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Thank you very much. Okay, good morning everyone. My name is Jeremy Dixon. I'm a senior lecturer in social work at the University of Bath.

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I'm also the vice-chair of this research group so welcome this morning. Thanks very much for making the effort and getting here for 8 30.

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I appreciate it particularly when people get the chance to socialise the night before. So I'm going to be speaking this morning about exploring romantic need as a part of mental health social care practice.

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So the presentation I'm giving this morning is based on a paper which came out last week. And is also attached.

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To the program if you'd like to see it. And it's written by Professor Rachel Forrester Jones Beth James and I

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So as an introduction The topic of romantic love has been the subject of literature since ancient times. Since this is a slight typo it should be 2,500 BC and it remains a topic of discussion.

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For philosophers and or sociologists. And we know just in everyday terms that the issue about romance and romantic relationships is quite a dominant theme in the media and something we see.

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As being sort of central to a lot of societies. The concept of romantic love is contested.

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But it's been defined as a desire for an attachment to another which is intimate and reciprocal.

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And There haven't been an enormous amount of studies looking at. People with mental health problems experiences of romantic relationships.

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When we were doing the literature review for this paper we found a couple of systematic reviews mainly of quantitative studies which were looking at the issue.

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And to give an example there was a quantitative systematic review which had 43 articles looking at issues.

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Of romantic relationships, a sexual intimacy, but only 2 That's how these articles focused on the issue of romantic relationships.

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And most of the papers were looking at things like obstacles to intimacy, such as things like sexual dysfunction from psychiatric medication and those types of issues.

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Although the literature is quite limited in some senses there are a few things which can be taken from it.

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A number of papers identify that the need to meet a loving partner is seen as quite important for people with mental health problems.

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And an example is this is a paper by Mukan in 2,010 which was researched with 30 people diagnosed with mental health problems.

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And found that 83% of those wished for a romantic relationship. The issue of of romance has also been seen as key to recovery by some groups.

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And also comes up to some extent in policy which I'll discuss next.

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So this study is set in England. And The mental health policy, which is the government one, talks about social relationships as being central to recovery within mental health services but it's also a statutory outcome of the Care Act.

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So the care at 2,014 is a piece of legislation which is introduced to provide social care to adults and one of the central pillars of that piece of legislation is that we ought to be promoting well-being of individuals.

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So romantic relationships again is something in relationships in general is something which is seen as important within that framework.

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However, services don't tend to consider the issue of romantic relationship or needs as priorities. And there have been some studies when you look around which look at increasing people's social networks.

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Such as social clubs or job initiatives but few which look at romance specifically. The picture here is a bit of an exception in actual fact.

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So this is from a mental health charity mind which does give some advice on managing mental health in relationships. But there's very little really when you passed around.

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So what am I going to be? Talking about today. Well, let's. Talk about the methods that we used.

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And the research questions.

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So we conducted this as a pilot study really to try and support a larger bid in the future. And we did focus groups with people with mental health problems and also with carers and mental health professionals.

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We initially tried to recruit people through a mental health housing provider. In England. That didn't turn out to be very successful for one reason and another they weren't great at sort of getting people to take part so in the end we ended up also recruiting through some mental health groups.

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In the same town and that that appeared to be more successful. We had 3 research questions, which is what experiences do people with mental health problems have as regard to romantic relationships?

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When we took this to our patient and public information group they were saying well actually maybe you ought to broaden that out a bit to talk about relationships more generally and close relationships with which we did do as well but we were interested particularly in romantic relationships and we also wanted to know what family members and carers felt about this and

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also professionals what their view was. About supporting people. So we use thematic analysis to analyze the data and Ethics was gained through the Research Ethics Committee.

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So with the findings, I'm going to talk in this presentation about what people with mental health problems said primarily largely because when I was preparing this I thought I only had 15 min although I think because somebody's dropped out we're a bit more relaxed about time than We anticipated.

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So I'll just talk about the. So when we talk to the service user groups, we did this in 3 lots of focus groups.

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All of them acknowledged and talked about the importance of romantic relationships in their lives. They felt that it was important for confidence.

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For having general support. So there's a couple of examples here. So Adam says someone to confide in someone to support you and you can support to share your day with.

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Barry also talked about the Support you got from physical contact on a nightly basis.

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So we had 3 themes. Key themes which came out of the service user group. So the first one was romantic relationships as an unavailable entity.

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So one of the issues that people talked about was mental health symptoms. And side effects as being problematic. So lots of people perceived mental health problems as unattainable or difficult to develop, mainly because of the symptoms such as anxiety or maybe hearing voices.

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But also because of the lethargy that they may get from psychiatric medication and also worries about sexual performance as a result of psychiatric medication.

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So there's a. Oh come on to some of the issues around self stigma. Sorry, some of the issues around, disclosure are that later on, but there's 2 issues here which are just worth mentioning.

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So One of them is self stigma. So people in the groups tended to differentiate. Between themselves as people who had mental health problems and other people who they sort of characterized as normal.

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So this is an example of that. So Gabby says, if I were to meet someone, I prefer they weren't mentally ill.

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And wouldn't like to have a relationship with another schizophrenic. But I'd like to meet someone who would take me out of that a normal person.

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A person who doesn't suffer with mental health problems so I could live their way instead of worrying an anxiety.

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So this was quite typical of quite a few people who were saying, well, It would be quite complicated if you were to have relationship with with someone with mental health problems because you'd be having to deal with their problems as well.

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It wasn't the only point of view which people brought up some people felt that it could be beneficial because people would also have an understanding.

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Of the kinds of difficulties that you might encounter.

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The other thing which came up was social stigma. So. This was particularly the case with people who experienced psychosis so they identified that Quite often if they were to make that they had psychosis people would misinterpret that to mean that they may be violent or aggressive.

