WEBVTT

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yeah. Welcome everyone to the

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session on digital health futures. Before we start, we want to say an acknowledgment of country. And Reena will say it

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that

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so exciting talks in the boss.

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Yeah. welcome everybody to digital health futures. So what do we mean with the notion of digital health, so many, many practices and experiences of health and care are, currently mediated by digital technologies. And in this session we want to study this different applications in of digital health across different fields with different people involved.

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And we also want to advance our theoretical and methodological understanding of

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how we can create well value centric and desirable digital health futures. So we have 5, all 5 presentations, 5 or presentations

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for in person, and one

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 online. And we will start with miracle soda from the Sizer University, and she investigates how virtual avatars are used to facilitate digitized self-help groups.

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and she particularly particularly studied 3 patient groups with disabilities to explore the performances of virtual reality spaces in

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south of this in.

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Thank you very much, Benjamin, for my introduction. So today, I'd like to talk about the digitalizing peer support activities with people with illness and all disabilities. Actually, I am the second speaker. But

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because of the digitalization of the University Conference, I need to attend the conference

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from to Pm.

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From the 40'clock, so I asked when to change the

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the order.

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So this I says, no, it's sometimes good, but sometimes, but I wish I could stay for

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and a more long time here.

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So anyway, on

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recently. the theizer so is debugged everywhere.

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and as the measure and count predicted.

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Online dissemination of herescerated information has explored in recent years, becoming ready available to more people around the world.

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And this range is come both the health care providers and the patient.

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That's where.

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So

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there are no conflict of interest

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so recently. Peer support, which means the support, the the support the patient each other.

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It is

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very becoming, increasingly important. And there's many patient support groups.

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in the particular disease, like a cancer patient groups or stroke, patient group

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and mental health, patient association, and almost every disease and disability they have

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patient group and doing a peer support.

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But you and the patient group. get together

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With the certain prices.

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but the patient with the physical disabilities, have a difficulties to attend. The the patient set for a group meeting.

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and sometimes they need to

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ask their family or support workers to attend them to.

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to the the patient set of groups, and sometimes it costs a lot, and

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and many patient gave up to attend it.

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To the patient, serve group, group with the difficulties.

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and even more at a copy to 19

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situation. It is prohibited for people to get together.

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The patient. Her group is not exceptional.

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they need to, you know.

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stop the gathering, and some of you

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patient fears the difficulties to

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get along with that situation.

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In such case the digitalization is the effective

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away.

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So some patient groups start to use the Zoom Conference system or some other online A,

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your system. And

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also I have a experience to attend the conference at. You know Taylor Conference of the patient safety groups.

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but it is, but not easy it

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because, Some patient does not you. You did not use to use the the.

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There is a device like carpishi or smartphone.

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So the supporter tell how to use the

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on the device, or how to.

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you know.

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Make a you know the Wi-fi setting so on. But once it is operated, it is very effective.

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So we.

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as a researcher, I'm trying to find some the possibility and the programs

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for patient to serve group and pure support to make the digitalization possible.

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So this is a research question, what is the reality of a desolation of patient group and a pierce board.

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the second wide of what has the implication of conducting patient meetings in the digital space

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and the sardoma is what the challenges of conducting a patient meeting in the digital space.

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And we we

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some, the technical, the method to use virtual reality. It is called cross reality, it

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conference, the system.

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So we use that cross-reality conference system that is called Xrcc to implement the patient support.

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peer, support. and Examine the the result. so have pure support, take place in the vital realt. Praise

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and do it. We use also the robot technology for conducting peer support. and the 3 patient groups will be asked to participate in this project.

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and the digitalization or peer support will be evaluated and analyzed through of the visual interviews and questionnaire survey.

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And so this research has been approved by the Cesar University Research Ethics Committee.

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So initially, I am wondering so how the virtual reality or the sterilization is effective for peer support. And because I know the butter reality, technology is not familiar

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to me. However, once we implement the butter to create An or the Xyz into the pure support.

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It has a lot of positive feedback.

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 so what?

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So this is called the authorization of peer support, and

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you can see the pictures. They are the participant.

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So some has a stroke

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survivor, and some are the Cp. And some has a Rs.

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And somehow the castle survivor and

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the high school students participate in this project as a volunteer.

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and the medical professionals and the supporter as well. So this is kind of the the mercy generation and the

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and the co-creation of the people with illness and disabilities.

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So what we do is

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to make a butter

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by themselves with the support of the digital helper.

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And you can see

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a lot of people in Europe

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and user make them the Abbotta. Are they like?

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So some. you know.

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some people with a stroke. They have a you know. They paralyze the

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head hand and wrecks, but they can.

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you know, move freely in the butteriority space, and some want to be the different security, and some want to be the, you know, the different generation, and some put some

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kind of a debt. you know animation, character.

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and after the the experience of such a dessert. I

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you know the activity in digital sphere. So we conducted the interview and the questionnaire survey

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to each patient and survivors.

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So this is a picture of the

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conducting me conducting the

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interview.

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So, after all I' there are some comments from the patient groups.

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So there are

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I'm talking about. There are some challenges, such as

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they are the marriage gap between the researcher and the patient or survivors.

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So it's sometimes the the patient

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and the survivors cannot understand the meaning and the definition of what we

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doing. And during our conversation.

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and also, our patients do not understand some.

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 you know the technical world.

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and also at the same time the patient and survivors group are mentioned about the possibilities.

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So that is the mutual grounds. So we can learn each other, and we can discuss the how to proceed. And

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the

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this experiment and

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to improve. The

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patients support peer support.

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and from from my other preservation I would like to point out 3 point so.

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and this is anonymity and noarity and sort of philosophical aspect. So this is a positive effect of the the digitalization of the Pia support.

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People participate in the digital Sophia xracy. As a as a so people can not

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do not know who is it is

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so. This is kind of the anonymity makes them

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talk really without any discrimination or hesitation. So this is the good point. The second one is noverity.

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so excel. CC. And the battery is not very common. So far, so some patients who are not interested in participating in the group activity, but they became, you know, interesting in

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using the budget reality. So

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the the

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tried to participate in that experiment.

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The third one is this experiment. Change the perception of the patient and the survival

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because of the you know, physical disability. Many of them have

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have the low self esteem. However, using this technology kind of technology and collaborating with the researcher and doing some meaningful experiment.

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their self-confidence is getting higher.

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So this is very unique and the positive

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resort. I think

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so. However, as I told you, there are some challenges. But

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to to make forward to implement this technology, to make the pure support to be better, you know.

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Better wait for them for the survival to

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get a of confidence again.

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so it is important to recognize the rear common goal.

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each other. Each other means patient and the researcher.

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and it is also, I like to point out to discuss with each other from the beginning of the planning process.

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It is sometimes called the inclusive design.

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and

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I think it is really important to collaborate with the patient and some others

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with it

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with a you know, researcher.

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So I think, we need to create a relationship and the environment for both of us to

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make a but collaboration.

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So this is a

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the concept of inclusive design.

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and also our interpret disciplinary and international corporation is important. So in this research, gym, not only sociologists, but also the engineer specialist and the medical professionals are involved.

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So this kind of interdisciplinary collaboration makes something happen.

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And in the future I' to include the the international participant. So if you are interested in my research, please tell me

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so. Thank you very much for your attention.

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because

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there is a time for a couple of questions from trouble, because she has to read and cannot participate in related discussions. Or if there any questions.

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yeah, maybe maybe a little bit.

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You can elaborate a little bit more about the and codes

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co-design this over time to structural relatives. First. Yeah.

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yes, it is.

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I object. Is there a comment or crystal? You want to elaborate how you collaborate?

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I yes,

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maybe.

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You know the dialogue and the conversation between the you know, the participant is really important, and to hear their you know the intention and the hope to participate in this project.

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Yeah, it is really important to it. Avoid

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this project. Thank you very much.

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So our next presentation is from Ruvena, Forthit, from the University of Sydney, and she will talk about communication connectedness, collegality in house professionals use of online communities for peer interaction.

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I'm looking forward to.

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Okay. Hello, everyone. Like every good digital health sociologist. I've got a paper print out of my presentation to you. So that's a good start.

