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Oh, but even this, the 60 day that we are here!

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And it's really, really, really, Jimmy, so exhausted because it's really nice to know everybody and to to know and to have new new picnic around us, and so sorry because this so confused study in the beginning. But it's a pleasure to be here, if all of you

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we will. Having this session for presentation. You, Jim, is the first as remote one we have to present here to colleagues here to present. Well, and then you have one who pre records that in my opinion it's not made sense. But it's okay. We have, and then you share with you all of us.

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and I have no the formal opening here to read. But at the I think that it's very important to say, thank you, and show our gratitude for Research Committee 54. Body and social science for this land. From this territory, for the spirit of this land

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and our ancestrality, and how this place receives us in the very openness and serenity and calm way, and it is our great and thank you for this place, for this land, for the organization, and for the Aza and for everybody that is here in contribute to our Rc. 54.

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And I just say, first, you started doing sorry. Yes, that we have our business meeting. Deliver not because it's so tight, but you have. And this is really important. If you want to be present in this room to today, and 3 and a half, and there is a pleasure to receive you. We are in playing in the process of election.

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and then, if you want to be part of the border, this is possible. And then new thoughts, new persons, it's really, really welcome, and then thank you so much. And, Jim, this stage is yours, please, because the chair is, he will. Of course I didn't my homework, because I not share this. And I, you ask for the present present to ourselves. Okay, thank you so much. I'll share my screen.

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please.

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Okay, can you see my presentation. Thank you. If you can put in the present in present a mode. Thank you so much.

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Jimin Oh: Good morning, everyone. My name is Shaman. Oh, today I will be presenting in title, symbol this struggle for the recognition of the women in the track of

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Jimin Oh: and not all

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Jimin Oh:  the central female. My research project around the concept of live and desk.

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Jimin Oh: my previous research never as follows, so today I will focus on women and funerals

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Jimin Oh: a order to conduct it's.

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Jimin Oh: And again, the

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Jimin Oh: it's still in a single industry.

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Jimin Oh: Throughout this process I in But realizing, understand this.

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Jimin Oh: so

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Jimin Oh: in contemporary currents of Saturday, there is an increasing discourse around vendor discrimination within the Federal culture.

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Jimin Oh: It has traditionally being utilized by a confusion, Petrarch or framework, so she has contribute to the emergence of gender inequality issues

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Jimin Oh: some. True. It's a very key part in this or in the contemporary society, the town's country, the first trump individual who the presence that believe the family during a Korean funeral, however.

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Jimin Oh: of prevailing

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Jimin Oh: as gradually this study was undertaken with the following research, inquiry, first.

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Jimin Oh: in what a symbolic struggle process can women obtain the position of

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Jimin Oh: second

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Jimin Oh: for female in the future? So, being, as I'm true, what are their feelings and experiences? Sorry what factors they enforce, their ability to perform their lowres of women in the face of

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Jimin Oh: patriarch of.

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Jimin Oh: So to ask this research questions following that Metallel's correct purchase, your employed contest analysis that's interviews and participants. Observations.

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Jimin Oh: Korean tradition of there are foundations from the book okay

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Jimin Oh: served by to he in the I'm sure it's defined as follows.

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Jimin Oh: it only refers to the lower fulfilled by the eldest son in the funeral precedence.

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Jimin Oh: in the absence of an elder son. Responsibility for Zoom by the eldest grandson.

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Jimin Oh: the

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Jimin Oh: some jur is the individual responsible for us, providing the set of on your and sister lies a lot of the time you can be fulfilled by either the spouse or the eldest son

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Jimin Oh: in situation where there are no to sent us off. This is the close of the letting, assumed this possibility of what we see we ancestralized

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Jimin Oh: from tradition or to model to Saturdays the definition of central as I'm not really bri around inertia. Copy it be a or fulfilled by males.

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Jimin Oh: Rebelling convention. That, I'm sure is alerts are formed by mail. It's it's it's it's it's it's it's

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Jimin Oh: it's still in part of the requirement of why we have the first and experience serving as the from generating to 2,022

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Jimin Oh: to ensure ethical considerations. The research opt into a proper from the Irp.

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Jimin Oh: The cable is that email, traffic information, information of the I

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Jimin Oh: I illustrate that.

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Jimin Oh: we don't have enough time. So I will pass this

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Jimin Oh: so based on the experience share they to collect on the I just want

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Jimin Oh: first struggle for

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Jimin Oh: sorry.

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Jimin Oh: First. it's struggle, and that combination of symbolic

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Jimin Oh: seeds.

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Jimin Oh: due to social or expectations and external perspectives, such as that it is preferable for younger or unmarried. The women to have may be lettuce, assumed a lot of some. You women have experienced discomfort.

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Jimin Oh: Another home. During the conversation between our directors. They ask

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Jimin Oh: questions like, what should it be?

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Jimin Oh: Are there any man or siblings email cousins.

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Jimin Oh: it's the same

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Jimin Oh: I was in that sense I'm a daughter. Why should my mail

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Jimin Oh: felt upset and stopped on there. that's

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Jimin Oh: our.

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Jimin Oh: It will be first. It's it's a possible. However, there are directors and other family members of them.

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Jimin Oh: I was scolded by Alfred people in our home. even though I'm single. It says things like times like this. You should have that a husband by your side get married.

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Jimin Oh: What does Mary have to do with app. You know I didn't want to hear those unpleasant negative comments.

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Jimin Oh: Can't I handle it on my own because my father has been more at easy? If I had a husband by side.

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Jimin Oh: it made me feel like I'm still in complete

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Jimin Oh: after my father passed away.

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Jimin Oh: It is very evident that I have became become the financial provider, responsible for the future.

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Jimin Oh: For the next secret, the case. I've felt the sense of urgency, all of it a part of the

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Jimin Oh: the of becoming a provider for my family became very apparent to my father's death.

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Jimin Oh: especially in the case of they were plus 5 former or substantial, some within the of the light. The short thing in different funeral is experiences for women.

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Jimin Oh: Former sounds you at the passive situation

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Jimin Oh: they experience, or felt a liquid fall at the ceremony

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Jimin Oh: on the other side.

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Jimin Oh: substantial sound, trick and the struggle

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Jimin Oh: they were

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Jimin Oh: experienced it or felt

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Jimin Oh: on paper. I will, but I feel like. I've failed to feel a little during the ancestralized my cousin, or the brother who, to come to practical lot of being consumed, was the son of my aunt. If we get to feel a sense of exclusion. As I live in the past events, I experience the profound sense of self.

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Jimin Oh: Sorry

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Jimin Oh: a findings of this study, and that female countries not acknowledged it as the head of the ceremony

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Jimin Oh: in filling so of shame, stimulation, and our nation among women holding such an importance

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Jimin Oh: during the phenomenal well, often treated as mere young women or American women, which cost them to feel ashamed or frustrated

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Jimin Oh: in particular femur. I'm sure it's caring stuff, profound sense of powerlessness to to gender discrimination

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Jimin Oh: when I said they could't trust my at me, as that's how true

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Jimin Oh: the funeral home personal checks, regular times, saying things like, Are you the only going to this? Normally? It's done by a man. Are you sure you want to do it?

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Jimin Oh: So moment. Are there no men available? Are you married?

