WEBVTT 1 00:00:00.001 --> 00:00:12.660 all right. Technically, I believe it is time. so I want to welcome everybody. I know that we are a smaller but hardy contingent 2 00:00:13.230 --> 00:00:32.399 had early morning here in Melbourne on a Saturday, the last day of the conference. So I want to welcome everybody who's physically present and all of our wonderful speakers who are online. But before we get started I want to do an acknowledgment of of country 3 00:00:32.430 --> 00:00:51.710 on behalf of everyone gathered. I pay respects to the spirit of the country. Here in Narm, where we are meeting, I acknowledge the past, the present of the sovereign peoples. Here I welcome their elders to our space to share with us their knowledge. 4 00:00:52.080 --> 00:01:06.020 I acknowledge that this is unseeded sovereign territory. and I pay my respects to all first nations, people who are with us today. 5 00:01:06.170 --> 00:01:18.549 So what we are going to do I'm going to stop sharing here. We are going to have each of the speakers 6 00:01:19.340 --> 00:01:34.029 who are remote. share their own screens. And we are going to start with. Let's see 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. So you guys have got about 12 min each. 7 00:01:35.350 --> 00:01:45.670 So I suggest, let's see, do we have our first speaker? Do we have our first speaker, Roger? Are you our first presenter? 8 00:01:49.400 --> 00:01:51.010 Roger Ramos: Hello! Can you hear me? 9 00:01:51.100 --> 00:01:52.199 Yes. 10 00:01:52.320 --> 00:02:01.959 Roger Ramos: okay, perfect. I have some audio problems and video problems as well. I think it's very if I keep my camera off so you can hear me better. 11 00:02:02.100 --> 00:02:03.719 Roger Ramos: Okay. 12 00:02:04.260 --> 00:02:10.639 are you going to be sharing your presentation through your screen? Or would you like me to share it 13 00:02:10.670 --> 00:02:14.620 through my screen? And you just tell me when I need to change the slide. 14 00:02:15.650 --> 00:02:18.350 No, I think I can share it. Let me try. 15 00:02:18.490 --> 00:02:21.000 Okay. Brilliant. 16 00:02:22.700 --> 00:02:30.530 and I will be in front of the camera to give you a 2 min warning. Okay, thank you. 17 00:02:30.540 --> 00:02:32.940 Roger Ramos: Can you? Can you arise it? 18 00:02:33.090 --> 00:02:35.449 Yes, we can see that. Thank you. 19 00:02:36.630 --> 00:02:39.230 So start whenever you're ready, please. 20 00:02:42.910 --> 00:02:57.170 Roger Ramos: Okay, thank you. I think I'm ready now. First of all my apologies, I I know that a good English speaker, but I'll I'll do my my best. what I'm gonna present you is some basically a paper 21 00:02:57.320 --> 00:03:05.609 Roger Ramos: based on research carried out from the perspective of political ecology or more specifically. 22 00:03:05.730 --> 00:03:08.440 Roger Ramos: for what? This? No. 23 00:03:09.520 --> 00:03:14.160 Roger Ramos: and from out there, such as Oliver Smith as the political ecology of disasters. 24 00:03:14.260 --> 00:03:27.039 Roger Ramos: mythologically, he'd be supported by the graphic work, and by the recovery of historical memory. Following what Dr. Virginia, I see a Costa proposes as a retrospective or historical approach 25 00:03:27.180 --> 00:03:33.560 Roger Ramos: which is useful to understand the disaster as a process within a specific social and ecological reality. 26 00:03:37.480 --> 00:03:56.270 Roger Ramos: The earthquake of September seventh, 2,017, the strongest of those registered in the last 100 years in Mexico, has also worked as a critical window a concept proposed by anthropologists from helio Tes, which has allowed to look into the history of a small fishing village in the Southern Mexican Pacific 27 00:03:56.300 --> 00:04:01.679 Roger Ramos: name is Paradon, located in the State of Chiapas, where around 6,000 28 00:04:02.950 --> 00:04:03.610 Roger Ramos: you 29 00:04:04.760 --> 00:04:18.009 Roger Ramos: to live. The earthquake struck after 11 Pm. Causing a situation of general cows. Most of the inhabitants run the way to the nearest city, and when they returned. The next day they found that they, their village. 30 00:04:18.020 --> 00:04:19.360 Roger Ramos: was destroyed. 31 00:04:19.410 --> 00:04:26.519 Roger Ramos: There was no electricity, no water, and around 60% of the houses had collapsed or been damaged. 32 00:04:26.980 --> 00:04:28.020 Roger Ramos: however. 33 00:04:28.320 --> 00:04:50.399 Roger Ramos: To begin a year and a half later, and speaking in a in a physical dimension, the down was practically recovered, the houses had been rebuilt. The inhabitants work, as always in feature-related activities, and life in general was established in conditions similar to those existing before the earthquake. 34 00:04:50.830 --> 00:04:54.260 Roger Ramos: not withstanding people testimony suggest that 35 00:04:54.500 --> 00:04:58.660 Roger Ramos: a lack of attention, of social vulnerability it is 36 00:05:00.090 --> 00:05:05.219 Roger Ramos: that, according to their own perception, we're still percent weakening their their daily life. 37 00:05:05.420 --> 00:05:12.270 Roger Ramos: I know those vulnerabilities. There were 2 different issues that constantly appeared in testimonies, as the greatest people concerns 38 00:05:12.630 --> 00:05:23.250 Roger Ramos: one of these issues. deal with different kind of problems related to water, and the other was the worrying growth of criminal activities. 39 00:05:23.370 --> 00:05:26.310 Roger Ramos: What I perceive you? No. 40 00:05:27.720 --> 00:05:38.839 Roger Ramos: Here is, therefore, a phenomenon of criminality that is part of the process of disaster that affects Pradun Bay, and that, in order to be understood, has to be reconstructed from history. 41 00:05:39.180 --> 00:05:41.289 Roger Ramos: which I briefly now tell you. 42 00:05:43.330 --> 00:05:52.119 Roger Ramos: So part of them was populated around 170 years ago in nineteenth century. The people who settled there 43 00:05:53.140 --> 00:05:54.640 Roger Ramos: determinedly 44 00:05:55.490 --> 00:06:07.990 Roger Ramos: because, due to its geographic allocation, it was an extraordinarily good spot for fishing, and it considered to be so for those of generations. It is a town located on the edges of a lagoon named Mario, or that C 45 00:06:08.040 --> 00:06:12.449 Roger Ramos: which is connected to the sea through an inlet or ocean mouth. 46 00:06:12.660 --> 00:06:20.069 Roger Ramos: That connection allows feature men to capture marine species without running all the risk implied in fishing in the ocean 47 00:06:20.760 --> 00:06:22.680 Roger Ramos: and 48 00:06:23.230 --> 00:06:26.260 Roger Ramos: or leaving C, as they call here 49 00:06:26.540 --> 00:06:33.359 Roger Ramos: for a long time, fishing and general old interactions between human beings and ecological elements secured in harmonic terms. 50 00:06:33.830 --> 00:06:47.550 Roger Ramos: Like many other similar communities, fishing was developed on their collaborative schemes, and the sea was seen as a kind provider, and was represented under paternal figures that watched it over the well-being of 51 00:06:48.390 --> 00:06:52.250 Roger Ramos: the Hmm. And their families 52 00:06:52.560 --> 00:07:05.100 Roger Ramos: at this gradually changed when all this gradually changed when, especially after World War Ii. The Mexican government adopted the development developmentalist grow the schemes typical of expansion is capitalism. 53 00:07:05.350 --> 00:07:06.700 Roger Ramos: This is 54 00:07:06.810 --> 00:07:10.639 Roger Ramos: which the fishing field in the seventies of the last century. 55 00:07:10.660 --> 00:07:14.639 Roger Ramos: provoking a deep transformation in the life of the fish and villages. 56 00:07:18.020 --> 00:07:21.060 Roger Ramos: Technologization was the central element of this transformation. 57 00:07:21.100 --> 00:07:34.150 Roger Ramos: Fiber boats and outward motors soon replace it. The old wooden boats that have been used for work at sea for centuries. and same thing happened with nets made of vegetable fibers which would be replaced by more resistant plastic ones, etc., etc. 58 00:07:34.860 --> 00:07:42.620 Roger Ramos: Initially. technology did accelerate production, and many people in towns like Parliament should be important economic status. 