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So our first presentation is by Ras Shukla.

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So let's be here.

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Think.

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hello in this

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right?

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Hello, Hi, everyone! A very pleasant afternoon to everyone present here. Thank you so much for joining this session.

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It's my pleasure to present our paper in progress. Title tracing policy changes in the Indian climate. Justice discourse

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that I'm working on with my supervisor, Professor Pradhep Swungar, and my colleague Shwangi, sate.

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So here we are trying to look at how the Indian Climate Justice discourse has evolved through

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3 important climate conferences.

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so. To start.

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Why is it not changing?

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Yeah. So to start. since

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the time when climate has been talked about, when when it became an international issue, it has been an issue of justice, especially specifically expressed in terms of the differences between the global North and global South. in terms of distributive justice like, who is responsible

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for climate change. Who's paying the cost and who is responsible for its mitigation? And India has played a central role in formulating this discourse this global north versus global south international climate justice discourse.

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There has been a parallel movement where the

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climate justice issue has been taken at the domestic level

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which most which majorly stems from a rich legacy of environmental justice movement in the country and in both these discourses Both at the international level and domestic level. Civil society organizations have played a significant role in formulating and sustaining this discourse.

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So if we look temporarily so, the first If we look at the first phase. Before 2,007, it was mostly Mostly about formulating the international climate, justice

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discourse, and where where it was mostly about pinning the responsibility of climate mitigation on the developed countries

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and at the domestic level. the the connection of environmental justice issues with climate issues. Wasn't that strong? It was mostly about. And the debate between elite environmentalism and environmentalism of the poor.

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next? If we look at the next period of 2,007, 2,014! This was an important period. Where.

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where, at the international level, the international climate justice discourse and that is also institutionalized as common but differentiated responsibility in the UN. Fcc. Started weakening. And therefore there was an intensified effort for defending it at the international level in terms of domestic climate justice we see diversification.

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And my rising prominence of

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of aligning environmental justice issues with the with the climate, justice issues and post 2,014. We see that there is a

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there's a the international climate. Justice discourse sees a moderating impact with

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with renewed emphasis on domestic climate action. And there is an in the and there is a parallel intensification of climate, domestic climate, justice, discourse, especially in terms of differences between the emissions by rich and poor within the national and sub national boundaries.

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So of

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so when we see these changes that the evolution of climate, justice discourse has been a multi stakeholder process unlike other policy subsystems. there has been a very proactive involvement of

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multiple types of organizations, especially civil society organizations. So in this paper, we are trying to look at how? various actors interact

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and interact based on their policy beliefs and how they and how they have affected various policy changes. So for this, we draw concepts from 2 theoretical frameworks. first, climate justice which talks about the distributional impacts of

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climate change. So the ones who are responsible for it. the ones who are not responsible for it are paying the cost. We are mostly concerned with the International and Domestic Level by dimensions of climate justice.

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an advocacy collision framework where it it allows for for dealing with the multi stakeholder policy process, like climate change, headed by various actors as seen to collaborate with the each other, based on their policy preferences based on these. we have 2 major research questions, how has the nature of conflict on international climate justice change to the 3 conferences

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so approaching for approaching these 2 research questions we draw from media data sourced from 3 more circulated English dailies.

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employing a representative keywords of climate change in global warming and using the method of discourse network analysis where statement statement made by actors in the news articles forms the unit of analysis which is coded for 4 main variables

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actor who's speaking the statement, the organization to which the actor belongs, the concept to which the actor is referring, and agreement, or a disagreement, or his or her agreement or disagreement with the concept, and on based on this agreement and disagreement we have derived

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advocacy coalitions for each of the year. So coming on to the result. for 2,009 was the time when when Indian climate policy saw a major change.

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initially, it was mostly about insulating the country from any kind of mitigative action.

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but in 2,009 there was a change in change in stance

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And this was the first time when climate change was discussed in the Parliament, and this is reflected in the 2 collisions that you've got here. So the the collision on the right, which is title differentiation for development because they hold uphold this idea of differentiation between developed countries and developing countries

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going to the developmental needs of the developing countries.

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This is mostly dominated by opposition parties.

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and this, and it is opposed to the conditional differentiation coalition which recognizes the differentiation between the between the develop and developing countries. But with certain conditions of voluntary mitigative action so interestingly. in 2,009, the environmental minister Jeremiah

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made took a stance which was which was against, which was really against a very sacrificed position of India bit differentiation with the Cbdr. So we see Prime Minister's office and Ministry of Environmental collision on separate coalition. So this is an interesting

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fact that we could draw from our data

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coming on to 2,015, we see compositional differences in the in the coalition. So differentiation for development with with increased focus on domestic action.

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the coalition for differentiation for development recognizes the need for domestic action, and that that there's a change in the policy belief and which is reflected in the change in the name

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and the conditional differentiation coalition is mostly dominated by International actors, although they differ in their recognition of differentiations. So most of the intergovernmental organization recognize the differentiation, while most of the countries.

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Go for a universe! Advocate for a universal binding agreement!

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We see also an emergence of a third coalition, which is the domestic which advocates for domestic climate justice based on the national differences between the emissions of the rich and poor, and it critiques the developmental Agenda! That.

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the differentiation for development differentiation for development coalition advocates. So I have, I'll have to run. And this is for 2021 Glasgow, where, we see diversification both in terms of policy beliefs that the 3 Coalition hold, and as well as the the actors and the type of actors that are there in the in the coalition.

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if we look at if you look at comparatively then we see a change in the moderate like

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change in a very sacrificing position of the Indian climate policy, where? The the Cvdr principle is weakening with more focus on domestic action

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or and more, more actors in terms of State and subnational South South, intergovernmental organizations and also international actors will have a prominent presence and conflict with the government. mostly depends on if they're supporting the governmental stances like international civil society organizations or

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other countries.

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in terms of domestic climate justice. It was mostly cso dominated, which diversified to include more subnational State actors and research organizations. with major policy beliefs of ecological critique of Developmental agenda that forms the basis of the Cbdr principle

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and intra-country inequality and emissions between rich and poor.

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So the Csos here play a very important role.