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And they also identified that people would be reluctant to form relationships with them because they might say it is being particularly burdensome.

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So James said here I had one girlfriend when I became unwell but then I got sectioned which in England means being detained under Mintal Health Law.

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And I spent a year in hospital. She stayed with me about 3, 4 months and I think when she just couldn't cope with it.

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So we called it a day and that was the end of that really. It was just too much for her.

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So this came up in a few of the focus groups which we held.

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So the second theme was that people spoke about romantic relationships. In

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Sorry, first thing this story is a sub theme of the first scene. People talked about romantic themes being dashed.

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So for many of our sample, a combination of past rejections and knowledge of how stigma might affect social relationships.

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Had an impact on their confidence to engage in romantic relationships. So this is illustrated by what Isaac says here.

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He says, I think if you have a mentor illness you have relapses and that affects your stability so it's hard to go forward in your life.

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So you kind of maybe get left behind because I know my friends have kind of left me behind a bit so it may be hard to get relationships for that reason because you're not moving on so yeah it's definitely a miners.

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You you are more outside society.

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And as I alluded to in the last slide, disclosure of mental health issues was seen to be an issue.

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So this is illustrated in this following exchange so Gabby says it's probably best to keep it to yourself to be honest and Isaac says no it's going to come out one day you know so why lie to that person all the time it's best to be honest and lay your cards on the table.

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So there was mixed views about this to be honest. So on the one hand some people were saying and you should get to know the person first so they get to know the real you and then disclose further down the line.

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Whereas other people were saying, well actually if you disclose too late it could be seen as dishonesty and it's better to sort of get it out early.

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But it was a dilemma in any case for the people who we spoke to.

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So theme 2 is a lack of opportunities and support from services for romantic relationships. So, people who had mental health problems were a bit ambiguous about whether they wanted to receive support.

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From services around romantic relationships. And so romance was seen as a private affair. So Barry here says care workers are people like anyone else and you're kind of asking them for advice on romance.

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I don't know, that's their life as well. They're going to draw from their own life and knowledge and their romantic life might be private to them.

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I think it's a bit tricky that kind of thing. And when we spoke to people about what support they got, most of them felt that they didn't get any support.

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From services around romantic relationships and as I said people were ambiguous so some people said yes that would be helpful.

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And other people said that they didn't really want to go there. The next Sub-theme here is lack of places and spaces to meet a romantic.

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Partner

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So. In England a lot of the day centres and community centres have closed down over the years and this was seen to have an impact.

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Here so Charles says caring the community has huge cuts especially day centers because day centers say give you a chance to mix and meet people and do group therapy like a certiveness training or anxiety management.

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Confidence building and to meet people and that's all gone. So people talked about maybe other ways of meeting people, but again people were quite mixed about whether they ought to maybe engage in dating agencies or other ways of meeting people in in the community and there was some discussion amongst groups about whether it would be beneficial to have mental health sort of dating agencies and

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ways to meet people and some people were were very keen on that idea and other people were totally against it so again there was quite a mixture of opinions here.

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So thirdly, the importance of long-term relationships. So people spoke about sticking by me. So here we're talking about and Some people said that in the long term, having friends who would stick by me and help them was was helpful and they also mentioned depleted social networks.

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I'm going to skip past this a bit because I'm running out of time.

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So in brief carers and professionals, carers felt that romantic relationships were valuable but worried about their the people that they care for being vulnerable particularly to financial abuse or to sexual exploitation.

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They largely felt it would be useful for services to support the people that they were working with. Mental health professionals largely hadn't really thought about supporting people with romantic relationships and so when we brought up the subject they were like, oh yeah, well that is really important but I don't know why we never thought of it.

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But they tended to identify quite a high level of squeamishness about supporting people. That could be for a number of reasons so sometimes people said well actually people with mental health problems are quite fragile we wouldn't really want to encourage them to develop relationships when they're at a good point in their recovery and people were also quite reluctant

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to talk about sexual relationships. With people who they supported. So.

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In brief, a discussion of conclusion. Service user participants expressed a wish and need for romantic relationships. And it was also seen as important by carers and professionals largely hadn't really thought about it.

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But identified it was important and maybe that was something they should be doing. And people with Thanks to health problems particularly talked about barriers performing and maintaining relationships.

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And the views differed between the 3 groups that we spoke to. Despite policy and guidance there's very little in the way of support for people with mental health problems to developed relationships.

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So we had sort of 3 main conclusions from this. We feel that there should be a sort of larger, broader mixed methods study to look at this issue.

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Drawing on the literature from intellectual disabilities or learning disabilities field there are some things practical steps that services can take to support these types of relationships.

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There's a literature that can be transposed if you like. And in the absence of facilities. That other things should be considered such as social platforms.

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There's one for people with Lone Disabilities in England for example called Reclaim the Night so there are ways in which meeting people could be facilitated for people with mental health problems So, yeah, thank you very much.

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Over to the chest.

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I'm the organizer of this chair for session. Will be made, but I think we took time for the few.

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Questions please? So it's open for some questions.

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There are no questions from the audience. I would have one question several years ago. British government stated that they took the problem of social isolation, general population is so important.

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That they implemented an own ministry and secretary of loneliness in the British government. And maybe there is some measures or some interventions.

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Done from this side helping people also with mental illness? Yeah, there was a drive to address loneliness.

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I mean, oddly that drive came from the ministry in culture so it didn't come through health services so the 2 things haven't really joined up and spoken to one another in policy terms.

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But I mean there are some drives I think through you know having greater community groups and things like that but that hasn't quite taken off yet so it hasn't really affected mental health services as such.

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I would say And what do you think? Would you, do you think that is maybe more than a problem of Therapeutic intervention, helping people maybe to adapt a little more to this particular situation and doing going not into this trap of saying oh I will not have any relationship with other people with mental illness I'm looking

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for relationships for healthy people but that is good. Rather difficult because relationships to healthy people are difficult. And.