59 00:07:45.860 --> 00:07:56.860 Roger Ramos: but at the same time a race for for the species was unleashed, broken community T. And was forming the symbolism of the sea, which went from being a space for commonality to a competition arena. 60 00:07:57.480 --> 00:08:03.050 Roger Ramos: Within a short period of time several species became scars, and competition became even tougher. 61 00:08:06.400 --> 00:08:11.620 Roger Ramos: in the 62 00:08:12.710 --> 00:08:23.599 Roger Ramos: this, that conflict exploded in chaplas, and feeling that the uprising would spread the government, and to make it a policy of harshness with one of concessions in many public sectors. In fishing 63 00:08:23.610 --> 00:08:33.539 Roger Ramos: for that conflict due to the scarcity of the species. The regulatory frameworks were relaxed, and the authorities torn a line I to the bad practices that many fishermen began to implement. 64 00:08:33.710 --> 00:08:37.760 Roger Ramos: Then official closed systems were not respected. 65 00:08:38.040 --> 00:08:53.780 Roger Ramos: The nets began to be used to catch even smaller sizes of fish, thus interrupting the production cycles. In the other hand, official reports of captures and licenses for transportation were falsified, and a major clandestine fish market emerged. 66 00:08:53.830 --> 00:09:04.449 Roger Ramos: In this way a culture of illegality was born and is spread all along the region. At the same time traditional species. Scarcity caused fishermen to look for new ones 67 00:09:05.210 --> 00:09:07.550 Roger Ramos: with the high Valdemar. 68 00:09:08.030 --> 00:09:21.949 Roger Ramos: Okay, so just the shark. So, looking for sharks, fishermen began to sail greater distances, they abandoned. Then the waters of the moon, where they had fish for generations to venture in the hazard. Those living see 69 00:09:26.440 --> 00:09:27.710 Roger Ramos: this. 70 00:09:30.320 --> 00:09:32.850 Roger Ramos: this increasing 71 00:09:36.360 --> 00:09:41.790 Roger Ramos: This increasing distances in a vacation routes, took fishermen to an unforeseen phenomenon 72 00:09:42.030 --> 00:09:50.099 Roger Ramos: and that, and that it is that the roots of the shark boats intersected with the rules. 73 00:09:52.820 --> 00:10:00.539 Roger Ramos: with the roots of the speedboats used by Central American trafficking networks for transportation of Colombian drugs coming 74 00:10:00.590 --> 00:10:02.360 Roger Ramos: from the ports of 75 00:10:03.440 --> 00:10:25.629 Roger Ramos: Salvador and Guatemala, there were was born around 25 years ago a relationship between fishermen and criminal organizations that since then has not stopped evolving At first fishermen were used to supply the traffickers with food and water. Later they supply them with fuel, and finally they ended up involved in different ways. In that activity 76 00:10:25.670 --> 00:10:29.540 Roger Ramos: the links between fishermen and big 77 00:10:31.260 --> 00:10:49.630 Roger Ramos: does. It became closer after a few years, chapters became the state of the Republic with the most vessel Se. By Mexican navy for transport interrupts. Since then the situation has worsened to the point where today it's virtually impossible to determine what extent fishing is. Just a front face for criminal activities in many towns 78 00:10:51.210 --> 00:10:55.840 Roger Ramos: profiting from from geographical location, criminal networks in the 79 00:10:58.810 --> 00:11:15.100 Roger Ramos: barrier. I have as well venture into another activity that that has very special intensely in recent years the trafficking of people from Central America for whom traffickers charged up to 25,000 for a single per $25,000 for a single person to reach the United States. 80 00:11:15.230 --> 00:11:23.080 Roger Ramos: With this activities many people in paradox were able to face the fishing crisis and maintain living standards that, compared to other fisheries. 81 00:11:26.320 --> 00:11:32.289 Roger Ramos: are much better than today or the traffickers. The knowledge of navigation of the fishermen are extremely useful. 82 00:11:32.410 --> 00:11:34.389 but economic profits. 83 00:11:34.580 --> 00:11:47.530 Roger Ramos: Hmm. As you know, capital. These activities are distributed according to the power of accumulation. Now, in the case of a rural environment which is also located in a region that has historically 84 00:11:47.620 --> 00:11:50.989 Roger Ramos: be neglected by countries economic. 85 00:11:51.040 --> 00:12:00.120 Roger Ramos: big, and government centers. It is not easy to speak here of a phenomenon of white color crime as those in urban context. 86 00:12:00.150 --> 00:12:04.649 but that does not mean that there is no relationship between both criminal expressions. 87 00:12:04.750 --> 00:12:15.480 Roger Ramos: In the first place, it was the large injection of capital into the region which transformed activities such as fishing, and stimulated the proliferation of criminal interests. 88 00:12:15.830 --> 00:12:18.420 Roger Ramos: This capital encourage that 89 00:12:20.300 --> 00:12:21.160 Roger Ramos: the 90 00:12:21.480 --> 00:12:40.919 Roger Ramos: in time, the emergence of local investors, many of which are politicians or entrepreneurs who have historically and directly benefit from the economic spill over generated by criminal activities. Many of these local capitalists are owners, for example, of concessions for the supply of ice and beer, which fishermen consuming large quantities. 91 00:12:41.080 --> 00:12:46.129 Roger Ramos: and many others, are owners of real State companies, which, according to popular 92 00:12:46.640 --> 00:12:47.470 Roger Ramos: very. 93 00:12:49.010 --> 00:12:51.899 Roger Ramos: and serve to under the money of 10 traffic. 94 00:12:52.000 --> 00:13:01.590 Roger Ramos: This relationship of convenience between capitalists and fishermen was revealed in other ways in the context of the earthquake. One example is the rebuilding process. 95 00:13:01.610 --> 00:13:09.189 Roger Ramos: Here the companies that were entrusted with the good reconstruction of homes acted in an extremely corrupt way to 96 00:13:10.560 --> 00:13:13.129 Roger Ramos: you have about 2 min left. 97 00:13:16.550 --> 00:13:18.660 Roger Ramos: Okay, thank you. 98 00:13:18.720 --> 00:13:28.040 Roger Ramos: So the in this the building process open any possibility for crime money to enter the reconstruction 99 00:13:28.470 --> 00:13:41.170 Roger Ramos: causing that eventually many of those who had lost their homes were still unable to have one, because they did not raise the the amount of money requested by businessmen, while others with money enough to pay, and 100 00:13:41.920 --> 00:13:43.590 Roger Ramos: the 101 00:13:44.040 --> 00:13:47.749 Roger Ramos: they are up to 3 or 4 houses within their properties. 102 00:13:47.880 --> 00:13:57.960 Roger Ramos: The the routing crime is also associated with intensification of violence, which also it has not just reached the level. So for the regions of the country. 103 00:13:58.210 --> 00:14:00.349 Roger Ramos: this is still in 104 00:14:00.390 --> 00:14:09.960 Roger Ramos: this violence is frequently rooted in historical conflicts, and in some cases has aggravated because of their 105 00:14:12.050 --> 00:14:18.430 Roger Ramos: X, and have rhythm even to massacres, as happened in San Antonio, and you by the us 2 years later, after the airport 106 00:14:18.540 --> 00:14:24.619 Roger Ramos: However, due to how the phenomenon of organized crime a person people testimonies. 107 00:14:24.670 --> 00:14:32.180 Roger Ramos: it is important to observe that if it is perceived as a vulnerability. 108 00:14:32.780 --> 00:14:38.580 Roger Ramos: as I planning to to present you here it is. It's mainly because of its 109 00:14:39.520 --> 00:14:52.219 Roger Ramos: relation to the loss of natural wealth and the loss of the connection with the sea that has forced many fishermen to abandon their historical lifestyles and work in criminal activities. So 110 00:14:52.780 --> 00:14:57.340 Roger Ramos: people may have got over their way that person day. 111 00:14:57.510 --> 00:15:00.160 Roger Ramos: but this kind of criminal expression 112 00:15:00.170 --> 00:15:04.070 Roger Ramos: is one of the one of the ways in which the 113 00:15:07.140 --> 00:15:16.189 Roger Ramos: they're driven at least partially by politicians and entrepreneurs. Money is still running in local reality. And I think it would be it. 114 00:15:16.680 --> 00:15:18.020 Roger Ramos: Thank you very much. 115 00:15:19.340 --> 00:15:23.099 Thank you, Roger. That was wonderful. 