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I'm Marina from the University of Sydney. Ben's done all of my first slides so lovely to see you all. Thank you particularly for all the international people coming along and making the effort to come to Melbourne much appreciated.

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So I'm talking to you today about our research project on how health professionals use online communities to connect with their peers.

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So just to start with, I'd just like to acknowledge that the research I'm reporting on here was conducted on vegetable and gatical lands of the year, or a nation, and also acknowledged the traditional owners of the lands on which we're meeting today. The war injury boy wrong and bon wrong peoples paying my respects to their elders, past, present, and emerging, and anybody who indigenous, who's present with us today.

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So here's the team, my co-authors on the paper. Christina, Brad and Andrew. They are all psychologists, but don't hold that against them. missed our research group. So we do a lot of work around social media and health and they're all fantastic and very excited to be at Sociology conference on the program.

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So just to give you a bit of background, so online communities can be defined as groups of people or organisations who interact with each other through virtual mediums about common interests or concerns. So engagement can be through online social networks, including social media. So things like Facebook, Instagram and Twitter and discussion boards, threads, forums, chat rooms, list serves and blogs, so you might be familiar with some or all of those and belong to some yourself.

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So as we know the health professionals, such as doctors, nurses, and Allied health practitioners face major challenges that impact on their mental health, due to increased burden stress burnouts and uncertainties within their work environments. And it's particularly high during the Covid period, the main covid period. And in response to this, the use of online communities amongst these groups increased

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and online communities have been shown to be an effective tool for enhancing education, communication and interaction and networking with patients crucial part.

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It's also been shown that use of online platforms, particularly social media, was commonly associated with lower levels of anxiety

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and depression. And where these online platforms facilitated social support and interaction to improve patient care.

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So just some gaps in the literature on this topic in health. so many previous studies have only recruited one type of health profession or examine the use of only one type of online community or platform. Our study, we're trying to take a perspective across professions and across multiple platforms.

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That's our intention, anyway.

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So the other thing is that while the presence of research around health, professional interactions with patients, it exists and is quite extensive. There's not much, in fact, practically nothing on how health professionals interact with each other.

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That's where we're interested in what what the community means in these online communities to these health professionals.

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So there's also been a like a mixed methods research in the literature. And that's what we're doing in our study, you know a mix of qualitative and quantitative

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and part of what we want to do is identify some factors that assist in sustaining knowledge sharing in these online communities.

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So what a health professional doing on social media and in online communities.

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So one thing they're doing is something like this. So this comes from a hospital-based account. But health professionals post this sort of stuff, too, where they'll post up a list of symptoms, and then they'll sort of. Ask their followers, what's the diagnosis for this condition? So you can see here. And then there's responses that come afterwards. So people

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take a bit of care in, you know, using bullet point emojis. They add some graphics sometimes, and then you can see here also, over on the right the poster Deb Mendelssohn actually adds her own personal experience where she says, you know, I saw it once, and it was heartbreaking. So this is the sort of things that are doing on Twitter.

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There is also

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individuals. So Cynthia Cooper is a medical doctor in the Us. And she writes Haiku poems of symptoms, and then asks again to guess the diagnosis you can see here, then she's provided some extra information and to diagnose herself. And then she's linked to a systematic review of published systematic review.

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So there's that type of knowledge sharing going on as well. Instagram is getting increasingly popular. this is just an example from a group who do education for students studying for their medical exams. So one of the things they do is they'll put out a poll, and they'll ask people to vote

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and the diagnoses, and then they'll post up the answer the next day. And then, with some additional information for learning as well.

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So in our study. We're recruiting health professionals, any health professionals internationally to tell us about their experiences and use of online support communities.

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So in our first phase, it's online questionnaires, so demographic questionnaire, followed by some questionnaires about which platforms they use, how often they use them, what they do on them, and then some validated instruments there as well that we've adapted for our study, followed by optional, semi-structured, in-depth interviews, where we're getting to more around their experiences of the communities, the nature of their roles and interactions, their identity and how they're connecting and practising community if you like.

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So our eligibility criteria is that people have a health profession qualification, and they're using at least one online platform to engage with their peers. They are obviously aged over 18 years. But ethics committees like you to write it down. they're fluent in speaking, reading and writing English and have access to a phone or computer that they can complete the questionnaires and or interviews on.

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So we've been recruiting since June 2022 by our tweets, retweets, reddit posts, Instagram, our own Instagram, and also contacting health professionals with large followings and asking them to share the survey. We've contacted Hospital and health Staff

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Health Service staff newsletters. You can see we've contacted a lot of those and some professional associations as well. Just some example screenshots there.

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However, despite this, let's call it a blitz of recruitment. we're struggling to get participants. So I think this is pretty common in research with health professionals generally, but I'm really keen. If anybody has any suggestions of how we can find some more of these people to participate or, if you would indeed like to share it yourselves from your own social media. And so today.

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when we cut it off for our statistician to do the analysis. We had 74 complete questionnaires and 6 interviews. So what I'm presenting you today is very, very early stage analysis of what we've got so far.

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So just some quick demographics now

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just over half an age between 30 and 49, 78% self-identified as females just under 3 quarters resided in Australia, Oceania, which I know speaks to our social networks of our study, and who we've been recruiting through and 62% stated, they work full time.

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 almost 30% have more than 10 years of experience. 45% employed in the public hospital system and 78

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cent work in a major city. Medical practitioners account for 31%, and medical practitioners include nurses, physicians, doctors, or surgeons. 59% are allied. Health

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which includes speech, language pathologists, physiotherapists, podiatrists and psychologists, and 9% worked in other roles which included education, health managers and technicians and 2% unclear.

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So we in our surveys. We had 8 pre-sgested platforms, these ones here, and then we allowed people to also add additional platforms as well, and they've actually added 18 other ones which you can see here come under instant messaging platforms, profession specific websites and forums.

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file sharing platforms and video communication platforms. So from 74 participants. We've got 26

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online platform. So people are kind of engaging with lots of different technologies.

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Just as a broad overview in terms of which platform. So these are just the 8 that we pre suggested and how often people are using them. So Facebook had the most account ownership at 70%, followed by Linkedin at 69% and Twitter 48%.

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Facebook had the highest proportion of daily users, 35%, followed by Whatsapp on both Instagram and Twitter, while Linkedin, despite many participants reporting having an account, had the highest proportion of rare users at almost 30%.

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So that's been a bit of an interesting one. We've been talking about that in the interviews. People say, Yeah, yeah, I've got Linkedin, but I don't really think it's for health professionals, and I only use it if I'm looking for a job, basically

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some early parts from the interviews. So inter-professional hierarchies are less evident in online communities. So you can see here. there's a lot of cross-professional interaction happening.

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So this is kind of a really interesting thing that we want to pursue. So in the first one p. One who's a medical doctor and runs

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has started a community of practice in a clinical field. You can see he's not only talking about the different specialties that are involved. But he's talking about the different professions as well. Nurses, Allied health physios, pharmacists, doctors, and that they're international. So really bring together all these different professions.

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P. 2 was somebody who was a medical specialist, but he had an Instagram account where he sort of talked about medical information and sharing sort of educational resources, and he talks there explicitly about having a diversity of followers. So he talks about nursing GPS, paramedics.

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interprofessional hierarchies.

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excuse me, are also somewhat challenged in these online spaces as well. So you can see here that P. 3, who was a medical specialist, he was talking about an advantage of social media being

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that you know, where traditionally sort of junior people might be a bit fearful of contacting him because he was a professor through social media. This was much more accessible, and this led to kind of patient care where he was asked, you know, to do a consultation in Cambodia, for instance, in a completely separate country to where he lived.

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So that was again wouldn't have happened through normal channels without social media.

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There was also a translation into some offline, professional benefits for our health professionals as well. So p. 4. Who was a physiotherapist, she talked about She was in Australia, and she talked about how, through Twitter she'd met somebody in Brazil, and she was now going on to contributing to a book chapter and a publication with this person that she wouldn't have met otherwise hadn't met in person.

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So that was yeah, a connection that she wouldn't have had in the offline world. Otherwise.