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because they these society organizations have played a major role in bringing about a change in the international policy stance of the country.

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So an, and they happen to be to be. if we look at the figures they happen to be the the connecting figures in the, in, the, in connecting nodes in the in between various coalitions. So they have a very important role to play in terms of bringing about policy change. So to conclude, we have.

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so we see that there's a moderating the international climate, justice, the discourse and international climate justice has a moderating moderating impact, while there is a rising significance of domestic climate justice, and therefore there is a need to engage more meaningfully with the domestic climate justice

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movement. because it hasn't really, even after emergence of a strong domestic climate, justice discourse. There hasn't been a very meaningful policy engagement with this discourse. So this is something we recommend to the policymakers. And there are limitations, of course, which comes with media data, because we haven't included vernacular media. And we cannot

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have. like. We cannot have a proper validation for the media statements that act as May and that opens room for future research. Thank you.

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It's not the share we should get to share this with. Yes.

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Yixi Yang: thank you.

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Yes, you see

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what? You you

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Yixi Yang: alright. So my slides are there?

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Yeah, okay.

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Yixi Yang: thank you.

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Yixi Yang: Hi, everyone. I'm Michelle. I'm a Phd. Candidate at Memorial University of Newfoundland in Canada. it's too bad. I can join you in person in Australia. cause I wasn't able to travel due to some visa issues. So it's

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Yixi Yang: anyway. So I hope my this virtual participation could still make a meaningful contribution to the session. the very last session of the conference.

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Yixi Yang: yeah, So so so today, I'm gonna present

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Yixi Yang: our recent work about the dynamics in climate policy discussion network on China's Wepo, which is the counterparts the tiniest counterpart of Twitter. So I should also mention this this study is also a part of my Phd project supervised by Dr. Started. who is in the conference room right now.

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Yixi Yang: okay, So let me get started. So we all know that there has been increasing constances in the literature are going for the importance of public participation in environmental governance and research has shown that communication is the key in this process, in in in terms of mob mobilizing citizen engagement, and also

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Yixi Yang: to promote more active public participation with climate change politics, and also climate change discourse

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Yixi Yang: and social media in particular, has emerged as a very important channel for individuals to engage in climate, politics, and climate discourse either in more you know. Organize the for such as the climate strikes, or in those more individualized forms. for instance, just the posting

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Yixi Yang: climate change related means in our everyday online talks. So because of that.

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Yixi Yang: we see, there is a rich body of research emerging to discuss this question of whether and how social media this supposed to be a more participatory and more decentralized the kind of communication methods how that could be leveraged to promote to contribute to public engagement with climate change.

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Yixi Yang: so let's room out a little bit to the general, to the, to the literature on the general relationship between social media and specific engagement in public or political life. So the literature shows that there is a generally positive association between using social media for informational purposes and also for a social purposes

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Yixi Yang: and civic in engagement. So, for instance, this matter and an analysis conducted by a Poly a in 20 15 shows that information no use, and the intern, as in sorry interaction or use of social media is found to be positively correlated with public participation. measured by different indicators.

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Yixi Yang: in many studies. so this seems to be a very promising picture. but we have to be careful that in the same matter analysis study she flags at the author plans lacked out that. this sort of a supporting evidence is less consistent

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Yixi Yang: for from studies that's using panel data. So this points to our attention to the temporal dimension in this relationship between using social media and increasing civic engagement.

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Yixi Yang: because the same positive correlation association between those 2 things

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Yixi Yang: could be, you know, without distinguishing the the temporal order there it it's kind of tricky to claim this positive image or positive role of social media you use in in terms of increasing public participation in climate change related issues. So it could be

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Yixi Yang: like more, using more social media to to talk about climate change leading to more participation actions as the individual level or it could be the other way around, right without distinguishing the the, the, the, the temporal dimension. We can't really tell the direction of effects

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Yixi Yang: there. So this is a puzzle that's motivated my study in this case.

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Yixi Yang: so it's a very simple question. But it's hard to answer. since the early days of media studies. Researchers have already, had this debate over influence versus selection issue. So on one hand, we have, we have this media influence thesis which argues for the influence of media consumption on people's political attitude and people's action.

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Yixi Yang: But, on the other hand, we also have this selective exposure thesis which I use for which is based on this idea that people tend to talk or tend to connect with seminar others, and they tend to consume a opinion, a formative kind of content. when they have the choice to choose their media outlets

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Yixi Yang: so and this becomes even worse or even easier to do with the with with with social media, right with the high controllability of digital media. So those 2 faces are the 2 major dominant thesis in the literature.

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Yixi Yang: but But if you pay attention to it, you can notice that both this is, even though they argue for different directions of the effects both of them conceptualize it. Sort of, you know, one way, linear effect. It's like a one time thing.

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Yixi Yang: But a recent theoretical advancement in political communication is this reinforcing spirals model which argues for a more dynamic and back and forth. Kind of interaction between those 2 variables.

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Yixi Yang: so it argues for the the those are not static or independent kind of process. But I'm usually reinforcing process.

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Yixi Yang: so this model theoretical model has gained increasingly more empirical support in recent years, but we found that the existing studies they are mostly based on methodological individualism, which means they mostly use individualized measurement indicators to look at.

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Yixi Yang: to look at voices, indicators of the time consumed social media by individuals. what has been, oh, largely overlooked in previous study is this social network structure that contextualize people's action.

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Yixi Yang: After all, we have already know that the this importance of social networks has has, has been well documented in various fields. So this tracks significant gaps in the literature. therefore, this, that they use this network approach to address this dynamic interactions between those 2 variables?

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Yixi Yang: so, specifically, I use the the plastic after oriented models. which I don't have time to to talk about right now. But if you I if you have questions, I'm happy to discuss that later in the Q. A. Session

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Yixi Yang: So the data was collected from China's. We were using snow old sampling approach from 20 and 19 to 2021

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Yixi Yang: so on, the that's network side. We use. We use the this relationship based on reposting and mentioning. And the way up build 3 wave longitudinal network. This is the visualization of this, how? How the network involves each year, and on the individual side, we use the the

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Yixi Yang: we use the percentage of individuals climate change policy related to post in their or climate change posts, the the percentage as the indicator so this is down using

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Yixi Yang: okay. okay,

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Yixi Yang: okay, so this is down using a missionary method. because of the share size of the account, the the the text. So I wasn't able to code them manually So let me just jump to the results. I'm going to, just to highlight a few key things so overall our model shoes, general support to the reinforcing model

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Yixi Yang: spirals model. But the key point here is the this. This. This interaction isn't based on a simple idea, like more usage of social media, would lead to more participation and vice versa at the individual level, because we don't see any significant parameters at the individual level.

