the implementation, the relocation program may fail.

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and in the case of indigenous community relocation is sophisticated, a participation is come up of which is exacerbated the form mentioned. The issue, however, if social capital is adequately utilized.

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an indigenous community can access a recovery resource, and the mean-layer recovery needs.

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In the case of indigenous community relocation in Taiwan the compensation of the relocated community is diverse. Some community are countries with different ethnic city group from different township, and some have a single ethnic group, but from different village.

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and the other only have a one ethnicity group from the same village.

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This study aim to exam how the relocated, indigenous community recover, and the way they face problems related to social structure, culture and the livelihood.

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Occasionally under this study is pros. When the composition of the relocated community meters.

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the research employee cited in depth interviews with community details, our residents and government officers.

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The study also utilized data from recovery Progress Survey, conducted by National Science and the Technology Center for Delester reduction in Taiwan in 2,019

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to provide quantitative evidence of life-list, a lifestyle culture and the livelihood of the cases.

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Okay, he assures the cases we selected

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this study.

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utilize a proposal for

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are sampling to select cases with different relocation composition.

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Our 3 cases are selected. The first one is.

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let me see in that in a right one. I, re Linardi, and the the second one is a new line in the deaf, in the leftmost one, and the euros. All the 3 cases are located in Pinton County. It's in the same county, and in the first case

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Brinadi consists of 2 ethnicity group Pi one, and the Lukai from 3 village in different township we have

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for

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4, 83 housing unit and several public facilities, and that they consist of 3 villages, and each village have its own community center, our culture and the health center and the churches. And there

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these 3 villages share the same elementary school.

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and in the second case, a new, ie. Consists of a shingle ethnicity group. but are relocated from different. A village, a new I

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has a 12 housing unit, one community center, one culture and the health center, one traditional State House and the 3 churches.

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and that there is no elementary school here.

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In the third case, a uarus consists of a single ethnic group from the same village, and that the entire village has been relocated. Uradu's heads are one

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15 hey. housing unit.

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a community center, a culture and a health center, a traditional State House

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and churches.

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And before I go to the progress of recovery, I need to mention the pre-event context of indigenous community prior to

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Typhoon Iraq, the indigenous community in Taiwan faces significant social culture and the economic development issue, the impact of the colonization and the modernization caused significant change in the social and cultural aspect in indigenous community due to

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in her

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equation, to the Martin society, the younger generation

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are migrated to urban area in search of better job and a career, but due to limited education and a significant proportion of indigenous.

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Our people were employed in the construction sector

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an organization, and this connection from the original community did the younger generation, especially the second or the third generations, to prioritize the other aspects over the preservation of traditional culture on the original community's social structure was also altered under colonization and modernization.

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weakening the traditional or nobility camera relationship. And the people in government sector.

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such as elected officer or the general officer, are controlled.

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or a location of public resources, and a religious, also proud and important role in indigenous community in Taiwan, and the majority of them are Christian.

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Okay.

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our actor, Typho Morak. the national government Activity involved themselves in community activity to understand the community needs and provide the recovery resource. However.

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the relocated community had to build consensus, to communicate with the governmenters.

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to let them know what they need in the Nadi, which consists of 3 villages from 2 ethnicity groups.

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One of the village hotel. was completely damaged and relocated, while the all 2 experienced partial damage, and the relocation they from the 3 village association to discuss A about their decision or their vision.

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If this agreement arose, they utilize their family connection to a chief agreement. and the Lussek and the case in New La E

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which can set up

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a single ethnicity group, but residents are from the front of each village in the same township.

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They established that a community management committee to discuss community needs. However, the elected officer or representative pray a key rule, and that their decisions were influenced by the political judge because they have the previous political conflict.

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Prior to that

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event in Euraros, where the interoperability was relocated, they utilized their traditional committee meeting. A committee needed a meeting to make recovery decision.

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Okay?

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And for for government allocating resources. To build physical facility is easier. However, the Government also provide resources for non-physical program to facilitate the social and the cultural recovery

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in the relocated community. All of them have notable interest status. I don't surely, in the picture and in Dinardi there are 3 statues. Representing the different village.

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and the iconic tradition of that house, I think, is in the upper right.

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after that. In your side are were built in a Nye and the uaros. The Government also provide the founding equivalent to above. 3,000 Us. Dollars per household to decorate a le.

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Our houses with traditional cultural symbols.

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Our churches community center and the culture and the health center also facilitate interpersonal recommendation in these cases.

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So you can see the church in the

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our door bright and the community center in that door that

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oh, sorry.

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Many interviews are mentioned that the population of the community has increased because of the young generation are working in nearby cities can live in this relocated community, and a commuter to their workplace

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and other traditional culture are also maintained in waiting or funeral or celebrations.

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however, that the residents complain about. They can From them, because for that they are not able to covet traditional crops like immediate or taro.

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and from our quantitative data, we this shows is evaluated the satisfaction about the original lifestyle. keen connection, culture, inheritance, and from then needed. And the from the research issues that euros have higher satisfaction, and that that is the village with only one.

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It is a relocated community with only one village of the single ethnicity competition.

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and for the likelihood they try to think about our traditional culture and to cope that young generation back.

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and that

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all right.

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A Kamiye. She's a

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a roughly good opportunity, and they try to mobilize the resource provided by Government in the late too many trial.

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and then they try to create the job related to tourism or layer traditional crops. So it new, ie. They have a horse family provide cultural encounters, and I'm sorry. In Dinari, in the new lai they try to do some traditional agricultural product, but it seems fair, and in Euraros they are successful successfully. A promote their or for free products.

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and the majority of the income are around. people who stay in the relocated community and to work in the nearby cities

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and that

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quantitative data. Surely for the job opportunity. They are unusual or slightly satisfied with the result.

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And it's it's the last night. So from are these 3?

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I will say they have a relatively successful result in cultural, a social culture and activity, good recovery

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and a social structure transformed in response to recovery.

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Okay, traditional social, such as kingship relations and the community meeting

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concrete.

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So Sheila had a consensus building.

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and that does the community composition. Meta, from my opinions. I say I will say yes. for the community. With a single simpler structure we work easier to use their traditional way to get the consensus, and I have several policy recommendations

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for the Maltese community. It is important to preserve the boundary among the settlements and respect their community function during the recovery process and the consulting public service facility can facilitate post

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delayed her social convention.

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and if if relocation is still unnecessary, the location is important, and that the trilogy are challenged, related to culture and social changes. Our cause by modernization and urbanization cannot be fully addressed through the Postal Delester recovery efforts, and I also found

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This some different between a totally relocated community or and the partially partial relocated community. But I don't have much much evidence right now. So

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maybe I can share you in the future. Thank you.

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And

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actually, there's 2 of us.

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I need to use that for.

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So let's start over. Welcome. Good afternoon, everyone. My name is Kamil Luther. This is von Nhalo Novichoka. Today we are going to talk about one of the social consequences of brutal Russian aggression invasion on Ukraine.

