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So, good. Morning everyone. And welcome to this session.

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organized by me, and 2 of my colleagues.

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We will Skip the acknowledgment of a country.

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and go straight to the first presentation. My name is Phyllis Mwangi, our first presenter, who is presenting remotely, is a Nancy Corrill, a postgraduate student in my university.

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So, Nancy, you can hear me.

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Nancy Langat: Yes, yes, yes, doctor, I can hear you.

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Okay, so welcome. I'm going to stop sharing so that you can come right on.

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You can share your screen now and stop.

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You have about it.

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Nancy Langat: Okay?

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Nancy Langat: Can you see my slides. Not yet. Okay.

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Nancy Langat: You can see them now. Yes, yes, okay, okay, thank you. as the terrier said, my name is Nancy LAN at a post graduate student.

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Nancy Langat: The heading of my presentation is Handshake

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Nancy Langat: or Hand chick.

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Nancy Langat: An analysis of the discussive construction of the Kenyan 2,017 Post election act in the Kenyan Daily Nation.

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Nancy Langat: Okay, so this is the roadmap of my presentation. We'll have the introduction.

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Nancy Langat: the theoretical framework data collection and analysis, the findings

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Nancy Langat: and the conclusion.

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Nancy Langat: So we are saying that the 2,017 post election period in Kenya was characterized by violent protests that led to loss of life, injuries, and destruction of property.

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Nancy Langat: This ended on the ninth of March, the twentieth 17, when President Ofuru, Kenata and the opposition leader, leader, Ray Laudinga

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Nancy Langat: shook hands in what came to be known as the Golden handship. As you can see in that picture.

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Nancy Langat: the symbolic handship was intended to unify the country that had been divided along ethnic and political grounds just after the election.

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Nancy Langat: The symbolic value of the handshake was, however, interpreted variously in this causes

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Nancy Langat: expressed through various platforms, such as the social media. And it was traditional media.

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Nancy Langat: This study sought to establish the representation of the handshake in the Kenyan print media.

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Nancy Langat: This study is informed by the belief that the media is influenced by social, political, and economic context in their reportage.

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Nancy Langat: Previous studies have proved that language can be manipulated by powerful institutions, such as the media to advance their ideological stance on an event of situation.

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Nancy Langat: The media you use of language becomes a basis through which actors make sense of

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Nancy Langat: frame and interpretations.

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Nancy Langat: The study, therefore, attempts to theorize possible mental schemas of interpreting reality, that such schemas formed in the readers.

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Nancy Langat: This study adopted a schema theory. It is a framework

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Nancy Langat: schema theory has it that comprehending a text is not simply a function of the text

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Nancy Langat: itself. The text alone does not carry the meaning to be conveyed.

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Nancy Langat: This is to say that the readers or listeners of a text made significant contribution to the meaning contained

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Nancy Langat: a text, provide directions for listeners or readers as to how they should retrieve or construct the intended meaning from their own previously acquired knowledge.

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Nancy Langat: Understanding. A text is therefore the interactive process between the listeners or read as background knowledge

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Nancy Langat: and the text.

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Nancy Langat: Since 1,978 proposed that concepts could have meaning only when they were related to something the individual already knew.

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Nancy Langat: now to our data collection.

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Nancy Langat: Better, for the study was drawn from the Daily Nation Newspaper. This is a mainstream news, one of the mainstream newspapers in Kenya.

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Nancy Langat: A. Purposes sampling of articles published between 2,018 and 2,022 was done. The articles were downloaded and saved as a text. Documents.

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Nancy Langat: corpus linguistics is employed in data collection and analysis. there are so many software in corporate linguistics. And this study are used and software

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Nancy Langat: that is developed by Lawrence Anthony for analysis.

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Nancy Langat: The software helped in the creation of what is called the keyw. I see that is the key word in context. and cocoa or cocoa dance lines that help in coming up with the key ones for analysis.

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Nancy Langat: 16 news articles were sampled. The articles contain 19,032 tokens

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Nancy Langat: and a hundred hits. especially for the sake of this paper

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Nancy Langat: who are analyzed. for the most frequent award.

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Nancy Langat: These are the findings.

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Nancy Langat: So in the analysis of the words, in the excerpt from the newspapers.

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Nancy Langat: It was found out that this is the order of the most frequent words in the newspaper. or we can see that the most frequent one is the what the definite article that

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Nancy Langat: followed by the what to and it is only up to when we find the one but handshake

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Nancy Langat: that it's the beginning of or yes, the beginning of the a content, a word that can make meaning. And that is the word that is,

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Nancy Langat: okay, that is a sample for analysis in this study. Oh.

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Nancy Langat: as we continue the analysis, we also found other most frequent words like especially content, like the President

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Nancy Langat: and Oringa Oringa is the name of the opposition leader in Kenya. So those 3 words were samples for more analysis as to find out what the media

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Nancy Langat: I had to say about them.

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Nancy Langat: So this is what was said about the hardship

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Nancy Langat: and the country's unity basing in mind that the the handship was made to unify the country after the the country faced out

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Nancy Langat: some sheikh based on ethnic lines.

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Nancy Langat: So this is what was said about handshake in the newspaper, in the sampled articles.  Someone said. By the name Buddy, I the body is

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Nancy Langat: is is is

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Nancy Langat: One of was one of the a member of Parliament. During that time one of the elected members of Parliament, who was in the position, and he said, everybody accuses the media of painting a picture that the health she has eroded, the offers of of the role of the position.

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Nancy Langat: And then we have another member of Parliament by the name Keep Tuma movements. Now this one is in, Belongs to the E. The the ruling government, then, and he said that handshake has accorded Mr. Odinga, that is the opposition leader, an opportunity to play politics.

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Nancy Langat: And then we have another member of Parliament belonging to the

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Nancy Langat: The Government called for, who said handshake has also yielded unlikely allies in the Odinga Led coalition

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Nancy Langat:  pneumonia, who is a belong to the Government, said that a handshake has been sorted as one that will unite Kenya.

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Nancy Langat:  A political analyst said that handshake has changed the Kenya's political landscape in a big way.

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Nancy Langat:  it it. It was also said that Kenneth has increased Mr. Odinga in a unity move, and that handshake.

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Nancy Langat: But that handshake has deeply divided Jubilee Jubilee. Now is the

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Nancy Langat: I was the party Belonging to the then President oburu Kenyatta. Oh.

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Nancy Langat: and then, uhuru! Kenyatta himself said that

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Nancy Langat: handshake has made a payment stronger.

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Nancy Langat: more on handship. We have

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Nancy Langat: a society organization also. saying that handshake

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Nancy Langat: has completely weakened the opposition.

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Nancy Langat: And then it was also said that handship was a part of the gift to the opposition

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Nancy Langat: that also a handshake could disrupt Jubilee's Kenyatta succession

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Nancy Langat: plan

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Nancy Langat: earlier on in context, when The President was fine for Presidency.

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Nancy Langat: and he had agreed with his running me. That is the deputy President, that he was going to rule for the first 10 years as per the Constitution in Kenya. And then, after 10 years, the deputy was going to take over. But here now, The politicians were saying that the coming in the handshake was going to now distract this arrangement.

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Nancy Langat: The Dp. Also was concerned that this arrangement was going to be disrupted

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Nancy Langat: an Mp. From Ranga County. Say that Mr.

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Nancy Langat: The for for Mr. Odinga. This handshake

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Nancy Langat: was a

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Nancy Langat: he said that it was his trip to the Biblical Canal.

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Nancy Langat: This was to imply that

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Nancy Langat: this was going to take the position leader. The hardship was going to help him cross over to cannon, as Ali implied during his campaign that, you know, winning the Presidency was like a

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Nancy Langat: reaching

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Nancy Langat: Oh, it was also said the newspaper reported that out. It is now clear

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Nancy Langat: that handshake has undermined the Kenyan status as a multi-party democracy. Now this implied that the handshake was killing the opposition. Now the opposition leader had come to government. Now the multi party status in Kenya was being undermined.

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Nancy Langat: It was also say that handshake has sent power dynamics in Parliament.

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Nancy Langat: and that

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Nancy Langat: handship was just about to power transfer from Kennata. So that is from the then President.

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Nancy Langat: but the President himself said that handshake had nothing to do with the 2,022.

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Nancy Langat: So the 22 now was

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Nancy Langat: it that is talking about the next election, and and I am. The President is selling the people that you know the handshake has had nothing to do with that.

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Nancy Langat: Now the handshake and presidency. We also, remember that another queue. What that we found out to have been frequently used in most frequently used in the new, except was the what President Zip

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Nancy Langat: and in the except

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Nancy Langat: the newspaper, reported that the President had reduced himself to

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Nancy Langat: acting as a master of ceremony, but, like the handshake was making him to lose his position and just acting in functions

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Nancy Langat: as a master of ceremony.

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Nancy Langat:  The famous 10, my 10 to 10. In the reference to the President's earlier, promised to Dr. Ruto to succeed him in Kenyatta

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Nancy Langat: to succeed Kennata was also a also came through the use of the white President. So again the newspaper was going back, a implying to the fact that there was a disruption

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Nancy Langat: handship was coming in to disrupt the earlier plan between the President and his deputy.

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Nancy Langat: Oh.

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Nancy Langat: the the President also accused his deputy of launching earlier earlier campaigns, for at the 2022, saying that The Dp was launching premature residential campaigns.

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Nancy Langat: So with the coming in of a handshake the relationship between the deputy and his and his own.

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Nancy Langat: I the the relationship between the deputy and the President was shaken and The President is accusing his deputy of of launching earlier campaigns.

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Nancy Langat: So it's like seeing that the 10 to 10 agreement was And then the deputy was trying to maybe plan a new way

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Nancy Langat: handship on Presidency continuation.

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Nancy Langat: They we told that the one. the one hand and group which is loyal to President Kenyatta

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Nancy Langat: and supportive of Handsh it so they came in. now

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Nancy Langat: a different groupings. There was one that was called. This was a group that was supporting the President, and they really supported the the handshake.

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Nancy Langat: And then

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Nancy Langat: It was also said that you know, the coalition being crafted by President Kenyatta, and

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Nancy Langat: oh.

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Nancy Langat: was Bringing in at the Odm leader, that is. and and the President, and that acting

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Nancy Langat: a 10 Member Coalition Committee had been formed to unify. That is, the 2 parties, the party to the President and the party to the opposition leader to become one. So a handship was also being politicized here by the newspapers that it was now no longer about unifying the country. But now the President and the 2

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Nancy Langat: so position leader coming together to form a one party, and this is in preparation for the next coming election, that is, The 2022 elections.

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Nancy Langat: and Riley Odinga said that they had always had the blessing of the President. even in this arrangement.

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Nancy Langat: what did the newspapers have to say about the handshake and the Government's opposition through a raila? O Dinga! Coming in as the opposition leader.

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Nancy Langat: So it will say that the fact between Mr. Kenyatta and

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Nancy Langat: and Odinga has rattled some political cycles as others speculate.

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Nancy Langat: Or now it was creating some speculations The minds of the people were now moving through the newspapers. Reporting is trying to take out the minds of the people. from thinking that handshake is about unity to now er putting it, that it is about a political alignment.