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Jimin Oh: The full process made me angry. What's that? No, please, just me.

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Jimin Oh: Process itself was personally

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Jimin Oh: during the funeral. She recovers like she's not even married, and her father pes away. Let me see.

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Jimin Oh: I will.

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Jimin Oh: I felt a lot of absence as a woman in terms of social

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Jimin Oh: special. We have as have experienced this regard in the termination of style, Karma's and Sri l's, and other aspects of that in our ceremony.

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Jimin Oh: This can be a tribute to the correctly mail dominated the symbol system inherent in

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Jimin Oh: not provide me with a one time.

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Jimin Oh: and I recast it. Please give me a one down to. We are on my arm

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Jimin Oh: of your direct to this on date. Usually women, you are a helping. I really couldn't understand. If that's like a lizard, and it's like a response.

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Jimin Oh: Guess to perceive. I'm sure it's the first to wear the ones that

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Jimin Oh: if I am the, it is appropriate for me to wear the lungs.

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Jimin Oh: However, I couldn't understand why I didn't share the one jump simply because I'm not

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Jimin Oh: despite situation emails, how much we have.

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Jimin Oh: and it a new form of new light in the future context.

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Jimin Oh: In conclusions.

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Jimin Oh: I just

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Jimin Oh: it, felt the frustrating.

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Jimin Oh: I didn't limit you. The agency.

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Jimin Oh: He claimed the

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Jimin Oh: gazing conflicts with our directors and the family members.

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Jimin Oh: They are so deviated from

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Jimin Oh: traditional.

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Jimin Oh: It's still the whole significant.

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Jimin Oh: It's calling the

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Jimin Oh: it's in prep. In

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Jimin Oh: whatever based on the findings of this study.

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Jimin Oh: it is recommended to operate gender equality, education.

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Jimin Oh: similar directors

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Jimin Oh: that is expected in changes in the areas. Funeral.

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Jimin Oh: A limitation of this study is the restricted number of interface which research should investigate the thing of our experiences. So we've been with diverse demographic tests for this additionally virtual search, it should be conducted on the experience of figure out directors and be able to families, as they say, crucial.

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Jimin Oh: or there's a need for a list that's shown that funeral industry, particularly in that our service providers and in our home operators, which can be considerate significant to pillar of funeral culture in contemporary Korea has become industrialized and embedded within consumer culture.

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Jimin Oh: I can

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Jimin Oh: that's sorry to examine all the in our industry influences, attitudes to our des. And

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Jimin Oh: so, if you're the same. So any question, or how nice after, or members presentation, thank you very much.

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I'd now like like to invite Carla for your presentation.

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Okay.

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 huh?

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You're welcome, thank you very much for being here.

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okay, sorry.

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Well, I am a Chillier researcher. But I live in Belgium, and I work at the University Catholic Lula in Belgium.

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And well, today I'm going to present some ethnographic study that I did during the pandemic, and I finished

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in 2,022.

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And here are some reflections about alienation and experience with the emotions and all the practice that that control the lectures and professor during the pandemic in the

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psychological schools in T.

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So

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today I will present part of a book chapter published in 2022 by the School of Psychology at the University of Santiago. Till

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I will focus on an element I have been developing for almost a year after the end of the pandemic very locked down.

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and I will try to answer how the pandemic affected the subjectivity of lectures and professors, until particularly in psychology schools.

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Why? This question is important.

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It is important because psychology has been strongly criticized for allowing the reproduction of colonization.

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and I'm going to pass it.

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And capitalist practices often leaving out structural elements that make up our societies to focus

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on individuals responsibilities for the consequence. The consequences that capitalist societies produces

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today. Various psychological associations have recognizes this problem. They are trying to move towards a psychology that does not reproduce structural patterns

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that lead to imbecivilization, discrimination, pathologization, and Russians to name a few. These organizations are, for example, the Ipa Sps. I. A society for a psychological study of social issues, the Inter-american Society of Psychologists, and others.

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In this sense the publication of this paper attempts to identify what kind of subjectivity dominated during the pandemic.

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For this I have taken the work of a Brazilian woman

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that calls Soili Ronnick and her proposal

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about the colony size, the subconscious through creative practice.

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And I took 2, and I am Parker work from Manchester on revolutionary psychology and revolutionary psychoanalysis.

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and of course, the works of Ignacio Martin Baro and his publications about writing. For a liberation of psychology.

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Well, the pandemic related process of subjectivation that began to take place during the social revolt in till and the night individuals. The ability to be free and autonomous in their life decisions.

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The arguments that support this idea is that not all people experiences the pandemic and the social revolt of 2,019 in the same way.

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Still they are. They all had experiences that continually tension and their subjectivities.

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This allowed some individuals to develop actions, to respond to institutional demands, family roles, and the possibility of emancipating themselves to transform tile through their jobs and professions.

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When the pandemic arrived in till the country was experiencing experiencing one of the most important revolt in its history.

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On October 2,019, Tolson took to the streets to demonstrate a gains. The abuse of the country's political and economic class

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demanding dignify life.

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Chileans went out on the streets every day, and on, for example, 2025 October, more than 1 million people took to the street to the mid tenth.

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and on 8 March in the same year, 1,918.

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Excuse me, 2,020

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for a feminist march. More than 2 million people took the streets for the feminist demonstration.

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A few days later the Government decreed the lockdown.

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The demands were multiple, the several university focuses. They did a really strong work.

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and they work a lot of hours in the day on reflecting on another, till a till that was inclusive, ecological, feminist, diverse, until With dignity

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the universities opened their doors to hold citizens meeting. They made the self available to the social movements, to generate spaces for reflection, devices, and diagnosis. And this happened across the country. And this is a book that we do with. With some colleagues about that

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well, the social revolt. I love it for awareness, racing experiences among Chilean citizens, innovation and creativity in the classroom, and there are some pictures that I took in the street on Santiago

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the psychology degrees, for example, the ecology degrees, courses were not indifferent, the context were contextualized to citizens demand in different subjects.

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For example, in the psychology of work and organization these discussions revolve, but around the precariousness of work and contract

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and proposals were made to improve working conditions in precarious situation

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on different city walls and in social media. The first it was in the present, in was capitalism was spread widely, and also reached the classroom and psychology schools. These questions revolve around how the consequences of capitalism has been directed towards in the field ones and have pathologized them, leveling them as anxiety, burnout on depressions.

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the lecturers and professors of psychologists, open spaces for reflection, to think about the agnosis beyond the individuals

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and well, the pandemics arrived in Tila

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with the pandemic and the lockdown. The weakness of the state become evident as a lot of countries in all around the world

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to get an era of the situation in Chile, the cumulant of 1.4 million full-time jobs jobs were lost.

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Some workers had their contract suspended for a few months. This mean that they used the money that they had safe for an employment insurance without being unemployed.

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and several Italians with you part of the pensions money to pay theirs they had acquired before the pandemic, or to improve their homes. In this context there was fear of losing jobs.

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Universities reduced the hours of lectures, and allocated them to full time. Professors.

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the pressures to the pressure to respond to the work impacted to the subjectivity of some lectures who perceive that the time to ask for improvement. They work in conditions was over.

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The urgency was to keep the job and respond to all the emergency to adopt a trauma working. This also narrowed the perceived distance between public and private life.