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So our project is focused on Ukrainian refugees in Poland. So first, Ivan, I will introduce the project, and then I will discuss some preliminary results. That's our plan for today.

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Thanks, camel. Good afternoon. Okay, so we we are making this project from a year and a few months, I guess right now. we are the team of 5 people, not only 2, and coming is the Api and his deputy, and we have a Ukrainian interviewer, the moderator of our interviews which are conducted in Ukrainian and Russian, which are the native languages of our interviewees.

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We also have anesthesia Mikolenko from Montreal, who is now working on a border with humanitarian and support.

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and doing her ethnographic studies, and Patrick Vrinsky, who is responsible for the analysis of emotions because some of our interviews are recorded on video.

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So the thing with the immigrants in Poland is that

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we have right now 2 different waves of refugees who would like to come into, and one of them are on the Polish Belarusian border, which is more on the north.

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they are completely denied to come.

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The Government doesn't. Don't let them come in, and the society is also not very interested in helping these people. Besides some of the activists and celebrities and activists mainly.

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And on the other side, we have Ukrainian refugees which came with in a big wave.

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and they are welcomed and supported in all possible way, I guess.

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The differences between these 2 waves of people wanted wanting to come in

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is that the refugees from the Polish by the rational border are mainly males.

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Very often young males, and they are usually from Asian or Middle East countries, and from Syria, and so on, and those from Ukraine are mainly women with children and dependent. People like otherly people or disabled people. So this is this is the difference.

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And maybe I would like to I I to stress that before this wave of migration, Poland wasn't the country of a great amount of minorities or immigrants. After the second food, this is the consequence of of the Second World War.

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okay. So After this Russian invasion. More than 10 million people cross the Polish Ukrainian border within a few months.

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Of course, some of them go went further to the East on other countries like us, of course, and Canada, and so on. But more than a million about 1 million and a half are still living in Poland right now.

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and about from 13 to 15% of them were living or are still living in Polish homes like guests in private houses.

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okay. And the reason why we took this issue

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under our study was that in media discourse to Poland was perceived as

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superhero of humanitarian aid. Let's react like something like this.

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And we wanted to check if there are only positive side of this support for Ukrainians. And what are the problems? Because for sure.

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There we we were expecting some problems of different which.

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So the the problem in our study was private hospitality and home accommodation, and the relations between her and guests.

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There are some questions from 2 different sides, because we are interviewing both hosts and guests.

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So we wanted to check their perspectives, and we used. Idi structured Interviews and cross-cases! Approach!

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And also repeated interviews. This study is ongoing, so we are still doing their interviews and analyzing it

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all the time.

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and we are

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talking with people from Ukraine who are living in near the South.

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the Self.

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the East. So this border, sorry where we live, actually, because it's our region. This is it. This is the map. I'm not sure how far the you know

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geography of of Eastern Europe. But Joshua is the is our town where we live right now. Flammished is the main train station. Pr. The is the main transation, which is the first gate for Ukraine's in the Polish border, and a lot of people came from Ver as well. So

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we are also studying people in cracko. So this in this, in this corner?

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we have plants and are introducing 4 stages of data collection. interviews with hosts, because we thought at the beginning of the war that it's

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maybe unethical to talk with refugees right out of the they just scroll to across the board of very traumatized. So we started with her, and then we are interviewing guests in their own languages, as I said. Then interviews with host again, and repeated interviews with host which is ongoing stage.

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and we are discussing. All these interviews in seminars. Each each interview is discussed among us because they are done in Ukrainian and Russian, then translated into English by by Anastasia, and we are discussing the English versions in the team.

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 okay. And the idea was about 40 questions.

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sometimes similar in both for hosts and guests, persons, and they are divided into different categories. And for this This presentation, which shows The quotations from the categories being a guest, household and expectations and hosting and negotiation from host.

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There's one more thing which needs to be emphasized because we wanted to have 2 sides of this relation, because first we interviewed the hosts

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and we encountered some problems. But this was a part of the story, so we decided to have them in Paris. So we have guessed

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host pair, and then we are able to compare those 2 narrative, and, as you probably expected, there are some inconsistencies between those 2 narratives. Sometimes they are in line. The facts are the same. The interpretations of those facts are pretty much similar, but sometimes the image or depiction of the host is

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completely different when we are interviewing the hosts as compared to the version of the guest. But today we don't have much time to talk about it.

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So let me move on to our preliminary results. So the first thing is as expected when you have someone

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in your house. Chances are that they are like minor things, some small adjustments which need to be made so as you can see here. 2 very, I think clear examples are presented. The first example is an interview with Magdalena. who was complaining about behavior of her guest.

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They were not able to recycle properly plastic paper, and so on and so forth, which cost like minor problem. But even if she told them explicitly to do that. They refused. So you know, you can imagine the atmosphere. Then the second excerpt is about children, of course, because the guest was

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a lady in her sixties, I would say, so. Her own children are already grown up adult but she invited the family with small children, and she couldn't actually live with them. So she left her own house. She moved to the summer house to be able to perform her academic work, but these are like very small things

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from other studies about in-house hosting. We knew that they should occur, but they

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did not. like challenge the overall very positive image of hospitality. obviously the same can be traced in the narratives of the guests.

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as you can see here. They thought that some hosts bought unnecessary things, for instance, some

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some of them had the like different approach to parenting. I think that last excerpt is the most meaningful here is about, you know, running around the house naked. So for one, mother was completely okay for the other one was not and they couldn't like have universal rules. So the again, truly bad. But I would

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consider this as a minor problem, because

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real problems are here.

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Most of our interviewees felt uprooted. They

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felt that they do not belong to the Polish society, as as you can see, one of the interview is. put it. very clearly. She felt like nobody in the middle of nowhere, because she couldn't come back to Ukraine. And although Paul Polish people were supportive. She didn't feel as a part of Polish. society!

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What's more, many Ukrainian guests took, or trauma with them. For instance, here you have an excerpt about. It is a narrative of the host, and she's telling us that at some point husband of her guest just died.

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and she got this information over the phone, and she was supposed to tell this woman that her

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husband just died. So she was preparing for for this event. She was consulting how she should do that. So it was an enormous emotional burden for her.

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but There are other situations associated with emotional coast, of hosting refugees at home. But I didn't think we have time to do that. What it's worth emphasizing. It's that some hosts were too strongly attached to their guests, meaning they wanted to have kind of new families.

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but at the same time the refugees just wanted to shelter, so they didn't want to be their like sisters, brothers, or whatever they just wanted to shelter, and 250

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 Some hosts couldn't understand. that! So perhaps we we can move on to the first part of this presentation, because

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the third problem was associating with othering. It was associated with othering, or having 2 sorts of migrants, because, both in the population of hosts and in a population of guests.

