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Oh, my gosh,

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Wait! Wait.

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where is this? Okay?

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So anyway. So so you've seen all these advertisements like these are the some of the pictures that I got from message boards in order to promote

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It's if it's difficult to go through these message ports, you will see all these sexist narratives of Philippines

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submissive and part of promoting a you know by

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how to attract for the Venus and go to the islands, you know. So it's it's an interesting sort of not interesting but troubling set of narratives, but so based on conversations and

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to the counts. So I was talking about the

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but also the

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okay. Great. Yeah.

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Okay. So

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so I talked about the narratives of the massive, the Philippines, the lucky Island girl.

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So through these ma's where the Philippines properties are transacted, research businesses are built.

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and flows of tourists and foreigners who bring in much-needed laws of capital are are facilitated.

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and, like what I said from this

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conversations and narratives. What we see is this relational geography that connects the production of tourist Hub Islands, and it how it connects to the island. Home villages of Philippines.

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to the provincial and regional centers in the Philippines and other sites in various parts of the world, where the partners or spouses of Philippines are located from Europe to North America.

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So so this sort of trans-local geographies that underpin the production of the island tourists and

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 So, however, other narratives.

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Remap this diverse island urbanisms in the Philippines

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from the mass where they, or the lucky to those who are the failed ones, the

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the the saving palace, those who are not able to marry foreigners and succeed, or those who are

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far enough

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a permanent structure of the feral, or those who were left behind in the islands.

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So for, as we reflect, as I and I were reflecting on this case study, we sort of

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sort of look at the ways in which gender dynamics help us recognize the need for more equitable, inclusive, urban environments, and at the same time reflect upon the notion of sustainable development that island environments have to confront as they try to think

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about the sustainable feature that is socially just. and what we have seen is a particular kind of development that is

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ground grounded on shake that are based on the shake unshaky grounds.

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All right. So Irene's case study delves

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into the examination of childhood memories of baby boomers in the municipality of Iraq, which is the capital of Katandawanes Island.

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the Virac.

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the Verac's main point. the main port is that, or the main point of of her case. Study is that women's emotion-bound memories

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are instructive to shape subjective meanings that animate and provide counter narratives of an island beyond the idea of transitioning into an urban space. I Irene's work encouraged further reflection and alternative methods of understanding island urbanism.

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So the narratives of women and categories demonstrate

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the ways in which women play an important role in seaside markets, invoking the notion of the Oregon. Referring to the strong and confident fighters. These Oregon women are leaders in market informalities, showing intellectual prowess and business acumen and seafood retail.

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They engage in informal microcredit businesses.

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offering alternative loaning schemes with reasonable interest rates and providing financial advice and knowledge. The local community.

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These women are skilled negotiators and bargainers, trusted by fishermen in monetary dialogues, and ensuring fair pricing that benefits small-scale fishermen over larger businesses.

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such dynamics underscore the gendered nature of island urbanization and seaports and seaside markets

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they illustrate how gendered inclusions and exclusions are reflected in the memories, perceptions, and roles of individuals within these spaces

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the texts that that I, Irene sort of uncovered, revealed the resilience and power of women in the seaside market, challenging stereotypes and highlight highlighting the significance of their intellectual contribution and economic agency in shaping urbanization of Katanduanes, particularly Iraq.

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So Moreover, a gendered perspective allows us to delve into the power of Geo. Narratives and storytelling of women baby boomers in in Ireland, in in, in Ireland, communities such as in Katan, Wannabe. These memories provide insights into the construction of femininities and mass validities within islands, seascapes

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highlighting, the embodied experiences and emotional connections to urban spaces. By amplifying women's voices and experiences, we can disrupt the traditional narrative and bring attention to the hidden gendered processes, shaping island urbanism.

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So the exploration of gender dynamics within island urbanism calls for a reimagination of the urban-lural binary towards post-urban rural frontiers.

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For Us. Understanding. Island transformation is beyond a physical and economic change from the so-called rural to the so-called rube urban. Rather, it is relational with various elements at play, such as gender.

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The processes of island transformation challenge the notion of a linear urban

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urban to rural, rural, to urban fixed labels, and instead invite us to consider the fluid and hybrid nature of urban rural spaces.

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We argue further that islands possess unique spatial characteristics, cultural complexities and distinct patterns of urbanization, that offer alternative

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pathways for understanding urban political subjectivities.

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and we also forward the need to recognize, understand the persistence of rural dimensions and practices in island settings.

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To conclude our research on diverse island urbanisms in the Philippines.

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sorry. Oh.

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it sheds light on the complexity of urban interface, adapting a gendered lens in examining diverse island urbanisms in the Philippines

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challenges the prevailing urban world binary and promotes the concept of post-urban real frontiers.

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we hope that in in in our effort we uncover the power structures, exclusions, and inequalities within island urbanisms.

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This recognition page the way for

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for a more inclusive and equitable urban features of where gender plays a central role in shaping urban knowledge production.

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And lastly, before we end, we would like to mention that our theoretical effort in pushing for island urbanism is a work in progress. We frame it as a work in progress, because we see this as an open invitation to other scholars from islands in the global South in particular, to come together and generate theories from Ireland contexts.

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We also see island urbanism as an approach that disrupts traditional sub-regional groupings that can be somehow divisive and alienating to particular contexts, and that are deemed as non-urban. This is true in urban studies, where narratives of urban transformation are either absent or reduced to particular tropes.

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We hope that through island urbanisms we can create new spaces of urban theorizing across islands in various so various spaces, from the Pacific to Caribbean to and Indian Ocean, but at the same time acknowledging diverse island contexts.

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and as we try to confront various sustainability challenges

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the rising and working with island contexts, we argue, can potentially provide lessons on how to grapple with building a sustainable world that is both environmentally sustainable and socially just. And with that we thank you all for coming and for being patient with us.

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This is my collaborator, Irene. Excellent.

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So I'd like to open up for about, you know, 4 or 5 min for questions. If everybody has questions related to this favor specifically, I wanted to make sure we're going to be a little tough on time, because there's a lot of comfortable piece. But this ensures that everyone's like questions and have the next to.

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So if there are questions for the moment. We will have plenty of time for questions at the end as well, but I just wanted to open up.

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and

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there is a

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there. Then I'll introduce the next presenter

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and chicken a honor from the from the

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thank you.

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Okay.

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Hi, everyone. I want to start by saying I'm a second year. Phd. Student

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talking to the right. Yes.

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okay.

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thank you for coming to my talk. I wanted to start, as I was saying, that I'm a second-year Phd. Student, please be kind.

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So my project point my project's point of departure stems from how the city tends to be analyzed. Similarly, as they were saying, as a distinct and bounded human settlement in the field of urban sociology.

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and especially in us urban and rural sociology had developed in isolation from one another. So my work traces theoretically how, consequently, perhaps, political analysis in these fields also tends to study norms of resistance, agency, and claims making, especially as it relates to right wing authoritarianism through a disjointed lens which we produces urban and rural binaries.

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I respond to the session on political contestation along urbanization continuum by informing the utility of planetary organization to dismantle the binary between rural, urban and spiritual terms, but also highlighting how the concept of methodology, concitheism coined by Hilary Angelo allows utilizing John Burgess, heuristic of ways of seeing to underscore how scholarship studies political behavior is self-evident of this patio location or space stands in as a metaphor for analyzing political consciousness.

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Manuela vodka, in her work on Cruelizing the modem which she also presented yesterday, makes a similar argument of how scholarship studies, political behaviors based on spatial metaphors.

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that is the more urban, the more modern, and therefore the more politically progressive, and at the and at the other end the more rural, the more traditional, and therefore less likely for being politically progressive.

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Yet, while highlighting how the arrival of Ahmadni party, a political party from which rose from the urban state of Delhi to the predominantly rural state of Punjab Media, studied by revealing how common forms of State-led capitalist land dispossession instigated by the incumbent right wing, authoritarian government using the Fabrian concept such as planetary organization, are useful.

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the concept falls inadequate as a tool, for there, after analyzing the effects of socioeconomic dispossession, and perhaps generating a common sensibility of political subjectivity against state-led land dispossession.