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Another aspect that I sort of touched on before was the way that when people were posting content, most of them talked about that they wouldn't just say, this is my professional opinion. They would also kind of back up what they did with evidence. So sometimes this was like people here where she talks about linking some relevant academic papers. So she's in her Facebook group with other physios and somebody's asking a question about a patient case.

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She talks about what she would do. But then she links these academic papers to kind of back up what she's saying and to give credibility to it. Sometimes people did this with policy as well as research articles.

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managing privacy was something that everybody was conscious of in the interviews. Okay? And I think we're all kind of grappling with that in online, aren't we? So?

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And they but they managed it differently. So for quite a few of our participants, they would have separate personal and professional social media accounts.

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for the first participant. He was a physio at a hospital. He talked about the way that It wasn't only about him doing embarrassing things in his personal life that he didn't want his colleagues saying, but it was actually thinking, Well, my friends and family on Facebook really don't care about the stuff that I'm interested in clinically. So it was quite clear for him having those 2 distinct accounts and keeping those audiences very separate.

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for p. 6. She was an ot. An occupational therapist who ran a private practice, and she talked about, and she lived in a small town, so she was talking about having separate accounts and actually using her maiden name for one and her married name for the other one as a way of keeping that separate.

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however.

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for some other people. So some people didn't use their full name

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or their real name. They didn't talk about hospital. They worked out. They didn't share any of those details, but other people did so. P. 3. He was a medical specialist. He had his name, which was quite a distinctive name. He had it on Facebook, Whatsapp, Twitter, and Instagram.

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But he was using these different platforms quite differently. So he had this nice quote here, where sort of this is blurring of boundaries, where he, you know, is quite an accessible person. And so he's got this, you know, Instagram, his travel blog. That's what he uses it for.

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But then, he says, you know, I I post photos of myself on holiday. You know I could pose a picture of me on the beach in my speedos, and then patients are contacting me, saying, Come, my mother, come and see you and my gouts acting up. And he's like, what about that? That? That was what I wanted to hear from you about on Instagram. So I think that that's another kind of really interesting dimension to what's coming up.

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So I know I haven't sort of had a chance to get into it today. But where we're going, theory wise is to do some work around kind of science of technology studies and digital health sociology. So coming out of kind of technological determinism and actor network theory about

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technologies and humans being separate. And what do they do with each other? And we're going more towards Ben and other social material approaches where we're looking at the way these technologies kind of constitute and are reformed and reproduced through people's interactions that guide these peer interactions.

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And we're obviously going to the stuff on health professions as well, which is something that I'm really like. And these ideas about professional projects and closure strategies and boundary work and occupational territories which have traditionally been

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about professions as a whole kind of protecting and separating themselves for each other from each other. We're kind of seeing that a bit collapsed in these spaces, and people much more willing to share that information and willing to be interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary. So

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we're going with along with that as well. So I have a feeling I'm going to have to go into kind of media sociology stuff which I don't really know yet. But that's going to be another path for us as well. So

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from here on, obviously, please tell me where we can saw some more participants. If you have any suggestions, I'd be really pleased to have them. I want to continue looking at ideas around support connectedness, reciprocity in these spaces, because I think that's really interesting.

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I have a sneaking suspicion that this

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I do. A community isn't as well developed as I'm hoping it was when I started out with this but that's what's exciting about it, too. And then, obviously, where we're going there. So thank you very much. Contact me questions.

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anything else.

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References to that one, too.

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for us.

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Are we doing the questions at the end? Yeah, we have a discussion in the end. Okay, yeah.

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thank you. Thank you.

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So

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the next presentation is from Anna Dumar Baska. She will write to a healthy city, and it will be presented by her colleague, Mikolai.

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please

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that floor.

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Hi! My name is Nico Iibi Sagan, as Benjamin mentioned. I'm not an Nada Maratska, but I will try to do my best to present as she would.

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and if you are disappointed. I am not how she is going to present tomorrow about the right to Smart City, and I would really recommend coming to how talk tomorrow. It's, I think, this session starting to 1020 in the Crown, C. 5. I'm recommending it also because I'm just going to present just before her my second stock. So please come also to our

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a second talk. And This work was a joint effort of my wonderful colleagues, and the so you see, there were a bunch of us, and we have here Anna de Maratzka, and and, as you probably notice, we have quite a few funding institutions. That is not an

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accident, because there were a quite a few people. So we needed a lot of money to find our work. And there were basically 3 European projects and one a Polish national, a central project.

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Okay?

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so what I'm going to talk about today. The outlines are pretty simple. I will first introduce you.

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So you from which perspective we are coming? Then I will try to introduce to you digital right to a public city and show with you some rescue and challenges regarding using this small acknowledges, especially wherever devices. And then I will show with you our lessons around from our project in which we use

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and wearable devices to measure half. And well, being of citizens.

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okay, let me start telling you, from which perspective and what we are already interested in in. In general, we are interested in the city and as we probably all know, and we all experience it because we survive the pandemic. We notice that our cities has been changing, and there is 150

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much more smart devices, sensors they all became, becoming the the cities. They are becoming smart cities, and although this

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enhanced by different sensors.

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cities, and they give a promise of like being better for citizens and and being able to

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make decision like a decision process based on data gathered by cities. There were some.

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I would say, challenges, and the risk connected with a technology that is introduced to the cities. And as one of the promises of using technology, and especially in the city context, is a smart health

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and

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based on the sensors that are appearing in the city, and we are wearing. Some of you probably are already wearing some smart devices or your wrists, and this

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kind of give us a promise that the health services can be better adjusted to our needs. And

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however, this applications, especially these wearables on which I am going to focus in the rest of my talk.

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and very often we

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are over optimistic about about them, and we tend to ignore their limitations and challenges they bring.

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So our perspective of all of this city, the right to digital and healthy city is as follow, we obviously stole from the I have right to the city concept, and by Henry La Fab, who who coined this concept as a basket of rights which every citizen should be able to express exercise in the city context.

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and so they are able to use fully use them city and exercise, and as different rights in the city to occupy the space, to use the space to be in the form in the city context.

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And basically, this approach puts human in the center of the city, so at their own needs, and

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and the perception of the urban realm is in the center. So we can define this

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and perspective in terms of livability. So the perception of the citizen, how well it is to live in a certain place in the city, in the urban context is a central for this approach and this decision decision making process in the city context, therefore, should be

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and made based on all, all or man dwellers, all citizens or city users, and they should be able to exercise their different rights, and

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those decision made by municipalities, or in general cities should be accommodating needs of all different

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and citizens, even though those who are not that who are very often under represented.

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and for us, and at health and well-being or prerequisites of being able to exercise these rights under the city, the right to the city slogan.

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and therefore we define the digital right to a healthy city as a kind of framework which allows to make a cities more livable for all citizens, and also that

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this framework, and also creating more democratic cities in which every citizen has the same right to express their needs and to have their needs.

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So this is our perspective. And now I'm going to to briefly describe 2 projects in which we are trying to to use this perspective. And those projects are maybe not

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directly about. smart cities. They are more about health and well-being. And I'm talking about through a European product. And we're policy and heart in which what we are doing. We are creating new green spaces, and we are measuring how they affect, how they

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influence well-being and the health of citizens, and how we are measuring it, using these small devices. Either they are measuring it and environmental change. But we are equipping people with smart watches or small, but they are meant to measure their health and well-being, and in this presentation I am now going to focus on.

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and risks and challenges at these devices, but it is probably pretty easy to generalize this risk, and challenges also to out of smart device, not necessarily to where our devices. But I'm going to focus on on wearables because our projects use wearable devices. And I'm also show with you some experience from those projects.

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And so, as you see, we define 5 different risks and challenges, and they are mainly based on the literature review. We did. And I'm going just to add some our own experience, how this so risk and challenges.

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a appear in our project.

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And so, starting with the first privacy and ethics of showing sensitive data.

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using wearables or any kind of technology. It is obvious, especially for wearables, that citizens in that particular case or users, they need to provide some data, very often sensitive data, because these devices are tracking their location, and they are tracking the physiological data. And

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for why? Because they want to discover this, and they have your all patterns, our behaviors, how we are going to behave. And very often technological as technology providers, they are trying to meet a borough minimum like, a legal

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B minimum of legal requirements.