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Nancy Langat: Nonsense. If you could prepare to wind up in the next 2 min or so. Please. Okay, thank you.

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Nancy Langat: So it was also said that Riley had dismissed.

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Nancy Langat: He, Riley himself dismissed that this was not about any political alignments. that handshake was just about the unity in the country.

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Nancy Langat: Those also say that handship was about power transfer from Kenata to Odinga.

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Nancy Langat: Despite the Presidents, often repeated assertions that it was not so. The newspaper really pushed this, but this handshake is not about

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Nancy Langat: the unity, but about political alignments.

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Nancy Langat: Now, in conclusion, we can say that handshake is constructed in the daily newspaper the Kenyan daily newspaper. That is, the Daily nation as a political tool and not a unifying tool.

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Nancy Langat: I that handshake quickened the relationship between the then the President of Kenyatta and his deputy William brought up, and that the handshake weekend the role of the opposition in Kenya the handshake also became a campaign tool to help rye laudinga in his 2,022 residential contest.

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Nancy Langat: the State resources as reported by the newspapers who are channeled towards relying, as that is, the Opposition leader campaign for campaigns for Presidency, and that Kenyans political history. We also say that Kenya's political history informed the daily nations construction of the golden and she

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Nancy Langat: thank you so much for listening to me.

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and thank you very much.

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Nancy Langat: Nancy! you'll stay online because we'll have questions later at the end of this session. Once, if one has presented

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kindly stop sharing. Okay.

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no. I thought I was shown how to navigate this thing.

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How do I do? I go back to the home screen. escape? Nothing happened.

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Are good.

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Yes. Now on to our second presenter, who is here in person.

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apparently

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with the topic the ideological discourse of the contemporary Russian autocracy functions and registers.

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you know about 18.

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Okay.

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thank you very much.

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In terms of manipulation of the official ideological discourse.

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It is one of the main components of the Morus we Wendy of contemporary Russian.

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along with repression within the country

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and military aggression abroad.

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The predecessors of this discourse.

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the Soviet Communist discourse.

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and the liberal and democratic schools of Russian authorities in the nineties.

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the Modelist.

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the very nature and required.

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I'm using here to terms of wrong from Sariota required faith in universe.

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universalizing theories it best in math and narratives, in great stories.

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primarily

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in more or less unseen forms.

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but over time, more and more openly.

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President Putin's authoritarian, imperialistic, and anti-iberal regime

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has gradually stopped using it with some liberal and democratic metanority. However, this regime has replayed this matter narrative not with a new Meta narrative, but is, a say, series of little stories in terms of your little turn those little stories are included is in some most modern discourse. Frameworks.

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This newest Russian official ideolog will discourse

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is implemented through 2 main distinct registers historical, and you speak.

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I will describe these registers separately

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in its historical and register. It is discourse

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offers

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a diverse menu of falsified and primitive little stories about

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the historical past of Russia, as well as

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scraps from wide variety of ideological narratives of the past, from Slavophilism and traditional Russian empireism

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to geopolitics. In this stalinism

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the set of mentioned little stories is based on certain general concepts of Russian history. According to these concepts.

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in all

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stages of his sister-in-law, and the greatest civilization inherent in its excellent moral and religious. So superiority over all. The counter- and civilization!

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Russia, endowed with a spiritual and ethical mission to dominate

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and over its neighbors and

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its neighbors are potentially all.

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Since a turn of Russia has no borders.

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the history of Russia

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is a history of great victories over its main enemy.

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which constantly change its mess.

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Nervous.

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It's West Germans, Europeans. Toics, Americans, and so on.

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This enemy of Russia. All this

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to right to destroy its empire. Sometimes

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it did it successfully, but at all times Russia returned.

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So it's

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great past.

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However, if we ask what kind of past.

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The masters of this discuss one to return to. We will get not a one, but several answer

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at once.

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I like the old Soviet official discourse.

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the

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A which. like all political discourses of modernism, required belief in one specific methodality.

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This discourse

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 it is

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but modernist

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the in

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it's very that you.

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and it offered

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serious of

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a little story about the asked and future.

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You can believe that it it will be Holy Russian of the Ottoman Church or the empire of the tarts.

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All the units is so

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on this, and you

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everyone can choose a dish

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because you like it.

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The most important of these little stories

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is on that today

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the story of the great victory of a late season in

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of World War Ii.

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According to this story. Russia

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is the only and exclusive winner in that war.

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and

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its victory belongs only to it. It does not

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at last, in part to Ukraine. The erupts of the Western Alliance

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all the

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agreements at Yalta forever secured.

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and the legitimate

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resume over as an influence in Europe.

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Russia's enemies in the West have a rubbed the rush of some of the fruits of the victory. But Russia is always ready to repeat

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is success.

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All the elements of this official and historical storytelling have one thing in common, they are built in that.

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but by the current political needs

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of the authorities.

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It is also characteristic in this context

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that a special laws

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have been adapted to Russia, that established penalties for publicly criticism of certain significant aspects of the official picture of history. It is prohibited, for example, under the the law, to compare stavages and reason that season.

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or to deny the victory of the Ussr or the Nazi Germany, and so on, sometimes using a wrong discourse is punishing stronger than murder, as it was. For example.

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in the case of Vladimir Karamuza, who received 25 years in prison for anti-voklimes, claims.

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Thus the belief in truth

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of the official World picture is maintained with the help of brutal force

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in the descriptions of Russian history. The master of physical discourse on the line

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that all Russian victories are warning under the leadership of its great. and of course the vegetarian leaders

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from Medina the Great, the the terrible Peter the Great, Catherine, the Second, Alexander the Third.

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It's starting to put him, of course. in the frame of of the of this course, the Russian history is described as some postmodern's text.

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built

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as a series of repetitions or citations, quotations, installations

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of certain previous tests

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in 20 he hmm.

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In 11. During the celebration of Victory Day, the slogan, we can repeat a period of Barbara stickers, and it became trendy after the occupation of Crimea and the evasion of dumbass.

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The meaning of this love is a threat. We just start it, and we can

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repeat in quote, can install the great victory.

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In this case

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he in the work with Ukraine.

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In February, 1,922, Putin announced that one of the main goals of his, special.

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the den classification of Ukraine, namely, a repetition and continuation of the rule is Nazi Germany.

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The contemporary semi-official Russian proper propagandists go even further label in Russia. So in Ukraine as a war- getting Nazi West.

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According to this study, there is no borderline between the past and the present

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and the present in the future.

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 Some put more this text.

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built

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as a series of repetitions, citations. the installations of element of the past

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in 2,014, after the relaxation of Crimea.

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The legal story about the said-grand Duke of Madame a ruler, Khalif Morhen, a thousand years ago, sadly became via vital

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is the official.

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This course, according to the grass master of this discourse, put in

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Vladimir for his for the first time united, and all these slightly tribes

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into one state, which was, according to put in an understanding, a prototype of the Russian Empire in the Soviet Union, of course disappointly, Vladimir was a Viking.

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The road, the ancient Russian state of

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from T, if not from Moscow.

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Let's do.

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These circumstances are insignificant.

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because.

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as put in pointed out what it is, my, the most hours.

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It's love it, woman. Besides.

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Vladimir was baptized in our Crimea.

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All these statements

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 grounded on legends, not solid historical facts.

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but for protein there is no bottom line between text

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about his study.

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sometimes fantastic text and history itself.

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It is reality in this case. like in all other cases. these discusses create

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the Internet history

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put this picture

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of ultimate history is similar

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from a typological point of view.

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So the concept of ultimate history is the fairmost film in glorious Busters by Quentin Tarantino. However, Putin's alternate history is not a creative artistic play, but a political program. The influences.

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as we see the future.

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Okay.

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And if I continue with the

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Grand Duke Vladimir. In 2016 a monument to Vladimir was directed the incredibly and giant posters, the hunk of the city street, with the inscription, We are the descendants of.

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Where are you, Vladimir? Why was this story created?

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The answer to this question is almost obvious. With his help, a symbolic confiscation.

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The symbolic confiscation of the historical image.

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Traditional society of his Kev and

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Ukrainian State was carried out

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with this famous monument

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to Vladimir. Give was

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symbolically transferred to Moscow.

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The internal center of the call, so-called Russian war.

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transferred to be in its power. Already at the level of reality.

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Recent abolic transfer was a sort of sympathetic magical procedure

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of an agility I'm often inhalating the enemy and possess in his, so

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I relate it, enemy in process. It is so

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this took a past.

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was invited to justify the future war, and to determine its result

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in the framework of this understanding.

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the magical force to determine what is the past

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which must be converted into the future, is an exclusive attribute of the authoritarian leader.

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In June

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2021. This. then, a year before the full-scale Russian invasion of Uk. Putin published an article. I mean that the Russians and Ukrainians are certainly one people

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that lanely established the Ukrainian State.

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and that Ukraine has no like

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to be an independent state.

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Some astute observers saw this article is a signal of Podium's decision to

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start a major war against Ukraine.

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This war, as we know, was played as a magical

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sort of magical procedure that would restore the unity of the divided people

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during some

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3 days of a week.

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We see the real effect

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of this procedure

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just now. Okay.

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A.

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Still, it should be noted that put in place his role as a a magician in the spirit of postmodernity. He tells his magicians stories about history in a carnival way, with jokes and curses, sometimes accompanied by videos, and so on.

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As I have marked the and the contemporary Russian official. And and you speak, I have no time to speak about this, and you speak, maybe some examples. We were attacked not to attack us.

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Ukraine attacked us.

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We speak.

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we heart attack. This terrorist explanations

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in you speak corruption, corruption fighters, feminists, pacifists.

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special military operation, war, and so on.

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A.

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You know what it suspects.

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This. This discourse discourse of the Russian authority

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inherently aims to science.

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dissenting opinions and ensure compliance. There is it's agenda. This is

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this course of violence.

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Thank you very much.

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and thank you. The

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had a peak into what is going on in Russia. Our next presenter, Yamas, your units

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with the topic, the transgressive nature of trade Union discourse in the Kenyan Academy, the case of the Kenyatta University University's Academic and Staff Union.

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Okay.

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in this present. My name is you and I teach at Kenyatta University

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in Kenya.

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I'm a member of what I'm going to talk about.

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So

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share with me

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my title, the transgressive nature of Trade Union dispos

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in the Kenyan Academy. The case of looking at university stuff funeral.

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Okay? Okay.

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then, how does she move us? That's wrong. Okay.

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this is the outline of my presentation. I have given the title. and I want to give a series of definitions that will that form a background to what I'm going to talk about later.

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Then I'll highlight the objectives of the study.

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I'll share the questions of how the study was based. A brief review of literature on the theoretical framework

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on which the work was based.

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a chair of the data was collected and analyzed, and then end up with the paintings.

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I'm defining trade union. It is. My definitions are operationalized according to this study. So the trade union in this study is the existing unit of existing organization unit of university level teaching employees.

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just like any other trade union. But this one is particularly for university level employees.

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Then I'm defining whatsoever also is a derivative

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term for the University Academic Staff Union in the Kenyan economy. The Kenyan University system per se.

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and I'm simply outlying the fact that Oasu was the first trade union I formed by the African Academic staff

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from the University of Nitro in 1,992. The of Nairobi goes back to 1,996, 1,966. But when African Academy joined Applicant staff during the university.