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Thinking about political contestations beyond the urban rural binary has then required indigenous theories of Landis possession by scholars such as Stephen Kepler and Kyle Gallanders.

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In a similar way in this project aims to in this underscore. It's the key, as the tradition and how it philosophies were invoked by left organizations, such as Skm and Bk Uu, but also sick activists, such as deep Siddu and Lakhasadana, bringing in 60 s. Intersections between the religious, the social, cultural, and the political, for its conceptions against State-led capitalism may be a point of departure.

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This project aims to put forward an engaged scholarship on Sick and Punjabi Lifeford to highlight. How the tradition has worked to spread its ethos against land dispossession, corporatization of land and urbanization of life beyond urban and rural binaries, perhaps effectively.

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The project studies the success of Ahmadi party, a programmatic political party in expanding its road based from Delhi to the predominantly rural state of Punjab. I hypothesize that the recent farmers protest against the State's new-level policies of commercializing agriculture and the urban poor shift towards

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the Welfareist party has as opposed to parties that have played a role in evicting their slums for real estate and other development projects, signals. A reason for urban as well as rural support for Amari party, despite differences in their settlement technologies.

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And so a part of my project is conceptually based on questioning. If theories of nonlinear spatial expressions based on land dispossession may allow for studying the notions of related grievances and electoral demands from Welfare State together.

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building on recent political challenges faced by Bgp. In India. The paper questions of political behaviors may be built around ideas of space and because of norms of facial justice that do not entirely follow the urban rural binary, or consider the city and vacuum.

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And so, in the case of Ahmadi party. Some scholarships, some scholarship, have accounted for how the vacuum left behind by Congress, where they have a strong historical word base may have paved the way for Armadmi party, as it was in part by alleging the Congress Party's corruption.

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My project hypothetizes, if there may be other intervening causes for their right and rebellion by studying their election promises alongside the claims made by those who face slum evictions and those who face corporation of big farmland and de facto line graphs. I try to understand how the form of spatial justice among the constituents may be relevant.

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The evolutionary hierarchy with which we have studied the urban ontologizing the rural, where, in instances of progressive politics, tend to be theorized as urbanizing or cosmopolitan villages, or evidences of tradition in the city, is seen as ruralizing villages, and so on, may have hindered how we study the influence of spatial processes of urbanization and consequent Landis possession on the political imaginaries of people, especially as they relate to trains making and resistance strategy.

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sociological approaches to space.

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and political consciousness developed in the West. During the industrial revolutions, particularly Tony Zimmer Durkheim conceptualized this sharp distinction between the urban and rural which demarcated the urban as a site of modernity due to division of labor. This understanding of the urban was reproduced and reduced to the city by the Chicago school of urban sociology.

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and so the rural was largely conceptualized as the ontological other of urban pre-modern left behind from progressive society, and expected to dissolve and disappear, and so the consequently the urban political subject, therefore, tends to be studied, and liberal scholarship is in boarding a certain kind of struggle for generalized democracy. Where is the rural and non urban? Are conceptualizes limited to right waste or the active politics? They go through an evolutionary, laxalized, culturally hierarchical lens that we see the urban versus the rural political subject.

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The new geographies of exclusion at Sajata Patel terms it may require challenging d ontological othering cause. A methodological cityism, because of neoliberal policies of land grabs, real estate Mega projects, and Anglo-industrial consolidation.

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There has been circular migration and re-presentation station have increased. The relations between urban and non urban rather than generalized when confronted with signs of the non-city and the urban

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Angela Uses burgess conceptions of how particular representations of artifacts structure our interpretations of the world by imploding how we associate, not just spaces and time, but also particular materials and subjects within binaries of urban rural. His concepts could be used for questioning our categories of socio political understanding rooted in such spatial metaphors.

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Theoretically done, this project tries to explore how non-linear spatial scholarship on specialist possession land is possession and political resistance, such as indigenous scholarship in the global not developed critique to open scholarship from India and Nephabrian scholarship may be one way of thinking with the key ideas of justice, especially as both the Punjabi farming unions and Sikhi activists to evoke these

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in different ways and similar ways, to form new alliances in the urban, including in open value

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utilizing nefar's idea of multiple and contradictory processes that produce space. The implosion explosion of contradictory processes across non-urgent geographies and built environmental fiscies has been one way that we can define space neither in binaries, nor in a homogeneous key, but of It's a French one that I can't pronounce me at field millet fuel, and I'm in the fiercelying into each other is used as a conceptual starting point.

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The herb's emphasis on placing how capitalism has controlled consumption to the State, causing an urbanization of consciousness due to the homogeneizing effects of capitalism are critical, then to challenge how the terms urban and urbanism stretch beyond the immediate confined of cities under India's current challenges of circular migration and deep as integration, with also re-presentation.

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utilizing his concept of fertilization of modernity, and how the State produces space is 1 point to departure for this, according to the fact, the parents of homogeneity within the urban.

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an emphasized difference from the nominal one was one important instrument for both capital and modern state to mask and normalize transformative effects of social security relations.

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State mode of production argues for a specialization of political theory beyond such binarizing spaces, to understand political consciousness and imaginaries in new ways.

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particularly to understand everyday life. Yet, although he argued that the peasant world required an approach as an Heelian, I'm familiar because it developed in the United States and required disembedding from its American and Weberian entrenchments, because, he argued, the American countryside received its culture from cities, and thus represented a degradation of open culture. Unlike what he called historic countries, such as France, Tunisia, and India, the emphasis on how to study such inter mingling of spatial culture that embody everyday life have been under theorized, and the fans work

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rather than take the urban scale as self-evident as somehow, where in other landscapes are mutually exclusive rather than enmesh. Lefherwin theorists have been challenging the geographical assumptions of our politicized length.

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Neil Brenner and Stuart Ellen have argued to dislodge the city as the prime object of a socio-specificial analysis will understand

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when understanding the effects of spatial strategies, such as land is possession by the safe. More recently, Kip, friend Gallon, that I talked about have extended and improved such theories by incorporating them with indigenous concepts of dispossession and affective meanings of imagining a just spatial life.

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Okay?

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So studying the political presence during slum evictions from 1997 onwards has been one part of my project. And I'm utilizing computational discourse, analysis with topic, modeling and social network analysis. To do this project tracing who was present.

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tracing, who was present during and after demolition and analyzing. If such political presence, during some evictions, translates to working behavior in assembly, gender and M. 3 elections, I ask if some elections in Delhi became a political opportunity for Ahmadine partner to showcase its programmatic policies on water electricity, but also cement its narrative about slum and spatial justice for the urban poor.

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A second part of my research which I haven't started yet, would be to look at how the language of land dispossession and Swedish economic justice has been historically and contemporarily been evoked in kicky culture in Punjab, in conversation with Punjabi leaders from Scm I've been intrigued how the conception of Karla per noon and Roti has meant particularly particular socio-economic meanings for the community, and how they were evoked during conversations with other groups when they met in dungeons

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in places that they were stationed on the borders of then the tensions between the more left oriented farm unions and the sticky activists have also been another starting point for studying. If and how the key has transferred in front Punjabi culture and encounter the left, you and Job during different agriculture, protests, and movement around that discussion

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all right, and to make up for time, we'll just go straight to the next presentation. And

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okay.

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But yes, our next presentation is Shannon's.

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still awesome.

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excellent identification and the secrets of the Iranian secret of Iranian resilience against inflation and COVID-19 pandemic.

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Listen.

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thank you.

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Can I change the page?

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It's not just

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okay.

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Hello, everybody! And with

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warm tanks of all executives and coordinators of this

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really prestigious and worldwide conference.

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But

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the topic of my

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my presentation with gentrification and the secret of Iranian resilience

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against inflation. And COVID-19. Pandemic.

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Yeah.

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No. There. Yeah, yes, yes, yes, of course.

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The third point of my study was

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work of an England anthropologist that studied in Iran, and several years an urban area, and of course, especially the rural area. And finally, in that Iranian people are not very cooperative.