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stating that

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there is a dichotomy between development of technology and and this requirements that I don't really have. We

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go further with developing technology or within that of the technology, or we are going to need them, a low requirements. And so the other issue from the perspective of citizens or users is that a very often there is this trade of between potential benefits?

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Of these services, or these devices, and the consequences of disclosure of the data in our project. One of the issue is that we have residents. We have citizens from minority groups, and very often they do not really want to use these devices, because, although we are working with the municipalities.

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they are afraid that municipalities are going to use this knowledge. Those devices are gathering for stripping them out of social benefits or tracking their location.

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And the second graceful challenge is how this data is integrated, how it is collected and stored, and almost very often municipalities are

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delegating storage and and and storage of the data they are gathering

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to private companies, and they also handle the data, they store the data. And that's the problem. Because although

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people usually trust the municipality when the data is transferred to these private companies, and that becomes an issue, because No one really knows who owns the data and for what it is used where all these companies, they are using this data not only to give feedback to cities, but also for training. For example, like this, large language models.

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and one of the issues we had was with hospitals and that hospitals. They didn't. They were not able to.

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They needed. They were required from by the law to as stored, or a data locally, not showing with other private companies for our project. It was a for us it was.

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and not that good, but from the perspective of privacy and showing data, probably for the citizens patients. It wasn't that bad.

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And so the the thought is a quality and accuracy and interpretation of this data G, or by wearable devices. The issue is, although we are all using them more like. So we know someone who uses them. And there is still not that accuracy. And very often the algorithm which works behind them is undisclosed.

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And because they are the technology providers, they try to save out their

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and our knowledge even in our projects in which we are working closely with technology providers. They are not very happy to show with us

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what this measures actually mean, how they were calculated. They just usually say, Oh, this is a out of this kind of intelligence based mechanism, algorithm.

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And therefore and I would say, one of the most important issues or risk and challenges is the acceptance of these technologies and data shows that

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within the first 6 months, like 42% of users abandoned using these devices. and although we are very often assuming that these devices, they have at least non-negative effects on well-being and health, that's not exactly true, especially when they are setting unrealistic or UN achievable external goals which can lead to disappointment and discouragement rather than motivation.

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even in our our project partners they said that It was very difficult for them to maintain wearing this devices, even though they were motivated by being part of the project, and a last concern is a bit vague, because it's our own concerns this

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erez agmoni, although there is a potential that it can provide a lot of data which regular visits, our regular check-ups, and with medical professionals cannot 150.

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This decreases the weakening, this weekend, and the direct connection between patient and and and medical professional, also the constant

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monitoring. Yeah, I'm just say finishing just this last sentence, and also the constant

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monitoring and so violence of behavior of participants might have

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control effects on the well-being, and how this is just in the the last slide, with some some conclusions which I mentioned during the presentation. And basically, we just submitted this paper, which is extension of what I was just saying, and it is under review for Higgs Conference. But if you have any questions, or you need any more explanation. Please ask me in the Q. And a session. Thank you.

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So

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our next presentation is from ion Shin from the University of Korea.

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And it's on socio-markers, on connect ums newer development, newer developmental imprints in adolescence brands, please.

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The floor.

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Thank you very much. I'm in in Jung Shin and Mr. Shearer, professor at Current University. Thank you very much for coming. Actually, it's super exciting, because long time ago I was on exchange of students at University of Queensland at Brisbane. So it's really good to be back on this land

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today. I will talk a little bit about my current research that says somewhat odd title, social markers and connectome on your developmental imprint in a dulles and brain. So I think my presentation, my research will be a little different from the previous research is, in a way, but I will try to connect.

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I will do my best. So

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in my lab. I'm the director of the Lap Soldier markers. I think one of the beauty of 20 first century doing sociology is in connection with the

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loading data. So in my lab, mostly, what we try to do is to connect to social network data and also neuroscience medical data with a lot of historical data or social data and merge them together to learn something new that we haven't done before. And so in my lab, we use network science, statistic machine learning. Gis, so some of the method that we're going to talk about might be a little unfamiliar. But I will try to explain it in most

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simple language.

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so one of the paper that I'm working with a lot of collaborator is social markers and connectome. And this paper it's obviously you can see from the slides. It's a multidisciplinary approach from the AI, or what is the cognitive engineering department of psychology and me sociologists all together.

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And I also need to say this like cause this funding coming from this government. So I'm really grateful for the Nsf funding that supports my research.

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So to give you a little bit of background. How I got into this research as one of the paper that I published when I'm doing my postdoc fellowship at the University of Tennessee Medical School. Back then I published a paper looking at the Association of Maternal Social Relations and

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Cognitive Development of 2 years old. Well, surprisingly, in this paper. What I found is that the children's development and we measured in IQ as significantly related to mother's maternal social relationship.

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And what's more surprising is how well you are connected with the neighbors where you live, and it also positively influenced the infants cognitive development. So that make me wonder we tend to to consider my intelligence. How smart I am is a solely private matter and my own achievement. Yeah, there are a lot of social contribution to make that happen. So I wanted to do a little bit more investigation in this line of research.

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So we started with this idea development of the brain. It's shaped by numerous absorption factor. We say it like not need to mentioned ours total. But we are social bing, but by that I think we mean the way we develop how we observe the word, understand. The word analyzed word is critically constrained and also conditioned by the social factors. So we try to delve into a little more data with the brain data in this paper.

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So relationship between the social conditions and children's neuter connections, the way your neutral fire in your brain is heavily associated. The thing is, the social scientists did not have the brain data yet, and a lot of medical experts do not really

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how to acknowledge the need to understand the social condition of any kind of social data. So what I'm trying to do is to merge these 2 fields together.

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So what we know that social environments are closely associated with the cortisol or subcodile anatomy. But what we didn't know is that

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more prometric association with the granular detail. So okay, it matters. And it's some part of our brain. But how does that really connect to our brain? So in this paper, we're using the data adolescent brain and cognitive development ABC data using the 12,000 children. Now, we're looking at a little bit older population that 10 years old kids and 21 cities in the United States.

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as it represent a sample as a public data. Actually, you can request that. So the research design of the paper. First, I will talk a little bit about the data set. So in this data. So the beauty of this data is that 20 12,000 individuals like kids like 10 years old. We have a lot of their personal information and also household information. Their mothers and fathers education, their income at the household level. Also, what we know is where they leave

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with that data I could connect during the census. census strict data, so that it's a little smaller unit than zip code. So I can merge. There's

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Mit, Ctl and environmental data with that with that information where they live. So we use a lot of multi-layered information about the children's 2,

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and also, so we subdivided this population into layers of first, their neighborhood environment, and second, they household information and also their personal tubes, like their heights or their race, and gender, and so on, as, of course.

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with that. What we do in this paper is quite somewhat unusual, because mostly we try to predict the IQ or your achievement escal from the social factors. We reverse engineer. That idea. So just given the data of your brain connect? So in your brain, you have 64 reasons in your drain

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in your brain. So when you fire a certain reason. When you use a certain reason more often, then you have thicker fiverr connecting those reasons. So I use that fiber connection data as an dependent, independent, variable. So giving the connective of your brain data, can we actually able to predict where these children leave?

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So with that idea? So giving the brain data, we can scan your data and see the connection in your brain, and that we can predict how well educated your parents are, or how much money your parents make, or what kind of neighborhood you are, with lots of poverty or not, or it's really good educated neighborhood or not.

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Is there any gas, any numbers part of it popping on your mind. How can no way probably like 50 or less. That was the my expectation at the beginning, but surprisingly, I will not going to tell you the number yet. But so that's the that's the finding of this paper. It was really surprising. So with that I retrained. The the second part of the in the middle of the slide is as

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so back to mission. So we trend our algorithm. We're given that we split the data centers 70 to 30. We train the algorithm with a 30% data and test on the 30% validate validation data set. So which we developed a model, the support recognition algorithm to predict their household income and their parents educational level and also their neighborhood level. the educational achievement among the neighborhood, and also their poverty level

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and a neighborhood. And the last part of the analysis we actually met out again into the brain, try to identify which connection is critical to differentiated, who are grown up in a well of affordable, a better neighborhood compared to others. So that's the basis of this paper.