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Yixi Yang: But this sort of reinforcement works at the dialectic level, which means people with similar participation levels in the previous time would lead to to a higher likelihood, to build communication relationship and also vice versa. People having communication ties in the previous

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Yixi Yang: time point would adopt a seminar participation level in a later time. So this is based on dynamic re relations. And the second major finding of our study is that we all the network structural effects. They are very, very they are significant, and they are very important. They expand a large part of the

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Yixi Yang: how the passing, how people interact to discuss climate change on China's way. Well, so let me just jump to the final conclusion of taking all those findings together. So This study had the findings from our study. highlights 2 things. First, is the importance of social

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Yixi Yang: relational dimension. and the second is this dynamic inter inter interplay between communication and participation. It's not a one way static relationship. But it's like a reinforcing spirals. Okay, so that wraps up my presentation. I thank you for your attention, and I look for to your question, or any comments you may have later. thank you.

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Thank you very much

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for a fantastic presentation

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you can. Yeah.

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Now we have.

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Katie.

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Hmm!

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What is your presentation?

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The conversation?

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What?

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Okay? hello, everyone. I'm I'm Katie Sato from university from Japan. If it's a cooperative paper as listed here, and of all for many, many other compound team members which I cannot with them all due to the lack of time. But thank you very much.

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well, so my talk, it's about the climate change and the the corroboration partners. Diversity, as we know that climate change is a very wicked problem. The the issues of the covered area is very diverse, and also the interest of it is so diverse, and the which is very hard to lead to the agreement.

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But for for for making an agreement, you need to communicate with those others who have a different opinion from you. But our argument here is that so? This level of communicating with those who have a different opinion may be different in the at the the institutional settings. They are sitting.

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So what I said in the introduction is pure is in pretty much covered by the fairly called autopsy collection framework, which is one of the major policy framework process framework. And it says that as a researcher we can build the policy process as a petition between different advocacy and coalitions that shapes the climate policy making process and the national with Moses

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and Arabicasi correlation is the group of different type of organizations that hold the same policy preferences or policy beliefs in in the political terms. And, as I said, the focus of this paper is how countries institutional settings, namely, the coalition opportunity structures

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influence the creation of arrival of the coalitions.

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The focus of the focus on the out of coalition opportunity structure is actually rather new in the history of the Sdf fairly theoretical development.

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the A Cf. Was initially proposed by the Paul Sabatier from the from the U. S. But when the Sabotier and proposed his model to the European countries, and he was, he get a harsh criticism by the European Scots that fuel said that. Hey? Your model is too American centuristic.

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And the way how organization coordinates is a bit different in the European countries.

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and through the deep discussion the opportunity to act as was added into the framework.

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So what is this? It is actually borrowed from the famous comparative political literature, especially by the one of the proposed by Andrei Lapheart.

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She proposed that in the stable democracy countries there are actually 2 variations

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in one, variations in pluralist, majoritarian democracies. Countries like you, like the Us. Political actors, political actors have a moderate level of the norms of compromise, and the different difference in interf is discussed in the open decision making system where many organizations are mobilized for fighting, for the for the win.

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the other variant. It's a consensus. Democracy, like Nordic countries, where organizations hold the strong norms of convent with mating and the compromise.

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But but this is typically done by some peak organizations, and hence the participation to policy making is reflective to larger organizations.

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This is, however, the things that that that is just argued in the fairly but not empirically investigated investigated. Why? Because because because of the lack of the data.

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However, the data fed of the compound comparing climate change policy networks, projects are loads of to do this, and it also hope free advances to. Nor is the father.

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for this is our main expectation. in the majoritarian democracy organizations should predominantly communicate with those organizations that hold similar policy beliefs, and a firmly communicated communicate with those that have a different beliefs.

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Hence the degree of having a communication channel, with those having a different policy belief. which called in Ferdinand theoretical terms of the A Cf. Cross coalition. Coordination should be less

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by contrast. In consent of democracy, there should be more frequent cross-coalition coordination.

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So how? How we should investigate this empirically. As I said, we use the compound data fit. Among this, we use the 8 countries as lifted here.

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and and we use labels, and democracy score as an indicator for coalition opportunities to access

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for measuring networks. We use the item in the questionnaire for bay in each country that asks with which organizations the your organization corroborated on regular base, and we have a bunch of items that asks each organizations? the policy stances.

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And we we then selected the top 10 controversial issues, and in each country as measuring for the policy policy positions in each country.

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Our main dependent, variable is the organization as an egocentric networks. Average belief, diversity on the top 10 controversial issues. And this I know, this sounds very technical. But to illustrate, let us look at the simplified illustration.

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let's assume that in this example there are only 2 persistences represented green and white.

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Our focal organization ego has a stances of green angle has many communication partners. Some of them may have the stances that have the same as ego, and some may be different

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in the picture. In your right, on Ego's belief, diversity is low, because all of the connected artists have the same belief as the ego.

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By contrast. In the left picture ego has a diverse belief, because it has 3 partners that have the same stances as ego, but also has 3 authors that have a different opinions, and, as I said, and our main independent viable is a layout type of democracy score.

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We have 3 control variables, the first variable measures, the degree of having ties with the influential, others. the the on control. But variable is the organizational homophily which which simply counts the the degree They communicated with the same category, such as N deal tend to to communicate with the and the so on

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and the after control variable is the number of the number of the partners, each eagle hearts

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we we will show you the result in the 3 steps? in the first step I will show you the simply a simple correlation on the x-axis of the of this figure. I put the layout the democracy score. The negative value indicates that the majority of Italian democracy and the policy positive value indicates consensus democracy

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on the Y-axis. I put the actors network belief, diversity, and, as you can say, overall, and actors in the contents of democracy tend to to communicate it with those actors who have a different policy beliefs from them.