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and the cooperation and participation in Iran. In an ad list

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in front of

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the England anthropologists, several Iranian anthropologists.

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 studied several numeral numeral.

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numerous numerous participation in Iranian, and make a really huge list of participation, not only in Iran area, but also in

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airbus.

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This study is in follow of the this list and try to add another

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example.

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During the last 5 years the word went through many challenges, inflation and

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COVID-19, he said, the same as era

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 in many countries have suffered from COVID-19.

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In Iran the Government tried to make a plan to help put people resilient

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and Media try to help to this plan.

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and and

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invited rich people to invade 2 supermarkets and pay off the depth of poor people. This invitation revealed a

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a phenomena that never, never, never had been.

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 studied notebook, account notebook account means purchase some goods from a supermarket and pay off later

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A.

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A.

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This happened in supermarket and gentrification, as all of us know, means

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replace small and bold buildings. Why

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new and great? Big? Constructions here small, and all means supermarkets, and huge and new construction means hyper markets.

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That these are compet competition of each other.

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competitor against each other.

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There were no any studies about notebook. accounts! According to illustrator or review, but there are many. theory that try to interpret gentrification and its outcomes.

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Most of the urban sociologists

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conclude that gentrification reduced the chance of lower class chances of lower class, and is in benefit of middle class and higher grass.

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According to this background.

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Yeah.

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I the research ask some question.

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When COVID-19 outbreak, the media reported that the number of notebooks, account notebook accounts in supermarkets had increased. Was it true?

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Number 2. 2 hypermarkets, as an example of gentrification, decreased profit of supermarket, therefore force them to reduce not bug accounts.

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Number 3, which items in supermarkets are available for notebook accounts to select from. and the last, why do the store managers continue? Not cook accounts even during the inflation.

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There is a research research method. This qualitative method and the way of gathering data is in interview.

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The total number of intermediary were 200. It's not usual for a qualitative method.

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but I started from Tehran, and I cannot control my curious, and I continue interview to a different part of Iran's area.

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This is the map of era.

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as we say, I'd start from And then north.

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This. miss.

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there are 32 properly sensed in Iran. I select the interior from 8 from out of 3 to provinces.

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It means I try to select interview from all heart of here.

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Silverman led us to show results if it's possible, even in qualitative research. And in this study it's possible to present findings. quantitative quantitatively, I mean by tables

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number one question. When COVID-19 outbreak, Media reported the number of notebook accounts

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in supermarkets had increased auditory. There's no in the table.

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It was not to

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100% so interesting. 100% of shopkeepers said no

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before and after  COVID-19 outbreak

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the number total number of notes with the cards was very equal. No different

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number 2. Question, does gentrification in form of hyper market decrease, profit of supermarkets?

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The answer of interviewing

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interviews were so so so so valuable.

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Some some of them said, yes, some of them said no.

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It shows that

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it is not true to generalize the theory of gentrification everywhere. Every local needs a special and independent research to judge about the bad side. But effects of gender gentrification

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and number 3, which items in supermarkets are accessible for notably accounts to select a part of resilience, help to resilience of the poor people.

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Hundreds of interviews.

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I said. Everything in the supermarket are in access of notebook accounts to select, and another 100 said, said, everything beside that point out to some, to some special goods, the same as rice, oil tomato

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so much. This was hygiene. And look at the last like this.

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snacks, smacks.

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and cigarettes and leverage that in Iran is

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entertain our entertainment goods, not

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vital, not very necessary.

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It seems. Not only some necessary, but goods, but some some goods for entertainment are in access of where people to select by network accounts

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the other part of question 4. Why do the store managers continue to not work accounts even during the inflation?

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I ask

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the shopkeepers.

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Do you know about the number of network accounts of other? Your colleagues?

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Approximately, all of them

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said No, or said with suspect, not. Certainly it shows the number of notebook accounts for every supermarket is a secret secret.

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Of their business.

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Another part of question. 4.

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Sir manager payment given cash to the customers

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in the middle of gathering data. I

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rich to and you think. same as a certain deputy.

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Shopkeepers in some cases even pay cash to the customers to solve their

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problems.

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I asked this question from 30 30

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 and it shock you first.

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approximately 50% said, yes, we I do. If it. Another person said, No, I do not. Do

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you know the real attracts? Customers

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exchange good by good. Sometimes customers.

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I have some goods that they do not need to read to them. Give the goods to the shopkeepers and take some another good that necessary for a daily needs.

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It's another transaction between

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shopkeepers and

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customers. Very low income customers

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and another. Poor customers of supermarkets are people who take some goods. We don't pay any money.

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This group Includes all people, children, single mounts.

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and maybe immigrants. Afghanistan people.

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patients, street vendors unemployed.

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In some cases lifting goods. some such up to first, said. I find

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I understand some customers lift some goods.

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Henceley. but I I neglect it.

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Why? Because I can't feel

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poor situation. I can't feel But many times in my life I experienced

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Where

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deeply

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I can't understand their life.

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I can understand the the problem.

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Conclusion.

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It needs to be more cautious about the confirm of side effects of hypermarkets from gentrification, hypermarkets. As as an example of gentrification on local supporting and network. As I said, it needs independent research in every local to judge

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and low-income people usually live in the similar COVID-19 condition and

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need to support.

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to resilient poor people

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always live in a situation of COVID-19.

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And it's problems.

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it seems.

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These reports and use are only concern of middle class and upper class instead of per class

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supermarkets make make an efficient supporting

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local network for needy people everywhere. everything

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a time

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just support this. This support is totally completely adapt with the need, with the

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vital need of the poor people. So interesting. Billionaire beggars, Iranian people are so

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effective

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a mercy

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they really like to help to. And other people. But billionaire beggars is really a problem, and it already uses the amount. The number of help to pair people, a supermarket make a really a really careful list.

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An open menu to select

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according to intent. For example, for your late parents, your intent is held to or support some Other family

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for some children because of another intent

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this local network will continue, although inflation cached a bit was wholesaler, wholesaler because of inflation, preferred to do a transaction with supermarkets by cash.

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What supermarkets

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the information shows do not stop

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notebook account transaction, and it will continue in future. The prediction of this study is, it will continue

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in in future. Why? Because of very strong motivation of shopkeepers to do notebook account.

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first, for humanitarian motivation, and secondly, it is a secret to progress their business and compete

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on a

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customers

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in front of hyper markets. And beside that other supermarkets. Thank you.

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Thank you, Shannon. all right. So the final presentation. I got it.

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I can. I just

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should the speakers? Oh, yeah, yeah.

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excellent. And our final presentation. And yet they persisted. And our presenter is going to be Delaria Lindsay. Oh, not just the fact that you were standing there. He's just taking my picture so that our Dean know that we actually wasn't Chester. It wasn't just a trip to a story.

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Please forgive me while I

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make these weird adjustments. All right. So we're going to do a tandem thing

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all right. It's never been done before.

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Take take a picture, take a picture of that.

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 Actually, we have the not to

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all right, all right. So our presentation. And yet they persisted. Urban inequalities, community change, and the resilience of historically black neighborhoods in the Us. Capital region.

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 a table of contents. Here, we're going to talk about a problem, problem, statement or statement of the problem.

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We're going to paint for you a scene, a setting of community life. And in this place, called Green Valley, which is in Arlington, and we'll we'll situate that. Give you context for that in a bit.

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I'm going to give you some considerations of theory.

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There are a lot of them. All right. I'm going to give you our methodology. There is a segment where we describe. the history of this community. And again, that provides further contextualization for some of the things that we want to say about its resistance and resilience.

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We want to talk about the various elements of community fabric. Community fabric for us is the concept that we are trying to explore. Demonstrate here we're going to give you some of our preliminary findings and some insights about what we would consider to be possibilities for the future of black spaces.

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In in the us, but we we would also connect that to a broader discussion about outcast districts, no matter where you are in in the world, you know. And I want to say this. I I feel this. Am I too loud? You don't have to worry about Americans being too soft. But

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I have a profound appreciation for the local as has been presented in these are our 20 R. C. 21 papers. I think a lot of sociology likes to dream and think big, and I feel that there is a profound power in the everyday practices of everyday lives, of people living in everyday spaces. So I I I thank you

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for for that.