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So the population 51% of our sample a male. And as you can see, we have 54% of this, the race part

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going to be a little important. Toward the end, we have 50% of white and 30% African, American and 20% of Hispanic. When we dropped Asian and other population, because they're small in number. But up it's a well composed population, representative of the United States, probably less of the way population here, and also we have very good variation among the parental educational level and parent and medical status, and have a various householding

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and for their neighborhood level information I, as I mentioned, I use the where the with the Jip could address. I can connect them to their social factors, social markers. They in the later on.

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So to give you a little bit of glimpse of what kind of population? Simple that I'm dealing with. Unfortunately, we will talk a little bit more toward the end. When you're looking at this white population that is yellowish line here, as you can see, this is household education. Toward the 20 years, and from the 0 year of education of the parents you can see the wife works are skewed to the

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far right.

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and if you're looking at the Hispanic population, that is, green line. Have very good distribution over various top pockets of the word, and also educational level as well. An income level and properly level. The white folks are living in a neighborhood that there's a very limited amount of poverty in the neighborhood. So

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With that in mind. So what we trained is surprisingly what this is at the household level. H. Education is house level. Education is a parental educational level and a household income and an A represented for the neighborhood level education and neighborhood level perverted level.

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So what's surprising is that all inclusive model would it is split the sample into racial categories. So when we include all of them, a list is 66% of household education are accurately predicted with the algorithm, and it goes up to the household income. And it's what's interesting. There is a reverse relationship between that when it comes to neighborhood education level of the neighborhood is much easier

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to predict competitor income. So you can read from the outcome is say that it's easier a 76% of accuracy. We can print it to your parents at education and 77. So in the household economic level is more likely to be correct. When you train your algorithm and the neighbor level, the education is more accurate.

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Hold on. Okay, this is not too impressive. I know. Okay, 77. Okay. Just given the brain connectum data. We didn't do any other thing. Give the brain connection data, then we can predict your parents educational achievement and your neighborhood income level or neighborhood education level. Or there's approximately 77% with accuracy.

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So 200 people, 77 people out of 100, we can correctly predict where you live or what kind of household you're growing up.

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and in this measure we kind of combine the household level education with the better performance is down here. Household income level combined with the neighborhood educational level, we have 82% accuracy.

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So on 8 out of 10, we can correctly call if you're coming from well-educated a population and a real advocate neighborhood with a high income household.

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Isn't it surprising? And if you're actually looking at that subset of white forks are not well performed compared to other forks. Then the thing is, as I mentioned earlier, why? For why? Population does not have a good variation in terms of what kind of neighborhood they leave, or what kind of income level they have, or a parental education level. So the model kept failing to accurately predict with the wife works, because

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the population itself has very little variation compared to Hispanic, because Hispanic population actually live through a wide spectrum of the society. That's why, if you're looking at the result.

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the Hispanic population, the accuracy, is a lot more accurate compared to all others. This is just simply because they actually disputed almost equally a Christian society. So I mean, it's the limitation from the data. But still we say that

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your brain is really engraved by your social environment, not only your household level environment, but also your neighborhood level environment as well. So

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I know I'm not going to too much of detail of the brain data, but these are particular brain connection that distinguish those children grew up in a dis that have been as populated as a neighborhood and company. Well, all from neighborhood. Their specific connection among our brain. Reasons are highlighted. It depends on where they live, where you really live.

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So there's some of them, and most of the important pictures are clustered around the frontal, a brain and also period of rain as well. But in our

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research and I am learning out of time. But I we're gonna but you can ask me later on during the Q&amp;A session. So in this study, we systematically and improperly prove that structural connectivity in your brain is actually associated with your kind of a social environment, not on your genetic practice, but a lot of your household level culture. Also, the neighborhood level influence the way you think, the way you fire your neural network in your brain.

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And then that's one of the contribution. And also I'm not just analyzing the model, what to self analyze important structure connection, which means that it's it's not the fmri data. It's more of 5 or structure data. It's more stable and construction of the brain itself. How temporarily you respond to that! So in that I think there's one of the strength of this paper as well.

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So all in all. What I'm saying is that we are a social animal, and we cannot avoid the way we fire in our brain, because that's

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we.

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How the social condition influence in that connectum. So that's it. Thank you very much for your time. Thank you.

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Yeah.

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So our last presentation is remote from  Morea.

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the

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I,

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how do I switch too soon?

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Just what share in this? Yeah. But then you need to close this part of the.

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So

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here, yeah, just close it.

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Yeah.

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Monica Murero: good morning, everybody. I hope you can hear me clear from Italy. Good morning.

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Monica Murero: And I'm from the University of O Nina, Close to Napoleon in Italy. And today I'm about to discuss the work. And it's central to our session. The digital

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Monica Murero: okay. You see. Only that's what you're saying, right?

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Monica Murero: Okay, really restart no problem.  I will stop sharing then, and then we

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Monica Murero: upload them.

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Monica Murero: You'll see me good. Well, now it's perfect. You can see my presentation.

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Monica Murero: Yes, it's okay. Great. I'll go with this. So today, as I said, my, just let me make this down. Okay,

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Monica Murero: hmm! So again I'm on Cambrella. I'm from the University of Onina in in Italy. this is morning. So good morning and good afternoon to you. I'm presenting today and and presentations that with innovative, fragile patients care during COVID-19 and mixed future for digital health.

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Monica Murero: So I'm about to discuss a work that is central to our session, the digital health future. that's basically it's it's about the innovation that we experience during 9 COVID-19 pandemics.

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Monica Murero: but I will discuss it in the critical sense, and the study is in, in, in, shared with you at the challenges of accessibility in digital has solution for the most vulnerable population. Specifically the elderly.

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Monica Murero: And so my presentation revolves around the notion that while innovative, prescribing protocols based on user technology capabilities may have limitations in ensuring medical access for the digital illiterate and into digital network of agents can play a crucial and of overlook the role in bridging this gap.

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Monica Murero: So basically.

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Monica Murero: I would go in this mode. Okay.

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Monica Murero: so our empirical work

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Monica Murero: basically rooted around in proxyography and into digital communication theory, where you go back to this and try to shed light on the introduction of a prescription in Italy.

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Monica Murero: through a long it to do not qualitative research study conducted since March 2,020, right in the middle of the pandemic we have adopted, and a graphic approach to investigate the impact of mobile technology on both formal and invisible practices in the context of very, very care.

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Monica Murero: So this practice is often situated, and you formally drive and serve as a crucial support system beyond the conventional health processes. Okay? So okay.

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Monica Murero: so

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Monica Murero: basically, before the Covid, we know that. many, you know, people then benefit from these technologies during they call it

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Monica Murero: It's particularly in you prescribing

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Monica Murero: so. But what is what is pretty prescribing for, I mean for us in it, in 2,020, where we were hit by the call. Read the pandemic like it after China was Italy, as you might have seen, or or all the words so pictures from Italy. So we had this this technology in place, but nobody use it. Everybody like the direct contact with the doctor so, and the doctor themselves

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Monica Murero: to refuse to use this technology because they don't see didn't see the benefits. But of course, when you are in a pandemic, then they, having a in a chronic prescription which is basically prescribing. So that is basically a system that allows for electronic transmission of an accurate error free. And the standable prescription using, ICT,

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Monica Murero: I mean to to us at the time was sort of revolutions. Okay, so so what's happened? I mean, in this technology, you can send via cellular phone, actually the physical recept, or simply a number, a little number that you see here in the then the pharmacist can use in the but in scandal with the barcode. So imagine a country where nobody use. The simply went to the doll to take a paper and then go to the pharmacies.

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Monica Murero: and then in a pandemic. These really was extremely helpful, because for many, many point of view, because you could really avoid it, they contact a care place. You can really do many things. you can really in a way, and contain the prescription. But of course this is a policy right? So the policy applied that people have the smartphone that can use it, that can use the system and make it a very good work.

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Monica Murero: However, was the problem. Here is the problem in Italy. Okay, they have these protocols they met avoiding contacts, rely on users, availability to use information communication technology, but fail to reach the digital illiterate fragile sale at home, all the population in great need of medication, because these people usually have multiple chronic conditions and need daily medication.

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Monica Murero: They're, as you know, in many case, in our case, people who took care of a a fragile patient could not even reach them, so they were totally isolated in many cases. Now.