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they moved from what was there then, and formed the past union.

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So I'm going on to say that it was once specifically to replace the then University Staff Association, 1996,

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and the sort of purpose of protecting and promoting the interest of academic staff in the University.

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The current

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version of the Aasu of the 1,966, then 1,972 is now called

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The current was was registered in 2,003.

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What do I mean by the Kenyan Academy in this study?

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I'm referring to

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the public university in the country, Kenya has over 65 universities.

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and out of those universities 35 of them are public.

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and I emphasize the one public.

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and the total number of fully registered and active members of the Ku, one Kenya, to university

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00:43:41.210 --> 00:43:59.610
and membership. Of this also in K. You is 816 out of a staff member, a staff, an academic staff number of about 1,800. So 816 are members relatively large number

367
00:44:00.550 --> 00:44:10.119
 chapter of a union is a branch of a union, such as also is a chapter of the Overall University.

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A. Thank you.

369
00:44:12.910 --> 00:44:15.070
So what's the

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K you is a chapter, it just a branch. And I'm saying that it is organized. The the chapter of a union is organized is an organizational unit of this was a such trade union, and it public University, has its chapter of the Union. The Kenya to University Chapter is one such member, and that is the that is the case that I was looking at in this work

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I used a term I used. I formulated a new one, transgressive dispose not that it is in quotes, because it is not an English one. That is my my, my construction.

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and by that I mean transgressive discourse. I mean all that talk of discuss that is aggressive in nature

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across the different levels of organizing in which the Ko Union is located.

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Trance in the sense that it's not just within the K. You. Chapter, but it is the language that I'm going to deal with is not just the the you one.

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but the key you weren't linking up with the other chapters.

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and

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the K. One drinking up with the National office of the Union, and so on, and so forth. So transgressive discourse is a new term that are emulated to help me explain the study.

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So I'm giving an example. There. The interruptions through language that take place between one member and another is transgressive in each.

379
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What do I mean by the National Office? What do I mean? There are other units, levels of organization that link up with the Ku version, the Kuwait. And these are the other levels. Of course, once he is a member of the National office

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of the Union.

381
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Other units organizing units include once interacting with the Kenyatt University Council. which actually is the employer of the academic. The academics at Cave.

382
00:46:14.520 --> 00:46:24.130
near to university, like other universities that I'm talking about are public. They belong to the government. So the academic staff

383
00:46:24.390 --> 00:46:29.430
at K. You are employees of the University Council

384
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another level of organization. Once, okay, you interact with this dental Public University Council's consultative forum, particularly when there is an issue.

385
00:46:40.900 --> 00:46:49.099
And this is a statement. Then the I. Ppc Cf. Ipcc. Comes on board.

386
00:46:49.340 --> 00:46:52.420
Of course, in trade union terms we have

387
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the collective bargaining agreement, and these agreements come up whenever there is any issue.

388
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Me to bring the University.

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and of course the King at the University. The union at Kenyatt University also interacts with the registral of trade unions.

390
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Today it's called the in the Iraq of Societies. I want to another. Down on the K. You was

391
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just a brief.

392
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As I mentioned earlier. It is one of the 35 public universities in Kenya

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and Kenya University started as a constituent colleague of the first university in the country. First, in the first she was the first of Nairobi in the 19 sixties began our independence in 1,964.

394
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Previous to that we had that Technical University which a typical call in Youtube.

395
00:47:47.190 --> 00:47:51.500
which was part of one of the British universities. So

396
00:47:52.870 --> 00:47:57.400
University of Nairobi, came into being in the 1960 S.

397
00:47:57.920 --> 00:48:03.649
Kenyatta University, in particular, was accredited in 1,985 quite recently.

398
00:48:03.680 --> 00:48:06.410
and as a public research university

399
00:48:06.580 --> 00:48:09.939
it is relatively big, quite active

400
00:48:10.250 --> 00:48:15.359
and relatively large, 15 schools with over 900 academic staff.

401
00:48:15.740 --> 00:48:18.119
and as December 30, first.

402
00:48:18.470 --> 00:48:23.420
the once the Union chapter had a relatively large.

403
00:48:23.550 --> 00:48:32.650
fully paying up membership. But I want to emphasize fully cave membership, because that is what later brings in

404
00:48:32.690 --> 00:48:34.449
which is the tactic about

405
00:48:34.840 --> 00:48:42.020
another level of of organization that you want to deal with are those members whom we call agency.

406
00:48:42.410 --> 00:48:53.440
They are members by virtue of the fact that they are employed at the university, but they are not paying up members of the Warsaw at King.

407
00:48:53.800 --> 00:48:58.900
so that he was a chapter is guided by constitution. Of course

408
00:48:59.080 --> 00:49:04.839
it operates within the laid down procedures of any development as expected of any trade union.

409
00:49:05.320 --> 00:49:10.849
and I'm arguing here that over time, all the way from 1966 to date.

410
00:49:11.800 --> 00:49:20.089
the Union generally has gone through a number of issues troubles that impact on the welfare of the academic staff.

411
00:49:20.230 --> 00:49:25.849
This chapter, in particular has gone recently through a number of

412
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challenges. So the chapter has gone through a number of media, internal and external challenges which in term has led into a continuing period of in action.

413
00:49:36.180 --> 00:49:53.760
And I'm calling that, continued the reduction. If you are familiar with my abstract, I refer to it as the the waning, and possibly in ordinary works. A trade union is a tribunal right? Why you that it can contain to talk about it, will argue

414
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the issues or the welfare issues of mixed membership. The kill you. One in particular has gone sided.

415
00:50:01.620 --> 00:50:02.969
He's going side in.

416
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if not dead. And this is my argument here.

417
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So the wing, and possibly an audible voice, and then an entangling mess on, for example.

418
00:50:15.310 --> 00:50:19.069
winning, second, not active, then leading to

419
00:50:19.290 --> 00:50:22.719
what does that impact on its membership?

420
00:50:23.140 --> 00:50:34.520
That is the to you. What was this study about? And I'm beginning to beginning my argument by saying that one of the unique attributes the human brings, the gift of language.

421
00:50:34.600 --> 00:50:52.500
The fact that human beings can produce the language can understand it and can use it for various purposes, create union. Active activism is based on the fact that you can talk a Union contact members can talk. This is my argument here. So I'm saying, the fact of its various forms.

422
00:50:52.940 --> 00:51:00.130
the various forms of language that occurs in trade unionism and in the Thursday chapter.

423
00:51:00.150 --> 00:51:04.739
This language is manipulatable, but as a source of its strength.

424
00:51:04.770 --> 00:51:17.419
but also as a social and the weaknesses that come with it. The study argues that the language use in the trade union in Ku in particular.

425
00:51:17.510 --> 00:51:25.079
is not only a source of strength, but also a source of witness of this chapter at this university. This is my argument here.

426
00:51:25.440 --> 00:51:32.260
So I'm saying that the nature of the occurring language in various interactional situations in the trade unit space.

427
00:51:32.960 --> 00:51:36.310
A one in particular requires careful analysis

428
00:51:36.560 --> 00:51:38.570
to determine the purpose of which

429
00:51:38.690 --> 00:51:40.430
that language is produced

430
00:51:40.770 --> 00:51:46.179
and the effects the impact of that language on the Union and the Union membership.

431
00:51:46.430 --> 00:51:50.579
And I'm going to say that some of the courses of the stalemate at K. You

432
00:51:50.940 --> 00:51:55.009
the union at Ku. There is a statement we are doing no money.

433
00:51:55.110 --> 00:52:01.789
Nothing is going on. I'm saying. Some of the causes of the stalemate being experienced in the Kluwasu.

434
00:52:02.050 --> 00:52:17.409
the dysfunctions and the attendant acrimony among members is attributed to the language from within and from the from outside. The Union itself. That is my argument, and I'm going to say that in this study.

435
00:52:18.030 --> 00:52:21.320
 the works of other English

436
00:52:21.990 --> 00:52:39.919
I've brought in the works of other philosophers or linguists to help me understand, interrogate the language. Emerging from the who the you was. So in this study the lots of linguists or philosophers, including Austin Austin, remember, in his feedback theory.

437
00:52:40.040 --> 00:52:43.050
Christine, and so, and then grinds.

438
00:52:43.440 --> 00:52:44.460
He needs

439
00:52:44.520 --> 00:52:56.719
and cooperative principle and conversational implications. The tenets in Ds philosophers, works, and then holidays, systemic functional gra.

440
00:52:56.750 --> 00:53:02.409
The work these works provide a background to what I'm arguing in this.

441
00:53:02.690 --> 00:53:11.100
I'm saying they provide useful insights for the articulation with the notion that language is not only used to inform and describe things.

442
00:53:11.150 --> 00:53:14.950
but it is also of utilized to do things.

443
00:53:14.980 --> 00:53:16.740
As posting says

444
00:53:16.860 --> 00:53:20.239
we speak when you speak, you are performing and act.

445
00:53:20.350 --> 00:53:26.530
There are various acts through which we perform when we speak when our speaker speaks.

446
00:53:26.700 --> 00:53:34.950
and I'm saying some such acts have in the case of K, you also have negatively impacted on its telecoms

447
00:53:35.000 --> 00:53:39.820
within the university itself. So what were the objectives of the study

448
00:53:40.650 --> 00:53:48.789
to provide a linguistic description of how the Ku wants to as a trade union is specifically articulated.

449
00:53:48.810 --> 00:53:51.199
disputed, or confirmed

450
00:53:51.330 --> 00:53:52.799
by its members

451
00:53:53.240 --> 00:54:14.109
and other participants that I've mentioned in the organization or structure of the Union in Kenya, the trade union in Kenya that was one to give up a linguistic description. What is going on within the Ku first and chapter, but secondly, to verify or disconfirm memberships held

452
00:54:15.180 --> 00:54:21.069
or understood meaning. So vote what was as a straight trade union means to them.

453
00:54:21.150 --> 00:54:29.700
Some of their language is worrisome. Do they understand what the Union means to them as members? That was my second objective.

454
00:54:30.200 --> 00:54:35.790
So I'm going to say that the study adopted an eclectic approach.

455
00:54:36.240 --> 00:54:46.460
And in the Austin Austin Switch Act theory in for crisis and cooperative principle framework and

456
00:54:46.480 --> 00:54:49.920
conversational improve your framework

457
00:54:50.280 --> 00:54:55.770
to you know analyze the data that we collected. That was the theoretical framework.

458
00:54:55.870 --> 00:54:59.160
And I'm going on to say that under the notion of meaning

459
00:55:00.630 --> 00:55:04.280
from Rice Bryce distinguishes 2 notions of meaning.

460
00:55:04.390 --> 00:55:11.850
That is what a sentence mean in general, but from any use of wheat, and what a specific mean we speak up

461
00:55:12.070 --> 00:55:21.860
means by using the sentence in a particular location rises implicational conversational implications.

462
00:55:22.470 --> 00:55:25.470
I'll come in here.

463
00:55:26.290 --> 00:55:31.660
Our chapter membership is under administrative. I'm giving examples here.

464
00:55:32.210 --> 00:55:39.339
What does a sentence mean in the conversational implications as presented by Gries.