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Yes, is it a problem of therapy or therapeutic intervention or do you think it's a problem of society?

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Maybe it's necessary to. Provide more information about mental illness on society to help people not to refuse and yeah I think it's probably it's a bit of both really so I think there's If we look at the studies around.

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Social distancing about the groups.

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The public would wish to social distance from, we see that there's a difference between different types of mental health problems.

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So I think there's been a big drive to destigmatize mental health in the last few years but the research tends to show that people who increasingly sympathetic to people maybe with depression or anxiety.

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But still want to maintain quite a high degree of social distance from people who have psychosis. And I think the stereotypes remain around that group.

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I mean, anecdotally, my best. Friend from college is has mental health problems and he would say that you know people just think you're violent if you if you disclose a diagnosis.

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So I think there still needs to be some work done around that issue maybe in terms of public education. But I think people, with mental health problems would largely benefit from the range of options about ways they could engage with people.

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So I think actually having more social forums is helpful and also may you be specially estating agencies I'm still still thinking this one.

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Out really. I think in other countries we were looking around they do exist and with people with learning disabilities and autism in the UK there has been some efforts to you know try and match make people but Professionals are still very reluctant to do that so unless there's a specific program I don't think it's going

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to happened just off of goodwill. Okay, yes, please. And the Osunsami is my name from Glennes University.

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If our Texas representation and congratulations will be published data. I have a maybe a documentary mark to the previous question because you were talking about the self and social stigma so maybe that the question was about The public's big one.

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Want to look into. Yeah, I think people identify both of those things. I think people identified both of those things so I think people identified that the public stigmatized.

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I think people identified that the public stigmatized them but they also there was also the issue of self stigma in the sense that people differentiated themselves from people with so the sort, you know, people as being sort of normal or abnormal or some people do.

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So And in one of the examples I was talking about people saying I wouldn't want to have a mental health problem with somebody else who had a man sorry I wouldn't want to have a relationship with somebody who had a mental health problems.

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So that's what we were talking about with self stigma. Yeah, I don't know.

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I mean, I don't really have an answer to that. I think it's quite difficult and maybe it is a matter of preference.

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I mean, I wouldn't want to have a relationship with another academic, for example, necessarily just because you don't want to talk about all this.

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Things that you go through every day with with somebody with the same experiences so you know I think maybe that's just something that's okay but yeah, I think the there does need to be more opportunities or support to me a range of different people

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Quick. Same one. Maybe one quick. Okay, and no I was wondering but maybe it was not released I don't think you'll come across about maybe it was not released I don't know if you'll come across about LGBTQI bus community.

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Versals have, 75 feet even harder. Maybe I don't need to. Yeah. We didn't really look at LGBT.

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We didn't really look at LGBT plus. I mean, I think if we were thinking about doing it as a bid and we were trying to get somebody on board who's got expertise in that area so I don't think there's much more I can add other than what you said you know that there may also

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be extra barriers for people. As well, we think about different intersexual inequalities. So yeah.

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What can I say now? I think they have to go to the next presentation which comes via the internet.

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And this Veneta from India who was speaking who are speaking of seclusion social security and

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Starting this focus on women in prison. And I hope that you can see later now.

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Benita, how are you? Can you hear us or see us? Can she see me?

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So.

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Hi, I can hear you.

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Hi.

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Hi Benita, how are you this morning? OK, what happened in India, please?

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And topic today is instruction. I'm going to discuss this in the context of

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Hi. I can hear you very well. It's 4 ATM here.

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Well, in the presence of.

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Yeah.

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Okay, then please excuse me for being a little late, but please start your presentation.

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Yeah, yeah, it's going to be online. So you can just, anticipation.

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I'm here for requests.

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Cool.

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This is all the by the way the concept of mental health and culture differences. Then, is tied on the conceptualization of the entire research.

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Followed by objects and research questions, methodology, data presentation, findings. Demonstration in which we have if you

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Okay, studies on how mental health has been affected by the present conditions. Oh yeah, also had some charts or graphs which also shows that the relationship between the variables.

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You have, analysis and conclusion and preferences.

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No, coming to the introduction. Have contextual license in the context of you can set up. Individualism and contract to collectivism which is which has been discussed largely because Can you understand the, cultures?

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Cultures are generally divided between categories individually as well as sculpture is. Understand it better we can say that the Asian or South Asian countries are known for their collective which is emphasizing on the family and group goals while the US and the Western Europe are not for their individual status, emphasizing it in individual achievements at the cost

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of group, starting in a sense, competition. So when individuals in collector with societies feel social detection.

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People in the individualistic society, cultures are susceptible to lawliness. This is what this is what.

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That people are much more concerned about what others think about me while in So having much more concentrated on So early researchers, if you see who wants and most cancer studies have assumed that these are 2 extremes of spectrum.

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Well, the recent study says they're not it's teams, but they are sometimes co-existing.

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A given culture or the foundation towards individualism or collectivism as being considered or found to be have behavioral consequences on the culture of the.

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So when it comes to the mental health and cultural differences.

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It is. it's, being understood. Today, mental well being is understood in terms of How, if, 4 factors?

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Ranging from headeristic experiences, self enhancement, autonomy and context. When it comes to individualistic societies, they are much more focused on heteronistic experiences that means of cells and well being are connected to each other where a positive effect on the self is something which is marked with where when it comes to

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collector that just doesn't it's much more communal and spiritual virtues that are my advertisements.

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When it comes to self enhancement. The individual societies have a self-record in a central feature of which becomes a central feature of So, where when it comes to, the collectivistic some cultures that is much more self-improvement and sales transcendence, which becomes more suitable strategies

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for When it comes to water make in the individual societies people are highly orthonormous and they prefer mastery over dentils and their dads and they have a primary control over their self.