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Monica Murero: So then, what? How can you really solve this problem? Okay.

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Monica Murero: So before I tell you more about this, I just want to. Quickly. I I mentioned before our theoretical background and methods. So we we use, we look at

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Monica Murero: in situational practice and inform our work that we will write. We go there immediately. And we build on theoretical work on Mall and inter digital communication theory. So to try to understand this new form of a health relationship involving the doctors, the the patient, or they take care of the caregivers, the pharmacy. So how in a pandemic can we try to really make sure that people say it, or my, and

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Monica Murero: what's happened that we will see, then, to the future of our in our account, how this affected our society.

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Monica Murero: and of course, the, as I said, is a long it to do now, research is still going on. And so we use in this case, of course, it's discussive interview. We did it online. And we use basically preset plus the unstructured questions to to contact our sampling. So with our sample in this case. So we have

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Monica Murero: basically and a small network of care. So included 4 people. Here, you see the patient.

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Monica Murero: we have one the patient, we have the into digital mediator, and that I will talk about today.

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Monica Murero: basically. there, these are people that are over 60 years old, and they take one chronic, at least one chronic management. in this case was related to oncological conditions. Okay, so we have the patients. We have the family doctor. We have the pharmacists provided the management and the person who's mediating. So they arrived right away to

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Monica Murero: where we want to do so.

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Monica Murero: There is also baroque study that, presented as it is basically the first to 2 years. S020-20-2022, we saw many different things.

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Monica Murero: so my, basically, we observe 4 domains that are significantly influenced by new tech based practices in medication access to the early first, there is a transformation in places of care

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Monica Murero: as individual. 6 alternatives to the traditional doctor offices of for particular to the pandemic, and after

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Monica Murero: second network, connections between professional change, such as family doctors, pharmacies, caregivers being created, they have been created enabling seamless coordination and communication.

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Monica Murero: So that's all. By the aviation of technology, of course.

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Monica Murero: more or less.

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Monica Murero: Third, the the materialization of prescription has led to the redefinition of objects

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Monica Murero: and meetings eliminated the physical paper trade.

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Monica Murero: Lastly, innovative, invisible workers.

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Monica Murero: including neighbors, volunteers, pharmacy, delivery person. I am mostly in the first part of this, especially the pandemic people that never took care of other people.

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Monica Murero: because here the problem was that nobody, as you know, in the locker down nobody could go out specially. People take care of fragile, they could not reach them. So the parents, the relatives, the daughters, and and sons, were desperate to reach their their beloved. So what happened is that they went on social media, the mental Facebook and Instagram mainly, and others, of course,

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Monica Murero: in Italy. Those are the main to me that they were used to find. That's pretty people who who can go out

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Monica Murero: people working the health care system like a doctors, hospital, or people who have a company that provide food, for example, or that work in a supermarket. All these people could go out, and so there was this desperate search via social media, trying to find people that go out and make sure that they could have the E prescription totally legal if you want, because.

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Monica Murero: of course, the Me. Prescription is related to the person, the patient, or maybe the person taking care of them. So there was this interesting B to map social this out of desperation, if you want, because for one end we have a policy from one, add, we have the need of the social collectivity. So people found the people through technology. They found them

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Monica Murero: and they send them the prescription. They, these people say, Okay, I will do it, never done it. I'll do it. I go to the pharmacy. I take the medication. I'm going to bring it to the to the elderly.

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Monica Murero: And that's how it works.

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Monica Murero: So basically what we have here. So kind of, let me just move a little bit. This.

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Monica Murero: So we have. Basically, if if you go, that's never existed before. We have invisible into digital agents, invisible, of course, to the policy. So

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Monica Murero: it is essential to not that this digitally competent agents

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Monica Murero: who have become substitute for caregivers during lockdown. Sometimes the caregivers were not digitally competent. These people are so, this this invisible what they call into digital agents, meaning really like their Internet connected.

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Monica Murero: are often not recognized within the legal framework. They introduce it, prescribing.

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Monica Murero: So, despite their invisibility, our findings underscore their significant impact on the success of E medication, and consequently the access to digital health for the elderly and the all population, of course.

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Monica Murero: so their immediate role as shape. The landscape of innovating, aging during the pandemic.

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Monica Murero: influencing the future of digital health care even now in various domain, and for diverse population. ran jing from teams benefiting from serious game to the early. So here.

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Monica Murero: I'm really jumping into the future of what we are seeing today, because, hmm! A prescription. I've been extremely successfully Italy. We have millions and millions of the prescription, not only for medication, but also for taking appointment to the doctors. What's happened in many of counties may what we used to happen like United States, Estonia, Colonia, many other counties, but in the interesting is in

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Monica Murero: interestingly, in Europe, for example, there are other companies like Germany or Chicoslovakia that never use a prescription. And now they are start using it. So this is really have a a huge impact.

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Monica Murero: But at the same time, as I will, we will see you next, that this, as of accelerated phenomenal that we're already present in our society, really huge big is accelerating. So creating. So in a way, a basis for welcoming the digital

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Monica Murero: technology to some extent, because I want to be, you know, very careful in this sense, because it's not for everybody

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Monica Murero: so, but, as we will say, we are now studying the for example, digital and what I will arrive today very shortly. So what I would like to say this is, for example, that this just started for a prescription. This is, I want to give you a some economical

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Monica Murero: data, because here we are, we're wide. the the globally prescribing market. So when, of course, the this is becoming a huge market. So we we have also the company that are pushing for these, and also the technologies that that's around that. So that so we might expect it to. This will happen all over the world into the to some extent. So without the account to where, where is not Or is little diffuse. Now.

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Monica Murero: again, the prescribing market. Of course we see W. What's going on in 2,006 we have, and the most The developed part is in North America, and then, as you see in in in Europe and the northern part of the world, you know, in soon it will be more advanced, but the other are coming, as I say.

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Monica Murero: So what's the digital future? And for

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Monica Murero: Well, so can they bottom up a model like in this case of citizens using their smartphone to access it. Prescribing can have a significant impact on the future of digital health. Well, we have opportunities. But we have limits.

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Monica Murero: because, of course, as we said in this case, we saw limits, but we also saw at the city society that took over, and as we saw in many cases, really was making a difference. What is we also noticed very interestingly, is that this mediator also taught to the elderly how to, for example, now that they can go out for long.

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Monica Murero: Luckily, so sometimes they, they, the elderly, just go with the little number which is signify the electronics recept, and they go to the pharmacy themselves. So they've learned a little bit. So we also have noticed these educational I was even today, most digitally literary people. Of course. Sometimes they arrived with their all the cellular phone. They you need to. They

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Monica Murero: pharmacies. They don't know really what's going on, and so the pharmacy sometimes called their daughters and sons to try to to work it out. So there is really a it's not just the mediator. There are many mediate, or the the doctors itself is part of this mediation. The pharmacies, as I just said, it's part of this radiation. So there is really that they also side to try to support the the, the early or the digital, not

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very literally literate person. But say, as I said again, we we see it at the best.

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Monica Murero: On the other hand, in the most, a little bit more advanced the the world. In this sense we also have

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Monica Murero: they realize of serious games. For example, we are. Now, I'm I'm just I was also noticing the the previous presentation. We are also involved in artificial intelligence, application, and serious game. For example, as digital therapy, for example, we are using a serious game to make sure that a fragile adolescent are using

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Monica Murero: their their smartphone in the future. But at the moment, in an experimental settings a serious game to try to make it this size, because, as you know, to reduce the level of the stress of these children, some of asthma and associated stress disorder. And we all set the group well, that we having the metabolic disorder like in in the down syndrome. So both are

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Monica Murero: our groups that are using serious game as digital

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Monica Murero: we are. Of course we they are the we can try to introduce the prescribing with others. We can be a little bit advanced, so which the help for whom so certainly we have different in this moment to opportunities, but also limitations. Because again, I'm what we see. And it's also my personal opinion that we don't have to really push it.

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Monica Murero: You know, we really come. I I live in it mixed reality. But also we have to be, as you perfectly know, be aware that there are. There is a lot going on because

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Monica Murero: digital technology could play a crucial role in supporting people. For with, for for facilities, with disability and medic or medical condition, or even people that in this moment cannot access this technology. Because some, you know, with the technology that you can there is a lot we can do still, now that we are doing now from education to real interventions.