116 00:15:26.430 --> 00:15:31.170 All right, thank you so much. Let's see. 117 00:15:31.940 --> 00:15:35.299 let me see where we are. 118 00:15:35.860 --> 00:15:41.229 So our next speaker will also be remote. 119 00:15:41.760 --> 00:15:43.500 Let's 120 00:15:47.440 --> 00:15:54.000 Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: Jennifer, are you ready to start presenting? Would you like to take over the screen, please? Yes. 121 00:15:54.430 --> 00:15:56.540 lovely, lovely! 122 00:16:03.750 --> 00:16:06.500 All right. This is grand, we can see. 123 00:16:06.620 --> 00:16:17.079 So please start whenever you're ready, and please everybody. Hold your questions until the very end. In that way everybody can make sure they get enough presentation time. 124 00:16:17.740 --> 00:16:34.840 Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: Go ahead, Jennifer. Thank you. Okay. So I'm going to present a little bit of ongoing work. I'm a professor at the University of Port, the vehicle. I'm the chair of a new newly established program on plan for disaster reduction. I'm formally trying as a disaster researcher. 125 00:16:34.840 --> 00:17:00.469 Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: and this is some of the work that I'm doing at the University of Puerto Rico particularly with with a new project that we're beginning, and we'll talk about it at some point in the presentation. so how this research emerge overall, there's an interest in crime and disasters. and particularly, I was invited by Venezuela. who is organizing the session to take a look at 126 00:17:00.470 --> 00:17:12.309 Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: corruption in Puerto Rico. we have had extended conversations about my my feel observations of for Temple Home repair programs after hurricane Maria and some of the challenges 127 00:17:12.310 --> 00:17:34.539 Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: particularly in in, in facilitating access to home repairs in in an organized manner and a sustain matter pretty much. What we're seeing is a lot of this organization. And how homes are repaired and a lot of irrationality, for example, the electrical system of a house can be 128 00:17:34.540 --> 00:17:45.849 Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: repair before the roof is repair. when you look at the cost of those repairs. They can be ridiculously high. So it's like. 129 00:17:46.020 --> 00:17:49.240 Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: okay, I think we need to mute Roger. 130 00:17:50.590 --> 00:18:13.210 Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: so that's one of the challenges that we have. So what I'm gonna talk about today is pretty much an update of of where this research is going, and also some other observations around the the the issue of stakeholder perception of of corruption and legitimacy of the government of Portugal. 131 00:18:13.330 --> 00:18:36.840 Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: Part of the of the work that I'm going to present today was also collected through a grant offered by the Natural Hazard Center for research in the Territories. To that work we were able to conduct interviews with emergency responders at different levels. in Puerto Rico we were able to complete 51 132 00:18:36.840 --> 00:18:57.640 Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: in the interviews that were transcribed and are now being analyzed. We also for administered a door to door survey in San Juan and Southwest for Donico, where we were able to collect 428 surveys. and we have also been facilitating Focus group 133 00:18:57.650 --> 00:19:14.439 Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: during the Southwest for the vehicle seismic sequence, particularly in collaboration with the Earthquake Science Center of the Us. Geological Survey to work a little bit to refine how the aftershock forecast is communicated in port of Vicar. 134 00:19:15.430 --> 00:19:32.489 Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: So for those of you that are not familiar with Port Puerto Rico is a Us. A territory of the United States of America. Since 1,898 it's located in the Caribbean and for the last 5 years it has been dealing with 135 00:19:32.490 --> 00:19:56.100 Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: consecutive disasters. And one of the things that we have been arguing is that it's not just the cumulative effects of disasters, but also the need of having a a more bottom up approach. Where we look at how people in different roles, in different positions are managing multiple disaster cycles concurrently 136 00:19:56.100 --> 00:20:15.310 Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: not just residents, but also responders, are responding to an event preparing for another trying to facilitate mitigation pro projects for multiple disaster declaration and we need to understand, what are some of the challenges 137 00:20:15.310 --> 00:20:42.280 Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: that that situation poses? So we have hurricane, Maria in 2,017 a week after dealing with European era. After that we have the 2,020 earthquake sequence, and it's still ongoing which is located in the southwest region of the island and the picture on the left side of the screen. so it shows the accumulation of events in that region. 138 00:20:42.490 --> 00:20:44.210 Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: and 139 00:20:44.310 --> 00:21:08.189 Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: all that is happening not just in the context of the covid pandemic, but also in the cons of fiscal oversight and restructuration in the island. So I also list a little have a list of other challenges that we need to think about when we're dealing with research in port of Eco, and we're thinking about the situation in the island. 140 00:21:09.200 --> 00:21:26.990 Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: so the objectives of this work is to use official documents of Spain from the Us. Department of Justice and the public access to core electronic records known as Pacer to understand accusations of corruption in Puerto Rico. 141 00:21:27.150 --> 00:21:43.120 Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: And we're particularly interested in understanding accusations that involve government officials at different levels identify relevant literature that could allow us to conceptualize in more death or disaster corruption. 142 00:21:43.390 --> 00:21:52.710 Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: understanding more, that the frequency, and temporarily of corruption, primes and arrests in the aftermath of recent disasters in Puerto Rico, 143 00:21:52.840 --> 00:22:10.900 Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: and share our ongoing research in which we seek to characterize and classify the crimes committed, identify the disaster declaration in which the the Ally Crime is related, document the the investigation process, the arrest, a. 144 00:22:10.900 --> 00:22:25.399 Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: the outcome of the case, and really start understanding on a case by case basis. how is it? What are the conditions that facilitate corruption? And also, you know, what are some of the patterns that we're seeing. In that sense 145 00:22:25.400 --> 00:22:41.319 Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: the relevance of this work strives, and that the delivery of emergency services is compromised when resources allocated to address the needs of those who withstand the worst of disasters are diverted. so this is, particularly an issue last week 146 00:22:41.320 --> 00:23:07.960 Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: have an increasing number of disasters. And as we deal with the challenges phones by climate change so one of the things that we began doing is putting together an annotated biography particularly with the work of the of the graduate students. in the project to start looking at. what it's out there in terms of understanding, corruption, understanding, corruption in Puerto Rico. 147 00:23:07.960 --> 00:23:35.509 Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: in in in in getting sort of located within the literature. So there's a few studies looking at corruption in Puerto Rico is one of the of the researchers that has been more active looking at corruption, not necessarily from a an empirical perspective, but more from a a theoretical perspective, trying to conceptualize and to understand. 