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Which becomes an indicator of where in collectivity realistic societies it's much more a balanced value.

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Or it becomes an autonomous goal. It is balanced against central values of interpersonal harmony and adjustment.

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In terms of context it becomes emphasizing internal feelings or personal choices and will power which becomes an indicator of well being in individualistic countries where when it comes to collectivity currency cultures it is much more about appreciation of the importance of contextual factors when determining well-being.

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To conceptualize this, research. Did I see the, the changes in the Indian society?

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And this is much more traditional in Asia where, much more extended or they used to have an external family staying together.

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We and people were in independent where roles of each one of the individual and in the family are also But you see the Northern Society there are multiple changes which are society later which had cause, which may teach us this, the fact need to be much more nuclear in it.

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You have socioeconomic changes. There are actually changes in the family. The changes in the socialization values and upgrading practices that increase in autonomy.

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Which are all features of modern. No, if you look at the women in this, They have, since they are part of this modern society, they are, increased autonomy.

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That means you have increased a quarter in a year. Then you have blues, family ties and changes in socialization styles that are up to changes in the family, changes in social tools and statuses and so in their personal dependence which are characteristics of Do you mean in this modern society that means they are less dependent on others?

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They are much more auto numbers. They have, they their own role in their family and society by making their own link or bringing the learning or bringing their learning or bringing their learning or playing significant roles in new exciting.

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Now, which brings us to the problem statements. That is, today's women are more isolated. And confined to close groups.

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Although they care for social approval. A guidance to collective values have increased. When such women come in conflict with No, their mental health come atstick.

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As I mentioned earlier, we had a study this meeting being focused in the context of citizens in one in a few presence in India.

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There's the objective is to explore the extent of individualism and women in prisons. To explore the nature of individualized collective tendencies in presence.

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To assess the impact of institutional seclusion on the mental health of human

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Research questions are what are the changes in the family and social ties that they may in person self undergoing?

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How does this instructors and programs reinforce collectivists and individual smalls? How has institutional secession effectively when the help of many prisoners.

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Yeah.

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So it is the research methodology here. The design was descriptive and exploratory in nature.

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Because when it comes to, do research and presence, they are limited in nature and comes to mental health in this room, which is also.

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Limited in nature. Though there are few studies. I don't say there are no studies, but when it comes to the social changes at its impact on Mandela.

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Exactly.

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One-the-artical assumptions here was a highly seconded and indigenous life in prison would contribute to disruptions in epistemological assumptions.

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The impact of imprisonment can be witnessed in terms of poor adjustment to imprisonment. Socially veteran nature and at times diagnosis of my discounts.

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Or you will understand what I mean by diagnosis of various kinds of mental disorder as we go ahead. 5 resources which were in that interviews which were conducted on the 15 female inmates who had sentenced to reverse in prison in in the presence of Kayla in India.

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So why 15 because at that time of time when I conducted the study there were 1 1 7 female inmates in this state of Which way they were distributed a month.

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3 women presence and one. No, out of this 1 one prisoners, 1 1 7 business, 58 were convicted and rest.

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Under jazz. No, out of this 58 have 4 focused only on those who are at for rigorous investment because they are the ones who will be.

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Oh, staying for it considerable amount of time in presence which makes the the count to almost 35.

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Of which if you have already been on That means they are not available. That is when I married the 15 female. Then we're 17 or 18.

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But then there are I had, but then there was not much later for us to bring it into the table.

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To the interviews that are also conducted with other key informants like this and staff, some mental health professionals.

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K studies we are conducted on 5 inmates who are diagnosed with mental illness. Which will also be used for

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Second resources, like published articles, present records. Books, official reports, etc, where were also used for video decoration.

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DATE presentations and K-finings. These are few findings which I found from the One, most of the prisoners are part part of the nuclear family.

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Most of them have committed crimes during the or the phase of their adulthood. In large number of women in citizens have committed crimes along with their male partners.

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Now, what does that mean? That means these men had been supporting them for encouraging them while they were.

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Until the time of commission. But then Many of them have either no contact with their families, even the male partners who were initially in touch with them.

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Even the male partners who were initially in touch with them have also started avoiding them or have lost in touch with them.

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These screens were committed either for want of a better future for a scaping their daily struggles which they are facing on a daily basis.

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Then compare to male inmates, women are often rejected by the family and are punished or pushed to solitude.

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As I mentioned that these Femin as soon as they come in contact with the criminal justice system. They have lost space with their The only exception being those women who have young children.

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They these women are still in touch with these young children but then again the young children here need to depend on other family members or other significant others who can make them make Otherwise, it is only when they do.

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So that means daily or the the the meetings which take happens at tabular intervals does not happen for many of these women.

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There is a strong relationship between the number of years spent in prisons and one's relationship with significant others in the department.

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They more than the number of US which is spent in the prisons. The data shows that the relationship decreases.

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This instructors are also rooted on much more in terms of disciplining and controlling and playing inways.

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Fine and enforcing seclusion which also results in unlimited constructive tasks which are available in. Why say so is that?

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When it comes to female presence. One, the staff conditions are low. That means to control these prisoners is something where the officers are focused on.

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When it comes to Mini since their numbers are lesser, the status and focus on that. So when it comes to most of the business rehabilitative practices are limited to the general lack of sufficient or efficient programs in prisons have a larger impact when they're health of women inmates.

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Now I'm saying this in in in the comparison to their mail counterparts. When it comes to main presence where the numbers are high or there are more programs which are available.

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Which also helps them getting engaged in something while they stay in prison. The relationship one has with Significant others coupled with institutional

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No, these are the 5 cases which I said of which 4 of them are were diagnosed with ways.

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The psychiatric in this one is a case which is similar conditions but not diagnosed. You can see that the number of, the number of years spent in prison which is 17 to 2016.

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These are the number of years and all of them were long timers. And you can see that their introduction with the outside world is nil.