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we had some very clear divisions among migrants, meaning that there are good migrants and bet migrants. So the Polish case is more more clear, and Ivana already mentioned, that because in our interviews we also ask the question about possible refugees from Syria

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question was like that, are you

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happy, or are you willing to host a Syrian refugee in the future? And you can see a model answer here. So it was

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generally a yes, but with a lot of reservation in that, because, those people pointed out to cultural differences to. But they expected possible problems. So why, they were completely okay with having Ukrainian refugees in their homes, because Ukrainian languages similar religion is same similar, and so on and so forth.

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They were not so happy to have people from Syria, for example, which is kind of compatible with

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public discourse with what we can hear in government media. So this. Was not that surprising? What was more surprising for us? was the division within the Ukrainian sample, because

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the refugees themselves believe that they are also good and bad Ukrainian refugees. The good ones were from the East, people who had to leave because Russians invited their cities, they regions, and so on. But at the same time they believe that in Ukraine there are safe regions. For instance, Levi, and those those kind of those cities close to the Polish border.

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and, as you can see here, they.

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these people, blamed their compatriots for coming to Poland and for taking places in private homes, in shelters, because, in their opinion, people from Western Ukraine shouldn't go to Poland because the West was relatively safe, and this topic was

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very popular in in our interviews. obviously, it's qualitative research. So we can't give you any percentages. But it's not like an exception. That's a pattern, not an exception.

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On the other hand, those from the west of Ukraine. said that people from the Eastern Ukraine were kind of associated with Russian culture. That Russian language they were speaking was something intolerable. So there were also blaming their compatriots.

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And I think we run a lot of time. So let me just briefly summarize, because what we are looking at

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we can see it. We refer to it as multi-faceted hospitality, or as

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have it. it's kind of hostility which is the blending of hospitality and and hostility at the same time, because these people were hospitable. But sometimes there was. We're also hostile. And we're trying to to show this nature of polish hospitality.

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01:05:58.560 --> 01:06:13.630
what? What's important. I guess it's that after Ukraine and refugees move out from Polish houses they usually lost contact. So this is like a temporary situation. And this

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01:06:13.630 --> 01:06:40.049
overarching narrative of brotherhood between Poland and Ukraine. Obviously there's political objective behind that. But at least judging from our interviews. it's not like that from the micro scale, from the micro perspective. So this is the human face of this refugee miracle to which you wanna refer to at the very beginning. Thank you so much.

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The

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thanks. Our next presenter is Kawazzo. I'm from Japan. And

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are you ready? Are you there?

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Ms. Kawazoi, are you there?

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Saori Kawazoe:  Can you see the slides?

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Yes, we can.

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Saori Kawazoe: Okay.

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Saori Kawazoe: Good. Hi! My name is sorry, cause I from Japan. And first of all, I would like to thank you all for this opportunity to share my research today, and I'm very honored to be part of this session.

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Okay?

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Saori Kawazoe: And this is the outline of my presentation. And

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Saori Kawazoe: the purpose of this research is to examine the process of rebuilding the lives of evacuees of Kashmir nuclear pipeline disaster and their current living conditions after the disaster, especially focusing on their relationship to local communities.

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Saori Kawazoe: And I'd like to depict the live world of these by case studies of patterns of reconstruction based on my field. Or I can interview data.

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Saori Kawazoe: And here are some. I show some of the basic data as a background of this research.

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Saori Kawazoe: Now, 12 years have passed since the great East Japan earthquake occurred in 2,011. It was a complex disaster, including earthquake and tsunami and Kushima diet. Nuclear Popland disaster, although it is not well known. Kushima prefecture is also also suffered a lot of human causalities and building damages from the earthquake and tsunami.

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Saori Kawazoe: The des toll over to 4,000 includes many related to.

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Saori Kawazoe: and this Mega disaster triggered long and large scale displacement of people. A vacation zone were established by the Government, depending basically on the degree of the contamination. Starting from March 11, 2,011, and reorganized and shrinked many times onward.

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Saori Kawazoe: The zone in pink is the difficult to return zone, and we still have these areas.

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Saori Kawazoe: And here's the number of people evacuated at at its peak. A 160,000 people are set to have evacuated from Fukushima Prefecture, including mandatory and voluntary evacues, and it is reported by the Government that they are still 27,000 evacuations today, which I will explain more later

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Saori Kawazoe: and earlier stages. There were more in in Prefecture evacuates in Fukushima Prefecture, but after the vacation orders were lifted, the total number of over 2 is decreased, and

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Saori Kawazoe: and those evacuated outside the Prefecture became the majority.

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Saori Kawazoe: And here's the table of residents. They or every the population statistics by the local municipality.

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Saori Kawazoe: And first, we have to note that the way of counting ever is is different.

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Saori Kawazoe: and from the previous previous

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Saori Kawazoe: a message. the total number of episodes is about 54,000, which is twice the number of the previous one

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Saori Kawazoe: in a second, even though evocation were lifted in many areas, many residents have not returned to their hometowns and remain living in the immigration area.

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Saori Kawazoe: And here's the willing willingness to return to of the residents based on the resident Pennsylvania Survey, conducted by the Reconstruction Agency and for Fukushima, prefecture and local municipalities. This graph compares the willingness of it to return in earlier stages, like 2,012

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Saori Kawazoe: and later stage is like 2,021.

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Saori Kawazoe: We can see

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Saori Kawazoe: a big change between these stages. In earlier stages half of the respondents could not decide whether to return.

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Saori Kawazoe: and as it they, they would return, if only if the conditions were right

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Saori Kawazoe: and later stages in areas, all the evacuation orders were lifted. Many residents seem to have decided about their future prospects, whether to return or not.

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Saori Kawazoe: On the other hand, in the areas in which they are, they are registered residents in difficult to return. So on, like Toomeoka Town, about only about 20% of the residents have returned or have decided to rejoice in future.

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Saori Kawazoe: In the areas, most of which are difficult to return zone.

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Saori Kawazoe: About 60% of red States have decided not to return, and only and 25% have not decided.

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Saori Kawazoe: And in the evacuation designated areas the contamination work and infrastructure development are carried out by local and national governments aiming to revitalize the area to encourage residents to return. However, as I mentioned above, after prolonged and dispersed displacement, the reality is that there are many residents who still live in the evacuation area even after these impact structures were built.

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Saori Kawazoe: And here's the chain of damage after the nuclear accident. And these are the issues evacues have faced. I'd like to note here that in addition to primary damage, like radiation, exposure, health concerns or environmental pollution, this prolonged and widespread displacement, cause many problems and challenges, including community laws, related death, loss of houses.

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Saori Kawazoe: and in recovery stage. For those who decided to migrate in relocation area. They are facing reduction or termination of assistance which are making them invisible.

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Saori Kawazoe: and for those who have returned to the original hometown they lack the leadership for reconstruction and facing difficulties to create a new community.

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Saori Kawazoe: and regardless of

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Saori Kawazoe: where the where, where they live, many are still involved in both evacuation area and evacuated area, which are their hometowns moving back and forth between these areas.