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higher equations, quality, assessment, and ranking system

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forces the universities to be assessed to meet their acquired stunt universities became more sophisticated in their remote work systems and studied more precise control mechanisms to achieve theirs indicators.

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for example, they ensure class time student participation and outrage activities.

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In doing so, the strengthened accountability mechanism and follow it up on Stalin's complaints by reviewing online lectures recorded on the platforms

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and lectures and professors felt they lost, some on their teacher. Freedom.

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mental health, mental health in the service of capitalist production, respond to the productive column of neoliberal neoliberal normativity.

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normality.

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feelings, and sadness are punished, and repressor of depression is parallel. Yes.

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and the installation of happiness as a permanent state is exacerbated.

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Schizophrenia be polarity and self-fashioned flagellation are heightened, and suicide exception and the motivation are punished.

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The tyranny of the positive attitude assayed Thatvara health has taken hold in the lives of psychology, professor, and lectures.

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Here we can see

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for the following quot, for example.

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we can't leave the classes unattended. We should be thankful that we have a work. She is complaining now because she started. Imagine if she had to have children!

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There are people who are having worse time than us

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in some cases, university professors without permanent contract hide their covid diagnosis for fear or loss in their jobs.

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From these experiences we can think that the logic of this educational institution was to indirectly pressure the electors and professor, and then say that the same service was provided during the lockdown under 4

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tuition and fit will be charged. The same.

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Several complaints came to the Ministry of Education in Chile, from students who wanted to all the classes they had paid for, until the public and private education is paid for.

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In this cases responsibility for an increase in infection and complaints was first attributed to individuals.

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There are consequences on profit in education.

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the pandemic and the weak capacity of the State's institution to respond to it, as Anthony Years will say.

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the anguish and anxiety is in this context of Orientity checked the subjectivity of psychologic professors and lectures.

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The contradiction and tensions experience it on the personal level became even more manifest and oriented. The teachers to follow institution with the guidelines in the

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as the only possible response

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on the conclusions. The findings reverse the process of substitutivation where seacologists brought alienating experiences and their structural causes into classroom through process of recollection and overcoming alienation.

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pandemic and social work in Chile also generated, and tension between personal desires and the capacity for action in crisis context.

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There were numerous experiences of language between that professor and lectures, lectures wanted to do and what they could do

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increased job insecurity and the arrangements of control mechanisms, together with the emotional and physical consequences of lockdown, regulated the process of suitivation that began during the social revolt

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subjectivation in the service of production took place to finish. I will say that similar situations occur in, for example, in Lebanon, Ecuador, and Colombia.

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at the arrival of the pandemic.

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The 3 countries have alert social mobilizations, so the arrival of the pandemic after the social uprising may also have slowly slowed the emancipation process in those countries.

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Thank you very much.

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Do our next speaker. We are thinking

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very good morning to all of you. so I am very thankful to the organizer

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come back to Fernandez. Yeah. So, giving me space to discuss my research here. So for today's presentation, I'm going to phrase them here, showst your elimination

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and suicide of the least students in Indian University. So this discourse will basically

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Rome around the bridges, a breathing reality of higher education in India.

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So let me begin. How

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the journey of a students called the the identity of the list which is closely associated to the marginal section

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marginal communities in India, those who are deprived. Not only now they were deprived since 1,000 years

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in education.

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So at this story I'll begin

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with some of the examples.

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But I'll come to how the journey of Italy students come into a social elimination process, and that leads to

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that suicide at the University space. How

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a student who identified.

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hired as delete became

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a

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life and death situation in higher education.

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So I'll start here

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the argument of this fund. A,

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who are reduced, the Dalitz, who are marginal in Indian society they are deprived in higher education, due to their lack of social care.

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Capital.

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like there are class not exactly a class. So there is a caste society. So India is divided on the basis of Port Bernas system.

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So the past Bernice drumming, then

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Katreya.

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then by Shia and the for 20 Shuddra.

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So there is a parametical set on the top that is Brahmin.

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The next step is Kitria below that age.

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but she and willow that that is soda, who are called also the list the delete.

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They themselves decry as a delete to

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tackle the operation, to fight against the society

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from their operation. So coming to this story. so how?

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That there is a story called

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Some book of what Italic. But he was trying to attend

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some of like godhood in the sense that the Indian society is divided with a

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parameters, and that is transmitted through the generation

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on the basis of Bath. So if you born into a cast, you cannot skip to another cast.

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So if you attend something that will not allow to go there. So you have. If you once born into a society or cache system, so you have to live with that.

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So for that, Professor Gopal, go to argues the theory of

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humiliation, the theory of lived experience where a Dali has no choice to escape, no choice to move from that the delete of race and situation to another situation.

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So some book trying to get educated, but the society so called Society, which is based on the imagination of the Brahminical Society. The this is not a real society which was earlier. It was a mythology. It has a text. It was a script which is preferred by the society called Brahmin.

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So they made a systematical hijacking of the system. They place the people in different sections

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where

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the Dalit, the lower cast. The Sudra, were not

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entitled to get education where some book tried to get education. He was killed. Then Karna was trying to get education. He was denied to

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get that education, and his brother was killed by the forecast by the Brahmins.

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like some people, put

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a pair into his mouth and

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like hot glasses into his mouth, and he killed.

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Then, in the case of E. Columbia he learned

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by his own, but the Brahmin caught his thumb. So in this story this is beginning how education is

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not given to a society not given to it a cast.

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So later on. Now, even if a present day society, how they are dealing with the crash in higher education.

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There are studies.

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If you come across the studies of times, higher education 20 and 21, where the cast discrimination and suicide to ajay

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headlined to the story. Then modern Als argued.

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the caste is a determined factor in educational inequality, then meant also arguing

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the equal university system for unequal university system.

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and Lumol's argued cast shifts. the stigma and credentializes in the United States.

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and memorials argued humiliation and exclusion, each primarily

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a marker of today's Indian University system then coming to malice.

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cover all and tell me they are also argued how cast they determined the performance of the lower section, like Dulli students for 4 months

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and laterals argued, the discrimination determined, the low academic outcomes

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of which can also argue university as A, or whether of the caste practices.

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So this is a study conducted in India, where 2 50 students are in tribute.

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out of which 10 are tested, each fiber.

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And basically it focused, how the delivery students lived in India.

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especially in higher education space, how they climb their space in higher education, and what are the process lived

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to their suicide, which is a process of elimination

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that comes at the end.

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So basically, the works, each argued through a prem theoretical framework of Go one Saduki, 2,015 and 2019, they argued. Lack of freedom and experiences when it the lead, come to the inner city. What are the problem he faced in University, starting from Entry Point, where Aj. And the suburban him argued

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the cast of merit

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where the leads were denied to entry into the education, and when they come into the education there are systematic

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expelled systematic pay hell, like the students, they were held in the education system, not because of their performance, due to their caste status, they were held where, Professor the vicar, are you? There are 1,700 students who are in a

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I teach those who are from the lower caste or the D list background.

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then parallel in social alienism. Here is a major framework here, and gurus, how the mental and psychological injury happened in university space when they lived in the university.

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So when it, Dalith, entering into the higher education space, the very past

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has the gatekeeping process. They are excluded because they are dulles when they come into the education space.