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And the diagnosis is between for 42 52 years. That means the more the time the person is spends in prison without contact with outside world the chances of them being diagnosis diagnosed with various mandolin disorders like here in the case of these 4 cases it is depression and dissociative personality disorder.

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She's a video depression. And more disorders. We can also see that in 2 cases there is a combination.

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To know when it comes to treatment all of them are undergoing medications for a considerable amount of time.

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There are different ways in which their body has been responding to treatment. The fifth case, yeah, and they've taken it for illustration.

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Now here it's the case of a woman who has been sentenced for almost 10 years of imprisonment, 9 and a half years.

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She has already spent 2 years in. She is committed to the crime along with her husband. No!

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Who stays in prison. Hello in the main person and the only interaction with she has currently is with this, But now.

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When it comes to this women.

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This woman. She doesn't. She.

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Currently, she does not understand that there could be a time when the mail partner could be shifted to another person or she herself could be What it would also be that they wouldn't they might close.

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Touch because of various reasons which you have seen for other other inmates. So which may be at considerable point of time maybe also resulting in See the age of diagnosis here.

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14 to 15 and this day is already about 36. That means she's not very far from these.

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And, and if she's there in person for a longer time. Where her contact with the outside, for outside society, meaningful.

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The chances of being diagnosed with We got she already has a predisposition. Predisposition in terms of suicidal tendencies.

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She has a very poor family background. Oh, she had a very bad childhood experiences. She had seen her own mother coming.

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She had a Boko family. Sisters were separated at a very young age. Many, many predecessors, which could lead to mental disorder.

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In this fact, we hear a few graphs. Which shows that

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Oh, this is the graph of type of family and how it is related to the current relationship with It seems that in the nuclear families the relationship with the family is negative for almost all of these.

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And here the positive is only 4. Few few inmates. Where the The relationship is much more with their children.

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Children who are minors. It's not that their extended family in any manner is associated with it.

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Yeah, the number of your space in PTO is in prison and current relationship with the family which shows that more than 10 years in prison the chances of their contact with the family is negative.

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Which has a strong bearing on the mental health of the person. Where Wendy, the the current relationship from the is negative the chances of being diagnosed with mental disorders are higher.

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That means from the analysis and analysis that we have made. You can see that Indian societies were largely collectivistic nature.

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All of us adopted individualism to some extent as not attain that transition. Not just social changes starts playing a negative role the moment one starts in interaction with the criminal justice system.

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Changes in social role and status of payment create opportunities for them to engage in crime. Although they find assistance or encouragement from their intimate partners to commit the crime.

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In the initial phases, many of them does not find the same support. When they come in contact with the criminal justice system.

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The recent structures that are focused on discipline and control aggravates the solitude of these women. All the modern in society.

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Indian society. Games to go ahead Honestly, but they are largely rooted in communal and spiritual virtues.

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It can be seen that individuals who are more inclined towards their social and religious functions tend to be more friendly, healthy in the vision set settings.

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The women in prisons are very seek their own self improvement constantly making months. available for the needs of one's family for self enhancement.

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Technical technical technical

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Those who are it will be able to do the same positive mental disarmament. So I can see for I'll give you an example of a woman who has been in in prison for a longer duration, maybe 6 years.

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She while she went on her parole, she had demonstrated her. That's still of maybe doing, some handicrafts and also making of simple nuts.

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Which she says. Hi, Kashin. How far do you look at it with very much?

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And she feels satisfied because of that and has a purpose of living after that. The goal is to make for, Indian women is largely balanced against values of interpersonal harmony and adjustment and it comes to the context.

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The women in prison are formed to be focusing on stern factors like family and purpose of life rather than for personal chances and feelings.

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Oh.

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No, given this the context of prisons, women in residence in what can be done for their betterment.

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The vitamin is in terms of encouraging.

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Collective practices in presence. In good interaction between and between inmates. Maybe group activities. That can help in building the bones between individuals.

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There is also one, example which I found in one of the presence in, where in female, prison officers had taken the initiative.

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To contact the family members of some prisoners. Who have not been in touch with them. And see that whether these people can receive these inmates so that they, if a role can be.

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And.

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And there were 2 inmates who after 8 years of imprisonment got there because of this. Now, which is considered as a welcome change because it is plotting.

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Reported reported positive change mental health of these 2. These are few references. Thank you all. Thank you for your patient listening for any kind of questions and comments.

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The interesting

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You're welcome. You can reach me at least to email address. Thank you once again.

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Thanks a lot, Vinita for your talk and I think We have time for questions and please I think you should use the microphone or maybe could the people come here and that we need to can see them.

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We come here. Yes, if anyone would like to ask a question please come here then we need I can see you and can hear you.

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. who will open the discussion. Yes, Jeremy, please.

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Ready, thanks. Hi. Thanks very much for your presentation. I was interested in what people were saying in their interviews.

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And one of the things I was wondering about was when women are admitted to prison did they have informal groups of social support.

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So do women in prison support one another for example with their mental health?

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Currently what I found was there is provision where there are, they don't encourage being meant to be supportive with each other.

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So they don't, actually encourage, such groupings among women at all. And many of these women are once because they are much more closer to the family before then can be prison.

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Once they come into the prison, the family before then came to prison. Once they come into the prison also, they flip that isolated life.

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So that since they separated from the meeting, it also becomes difficult for them to jeal with each other later.

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So this has all, so as in when the time goes away, the problem is also in terms of when the structures of prisons are being stuck being in such a way that it does not encourage any kind of communication between people.

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Further when it comes to the social setup also there are not because people will ask them about the case people will ask them about many other things which they which are unpleasant in nature.

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These women also try to avoid it. Which eventually lead to social separation. That's what I was, referring to.

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So when it comes to there are a few presence there which had. Brought in we can separate community engagement.