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All right. Our research problem Green Valley is a neighborhood in Arlington is one of a few predominantly black African Americans. As I say, we're we're referring to black in the African in the American context. And we're talking about African Americans.

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African-american neighborhoods in the suburbs of Washington, DC. That date back to the nineteenth century.

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much like similar neighborhoods in DC. Proper. it is near! In it's near, in suburbs, following decades of marginalization and neglect. Residents of Glening Valley have faced tremendous displacement pressures.

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In recent years, as a DC. Metro area developed into one of the most diverse world city regions in North America.

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And yet in many ways the community of Green Valley has persisted.

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As part of a process, as part of it process, seeking to understand and explain the persistence. This, this particular persistence our research aims to contribute to broader conversations

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about the dynamics of community change in historically black neighborhoods and focuses. I'm sorry, and the forces of resistance and resilience that help account for that which remains. And it it's in quotes, because I constantly say that it's like an inside joke between this this guy myself, I constantly say that when we're talking about these issues, that which remains vital about a community despite social, political, economic forces set up against it.

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That is me. Yeah. no, no, no.

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You want to continue this. No, I got this

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So here I'm gonna try and paint a scene for us about what? Exactly we're doing in the the community of Green Valley. what I want to talk about is a a community conversation that we witnessed several months ago in the newly inaugurated John Robinson Town Square

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in the middle of this neighborhood. John Robinson is a a venerated community activist, deceased, but that the the members of the community fondly remember as someone who volunteered his time for decades

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with no pay in a community center that provided services to community members at times turn people into the police for their drug use.

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also went and accompanied them to court to try and make sure that there was someone there that was you know, ensuring that community members had had support.

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so this meeting, this community conversation is being held at this newly inaugurated Town Square Community Park. by the Green Valley Civic Association political organization that represents the interests of the neighborhood in larger city or county politics.

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And yet. you know, given some of the demographic transformations that has happened in in recent years, there's some

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you know, questions of representativeness in terms of the the leadership of the Community Association. So the the Civic Association decides to hold this community conversation in the town square

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to meet people where they're at.

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There are people hanging out in this community park in this town square. And The leadership believes that we need to hear these people's voices, even though they don't come to our meetings, even though they're not present in our conversations. So let's have our meeting there in hopes that maybe they'll

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participate in our conversation.

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They begin the the meeting with the formal and informal community historian, Dr. Alfred Taylor, who talks to us about the origins of the community and the the the many important figures that populate that history and that have kept this place alive.

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for for decades. Really, I want to just highlight that this as part of this inauguration of the the town square the the county of Arlington actually commissioned this statue. I'm not sure that you can actually tell what this says, but it reads freed

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right? The origins of of Green Valley, as we'll learn a little bit later. can be traced to The the demise of a freedman's village in in the area. And so it's really marking freedom

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for formerly enslaved African Americans in the Washington D. C. Area. This statue was was commissioned from a well-renowned African-american landscape architect by the name of Walter Hood, and again, just this year inaugurated

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what we saw during this meeting, though that was was quite interesting. Were these conversations amongst members of the of the Civic Association about The the way in which this particular town square actually illustrates many of the injustices and indignities that this African-american community has experienced over decades.

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As we're sitting here in this space, and we know there is not a bathroom facility available to people that use this space right here. This county created this space for us and yet didn't provide the the types of public facilities that would be necessary for us to actually hold events here.

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But then this further elicits some fascinating conversation amongst people who then say, but you know what if they did have public facilities, bathroom facilities out here. We know what would happen. People would be in there using drugs, dealing drugs.

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This is the moment that the people hanging out, then become part of the conversation.

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begin to say.

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 this is the thing we've been doing in this space for decades for generations.

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In fact, dear President, you know your dad and your brother were down here doing this with us decades ago.

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And a fascinating pushback and conversation back and forth between newly arrived residents in the community

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that are part of the leadership of this civic association, who, themselves have some real respect for and concern for the community's history as a black space.

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and yet also real concerns about public safety and the ability to use public spaces when those places are also places where people are hanging out, as they said, drinking and drugging

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right

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And and then, when the the this group of people that hang out in this space that we chose to call that we choose to to think of as anti-institutionalists, right people that aren't part of the Civic Association.

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but believe they have a place in this community that needs to be defended and respected

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when they start hearing these complaints about drinking and drug, and about hanging out about being a nuisance in public space.

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They fought back, they contested, they engage in this conversation right? And we see these folks say, you know, the problem here

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actually is that you all moved into a community without first doing your research.

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This is what we do in this space. This is what we have done in this space, and what we'll continue to do in this space, and one then moved on across the street and hollers out. We ain't going nowhere right

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I see that time has alluded me. I I will just move on to talk really, briefly about our approach to to theory. In this case we really are trying to. look at this through a lens of boa Ventura. So Santos is epistemologies of the South. and see this as a way of engaging in a kind of sociology, of absences and a sociology of emergencies.

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that this is our way of Of making visible and valorizing decades, long community development work undertaken by a community that has been subjected to various forms of social, political, racial, and economic exclusions. you know we're trying to. to take some inspiration from sociological work about the slum.

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about the the Ghetto. That. really. Look at these these outcast spaces as as my colleague referred to them. with a analytic and sociological rigor. to to clearly define what these spaces are. and and we're trying to do the same. use that type of inspiration to

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to develop an analytically rigorous account of the community fabric that can explain this community's resilience and resistance over decades.

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It is interesting, right? And that we're facing a a, a community that is experiencing quite significant demographic transformation. And so there are these questions about, what is a black space? Can a space still be a historically black community when it has experienced significant demographic transition. we we do draw upon the the sociological work of of Andrew Denier.

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who has explored some some questions like this, and what he calls the black section of Venice in Los Angeles, to explore the ways in which, practices of visibility and invisibility can can really help us to understand. the meeting of the the historically black community. And then I'll finally just say, one of the dimensions of community fabric that we

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we're exploring here is what we we consider trans local citizenship. And so we're drawing upon. some literature and transnational migration studies. looking at the ways in which community membership and participation are not necessarily tied to bounded residents in bounded communities. but that even those people that have left

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and that are residing elsewhere are engaged in conversations and in practices about the maintenance of this historically black community.

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just in terms of method, really quickly. This is a multi method. approach, we're really drawing upon a a wealth of oral histories that were generated in decades past by some other research projects that we're trying to capture the community's history before it was lost.

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and so we. We have an archive of like 37 oral histories that were conducted between 2,006 and 2,007 that we're mining as well as a number of other Archives in the local center for

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for local history, as well as conducting some in-depth interviews with current community residents and leaders as well as field observations.

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She's already told me we only had 5 min. So you're probably down to about 2. Yeah. I can do it

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all right. So elements really quickly elements that community fabric and should be off here. So we think about community fabric

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as a set of collective processes that help and that help produce and promote resilience. Right? So the community fabric, as we construct it or constitute the idea, has 4 key elements to it. Mutual aid

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mutual able to be thought of as the formation of a culture of cooperation to address community needs. Now you could think of it in terms of the broader sort of discussions around parallel institutions. that, you could see. You know, some some other scholars would would frame it that way. And we're not saying that it's, you know, you know, new or unique. But there is a particular type of local, I would say, manifestation of of the

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this particular idea of mutual aid that is resonant in this instance. We also talk about the idea of collective memory and trauma. We are talking about a community that was born

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in and through segregation. And we're talking about the jury segregation and the American South Virginia is.

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you know, you know, acts like it's not, but it is the South and the memory and trauma of racial separation. Racial exclusion is prominent is a prominent future.

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and and actually my colleague mentioned the the the town historian or the community historian, Dr. Alfred Taylor, and I I

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register his presence at these meetings and his his desire and his need to reiterate the history of the community as an expression of that trauma. It's not just, you know, a sharing of the collective memory, but it is itself. It's like, remember where you came from. Remember how we got here.