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and, in other words, actors in the consensus democracy tend to have a lower belief homophily, which confirms our expectation. However, Japan is actually the outrider here, but they have very low diversity score.

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In the second step I will show you the multi-level regression model.

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Okay, and it basically confirms our expectation with also with this model, because the the consensus democracy score is still significant, even if I control them in the model

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at the last step which is the most and so interesting part of this investigation. I investigate how each main and the control variables influences each other by applying a multi-level structure equation model.

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With this figure you can understand that mechanism much clearly. First of all, the consensus democracy has a delayed impact on the actors, belief, diversity which But which we have already seen.

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But in addition to it, it also has an undelected effect.

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Actors in the convent of democracy, and tend to have a more out degree, meaning that actors tend to have more communication channels which in turn result in the diversity of their collaborative partners.

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But the more interesting things is that the actors in the major Italian democracies, indicated by the negative coefficient cannot reform with those actors who have influential organizations and that actually mitigate also and that also result in the diversity, belief, diversity.

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So here the implication actors in the Confederate democracy corroborated with many actors. because they need wider consensus, which result in the lower belief. Homophily

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and the the opposite side is the flip side of this is that the actors in the major Italian democracy tend to exhibit on polarization in the

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but, however, if there is only the mechanism that we can see in the working. In the major Italian democracy the society may broke down because they cannot reach under agreement.

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but there is another mechanism that the counterparts is the moderitarian democracy. actors in majoritarian democracy tend to corroborated with influential actors, regardless of their beliefs, which result in the belief. Divorce.

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Yeah, for the this is the last flight. That which it basically repeats. And and the the last one, I I'd like to say is about the Japanese Japanese case. Why, it's an extremely nice case, and our our our force is that it reflects the an effect of a Fukushima nuclear accident.

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At that time most of the climate change politics are discussed in a connection with the nuclear energy in a very polarized manner. So we think Japanese cases give us a valuable insights about the when credential opportunity structure matters. In the times of the external shock, the effect of Opportunity! Structures may fade away. Thank you very much.

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Okay.

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Now I request, James.

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Yes.

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thanks very much. Rather than take you for a very long. our point. I might

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talk to this project?

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and

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maybe in the meantime I'll just take you to. I may.

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I able to raise a website on this? Okay.

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I just stop sharing. I'll just talk to.

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So the the project is reported on a website that's

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decarve energy or one word

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dot net decod energy. So it's a five-year project. We're writing it up now for a book with

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Cambridge, with a research group that previously worked on another five-year projects, and published a book with them in 2,020, called Beyond the Coal Rush.

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This new book is going to be called Decarbonizing Energy.

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sorry decarbonizing electricity. and, like the first book on coal. This is a comparison of 3 countries, India, Australia.

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and Germany.

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So I'll just talk over that where we're going with the project, and hopefully

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some interest.

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it's a project among 8 investigators across the 3 countries.

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As I said, 5 years funded by the Australian Research Council. Our starting point for the project was.

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I look?

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obviously the need to decarbonize electricity, to move away from coal and gas, and in particular the modeling from Irena, the International Renewable Energy Agency that there's a need to move from the current percent renewable energy in electricity to 86% by 2,050. And the on current growth rates.

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the world will reach about 55% by 2,050. So there's a shortfall there, about 36. So about 30%.

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So Iina, in their modeling, try to, you know, talk about how to they reach this 86%. And they offer a model based essentially on private investment for utility scale, large scale.

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a private, renewable energy assisted by the State. The debate then becomes, how can you enable private financing to flow into renewable energy.

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partly from fossil fuels, of course, but in addition to that, and enable this boost

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So we were interested in finding out what this assuming this is to happen. Obviously it. It poses enormous questions in terms of social transformation, in terms of transformation, of socioeological relations, and we wanted to investigate. Regions where this kind of transformation had already happened to some extent.

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If you go to the regional level, you do find regions which have moved quite strongly to regional, so to to renewable energy. And we chose these 3 countries because of It's a comparison in contrast.

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we have Germany, which is all often be presented as a leader, Australia, a laggard on climate policy, of course, and of course, India, which is post-colonial industrialising as against Australia, which is extractivist in its in its base, and Germany, which is post-industrial. So a study in contrast, and the regions we picked were Karnataka, which has 50% renewables, and Brandenburg with 70

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percent renewables that's in terms of generation capacity. So the question then, we asked ourselves was. first, how this is how this was this achieved in these, in these, in these contexts. And of course, it's largely achieved through private, large scale

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renewables. And what impacts did this have in terms of social legitimacy, of renewable energy, assuming that is required. If we are going to embark further down this road, and what implications does it have for social relations on the ground. In this we focus on 2 main aspects in terms of where we are conceptualising and writing this up. Now.

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first off is the corporate State nexus in relation to renewable the renewable's spatial fix for capital to enable accumulation from renewables, a stable income from renewables over time to encourage that investment, a process of enclosure, appropriation, and capture, and that capture, of course, is a capture for large-scale, utility-based private, private private private private private private renewables not.

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And most importantly not are other models, in other words, not community based, distributed, or household. In fact, the 2 are increasingly posed against one another. So this is a process of capture. For that sector! But at the same time we are interested in the simultaneous process. The extent to which this this energy transformations or energy transitions.

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as their envision by arena creates new forms of collective life. Here we are inspired by David Mitchell his work on the extent to which energy transitions bring about transformations in wider society, the transition to coal, of course, the transition from coal to oil, and he talks about it, poses this question about the transitions and renewal, was asking, what changes will transfer.

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Emotions in collective life are coming with, and he doesn't simply mean we don't simply mean changes in the way energy is provided

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we mean changes in the way society operates. If you think about the move from you know, from biofuels to to coal. We think of the shift we're talking about major social transformations, new contestations we're looking for in these contexts, new constituencies, new claims

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being made being generated in the process. Understanding. This is a generative process that produces new possibilities, and if you track it, it certainly is. It's a process of experimentation on both sides, both in terms of the the energy corporates and the governments concerned, and in terms of on the ground. And we're asking the bigger question, of course, what?