465
00:55:39.370 --> 00:55:42.409
He argues that a sentence can mean

466
00:55:42.840 --> 00:55:45.240
Jen, it really conventionally.

467
00:55:45.850 --> 00:55:49.290
as known by any seekers of that language, or

468
00:55:49.660 --> 00:55:58.950
an utterance by a speaker, a sentence produced by a speaker can mean specifically, this is what I'm trying to say here, and I'm giving examples here

469
00:55:59.140 --> 00:56:00.520
from my data

470
00:56:00.830 --> 00:56:26.529
chapter. Membership is under the administrative management of our national office. I'm going to talk about my detail just to illustrate what rise simply in in conversational, implicit in jail. These are 2 examples. So this is some kind of sent one sentence from my data, this number 3 and 4. Sorry. Sorry about the numbering. These are examples I've drawn from my data.

471
00:56:27.200 --> 00:56:53.820
Now, perhaps you, when you get the chip, if I use to put them a bit more so. Russ's idea is to show that an actor rans can mean something. Sometimes when it occurs, or sometimes it may not necessarily mean anything it's become may. Often it's more, can say something meaning with specific meaning, or I stick I may I to articulate something, but within the General Convention. So now we use this to pay a missing.

472
00:56:53.890 --> 00:56:55.780
And the contention here

473
00:56:56.090 --> 00:57:03.120
is that sentence meaning? And what meaning can be analyzed in terms of what the speaker has patterned.

474
00:57:03.950 --> 00:57:12.170
and that the utter order speaker, meaning can be analyzed without semantic reminders that the utterance are certain intention.

475
00:57:12.470 --> 00:57:25.119
So the abstract notion of a sentence meaning was to be understood in terms of what the speaker intended intended, as he or she meets an utterance. And this is coming from the data that I've I've looked at.

476
00:57:25.360 --> 00:57:38.179
When you look at the data, you are not so sure. What does this figure mean? Specifically that this speaker is just conveying a general message, as is usually done when you use language

477
00:57:40.830 --> 00:57:56.640
according to rice. Conversational implications are things that a here can work out from the way something is said. When a union member says, This is, our union is dead. Is it just making a statement? Or does he mean something?

478
00:57:56.720 --> 00:57:57.790
Okay.

479
00:57:57.910 --> 00:58:00.930
So people, according to Bryce and his.

480
00:58:02.430 --> 00:58:03.560
Okay?

481
00:58:03.880 --> 00:58:09.009
I then have a copy of my paper. So you see the delicate

482
00:58:09.170 --> 00:58:11.340
nuances that I bring up.

483
00:58:11.870 --> 00:58:14.720
We collected a variety of data.

484
00:58:14.920 --> 00:58:20.270
mostly from social media, but also from published texts.

485
00:58:21.000 --> 00:58:24.049
from interactions between the Union and

486
00:58:24.320 --> 00:58:27.610
are the unions between members of the

487
00:58:27.930 --> 00:58:29.180
of the Union

488
00:58:29.320 --> 00:58:35.829
and the analyst. The data was both analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively.

489
00:58:36.730 --> 00:58:48.969
it mostly entailing a critical analysis, a careful examination of the text that were collected. Both the texts were both spoken and written critical analysis, and so on and so forth.

490
00:58:49.520 --> 00:59:00.730
But let me go to some preliminary findings. The analysis is still going on from the mass of data that we collected from different sources. What is emerging?

491
00:59:00.960 --> 00:59:14.839
It is imagine that the cooperative principle rises cooperative principle and rises conversational, implicit. Yeah, a framework is which can be used as usable from this kind of data.

492
00:59:15.220 --> 00:59:16.120
And

493
00:59:16.510 --> 00:59:27.439
what? What? What is some of the things that I have observed? One of them is the fact that when I look at the data, the cooperative principle maxims are all floated. The food maxims

494
00:59:27.870 --> 00:59:37.350
right also, because just fit, without being conscious sometimes of what they are saying and what, and that implications of what they are saying.

495
00:59:37.500 --> 00:59:38.540
just people

496
00:59:38.670 --> 00:59:40.940
brought in the maximum

497
00:59:42.080 --> 00:59:52.819
want it to go on and on and on. Just speak sometimes not saying the truth. Just keep, sometimes bringing in irrelevant stuff

498
00:59:53.100 --> 00:59:58.490
to some particular. So in my first observation is the fact that

499
00:59:58.650 --> 01:00:09.340
that the theoretical framework brought by the cooperative principle and the in conversational infrastructure's work, and it highlights how

500
01:00:09.380 --> 01:00:12.899
the language of this was so

501
01:00:14.190 --> 01:00:22.000
is actually bringing about the statement, the inactiveness, the Union itself.

502
01:00:22.260 --> 01:00:23.410
another one.

503
01:00:23.700 --> 01:00:31.250
the fact that official documents, not just material from the members themselves, but also official documents

504
01:00:31.290 --> 01:00:42.910
that Whatsu has had has had to produce or interact with also highlight examples of how the crisis and to frameworks work.

505
01:00:43.200 --> 01:00:45.439
and only to the fact that

506
01:00:45.670 --> 01:00:54.539
most the language from within is destroying the was as a human at in right now.

507
01:00:54.900 --> 01:01:00.289
the once the office is locked with the parlour, nothing is going on

508
01:01:00.630 --> 01:01:02.499
on. Academic stuff

509
01:01:02.610 --> 01:01:06.340
who are members of this union are actually

510
01:01:07.300 --> 01:01:09.170
programs. Okay.

511
01:01:19.430 --> 01:01:20.610
thank you.

512
01:01:20.750 --> 01:01:28.129
If I may know if our next presenter, Barrett, is around.

513
01:01:36.560 --> 01:01:38.189
if you don't mind.

514
01:01:38.950 --> 01:01:44.379
I've decided to be in the center than just d in the corner.

515
01:01:44.390 --> 01:01:49.819
And also this way, I'm able to use the mic for the sake of those who are on the screen

516
01:01:50.010 --> 01:01:53.590
so welcome everyone. My name is Aja Vett.

517
01:01:53.690 --> 01:01:55.940
but my nickname is Joshua, which

518
01:01:56.210 --> 01:01:59.069
one is what most likely to know.

519
01:01:59.350 --> 01:02:08.840
and I come from the University of Saga in Hungary and from the Central European University now based in Indiana, Austria.

520
01:02:09.980 --> 01:02:11.090
Okay.

521
01:02:12.200 --> 01:02:28.230
And I want to give you an example of telling an example of how the hate rhetoric as a major discourse. Strategy of rifling populism takes place.

522
01:02:28.460 --> 01:02:40.049
but with a focus on how once this discourse is argued to be dominant, or we established that it's dominant, then it entails that we are all caught in it.

523
01:02:40.100 --> 01:02:46.199
Those who identify as critiques of that discourse as well.

524
01:02:46.440 --> 01:03:10.310
and because I do family scholarship, my example is going to be focused on what that entails with regard to the different feminist discourses in response to the intensive discrimination and stigmatization of Gender's ideology in contemporary Hungary entails.

525
01:03:11.400 --> 01:03:35.899
So the ubiquitous discourse of hate propaganda has been established as routine banal node of communication since 1010, when the fidest Christian Democrat coalition, under the leadership of Prime Minister Viktor Orban, as first came into power and maintained a supermajority in Parliament for the forced time to date

526
01:03:36.360 --> 01:03:54.159
the naturalization of hate. Speech as banal mode of communication is a major instrument in the regime's cultural war that aims to replace the Hungarian cultural and academic elite and restructure their institutions with ones loyal to the regime.

527
01:03:54.600 --> 01:04:09.649
At the same time, insofar as the rhetoric of fear is the dominant mode of political communication. It does not stop on the boundary of the discourse of those fighting the regime, but catches up with them

528
01:04:09.740 --> 01:04:28.280
in order to explore the dangerous consequences of the unwillingness of the opposition to understand that their statements are caught in the dominating practices of hate speech. I focus on the trans-exclusionary stance within contemporary feminism in hunger.

529
01:04:28.510 --> 01:04:38.719
More importantly, I am also proposing for us to forge an alliance mobilized by the effect of trust instead of hate.

530
01:04:39.550 --> 01:05:01.899
Over the 13 years, the dominant order of hate. Speech has effectively stigmatized several categories of identity in the regime's propaganda, producing and reproducing 4 tropes of hate as empty signifiers, implicating one another without actual mention through a chain of equivalences.

531
01:05:01.900 --> 01:05:16.979
The 4 tropes of hate are the non-productive parasite intellectuals, the genderists, lobbyists, Shorosh or the Brussels, affiliated Liberals, and the Islamic male migrant terrorists.

532
01:05:17.340 --> 01:05:34.770
The signifiers are empty in the sense that their meaning is intensely reworked to emerge as the exact opposite of their conventional intelligibility, or to become completely decontextualized, detached from their established context

533
01:05:35.220 --> 01:05:50.309
to the point where each is emptied out and can routinely implicate any of the others without actual mention. Where their routine associations are mobilized through a chain of equivalences.

534
01:05:50.490 --> 01:06:09.800
The discourse strategy of free interchangeability draws on a systematic naturalization of the contradictory relationships across the 4 tropes, so that they all can naturally share and evoke the meaning of the threat. For us

535
01:06:10.150 --> 01:06:24.659
the naturalization of collapsing. The meaning of difference to that of the enemy performs the ideological work of underscoring an absolute demarcation line between the hostile enemy, them

536
01:06:24.710 --> 01:06:34.209
embodied by the 4 tropes and us, the homogeneized collective of some imaginary unity of the Hungarian nation.

537
01:06:34.450 --> 01:06:47.159
This systematic entrenching of any cooperation, let alone solidarity with anything different from us is a major instrument in the regime's so-called cultural war.

538
01:06:47.170 --> 01:06:52.159
It is meant to replace the Hungarian cultural and academic elite.

539
01:06:53.020 --> 01:07:00.489
and the term of cultural war is introduced by the Prime Minister or Van Victor.

540
01:07:00.500 --> 01:07:14.680
and it took place in his annual speech, a kind of state of the nation's speech delivered at the so-called Summer University in Tuschwanish Romania, in 2,022.

541
01:07:14.770 --> 01:07:28.519
On that occasion he observed his tradition of appropriating the Summer school for outlining the major agenda of his government during the upcoming period of 4 years.

542
01:07:28.830 --> 01:07:48.720
One of the major targets of the Government's hate rhetoric in this war is gender the analytical category of feminist criticism, and to discredit anyone exposing the deeply entrenched heteropetical relations of power in contemporary Hungarian society

543
01:07:49.190 --> 01:07:54.009
to demonstrate how the discursive chain of association works.

544
01:07:54.240 --> 01:08:00.759
Let me give you the example of the legislation under the rule. By d. 3. In Hungary

545
01:08:01.360 --> 01:08:20.269
the Government declared a state of danger in March 2020, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, which was then extended under the pretext of war on our borders. That is, Russia's invasion of Ukraine.

546
01:08:20.710 --> 01:08:24.419
We have been in this State for almost 4 years now.