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Saori Kawazoe: The location of the evacuation site has a direct impact on the level of concentration of a degrees and the level of support for them

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Saori Kawazoe: in order to organize the ways evacuation involved in 2 areas. I'd like to divide the vacation destination regions into short distance and long distance, and categorize the patterns of by degree of involvement to their hometowns and idle.

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Saori Kawazoe: I will introduce each cases briefly. in case one is evacuated to a short distance in return to Hometown.

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Saori Kawazoe: And this person he's a male. He was warning to me, okay, down and run his own business

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Saori Kawazoe: in Toyoka, and you at the city which is the neighboring municipality to his Toyoka town.

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Saori Kawazoe: and before the earthquake he wrap up and sorry after the earthquake he evacuated with his family. After a lifting of the Evacuation order in 2,017 he built his houses house in to Meio. Kind returned his residence and base of activities to his original location. Since then he has been active in Hamadori area, which includes these evacuation designated area and

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Saori Kawazoe: a northern part of the the  neighbouring cities and the southern part of the living cities.

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Saori Kawazoe: and including other municipalities

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Saori Kawazoe: like these areas, and he described his life after returning to his hometown as well as when I returned to my hometown I found that no one had come back. The streets were dark at night, and I didn't really feel like I was living in the town.

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Saori Kawazoe: and it was our. It was around the time that the local festival began to be revived in the town, and he began to participate in these activities. And he said, for the first time, I felt that I was somehow living in this town in this case, because he's living area was originally large before there before the disaster. His displacement, due to the tester was relatively small.

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Saori Kawazoe: but he imagined in his narrative, returning to his one one's hometown does not necessarily mean that one can feel that he

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Saori Kawazoe: he's or she is living in that town

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Saori Kawazoe: through the revival of festivals, he was able to take root in the community and feel the presence of people around him, and was able to rebuild the relationship with them. Then he was finally realized. He he could realize that he had returned to his home town

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Saori Kawazoe: in case 2 is the the person who evacuated to to short distance and migrated. but now, commuting to hometown, she was born, and she was a community leader in.

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Saori Kawazoe: She was from Toomeyuka town as well, and she evacuated to the region coast to Tokyo. But she moved back to the city in 2,012. One year after disaster, when the

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Saori Kawazoe: town officials asked her to come back to to pushing my prefecture to support other countries, and she also wanted herself to be as close to her hometown as possible.

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Saori Kawazoe: so she decided to dismantle her house in Hometown when she saw her. So the rooms of the houses, and decided to rebuild New House in New York City, which was for a evacuation area.

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Saori Kawazoe: After she returned to that city she established a group of evacu. He created a place for them to

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Saori Kawazoe: get together.

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Saori Kawazoe: After the vacation hours of order was lifted, she started working at the restaurant in her hometown, and participates in the disaster. Archive as a

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Saori Kawazoe: storyteller and a guide spending about an hour commuting from her home to Iraqi City, where she lives.

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Saori Kawazoe: This type of lifestyle is only possible because the source I just

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Saori Kawazoe: evacuation area in the evacuated area within the commuting distance of each other. It is clear that the geographical conditions have a significant impact on this lifestyle

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Saori Kawazoe: and case study is the person who evacuated long distance and migrated.

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Saori Kawazoe: He lived in Tomiyakhotan. He worked as a job covering entire county area. After the earthquake he evacuated to the control region also, and had been living in rented houses housing as an

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Saori Kawazoe: he decided to dismantle his home in Hometown at the time of decontamination, demolition at public expense, and decided against returning to his hometown.

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Saori Kawazoe: After how the housing assistance ended, he purchased the home near Tokyo, he said, I have nothing to go back and check on at the at the side of my home, so I had not been able to visit it.

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Saori Kawazoe: However, his feeling for his hometowns are very strong. He has been involved in activities to bring about these together at this evacuation site and to pass on the school songs of the towns, elementary and junior high schools to next generation. As a local traditional culture.

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Saori Kawazoe: When events are held in his hometown, he actively travels back to the town.

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Saori Kawazoe: and he also says, we have not forgotten our hometown. We need a place where we can communicate and talk with other evacuation. Those who understands us, and where we can express our problems and concerns. The distance between the regulation site and the evacue at its side is not the distance that can be travelled frequently, nor are there activities to which people can commute on daily basis.

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Saori Kawazoe: So among those who migrated far distance we need to understand that there are people who wish to returning future, or those who cannot return, but we to maintain ties to the hometowns

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Saori Kawazoe: and

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Saori Kawazoe: last cases, person who, evacuated looked too long distance and returned.

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Saori Kawazoe: He ran his restaurant in Namia Town. He meet after it. Just so. He evacuated to count the region as well, and he continued to live

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Saori Kawazoe: there until the housing assistance was cut off.

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01:19:38.860 --> 01:19:53.259
Saori Kawazoe: Up. On the lifting of the evacuation order in his hometown he decided to build his store and home in Namia Town in 2,020, hoping to be a bee on of a light of that for the community at night, and the bustling place.

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Saori Kawazoe: In a that day.

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Saori Kawazoe: however, regarding his life in a meeting he was not. He has not been able to obtain goods and food necessary for his business in town, and the bookstore that provided him with the daily enjoyment is still gone. And he he was. He feels that his former daily life has not recovered.

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Saori Kawazoe: On the other hand, after moving out of his temporary rental housing in Tokyo, he acquired a new home nearby, and continues to commute between them here, where he works in Tokyo, where he lives.

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Saori Kawazoe: He describes his life as follows. when I am in Tokyo, my life is here since the evacuation, so I

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Saori Kawazoe: live in a completely different way of thinking from the person I am here and the person I was there over there. I feel that I am living in a parallel world.

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Saori Kawazoe: In this case they provide, they like.

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Saori Kawazoe: they, they divide their lives into 2 separate residences, one where they live while working, and the other

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Saori Kawazoe: where they spend their holidays or weekends.

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Saori Kawazoe: and from these case studies it became clear that, having acquired a housing in the evacuation area, they may be perceived as having no intention of returning or no interest in their hometown, however, those considered as migrants they are, there is a fact that many of them still commute to their evacuation site for work or or daily needs, and some are still willing to return in future or to participate in the hometowns.

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Saori Kawazoe: and also, although county does town residue, town residents are attorneys, they are often rebuilding their lives while continuing to travel back and forth from their former evacuation side.

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Saori Kawazoe: 3Â min left.

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Saori Kawazoe: and it should be noted that the frequency and the degree of participation or involvement to the hometown may differ, depending on the distance of evacuation. even though those who have evacuated far away from their hometowns.

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Saori Kawazoe: or who have decided not to return often seeing as as having no connection, or even no desire to their hometowns.

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Saori Kawazoe: This distance of evacuation is a real event in terms of belonging identity and attachment.

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Saori Kawazoe: In fact, it is precisely as we see from some cases, that they are so far apart that they hold these feelings most strongly.

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Saori Kawazoe: and for those evacuated, or live far from home. Also events inside and outside home top a meaningful opportunity to interact and participate to their hometowns. Directly or indirectly.