148 00:23:35.730 --> 00:23:50.140 Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: what are the conditions that allow, or that facilitate corruption apps or or acts of corruption. So he argues that the state of emergency and it's an executive orders have become the only tools to deal 149 00:23:50.140 --> 00:24:06.170 Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: with all crisis situations in the island. Right now we have documented over a hundred executive orders related to disasters in the last 5 years. therefore corruption and state corporate crimes ought to be understood. 150 00:24:06.170 --> 00:24:23.879 Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: that's one of the things that he argued, that it's not just that we are using executive orders to manage disasters but that there are the only tools, and that they are part of a a broader rationality and effort of the 151 00:24:23.970 --> 00:24:51.719 Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: the administration of the State and Federal governments. he argues that this spectacularization of corruption and the cyclical performances of anti corruption deployed by the United States in the island brain. Fi. A colonial narrative of the corrupt other and in in the cons of Puerto Rico. You know, that's the to colonial legacy in which throughout history we have been learning how to govern ourselves, and there has been a perception of a 152 00:24:51.720 --> 00:25:04.480 Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: limited cost capacity of self-govern. got of self governing for Puerto Ricans and other people living in in a territorial situation. 153 00:25:04.710 --> 00:25:19.970 Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: so some of the observations. that we have. So far, we have identified 29 cases that could be referred to as white color corruption accusations directly related to the response process tend to involve 154 00:25:19.970 --> 00:25:46.389 Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: external actors and not local officials. so that's one of the things that comes across particularly those acts that we're related to the immediate response process. most of them are related to government officials from the Federal Government that were deployed to the island. And also, you know, contractors, that so an opportunity for profiting in the immediate aftermath 155 00:25:46.410 --> 00:26:02.110 Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: cases involving local actors benefited from States of its section and re relax protocols. So they're not necessarily related to the response. But they took advantage of that stage of it. 156 00:26:02.150 --> 00:26:09.879 Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: cases involving State actors are mostly related to public service integrity, particularly bribery. 157 00:26:10.170 --> 00:26:34.079 Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: and wire fraud, also payments to support the election of a public official, which is the case of the governor, and something else that has emerged. in the qualitative data that we're analyzing is the challenge that the political instability in Puerto Rico poses for disaster response and for the legitimacy of the response process. And I have 2 quotes here 158 00:26:34.080 --> 00:26:42.290 Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: to showcase. what some of those officials are saying, and and sort of the seriousness I have under 2 min left. 159 00:26:42.760 --> 00:26:59.860 Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: one of them it's an executive level official, and he says, I don't think that articulating the forecast is something that an executive level official could not articulate what we did, and it's unfortunate that the government of Porto Rico has such a low credibility. We will tell the Federal official. 160 00:26:59.920 --> 00:27:20.179 Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: You talk because you are John, American, please. People are going to say, Oh, I understand, if I say it with my Puerto Rico, so people will say he's a liar. It's a matter of perception. so this are some of the some of the qualitative data. I'm not going to discuss it, but overall. It shows how the media is the most trusted 161 00:27:20.180 --> 00:27:34.289 Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: source of information this other one is the their opinion, public opinion of how reliable are this emergency management and disaster response in the island, which is also another challenge 162 00:27:34.290 --> 00:28:01.490 Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: and to conclude, you know, there's a need to further understand criminal Va behavior throughout the disaster cycle in light of increasing this afterwards, they need to build capacity and systems to avoid state of reception. and next steps. You know, we're coding indictment documents to further our analysis and just continue understanding This situation in Puerto Rico, in terms of acknowledgment, is important to acknowledge that this research is funded by Nsf. 163 00:28:01.490 --> 00:28:13.029 Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: particularly to their rising voices, changing codes that are in and of science convergence Hub and the quick response research Award program coordinated by the National Health Center. So thank you very much. 164 00:28:13.730 --> 00:28:16.689 Thank you, Jennifer. That was really wonderful. 165 00:28:20.330 --> 00:28:25.839 Okay, if you could stop sharing your screen, that's brilliant. 166 00:28:26.310 --> 00:28:37.179 I am going to now share my screen. because our next person is actually here. Anna, please come and join us 167 00:28:41.300 --> 00:28:44.239 hopefully. Everybody can see 168 00:28:46.720 --> 00:28:55.039 and see this screen. Let me just hide the floating meeting controls, please, and I will give you the 2 min. 169 00:28:55.160 --> 00:28:56.800 Okay. 170 00:28:58.290 --> 00:29:06.380 Ok, so good morning, everyone. And thank you for the food in person. Yeah, the 171 00:29:06.420 --> 00:29:12.409 coming to here, I'm start my presentation because 172 00:29:12.560 --> 00:29:19.560 in Japan, there is so limited research on, okay, we have. 173 00:29:19.980 --> 00:29:22.250 do I? 174 00:29:22.350 --> 00:29:25.010 Okay, a space for okay, okay. 175 00:29:25.130 --> 00:29:33.739 in Japan. There is so limited research on the octave crimes and crime prevention in the disaster affected earlier. 176 00:29:33.760 --> 00:29:44.780 One of on this is study focusing on supporting victims and the disaster response are more considered urgent and prioritized. 177 00:29:45.010 --> 00:29:51.789 And I think another reason is a different difficulty in accessing crime data in Japan. 178 00:29:52.310 --> 00:30:08.130 So from 19, I don't. 2,018. So it's like And only the 5 years. We have a partially open data. Initiative for the street crimes was introduced on the trail basis. 179 00:30:08.320 --> 00:30:20.100 So utilizing this data on examination of the relationship between the typhoon damage and crime-creency in Japan will be conducted in my research. 180 00:30:21.180 --> 00:30:31.410 So our previous research is Until now the severe disaster have been studied regarding to their crime in affected areas. 181 00:30:31.900 --> 00:30:35.370 So. First one is great canto, earthquake 182 00:30:35.380 --> 00:30:56.900 and instance. There was a minor ticketing, especially the Koreans. They were freed by the lumor. and in the hunting average earthquake. It's the increase in the motorcycle seed, because so many debris, broke in the load, and it make our street more narrow, so the motorcycle is more needed. 183 00:30:57.510 --> 00:31:10.490 So and also more herbal. were not defricting in the offshore post. Statistics! But there were the and and numerous number of the reported for the sexual offences. 