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Or maybe when they have as I mentioned there is a case where one of the prison officers has initiated certain programs like a an email has been reprogrammed where these women will have to come together to work there.

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Oh.

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Yeah.

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They have to, Like sell the milk and all those things. So these are also certain admission initiatives which are being done in while prisons and it does have a positive effect on the well-being of these women whom I found there.

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But when it comes to other when compared to the presence there are no scope for such engagement at all.

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Okay, thanks. Do we have another question? Yes, please. Please come.

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Oh.

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Hi.

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Thank you for your presentation. It was very interesting and you seemed for me. I wonder some I'd like to ask about some contextual information.

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Yes.

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Prisons for women because you mentioned in one case that A woman in prison can meet with her husband who is also in the same prison or in a different one.

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So how is that functioning? Thank you.

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Oh

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Okay, so in India till 2,000 well Dimin and Men it's the same enclosure but then you will have a separate block for a woman prisoners but it's in the same enclosure.

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But after 2,000 well the women's separate women presence was separated from the main presence. Now it's a separate administration.

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So you have a main person, you have a female person, which is completely different from each other. And they have a separate establishment.

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So, but the many times they are also addition to each other. So if there is a, like May Christmas who is, relative.

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They can always meet up on regular interviews. So it's the arrangement with the, employees of course.

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Okay. Please. There are some questions on the chat. Warner with me.

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Okay.

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That's I don't know. Are there questions?

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This is Vinita. Hi, No, I don't think so. There are no other questions here.

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Okay, after do we have other questions from the audience please?

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Hi.

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Hi, Anita. Lisa Hopkins here, Alfred Health in Melbourne. Such an interesting presentation.

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Research with such a vulnerable population. One thing I thought was really interesting that you just touched on, I wonder if you could expand a little bit is the difference between the women who had children and the women who didn't have children and whether that makes a difference to their mental health particularly if they have some contact with the child or their child is with

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a family rather than in an orphanage I think some of them were and whether that makes a difference to their sense of hope for the future.

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It does make a difference, but then, I also met Dimin who had, children outside, but then they have committed crimes along with their male partners.

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So they had to leave these children with somebody who might be a student method because then I said there are changes in the family structures.

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So they had to leave with somebody who had to leave with somebody who who are either. So they had to leave with somebody who who are either registered relative or maybe not related or maybe not related.

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And there are also cases in which these children or maybe not related and there are also cases in which these children were subjected to various kinds of abuse these children were subjected to various kinds of abuse where these children had to be, and there are also cases in which these children were subjected to various kinds of abuse, where these children had to be registered and maybe

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transferred to various kinds of abuse where these children had to be registered and maybe transferred to be to a maybe an option center.

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That had also happened.

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Okay, I think we have another question, please.

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Hi.

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Hello, Vanita. I'm now in Sweden. Hi. Thank you for your presentation.

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But I was thinking, well, when you presented the women, were they diagnosed in prison or was it before and was this that I mean since they were imprisoned the treatment was its kind of I mean maybe a bit neglected or how did it go about about that because of the knowledge about care in hospital physicians?

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So thank you.

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Switzerland comes to women in prison. The cases which I have presented are all diagnosed after When it comes to the diagnostic diagnosis prior to the person UN reason until there is a medical diagnosis before they come to the prison.

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The person does not. And does not record it as a case where there is a case of mental illness.

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Oh

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Only even it is diagnosed after coming to the prison they will record it as such and when it comes to this diagnose this diagnosis happens only very at a very later stage.

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Only to the point when, the, the functioning with the individual is hype largely being humpered.

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That is when they are they actually zoom for diagnosis which again affect the treatment.

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Okay, do we have Further questions from the audience?

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Okay, that. Please come in. Which would close the door, please.

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Shoot closed automatically. If we do not have other questions from the audience, I thank you again. We need to India.

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Thank you so much.

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Have a good day and thanks a lot for your talk and maybe we can have a final discussion. At the end of this session and maybe you can stay with us and participate in this discussion.

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Yeah, sure.

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Now our last presentation for today is Yuna or A Yun of one from Korea. And I please beg you to give you talk.

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Oh.

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Just click on your video.

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Oh, good morning everyone. Yeah, thank you very much for watching my presentation. My name is in and I'm a student graduate student from Corey University in sociology department.

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Actually is my second but almost first. Presentation so I'm so nervous now and thank you for having me.

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To share my work. I would appreciate it. The title is how the memories of home environment shapes.

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School Drop Out Dolphin. And I'm going to examine the moderating effect of supportive relation.

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These are the the overcontensive presentation. Actually the research background comes from the following issues concerning scooter dropouts, dolphins in current society.

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First of all, we are facing an increasing number of school dropout students, even though there is still continuous education of people like 2 high academic aspiration in Korea.

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About 40,000 children and other oceans quit school every year. Of course is increasing radio does not seem problematic When it comes to various ways to fulfil academic aspirations.

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However, school dropout adolescents are in danger. Oh being treated as not in normal education stage because of current culture specific related to current culture specificity related to high education of fever.

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And Some oh sorry some complex academic system So it is likely to affect social pleasure towards those who are outside the normal main educational trajectory in Korea.

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Considering this good dropout issue, there is growing attention about dropout students. Most of the study tends to focus on the regions and determinants.

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Of school dropout without considering or examining adolescent quality of life after that already happened. Socially being connected leads to relational advantages in many cases.

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It becomes harder to keep the quantity and quality of those ties if someone quits also.

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Or loses their network based on the school. So it's good to drop out of the lower center.

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More likely to be in trouble with mental disorders. Because of lacked social ties and the school included ones and these are my research questions.

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First, how does home environment as life events affect depression among school dropout over since. Is there any effect of support chief relation as institutional intervention on good robots do in depression and I'd like to share some expected implications.

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Concerning the mental health of the school drop out of Dawson's. About the effect of parent or life event on the child's depression.