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Saori Kawazoe: it will be important to recognize that there are various layers of community involvement which have gradation in time and space and frequency, and keep interacting between these layers, one

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Saori Kawazoe: as a summary in conclusion. And this study revealed that ever trees are rebuilding their lives by establishing a new lifestyle of dual life

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Saori Kawazoe: in a wide living

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Saori Kawazoe: area, and have chosen to live in 2 locations travelling back and forth between the evacuation area and their hometowns. Therefore, rebuilding houses, not the goal of reconstruction.

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Saori Kawazoe: Reconstruction cannot be a dichotomy of return or relocation, but the gradual and flexible form of 2 location, living or community reconstruction, there would be a need of various ways to relate to the original community, and that means we have a challenge to head to position, attachment, and system belonging to hometowns and memories of hometowns. 150

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01:23:29.150 --> 01:23:37.780
Saori Kawazoe: of those microphone in overall context of the question of it's recovery. Thank you very much for your attention.

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Okay, so that's all our presentation today. And I would like to invite all of our presenters here in the audience today.

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01:23:51.370 --> 01:23:52.240
Okay.

427
01:24:04.990 --> 01:24:17.009
okay? And if you have questions please, please feel free to come up here and introduce yourself a little bit and then briefly, and then, ask that question. Thank you.

428
01:24:26.630 --> 01:24:50.049
thank you for your presentation. I'm Miki Moses, you from in Japan. And I have a question for that. Professor, do do so. I'm very interested in the your research, because that maybe that there, it's a similar situation in Japan. So we are have a type of more or some fruit, or as quick.

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01:24:50.050 --> 01:25:08.799
And so my question is very simple. So, as there in your case, is there any people remain in ordinary area? With me in the mountain side one not so, or or so completely the all of the residents should

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01:25:08.800 --> 01:25:36.229
move to the about area. If so, some people remain the original area. So how people can communicate with the is there any chance to communicate with the original area and the location areas, people, or how can so communicate the as a face?

431
01:25:36.350 --> 01:25:37.350
Thank you.

432
01:25:48.560 --> 01:26:13.330
Okay, thanks for your question. Actually, in my study cases, are some of relocated the community. They are Intel to be read. Okay, the whole come, the 4 billion come to the new place, but in some are communicated the community, only part of the original community move in. So in that case they need to

433
01:26:13.400 --> 01:26:29.850
go go to the 2 place. So, for example, because of their social system. If they have the annual celebration, they need to go back to their original community to have that kind of festival.

434
01:26:30.050 --> 01:26:48.470
so they need to go to both press my photo community entirely relocated to a new place. They we are a steeper issue. They are structure, and they have their celebration and the cultural stuff there in the new place.

435
01:26:48.810 --> 01:26:50.699
So do I answer your question.

436
01:26:50.750 --> 01:26:52.680
and from my observation.

437
01:26:52.780 --> 01:27:04.140
If the community they separated in to 2 place are part of them in the original places, and the power of them in the new relocative places.

438
01:27:04.260 --> 01:27:14.710
I think, because they it takes time for them to balance that kind of situation, for example, of if up.

439
01:27:15.620 --> 01:27:31.750
I mean that the chief of the village is new moved to the new location. So, and people will get confused. We already have the celebration in the original France, or they need to move to a new tracks.

440
01:27:33.090 --> 01:27:34.250
Okay.

441
01:27:40.660 --> 01:27:50.229
I have questions to my Polish colleagues, fascinating research, very interesting findings.

442
01:27:50.310 --> 01:27:55.309
congratulations, especially on grasping this elements of

443
01:27:55.350 --> 01:28:11.779
of being culturally closed, and yet not enough closed, and the the elements of hospitality and hostility. And so this is very, very interesting. And and when it comes to

444
01:28:12.080 --> 01:28:26.630
the data and also the photos to present it on the on the Pia, the Russian border. I think it's important to to also say that this is also a problem of the externalization of the European border controls.

445
01:28:26.630 --> 01:28:43.949
and so that the whole system, very largely apart from the processes of racializations which are in place, there is also an element of the of the European policy in it. where? If the authoritarian regimes are stopping

446
01:28:44.050 --> 01:28:56.819
the migrants that they are okay, and if they are not stopping and facilitating the regular migration. Then it's not okay. So the questions are concerning the localities

447
01:28:57.010 --> 01:29:00.980
 I was wondering whether you have any

448
01:29:01.220 --> 01:29:07.150
first observations about the differences between the 2 places.

449
01:29:07.480 --> 01:29:35.289
and what sort of observations you have concerning that? And the second is also the time the time is crucial factor in all this process that we are analyzing, especially with regards to this minority. So I was wondering whether you see any changes in terms of times in terms of the elements of hostility, hospitality. There is a lot of talk about the assistance sort of

450
01:29:35.320 --> 01:29:42.899
being tied tiseness. So I wonder how you link these 2 elements.

451
01:29:48.890 --> 01:29:53.460
Okay? So I will start with the localities because our standing

452
01:29:53.490 --> 01:29:59.450
is conducted in 3 distinct regions.

453
01:29:59.460 --> 01:30:23.450
2 of them are Eastern Poland, which is lesser develop. To region of the country with 2 major cities, but still those cities are rather small around, like 200,000 inhabitants, and in our policy velocity. We have Krakow Krako, which is one of the largest

454
01:30:23.450 --> 01:30:40.040
Polish city, is also a big academic center. So obviously we can see some differences between those 2, the eastern part and the Cracko region. As many Ukrainian refugees

455
01:30:40.040 --> 01:30:56.029
wanted to go to Warsaw to crack out to major cities. They were not very much interested in staying close to the border, because job opportunities were very limited.

456
01:30:56.030 --> 01:31:12.900
there! And on top of that some people didn't feel safe close to the border. So they traveled further away, and Krakow was one of the prime prime destinations, because that was a large city like Kharki. For one.

457
01:31:12.900 --> 01:31:15.600
if at least comparable.

458
01:31:15.620 --> 01:31:40.099
so that's one difference and the other one is like social composition of the helpers. What they what I mean here is that academic circles from Krakow were very much involved in this help. So one of our interview is told us that she didn't know anyone

459
01:31:40.100 --> 01:31:52.250
ere

460
01:31:52.250 --> 01:32:10.530
also very supportive. And this is where this was like a huge scale thing. But still we have some statistics saying that around 12 to 13% people took refugees to their houses.

461
01:32:10.730 --> 01:32:40.390
12 to 13. So that's not a lot. But in Cracko it's a way more than that. So that's second difference. But as you wanna set. This project is ongoing. So we are not ready to compare those regions yet, but we see some preliminary patterns, and certainly it's not the same, and we also have some data from our colleagues, Warsaw colleagues So the situation where so was totally different.

462
01:32:41.540 --> 01:32:59.159
And in the context of localities, it's also important in in the Ukrainian context, because it depends from where they came, because if they came, and this is also connected with time, if they came in at the beginning of the war from Kiev, which was under attack, and people were just running away.