547
01:08:24.650 --> 01:08:40.250
The authoritarian act of a weaponizing legislation has opened up this space for imposing 4 acts that are all contesting the meaning of the category of gender and retaining its meaning.

548
01:08:40.440 --> 01:08:52.350
Hedious ideology from multiple perspectives. In my understanding the 4 legislative acts are not random, but introduced strategically to stigmatize any group

549
01:08:52.380 --> 01:08:55.220
associated with gender.

550
01:08:55.530 --> 01:08:59.090
The 4 legislative acts are as follows.

551
01:08:59.200 --> 01:09:00.190
first.

552
01:09:00.750 --> 01:09:09.390
the first one in April 2020, only 3 days after the introduction of the emergency governance the stipulation of gender.

553
01:09:09.410 --> 01:09:24.659
It is passed in response to the Constitutional Court's instruction that the Government should make it possible for trans. People to have an identity document in agreement with their bodily changes and performances.

554
01:09:24.680 --> 01:09:46.550
The remedy, however, was the introduction of the category of sex adverse in the Hungarian civil registry, and on account of a fundamentalist conceptualization of sexual difference, it was made impossible to change anyone's legally recognized gender in their personal documents.

555
01:09:47.110 --> 01:09:48.450
The second one.

556
01:09:48.580 --> 01:10:04.190
In May 2020, the Parliament voted on the draft of a recommendation for the Government not to ratify the Istanbul Convention, the first legally binding international instrument for preventing any

557
01:10:04.250 --> 01:10:08.369
and combating gender-based violence against women.

558
01:10:08.680 --> 01:10:10.629
The Parliament's vote.

559
01:10:10.650 --> 01:10:16.739
which indirectly thereby is backing the violence against women

560
01:10:16.830 --> 01:10:39.569
was argued for undergrounds, that its aim of gender equality promotes one destructive gender ideologies and to illegal migration because it should require granting Free status to asylum seekers persecuted over their sexual orientation or gender.

561
01:10:39.950 --> 01:10:41.400
The third one.

562
01:10:41.430 --> 01:10:49.829
the long promised bill against child sex offenders, was voted on in June 2,021

563
01:10:50.350 --> 01:11:04.409
unexpectedly, though a last-minute amendment was added to the bill overnight, that in its effect conflicts non-heterosexuals with the category of hadophiles.

564
01:11:04.580 --> 01:11:13.689
according to the changes it is prohibited to make pornography content available to minors as well as contents, that

565
01:11:13.920 --> 01:11:39.170
that that depicts sexuality for its own sake. But most importantly, it outlaws portrayal and promotion of gender identity different from sex assigned at birth, the change of sex and homosexuality in schools and in public service, advertisements for persons under 18.

566
01:11:40.250 --> 01:11:53.089
Finally, this year, in April 2023, a new law was passed to encourage citizens to report any crime against the Hungarian way of living.

567
01:11:53.430 --> 01:12:09.639
This lifestyle is vaguely defined, of course, as behavior, that, according to the loyal citizens, understanding should violate the constitutionally recognized role of marriage and the family.

568
01:12:09.890 --> 01:12:34.100
The legislature also ensures that authorities must investigate these complaints in order to protect marriage. In the ninth amendment of the new Fidacim Post Constitution, which is now renamed as foundational law as part of the strategic act of emptying out old categories.

569
01:12:34.310 --> 01:12:48.610
Marriage is explicitly defined as an institution between one man and one woman, while adding that the mother is a woman, and the father is a

570
01:12:49.160 --> 01:13:10.089
the dominant discourse of hate in forming the 4 acts, draws, unnaturalizing the contradictory logic across them, thereby underscoring the difference, as if absolute, between us, who go along with these changes because we assume the expected position of the loyal citizens

571
01:13:10.090 --> 01:13:23.009
who see themselves threatened by trans people attacking our children, migrants of alien cultures, women who would like to shoot their male partners, husbands.

572
01:13:23.030 --> 01:13:33.960
or non-heterosexuals obsessed with sex in public, and Brussels inspired Liberals. Turning to the European Court and Commission for protection

573
01:13:34.310 --> 01:13:55.180
these 4 acts, indirectly but inevitably reiterate the figure of traditional reproductive motherhood, and her partner in a complementary relationship with her, the authoritarian, militant, heterosexual male, defending his family and nation in the face of the threat of migration and war.

574
01:13:56.050 --> 01:14:09.379
Now the various feminist groups in an act of self-reflexivity, have tried to find the reason for the unprecedented success of the Government's hate propaganda of the gender ideology.

575
01:14:09.460 --> 01:14:33.109
Those who self-identify as radical feminists, have come up with the answer that, in fact, the use of the category of gender by trans people, particularly by trans. Women, is an ideological move, and as such, unfortunately provided evidence for the Government's concerns about the so-called Lgbtq lobby

576
01:14:33.140 --> 01:14:40.369
attacking the alleged Christian family values of heterosexual reproductivity and education.

577
01:14:40.790 --> 01:14:55.199
It couldn't have happened, or at least not that easily. They say, if we should have provided the proper definition of gender for the general public against the accusations.

578
01:14:55.210 --> 01:15:06.180
This definition should be the understanding that gender is a social construction of roles attached to the biologically given sex of male female being.

579
01:15:06.620 --> 01:15:35.990
Sadly, this logic reiterates the Government's biologized concept of dichotomized sex, which, whether we would like it or not, makes us complicit in the hate rhetoric that secures a heterosexualized social order by harnessing erotic desire and labor in the interest of the expansion of capital and the accumulation of profit, should they be academic or otherwise.

580
01:15:36.500 --> 01:15:47.149
I propose, therefore, that neither an effective rhetoric of political organization against the regime, nor any valid critique of the Government's legitimization.

581
01:15:47.900 --> 01:15:53.180
should hinge on a strategy of fitting reasons against their logic.

582
01:15:53.400 --> 01:16:07.780
It is not even effective, above all, because such an act would entail wielding their power, which is unimaginable, I'm afraid, in the foreseeable future.

583
01:16:08.100 --> 01:16:35.379
Furthermore, the dominant strategy of the Hate rhetoric is organized by accentuating difference. Such a systematic antagonization around a proper meaning of gender would leave us feminist, performing what Lauren Berlant has called the spectatorial sports of self-destruction among the already harmed collectives in the public spaces.

584
01:16:35.380 --> 01:16:55.400
In my case, that of the heterosexual woman. See the Istanbul convention, lesbian women, non-binary people see the Pedophile law and French women, sex, adverse law, and all of them by the law protecting the so-called Hungarian values of living

585
01:16:56.060 --> 01:17:01.250
that simply makes the Government's fight against us easier.

586
01:17:01.540 --> 01:17:04.129
and that we cannot or thought

587
01:17:04.670 --> 01:17:06.270
ontologically.

588
01:17:06.300 --> 01:17:14.960
The shift that I am proposing is possible. If we assume a discourse position of multiplicity

589
01:17:15.160 --> 01:17:26.209
within a two-fold framework. Firstly, we can make use of the multiple elements that are integral to the meaning of any category.

590
01:17:26.450 --> 01:17:37.179
Each category is organized out of multiple constituent elements, or if they are meaningful, organized by multiplicity.

591
01:17:37.590 --> 01:18:00.269
Secondly, meaning is also multiple in the sense that each constituent element of a given pattern is potentially intertwined into several other coherent patterns at any time into other categories. It is the second sense of multiplicity that dissenters the semiotic field.

592
01:18:00.390 --> 01:18:24.040
Therefore there is always a limit to what can be exposed and what remains invisible. But we do have the possibility of shifting our critical gaze along the vector of a given constituent element and move in the direction of another configuration within an intersectional methodology.

593
01:18:24.080 --> 01:18:29.180
It is making this shift that I understand by social critique

594
01:18:29.340 --> 01:18:38.830
the two-fold multiplicity makes it possible for us to disidentify with the dominant conditions of recognition as one of us.

595
01:18:39.360 --> 01:18:42.480
At the same time, let me underscore

596
01:18:42.670 --> 01:19:01.330
that we must be always open to the possibility of making a mistake, precisely because within this discursive model there is no promise of complete foreseeability or control of God's perspective. To use Donna Haraway's ironic metaphor.

597
01:19:01.950 --> 01:19:17.500
Now, what makes this shift for us families possible politically, is the understanding that what we all have in common is our struggle against the contemporary formation of hegemonic masculinity.

598
01:19:17.820 --> 01:19:31.280
that masculinity in the light of this intensive intensified debates seems to depend on its sisteness, the unchangeability of sex adverse

599
01:19:31.410 --> 01:19:33.780
the ideal figure of men.

600
01:19:34.460 --> 01:19:48.009
According to the 4 laws, A is fought around the entitlements of the white Christian, upper, middle-class, urban cis, heterosexual male patriot warrior.

601
01:19:48.260 --> 01:20:11.869
The new element of his gender is its ciseness. We feminists cannot afford not to see that the current political struggle to retraditionalize women as happily reproducing mothers, hinges precisely on naturalizing sexual difference at the expense of the visibleization of the possibility of its change

602
01:20:12.170 --> 01:20:27.619
in line with the logic of the intertwined, partially overlapping distinctions of multiplicity, we should see categorization as an act of drawing relative but politically relevant distinctions.

603
01:20:27.620 --> 01:20:47.999
This means that this school strategy of underscoring the overlaps similarities in opposition to the current regime's investment in drawing up absolute boundaries. Such a political shift can be made possible by the intimation of the effect of trust instead of hate.

604
01:20:48.120 --> 01:21:01.720
I argue that emotions are acts. They do things as Sarah Ahmed, in the cultural politics of of emotions contents. This means that the effect of Trap trust

605
01:21:01.720 --> 01:21:18.269
can be seen as a social practice that does not require absolute sameness to the contrary, it is negotiated out of experiences of discomfort without transcending the participants relative differences.

606
01:21:18.430 --> 01:21:38.590
I am proposing to build a trust-based solidarity that is seen as the intertwined dynamic, of agreeing and disagreeing, acknowledging the indispensability of discomfort that comes from trusting one another, because we know

607
01:21:38.660 --> 01:21:44.319
we can not only agree, but disagree with one another.

608
01:21:44.430 --> 01:21:45.469
Thanks for you.

609
01:21:49.700 --> 01:21:50.850
Thank you.

610
01:21:52.230 --> 01:21:53.470
No.

611
01:21:54.230 --> 01:21:58.230
On to our last speaker.

612
01:22:04.090 --> 01:22:07.720
Where? Here?

613
01:22:09.520 --> 01:22:10.400
No.

614
01:22:11.640 --> 01:22:12.870
it's there.

615
01:22:13.650 --> 01:22:14.770
Deb.

616
01:22:16.380 --> 01:22:19.900
ishani deb: do you? Yes, ma'am.

617
01:22:20.100 --> 01:22:23.750
if you could kindly share your share in.

618
01:22:40.290 --> 01:22:42.600
ishani deb: Go straight ahead

619
01:22:43.600 --> 01:22:46.010
ishani deb: Good morning to the listeners.

620
01:22:46.120 --> 01:23:01.120
ishani deb: The topic of my presentation talks about the language inequality and the aspect of language in position in the political scale

621
01:23:01.230 --> 01:23:15.279
ishani deb: that, includes the administrative as well as the education sector. And in my presentation I'll be focusing mainly on the language in position in the education sector.