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So in the classroom itself they are not allowed to answer. They are not allowed to mingle with the other students.

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There are students who

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are you

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living in the University? They get highs only with their

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groups. They are not going beyond their the groups.

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and if they are engaging in classroom interactions internationally, they were, tell

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that though your answer is not

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up to mark. You are not coming into a primark of

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academia because you are coming through a resurrection system where perpetrators

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that they were called in the name of Schedu, like in India, the region provision for the lower caste or for the mariner sections.

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So constitutional affirmation is there through reservation system, and they came into the resistance system and getting the facility called

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some of the financial benefit from the government. They are stigmatized as they are

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categorically coming under

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category, which is constitutional term sedule cast, and a single tribe.

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but that stigma is attached to them. They are not coming to a Mediterranean process. They are a major category student, they are C do so that tag with them.

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And when

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some of the cases where their scholarship is coming from the government, and intentionally the University is holding that fellowship, not giving that fellowship to the students. So in that process there there is a student

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called

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 Rohit Beamola, so his fellowship was continuously not given to him for 5, 6 months, so he's hustle fees, and many other delay expenses was not able to maintain by him due to his financial problem, and the University was intentionally doing to this. So as a

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education, as a revolt, he committed suicide like institution, make a categorical and systematic exclusion of the Dalit communities who are in the university. So so there there was a moment

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against to it. But ultimately the Government suppressed this moment, but

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 He died in into a very pathetic death. So this journey was started past the

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stop, his fellowship. Then they boycott him from the hostel

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when he trying to take this issue to the authority. So in that moment many students also joined in that process. But ultimately that was not listened by the authority, and he committed suicide.

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So on the basis of discrimination which

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create their structural exclusion, structural alienation from the other group, from the hostel premises.

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then, financially, economically, they are also excluded from

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the getting basic minimum needs in. I know she teach.

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Then their performance was valued as

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they were non-meritorious. Systematically they were held in some of the examination by by examinations where the caste is a major marker to determine their performance

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on that basis.

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So if you come across the Raja study done by National Crime Record Bureau

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that 13,000

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death and suicide in 2,021,

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out of which 80% are from the leaf or lower cache background. So and that is all in central universities and a light institute of I it I am, and all these students. So in case of

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well, that we, many students are a victims of this process.

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So this is coming under 3 broader thing which is one is the discrimination. Directly they are discriminated in the education process.

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then, untouchabilities prevailing, they are so where

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they are touching to someone touching to food also, supposing a hostile premises, suppose the list? People are gathering in a place called Dining Hall of, or the Hostel. So where the lease are sitting. So people are

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trying to avert that dining place. So the the city and and that place.

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and because the dalits were created as untouched in Indian society, even in university space. And there are studies which I come across

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about 30% students. They they reported that their roommates in their room, due to their

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cast identity, they are admitted in the hostel. So when the no, this is from lower touched background, from the lith background, they they asked the university to change their room.

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So this was the experiences. Untouchability is prevailing and

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unsiability. There is another factor which is also working. So in a

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whole burner system where the lith plus the lower place. But there is also another division which is called unseeability. So there are students who was stigmatized on like if they sin to the others in a very morning time. So it was and declared, as

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on a species, are good at late.

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make a stigmatized situation that if you see at the list, so he will be a bad

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5 to you. You will be a negative B to you on that basis. The students reported.

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if we have your during examination So to a upper class students, they directly scold us, due to you that are examined, not going good because you are very on a specious people. So how come you are in the university space? This is a direct

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social alignation which the other students face in the university.

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So in this process, how they deal with the situation, they lose their confidence and faith.

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They develop infity complex because, due to their cast, they are victimized, they are discriminated, they are treated untouched, they treated unseeability in the initiative space.

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so they fight with their mental agony, mental conflict within themselves Their performance is also mark as low, due to their crash in their Biva examination, agile in the tournament examination, where they are expelled. But it is surprise to how come that upper car?

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Students were not getting felt, but only that the later lowered, for students are getting pelled, and that is in large number, 1,700 students are expelled at a row.

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So this is this, this is not only a data. This is a study which is done by trip.

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Professor Soviet, Cora in 20

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19. So coming to that, how that social alignation process parked very systematic manner

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that

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When, with the list, enter into the education they they were stigma typed on the basis of their cast identity letter on their for 4 months was also another process where they get alienated, and in the hostile interaction process university classroom they are discouraged

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and they felt frustrated, and they out of tone to 50 students. So

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I interviewed where I found about 80% students. They they developed this. We had a tendency, and even some of them committed trying to commit suicide. But they survived, due to some of

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situations.

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Hmm! So, coming to conclusion here, I want to conclude how the life of the the leads every day space. It's hijacked by the cast and

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the systematic exploitation process, where a Dj perpetuated

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agenda of the Ino city, which is propagated by the State. If you can see the Roy Bermuda case the Government up and did it tax first Committee, where the Tax Force Committee was not favorable to the Roy Beamola and This case was suppressed, and those who investigated that committee. So they they're traumated, due to supporting to the government in this process.

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So

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it is life-threatening which carrier, obstructing this alisoce alienation process which even kills the life of the

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it leaves

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a permanent scar in the dalit's mind.

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So Professor Goppel go are huge. It is social alienism present just not only a end of the Deli students, Jeremy, in the higher education it leaves with them for a long. So if you get some heart in physically, we may be get read of that, maybe in 2 days, 3 days per month, but once you heart by a memory lens, by a

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ecological process, by social elimination process which leave with them in generation even their next generation suffer that due to that social alignment process that is another thing called

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that self

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self alienation low, due to the long operation by the Upper Cache society. This they themselves exclude to entering into a social gathering, entering a social space, entering as class interaction process. So because they they thought that if they speaks, if they participate, they will be

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by cut they will be, and even threatened to that. So they are trying to escape that situation wherever possible.

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So like concluding in some. So I want to to conclude both of the works of Guru Sarukai's Aunt Valencia.

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that everyday social of the list is very

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pathetic, very painful. into the the social elimination process, which is not a a journey from now. So if historically, they are denied to getting education.

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and now they are struggling with the education. There are self-harm in the universities, so

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there are many delays who are victimized of this special alienation process, which is systematical, which is a pistemical, which is very nature of in, and society needs existing in the

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and then society. Even a government

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not allowing to study on, on the life.

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on the experience of the lead in the name of culture

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and and then society history. So those who want to study in this area so that is like a red zone area. So government is presently planning this, this, this topic that no one can study in this area because there is

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harm our social hensitages and harm our special dignity and national integrity. So for a timing the least students. those who want to study India or abroad in this area, so that topic is not considered by the Government of India.

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it's giving funding or something

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financial health in this process. So this is a categorical space where the live life.

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and their situation was

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be buried to study, but restricted to study in present context.

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So I submit my conclusion here that to sell alienation leads social have, and she said to tendencies in the University across, thank you very much.

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Thank you. Our next presenter

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was not able to present in person. Today, however, she has recorded a pre-recorded video of her session. So I'll start that now for you

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greetings to want to know. I would like to talk about my research paper, titled screen media Parenting practices and its impact on social interaction of preschoolers.