463
01:32:59.170 --> 01:33:03.539
 They have a kind of word trauma.

464
01:33:03.720 --> 01:33:12.430
If they came from, revive in the beginning of the war which were not under attack. They don't have many traumatic experiences

465
01:33:12.500 --> 01:33:20.060
if they came later in the war after a few months, for example, especially from the from the East.

466
01:33:20.390 --> 01:33:25.560
they saw a lot already, so they have completely different

467
01:33:25.670 --> 01:33:33.359
view and image of this war if they were staying in their country, which were under attack all the time, and the rockets are flying.

468
01:33:33.510 --> 01:33:41.740
and if they came in the beginning, like, you know, just for sake, to be to be

469
01:33:41.920 --> 01:33:45.049
safe in Poland just in case.

470
01:33:45.290 --> 01:34:02.149
So it really depends. It's really complicated with the time of coming to Poland and their experiences. We have families who are living with polls just for a few weeks or a few days, and families who are still living with the Polish guests, the hosts.

471
01:34:02.480 --> 01:34:11.509
and sometimes they just fit each other, so they seem to. It works living together wax.

472
01:34:11.600 --> 01:34:17.670
and sometimes it's not. Sometimes the coasts. Treat the guests not very

473
01:34:18.050 --> 01:34:23.889
well. for example, turning off the hot water as it was an hour.

474
01:34:24.500 --> 01:34:26.810
Yeah.

475
01:34:27.070 --> 01:34:54.670
yeah. So it's complicate. You wanna remind people not reminded me of one thing, because for some refugees from Western Ukraine, this eastern region of Poland and Joshua and Lublin was more comfortable at the very beginning, because they believed that this war was gonna be like 2 weeks maximum. So they were ready to come back to their houses. But after they realized it's not like that.

476
01:34:54.670 --> 01:35:05.010
Then they changed their minds and also Congat asked about this temporality, and it's, I think, worth emphasizing.

477
01:35:05.010 --> 01:35:31.559
that those attitudes are subject to change, we, we, we are serving those changes. So we decided to have a second interviews. The follow ups with our initial into the view East, because we expect that some things are very different now. But this stage has started recently. So we don't have data.

478
01:35:37.390 --> 01:35:46.729
I'm Ronnie Fraser from the University of Delaware. In the Us. My question is for Professor Kalazzo. If they're still there.

479
01:35:48.970 --> 01:36:17.829
it's not, I can scale it. Okay, perfect. So my question, is related to your discussion on commuting recovery. So I was just curious to see if you looked at it at all with the Covid context. I know you were looking at it from the Dyaki triple disaster. but like in the United States, especially during Covid, we had a lot of people move outside of city centers.

480
01:36:17.930 --> 01:36:30.030
and they still live there today like they haven't moved back necessarily to the city. So I was just going to see if maybe that is something that happens in Japan. And if you've looked at that at all in the Covid context.

481
01:36:30.530 --> 01:36:32.280
Saori Kawazoe: in a call, that context.

482
01:36:32.740 --> 01:36:42.920
 are you a question like if that might relate at all? to your research within the triple disaster

483
01:36:44.360 --> 01:36:50.130
with the commuting recovery? People living in one place and working in another.

484
01:36:53.700 --> 01:36:55.140
Well,

485
01:36:57.720 --> 01:37:11.319
Saori Kawazoe: sorry I I your question is that the comparison between this triple disaster and the the back of natural disaster like Covid? So so, which doesn't include like a nuclear disaster.

486
01:37:11.830 --> 01:37:13.950
Saori Kawazoe: Is that right? Sorry I could.

487
01:37:14.890 --> 01:37:24.959
Saori Kawazoe: I don't know if I've understood correctly your question. But if I compared to the previous disasters in terms of commuting recovery.

488
01:37:25.120 --> 01:37:38.269
Saori Kawazoe:  of course, in covid earthquake there were people displaced, but still the the distance of displacement was not that long compared to

489
01:37:38.350 --> 01:37:40.589
Saori Kawazoe: this disaster.

490
01:37:40.750 --> 01:37:52.320
Saori Kawazoe: and it was easier for them to to commute if they willing to do that. But in in this case of Fukushima, even though they are willing to come in

491
01:37:52.950 --> 01:37:59.199
Saori Kawazoe: well participate or involved in in the their hometown. It is not

492
01:37:59.300 --> 01:38:01.300
Saori Kawazoe: so easy, because

493
01:38:01.430 --> 01:38:11.380
Saori Kawazoe: The avocation area, which was the closest to us about 1Â h away from the the the affected area, so

494
01:38:11.830 --> 01:38:14.299
Saori Kawazoe: especially those who are aged

495
01:38:14.420 --> 01:38:26.019
Saori Kawazoe: have stronger belonging to the hometowns, but if they don't have a driver's license, or of course there's no public transportation to

496
01:38:26.190 --> 01:38:28.230
Saori Kawazoe: to to their hometowns.

497
01:38:28.330 --> 01:38:32.870
Saori Kawazoe: There was no transportation until the train was reopened.

498
01:38:33.020 --> 01:38:48.459
Saori Kawazoe: So even though there were people who willing to to to commute make a commuting recovery. It wasn't it? It wasn't possible they needed transportation, and also had a

499
01:38:48.890 --> 01:38:56.169
Saori Kawazoe: some reason to go back home. But it was it took so long to have this

500
01:38:56.390 --> 01:39:04.930
Saori Kawazoe: tools like transportation is also opportunity. It took like years to to

501
01:39:05.070 --> 01:39:16.490
Saori Kawazoe: to do that. So if we compared to previous disasters, I think that the size and also the the timeframe is totally different from

502
01:39:16.620 --> 01:39:21.400
Saori Kawazoe: the existing, the the pre forward, just as like over

503
01:39:21.420 --> 01:39:31.669
Saori Kawazoe: and in Japan it is. It wasn't so popular to make this commuting recovery. There was some case in 2. It's

504
01:39:31.680 --> 01:39:44.829
Saori Kawazoe: earthquake in you got that where the the whole community relocated to other areas of the city and decided to commute to their or land. But it was. It was

505
01:39:45.490 --> 01:39:51.070
Saori Kawazoe: real TV, a real real case in Japan. So I think we have a like a cultural

506
01:39:51.990 --> 01:40:03.890
Saori Kawazoe: context in, I think we we might have some culture or social context in terms of commuting recovery. Sorry I don't. I I'm sorry if I

507
01:40:03.940 --> 01:40:07.880
Saori Kawazoe: good and ask your question. yeah. But thank you very much for

508
01:40:07.910 --> 01:40:09.250
Saori Kawazoe: comments and question.

509
01:40:09.740 --> 01:40:10.560
yeah.

510
01:40:12.960 --> 01:40:15.050
thank you so much.