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Monica Murero: And the future, of course, that I see is a collection of technology that ran you from artificial intelligence, whereable technology, implantable technology, Internet of things. 5, 5G technology box Shane combined with the density the medical feed. You name it.

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Monica Murero: and of course, some of these 5 possible scenario that I, you know we can imagine as soon happening is their development, of course of remote monitoring in telemedicine, also in other countries where it's not developed. Now, care. Give us support. Also using digital technology. We see this, for example, in psychology, even consultation, more and more in countries. Now that didn't have it before.

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Monica Murero: health information access more and more. Also, there is not something new. We see this for 35 years, going up more and more. But yeah, we have it, probably we they, of course.

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Monica Murero: this information and fake news, this. So this is a very, you know, it's not easy, but but that's definitely something that people, you know, they we we see the development also there.

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Monica Murero: Digital. He can also up as a reminder in health track and end the health tracking. So this but not just for patients, for all so special is that for people involved in the in the field, for example, receiving notification when a page special patients needs immediate care. So we already see these things happening in the hospital is saving many lives in the very, very fast way.

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Monica Murero: and of course, in social support and communication. So video calls messaging apps enable Fraser people to stay in touch with family friends and health care provide this, and this could reduce the feeling of isolation enhance in emotional well being.

460
01:29:05.970 --> 01:29:30.900
Monica Murero: But again, digital tech, for whom? So I think it is essential to design not only digital tools with the user centric approach to, you know, doing amazing things, for with preventing help is perfectly fine. But we also have to keep in mind, in my opinion that we have to develop human center policy like we saw in this case. Okay, so

461
01:29:30.900 --> 01:29:53.830
Monica Murero: we really have to make sure that or help. But policymakers have to create humans and the policy otherwise, as we see in this case that they a again the social the structure. In this case a could help. But it's not always the case. So we have to try to make it a little bit in the, in the, in the design of these policy that then affect our future

462
01:29:53.830 --> 01:30:13.480
Monica Murero: because we have to concede that there are unique needs and unique limitations, especially for fragile patients. But without forgetting this is a huge population. So we should really put these in the center of the agenda, so providing user friendly interfaces simplified in structural intuitive feature.

463
01:30:13.480 --> 01:30:30.789
Monica Murero: and these are some of the solution that can ensure that these technologies are accessible and usable and beneficial to patients and their family, because in people around these at the value and with varying levels of digital literacy, of course.

464
01:30:31.080 --> 01:30:41.840
Monica Murero: So in conclusion, my presentation I' to shed light on the hidden dynamics and interpolate between technological advancement in formal practices

465
01:30:41.850 --> 01:30:52.600
Monica Murero: and the care of fragile patients during the COVID-19 crisis and beyond, of course, but recognizing the invaluable contributions of digital competent

466
01:30:52.600 --> 01:31:14.810
Monica Murero: into digital edges, we can create a more inclusive and effective digital health ecosystem. So together, we cannot be get that mixed future, I think, is this very important. It's not that everybody has to use new technology, because we have to make sure that this is a mixed future. Because we saw people coming back to the family doctor because there is a humanity there

467
01:31:14.810 --> 01:31:36.769
Monica Murero: they you cannot talk to embarrassing things with the new technologies. Another phenomenon we saw, so we need to to cope with the mixed future that is still evolving. But we can try to make the best of it and try to ensure that innovation service, the needs of all individuals, regardless of their technological literacy or vulnerability.

468
01:31:36.870 --> 01:31:38.160
Monica Murero: Thank you very much.

469
01:31:43.580 --> 01:31:56.880
Thank you very much, Monica. And now we have a Q. And a discussion, and I invite all the other speakers on the podium, and Monica will be here also online, and we can ask questions to her as well.

470
01:31:59.150 --> 01:32:01.179
But would you ask

471
01:32:01.310 --> 01:32:06.839
if you ask questions? Please use the microphones or the people on the zoom can also hear it.

472
01:32:09.890 --> 01:32:37.030
Hi! My question is for Dr. Xin, and thank you very much for your fascinating presentation. We learned that our social environment is shipping the way. How we think so. My first question is, could you elaborate more on what the cognitive patterns of people from different socio-economic status categories are like, like, How do rich middle class and deprived people typically think.

473
01:32:37.150 --> 01:32:49.270
And the second question is, I'm curious about how our social environment influence influence our cognitive patterns. So what are the mechanisms like? In short, in your opinion? Thank you.

474
01:32:50.280 --> 01:32:51.680
Yeah.

475
01:32:52.210 --> 01:33:15.999
thank you very much for very tough questions, because, I am very all the on to analyze this data. So I really, I try to not to make a judgmental reading of the of the findings that I have, let's say, like, poor thing, this way where the reach think that way. that's not what I'm trying to get at. But

476
01:33:16.000 --> 01:33:44.190
what I can say is that when you at this all paper started with the newspaper article coming from like San Francisco, there was a young boy who was watching, really, really touching video client. But and he says, What do you feel? And the researcher asked, and he said nothing. Am I supposed to fill something? And all other children's were crying with that video clip? So I thought, Oh, that's very interesting that I realized the King do it like growing up in a really violent neighborhood.

477
01:33:44.379 --> 01:33:58.990
So I the probably it might be easier for him to numb down all the sensitivity about the emotional part. It' be easier for him to survive in the neighborhood. So I was thinking, like growing up in a certain kind of environment. May

478
01:33:58.990 --> 01:34:24.080
like, you know the way we why your our brain could be influenced by the social conditions. So we all started from that very anecdotal experience. We found empirically that certain part of our break connection is highlighted for those people living in a wealthy or environment compared to others and those people who are disadvantages educationably, definitely. But

479
01:34:24.080 --> 01:34:43.269
we do not want to like. Say, that kind of connection in our brain dictate the way we think about it, but it's a certain possibility. If they grew up in that kind of neighborhood for longer than 10 years, it might shape the way we see the word conservative, liberal, whatever

480
01:34:43.270 --> 01:34:58.409
But we as a sociologist, we do not make that kind of call as of now, because brain connection is just a connection with that firing of certain reason you can actually think about many different things. So with that brain data I cannot really

481
01:34:58.500 --> 01:35:03.849
detail at. Can I give you any detailed picture of it? Unfortunately. And then

482
01:35:03.900 --> 01:35:20.099
what was the second question? The mechanism of it? I I actually had a conversation with my colleague at New South Wales, in the Sydney, and she was telling me, obviously there are 10 years old, kid. Then the mechanism that we don't have the data in our data set is about their fear group in the school.

483
01:35:20.360 --> 01:35:37.920
So probably they interact a lot with the what education they get from the elementary school as well as the first. It might influence, because I didn't really go over to the because of the finding. But what's really surprising is that it's more easier for us to predict accurately the neighborhood educational level

484
01:35:38.150 --> 01:35:56.850
compared to household education. Like 10% more accurate, we can predict what kind of neighborhood educational level you're living in. So I think a lot of them indicate indirectly about the schooling system in the neighborhood may influence heavily in our brain. Connector. Thank you for the question.

485
01:35:58.379 --> 01:35:59.920
The other request.

486
01:36:10.110 --> 01:36:27.339
I'm Kathryn, we're Katharine, we from the Trev University. my question is for Monica I'm just interested in. If you've thought about the ways in which the focus on the digitally literate intermediaries. If I remember the term correctly, how that might interact with kind of neoliberal tendencies

487
01:36:27.360 --> 01:36:34.919
to put the burden of health care back onto the members of the community rather than providing it by the state.

488
01:36:37.559 --> 01:36:50.880
Monica Murero: Okay, I'm I'm just refusing, because I'm I didn't hear part of the of the questions. So I I what I heard is something that if this solution in a way.

489
01:36:51.010 --> 01:36:53.660
Monica Murero: included the

490
01:36:53.750 --> 01:37:17.489
Monica Murero: at least a preview to include the community as well something like that, because I couldn't hear you, can you? Or you can just refresh it, please. yeah. So it's about putting the burden of health care and the care for elderly citizens onto members of the community. and the tension in terms of the neoliberal tendency to do that as opposed to providing health care by the state

491
01:37:18.420 --> 01:37:23.250
Monica Murero: that makes sense. Thank you for the question. This is exactly the point, because.