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Which is the democratic question? As Mitchell was always concerned with the shift from carbon democracy. What after carbon democracy in terms of maybe climate democracy. Our method is comparative. As I've said, it's political economy and ethnography.

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anthropology, in fact, with a good deal of a few media outputs our outlets, and we're very happy that the case study we're looking at in India. The Pth gader solar Power was picked up actually by the New Yorker. A really interesting article in the Yorkca about the Pavkada Solar Solar Farm, which I'll talk about in a minute. I want to check how much time there?

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I don't have 2 min. but that's all by way of instruction.

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 so

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So in terms of this spatial fix, we're finding a number of dimensions. Of course, there's there's the prospectors that that go out into these areas and and look for high resource. wind and solar and strike deals locally with landholders. Often this technology ecology nexus. There's the question of regulation, the way the State

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sets up, as I said, a frameworks, principally through power purchase agreements, which run over 25 years, give stability for those corporate investors. what happens with capital? The shift from the small scale and gradual, actually not gradual, very rapid concentration of capital. So that now, for instance, in India, the the only companies really bidding on the big Ppas pur purchase agreements are not

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even the Indian conglomerates. They are the big international investment houses. capital concentration impacts on land and labor in terms of stratification. The extent to which renewable energy is always benefits the landholders. Of course not always, but in the first instance we'll we'll have a a benefit to landholders. unless the land is stolen, of course. And in terms of labour, the minimal impacts on in terms of in terms of work

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and questions of transmission, pricing and downstream. Index downstream, of course, is a major way in which these these renewable energy, this renewable energy, is, is legitimized in terms of anticipated new industries arising from cheap power.

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So that's certainly the case in South Australia, which is very much. Where? Where? Where wind especially, has been established in the aftermath of the closure of of coal-fired power, plenty of land owned by a small number of people, pastoralists, who who acquired the land under colonial on the colonial period.

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and and transmission in some of the industrial areas. So there's these kind of factors, which which then explain why it takes off, as it were, why big investors want to set up there. But there's also the facilitation by the state, as I mentioned in Karnataka, we we a very interesting shift initially to wind a very small scale, a wave of small scale, then then move to much larger scale corporate in motion to wind. We've investigated

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a particular site, Shimoga, and then the solar comes at very large scale, 12,000 hectares, 2 gigawatt plant of Pavka, which we investigated in some in some depth. Again, innovation, experimentation, the creation of special purpose agencies to lease the land of the local people, a plug and play model for international capital. 25 years, as I said, and and as as we as we outline

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very negative impacts for anyone who doesn't have land the landlords, 50% of the population lose their livelihood, and and and in fact, The income from Small parcels of land is not enough to live on, so even the smallholders don't benefit. So a question of serious impacts In terms of stratification. In terms of livelihood and land and brandabbook finally. And I'll just finish on this. So skipping through them. But there are details on the website and through some of the publications with.

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But Brandenburg is very interesting because of the focus on, so on on wind, and the extent to which there has been over time across Germany, not just in Vandenberg, a politicization of the location of decisions planning and of wind. There's been a shift across Germany from the more cooperative wind to corporate wind, a whole question about social ownership, declining social ownership, social odyssey

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Declining space, as it were, in terms of planning. Actual areas available for wind. And now, and most interestingly so, I mean, arguably, that's where it is. It's increased regulation of the wind sector. And now, of course there's a push to Solar and Brandenburg's plans now anticipate a seven-fold increase in solar.

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To 33 gigawatts and wind only, and the doubling to 2040. So solar they're now relying on solar and solar is particularly interesting, because, again, just like Pavada, it displaces. it spaces agriculture. We have told. That land in income, for for for landholders from solar is about quadruple

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the income they can expect to receive from agricultural production. So you can imagine just what kind of what kind of solar rush is likely to happen as a result of that, and the questions about regulation that will rise so

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many dimensions. But I hope I've been able to convey the broad frame that we are using to try to understand what's happening.

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Okay, now, I request my

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the screen share

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as well. Yes, yeah, right.

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All right. Good afternoon, everyone, and thank you very much for coming out to this final session of what's been a marathon of a week. It's great to see the I did not expect the room to be this full, so I'm like, extremely pleased by by folks folks turning out

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and I think some somewhat similar to rash Reese's paper that started the session. I'm gonna talk a bit about kind of climate discourse around one of the top meetings the the 2021 cop, 26 in Glasgow. and then somewhat similar to you. She's paper. We'll be talking about social media as a sphere of kind of political communication and climate communication. So on.

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And I'll try to do this very quick, because we do have a very full slate today.

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So

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there we go.

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And so we are looking at Instagram as a as a site of climate and political communication. one of the reasons we're looking at it is that it tends to be pretty under researched in the world of social media and environmental or or climate communication where most of the attention has been on Twitter. Right? partly because it's the more easily researched. Pro platform enter until recently, of course, with, you know, on musk, that's changed accessibility, whole bunch of issues.

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But prior to that, Twitter really did get a lot more attention. Twitter is well used by journalists, by policymakers, and so on. But Instagram, we think, is very interesting because it's more youth oriented.

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It's more visually oriented. And it's a platform that would seem to lend itself to some of the arguments about. how it's social media constitutes these kind of nature. 2.0. It's kind of digitally kind of produced forms of nature. and also the idea of a spectacular environmentalisms kind of boycott and goodman and them that, you know, kind of the ways in which environmental discourse is really shaped by these big kind of mega

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event. Kind of things right, that. And I think we we've often seen that across the compound studies is that news attention to climate policy. often follows the rhythm of cop meetings and the the big, you know, kind of stuff like that. So So that's why we thought this would be quite

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a useful place to look around some of the maybe some of the differences with Twitter, where I think there is a more, you know, kind of a body of research already. So questions that we're going to start with here today are pretty descriptive, pretty pretty basic. But what kind of imagery is prevalent

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in communication on Instagram during top 26. What discursive themes are linked, to what kind of of images and what kind of actors are circulating, which imagery. And here we're kind of going to group actors by sectoral affiliation, because for the most part

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it was very rare that single particular actors were really, you know. in the database, enough that it would have been that meaningful. So we kind of grouped them by environmental organizations, indigenous governments, media, etc., and kind of sectoral affiliations.