511
01:40:17.820 --> 01:40:36.010
Hi, I'm Michael. How will try? From the University of Rotw of Poland? I have the question to that first presentation. my background is in environmental philosophy. So your paper, like really confirms all of my frets, and I wanted to ask you about the attractiveness of the grounds

512
01:40:36.130 --> 01:40:52.030
offered by the State for the people who are willing to relocate, because usually, when some ground some land is not inhabited, there is usually some reason for that, so are those new lands like how to commute or very expensive.

513
01:40:52.700 --> 01:40:59.349
They are the like equal to the previously inhabited by those people.

514
01:41:02.580 --> 01:41:03.450
So

515
01:41:07.200 --> 01:41:18.950
yep, so thank you for the questions, like one of the citation that I saw in my slide. One of the reason is because the land in other part of the area which is not affected by the flood

516
01:41:19.080 --> 01:41:38.889
very expensive, while the people in this affected area mostly are from low income background. So it's quite difficult for them to afford those land in the new in in new areas, while the government only provides subsidized for building the the home rather than like per casing the land.

517
01:41:39.030 --> 01:41:48.470
So the the of inequality here affect the accessibility of this woman to move outside of the effective areas.

518
01:41:49.210 --> 01:41:52.639
Hopefully, it's Nancy. I wish it's only about the

519
01:41:53.460 --> 01:42:03.570
not only about the price. Actually, there is also one of the interview that I mentioned that she doesn't want to move because she's already there, and

520
01:42:03.950 --> 01:42:08.479
because her, her, her husband is a of fission

521
01:42:08.520 --> 01:42:22.169
because it is coastline. So this is their likelihood, so it's difficult if they move to other place, so they don't have any another option for occupation. So that's why there, of course, there are a lot of problems. But

522
01:42:22.280 --> 01:42:27.070
most of one of them that more dominion is because of economic reasons.

523
01:42:29.610 --> 01:42:41.109
Hello, everybody. My name is Sabella Corbyn. I'm based in Vienna, but I come from Krakow, and I can only confirm that kind of everybody was involved, including myself and my family.

524
01:42:41.270 --> 01:42:53.259
I haven't done any research on that, but from what I hear when I talk to people back home is at least, for now there's like 2 waist movement.

525
01:42:53.260 --> 01:43:13.199
So there are many refugees coming back to Ukraine, and I was just wondering if you have seen that as well in your interviews, because, from what I hear is kind of not not understood by at least Polish hosts or Polish people, how can they move back to to the war zone. So I was just

526
01:43:13.389 --> 01:43:43.300
interested. Yeah, that's a very interesting question. Because obviously, people are coming home. Starting from, I would say, May 9, which is like the big day in Russia. So my Ukrainians waited until May ninth to see what will happen, and nothing happens. So they starting, coming back home, and actually in some of those interviews.

527
01:43:43.320 --> 01:44:02.299
we're taken. V. 4. In. Hark! If so, back in Ukraine, with people who who used to live with Polish families, but move back home back. That's only a part of our story, because one of our interview is hanged. Poland in December the 22,

528
01:44:02.350 --> 01:44:07.210
one in 22. So December was the month

529
01:44:07.370 --> 01:44:26.920
erez Agmoni, when we observed, like many people coming back home because of Christmas and of the year many factors there. But this woman decided to go to Poland. Why? Because she came back to Poland, and she thought that everything's 150

530
01:44:26.990 --> 01:44:47.619
erez agmoni should be normal. So in September her daughter went to school. School was pretty much a hybrid, so some lessons were online, some in class, but after that Russians started to attack, if again 250

531
01:44:47.620 --> 01:44:58.890
So these children were held in bump shelters for like 6, 7Â h a day. And she decided, that's not

532
01:44:59.306 --> 01:45:21.360
the situation. That's not the appropriate environment for the child. And she decided to come to Poland. So at the same time some people are coming back. Most it will be to Western Ukraine. But there are new people coming to Poland because of values like very individual factors, I would say.

533
01:45:21.520 --> 01:45:22.280
you know.

534
01:45:25.080 --> 01:45:27.959
Thanks for the question.

535
01:45:28.290 --> 01:45:32.030
you have a question, too. Yeah.

536
01:45:32.520 --> 01:45:45.969
So I am sorry. hi! My name is Larjena. I am from Vienna. Thank you all for their presentation. So it was really interesting. I am working actually on migration and refugees. So my question is also to you both.

537
01:45:45.970 --> 01:46:02.570
I was wondering, as we have seen, a lot of like discourse about racialisation in the refugee movement. Of course, in especially in Poland. It's kind of obvious with the border, but I was actually wondering if you

538
01:46:02.590 --> 01:46:03.370
like.

539
01:46:03.460 --> 01:46:27.019
maybe back to me. In Ukraine there were a lot of refugees who were there in the 2,015 movement, who came from Syria, or people who studied there, who worked there, who also have led Ukraine during the war. And I was thinking, if wondering if you encountered them in your research as well, and how did their attitude to Taoist them were. And yeah, thanks.

540
01:46:30.620 --> 01:46:39.590
Thank you. Well, we didn't have an interview. We who would not be Ukrainian ethnically.

541
01:46:39.670 --> 01:46:47.710
we actually don't know about any non Ukrainians from Ukraine living in the Polish homes.

542
01:46:47.940 --> 01:46:51.170
Actually, no sorry we had one case

543
01:46:51.210 --> 01:46:58.680
when they were sorry. If we have one case of people who were originally from Congo, I guess.

544
01:46:58.850 --> 01:47:02.950
and but they very fast moved to Germany.

545
01:47:03.280 --> 01:47:16.469
and the host family was picking French fluently. So they were just putting French, and it was fun, but the the family didn't know where they are coming from, where they were coming from.

546
01:47:17.080 --> 01:47:21.779
because they were just waiting for refugees. And they yeah.

547
01:47:22.420 --> 01:47:42.220
But we know that at the Polish Ukrainian border there are many tensions with letting in the people of color and from different countries, and the Border guards weren't so welcome to help them at the same way as they were helping the Ukrainians or white people actually

548
01:47:42.760 --> 01:47:51.509
 At the same time, our interview is from Ukraine, I mean refugees. We're also saying that

549
01:47:51.730 --> 01:47:57.489
we should not let in those other refugees.

550
01:47:58.250 --> 01:48:02.359
So it's not only the polish.

551
01:48:02.410 --> 01:48:17.660
and they also they cited some reasons for that, because they're not white, they're not Christian. So yeah, that was widespread. That was one of the most striking findings, actually, not all of them, obviously, but

552
01:48:17.660 --> 01:48:39.019
it's quite a popular line of argumentation that they shouldn't be here because they are not European. We don't have any values in common. So Ukrainians are fine, but people at the Belarusian border shouldn't be allowed the European Union, according to the Ukrainian refugees. That's a paradox.

553
01:48:39.270 --> 01:48:39.950
Yes.

554
01:48:40.240 --> 01:48:42.689
and then we will take to my question

555
01:48:44.110 --> 01:48:48.470
Kristina Peterson from the United States in Louisiana.