492
01:37:23.340 --> 01:37:45.270
Monica Murero: the policy was sort of written, you know. So there was no, it was just say, Okay, people have it can use this technology. So there was not really at the time, you know, imagine that when it was just to introduce everybody was in lockdown, so nobody could, or go out or ask help

493
01:37:45.270 --> 01:38:09.079
Monica Murero: about this sort was really kind of left in the hands of the social structure. All the all the people that luckily organize themselves there was no in the in. The policy was simply okay. You can now do that, you can now use it prescribing there was no policy, and even afterwards there was not really a something, that is, it was a.

494
01:38:09.660 --> 01:38:39.120
Monica Murero: This kind of burden was organizing some to form a structure. It was really something that was jumped. It's sort of, you know, emergency policy. But lucky, then, was extremely successful, because then people okay not only got the burden, but also get the benefits, because they say, Oh, good! Then I don't have to go and and make stay in line for hours to to the family doctors, or because some just

495
01:38:39.120 --> 01:38:49.419
Monica Murero: stay there, or just to take an appointment. So I can do. I can use this time just to do whatever I want. So all also interesting interestingly, we see that the

496
01:38:52.330 --> 01:39:19.049
Monica Murero: attribution of time and space because People then can take care of more. For example, take care of us that have to go so often for to go to the doctor to take medication, or things now can take their time to for their for the you months or so to say. But this definitely is a burden that was completely left today to the society.

497
01:39:20.580 --> 01:39:23.660
Monica Murero: I hope I can. I've heard I have answer your question.

498
01:39:24.040 --> 01:39:26.260
Yeah, thank you. That was very helpful. Thanks.

499
01:39:28.110 --> 01:39:29.839
Any other questions.

500
01:39:30.260 --> 01:39:31.000
and

501
01:39:32.560 --> 01:39:41.439
well, thanks for all the amazing talks by having questions for

502
01:39:41.610 --> 01:39:47.109
you. You mentioned about how they've flourished their online committee

503
01:39:47.190 --> 01:39:49.200
about the Eastern health.

504
01:39:49.270 --> 01:39:56.650
But I am curious about our profession's intention to engage in those on my communities, because

505
01:39:56.780 --> 01:39:58.140
Where the

506
01:39:58.170 --> 01:40:08.289
patients they always look for out of information. But what are the intentions to professions to get into those interact

507
01:40:08.490 --> 01:40:12.680
like intimately interaction through the online?

508
01:40:13.970 --> 01:40:16.200
Okay? So

509
01:40:17.200 --> 01:40:21.709
 I don't know yet.

510
01:40:21.820 --> 01:40:24.599
because I don't have enough participants.

511
01:40:25.140 --> 01:40:44.279
So I think the the idea what I think it's all about is that you know, it's a chance to share information to learn from people in other places. So things like attending professional conferences, you know, nursing conferences, medical conferences. People have to travel great distances. They're very expensive.

512
01:40:44.670 --> 01:41:06.429
but through things like Twitter, like we've got the hashtag for our conference. They can follow a hashtag, and they can see all the talks coming up. What are people talking now and then. They can make connections with those people online without having to travel. The distances be away from work, you know. Things being recorded, they can catch up on online. So they can make these connections much easier

513
01:41:06.580 --> 01:41:08.709
with people in other places.

514
01:41:09.160 --> 01:41:10.749
so that might be

515
01:41:10.780 --> 01:41:19.510
expanding their clinical practice and expertise and knowledge. It might be things like writing papers together. It might be things like job opportunities.

516
01:41:19.630 --> 01:41:28.439
you know, to go somewhere and study at another university, or go and practice in another hospital. So it's really expanding those networks, I think, is a big part of it.

517
01:41:28.630 --> 01:41:35.669
something I'm really interested in, and we haven't seen a lot yet is I've been asking about

518
01:41:35.750 --> 01:41:45.700
when things go wrong. Are people in these kind of closed groups because a lot of them are, you know you have to have a particular qualification, or be in a particular group.

519
01:41:46.690 --> 01:41:50.739
Are they in these groups saying, I'm having doubts about being

520
01:41:50.890 --> 01:41:52.050
a doctor?

521
01:41:52.340 --> 01:41:59.349
I've had an an error at work, and I need to talk about it. I need to debrief.

522
01:41:59.590 --> 01:42:06.440
I think there's possibility for that in those spaces, but I don't know that there's very much of it yet.

523
01:42:07.780 --> 01:42:09.509
Thank you so much. Pleasure

524
01:42:12.010 --> 01:42:18.439
questions to the a fascinating presentation. We've enjoyed it.

525
01:42:18.990 --> 01:42:26.100
What would be your social policy implications of your research result?

526
01:42:26.330 --> 01:42:30.679
I'm asking this question because at least in Korea and Korea

527
01:42:30.880 --> 01:42:34.829
there is very high correlation between

528
01:42:35.010 --> 01:42:41.420
the family of education and income plus neighborhood income and education.

529
01:42:41.970 --> 01:42:44.730
and maybe

530
01:42:45.170 --> 01:42:46.440
presumably

531
01:42:46.500 --> 01:42:52.410
the correlation with the development of the children.

532
01:42:52.470 --> 01:42:54.270
maybe

533
01:42:54.540 --> 01:43:02.800
if you, we follow the logic of this, this will lead to kind of a progressive conclusion. That is.

534
01:43:03.140 --> 01:43:06.009
the wealthier the smarter families will have.

535
01:43:06.020 --> 01:43:12.009
you know, well developed the brains of the children, or good performance at school, and so on.

536
01:43:12.060 --> 01:43:14.670
And that means that if

537
01:43:14.790 --> 01:43:24.020
the social structure does not allow, like a vertical mobility, that it kind of reinforces the inequality

538
01:43:24.050 --> 01:43:38.800
intergenerationally. So it's very, very interesting, resolved. But what would be your suggestion as a company if you were a policymaker? And what would be? What can socially do to this?

539
01:43:39.110 --> 01:43:54.430
thank you very much for the question. yes, definitely, because I'm used in in our paper. We use the data from the United States, which have much wider lower population density, and also their variance

540
01:43:54.430 --> 01:44:20.159
a most social strategy. But yeah, when you're thinking about the Korea, where some places like Japan, extremely high density, population and neighborhood level. the difference may not be well pronounced. The compared to the United States or the larger country like Australia. So I think, and also in South Korea we have, like overall, very education driven culture in there. So

541
01:44:20.350 --> 01:44:39.639
I think what's surprising from the finding from the United States which it could be surprising also promising is that it's more you, more neighborhood rather than your household. That's what we are finding in the paper so definitely. If you are not well off, it's better for like

542
01:44:39.710 --> 01:44:51.719
that are also living in a better neighborhood rather than being the reach your keyed in the poor neighborhood way. That that's the implicit it could be. But in South Korea

543
01:44:51.850 --> 01:45:10.219
the neighborhood level, like it's really clustered around the Kangnam area specific area with the wealth of people, and then they could reinforce the kind of intergenerational, the social influence beneficial to that and also household level resources as well. So it's really.

544
01:45:11.050 --> 01:45:22.449
it's really tough question. I don't think I have a good answer to that. But we need to really think about that, and also the positive side of it. It's really not about the nutrition itself, the way you.

545
01:45:23.920 --> 01:45:45.339
the way you developed the connection in our brain. So I think one of the thing is, we can think about the schooling program. How well we enhance the do you said about as a pop neighborhood. We may provide a better schooling education system. They could be buffer the kind of neighborhood or native neighborhood level disadvantage can.

546
01:45:45.350 --> 01:45:47.790
I don't know. Like in a way that

547
01:45:48.570 --> 01:45:59.020
helped from the school schooling program. But I need to think about the more that thank you for the good question. Yeah, you just test me another homework, I guess. Thank you.

548
01:46:00.200 --> 01:46:15.150
So I think we run out of time now. So I want to thank again all the presenters for the amazing presentations and the participants for your questions and for participating in this session. Thank you very much.