184 00:31:11.460 --> 00:31:30.729 And in the great East Japan earthquake there are so many burglary in the Fukushima area, because Fukushima area is not so many affected by the tsunami. So their house was remaining so after they evacuate because of their Fukushima diet plant 185 00:31:30.800 --> 00:31:39.290 a nuclear power plant instant. So so many people are there. get into their houses. 186 00:31:39.720 --> 00:31:52.469 and the similar things happen in the Kumamoto earthquake because it's an earthquake. affected area. So the the houses remain there. So there's so many bower. residential barbarity there. 187 00:31:53.370 --> 00:31:57.620 So based on these research findings. 188 00:31:57.780 --> 00:32:07.539 we are separate in. Those crimes occurring in disaster affected the disaster. Affected area is categorized into these 4 types. 189 00:32:07.820 --> 00:32:14.419 Despite crimes that occur when the initial support for victims is insufficient. 190 00:32:14.770 --> 00:32:22.199 Opportunities! Crimes is taking advantage of the chaos and the disaster affected earlier 191 00:32:22.720 --> 00:32:33.310 and third one. There's stress-hearted crimes. It's the result from the so stressful living condition in the after the mass of disaster. 192 00:32:33.420 --> 00:32:46.349 and others is like a a mixing type of these crimes. And You know some of the authorities are are carried exposure and individuals a position of the power, and also some kind of discrimination 193 00:32:46.480 --> 00:32:52.120 related treatment. So 194 00:32:52.960 --> 00:33:04.050 In this study I analyzed a crime that occurred after time, whom related damage, using both open data and extensive Internet or survey victim data. 195 00:33:04.230 --> 00:33:22.219 the primarily focusing on the Chiba Prefecture in 90 2,019, because I choose this year because this E the 2,019 has a so many typhoons occurred, and then also the 196 00:33:22.240 --> 00:33:27.830 The chiva prefecture is landfall in September and October. 197 00:33:27.840 --> 00:33:43.150 The first one is typhoon fasai, and the second one is a Taihu Haji base, and then the second one huggy base has a Called extensive power outage. In a Chiba prefecture. 198 00:33:44.380 --> 00:33:53.119 And this analysis, using the first, are using the open data for the analysis in a Chiva prefecture. 199 00:33:53.240 --> 00:33:59.929 I use open data for the by the Chiba Prefect Prefecture police officer. 200 00:33:59.940 --> 00:34:06.510 and then second one. A second data is a population data, and third, one is a power out is liquid. 201 00:34:06.840 --> 00:34:22.889 and the third one at the the A cram data, and the population data is open data by the auction. And then the third per outage record is, it! I get it from the my research corroborator. 202 00:34:25.060 --> 00:34:36.649 And this graph is presented. Here is represent the open data on crime in Chiba prefecture from 90 and 2,018, through the 2,019, 203 00:34:36.710 --> 00:34:41.490 and I put some The the timing of the 2 typhoon here. 204 00:34:41.650 --> 00:34:56.139 and then you can see the This is the whole street crimes, and then most of the street crime in Japan is constituted by the bicycle, sift the top of the top one in this graph. 205 00:34:56.470 --> 00:35:00.739 So I, a excluded by skill set. 206 00:35:00.870 --> 00:35:09.510 This is the other kind of sift grime on the the street, including inside a street crime. 207 00:35:09.810 --> 00:35:30.010 And but this is, you know, the this graph. They build limited insights. So I conducted a special analysis to matching these data because power out this data is a point data for the each individual utility polls 208 00:35:30.100 --> 00:35:54.459 and the cram data and the population data or procedure. the polygon data. So through the spatial joining, I like creating the 5,903 d. district! And I conducting the analysis by this? more than like like 6,000 cases as a 209 00:35:54.670 --> 00:35:58.069 the the data data set 210 00:35:59.000 --> 00:36:10.599 and to analyze the impact of the power outage. The data was divided into the area that experienced outage or the alias that didn't experienced 211 00:36:11.000 --> 00:36:19.820 a repeated major analyses. They build a significant decrease and the street crime in the heavy affected by the power art age. 212 00:36:21.830 --> 00:36:32.709 So I, conducting the using the large scale Internet subway the correct data from the 10,000 individual nationwide. Japan. 213 00:36:34.510 --> 00:36:46.599 Okay? And among the 10,000 respondents, 2,097 individuals reported, experienced some form of the national disaster 214 00:36:46.710 --> 00:36:48.000 among them. 215 00:36:48.830 --> 00:36:55.490 Okay, 150. A individual reported being victim of the crime after the disaster 216 00:36:55.890 --> 00:37:03.700 due to the small number of the cases. This This Analysis include all hazard, not only the typhoon affected. 217 00:37:03.720 --> 00:37:15.120 so the crimes they experienced belong to the category of desperate and opportunity. Instagram, the later one is a devastate 218 00:37:15.820 --> 00:37:20.209 the crime, and the year one is an opportunity, state crime. 219 00:37:20.650 --> 00:37:29.080 The respondents were asked where they reported the crime to the police. After recognized and victimization 220 00:37:29.590 --> 00:37:40.749 comparison with the reported lake during the known disaster period, they built a deporting late for the 221 00:37:40.770 --> 00:37:51.430 disparate crime was a proximity kind of half of the usual. The no disaster period deported late. 222 00:37:53.230 --> 00:38:04.250 So for conclusion and discussion and conclusion, the Sif program significantly decreased during the power outage for the typhoon. 223 00:38:04.490 --> 00:38:09.420 The majority of a safe crime in Japan involving the bicycle theft. 224 00:38:09.570 --> 00:38:25.000 The main reason for the bicycle sift is that we call is a trinity. it's kind of They took someone's bicycle for the really short distance trouble. But it's kind of for to walk. 225 00:38:25.140 --> 00:38:40.770 So during the power outage after the typhoon. The demand for the join or bicycle is kind of decreased, so it's lead to the decrease in the all over the occurrence of the sift crime. 226 00:38:41.170 --> 00:38:48.609 And, furthermore, it has been the observed, the deporting rate decreased after the disaster. 227 00:38:49.740 --> 00:39:08.689 and this can be attribute to attribute to the reasons, such as being busy with the disaster response. Or the because Their home is Lady Callous, so they cannot make sure. they something was stolen actually in their house or not. 228 00:39:08.690 --> 00:39:21.880 So these factories contribute to the hesitancy in reporting crimes. So this information is based on the resort of the interview we conduct in the Kumamoto earthquake affected area. 229 00:39:22.390 --> 00:39:40.600 So, indeed, conducting the comprehensive and systematic analysis would require the utilization of both offshore crime statistics, and provided by the police and victimization survey Ligard and crime incidents among the affected population 230 00:39:41.030 --> 00:39:54.570 by combinating These 2 sources of data, a more complete picture of the relationship between the disaster and crime can be obtained. So I should keep continue this kind of research 231 00:39:54.830 --> 00:39:57.650 in Japan. So thank you. 232 00:40:04.850 --> 00:40:05.990 You guys. 233 00:40:06.240 --> 00:40:09.420 there's mine. Okay. 234 00:40:09.750 --> 00:40:14.470 I'm just trying to turn off my timer before you guys stand. Let me know, like 235 00:40:14.700 --> 00:40:17.070 wild, crazy sounds. 236 00:40:17.300 --> 00:40:20.229 Ziqiang Han: Yeah, I I know, can you? 237 00:40:20.310 --> 00:40:24.519 Yep, yep. 238 00:40:24.860 --> 00:40:26.999 So let me. 239 00:40:30.630 --> 00:40:36.480 There we go, all right. So, Han, you are next. 240 00:40:37.700 --> 00:40:49.859 so you can take over controls whenever you are ready. All right, we can see your presentation. So that's good. So whenever you're ready, please introduce yourself and start. 241 00:40:50.240 --> 00:41:15.639 Ziqiang Han: Thank you. Also, alumni over the the center at the University of Delaware. I'm I'm working as a professor at the Center for risk governance and the emergency management 242 00:41:15.950 --> 00:41:27.679 Ziqiang Han: Central University. Right now, Senior University of China. Right now our campus is located in chin down the very Beautiful? And the coastal city. So if 243 00:41:27.840 --> 00:41:29.540 Ziqiang Han: about 244 00:41:30.420 --> 00:41:45.829 Ziqiang Han: in future, if if you are in so we we can collaborate on some research and welcome you in person. in, we have a separate waiting for fellowship programs. 