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right We also have this idea of trans local citizenship, right? The the practices particularly associated with community members that have left but are still involved in the everyday we would say, political organizations, social construction of the community and caring for the community. Right? These are folks that have moved to in some of their instances, far from suburbs. Some have been to displaced by justification, others have taken advantage of other housing opportunities or jobs, or whatever the case may be.

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but they still participate in the everyday life of the community. in this instance we frame that as trans local citizenship, and we talk about the maintenance of community institutions and spaces. That park and that freed statute would be an indicator of that. We also have 4 very prominent active, less so now than years past churches or religious organizations in this community. as well.

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Sega, shall I just do that conclusion?

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I'm sorry, man.

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wow! Alright. So we we we'll do this really quickly. I wanted to provide some context for for for the community. I don't know how well you could see that. But Green Valley is down here in the corner here, and it. This gives you some understanding of what we mean by it being a suburb right when Green Valley was structured, and you know dates vary. But we can go back to 1,844. None of that stuff was there

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right? So the city of the the Metro, DC. This is Arlington grew up around Green Valley. Green Valley is a bona fide suburb. In in the middle of this, you know. Sort of a metropolis, that is metro Metro, DC, right? This gives you some understanding of some of the more prominent landmarks screen. Rally over there and the lower right. This is all international cemetery, and that up there is the Pentagon. Nobody mentioned anything bad right now, because that's the

347
00:57:20.310 --> 00:57:30.719
right. So so it it gives you an understanding of of what's around, what? What Green Valley has contended with in terms of in terms of its spatial orientation as a suburban community.

348
00:57:30.790 --> 00:57:58.500
Right? Right? So we'll let Matt. I mentioned significant demographic transition you know, up through the the 19 eighties. This was a place that was still 90% black, right? And that has absolutely changed over recent decades. We're not going to be able to walk through the rest of the the actual empirical details here.

349
00:58:00.760 --> 00:58:24.909
this is a a a plaque that was a victory of the community. When a very important community institution, a cooperative housing development that had been created by 86 families in the 1,900 fiftys was redeveloped into luxury town homes.

350
00:58:24.910 --> 00:58:39.179
and the developer agreed to provide a a plaque, a memorial to the the development and the community leadership was like.

351
00:58:39.340 --> 00:58:54.709
you know what we actually want to be, the ones to identify the the story and the voice. of of what we're going to memorialize here, right?

352
00:58:57.340 --> 00:59:01.960
I just want to kind of mention the the kind of

353
00:59:02.430 --> 00:59:16.279
concluding points here of what we're trying to do. We're trying to consider the futures of black spaces in in our question of what is the historically black neighborhood

354
00:59:16.330 --> 00:59:32.820
and we really see in the face of the significant demographic transformations, a number of possibilities about the future trajectory of the historically black space right on the one hand, the possibility that we're just going to see

355
00:59:33.650 --> 00:59:43.989
neoliberal diversity land right? More and more of these types of memorials and plaques that celebrate that which once was here

356
00:59:44.810 --> 01:00:02.889
as something to purchase in the marketplace, to feel good about living in a historically black neighborhood, despite the fact that it is no longer a place that is attached to the black community and its its history and its institutions.

357
01:00:03.090 --> 01:00:13.210
 On the other hand, drawing from Disos Santos, we think that there's a possibility that this might be seen as a ruined seed.

358
01:00:13.500 --> 01:00:21.090
something from which they excluded and ignored and heretofore erased

359
01:00:21.470 --> 01:00:22.970
practices

360
01:00:23.300 --> 01:00:43.730
of the black community might actually develop into might be the inspiration for some counter hegemonic possibilities in the future right? That Future generations may actually draw inspiration from that. you know, non-capitalist.

361
01:00:43.870 --> 01:00:51.700
decommodified cooperative housing that past generations

362
01:00:51.740 --> 01:01:13.060
built and lived in right the types of community institutions and mutual aid practices that sustain to this community. to to become again. Inspiration for counter hegemonic practices in the future. and then, perhaps what's most likely is something in between those 2 things. in?

363
01:01:13.060 --> 01:01:37.849
Well, perhaps neoliberal diversity land is most likely but one possibility. in between these 2 things is more of a Janice face. where we do see black residents long standing. Black residents continue to play some fundamental role in the the leadership and in the community, but are accompanied by newcomers

364
01:01:37.850 --> 01:02:04.940
that do maintain at least some respect for and care for the community's past, and together are able to to to manage type of respectful diversity. moving forward. so those are the possibilities we're imagining. and and like others. This is very much a work in progress.

365
01:02:04.990 --> 01:02:05.860
Excellent.

366
01:02:08.930 --> 01:02:12.019
So I'm going to invite everybody up.

367
01:02:12.060 --> 01:02:21.039
and we'll take some questions, and then we'll give all presenters a chance to respond. So why don't you have a seat?

368
01:02:21.250 --> 01:02:28.559
And Shanaz and Irene and Andre and Chetna.

369
01:02:29.450 --> 01:02:44.610
okay, I don't want the notes work. Yeah, yeah, yeah, no, that's great. I got exactly okay. Thanks. Just up, see? And all right. So I'm going to ask

370
01:02:44.760 --> 01:02:58.199
people asking questions to come up to the mic. so feel free to just jump up, and we could make a queue at the mic or or raise your hand, and I'll invite you to the mic.

371
01:03:03.180 --> 01:03:06.810
And if you'll introduce yourself and

372
01:03:07.760 --> 01:03:08.490
thank you.

373
01:03:10.500 --> 01:03:32.689
I'm from University of Kitakushu, Japan, and I have a question to Andre and Eileen. Thank you very much for your presentation, and I have 2 questions, and you mentioned about you show us the image of Litur event, visa, that the guy was lying down and the guards are at the backside.

374
01:03:32.690 --> 01:03:50.430
I wonder if the target of a retirement promotion for Ireland is for Western Western Guy, or is there any Asian, like Japanese or Korean, is also included. For as a target, and my second question is 250,

375
01:03:50.440 --> 01:03:57.709
the perspective which you mentioned about the Maaser tigers becomes the tourist hub, or the

376
01:03:57.860 --> 01:04:05.989
that contribute they contributed to the development of Ireland was really interested. And then, speaking of gender

377
01:04:06.030 --> 01:04:24.180
gender lens, how the other distance. See about the situation, including not only the interrelationship of an international relationship, but also the the transformation of island, their island, especially for the flipping of guys, Filipino men and

378
01:04:24.350 --> 01:04:31.970
clipping the local men and Filipina, who are not, must. Yeah, that's so. That's my question.

379
01:04:32.550 --> 01:04:40.060
Excellent, thank you. And I saw another hand a moment ago, or if folks want to just come up.

380
01:04:43.590 --> 01:05:13.110
thanks to all of you for these excellent papers. I have questions for a few of the presenters. I saw some synergies between the first or 100'clock. This presentation on Iran and the presentation in the Us. and so first, for Shannon is, I was in terms of the rise of capitalism, and the way that that has been moderated. And I'm Dana Cord very down from the University of California. Santa Barbara, I never remember to introduce myself

381
01:05:13.110 --> 01:05:32.650
always fails so for Shannon Shenaz. I wanted to ask whether it was really interesting to think about what was motivating the shopkeepers, and I was thinking about how they seemed to play this very key social role in the midst of the ravages of COVID-19 and capitalism.

382
01:05:32.650 --> 01:05:53.410
And I was wanting to hear a little bit more about whether they were doing this. intentionally. You mentioned the government calling for people to pay those bills pay the bills back. But basically, where their social service organizations stepping in? Or is it really just the shopkeepers? doing it? And what was motivating them

383
01:05:53.640 --> 01:06:20.470
for T. And I was wondering if you might be able to speak more to the tech types of challenges that are face when moving between Delhi and we didn't get a chance to really hear about the case itself. And so it's interested to hear about how they're navigating those rural and urban divides. And then for the 2 presenters that spoke on Arlington, I was curious in and Green Valley in particular. I was wondering what your thoughts were in terms of situating it within the broader metropolis.