622
01:23:15.300 --> 01:23:18.920
ishani deb: Primarily the medical education.

623
01:23:18.930 --> 01:23:35.019
ishani deb: because in India, there is a kind of an obsession, both from the parents as well as from the students, that one has to study the stem education and the stem specialization after they you know.

624
01:23:35.020 --> 01:23:52.199
ishani deb: across the school pace. And what are the implications of this language in position? let's see. And this is with respect to a common medical entrance examination that is conducted throughout the length and breath of the country.

625
01:23:52.290 --> 01:23:57.409
ishani deb: having the same uniform question.

626
01:23:58.800 --> 01:24:28.289
ishani deb: So when I was mentioning about the asymmetrical linguistic P. Then it is important to mention the well known linguist, Robert Phillips. concept of linguistic imperialism and Anglo-centricity and linguistic imperialism is mainly the consolidation of English and in India as well, we see that it is a post colonial nation, and

627
01:24:28.510 --> 01:24:49.539
ishani deb: there is a a pipeline and division of 2 medium of instruction. One is the English medium of instruction where English is treated as a first language, and your mother tongue is treated as a second language. As far as the mother tang medium is concerned, it is different in different States.

628
01:24:49.540 --> 01:25:12.310
ishani deb: And since I hail from the State of West Bengal. therefore, Bingoli is my mother term, and Bengali is notified as one of the official languages in the administrative sector of the State of West Bengal, and as well as with the constitutional provision of

629
01:25:12.310 --> 01:25:14.900
ishani deb: India. So

630
01:25:15.460 --> 01:25:29.209
ishani deb: in this case, I'm talking about replacing the what as hegemony. because we find that English has, become all pervasive in the communication sector in the Job market.

631
01:25:29.210 --> 01:25:36.689
ishani deb: And as far as Anglo-centricity is concerned, it's like, when you elevate the status of one language.

632
01:25:36.690 --> 01:26:00.789
ishani deb: and it gives a very myopic view of the other regional languages as a result of which the language which is placed at the elevated plane. has the tendency to become the reference point, and it becomes the only yardstick of scrutinizing the other regional languages or mother tones.

633
01:26:01.070 --> 01:26:25.250
ishani deb: And India has a very interesting case this is because, this particular the political aspect of language inequality, or, or, as the politicians of our country would say, language in position came into existence after independence. where The policymakers or the

634
01:26:25.340 --> 01:26:52.489
ishani deb: lawmakers of the Indian Constitution, even though they formulated different provisions of the Constitution. One of them is the eighth schedule starting from Article 3, 43 to 351, where there there will be 22 official languages. But there was a political inkling declaration towards making the language of English a language of for the administrative purpose.

635
01:26:52.780 --> 01:26:54.040
ishani deb: and

636
01:26:54.270 --> 01:27:20.560
ishani deb: to choose out of the other regional languages a language that will be closer to the Sanskrit language, and will also upload the cultural ethos of India as part of the greater Nation Building project so as to diffuse the dissension of the problem of linguistic assertion. because we know that in India has

637
01:27:20.560 --> 01:27:30.169
ishani deb: regional languages, and the close to 387, and 11 of them are right now, are

638
01:27:30.170 --> 01:27:51.099
ishani deb: considered to be redundant. But there are many dialects as well, which are also considered as part of the opposition languages. So in order to reduce that kind of distension, it was felt necessary by the lawmakers that Hindi we placed about all the other regional languages, but not at par with English.

639
01:27:51.670 --> 01:28:06.700
ishani deb: but at the same time it was also considered necessary that they had that Hindi be considered a language for binding the other people of the different regional geographical location.

640
01:28:07.180 --> 01:28:13.840
ishani deb: So in the was given the status of quote and both national language.

641
01:28:14.000 --> 01:28:36.270
ishani deb: So we find that it is The Anglo-centricity is not only is applicable for English, but also applicable for Hindi, because both the languages started enjoying the supremacy, and hence, getting immunity from the Indian nation state as well, and the discrimination in shil ensu and bing only language in this case

642
01:28:36.430 --> 01:28:39.000
ishani deb: 2 is victimized and remained obscure.

643
01:28:39.960 --> 01:29:09.419
ishani deb: Now, when I talk about this speakers in the regular everyday at this. they do not speak the doctrinated languages, and it is obvious, because, there is a a pen penetration of popular culture. There is a penetration of local dialects. So people including the students, they speak maybe English Bengali as well as Hindi. but that it? And this is why I have talked about the call aspect of linguistic adaptation and linguistic varieties.

644
01:29:09.420 --> 01:29:34.930
ishani deb: But What happens is that this aspect of linguistic adaptation and variety cannot be made use of while you are in the schooling system. because, as I said, that there are 2 mediums are being dipotomized, and that for me is, it's it's not a a bad thing in itself. But the problem arises when the binary

645
01:29:34.930 --> 01:29:44.340
ishani deb: is turned into binary opposites, and that is happening with the initially Bing, only the media school schooling system

646
01:29:45.690 --> 01:29:48.470
ishani deb: so as

647
01:29:48.660 --> 01:30:10.610
ishani deb: in the Indian context, in the post-polonial country, in the the language, English is treated as English as a foreign language, and that is applicable for the pediatric countries as well as against the English language teaching that happens in the 4 and semi very, very for in the case of English as a

648
01:30:10.610 --> 01:30:35.300
ishani deb: or in language, you one finds that it is a complete replacement of your mother tongue. because if I consider the case of English medium schools, your entire journey the academic journey as a student, and all the subjects are taught thoroughly in English. In fact, some of the students I had talked to in the Doctrine station in 2,017 and 19 the English medium to be said that if

649
01:30:35.300 --> 01:30:59.810
ishani deb: by by default we speak our mother term, then minor fines are imposed pairing minor plans and those fines by the school authorities are not continuing to in other state because it is stage, because it is not at all, but in the initial years when you you enroll yourself in the kindergarten section so as to inculcate that aspect that you are supposed to learn English, and and

650
01:30:59.810 --> 01:31:10.319
ishani deb: to the extent of of forgetting your own mother can. And this is a problem of many English mediums. Most students who say that we are not moved in our own mother. Tank Bengali.

651
01:31:12.570 --> 01:31:13.580
ishani deb: So

652
01:31:13.710 --> 01:31:39.270
ishani deb: how is this? a symmetry validated it is with respect to official language. Act of 1,963 where it was mentioned that English and Hindi be exchanged for administrative purposes, disregarding the fact that there are different States of India having different mother tang that are not even closely remote to the Hindi.

653
01:31:39.430 --> 01:32:06.560
ishani deb: But after there have been several language resistance movements in India, and primarily most of them Some of them were directed towards ethno nationalism, and to to the point of by Gottre. But there's one interesting language movement that was not centered around any by Gotti or or or you can say,

654
01:32:06.830 --> 01:32:07.950
ishani deb: yeah.

655
01:32:08.350 --> 01:32:12.619
ishani deb: giving up very bad view of any other

656
01:32:12.830 --> 01:32:27.530
ishani deb: language is the Dravidian linguistic movement. And this linguistic movement was, was carried forward by the States of Tamil nadu the Travidian States of

657
01:32:27.950 --> 01:32:30.369
ishani deb: and these

658
01:32:30.370 --> 01:32:51.000
ishani deb: States. Where of the view that we are not against Hindi, because we are against the language in position, namely, the Hindi, because the Hindi, which is a validated in the Indian constitution, is close to the language of Sanskrit and Sanskrit in the ancient India was not meant for any mass

659
01:32:51.000 --> 01:33:14.539
ishani deb: dissemination or for mass education. It was mainly confined to the Brahmins, the if we consider the caste system the 4 for one Us. System, then it was confined mainly to the Brahmins, and subsequently to the other upper past in India, and it was The timing again was brought in the curriculum as other one as one of the other languages as third language

660
01:33:14.540 --> 01:33:39.489
ishani deb: in the schooling system. And again, it was considered that no like obviously in Sanskrit, with such difficult vocabulary, is not used in India after independence. So let's do away with it. So it again became redundant in the schooling system. It was done away with, in fact, in my when I was a school student we had no language as a Sanskrit, but again it was brought back in the last a few years, and hearing from the students themselves that they are.

661
01:33:39.490 --> 01:33:45.600
you have, considered schools are being asked to take

662
01:33:45.600 --> 01:33:58.939
ishani deb: to tell the students that they take satellite as the third language. So this is where the problem arises, and that this is where the politicians of the Southern States in the sixtys protested that.

663
01:33:58.940 --> 01:34:23.399
ishani deb: as in the language of Sanskrit, is exclusionary in nature, and we have the languages the Javidian languages, which are more close to not Indo-european languages they have. They are indigenous people and have been staying in the Indian mainland prior to the Central Asian invasion these Sanskrit language is, presumed to have

664
01:34:23.500 --> 01:34:30.919
ishani deb: come. so they have. They are stating that this is the concept of in position that they are protesting about

665
01:34:31.100 --> 01:34:48.669
ishani deb: as a result of which the Official Language Act of 1,963 was reformulated in 60 76 creating 3 divisions, A, B and C But we still find that A, B and C is being arbitrarily divided, whereas A is the Hindi speaking states.

666
01:34:48.670 --> 01:35:09.740
ishani deb: these are the States which are AR arbitrary, decided that these languages these States are using words and jargons which are close to close to Hindi. So let's put them in a region D and regencies are the ones that did not even reciprocate towards Cindy. Language adoption. mainly. This will happen in English and a Western, all is one of them. It calls on this section C,

667
01:35:09.740 --> 01:35:27.300
ishani deb: yeah, we find that in the official circle as well, the chief minister of his ring on puts out for any announcement we find that those are in mainly in English, that there has not been any official circle as well. The language of Bengali is also used, so the

668
01:35:27.680 --> 01:35:45.349
ishani deb: in the broad use sense. I would like to talk about that. It is called as a a a a a hosted by certain expectations. exclusively normative expectations that one is found to comply to and

669
01:35:45.600 --> 01:36:13.420
ishani deb: this exclusive the specific arena is the national eligibility. Come in transit, the executionary hearing. And what happens is that in this particular exam, you are supposed to move to the online testing centers guided by the National Testing Agency, where there will be multiple choice question. And initially, this exam was, was thought to be operationalized in 2,013. But as in June, the States protested.

670
01:36:13.420 --> 01:36:37.650
ishani deb: and there was a brief boarding by the Supreme Court, where it was state, and that the different States of India will have the prerogative to take decisions whether to allow this students for this particular centralized medical examination taste, or or their state driven medical examination taste in based on we had West Bengal, you know.

671
01:36:37.650 --> 01:36:50.920
ishani deb: but earlier, with Bingle joint entrance was mainly for the with being called medium students being on a medium as well as there are team English medium schools has been driven by the

672
01:36:51.430 --> 01:37:16.359
ishani deb: and this was for the the exam. Where students could choose that whether to appear to be centralized one or not in the case of centralized one. earlier the the questions were bilingual. It has always been bilingual, but that was mainly of English and Hindi, and this was protested by the States, obviously, but in 2,016 it was out rightly the the

673
01:37:16.360 --> 01:37:39.359
ishani deb: we. You can see the anxiety and the linguistic threat that it possesses towards the representation and identity was out, rightly rejected by the epics port of our country. revoking the earlier notic of the Supreme Court. That note this centralized examination will be the only examination, and States will no longer have any see whether they'll go for the State driven Central

674
01:37:39.360 --> 01:37:47.190
ishani deb: in turn the stage. Even medical interest, taste or not. This time the States will not have any sort of power.