556
01:48:48.530 --> 01:49:01.789
In 82 there were quite a few different refugees from both Cambodia and the Eastern countries when the Soviet Union fell, and also from Africa.

557
01:49:01.860 --> 01:49:05.839
and and that that that came to the United States.

558
01:49:05.940 --> 01:49:25.779
and in that I'm hearing a lot of parallels, obviously of something, though that did happen, is that the trauma of war and the issues of trauma of war were explained in many kinds of ways, both to the host and to the

559
01:49:25.930 --> 01:49:44.410
people, being hosted in almost trauma intervention. Through all kinds of means, through elementary schools, to festivals, to other kinds of ways. Is there anything like that that's happening in Poland that can that's helping mediate

560
01:49:44.450 --> 01:50:06.129
that kind of you're smiling. No, I I if I may start. I think that it also it. It depends on the place where the people are settled because some city, some cities are doing their own programs for helping. They are offering help of psychologists, for example, and some don't.

561
01:50:06.820 --> 01:50:10.099
and those with the

562
01:50:10.400 --> 01:50:16.070
a bigger amount of refugees are, of course, more interested in helping better.

563
01:50:16.170 --> 01:50:23.149
 I think that for one year by, for just one of this this

564
01:50:23.180 --> 01:50:30.790
examples, because a lot of Ukrainians are going to school there, and there are a lot of children at school, so they are really interested

565
01:50:30.840 --> 01:50:33.240
in

566
01:50:33.460 --> 01:50:36.760
enabling them adaptation.

567
01:50:37.390 --> 01:50:47.949
They are also centers for Ukrainian refugees. Financed by projects and grants of and run by Ngos.

568
01:50:48.000 --> 01:50:58.500
So if there is Ngo helping Ukrainians, it works. If there is not, it is not working. So it really depends on the place where the refugees are.

569
01:50:59.200 --> 01:50:59.970
But

570
01:51:00.060 --> 01:51:28.300
in general, these initiatives are like local grassroots, initiatives, so people help at first sector help like Ngo. But we didn't have any real governmental that program to support these people. So the very beginning, it was a chaos, and later it was better. But, thanks to some organization, humanitarian organizations not necessarily Polish organizations.

571
01:51:28.300 --> 01:51:31.170
but Polish government.

572
01:51:31.190 --> 01:51:52.450
Economically, they helped because they offered some compensation for hosting a refugee. but like instructions for the guests and hosts or psychological help, we didn't have any programs, festivals, events promoting that at this very basic micro level.

573
01:51:52.600 --> 01:52:02.030
Actually, in our in my hometown Joshua is my hometown of the Commune, but it was a try of making a common Easter

574
01:52:02.080 --> 01:52:05.569
breakfast for Ukrainians in the polls. There is a lot of

575
01:52:05.600 --> 01:52:16.010
tensions on Facebook groups of of our town about why, what for? We haven't navig greens anymore. So we don't need it.

576
01:52:16.270 --> 01:52:21.470
 And I forgot what I wanted to say.

577
01:52:21.550 --> 01:52:26.669
Yeah, maybe we need a break.

578
01:52:26.710 --> 01:52:45.159
and thank you very much. My name is Julia Gaston, and I'm assistant professor at Tolku University in Japan, and the question about Non Ukrainian refugees was already asked. So I will skip that in the interest of time. But I have another question for Kamazo Asan from Japan.

579
01:52:45.160 --> 01:53:04.539
which is about the the role of gender in your study. Because please correct me if I'm wrong, but I think there were only mail cases that you introduced, and I was wondering if maybe this kind of recovery, like commuting recoveries. not that?

580
01:53:04.590 --> 01:53:24.949
easy to do for women, and also the role of the household structure? if like. If the people who were commuting quite often had like children, for instance, or responsibilities of care work, or something like this. Thank you very much.

581
01:53:25.030 --> 01:53:30.660
I apologize. But we are over time. So can you answer the question really quickly?

582
01:53:30.700 --> 01:53:46.110
Saori Kawazoe: Okay, thank you very much for your question. And actually, as you mentioned 3 of the cases are male, and case 2 who was commuting her hometown was a female in her 6 seventies.

583
01:53:46.230 --> 01:53:47.400
and

584
01:53:49.010 --> 01:54:06.879
Saori Kawazoe: when I was looking for a interviewees to to, to, to, to, to make interviews. It's often the case that the males are more involved in those hometowns of town recovery and reconstructions, and

585
01:54:07.210 --> 01:54:09.140
Saori Kawazoe: and the females are.

586
01:54:10.240 --> 01:54:13.290
Saori Kawazoe:  First of all.

587
01:54:13.590 --> 01:54:24.879
Saori Kawazoe: there are females who have returned or who have migrated. It's a newcomer to the hometown, and I hope it the the evacuation of the Disney dated site

588
01:54:24.960 --> 01:54:37.360
Saori Kawazoe: as a resident. And who's living there and raising children. But it's often the case. There's not so many places to work for for email a residence, so that

589
01:54:38.100 --> 01:54:46.250
Saori Kawazoe: it is not easy for females to return and make their living, and so that

590
01:54:46.320 --> 01:54:56.830
Saori Kawazoe: the the composition of residents is very There is a gap between gender, I mean female and male. I think I should point that

591
01:54:56.900 --> 01:54:59.239
Saori Kawazoe: the the fact.

592
01:54:59.330 --> 01:55:18.620
Saori Kawazoe: and on the about the care workers, of course. in some of the regions who, where the vacation orders were gifted the local government local municipalities are trying to prepare the the welfare facilities, and, like a children, care carrying facilities.

593
01:55:18.770 --> 01:55:28.130
Saori Kawazoe: But I I hear that it is also difficult to find workers who can purchase come to the town and work

594
01:55:28.190 --> 01:55:32.599
Saori Kawazoe: because. like other residents.

595
01:55:33.100 --> 01:55:38.020
Saori Kawazoe: not very many people won't live there yet. So

596
01:55:38.510 --> 01:55:43.060
Saori Kawazoe: in order to make this industry, new industry or

597
01:55:43.260 --> 01:55:56.590
Saori Kawazoe: establish a like safety net and a social welfare institutions. It's they. They still have some challenges to find workers and then employ employees to to.

598
01:55:56.640 --> 01:55:59.169
Saori Kawazoe: I recall that then, you

599
01:56:00.160 --> 01:56:05.500
Saori Kawazoe: new new towns after the Education Order was lifted.

600
01:56:05.950 --> 01:56:12.569
Saori Kawazoe: and I have been also interviewing some of the young females who have.

601
01:56:12.870 --> 01:56:28.030
Saori Kawazoe: who are living in that region, how they are looking at these recovery situation in those towns. So maybe in future I but I I hope to to present some of the findings in future. Thank you very much.

602
01:56:28.210 --> 01:56:31.820
Thanks. Well, thank you for all.

603
01:56:32.170 --> 01:56:43.000
And this concludes our sessions for C, 39 today and tomorrow we have this 5 different sections starting from 8 30 tomorrow. Thank you.