384
01:06:20.470 --> 01:06:26.599
I don't know much about that region. But I wonder whether it would be characterized as kind of an I'm an older.

385
01:06:26.600 --> 01:06:46.839
a black working class suburb. and if so, if that's right, based on what the map showed. what kind of particular histories we might tell about those spaces more generally in the United States? and if not maybe, how you would situate it. And, for example, what would maybe distinguish this neighborhood from a neighborhood in DC proper.

386
01:06:50.820 --> 01:06:51.730
Awesome.

387
01:06:51.850 --> 01:06:53.209
But yes, Sonya.

388
01:06:54.100 --> 01:07:02.480
Thank you very much. I will enjoy the presentations. I have 2 questions for the Filipino conversation.

389
01:07:02.670 --> 01:07:25.159
I wonder whether you could expand more because I was really interested in your concept of island Aaronism. So whether you want to expand, and what do you think would be? the principles of that, and to what extent that is different from I don't know. Lower South urbanism glow and North urbanism, or what is it behind that? And for the Iranian case?

390
01:07:25.620 --> 01:07:33.300
I think it's similar to that question, but I was interested in hearing a bit more about what's behind those

391
01:07:33.390 --> 01:07:50.089
solidarity practices like who was driving them. And if it was kind of individual striving that or associations, and if there were any other practices in addition to the notebook practice that you mentioned, thank you

392
01:07:51.260 --> 01:07:52.430
to come forward.

393
01:07:56.610 --> 01:08:01.070
Hello! Thank you for the presentation. It is really wonderful to hear you all.

394
01:08:01.100 --> 01:08:22.740
So I have questions for Andre Irene and Chetna. So so I wanted to. I wanted to, and and and to little I know, expand on the like the business, the gendered nature of businesses and for the kind of networks and etc., little more on that I wanted to, but interested

395
01:08:22.740 --> 01:08:32.280
and to jetna about the can a little, you know, expand on the city. And what you? mean by that.

396
01:08:32.290 --> 01:08:33.040
thank you.

397
01:08:34.040 --> 01:08:51.999
 i'm going to ask your question to you, I have to i'm, I'm I'm from the University of Melbourne, and really interesting papers everyone. My question is to Andre, I kind of miss your presentation, but I saw your presentation yesterday. So

398
01:08:52.460 --> 01:08:54.610
Are you also looking at like

399
01:08:54.620 --> 01:09:15.460
workers? who are working from like a staying in the islands called Distan Nomad. So I'm just curious. So there you are also looking at those groups in your it's called people who are like from the government. But they're not. They're making kind of holidays in global software working.

400
01:09:15.710 --> 01:09:28.000
Thank you, Lifton. all right. So why don't we go in the order of the presenters and give everyone a chance, you know.

401
01:09:28.090 --> 01:09:30.519
to 3 min to respond.

402
01:09:32.850 --> 01:09:36.589
All right. thanks. I'll take a stab on

403
01:09:36.620 --> 01:09:38.990
first mice question

404
01:09:39.200 --> 01:09:52.040
about the special retirement visa. So the special retirement would be size for everyone, for all foreigners, including Asian Asians.

405
01:09:52.310 --> 01:09:55.679
It's just that the dominant narrative

406
01:09:55.750 --> 01:09:59.869
persists surrounding like Caucasian on them.

407
01:10:00.290 --> 01:10:04.499
And and if you look at even the patterns of

408
01:10:05.080 --> 01:10:11.709
marriages between Filipinos and foreign national, it's the. It's like overwhelmingly

409
01:10:11.800 --> 01:10:21.670
female Filipinos and male foreign partners. But but the image still persists that you know this is whiteness of

410
01:10:21.990 --> 01:10:23.819
of this partnerships.

411
01:10:24.030 --> 01:10:27.300
but in reality there are. There are

412
01:10:27.590 --> 01:10:32.710
significant number of Japanese, Chinese flows in the encounters.

413
01:10:35.550 --> 01:10:38.249
What's this? The other question is

414
01:10:38.260 --> 01:10:52.390
about island Urbanism Island urbanism in relation to thinking from the South, from other geographies. Okay, we're, I guess, for for us. We're thinking of it as a

415
01:10:53.510 --> 01:10:55.580
not as a distinction

416
01:10:55.680 --> 01:10:56.999
from the South.

417
01:10:57.330 --> 01:10:59.530
and he was talking about the yesterday

418
01:10:59.560 --> 01:11:01.930
of how Island Urban is in

419
01:11:02.020 --> 01:11:05.000
is a lens that brings about

420
01:11:05.470 --> 01:11:14.440
how you know certain contexts and islands are also sites of urbanization. But at the same time the islandness. It's constitutive of

421
01:11:14.550 --> 01:11:18.389
the for for the urban process to happen.

422
01:11:18.890 --> 01:11:21.900
the presence of the sea, the ocean's g

423
01:11:22.020 --> 01:11:27.300
are integral to, let's say, the great transformation environment

424
01:11:27.440 --> 01:11:50.340
also, like we had a vibrant conversation about this yesterday, and we were actually presented to. So on this question, we were actually asked of what is the significance of Ireland by not just boostal communities or coastal cities in general for Blue or Venice, and something like that. And then again, we are trying to impact more in terms of

425
01:11:50.340 --> 01:12:15.959
the concept of Ireland. Like, for example, island identity, like, for example, in in my case, study the women. There are very adamant in their like island that they are coming from an island. And we also talked about like the temporalities of islands, and also the concept of like, for example, movements in Ireland, and the concept of remoteness, and how it is related to the concept of development.

426
01:12:15.960 --> 01:12:25.150
and we also I just have an anecdot of this. I myself was steer Hyperson.

427
01:12:25.150 --> 01:12:49.330
I land here because I lived in Russia, and then one of my roommates from Bulgaria. told me you cannot be stressed because you're from an Ireland. And so there just won't imagine of an island identity from from other perspectives. And then we also have our own definition of of an island identity. And perhaps and what we can say is this up process, and it is a working frogs, and how we can.

428
01:12:49.330 --> 01:13:00.540
we can have a multiple and plural definition and a continuing conversation of what violin this is, and how it constitutes for better.

429
01:13:01.220 --> 01:13:02.010
Excellent.

430
01:13:02.310 --> 01:13:06.389
Can you pass some mic down to Chitna? Thank you.

431
01:13:07.340 --> 01:13:12.430
I'm sort of going to combine with the questions, because

432
01:13:12.670 --> 01:13:41.670
first with Donna's question. I'd say I haven't been to the field yet. I haven't entered the field yet, so I can just talk about why, I've picked up on sicky And I think one of the foremost things for me was on 26 January, when the protests were happening. They were sort of an excess of sticky on the televisions, because the flag was put up on red for, and then it was like, Oh, this is too much sicky! And there were tensions and schisms happening between the more left unions, the farming unions

433
01:13:41.670 --> 01:13:50.750
who were invoking Ziki. But in a quote unquote, milder way for cross solidarity versus the Nhs who were quoting Sikhina more

434
01:13:51.130 --> 01:14:14.629
self-deterministic way. And so they connected the movement with the larger problems of seek culture and the problems that are happening in Punjab. So when I use the key, and the way I want to use a key is a in the build form in Gurdwaras, and I think the Gurdwaras in Delhi have been important for the restless protest right now coming from from from Haryana. They have been important

435
01:14:14.630 --> 01:14:21.839
through Covid for a different sort of language, but they have also been important sort of a built form of creating

436
01:14:21.840 --> 01:14:28.050
what I think a certain kind of political idea around land dispossession of farmers

437
01:14:28.080 --> 01:14:54.829
in Delhi among not always 6, but people who identify as Punjabi's as Hindu. But they live in best, tell you which is more Punjabi, so I will. How is the build form being used? But also because the one of the most important sort of emporal moments of the farmers protest was reaching an edge 10, which is one of the biggest highways blocking it. And then they were surrounding Delhi.