245 00:41:46.020 --> 00:42:15.000 Ziqiang Han: And this is my email. And I think that the email is also on the website. Okay, so now I now go to the the study I want to share with the It's a non-compliance behavior to, you know, COVID-19 in China. And I did, and that, you know, uses that term cram because the money of it. It's it's a it's a it's a it's a 246 00:42:15.190 --> 00:42:26.739 Ziqiang Han: This is in the studies, this go back to the concept of term, you know the. That's a research area in terms of the 247 00:42:27.060 --> 00:42:41.750 Ziqiang Han: they just for me, it is some of mesa conceptualization. they're in disasters, especially the natural induced to. That starts, for example, that it's that some may. It cause epidemics 248 00:42:41.980 --> 00:42:52.319 Ziqiang Han: all most of that is as the victims the the not the rationals they will be, they would have become panic. They are in the 249 00:42:52.360 --> 00:42:57.740 Ziqiang Han: and into social behavior like a cram. 250 00:42:57.750 --> 00:43:00.449 Ziqiang Han: I'm increase. 251 00:43:01.100 --> 00:43:16.049 Ziqiang Han: But as a as a researcher. That's a researcher that shows that as a pro-social behavior, and like a voluntary and a donation because they are the the predominantly they that's the scenario. And the 252 00:43:16.410 --> 00:43:38.429 Ziqiang Han: they're always a like they paid. It's it's a, it's a it's a it's a it's a formal media and a researcher. And and and also the the public media kind. It kind of their conclusion from their reports and their their observations. And the researcher like us, go and go also get some more data. 253 00:43:38.430 --> 00:43:48.639 Ziqiang Han: And the recently are so I think with the right of cell phones, the social media. Well, everybody become a data source. So we can. may re 254 00:43:48.680 --> 00:43:58.210 Ziqiang Han: investigated this and the the the paper discussed about the the of these estimates. 255 00:43:58.390 --> 00:44:17.410 Ziqiang Han: he, he thinks we should really think of this the heivers like a panic or irrational and the social all our pro-social behavior. So we pick as a crime change in this. they're the covid at that case. 256 00:44:18.590 --> 00:44:45.169 Ziqiang Han: This also, Attracted as research as a formal especially from a criminology area in 2022 November, the National Academy of a Sense of the United States organized the one workshop, or discuss about the the crimes rates change it. They are in the COVID-19 and and 257 00:44:45.230 --> 00:45:12.760 Ziqiang Han: the data source because they're they're a man in the open data sauce. you know, the United States is several sauce potential sources they use the The national crime. Information is in the database, and the national crime of victim or survey conducted the Annually from the Department of Justice, and the also the I would be uniform crimes, cram database. 258 00:45:12.950 --> 00:45:22.319 Ziqiang Han: and also some of the researchers use the Cdc, so and another, the sauce is. 259 00:45:22.550 --> 00:45:41.840 Ziqiang Han: if they did, they did. They did the the city level. They you said the City police department that they have, like the Nypd and statistics. So we can see here the one Pd updated that they their crime, the primary information 260 00:45:42.090 --> 00:45:44.840 Ziqiang Han: daily. So almost every day. 261 00:45:46.150 --> 00:46:03.809 Ziqiang Han: Basically, the results show that this is the most of this is a crime crime rates, changes. Studies are coming from the the United States. And basically, they are the showing that that the increase of the 262 00:46:04.020 --> 00:46:06.040 Ziqiang Han: crime over a crime. 263 00:46:06.090 --> 00:46:14.720 Ziqiang Han: especially the the pro crime and the property cram both increased the 264 00:46:14.960 --> 00:46:20.370 Ziqiang Han: before. We compare that to that 19 to 10, to 20, and then 221 265 00:46:20.390 --> 00:46:29.620 Ziqiang Han: I think in detail. Some some of crime like from Cap, like a robbery, That decrease in 2,020 266 00:46:30.360 --> 00:46:31.370 Ziqiang Han: by the 267 00:46:31.490 --> 00:46:49.689 Ziqiang Han: because the most of the this is Scott. Is that coming from the Us. The United States. There we we know there's a Floyd protest occurred money in places. So there may be some other other influences, factors and 268 00:46:49.980 --> 00:46:54.029 Ziqiang Han: So there is a needed to. To most study. 269 00:46:54.030 --> 00:47:20.150 Ziqiang Han: I use the chat, the data from China. But there's there's no official data about the crime rates. So I cracked the data from a social media data for the local police, the who produce the department because almost all the local police department, every county level, every city. They have a social media. We board a contact. 270 00:47:20.150 --> 00:47:34.229 Ziqiang Han: Actually, they have social media. And I have also have a account. So they posted the post with the the information, On their social media? One example, Paul, is there, the the the safety alert. 271 00:47:34.410 --> 00:47:47.820 Ziqiang Han: the safety, for example, this one. She was a for example, this one she was a, this this, if they learned how you set up okay, in June, June 20, sixth, 1020, 272 00:47:47.820 --> 00:48:09.479 Ziqiang Han: That was a criminal. The the the name, the it's a it's a male 37. And he killed that he the wife, by using car, and they had the wife, was a female. 38, and that the this guy is under the custody right now. 273 00:48:09.550 --> 00:48:18.869 Ziqiang Han: So this is the kind of the the protein is safety alert, Most of most of the local place they post that it is 274 00:48:19.510 --> 00:48:21.710 Ziqiang Han: on their social media. 275 00:48:21.900 --> 00:48:51.039 Ziqiang Han: of course I wouldn't. I wouldn't have discussed with, because some of them, I, P. And I'm chase students as they work as the the in the police department to post it. This information I I they told me that actually they didn't. They don't have posted all the all the crime behaviors or crime activities. It's just the pick, this 1 one. They think that as a time educated the public all kind of learning public 276 00:48:51.220 --> 00:49:20.539 Ziqiang Han: So I correctly all this information from from the 20 and 9, 9, 2020, and the 2,001 from from from all the place departments on the social media. They are all about the 3 3 saw and the local police department accounts. So I collect all this information and these are pictures. And I try to transfer the the pictures into test data and 277 00:49:20.540 --> 00:49:25.470 Ziqiang Han: code data code data. This, all this information. Yeah. 278 00:49:25.510 --> 00:49:35.830 Ziqiang Han: After the the the from the first year, the 2,019 and the 2,020 there were 5 was on that case they left. 279 00:49:36.200 --> 00:49:47.529 Ziqiang Han: And the also I use the the city level data like the Gdp's Age group for the Internet access and the culture scores. And also the covid tastes. So we 280 00:49:47.550 --> 00:49:49.640 Ziqiang Han: included this 281 00:49:50.040 --> 00:50:12.060 Ziqiang Han: to for further analysis. So this is how how we constructed the database. I'll go quickly the basic results. This is the it's just a basically the results compared to them, The first 3 are 2020, 2029, and the 2,020. When I see there is a clearly that the increase of the 282 00:50:12.490 --> 00:50:15.520 Ziqiang Han: the 283 00:50:16.120 --> 00:50:34.210 Ziqiang Han: but when we go, did this a special distribution, the overall, the the the the more popular populace area and the more economic area, I should have a more cases. The the case is a collaborative correlated with the population density. 284 00:50:34.850 --> 00:50:56.300 Ziqiang Han: But if we go detail about to see the crime type the in the 20, yeah. 29, there's some more more crime cap. But in 2,020. Actually, there are less crime type. But there are the increase of a cyber crime and also some more. 285 00:50:56.720 --> 00:51:06.759 Ziqiang Han: This information. And for all the yeah, I I see. So overall the thank you, Michelle. The the results 286 00:51:06.760 --> 00:51:13.999 Ziqiang Han: show that the the separate crime, we increase the the the test and the. 287 00:51:14.000 --> 00:51:36.960 Ziqiang Han: and then the police use the force so also to but the place to use it. my name, Minor discipline. My search, for for example, educated, the the public other, the the the the the the most of with the validate as a regulations that will Covid is COVID-19 regulations. 