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As you as you know the meaning of family to the children to their children isn't just a group it's more than they're children isn't just a group it's more than the like family is the first relation and institution for them.

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So parents become the first relation ones who influence them. Considering a life course view there are many studies about the effect of past feminine structure on children's life.

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For instance, parent or conflict and eventual divers are related to children's and adolescents mental health.

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Importance of institutional intervention in life events and depression. I'm dropping out of school does not mean just being free from like academic institution but also heightened possibility of social exclusion from a social institution like school.

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Socially included is related to culture capital that makes thousands more advantages than others and included in field.

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Which is rural opportunities. So, so, could drop out of the lessons without that capital or more likes to be in trouble than advantage adolescence.

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Having someone to discuss and communicate with in childhood. Could prevent adults in present and future high risk behavior in Davinci.

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To examine the effect of life even so children, I use current data about school dropout use by Korean National Youth Policy Institute in 2,013, which is the only data focusing on school dropout.

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Thousands in Korea. I also would like to use data including both dropout doses and school included adult since as a reference group.

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Quite difficult to find to say that at least in my country. Yeah. So I will countlessly appreciate it.

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If someone has ideas about this like in limitation. Anyway, the sample size is 776,000 and multiple regression analysis was conducted to test.

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Is there any effect on environmental events or at all since exist?

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Is it too fast or fine? Sorry. Okay, here the Deep Dependent variable is depression.

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But I'm just thinking about the labeling which is the Like like depression or depressed symptom because it's measured by CSD 10 I them natural looked after summing them up concerning questions or as below as follows.

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And the independent variable is There is the adults in live events about their parents.

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Sorry. It consists of the changed type of family parent and child abuse. Or concerning the experience of being abused by parents during they grow up.

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For example, questions concerning remarriage and separation of parents. Tild abuses concerning parents by alone action including labor violence because of the vertical reality issue are used mean centered value of child abuse.

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Moderating variable is the support chief relation concerning support by institution. I've also conducted the moderating effect of supportive memories with family and friends but others tested the effect of institution just this time as there is something wrong with coding those things.

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How I hope to conduct both of them next time. So sorry about that. About moderator. The question is about whether the adolescent has someone to discuss or talk to in school or order counseling.

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Institution when they are about to quit school and I dominate the values and sum them up. As you can see I put some variables that have been proven effective on Depression.

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For example, age or parents marital stages or will be a frequency of residential mobility. Our considering the increasing ratio of multicultural families in Korea, I tried to put the factor together that was omitted as it has some missing correlation coefficient or constant problem when analyzed together.

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Last. Move on to how these work together. Actually, I don't know why, but I forgot to put some table.

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So if someone wants I can share the analog and analyze Table of I am my email. Okay. First a change type of family structure partially affect It's good for about Dawson's depression, especially even about the fathers we may show a high effect negatively.

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The persons who have experienced the marriage of their father who more like to report war depression than those without that experience.

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Maybe it is in the case some possibilities. There is a still They are still a Father Centre family creature in Korea that could interact with Nomer family ideals.

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Yeah, other one is about socially segmented awards like gender division in Korea. I think it could reduce from recovered carrying by the remarriage of the father as there is no significance to the mother's remotes, unlike the effect of the father's remade.

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Despite egalitarianism in many countries these days, Caring has quite long been considered one mothers do.

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While the father's working. Korea so there could not exist any effect of the Mothers who were married.

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Second, charge of abuse has, sorry. Tired abuse has a significant effect on school dropout dollars in depression.

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And I found moderating effect of support chip relation partially. There was an interaction effect between the motors room image and supportive relation on those in depression.

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It is a bit different finding with my original abstract. As there was something wrong when I called in and made notice about my study.

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Even though there was not any effect on moderate remarriage, matter the any direct effect of the motto remarriage on depression among dolphins.

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Supportive relation has a portion of moderating effect with that. It is consistent with the first finding which could be interpreted as the important effect of murders.

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When it comes to supportive relations. I think there should be a more specific interpretation of this last digit.

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So comments about this saved my life. Regists above give us several implications. First, There should be a more precise policies that's why for school dropout.

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Or the audience in a longer perspective, second institutional intervention could moderate the effect of adults in home environment on parents.

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So the government has to establish and provide more effective practical institutional opportunities for the marginalized children. Despite Findings are implications.

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There are also some limitations on my study as well. I did not analyze the time effect. Because, but I couldn't find any difference when analyzing the time in fact with cheap period data and combined data.

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But still there should be other methods to examine more time effect because it's kind of panel data. And secondly, there could be more various home environment or a reference group to see the difference.

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For the comparison. Yeah, that I could consider. However, I could not I couldn't try that as the data is including a bit limited contents.

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We need future surveys including various environmental relations and complex characteristic that consider these issues maybe I think I can conduct some mixed My sword, yeah.

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Anyway. Thank you for paying attention to my presentation. Any comments and questions will be benefits for developing my paper into a public suburban.

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And as you can see, here's my email address. If you scan that your code, it will let you know my address in my address quickly.

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Thank you so much. Have a nice day. Thank you.

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Just so much, Any questions?

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Thank you. When you're talking about changes, being sicker about your reasons. I was to function.

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Did your research have any benefits to do with?

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Looking after school my benefit. What did, did that set up in any of the interviews that you had?

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Yes. Maybe.

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You mean the benefit of using the sample? If the young person drops out of school or if they experience any positive other.

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And yeah, I also consider that Ask because there are so many reasons why they quit school. But it's especially in Korea, I don't know why, but.

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The propulsion of those regions are quite low like I don't know why compared to any other creature countries so maybe I think I can also examine those perspective when I develop my paper.

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Yeah, thank you.

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Thank you for this great talk. I come from Taiwan. Thank you for this great talk.