438
01:14:54.830 --> 01:15:17.220
And so the way that Punjabi think of Delhi, not just in memory, but also spatially, that we have now reached Daddy. And now we are revoking Billy in the way that we talk so. And that was the location where there were also a lot of Denny's slum Wellers and the youngers were important. Languages are like social ways of giving up food, and it's been important for us as well. So they were food lungers. They were clinics and they were libraries.

439
01:15:17.220 --> 01:15:29.140
And they are like these videos. And I was there for a little time towards the end, where slum dwellers and slown children are actually sad that the protest is over, because now we won't get free food we won't get, you know, all of that stuff

440
01:15:29.190 --> 01:15:54.100
did that have a role to play as another way to think about. And then also how the diaspora used the key as a culture. So diaspora, especially located in Canada, was using these questions of sticky to really like bring together how they've thought about land is possession in Canada as well. But, like, bring in these sticky questions together. So I'm not sure where I'll go with all these questions, but I think the key is like one thing that is perhaps. bringing these concepts together.

441
01:15:55.270 --> 01:15:57.930
Excellent. Yeah, you pass it down.

442
01:15:58.920 --> 01:15:59.730
Thank you.

443
01:16:01.930 --> 01:16:04.320
Thank you. From my colleagues

444
01:16:04.880 --> 01:16:09.769
an interesting question about the motivation of motivations

445
01:16:10.390 --> 01:16:12.230
shopkeepers.

446
01:16:12.550 --> 01:16:15.969
It's possible to derive

447
01:16:16.160 --> 01:16:17.010
the

448
01:16:17.290 --> 01:16:24.820
situations into 2 parts, first part villages and human humanitarian regulation

449
01:16:26.270 --> 01:16:35.689
in Iran. As a religious country it is impossible to segregate religious and humanitarian motivations.

450
01:16:35.820 --> 01:16:36.610
You can.

451
01:16:37.560 --> 01:16:40.929
as I said, yeah, because this shopkeeper

452
01:16:41.470 --> 01:16:42.430
yeah.

453
01:16:43.400 --> 01:16:48.000
themselves are sometimes or rare

454
01:16:48.910 --> 01:16:51.270
in some period of their times

455
01:16:51.280 --> 01:16:52.690
need a people.

456
01:16:52.900 --> 01:16:59.609
and many of them are, it is possible to consider them

457
01:16:59.710 --> 01:17:05.800
the member of lawyer class. Many people who

458
01:17:05.990 --> 01:17:11.390
lose their jobs because of some economic crisis.

459
01:17:11.430 --> 01:17:23.609
decided to start a business in form of supermarket. Why? Because it needs a small investment. Small capital, or many people

460
01:17:24.110 --> 01:17:52.759
can start a business in form of supermarkets. There are many supermarkets in everybody, every street. And this make the environment of this business very competitive, very competitive. And this is why they compete deeply for more

461
01:17:52.800 --> 01:17:53.840
yeah.

462
01:17:53.930 --> 01:17:55.140
customers.

463
01:17:56.320 --> 01:17:59.330
Another motivation is economy.

464
01:17:59.350 --> 01:18:05.759
Very, very important. It's vital for every business economic motivation.

465
01:18:05.980 --> 01:18:17.510
And I don't know how you know about the situation of Iran here and now, we said of COVID-19, and insulation

466
01:18:17.750 --> 01:18:26.510
is encountered with international political boycott, and it makes a really tough situation.

467
01:18:26.520 --> 01:18:39.259
And you know, for many groups of people, not, for example, for part-time income people, even for employee, even for teachers.

468
01:18:39.750 --> 01:18:44.519
missed with. We

469
01:18:44.570 --> 01:18:53.429
continuous income monthly, but they could not reach their income to the end of the month, and they refer to

470
01:18:53.440 --> 01:18:59.330
supermarkets, and take some goods according to.

471
01:18:59.750 --> 01:19:00.770
and trust

472
01:19:00.799 --> 01:19:09.889
here. I know, and not what accounts is called to a transaction on trust.

473
01:19:10.020 --> 01:19:18.070
Then there are valuable motivation that push or shopkeepers

474
01:19:18.180 --> 01:19:28.140
to maintain and to continue with this kind of trust action, even though sometimes

475
01:19:28.219 --> 01:19:32.769
it really reduced their profit.

476
01:19:33.290 --> 01:19:39.410
because not all the gods me purchase would not, and pay

477
01:19:39.750 --> 01:19:45.230
tomorrow next week, next month, next year, or maybe never.

478
01:19:45.580 --> 01:20:03.249
never. There are many names in the book, in the notebook in every without exception in every supermarket that they, for example, know from the local this. But Another local without.

479
01:20:03.410 --> 01:20:04.189
Thank you.

480
01:20:04.330 --> 01:20:06.100
Thank you again for your question.

481
01:20:06.680 --> 01:20:08.860
Another question.

482
01:20:08.959 --> 01:20:14.459
Another question was about a different, valuable

483
01:20:14.469 --> 01:20:21.749
ways of support from her. But poor people, beside of a super market.

484
01:20:23.379 --> 01:20:33.650
according to social support, local social support is possible to divide groups of people into 2 parts.

485
01:20:33.980 --> 01:20:50.509
First, part, normal people, more and more people who try to answer to their necessaries by local supermarkets, and another part that our first

486
01:20:50.719 --> 01:20:56.889
this year first, this is, I've got to in calm. First, you sit in cars very far.

487
01:20:56.969 --> 01:21:21.309
and people who are under support supporting of government. Yes, yes, there are additional Social support. Government has a valuable Plan program to support them. For example, Committee and the other month for many, and this the organization.

488
01:21:21.480 --> 01:21:25.470
and some local Ngos, and some local charities.

489
01:21:25.580 --> 01:21:36.750
Every mosque, every mosque in era, and here and there are about 70,070 70,000 mosques around the country.

490
01:21:36.800 --> 01:21:53.740
and in every mosque there is a and a charity, and you a charity, and they try to help. Where people, their formal social software do something to

491
01:21:53.860 --> 01:22:08.950
empowerment, make, for example, a job for them. But in a supermarket for local Mgs always answer to some daily needs, for example, food or dresses?

492
01:22:09.090 --> 01:22:20.479
And then the answer is, yes. There are many other actions in locals to help. This is the

493
01:22:20.920 --> 01:22:23.859
secret of continuous.

494
01:22:24.140 --> 01:22:28.570
This country is like

495
01:22:28.600 --> 01:22:34.670
maybe many problems, code-advisive inflation. And you you get international

496
01:22:34.730 --> 01:22:37.660
policy for my boycott.

497
01:22:37.800 --> 01:22:43.270
I should decide that some religious gifts, some religious gifts.

498
01:22:43.430 --> 01:22:45.570
There are many religious gifts.

499
01:22:45.950 --> 01:22:51.800
for example, Fetrier, Rakimazzol, them Holmes, Zacchurt, Math.

500
01:22:52.410 --> 01:22:59.219
and these gifts are a mechanism to make equality in the society.

501
01:22:59.320 --> 01:23:12.809
and one of the very important outcome of this research is, now people do this kind of charities according to affection, not rational.

502
01:23:12.860 --> 01:23:17.339
It's so. It's possible to make education.

503
01:23:17.420 --> 01:23:26.529
or to lead them to change this kind of effectiveness. How to pour people to more rational?

504
01:23:26.780 --> 01:23:32.800
Thank you again. Excellent! Can you pass the mike down to Delirio and Matt

505
01:23:36.220 --> 01:23:37.730
in the final word.

506
01:23:37.880 --> 01:23:43.569
exactly words. So the question was, what type of suburb

507
01:23:43.750 --> 01:24:00.590
does Green Valley and its ilk sort of represent. In actuality there are I think there are probably at 1.4 5 communities that will be considered historically by communities. One was overtaken by the Pentagon itself back in the Thirtys actually was a

508
01:24:00.910 --> 01:24:02.420
40 is right. What's it called

509
01:24:02.820 --> 01:24:06.390
Queen City? All right. So at present there are 3

510
01:24:06.490 --> 01:24:12.810
historically designated, and by historically designated, we could say that the county of Arlington, which

511
01:24:12.990 --> 01:24:15.549
at 1 point would have been a suburb of

512
01:24:15.640 --> 01:24:17.300
Washington, DC.