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So this research was carried out as part of my masters in sociology last year. and it is mainly about how screen time affects preschoolers, social development and social interaction. It will study through the

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perspective of parenting perceptions on screen time of their children. Now, understanding the relevance of screen media, we have to know that the global expansion of mass media and increased exposure to screen media among children have elevated significantly for the past few decades, and this has gained much momentum ever since COVID-19 pandemic.

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due to the only present influence of digitalization in every sphere of life. Increased spring time and early introduction has caused major concerns regarding child development

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screen. Time is basically nothing but the amount of time one spent using a digital device in this research, we are concerned about the screen time of children under the age of 5

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and similarly screen media. Parenting practices

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consists of a set of funding practices that is involved in the monitoring and intervention of screen time of children.

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Now the primary concern is

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how patents

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receive about screen time and their children's social development.

384
00:55:36.900 --> 00:55:49.990
Various global clinical case studies have found the prevalence of virtual autism, speech, delay, and cortex thinning in young children that is caused by excessive screen time

385
00:55:50.460 --> 00:56:07.320
research has also revealed that frequent exposure to certain stimuli might affect infants, verbal, cognitive, and social States. One of the world's leading brain scientists, Patricia, discovered that babies do not learn from devices.

386
00:56:07.320 --> 00:56:26.960
The conclusion was discovered after several brain scams was conducted on computer and found that children below one did not show learning in their baby brains. And this is the major reason why the World Health Organization advises no spring time to children below. One year.

387
00:56:27.730 --> 00:56:43.139
Reports also states unfavorable predominance between screen time and cognitive development and psychosocial health of children. and an alarming condition associated with screen time as virtual autism.

388
00:56:44.070 --> 00:56:58.740
Various clinical studies have found that many young children who spend too much screen time exhibit autistic life symptoms. When parents take away the screen for a few months the child is to disappear.

389
00:56:59.000 --> 00:57:12.010
The term for this phenomenon is virtual autism or autism induced by electronic screens. The term virtual autism was coined by Romanian clinical psychologist, Dr. Marius Zamphil.

390
00:57:12.460 --> 00:57:33.810
Now, why is early childhood so significant when starting screen time? It is a period that is significant in developing social skills. It is a time when children upsur, learn and experience the world around them to attribute meaning to the child's experience. Children must undergo constant interactions of give and take

391
00:57:34.100 --> 00:57:43.730
social skills are vital in transforming into a social being. Many of these skills are learned from the surroundings through socialization.

392
00:57:43.740 --> 00:57:48.559
It is essential for the successful formation of self-awareness.

393
00:57:48.900 --> 00:58:09.009
and we must understand that social skills cannot be imposed on children. It is experienced and learned in the process of growth as a child encounters various challenges and conflicts whereby child equips the self to implement appropriate strategies, to tackle conflict resolution.

394
00:58:09.500 --> 00:58:39.419
So basically screen times. The amount of time spent in front of screen media screen time in children is a much of concern, as it is a process that reduces face to face direct interactions which is capable of limiting social skills and the effects and impact of screen times different for child and and adult children, especially belonging to the age group of 0 to 5 years. Experience overall development. During this teach

395
00:58:39.930 --> 00:59:00.699
the American Academy of Pediatrics found that children are introduced to screen time as early as below 12 months, despite having global guidelines and recommendations of no screen time to children under the age of 18 months. Figurative introduction to screen time during early childhood is count.

396
00:59:01.570 --> 00:59:18.110
since every aspect of modern day is digitalized, screen time is unavoidable in the lives of people, but it is important to understand how screen time is introduced, influenced by children so as to understand the practical implications of its effect.

397
00:59:18.270 --> 00:59:35.999
Similarly, ruler fails, and parenting practices, too, are subject to the dynamics of digitalization and its impact on students like. Hence it is simply irrelevant to examine the nature and pattern of screen time and parents with practices related to screen time.

398
00:59:36.170 --> 00:59:48.770
exercise, exposure to screen time is subject to health results. But another aspect that is less probed into is the lack of declining social interaction between parent and child

399
00:59:48.810 --> 01:00:06.819
screen time. And it's a fact, being recent phenomena, multi-dimensional studies are yet to be conducted. My research is an attempt to the nature of screen time, parental practices related to screen time and how it impacts levels of social interaction.

400
01:00:07.110 --> 01:00:33.150
The major research objectives of my study was to identify the nature and usage of screen time in children under the age of trial, and to examine parental awareness and perception about screen time, exposure, affecting child social interactions and language skills to determine parental assessment about child's social interaction and language skills. Influenced by screen time.

401
01:00:33.600 --> 01:00:54.210
the foundation of this research was aimed at generating some sort of beneficial outcome through the study that concater screen-wise parenting practices and overcome the hurdles of passivity influence by screen time that can potentially curtail children's social interaction.

402
01:00:56.130 --> 01:01:08.050
The research was carried out in India in the southernmost State of Canada, and the research design was characterized by exploratory, sequential, mixed methods at which

403
01:01:08.200 --> 01:01:23.610
the base of the research was qualitative. Where this is a target population of 10 pins of preschoolers for case studies and specific themes derived from the case series was then put for quantitatively testing.

404
01:01:24.500 --> 01:01:32.490
and the quantitative test was conducted using an online survey among 50 parents in the same location.

405
01:01:34.040 --> 01:02:03.150
Both the data was then integrated and thematically integrated for the robust outcome from the themes integrated during data analysis, the findings of the study demonstrated screen time of preschoolers exceeding the advice of malady levels and prevalence of an early introduction to digital devices below the age of one. In the research it was found that more than 52 percentage of the population studied

406
01:02:03.870 --> 01:02:20.210
introduced their children to screen media before the age of one itself. Also it was found that children spent more time on passive screen time and had limited parents and interactions during screen time. There were cases

407
01:02:20.480 --> 01:02:26.970
where children spends more than 4 h a day for screen time alone.

408
01:02:27.560 --> 01:02:38.810
The major finding of this research that I would like to highlight is the disconnectedness of social interaction and alienation of children from the social world.

409
01:02:39.270 --> 01:02:50.210
The screen time introduced to children act as a form of social alienation of children, right from their early childhood, from the social world.

410
01:02:50.730 --> 01:03:01.259
The research question of the study itself was primarily to understand the implication of social interaction of children, and how patterns of screen time affected.

411
01:03:01.680 --> 01:03:22.179
as mentioned earlier, high amounts of screen time in the recent development and delayed condition in young children named Wchard artisan are all areas of research associated with screen type. Now take a closer look into all these it suggests the alienation of children from real life transactions around them.

412
01:03:22.400 --> 01:03:36.999
Now, considering a theory of Erikson's state of psychosocial development, the period from infancy, early childhood and playage consists of maximum psychosocial development that takes place during these periods.

413
01:03:37.000 --> 01:03:59.749
The conflicts mentioned by Eriksil for these status of Sally development. It included trust towards his mistrust, autonomy versus shame and initiative, or his guilt. It is important to look at the mal development of the above stages, since all the 3 mile developments have shown prevalence of at least some extent from which the research conducted

414
01:03:59.970 --> 01:04:16.940
mal developments of these stages are characterized by withdrawal compulsion and inhibition. Parents who, response to the survey question that probed child's response while refusing when limiting screen time was indicated as 41.7% days

415
01:04:17.110 --> 01:04:19.689
that recorded withdrawal

416
01:04:20.130 --> 01:04:31.170
and more than 20%, it is aggressive. Similarly the case studies observed also child's aggression and lack of obedience when screen time was

417
01:04:31.240 --> 01:04:33.140
not provided to them.