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I come from Taiwan. By the surface. Who is doing that. Even the job of school, Oh, maybe, or maybe in power, people are student job schools.

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Netscape the classes. Most of us at school actually will have a system. The dues out of convention.

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Theories about your service. Actually I don't know why but the data this my data has some limitations so it's not including any specific intervention.

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I don't know. Oh, institutional like

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Mmm, okay, the, sorry about that. I think I need to. That's about the live email because I think I need to Thanks for more about

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Whether they have any social workers about that. Thank you. Thank you very much. And yes, thanks very good for your presentation.

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And he was saying that he could be back into an experiment. Yeah, yeah. Yeah. Develop it into an experiment study.

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What kind of positive questions do you think that you would be asking?

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Oh, actually I think it was like a my fall future too. Examine those things but I always prefer mixed methods because that you're including both like positive side, yeah, of methods.

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But maybe I think I need to ask them.

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Oh, sorry.

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Maybe is there any other intervention. Concerning like informer relation. That before their I don't know why.

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Sorry about it. Can I just, can I just answer it by my email? Because I was just like to chaos, sorry.

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Kind of sync with the, okay. But yes, it's a follow up by, to the previous, question.

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And I wonder what in in addition to support by school social workers. What what kind of other types of support like education maybe psychotherapy, anything else is offered.

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So every one is easy accessible. If you know this system. I know about the just a little but I heard Some students share those experience but just systems in school in Korea is quite rare.

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I don't know why but medication things. Or will they need it for the adolescence but in Korea I think they are more focused on like academic system.

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So maybe we need to. Consider those things. Yeah, sorry.

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Yeah, thank you. Yeah. And maybe you have missed that out in your presentation though. Who said that being in school about then it can lead to that And if you said when this option Kuras and the think it is possessed of So, a When I reviewed some researchers and Actually, I couldn't consider the time effect.

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For answering those questions I think I need to test the time effect. To see the to see the Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah.

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Yes, but Maybe.

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According to some the depressing symptoms or mental disorders it comes it continued to the order to yeah so maybe I think I need to put some I need to conduct some time effect about it and then I can answer that.

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For you more specifically. Thank you.

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01:15:51.000 --> 01:16:05.000
Okay, then I think we have A little bit more time. That would mean that we have to opportunity to to.

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Saved some of your questions because of

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Time schedule. If you have any other question to one of the speakers. Then I think this you can also now to Germany last question or to or to Yeah, any questions for research?

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01:16:28.000 --> 01:16:47.000
Yes, please. Jeremy, could I ask you a question that I will study and I'm wondering if you found differences within your what in terms of agenda.

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Moving for intimate relationships and also in the age of So the difference between. And young people are just starting out.

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Victory Content Organization. Yeah I think it was difficult to tell really from the size of a sample because it was a pilot study we had about 10 people with mental health problems overall.

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There were more men than women. I'm just struggling to remember the exact numbers now but I think it was probably 2 women, possibly 3.

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Most of the people we spoke to were sort of I would say middle maybe thirtys to fifties kind of age brackets so not really on the young end of the scale so it yeah possibly there could be quite different results if you were asking people who were in their twenties or younger

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Thank you for the question. Set this culture. Yeah. You have to present a 2 different approach.

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And it happened to what is male and the RSB now. Yeah. Yeah, so is that the origin of gender difference or it's happened to you just a gender difference necessarily I think they I mean as it's a qualitative sample it's quite hard to say that you know it's representative in any way.

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But we didn't really see those patterns, I don't think. We were just sort of showing the different approaches.

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So I wouldn't feel confident to say that it's more likely with one gender than another.

431
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Yeah, I have a question. Which is related to my also field of research, but maybe not exactly due to yours because I wonder if you asked about or in someone's plans to to have a family, children for instance.

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Yeah, no we didn't ask those particular questions so that would be yeah a useful thing to ask those particular questions so that would be yeah a useful thing to ask those particular questions so that would be yeah a useful thing to ask.

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No, I mean it was interesting I suppose that some of the people in the group. No, I mean it was interesting I suppose that some of the people in the group were there were some people who were married so they had to stay in I suppose that some of the people in the group were there were some people who were married so they had to stay in a relationship for a

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long period of time and a relationship for a long period of time and were talking about the benefits of having done so but with talking about the benefits of having done so but with the sample size it's difficult to say what it was exactly that that did that but I think that There is a case for doing a much larger study and actually thinking

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about sort of family relationships as well as a useful thing to do and because as well as having a romantic relationship, one of the desires for people is to of course have children as well and There can be complications I suppose with people with mental health problems again in terms of support you get.

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And again, I think there's been more work done in terms of people with learning disabilities or intellectual disabilities than there has.

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With people with mental health problems. So I think that's a gap in our understanding at present.

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Maybe also to in India. I hope she's still with us.

439
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I'm very much here, yeah.

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01:20:09.000 --> 01:20:12.000
Hey, does anyone?

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Oh.

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Yeah.

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Yes. Then I would like to thank

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Thank you. For me, what we say about the business meeting as well. The business meeting. Yeah.

445
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Just to remind people that we have a business meeting on Thursday evening at 7 30 in this room. Business meeting sounds sort of rather formal, at 7 30 in this room.

446
01:20:54.000 --> 01:21:01.000
Business meeting sounds sort of rather formal but it's really just to get together on Thursday evening at 7 30 in this room business meeting sounds sort of rather formal but it's really just to get together of the people who are interested in sociology of mental health and illness research.

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So if you haven't been before we'd really welcome you to come. We're have a group of established people who come but we really would like to get new members as well so if you're interested in the topic please come we also will go up for drinks and the meal afterwards so you're invited to join us if you'd like to

448
01:21:18.000 --> 01:21:25.000
come to that as well. And if you're not an IC, 49 member by the way, please do think about joining.

449
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Thanks a lot to Jeremy.