675
01:37:47.270 --> 01:38:12.239
ishani deb: and what happened is cost the death of students from the Non Hindi speaking states, because, firstly, they hail mostly from the a working class and the lower tasks background studying, indeed, vernacular and medium schools primarily, because, the because of the hedge money of English. most of this parents from the middle class in the upper middle class background are retreating from the idea of sending their children

676
01:38:12.240 --> 01:38:37.090
ishani deb: it to be Bingoly medium schools or any other mother time medium schools, as a result of which we find that most of the vernacular medium schools are in shambles in in terms of infrastructure lack of teaching faculty. And also. there has been a case recently for the past one year of teacher, recruitment scam in the state of Miss Bing. All as well where we find that teachers are.

677
01:38:37.090 --> 01:38:48.729
ishani deb: So we can. They're a blank copy during their recruitment process during their own admission test, but somehow getting retreated as a result of they are unable to teach because they don't do anything.

678
01:38:48.780 --> 01:39:09.060
ishani deb: and that is the problem in the Bing only medium schools and and under the guard book lockdowns and COVID-19 pandemic. I in other research project where I was interviewing the undergraduate students, most of the Bing only meetings to say that these schools are closed

679
01:39:09.360 --> 01:39:10.850
ishani deb: during the pandemic.

680
01:39:10.970 --> 01:39:31.319
ishani deb: Deb. Sorry you have about 2 min. Okay, so I move to the I have already mentioned. This is the national medical examination. So I move to the my research findings. So these are the we see that Inish meetings the all the students are actively engaging in the extra molecular activities.

681
01:39:31.430 --> 01:39:34.700
ishani deb: And out of that we find the

682
01:39:35.200 --> 01:39:36.950
ishani deb: Bing only video students

683
01:39:37.040 --> 01:40:01.600
ishani deb: are 26% around 26% actively participating in the science talent competitions. because of the lack of infrastructure. These schools that they know that. they'll have to, you know. get more to bed. With respect to the private tuition with respect to the aptitude case. Those those questions participating in competitions where the questions will be in English and Bengali, and they know that since they are not well versed in Hindi.

684
01:40:01.600 --> 01:40:10.480
ishani deb: and at the time when they'll reach the college when they'll reach the face where they'll appear to the need examination. They'll obviously have to depend on

685
01:40:10.480 --> 01:40:11.730
ishani deb: solely English.

686
01:40:11.730 --> 01:40:39.179
ishani deb: But for the English we give students, that is not the case, because they are already well versed in English, firstly, and they are also at the financial capacity to go for private tuition. So one I'd like to read one notation of in English medium students who say that the Central Board gives importance to both bilingual question, and it is a good thing for the students of Hindi Belt who have difficulty in doing English. But here, in this being on both the translations and wrong sometimes, and are not that reliable?

687
01:40:39.240 --> 01:40:54.310
ishani deb: And it gives the example of his mother that she has to. Difficult She had the difficult task of knowing English in while appearing for the Calcut University examination. And now she herself conducts the private solution for the English medium students and

688
01:40:54.569 --> 01:41:13.540
ishani deb: then other bing on the medium students responded that lack of media exposure for the Bing. Only video schools, unlike the English video school, English videos, tools are advertised in the English daily newspapers, and also in the being only days. But that is not the case for the being all the medium. They say that. look at how the Cbac has improvised at syllabus. We are facing bias, but

689
01:41:13.540 --> 01:41:19.499
ishani deb: we need English in the global ring that cannot begin. Another being only medium is required to remodel along the lines of initially.

690
01:41:20.139 --> 01:41:26.399
ishani deb: Now, lastly, I would talk about what happened in the the section of the

691
01:41:26.559 --> 01:41:30.990
ishani deb: meet examination. Now we see students for this 1,002,018

692
01:41:31.059 --> 01:41:49.570
ishani deb: niche tell you the translation. Even the translations in the regional languages are are very pathetic, and one student also narrated one instant that where you will find that the base of alkalic and acidic base is translated in Bing only as foundation. But it is not foundation. It is a chemistry term.

693
01:41:49.610 --> 01:42:03.199
ishani deb: So that's a technical fault. Most of the regional language to use space. They from Tamil, Nadu, Kamil language, or or Tel Aviv language or Marati language. They have all reached out the Supreme Court, and the Supreme Court has turned down every petition.

694
01:42:03.200 --> 01:42:20.819
ishani deb: and I would like to talk about how the concept of James Spot comes here as public transport where these students who are the receiving and are always, you know, scrutinized whether you are in a position to actually challenge or not. And also I would like to involve the concept of with this symptoms.

695
01:42:20.820 --> 01:42:28.949
ishani deb: so that if you can.

696
01:42:28.950 --> 01:42:39.649
ishani deb: that 25 respondents in English language has become making the academic 10 year, and also the probably infrastructure is resulting in the stereotypes. So I end my presentation here.

697
01:42:39.690 --> 01:42:41.100
ishani deb: Thank you for listening.

698
01:42:41.969 --> 01:42:43.749
and thank you very much.

699
01:42:45.920 --> 01:43:00.510
Yes, we were lucky that on the 5 listed presenters were able to show up and present their papers successfully. If the in-person presenters could kindly come to the front

700
01:43:00.930 --> 01:43:07.229
for questions and the online ones, please be on standby

701
01:43:12.840 --> 01:43:15.580
to the front piece. of course.

702
01:43:22.480 --> 01:43:31.720
So any questions to the participants. There were 2 online. The first one was Nancy Cor Real.

703
01:43:31.980 --> 01:43:38.569
with the presentation from Kenya and the last one Deb, and we have these 3.

704
01:43:39.430 --> 01:43:42.900
Yes. kindly go to the mic.

705
01:43:50.600 --> 01:44:04.310
So good morning. So my question is to Ishani Deb, and the professor from I may have gotten your name. So beginning with Deb

706
01:44:04.800 --> 01:44:13.150
when I just listen to your presentation, I just see a colonized mentality to languages.

707
01:44:13.280 --> 01:44:27.780
and as I read Gaugu I was decolonizing the mind. I don't know if you have interacted with these materials. My question and my question to myself is, how do we envision

708
01:44:27.880 --> 01:44:44.279
mit Ctl and decolonizing the curriculum we are teaching same as myself. So perhaps we can have a brainstorm. How do we talk about it as a problem with the curriculum. So how do we colonize our curriculum? One

709
01:44:44.650 --> 01:44:47.219
and my question to

710
01:44:47.310 --> 01:44:54.290
the professor from Hungary! I'm sorry I did not get your name.

711
01:44:54.310 --> 01:44:56.689
but I appreciate

712
01:44:56.700 --> 01:45:08.049
you raise a lot of many critical questions to my head, but I just think I'll pick one on our gendered language in their political discourse.

713
01:45:08.370 --> 01:45:12.409
that I picked that one because

714
01:45:12.510 --> 01:45:21.570
I see it in my context to I reason it with it. A gendered political discourse that seems to tell women the political discourse.

715
01:45:21.580 --> 01:45:41.260
The political domain does not belong to them, and relegates them to the traditional domain of what you describe as my wife and mother. So how do we again deconstruct this kind of gentered language in a political discourse?

716
01:45:45.530 --> 01:45:48.350
Pap upon it you want to go first, please.

717
01:45:50.360 --> 01:45:51.599
The only

718
01:45:52.980 --> 01:45:59.730
excuse me. She asks a question to you.

719
01:45:59.860 --> 01:46:02.609
I mean yes.

720
01:46:04.060 --> 01:46:05.619
200 ninety-

721
01:46:16.440 --> 01:46:17.790
the

722
01:46:20.830 --> 01:46:22.160
yeah.

723
01:46:22.740 --> 01:46:24.490
Can you hear me? Deb.

724
01:46:24.670 --> 01:46:28.949
ishani deb: Yes, ma'am, shall I answer, yes, please.

725
01:46:29.830 --> 01:46:48.249
ishani deb: Okay. thank you for the question. now I can. talk about the post Colonial writers, for example, are you up with the right and guidelines feedback in their edited volume post, Colonial pretty command. And the problem in India is that

726
01:46:48.250 --> 01:47:12.820
ishani deb: in this schooling system itself. there is a specific factor of treating a particular text in a very fixated notion. where we find that first of all, there is a time constraint in the schooling system. Then you have, more than one assessment examinations that are being added in the final examinations. Those so students do not have any time

727
01:47:12.930 --> 01:47:34.620
ishani deb: to, for example, interpret the text, in the first place, to give out their varied interpretations in terms of identity in terms of language. And the basic problem in India is that more than the post, where we always have the tendency to blame the colonial aspect.

728
01:47:34.620 --> 01:47:58.580
ishani deb: This regarding the fact that I mentioned already that India has a problem of the caste system the notion of a purity and pollution that where the students and the people from the lower Jappy as we call at your jockeys in terms of skin color in terms of their

729
01:47:58.580 --> 01:48:02.470
ishani deb: practices their day to day practices.

730
01:48:02.570 --> 01:48:27.450
ishani deb: They are all great already at the margins from the educational sectors, and even if they are, they are already, under the constant threat of that English language. Where when I talked about the lower middle class section of the Bengali medium students. They said that after we cross the 10, we need to

731
01:48:27.450 --> 01:48:34.480
ishani deb: learn English as a spoken language. Now in Bengali medium schools, they have Bengali as a first language.

732
01:48:34.480 --> 01:48:59.380
ishani deb: and English as a second language, despite that, because of the the curriculum that they find that English language is not using the difficult vocabulary for the west wing or Media board as against the central curriculum. that is thoroughly investing in the literature of Shakespeare and and Byron and Milton.

733
01:48:59.380 --> 01:49:26.049
ishani deb: therefore these students have been only medium, are are, or at a constant thread that we need to learn. English spoke in English classes after we across the tenth education, so that in the eleventh and toed standard or in the colleges, we are not at the risk of getting marginalized, and the unfortunate event is that, as per the National Crime Records, Bureau of India this year.

734
01:49:26.050 --> 01:49:32.419
ishani deb: around 2,000 2,000 students dropped out from the medical force.

735
01:49:32.590 --> 01:49:43.089
ishani deb: and 900 from the postgraduate medical course, because of this very problem of curriculum and the in position of Hindi and English.

736
01:49:43.180 --> 01:50:12.139
ishani deb: And the problem is that in our schooling system we are, deliberately keep the issue of class system or or the problem of linguistic integration for fully linguistic integration. under the carpet. and are, we are not allowed to. Even the teachers, in fact, are not even allowed to deal deeper with respect to their self assumption or or self determination movement, or the caste system. The discrimination that

737
01:50:12.140 --> 01:50:21.829
ishani deb: is perpetuated in the caste system, the notion of segregation. It is not there. when the in the schooling system, where the teachers teach.