418
01:04:34.240 --> 01:04:42.439
and the prevalence of children, preferring to be totally immersed in screen time without any distractions.

419
01:04:42.510 --> 01:04:48.370
also demonstrates the risk of increasingly being inactive.

420
01:04:48.930 --> 01:05:03.510
Screen. Time cannot be considered as a hazard. It's phenomenal for children. The efforts can be detrimental when the amount of screen time is beyond prescribed limits, and when there is a lack of appropriate parental intervention. And this is where

421
01:05:03.650 --> 01:05:19.210
the need for screen media parenting practices should be incorporated. Incorporating screen media parenting practices increases interaction with the child and more social transaction with their environment.

422
01:05:20.620 --> 01:05:53.209
by which we can reduce child's passivity and inactivity and ensure interaction. Parental intervention is to be considered as a must wide understanding screen time of infant toddlers and preschoolers as inadequate parental involvement during this developmental stage of early childhood. This potential hindrance to times social interaction so as to reduce the hindrance of disconnecting children from being responsive to the social world.

423
01:05:53.210 --> 01:06:03.900
Parental involvement cannot be excluded, and parents can adopt best practices to tackle the addiction and withdrawing children associated with screen time.

424
01:06:03.900 --> 01:06:15.730
So increased fear and child interaction can foster meaningful socialization of children in the modern digital world, and it can definitely curb

425
01:06:15.880 --> 01:06:22.159
the inactivity imposed by screen time. If such an inactivate is not curved, it

426
01:06:22.240 --> 01:06:28.040
screen media is likely to socially alienate children from their environment

427
01:06:28.320 --> 01:06:48.220
and curtail their process of socialization as children belonging to the preschool category experienced major development trajectories in this period of their early childhood. Hence regulating the amount of screen times in eligible for their proper development and social meaningfulness.

428
01:06:48.400 --> 01:06:57.290
which otherwise the screen media, the digital world can definitely act as a modern world catalyst for social alienation.

429
01:06:57.940 --> 01:07:03.170
The current study is only a grassroots-level attempt to understand

430
01:07:03.270 --> 01:07:08.439
the impact of increase screen time on children and their social development.

431
01:07:08.560 --> 01:07:22.869
Since screen time and screen media. Parenting practices are all recent phenomena. There needs to be more advanced studies in the domain. Further, the given study can be further developed

432
01:07:23.000 --> 01:07:37.230
in-depth with much scientific rigor to research on the area that needs more examination, to understand the underlying mechanisms through which screen time is associated to developmental vulnerabilities.

433
01:07:37.600 --> 01:07:51.330
As I reach the conclusion part, I admit the limitations of the given study, and hopes to improve myself before the studies. Also, I hope that, considering the importance

434
01:07:51.330 --> 01:08:16.089
of the given topic of how screen time becomes an active capitalist for separating or disconnecting children from their active social world and alienating them from the process of social development will be further studied with much scientific rigor, so that more findings associated with screen time and childhood can be developed.

435
01:08:16.210 --> 01:08:29.310
This will be further useful for researchers, parents, and of course, children for their holistic development. This humble research aimed at generating beneficial outcome

436
01:08:30.060 --> 01:08:32.059
through this Chinese so that

437
01:08:32.310 --> 01:08:39.829
it can lead to screen-wise parental practices and overcome the hurdles of passivity influenced by a springtime.

438
01:08:40.140 --> 01:08:52.550
That's a conclud. I thank each one of you, Elisa, for giving me this opportunity which motivates me to further develop and improve my serious skills. Thanking you all.

439
01:08:52.630 --> 01:08:54.640
Once again, I remind

440
01:08:55.000 --> 01:09:00.749
that babies need humans for their development and not devices.

441
01:09:01.410 --> 01:09:02.650
Thank you.

442
01:09:12.150 --> 01:09:17.370
Do we have any questions for any any of our participants?

443
01:09:24.060 --> 01:09:30.419
Any questions in the room? His migration appearance, but a skate that, Oscar? Good morning.

444
01:09:32.200 --> 01:09:47.630
As it was a wonderful presentation that you spoke about your idea of research, my one concern that took attention in your presentation.

445
01:09:47.670 --> 01:10:08.030
How do you define the consumer culture for your study, because consumer culture is something that is a very new concept. And the consumers they, they, they change their behavior very rampantly, or you can say.

446
01:10:08.030 --> 01:10:25.530
they they as per what is available in the market, they suddenly take decisions. So what? What kind of aspects are you looking for? consumer culture when we are talking about in your study concerns? Yeah, thank you. Oh, thank you very much.

447
01:10:25.730 --> 01:10:29.779
Jimin Oh: your location is so inside for you, for me. So

448
01:10:30.100 --> 01:10:37.530
Jimin Oh: actually, you know, our culture in Korea has been largely stand a lot. Standardize it.

449
01:10:37.600 --> 01:10:54.819
Jimin Oh: The reason behind this is It's partly in, in, in, in you, in a practice, according to Confucius, in the Korean punishment, and be tracked back to the Asian heights, and it's so applied to what they're doing.

450
01:10:54.930 --> 01:10:56.080
Jimin Oh: So for it

451
01:10:56.090 --> 01:11:06.179
Jimin Oh: requires a significant amount of time to create new similar phones in which a level of shared understanding regarding their

452
01:11:06.450 --> 01:11:20.239
Jimin Oh: additionally changes in a space. So there are ceremonies and the similar service industry needs to all part. Modern society funerals have become a form of industry.

453
01:11:20.340 --> 01:11:35.189
Jimin Oh: Consequently it is essential for citizen that move a month to foster you. Imagination within, through the culture and for the industry to undergo transform nature and intense. So

454
01:11:35.320 --> 01:11:48.499
Jimin Oh: I suggest the concept of consumer society, consumer culture. the reason why? in the Korea the is more

455
01:11:48.950 --> 01:11:54.579
Jimin Oh: scandalize it. And the Federal industry is very big key

456
01:11:54.920 --> 01:12:03.009
Jimin Oh: key agent. So thank you for your question is that you know the my answer. Thank you.

457
01:12:03.720 --> 01:12:06.040
Thank you so much. Question.

458
01:12:09.980 --> 01:12:14.510
Thank you. I have a question for gaming, too. You

459
01:12:14.730 --> 01:12:25.340
yes, I want to know more about the experience that have the women inside their families when they

460
01:12:25.410 --> 01:12:38.330
with their so struggles, you know, because I suppose there are a lot of conflicts, for example, between siblings between the daughters and their fathers.

461
01:12:38.340 --> 01:12:45.439
So I would like to know? what more about that? And thank you very much for your presentation. What was very interesting?

462
01:12:47.010 --> 01:12:48.110
Jimin Oh: Hmm.

463
01:12:50.130 --> 01:12:52.999
Jimin Oh: oh, thank you for your question.