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theoretically, what we're drawing on in this paper quite a bit is Boucher's stuff on kind of social media is kind of nature. 2. kind of the idea that the kind of these these kind of socially social media mediated forms of creating nate, a sense of nature and sense of what environmental issues mean and kind of the meaningfulness of also drawing on goodman and others different goodman to the one that's in the room around the celebritization of environmental politics.

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And this kind of notion of spectacular environmentalisms and the ways that these kind of dynamics of celebrity, culture and kind of mega events can kind of shape climate or environmental communication.

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and one other thing, we're kind of interested in this paper. is around the place of indigenous politics within the cop process. it'd be a little slightly disconnected from the stuff on Nature 2.0 and and celebrities. But this is also just something that I think you know. Those of us that are working on the paper I've been interested in. drawing on like Henderson's work as Telton scholar in Canada, and others.

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that have noted that indigenous rep inclusion, and in cop processes tends to be very narrowed and specific, and and kind of done in very particular ways. And so we want to see if that looks different kind of outside the formal zones of double liberation in more of the meat social media zones where people are commenting on what's going on in the cop meetings and stuff like that.

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method. Wise. we use the the top 26 hashtag From a couple of weeks before the official start of the conference to about a week after and we we retrieved about 2,400 posts and manually coded those. So we're actually made like unlike Twitter, where a lot of stuff can be automated with Instagram. That's harder to do so. It was a lot of manual labor that went into this.

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A lot of it done by Yasmin Koop Montero, who was an author on this paper, who did a lot of the

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work we, her and I work together to do work on a lot of the coding and the and the the data analysis. so we did take, you know, inductively, code those 2,400 posts exported it into for kind of analyze, for visualizing as a discourse network. And in a way, we're what we're kind of presenting here is almost like a disaggregated 3 mode network which might mean more to those of you that have read more social network analysis kind of stuff. But we're basically have 3 modes of network data.

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imagery, coding for images, coding for discursive themes and coding for actors. So we're visualizing it in kind of 2 mode networks, one and 2 mode networks. But it's kind of a way of breaking down what's effectively a 3 mode network.

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still trying to grapple with how that might be better visualized all at once. But in the in the meantime we're doing it in this kind of disaggregated step by step, kind of form. that really draws on some of this recent literature. on kind of more multi dimensional networks going beyond one or 2 mode network forms of network analysis.

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all right to dig into a few of the results. and this is, yeah. I've highlighted it in red, because I think this is a bit smaller than I was anticipating for the size of the room. you will see

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see this.

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this is imagery. Where we're starting with is the kinds of images people are using the most central of these red tri diamonds as politicians and decision makers. And then most of these connected image as our particular politicians like modi from India, biden from the Us. jinping from China, who what wasn't actually present at the top meetings, but lots of images of them were being circulated, and the other 2 prevalent forms of imagery that we really saw a lot of.

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We're celebrity images but often kind of eco celebrities like gritty Tunberg or David Attenborough Prince Charles, now King Charles And then a lot of animal imagery as well linked to like this kind of so so animals, politicians, and celebrities right? That's kind of the major things that are kind of the drivers there, with some other really common thing coding for things like a whole earth kind of imagery. And there we were excluding code

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for the cop 26 logo, which was itself a whole earth image, but coding for other kinds of uses of whole earth, kind of imagery and stuff like that.

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So the second figure, if we look at, then how imagery relates to discursive themes. which are the the circles here? The gray circles are kind of discursive theme. Thematic coding like we're off often used to doing the diamonds. Still, still, the uses of imagery. And I know that at the resolution in this size of room. this is a horrible visualization. I think it's been said about social network visualizations

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that when they're overly complicated, all you actually communicate is, this is really complicated. So again, I've kind of put it in red, the the nodes that were kind of most

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theoretically interested in. And here again we have politicians and decision makers which are often clustered up with things around climate crisis, emergency, catastrophe. Kind of discourse, often with with kind of the theme of like the top 26 failed. So kind of post mortem comments in the week after the meetings. things around climate justice are kind of in there stuff like that? closely clustered together with politicians or the celebrity images?

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Which are often tied to things like youth! As a agents of change. Time is running out. you know again, the kind of the climate crisis kind of discourse. And then over here we have the animal imagery, which is actually a bit separate from the politician and decision maker and celebrity images, and a lot of the animal imagery. is linked more to things like protest, imagery. kind of

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stuff like that. So like the protests. actions sustainable agriculture and food system. Kind of imagery ideas of nature crisis, not just a climate crisis, forest protection, deep ecology stuff like it some more. We're an ecological leaning thing, whereas the politician and celebrity images tend to be linked to more to climate climate crisis. Kind of master framing. Yeah.

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And then, finally, we we did see kind of over at the margins, kind of indigenous rights and stewardship framing, linked to indigenous imagery, but kind of at the side kind of on its own which we we thought was kind of interesting. So in Instagram, we're also seeing this kind of marginalization, or

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of of indigenous presence the same way we, so that critical scholars like Calicon, have said that we are also seeing inside the formal zones of deliberation that it's in in these very constrained Kind of ways, indigenous participation.

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final. one, and then I'll move very quickly through some conclusions is when we look at who's using this imagery? we see that that stuff like politician and decision maker imagery is kind of a bit of a bridging tie that connects to a few different organizational actors. But particular sources from media. So newspaper or other other online news sources who are circulating stuff through their Instagram accounts. Right?

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animal imagery, however, tends to be more tied with things like environmental movement, actors, and same with celebrity. Imagery. tends to be more aligned with kind of Ngo and social movement actors. So while these 3 types of imagery, animals, celebrities and politicians kind of form, a bit of a calm, a core cluster that is well connected. There's a bit of a difference in who is using these more or less as forms of climate

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communication.