738
01:50:21.870 --> 01:50:30.179
ishani deb: But there is a classic case of contradiction. which reminds me of sociologist Andre, because, theory of antinomies of society.

739
01:50:30.300 --> 01:50:31.850
ishani deb: How,

740
01:50:32.100 --> 01:50:53.630
ishani deb: is the the recently formulated national education policy of 2,020 was tabled in the House of the Parliament. And what happens is that the provision states that there has to be. Give the importance be given not only to the classical languages like Sanskrit, but also to the mother tongue.

741
01:50:53.820 --> 01:50:57.979
ishani deb: and all the students should be encouraged to study Mother Term.

742
01:50:58.270 --> 01:50:59.719
ishani deb: and at the same time

743
01:51:00.260 --> 01:51:12.839
sorry it, Debbie. yes, let's do with that. For now, Mary. Kind of follow up for further insights in the interest of time, so that we can come to judge.

744
01:51:12.860 --> 01:51:15.790
So I thank you for your question.

745
01:51:15.840 --> 01:51:17.789
So I suppose I was.

746
01:51:18.000 --> 01:51:25.400
I'm trying to do that logic here, but what I've saying to you because I can underscore or approach it like upside down.

747
01:51:25.520 --> 01:51:30.290
I would like to say that this kind of resurgence.

748
01:51:30.520 --> 01:51:31.860
violent.

749
01:51:32.560 --> 01:51:39.460
a retraditionalization of women's space again, out of the public

750
01:51:39.510 --> 01:51:43.210
into the the domestic sphere.

751
01:51:43.320 --> 01:51:46.529
rests on an understanding

752
01:51:47.360 --> 01:51:56.299
that it can happen as long as it is made into a natural common sense, obvious understanding

753
01:51:56.520 --> 01:52:00.910
that there are male and female bodies.

754
01:52:01.040 --> 01:52:02.110
Okay.

755
01:52:02.120 --> 01:52:09.079
So in that sense, like every essentialization of sexual difference, because then we can

756
01:52:09.190 --> 01:52:18.320
keep the order of the world okay in peace, in complementarity with one another, because these.

757
01:52:18.550 --> 01:52:26.689
this sex would then be reinforced as the anchorage point for understanding

758
01:52:26.800 --> 01:52:29.090
a so-called set of

759
01:52:29.420 --> 01:52:50.640
traits and characteristic features which would best be cultivated in case of women in one space, and a set of traits and characteristic features linked up with male sites that would best be enacted and and explored and

760
01:52:50.870 --> 01:53:04.420
brought to the fool if they are in the public space. So, in other words, what I'm trying to propose. In the first place, when we try to critique, this is to instead of understanding

761
01:53:04.490 --> 01:53:09.290
gender itself has 2 sets of roles.

762
01:53:09.450 --> 01:53:15.029
Okay, even in families. This falls. Okay, that resonates with this kind of

763
01:53:15.050 --> 01:53:38.660
foundationalist understanding of this dichotomized system and understand gender. As a matter of relationships, as a matter of relating, in which case it is inevitably made into a dynamic concept. And then we can start asking questions like.

764
01:53:38.660 --> 01:53:48.880
why would particular understandings and ways of living and entitlements distributed in different ways with an appeal to

765
01:53:49.370 --> 01:53:59.639
this essentialized understanding of gender as 2 separate sets of obvious checklists. Okay, like, when you go to do shortly.

766
01:53:59.740 --> 01:54:06.730
and that I don't want to be a shocking list. Okay? And that would then also you tell that gender

767
01:54:06.830 --> 01:54:18.579
with gender relations by definition that are multiple in those tenses of the world. And then there is nothing obvious

768
01:54:18.600 --> 01:54:21.710
about it. And then we can start

769
01:54:21.750 --> 01:54:27.299
asking questions like, why should one be here or there, and not somewhere else?

770
01:54:27.450 --> 01:54:33.190
And then it's not a question for women only then it is not a matter of women's issues

771
01:54:33.800 --> 01:54:41.119
that would also allow us to start with like, okay, which group, okay, is there

772
01:54:41.170 --> 01:54:43.850
to earn the benefits.

773
01:54:44.620 --> 01:54:54.129
the unearned benefits, the benefits that they have not worked for, but potentially are entitled to enjoy.

774
01:54:54.400 --> 01:55:02.220
Right? Then we can talk about institutions, and not particularly individuals who will stand up saying like, but I am not like that.

775
01:55:02.820 --> 01:55:14.049
I am this lovely caring blah blah blah! But I didn't talk about you. I'm talking about practices that are organized into particular

776
01:55:14.090 --> 01:55:16.570
discriminating institutions.

777
01:55:19.300 --> 01:55:27.249
Okay, thank you. I can see we'll run down for 5 kg, I don't know if we are now to it. Sense. good!

778
01:55:32.570 --> 01:55:41.870
Thank you for for the opportunity, and I thank the presenters for the wonderful presentations. I have questions for

779
01:55:42.590 --> 01:55:46.160
the presenter who presented on the antique

780
01:55:46.490 --> 01:55:52.350
across a I didn't get a topic now. But can you?

781
01:55:53.080 --> 01:55:57.820
Are you trying to lighten your handshake to patronage

782
01:55:57.990 --> 01:56:14.299
in terms of the patrons and the declines? I mean in the political space in Kenya. What are you trying to? A message you are trying to pass across with Co. Mean paper for

783
01:56:14.470 --> 01:56:16.919
Professor, who presented on

784
01:56:17.150 --> 01:56:24.209
the Liberal Union. And what have there are examples about in Nigeria about it?

785
01:56:24.230 --> 01:56:38.520
The what you have presented? Now, what did you take a importance of guest show in why you are looking at, I mean the languages they using and passing messages across

786
01:56:38.780 --> 01:56:39.890
for

787
01:56:39.950 --> 01:56:44.550
yeah, I I

788
01:56:46.090 --> 01:56:49.000
from India, and who presented on

789
01:56:50.280 --> 01:56:58.130
on on language I I did you take. Did you make it for? To look at the rows the family plays in there

790
01:56:58.140 --> 01:57:08.270
in insisting this language on the students, because, you know. parents I mean playing. I have a major role to play Wednesday.

791
01:57:08.380 --> 01:57:16.390
insisting language on there on their walls, and there are examples in Nigeria where

792
01:57:16.660 --> 01:57:18.090
we about

793
01:57:19.240 --> 01:57:24.989
2 set of people who, a set of students who are the

794
01:57:25.090 --> 01:57:52.899
who, I thought in modern language, and the other, who were taught in English language, and where the the ones who who were in more than one which actually performed better in the in the examination in standards examination. I I I'm thinking whether you should look at the rules, your family, because the family, I'm afraid they will run out of time if you don't ask a question if I'm in. Oh, okay.

795
01:57:52.910 --> 01:58:05.129
Oh, okay. So what's the role of the family in all of this? And then, madam? A professor from Russia. At what point it puts in you come

796
01:58:05.580 --> 01:58:08.000
autocratic. Thank you.

797
01:58:08.370 --> 01:58:15.440
And thank you. The first question was to Nancy Corriel, Nancy, I hope you are still online.

798
01:58:15.460 --> 01:58:18.669
Nancy Langat: Yes, yes, I am online. So

799
01:58:18.780 --> 01:58:32.670
Nancy Langat: the handship came in as a result of the post election violence following the 2,017 disputed elections in Kenya. Now, my paper in my paper, I'm trying to.

800
01:58:32.720 --> 01:58:38.709
Nancy Langat: you see, different interpretations of the same. The politicians have their own interpretations

801
01:58:38.910 --> 01:58:44.969
Nancy Langat: the media also has their own. So I'm looking at how the media constructed handshake

802
01:58:45.020 --> 01:58:50.089
Nancy Langat: er in Kenya. That's that's the point I will forecast in my paper.

803
01:58:50.660 --> 01:58:57.380
Thank you. Brief and to the point. The second question was to Malim at the end.

804
01:58:58.390 --> 01:59:20.570
 the

805
01:59:28.930 --> 01:59:29.730
so

806
01:59:30.410 --> 01:59:35.829
my data is first formed. The asylum seekers.

807
02:00:00.450 --> 02:00:04.860
Okay, thank you. And the next question was to Deb.

808
02:00:08.790 --> 02:00:18.700
ishani deb: yes, if I understand clearly the question was that the role of parents right in the language implementation.

809
02:00:18.780 --> 02:00:19.790
Yes.

810
02:00:20.400 --> 02:00:33.320
ishani deb: okay. So I conducted the research from the vantage point of the night that day, standard adolescence. And they said that the parents in my study around 56% wanted to study the

811
02:00:33.470 --> 02:00:45.210
ishani deb: same education whether in the eleventh as a part of science, and then, subsequently in the colleges, either in the engineering or medical field, or in as bachelors of science specialization.

812
02:00:45.380 --> 02:01:13.769
ishani deb: Why? And the parents are of the view as told by the responders the addresses that they felt that signs. unfortunately, this is a case that science in India is The the notion is that they provide a lucrative job, and and are mostly, better, paid a moderate to highly paid as per your performance, and scores as you move around in the colleges, whether in the ambiguous river or in the engineering, or in the size faculty.

813
02:01:14.010 --> 02:01:38.510
ishani deb: which is not the unfortunate, and it is also gendered notion that a a size is quite masculine, and studying humanities and social science will not only catch you less remuneration, but it is also not suitable being a for example, a male candidate, and even the female responders to face the same. But another problem is that people forget that in the same education

814
02:01:38.510 --> 02:02:02.180
ishani deb: it is a meals who, outnumbered as compared to the females, even though there are certain you know, provisions, and the workshops being conducted by the central government, where you are in where the female response where the female students are encouraged to enroll in the assigned sectors more. And the second aspect is that these students said that these parents are are looking for

815
02:02:02.180 --> 02:02:26.459
ishani deb: private tuition outside school hours more than one options either to or maximum 3 for mathematics, English and physical science and license, the physics, chemistry, and biology part. So I see that the parents are are very competitive in their nature, and that, too, it is very gendered in the sense that the mothers who are mainly the housewife.

816
02:02:26.460 --> 02:02:51.129
ishani deb: having even the post graduate degree are engaged in The children's regular studies. Where are the fathers who are mostly employed are are not even are mostly oblivious of what their students are, in which class they are, in fact, many students that that my father doesn't even know which class I mean as compared to the mothers who are mainly postgraduate and graduates, even though they're educated.

817
02:02:51.630 --> 02:03:02.679
So thank you. Thank you for your elaborate answer. And now, to a quick response to.

818
02:03:02.900 --> 02:03:06.730
He became democratic for his school years.

819
02:03:06.830 --> 02:03:10.420
because it's the system of education.

820
02:03:10.970 --> 02:03:21.089
and he achieved almost absolute power during 2 3 years of his presidency.

821
02:03:21.150 --> 02:03:27.580
it was because the permission of the society of the political class.

822
02:03:29.370 --> 02:03:35.930
Okay, thank you. Let's all give ourselves a good

823
02:03:36.270 --> 02:03:37.329
thank you.

824
02:03:37.610 --> 02:03:39.000
2 or 3 years. And after that.