464
01:12:53.690 --> 01:13:15.379
Jimin Oh: actually doing the to some technicality confusion culture. It's it's it's it's the core ideal. It's your governance in 2,000, and one has a history of of approximately 500 years. The essence of confusion is to emphasize the

465
01:13:15.380 --> 01:13:29.850
Jimin Oh: proper management of the family in order to achieve social harmony. To fill this school, the family system centered around the eldest son became formally as table issue.

466
01:13:29.870 --> 01:13:45.030
Jimin Oh: The eldest son inherited all the family property, but was obligated to sincerely a phone and sister litures, and during the morning period they have to observe straight morning practices

467
01:13:45.030 --> 01:14:01.209
Jimin Oh: for approximately 3 years. This creature, centuries around. The eldest son has almost Bluetooth itself, and continues to you, could just in a a formalized manner, even to this day. So

468
01:14:01.920 --> 01:14:16.429
Jimin Oh: is Korean. So long times the creature is established in our DNA culture. DNA. So many elderly family members are. Only think that some you and the

469
01:14:16.920 --> 01:14:30.279
Jimin Oh: represent the over getting families, only male is a stereotype and just only chance one chance. So, however, today,

470
01:14:31.010 --> 01:14:55.429
Jimin Oh: many family structures changing especially it's it's not a common up for us, especially for the younger generation. We are in classed in such a transformation, for it is not not the worst at the participants in this interview range from their twenties to 40.

471
01:14:55.590 --> 01:15:23.059
Jimin Oh: Generally it is uncommon for individuals in this age group to be directly involved in funerals. However, they have experienced it, and have become aware of the gender inequality present in their practices. What else society has made saving significant progress in achieving a cultural gender equality in many aspects, however, gender inequality issues still persist in everyday life.

472
01:15:23.090 --> 01:15:41.640
Jimin Oh: In the midst of the the emergence of diverse forms of families there is a need for a social discussion on the future to see that such special are gradually taking place in Korea. So thank you for your

473
01:15:42.190 --> 01:15:44.269
any other questions for the room.

474
01:15:45.750 --> 01:15:54.199
Thank you. Chair. My next question is to the nature, basically, okay.

475
01:15:54.210 --> 01:15:55.620
okay.

476
01:15:56.500 --> 01:16:28.449
thank you. Yeah. So right? So, Nanisha, I really your study is it's really painful, I mean, because the students who want to have education it's very difficult. I know about the socioeconomic conditions of India. How? It is very challenging for people coming from that that it background. So my question to you goes that once these students, they come to the forum of higher education.

477
01:16:28.630 --> 01:16:53.780
they undergo these kind of situations. So what do you think? your study can suggest the government or the policymakers in this situation. Do you have any policy recommendation for your study? This is one of my concerns for you. Thank you. Thank you very much he's very wonderful question. So I'll come to the suggestion. But before that I want to just give a

478
01:16:53.780 --> 01:16:59.970
glimpse of how the body of the Dalit put into the social alienation process.

479
01:17:00.040 --> 01:17:06.229
where a recent study of in Sukumar, where, he argued.

480
01:17:06.290 --> 01:17:16.610
the body of the dalit, each barricaded is, is is coming a restriction of boundaries where the little are not allowed to enter

481
01:17:16.920 --> 01:17:21.150
and the works of drama, progress also says,

482
01:17:21.280 --> 01:17:21.990
sure!

483
01:17:22.690 --> 01:17:27.549
But connecting to that work, so I will say

484
01:17:27.610 --> 01:17:30.240
the imaginating society of

485
01:17:30.430 --> 01:17:41.539
practical imagination. Where, the lease, you are placed or restricted in this face to come into the process. But there was the airport by Dr. Bavas. I Amm. With Kerr.

486
01:17:41.550 --> 01:17:49.260
So many people called him Ajay, I anticipated, like he became aments better for the

487
01:17:49.400 --> 01:17:51.440
for where he

488
01:17:52.810 --> 01:18:10.050
start a work of constitutional affirmation, where they get some spaces to enter into the increases and process. But there is need to do a lot more in in this inclusive process, where

489
01:18:10.170 --> 01:18:26.720
recently. So we propose, I work to make an inclusive society inclusive education process where, parallel to now, with the school system. So we are proposing that ambassador no other higher education system where.

490
01:18:26.730 --> 01:18:36.340
that exclusion forces became slower and that is just face of equal opportunity to access.

491
01:18:36.400 --> 01:18:40.530
So this a model. So we want to OP it

492
01:18:40.740 --> 01:18:46.540
a inclusive society where cast can be like

493
01:18:46.640 --> 01:18:48.020
they can now a.

494
01:18:48.110 --> 01:19:03.060
By putting the students not only in the higher education, there should be some residential school where the cast can be delivered like detached from the society where students should not learn the cash

495
01:19:03.140 --> 01:19:04.470
from their home.

496
01:19:04.550 --> 01:19:28.599
they directly put into the education process where people don't know, so they are, from which cast, and that that if that can be modeled where cast can be detached from the society, you know, particularly from the higher education, where the reproduction of task can be stopped, and through this model education system we may be pitching to a system.

497
01:19:28.600 --> 01:19:41.159
We have the affirmative action. We have. The must be some provisions, but on to that to to make a detachment from this from the home grown caste culture.

498
01:19:41.160 --> 01:20:03.930
we see, it's not just in the society, and probably in the educational university. So if we can make a residential school, then later on, the higher education that may be, detest the caste and past little stigma, discrimination on disability in higher education. Space.

499
01:20:04.050 --> 01:20:20.069
no, that is not functional but that is the proposed flat which is discussed in the ministry. I was a part of Ministry of Consultantship board. So we propose that so that we didn't discuss in Page. Maybe that can be worked on. Thank you.

500
01:20:23.080 --> 01:20:27.990
 I'm looking at the demands

501
01:20:28.330 --> 01:20:33.629
for work and demands, you know, the overwhelming of an everyday life.

502
01:20:34.150 --> 01:20:48.229
and I'm not a way I'm not aware of how harsh the lockdown was in Chile you might be, can she? A bit of that? And then, particularly it was how it affected students, and the role that eachucrative played in that regard.

503
01:20:48.270 --> 01:20:53.049
I'll be interested in you, we sharing your experiences with regard to that.

504
01:20:54.430 --> 01:20:55.660
Okay, I

505
01:21:05.190 --> 01:21:08.359
well, the lockdown in Chile was very strict.

506
01:21:08.440 --> 01:21:17.319
very, very strict. We only could go out of our houses one time per week

507
01:21:17.530 --> 01:21:29.879
during 1 h, and you need a paper, and the military saw your paper, and if you don't have the paper you must go to the jail, you know.

508
01:21:29.940 --> 01:21:42.960
So that is that is the question that I talk about that, because before the social revolt was a moment so

509
01:21:43.770 --> 01:21:47.240
unexpected with a lot of

510
01:21:47.360 --> 01:22:01.860
strong of all the people go out to the street, they made a lot of reflections about the culturing chile and all the consequences during the dictatorship that are so

511
01:22:02.060 --> 01:22:05.150
and so alive

512
01:22:05.350 --> 01:22:07.330
this this time.

513
01:22:07.360 --> 01:22:15.310
So with the lockdown, all these demands, all these demonstrations disappear.

514
01:22:15.600 --> 01:22:18.179
you know, and the restrictions

515
01:22:18.300 --> 01:22:22.569
may that people talk about their health.