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And again, we see indigenous, indigenous imagery and indigenous actors, kind of over at kind of the fringe a little bit but not well embedded within the network right, which is kind of interesting. So

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by a couple of points of a conclusion. we do see that, you know celebrities and politicians kind of what we might expect for a more of the youth, and visually oriented Forum, like Instagram, but fairly different from the body of literature on Twitter. As a space of climate communication, which is which I think is quite interesting.

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so we do see that there's a bit of a celebrization of eco-politics going on here. But a lot of the celebrities that are appearing are people like red at turn. Burger, David Attenborough, who are already known because of their their environmental work. Folks like Leonardo Dicaprio are present, but they're actually less visible than Greta Thunberg or David Attenborough, like folks who are famous for movies and then carry that celebrity into environmental fields.

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also, we see, you know, that the environmental voice. sources are more often using landscape and animal imagery, often licking things with more kind of ecological discourse or stuff around ethical consumers and sustainable lifestyles. So we're also, I think, an an important difference about Instagram as a platform versus Twitter is that it's it's both serving as a mediated space for

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critical commentary on Cop 26. But it has these parallel conversations about individualized and systematic responses to climate change.

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So it's kind of functioning as this kind of social media, transnational sphere, as Libby Luster writes about about social media

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for outward looking political critique and communication, but also as an inward looking space of political consumers. And if we draw on Magnus most from stuff on, on political consumerism, and yeah, all that kind of stuff that I was flagging another paper from this project, talking a little more about the use of animal imagery in particular, recently in in environmental sociology, which, Stuart also give a nice shout out to yesterday.

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Last thing is that the language of indigenous inclusion is increasingly seen in cop in the Ipcc reports as something that needs to be done. Folks like Callison have been critical of the top meetings for making indigenous inclusion in a in very narrow kind of ways.

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and I think we tend to see that replicated in Instagram as a as a political space outside of the formal zones of deliberation, where indigenous imagery discourse is still kind of at the margins it's in in kind of very specified kind of ways.

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right?

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So just to wrap up I think that when we look at Instagram, we get a bit of a different picture of how social media can be used as a as a form of climate and political communication. That's a tells a bit of a different story than we've gotten through. the larger bodies of work on legacy media or on Twitter. and I also think there's kind of a methodology point. We're kind of hoping to make that This kind of a relational 3 mode

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network approach. It was also quite useful for expanding these kind of multiple dimensions of climate communication, bringing in imagery. And I would think we also would argue that our research

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on climate communication and discourse does really need more attention to imagery as as a kind of an an extra dimension that it isn't captured in in our kind of dominant forms of looking at just discourse discourse of themes. That kind of it also has an important inflection there.

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and with that I will close, and we can carry on with the next speaker. Thank you.

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Okay. next speaker. Not smart.

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Yes.

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Yeah. Good afternoon. Everyone.

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I wish you first I apologize for my voice. I caught some call, and

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so to since I came here, so I'm sorry I might not be very effective in

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in species. So please just bear with me.

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so my paper is on the Farmers. Perception, a response to climate change across ecological zones

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in conflict reading communities in Cameroon.

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I want to begin by saying that Cameroon is a country in Central Africa, and this is where Cameron is. is described as one of the country in Central Africa, which has several ecological zone about 6 ecological zones.

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Okay? Before 1980 Cameroon enjoyed full security to the point that the country was able to export

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food to different countries. Okay, but the trend today is not the same. It has all changed.

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Okay, and although the country is still dominantly an aggregorant country where most of its population is involved in food production.

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What we notice now is that the number of people that are foot in is insecure are increasing, and that is why one of the magazine, one of the most authoritative magazine in Cameroon which is doing business in Cameroon. In addition of May 2,023, estimated that about 3 million, which is 11% of the population is food insecure.

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and that number have just risen from a 2.7 million in 2021,

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and that magazine attributed this rise in the number of people that are food is secured in Cameroon to

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drop in agricultural, you okay? And

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a rise in at the prices of input for food

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on the

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because of climate change and insecurity that is happening in

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in the north, west, and southwest region of the country which we are going to discuss more about.

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generally. What we notice with small farmers, is that any change in temperature or in water? usually affect

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productivity, all right, and which automatically affect for security.

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So what we've observed so far is that the Cameroon Government has been doing a lot in trying to design efforts that can mitigate the impact of climate change.

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Okay. But the question is that if you have to design this effort without taking into consideration the level or the perception and the awareness of farmers, the result is going to be somehow. contradictory. Okay, so that is why they, understanding the perception of farmers and the level of awareness, is very, very important.

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Okay? So what we notice also is that because not all farmers are aware, not all farmers is particularly small. Farmers accept the existence of

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climate change, or the extent to which their problem is caused by clemency. We thought that it was very, very important for us to study the level of perception. What is their perception to the problem? Because other studies that we are we, the literature. Other studies in illustrator, also highlight the fact that even in developed countries. Not all farmers believe that climate change is the source of their problem.

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So In the case of Cameroon, where we are more concerned in the Anglophone region.

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Which is also marked by conflict.

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We we we want to examine what happened in 2 major ecological zones, which is in the Norway, which is occupied by the the main ecological zone. There is the Western Highlands, and in the southwest. Here we, we have the humid forests. Okay?

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And these 2 areas are considered as the food basket of the nations. Okay. And these are the same era where they have been conflicts. So their foot basket of the nation. There is conflict in this area, and they have different ecological zoom. So what we want to ask is, how do farmers in these 2 ecological zones perceive climate change and the effects? That is the first question we try to answer in this studies.

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what if? And it has been the effect of ongoing conflict on these farmers who are already stretched by climate change. And then, lastly, how are the farmers response to both conflict and climate change

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shaped by the level of climate change awareness. So we are very, very concerned

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to the extent to which awareness play a major role in their adaptation strategy and the response to government's efforts.

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So the methodology is that we focus only on the region that are affected by conflict. We did not study the whole country.

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we also focus merely on small farmers. most of also from the developed country. But small farmers in developing country are peasants, farmers. Okay? So they are not well educated. They do not have the sophistication that big farmers have. So it is a very important group.

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and we also look at both male and female small farmers. This interview will carry out in 2,016 before the conflict that is in the region emerge. So this is the conflict regions that we just. We are talking about the north, west, and south west of Cameroon.