288 00:51:38.370 --> 00:51:40.509 Ziqiang Han: And I think that that's all 289 00:51:40.750 --> 00:51:42.520 Ziqiang Han: that sent you. 290 00:51:44.330 --> 00:51:50.109 Thank you. Han, that was really, really interesting. Thank you so much. 291 00:51:51.200 --> 00:51:56.440 Okay, so where are we 292 00:51:57.630 --> 00:52:08.400 all right. It looks like our final session, for today is pre-recorded. So I am going to 293 00:52:09.800 --> 00:52:12.910 share my screen. and then 294 00:52:13.820 --> 00:52:16.669 let's see if we can get this up and rolling. 295 00:52:18.810 --> 00:52:30.429 So first of all, we would like to thank in the panel convener and all the panelists for all the hard work you put in organizing this session, and, of course, for accepting our working paper and presentation. 296 00:52:31.130 --> 00:52:41.809 The title of our contribution, as you can see, is illusions that control disaster, risk, reduction and counterterrorism, preparedness in a never-ending security crisis. 297 00:52:41.880 --> 00:53:03.139 The initial objective of this research paper was to reflect on a specific issue which is to understand how public authorities try to control what is progressively presented as a rise of uncertainty, and at the same time contributed further the framing of life as a never-ending security crisis. 298 00:53:04.380 --> 00:53:19.129 To do so. We analyze 2 case studies in Chile and France. The first one is the case of an emergency and disaster management device implemented in Chile after the 2,010 male earthquake and tsunami. 299 00:53:19.360 --> 00:53:31.060 the community emergency response team cert program. The third program was created by the Los Angeles, C. Defi department in 86, based on Japanese and Mexican experiences. 300 00:53:31.240 --> 00:53:43.730 It was then made an American national instrument in 93 by the Federal Emergency Management Agency. The program was then imported by the Chilean National Emergency Bureau. 301 00:53:43.890 --> 00:53:56.429 the Federal Emergency Management Agency and the California Office of Emergency Services to Chile from 2,011 to 2,012 after the boundary disaster in 2010 302 00:53:58.220 --> 00:54:09.220 this program was conceived in order to prepare citizens to help themselves, as well as to aid first responders by training the population in 4 steps. 303 00:54:09.350 --> 00:54:24.050 The first one was, prepare expectations in terms of emergency services. The second one is to communicate, that is the individual's responsibility, to reduce risk and to prepare the third one 304 00:54:24.100 --> 00:54:40.630 to train on the essential skills of first aid and decision making. and finally, the fourth one to train to organise response teams which will act as an extension of the emergency services. To this end the Chilean search 305 00:54:40.810 --> 00:54:50.889 training currently provides a guide for instructors and student Manual, a Powerpoint presentation and a list of learning videos on simulation exercises. 306 00:54:52.770 --> 00:55:05.429 The second case study concerns prevention and preparedness in the face of the terrorist threat in France. Here I am looking at a number of instruments for peppering for threads. 307 00:55:05.540 --> 00:55:17.270 The first one called. is the main instrument for papering a get threat of terrorism. After the 1,995 terrorist attacks in Paris. 308 00:55:17.310 --> 00:55:32.029 issued by the Prime Minister's office and its general secretire for defense and national security. This instrument focuses on training and awareness raising panels for the general public 309 00:55:32.720 --> 00:55:46.090 within vigipulat. I'm going to focus on the online training Fairfax, or some facing up together. I would also like to suggest another instrument. Another training device 310 00:55:46.170 --> 00:55:56.730 which was created this time by the Ministry of Interior and the Interministerial Committee for the Prevention of Crime and Radicalization. 311 00:55:57.280 --> 00:56:12.519 This objective of this instrument training device is to anticipate and prevent radicalization and so terrorism by focusing more on a target audience, civil servants and local authority staff. 312 00:56:12.930 --> 00:56:24.469 The aim is to align 2 types of apparatus, 2 types of preparedness which implies 2 type of public participation in security and defense policy. 313 00:56:24.890 --> 00:56:35.100 So the research question that guide that work is defined as illustrated by disaster-risk reduction programs in chile and counter-terrorism training in France. 314 00:56:35.170 --> 00:57:00.290 until what extend is the illusion of control over the effect of a state of a permanent secretary to crisis based on population, targeting and capacity transfer practicing as well as cyclical conception of time. In order to answer to this question or many hypotheses, is that in both inually and in France, control over emergency situations, is the reality of an evolution 315 00:57:00.300 --> 00:57:14.560 closely linked to the pre-programmed projections of these situations. which are developed, created, elaborated by security professionals on the basis of 3 main elements. 316 00:57:15.160 --> 00:57:26.569 population targeting capacity transfer and a cyclical conception of time. So first, we want to look at the framing operation towards population. 317 00:57:26.880 --> 00:57:41.590 How are we trying to turn civilian population into Brazilian population? And what is the meaning of this term as illustrating my assert program in chile and counter-terrorism devices. In France 318 00:57:42.560 --> 00:57:56.639 the first elements refers to population targeting, practicing. which entails targeting and categorizing specific social groups as vulnerable population likely to become resilient. 319 00:57:57.420 --> 00:58:11.270 Population. Targeting techniques are based on to specific practicing. That country moved to the illusion of control and certainty by the Chilean and French target of population. 320 00:58:12.000 --> 00:58:25.390 The first one refers to the transformation of vulnerable population and unprepared population into autonomous, prepared, and resilient citizens. 321 00:58:25.920 --> 00:58:36.640 Resilience is in Chile and France a way to enroll population in security and defense policies and instruments. The second one 322 00:58:36.650 --> 00:58:48.330 refers to the normalization of pause. The discourse and the framing of security crisis. Crisis is here understood, not only as a patent. 323 00:58:48.380 --> 00:58:52.969 but also as a new type of governance. 324 00:58:54.090 --> 00:59:07.649 So the second element refers to preparing for uncertainty. which relies on 2 specific practices, capacity, transfer practices and responsibilities of the citizens practices. 325 00:59:08.210 --> 00:59:19.900 So how is that capacity, transfer and responsibilities? Practices are supposed to prepare us for uncertainty. Reshma civilizations, refers first of all to 326 00:59:19.970 --> 00:59:31.210 how to adopt a permanent state of alert and vigilance through preparedness and capacity to transfer trainings. as we can see in Chile and in France. 327 00:59:31.620 --> 00:59:43.270 convinced by the benefits of transferring capacities to populations to lucky populations. The promoters of these instruments of these training programs believe 328 00:59:43.550 --> 00:59:58.539 in their effectiveness, in governing uncertainty, in governing future uncertainties. And this lies on 2 cognitive mechanisms. The first one refers to the actors attitude and institutional membership. 329 00:59:58.800 --> 01:00:05.060 and the second one to the forms or modalities of belief in the feasibility of the action. 330 01:00:06.150 --> 01:00:26.069 The third element that we want to address is how preparedness, training are based on the cyclic consumption of time in the practice. This requires from a secretive professional to imagine the possible future, and at the same time projecting an anticipated path into the future. 