513
01:24:17.450 --> 01:24:21.700
Has recognized these as

514
01:24:21.710 --> 01:24:48.369
communities of some historical import. In this instance the historical import is related to the fact that they were predominantly black communities. In this instance. we we have 3 Reed Valley, Johnson, Hill, and Halls Hill. These are communities that were associated in Matt mentioned this with a historical community that existed for a short time after the Civil War known as Friedman's Village.

515
01:24:48.630 --> 01:24:53.560
right? So contraband African Americans that were associated with

516
01:24:53.630 --> 01:25:02.849
of different types of shadow institutions in Virginia, in and around Virginia they were first settled in DC. Then they moved them over to Arlington, actually

517
01:25:02.920 --> 01:25:09.209
really Cool Slide. There actually, on the former estate of Robert E. Lee.

518
01:25:09.620 --> 01:25:16.529
Actually right? So Robert E's portion of his estate became a freedman's village, which is

519
01:25:16.680 --> 01:25:36.149
one of the greatest ironies you can bestow on history. So the type of community that Green Valley is again is one of those historic designated communities because its members, many of its members, were. Folks who moved from that freedman's village to Green Valley, Hallsville.

520
01:25:36.670 --> 01:25:50.910
and Johnson till there are, I would say, in terms of the class dynamic, and I think Matt will probably have something to say about this as well. I would say that the the dimensions of Green Valley are

521
01:25:51.220 --> 01:25:53.759
complex, right in the sense that you do have

522
01:25:53.790 --> 01:26:07.390
middle-class folks. maybe even some upper middle class folks who are still present. And this is pre gentrification right in some one of the historical figures.

523
01:26:07.420 --> 01:26:29.430
That we talked about! In presentation was a a a man named Dr. Osset Taylor, and he is actually a medical doctor who, educated at Howard University in in DC. And Lived his entire life in in Green Valley, and still lives there to this day. So one may make the case that you know

524
01:26:29.500 --> 01:26:34.940
Dr. Taylor could have moved away. But he he! He chose to stay, and there were lots of other folks who were like that

525
01:26:34.970 --> 01:26:44.809
in that community, whereas DC proper has these historically designated communities. But there's a different dynamic. And maybe man, I just want to say about that dynamic in terms of

526
01:26:45.090 --> 01:26:52.179
the comparison between the suburban constitution of a historical black community

527
01:26:52.310 --> 01:27:05.399
versus DC's sort of, you know, more urban. And actually, you know, black residents, DC. Or extremely high percentage relative to relative to or and so

528
01:27:05.590 --> 01:27:06.740
very thoughts about.

529
01:27:08.110 --> 01:27:20.770
You know, I I guess the only thing that I would say about it is that, What's particularly interesting about the the 3 communities in Arlington is that you know these are places that were predominantly black

530
01:27:20.940 --> 01:27:32.679
neighborhoods at the turn of the century, and then a predominantly white suburb grew around them. Right? So they became these places that were

531
01:27:33.860 --> 01:27:57.309
surrounded by hostile white communities. And I think that's that's quite different than the history of black suburbs that we are currently reading about, most of which are communities that emerge from

532
01:27:57.310 --> 01:28:25.999
from a growing black middle class. in the post, civil rights era and opening of the suburbs to to integration, and black folks moving from the inner city out into the suburbs. And what's particularly interesting about Green Valley and places like it is that these are suburban communities. that pre-existence

533
01:28:26.000 --> 01:28:39.419
is a a puzzle right? How is it that these places were able to maintain their foothold in the face of quite significant.

534
01:28:41.140 --> 01:28:44.000
adverse, external environments? And

535
01:28:44.530 --> 01:29:01.669
excellent? That was a great note to go out on. I think it really kind of touched on some of these differences in types of spaces and the kinds of politics that are possible. So thank you to the audience. and thank you very much to the presenters. Oh, yeah, wait 1 s.

536
01:29:01.820 --> 01:29:06.779
Oh, wait! Couldn't we can. We hand the mic course. Thanks.

537
01:29:11.710 --> 01:29:15.490
 thank you for

538
01:29:15.860 --> 01:29:23.770
audience and the presenters, and I want to give a comment on the work of

539
01:29:24.330 --> 01:29:27.980
and it's a

540
01:29:28.060 --> 01:29:33.220
I should say my thanks to your work, because

541
01:29:33.260 --> 01:29:42.390
you, my attention to a subject matter that we have never been. Think about it.

542
01:29:42.410 --> 01:29:51.109
Island City. I don't see it in Coastal City. Of course my country had many

543
01:29:51.270 --> 01:30:09.039
cities in Costo area, or there are some island in my country that I am an urban sociologist never talked about difference that? I consider for all of them, Nicole, and thank you for the

544
01:30:09.200 --> 01:30:13.289
for something. And another.

545
01:30:13.720 --> 01:30:14.830
Yeah.

546
01:30:16.870 --> 01:30:19.179
My point is it?

547
01:30:19.260 --> 01:30:21.430
Question?

548
01:30:22.800 --> 01:30:37.699
And thank you for your intelligent critic to urban sociology? I don't know. You're pretty disc critique about heaven, so it is. It

549
01:30:37.880 --> 01:30:46.320
commit to a kind of reduction reduction. It is by us now to our left

550
01:30:46.620 --> 01:30:48.110
enough seriously

551
01:30:48.230 --> 01:30:50.620
and neglect over

552
01:30:50.700 --> 01:30:53.040
conservative

553
01:30:53.050 --> 01:30:55.460
series can

554
01:30:55.490 --> 01:31:00.810
this. This causes the next sociologist in the

555
01:31:01.510 --> 01:31:05.509
in the country is the same as one of the country to be isolated.

556
01:31:05.700 --> 01:31:12.529
to isolated them. A government put them aside from a consultant.

557
01:31:12.550 --> 01:31:19.660
Always. They invite, for example, psychologists to concerns. But but but network sociologists.

558
01:31:19.710 --> 01:31:20.760
what?

559
01:31:20.860 --> 01:31:23.750
Because of resistance against

560
01:31:23.770 --> 01:31:26.880
my left?

561
01:31:27.160 --> 01:31:34.230
It is most of. I. I want to ask you the question that this this conclusion

562
01:31:34.360 --> 01:31:48.619
is your your analysis. You're thinking you're right here, your conclusion from the resources you know, sociologist Muslims

563
01:31:48.670 --> 01:31:54.109
or you. Observe some text

564
01:31:54.130 --> 01:31:55.770
that museum

565
01:31:55.840 --> 01:31:58.750
this reduction is mentioned.

566
01:32:02.980 --> 01:32:24.769
I think a lot of this work is coming from a Comp. Exam. Which lies. I was chair of. So we were supposed to like. Figure out where our space in novel sociology is. And so a heart that I've met myself not entirely of with the Chicago school sociology, which sees Chicago as a vacuum, as a microcosm of looking at certain kind of

567
01:32:24.810 --> 01:32:41.199
social behaviors, and I think, within the United States also, but also in post colonial context. There's been a lot of pushback against it, so as of now. a lot of the work that I've done has just been about in tanglements that I felt, and I saw all my life

568
01:32:41.200 --> 01:32:58.659
as not being completely incompassed by this of the petting only positive, as Chicago school is sort of work being done. But I think there's a lot of work other than mine that just theoretically I can't raise. And I kind that in this we just try to like push against this, and I feel that I want to question if

569
01:32:58.960 --> 01:33:19.740
something like Sicky, which is, you know, you can't. a lot of people removed over connections by looking at circular migration by looking at infrastructure. I'm wondering if something like the key which is hard to like touch and see and figure out how it works. can also be something to like. Learn from when we come to connections.

570
01:33:21.590 --> 01:33:30.689
All right. Well, I think this demonstrates that the conversations are going to continue, and so thank you for sticking around an extra few minutes.

571
01:33:33.290 --> 01:33:34.099
Thank you.

572
01:33:43.310 --> 01:33:45.000
 but