516
01:22:22.580 --> 01:22:38.489
they mental health and the preoccupations change completely, you know. So now we have a lot of other kinds of problems in the politic. Because of that, you know, we want to change the Constitution.

517
01:22:38.770 --> 01:22:43.890
But all this effort in till I think

518
01:22:43.980 --> 01:23:02.490
they are not lost. But now the far right is very strong in the Parliament, so all the demonstration in this period are conceptualizing now to change the country, but in the future, now it's very difficult to do that. So

519
01:23:11.540 --> 01:23:28.739
yeah, thank you, Karla. So I'm I spelled your name rightly, Caroline. Yes. So you have very interesting and fascinating presentation today. So I'm just curious to know how academic togetherness can be framed

520
01:23:28.870 --> 01:23:34.400
in the

521
01:23:34.670 --> 01:23:42.980
so where? That the social system in silly so, and the political

522
01:23:43.500 --> 01:23:48.549
 like far right

523
01:23:48.600 --> 01:23:57.140
getting to this academic together together. And I said to a university space. Can you just explain a little bit more?

524
01:23:57.510 --> 01:24:00.659
Yes, thank you for your question.

525
01:24:01.150 --> 01:24:10.870
Yes. Well, the lectures and the professors all time full-time professors work strongly to develop

526
01:24:11.230 --> 01:24:15.210
all the the months of the social movement.

527
01:24:16.090 --> 01:24:34.370
and they work hard inside the the classroom with the students. you know. So I that is because I told the academics and electoral professor together, because we had there in Chile, and then with the pandemic, a lot of meeting with

528
01:24:34.510 --> 01:24:43.680
students, with administrative, with parents, with other professors to talk about how we can change the the chile.

529
01:24:45.110 --> 01:24:47.290
But with the pandemic

530
01:24:48.020 --> 01:24:50.200
the situation tent

531
01:24:50.320 --> 01:24:51.270
a lot.

532
01:24:51.770 --> 01:25:03.030
because the emergency was totally different, and a lot of lecturers lost their jobs because the universities need more

533
01:25:03.680 --> 01:25:07.109
universities started to have some

534
01:25:07.210 --> 01:25:09.210
financials problem

535
01:25:09.250 --> 01:25:13.400
because they they they must to buy it.

536
01:25:13.450 --> 01:25:18.600
A lot of computers tips something like that

537
01:25:18.740 --> 01:25:21.679
by soon. Zoom is not.

538
01:25:22.200 --> 01:25:29.439
It's very expensive, you know. So there are a lot of changes in the financial thing, and

539
01:25:29.640 --> 01:25:30.740
you know

540
01:25:31.020 --> 01:25:36.679
a lot of time when you need when you need to reduce your

541
01:25:36.990 --> 01:25:44.839
I forgot the world. I only think in French it's Spanish, but when you need more money.

542
01:25:45.470 --> 01:25:59.580
the first reaction is to think about the person. So you see all the contract, and you say, Oh, well, these lectures only have one material, one signature, and then

543
01:25:59.730 --> 01:26:12.349
they don't have. So we can take the signature, the subject, and put to the other professor. Then don't have a lot of work because the work was in your home. So

544
01:26:12.530 --> 01:26:20.980
the the problem was that, and it started a very strong competition between the professors and lectures that

545
01:26:21.700 --> 01:26:28.080
after and before suppose they must to work together.

546
01:26:28.160 --> 01:26:39.330
And so the situation changed a lot. And now there are a lot of problems in the atmosphere, the climate, organizational situation.

547
01:26:39.490 --> 01:26:43.360
How about that? The consequences?

548
01:26:44.410 --> 01:26:51.850
Thank you. Just to follow up. It seems to me your description of the lockdown

549
01:26:51.920 --> 01:27:04.459
and our. It was in our case also. The case in South Africa is that there was a strong authoritarian tune it. It came that moment for a strong theatarian turn in society.

550
01:27:04.780 --> 01:27:11.720
but that had a big impact on our case on students, also in students, mental health

551
01:27:12.020 --> 01:27:28.759
and the demands on on lecturers, also for additional key beyond just teaching. And I wonder if you also experience that? I mean, since lockdown, we've we've definitely seen an increasing cases of

552
01:27:28.810 --> 01:27:41.769
 sort of depression and matters like that with students. And and you spoke about sort of bringing public and private closer together. And I just wondered if you wanted to maybe

553
01:27:41.900 --> 01:27:47.549
sort of comment a bit on the sort of merging of those those issues.

554
01:27:47.580 --> 01:27:54.379
There are a lot of problems in till 2. With the suicide of the students.

555
01:27:54.790 --> 01:27:58.939
I don't know the statistics of this there, but

556
01:27:59.210 --> 01:28:03.030
the years before 2% of the students

557
01:28:03.050 --> 01:28:04.140
suicide

558
01:28:04.220 --> 01:28:06.830
in Chile that is the

559
01:28:06.860 --> 01:28:12.010
normal thing, you know. and with the pandemic and lock down.

560
01:28:12.040 --> 01:28:17.440
there are a lot of problems in mental health, a lot, a lot of the pressure on action.

561
01:28:18.140 --> 01:28:36.700
I don't know the statistics of society, but the schools of psychology. They sure to force the center of psychological attention inside the schools in Chile they call cups

562
01:28:36.870 --> 01:28:39.919
center of psychological attention.

563
01:28:40.100 --> 01:28:46.039
and they exist a lot of the amount of students. But to families

564
01:28:46.100 --> 01:28:52.110
they meet a lot of it. And they have a lot of problem with concentration or something like that. But

565
01:28:52.630 --> 01:28:56.170
yes, we had, out of flagellation and problems.

566
01:28:56.420 --> 01:29:01.160
I think that this problem is increasing.

567
01:29:01.220 --> 01:29:07.880
but we don't have all the capacities to to work with the students, because this work is.

568
01:29:09.100 --> 01:29:21.089
it's not paid. So we we work. I say, we work. I don't work with them. But this is talent. Work, free for free is an awesome work. So

569
01:29:21.110 --> 01:29:22.459
that is not.

570
01:29:22.690 --> 01:29:24.590
I think that is.

571
01:29:24.690 --> 01:29:26.590
it's not a very good

572
01:29:27.130 --> 01:29:29.650
issue, you know, because

573
01:29:29.710 --> 01:29:36.029
you demand a lot of work to the students that are in the fourth of fifth year.

574
01:29:36.400 --> 01:29:48.870
and they they must to attend the other students in the first year, second year, and but they must to study 2. So there are a relationship. That is a

575
01:29:49.180 --> 01:29:52.410
very strange, I think.

576
01:29:52.560 --> 01:29:57.849
Yes, but there are a lot of problems in that in America, and I think all around the world

577
01:29:57.940 --> 01:30:03.419
with with the log them. any other question works for you from the room.

578
01:30:04.560 --> 01:30:05.670
No problem

579
01:30:06.420 --> 01:30:14.610
perfect. I just like to thank you all for your presentations. Absolutely. I'll just send this session.

580
01:30:14.750 --> 01:30:30.000
I just like to thank everyone for their presentations today and thank everyone online for joining us as well. So I'll we will end the session now. but if the speakers want to come up, and we can have a little bit of a photo that'd be great.