331 01:00:27.450 --> 01:00:44.769 Ziqiang Han: The third element we want to reflect on is the employment by injectors of the cyclical conception of time more precisely what interest us is, how targeting and preparing these practices, I, driven by cyclical conception of time. 332 01:00:45.300 --> 01:00:59.540 Thus the emergence of a never-ending crisis is employed by the actors as a kind of axiom which make it possible for them to think about preparedness and resilience. 333 01:00:59.800 --> 01:01:10.139 In practice. The use of this cyclical conception of time creates and projects what Olivia has an Alzheimer' 334 01:01:10.280 --> 01:01:23.729 called structured emergency situation. You know the words imagine crisis employment in training devices are not real crisis, but tools which are quite useful to Google. 335 01:01:24.150 --> 01:01:35.309 Targeting population. in fact, does exercise and scenarios do not reflect the crisis experience on this basis. 336 01:01:35.410 --> 01:01:46.280 A crucial idea emerge, namely, that thinking and developing knowledge about the future is a battlefield driving by consensus. 337 01:01:46.350 --> 01:02:03.339 conflict and controversy between security professionals, actors. 3 key points can be highlighted in our conclusion. The first one is that controlling risk means targeting vulnerable populations 338 01:02:03.500 --> 01:02:14.390 to be protected. The second one is that protecting these vulnerable populations entails. preparing them and giving them through 339 01:02:14.400 --> 01:02:26.989 training courses, a sense of responsibility. And the third one is that preparing this population involves or entails the use of a cyclical conception of time 340 01:02:27.240 --> 01:02:40.240 and pre programmed or organized futures which are embedded in conflict characterizing specific security fields either in Chile or in France. 341 01:02:44.410 --> 01:02:47.170 Yay, that was awesome. 342 01:02:49.650 --> 01:02:52.560 all right. So 343 01:02:52.640 --> 01:03:10.850 if you have any questions about the last presentation, remember, you can use your Isa app to direct questions to presenters. So what I am going to do now is I'm going to stop sharing. 344 01:03:10.850 --> 01:03:29.460 and I'm gonna open up the floor for you guys to ask questions of each other to give feedback. However, you would like to do it. Anna has a question. Why don't you come up here? Since you're on just 345 01:03:29.630 --> 01:03:40.690 a happy little moderator. So why don't you take this pole position? And I'll just move out of the way. Okay, I have a question to the Roger. 346 01:03:43.430 --> 01:03:46.700 Hello, Roger. Okay, okay. 347 01:03:46.990 --> 01:04:14.119 okay, I have a question. because are you talking about the fishing and drugs smuggling? And I think the relationship between the the fishing and drugs. Modeling is due to kind of long term, unsustainable fishing practices. So actually, what is the factor, or what kind of 348 01:04:14.120 --> 01:04:21.550 effect. The disaster is conducted by those kind of relationships. 349 01:04:24.470 --> 01:04:27.529 the fishing and and the drug smuggling. 350 01:04:29.030 --> 01:04:44.459 Roger Ramos: Sorry. I think my connection is worsened, and I lost the the last part of your question. If you, if you could please, repeat it, or if you prefer, you can write it down, so I can answer it. Okay, can I? I? I can. 351 01:04:45.010 --> 01:04:49.609 Right on the chat. Okay, okay, okay. 352 01:04:52.160 --> 01:04:54.439 But I, 353 01:04:55.260 --> 01:05:04.319 okay. actually, this keyboard doesn't work. And I couldn't type anything. So. 354 01:05:04.360 --> 01:05:20.690 okay, I try to. By the by, my, by, my voice. So what is the effect of the disaster for this kind of relationship between the fishing and the drug smuggling. 355 01:05:23.130 --> 01:05:24.850 Could you hear it? 356 01:05:28.610 --> 01:05:34.280 Okay. But this check didn't work for the here. So 357 01:05:35.090 --> 01:05:40.600 oh, yeah, yeah, it 358 01:05:40.970 --> 01:05:45.690 I. Okay. 359 01:05:49.570 --> 01:05:51.909 And now it didn't work. 360 01:05:53.180 --> 01:05:58.950 Oh, thank you, Jennifer. Thank you. Jennifer. 361 01:06:05.050 --> 01:06:05.930 Yes. 362 01:06:09.170 --> 01:06:14.540 Roger Ramos: that's my question. 363 01:06:19.530 --> 01:06:20.590 Roger Ramos: Hello. 364 01:06:20.700 --> 01:06:21.740 yes. 365 01:06:22.870 --> 01:06:34.919 Roger Ramos: Okay. What is it? The relationship in the disaster between the fishing and the drug smoking. That was question. Right? Yes, yes, yes. Okay. Thank you. Sorry again. 366 01:06:35.200 --> 01:06:40.030 Roger Ramos: well, basically And from 367 01:06:41.230 --> 01:06:59.540 Roger Ramos: historical perspective, I think. the main relationship between a disaster process and drugs. Modeling is the is the loss of the the sea as a as a as a territory for fishermen. So they they in in with the presence of trafficking 368 01:06:59.830 --> 01:07:05.950 Roger Ramos: fishermen, feel they are losing a a part of the 369 01:07:06.370 --> 01:07:07.500 Roger Ramos: the 370 01:07:08.850 --> 01:07:33.069 Roger Ramos: that usually they they possess. They I I don't know how to to, to to explain it. But this is is basically that it's it's a loss of of of territory, which mean, at the same time a loss of identity, because they have to abandon their their tradition, the lifestyle and and do something they 371 01:07:36.100 --> 01:07:39.350 Roger Ramos: I don't want to do. But they are forced to do. 372 01:07:46.650 --> 01:07:49.850 Okay? So so I, okay, 373 01:07:49.930 --> 01:07:51.000 Roger Ramos: I don't know if 374 01:07:54.730 --> 01:07:56.040 Roger Ramos: you hear me. There. 375 01:07:56.090 --> 01:07:59.500 Yeah, yeah. Yeah. okay. So 376 01:07:59.700 --> 01:08:02.010 Roger Ramos: one day. 377 01:08:02.280 --> 01:08:02.990 And 378 01:08:03.850 --> 01:08:27.750 Roger Ramos: in in this case, when an when an earthquake happens, in some way, the capabilities or of the the community are are not the same. They've fishermen feels they have lost. since they've lost the connection with the sea. A lot of their old capabilities to face disasters have been lost as well. 379 01:08:28.830 --> 01:08:29.810 Okay. 380 01:08:30.710 --> 01:08:39.640 Roger Ramos: So that's why they mentioned often testimonies, the criminal activities as part of their vulnerabilities in front of disasters. 381 01:08:41.030 --> 01:08:41.970 Okay. 382 01:08:44.460 --> 01:08:46.049 okay, thank you. 383 01:08:46.450 --> 01:08:47.500 Roger Ramos: Thank you. 384 01:08:47.560 --> 01:08:48.960 Yeah. Okay. 385 01:08:49.190 --> 01:08:50.200 He here. 386 01:08:56.390 --> 01:09:00.099 we pay up there because somebody has a question from you. 387 01:09:00.170 --> 01:09:02.060 Okay. 388 01:09:04.720 --> 01:09:10.419 any other questions. 389 01:09:14.530 --> 01:09:16.120 This is still the 390 01:09:17.130 --> 01:09:18.030 oh. 391 01:09:19.980 --> 01:09:20.690 the 392 01:09:22.910 --> 01:09:24.439 or maybe this one. 393 01:09:25.360 --> 01:09:26.540 How about this one? 394 01:09:27.210 --> 01:09:29.130 Yeah. 395 01:09:29.260 --> 01:09:30.000 okay. 396 01:09:31.140 --> 01:09:36.460 Any other questions for each other or from the audience? 397 01:09:38.210 --> 01:09:47.299 Ziqiang Han: I know it's crazy hours. Everybody is on a completely different time zone. So I think everybody is just kinda 398 01:09:49.180 --> 01:09:53.070 Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: I have to wait till 1 30 in the morning for my next presentation. 399 01:09:53.540 --> 01:10:21.720 It's it's just rough. When we did this in Brazil instead of Brazil. That was me. I was moderating sessions, and I was lying down. Well, the preside, turn off my camera and just lie down next to my computer. Well, listen. Thank you, everybody. It has been really amazing. And Han oh, my God, big hug so nice to see you. 400 01:10:21.720 --> 01:10:37.739 thank you, everybody. Remember if if questions come up once your brain's clear and you've had some sleep and the coffee hits. Please reach out to the individual presenters. I want to thank everybody. This was a great session. 401 01:10:39.210 --> 01:10:51.160 Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: and I hope to see all of you face to face at some point in the future. Jennifer Roger, thank you so very much. Have a great day night. 402 01:10:51.210 --> 01:10:56.000 whatever is happening where you are by everybody.