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and finally we, our interviews have been complemented with a few observations that have been carried out in 2,022, when the conflict is actually taking place.

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And then, lastly, we focus only on 2 elements of climate change that is temperature and rainfall, because we wanted to deal with elements that are familiar with the farmers, giving their levels of education

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and want to also for that. We are still at the level of analyzing the details.

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But what are some of our early findings? That's not too many, anyway.

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one of our major finding. Is that what is the what are the perception of the farmers?

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One. The farmers all believe that temperatures is changing, temperature is rising, and rainfall is also decreasing and rising. So they all assume and believe with the existing data, that the temperature are erratic, which is a major problem.

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Secondly, we ask that? What do you think are the causes of these changes in rainfall and temperature? What is very interesting is that up to 22% of they were able to mention the word climate change, which wanted to verify a widely used that were under 65% said that it was human activities that were responsible for that.

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When we ask the farmers what were the effects of the changes on their farming activities? We noticed that they said there had been a fall in the output. The cost of production have increased, and also there have been changes in the farming. conditions. So what have been the effect of climate change on their

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living conditions. So the main major thing that we found is followed fall in income, and a very interesting one is the the, the, the growth in social heels, which is like third crimes, which is partly going to be responsible for the conflict that we eventually saw in Cameroon.

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poverty, which was a general cause What was interested in the notion of poverty is that poverty was more for among women, even though it was almost the same. But the the female farmers face a lot of poverty, but in terms of income with the male farmers that fees a lot of suffered a lot as a result of drop in income.

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01:14:46.960 --> 01:15:12.289
 in K, in terms of household. This is very, very important is that farmers that were only involved in farming. You see that only the poverty was a major effect, but farmers that have additional activities, for example, that were also civil servants. The effect of property was cautioned by income from other activities, but those farmers that were involved in

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it businesses. We found that 100% of them suffer from poverty because most of the other income generated activities are also related to farming.

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since I have just a few minutes, one of them. Very important in I I would like to mention is the implication on farming is as a result of climate change. There have been some farming activities that have been abandoned. Okay, for example, fishing cannot be carried out. Certain crops cannot be grown, and you know that the the introduction of irrigation is increasing the course

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on the farmers. We also saw that insecurity has displays most of the farmers reducing the availability of food, and those who are who are still trying to farm are suffering from sabotage that is being carried out by both the military and the nose. State actors leading to decrease in farm output.

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So when you look at the map, the outcome map of Cameroon is that food insecurity is where you see this area that is like great. This is where there is high level of food insecurity which was not the case before this crisis. Okay.

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you look at food production in most of the areas since 19 since 2,016. You see, full production is dropping. So let me just say one or 2 things. In conclusion, please. so

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One of the things that we note in. And as for a conclusion concluding Todd, is that small farmers have different perception of climate change it causes, and they also have different adaptation strategies. Okay. Secondly, the effect of climate change on the livelihood of small form is not the same, and can be differentiated according to gender. The types of problems that we call to with the level of education, because in the study we are able to cross, tap into

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and other level the the other other livelihood opportunity, and the location of farmers. That is, the ecological zone in which they find themselves.

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Okay, conflict ex, exacerbate the effects of climate change on food security, and finally, public and international adaptation and mitigation strategies should be board, country and community specific, recognizing that

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other local challenges, especially conflict as us be the effects, and from us ability to effectively implement some of the adaptation strategies that are often designed at Macro level.

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some of these studies, we, some of a similar study that we just finished, correlate some of the findings that we have in this study. So thank you very much.

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Okay, thank you. And

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the last and the final presentation, may I request?

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thank you, Project, and thank you for your attendance.

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in this final session

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I'm Zaria Weiner, Speaker. So

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I'd like to talk about use action for climate crisis protection

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projects for future global and Japan.

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some similarities and some big differences.

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 okay, as you know greater than 15 years.

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starting to

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protest in the front door of Swedish Parliament Building

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on twentieth August 2,018,

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and See, it shows

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01:19:40.460 --> 01:19:53.050
a very strong continuity. So this ride week 2,005, 2. But the yesterday is Friday.

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A.

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Please check Greta's twitter

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week, 254. Yeah. so almost 5 years. C is continuing

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this climate strike. Okay? And Greta's tweeters

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has 5 medium.

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 The more than 5 million followers here.

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And

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This! What of

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in Sydney?

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Here in Australia.

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01:20:45.380 --> 01:20:47.520
mobile

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01:20:48.670 --> 01:20:58.299
 300,000 people joined on September the twentieth, 2,019

354
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at the time. A global climate strike. Oh.

355
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what uprising in

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almost our own countries. 100, 85 countries.

357
01:21:14.240 --> 01:21:24.199
over a 6.7 point 6 million participant gathered over 8 days.

358
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It was the most largest collectable action

359
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for any agenda and any issues

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up

361
01:21:44.000 --> 01:21:47.180
writer's future campaigns has

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01:21:47.340 --> 01:22:03.349
some interesting major characteristics. Yeah. First.  he's involved by many younger generations

363
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like university students and high school students. and most of them were first time participant who had never been involved in any social movements or demonstrations.

364
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And The set of witnesses. obviously action by younger people to boycott the school class

365
01:22:33.650 --> 01:22:41.930
and involve the student action in search of strengthening measures against climate change.

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and

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it is not a one-off event.

368
01:22:46.840 --> 01:23:00.369
but it it is still done continually, continuously on every Friday. In it's a case of Greta, and a worldwide call was held several times.

369
01:23:00.640 --> 01:23:06.829
even under the COVID-19 pandemic since 2,020,

370
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and it has spread all over the world, including develop companies and SMS. Is used as a 2 to co-hole participation.

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And

372
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how we should understand from sociological point of view this correct corrective action.

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 for example.

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01:23:45.060 --> 01:23:51.619
he analyzed a occupy Wall Street movement.

375
01:23:52.200 --> 01:23:56.960
and he a regard it.

376
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occupy also eat movement.

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we are here! Movement.

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It means

379
01:24:06.760 --> 01:24:14.679
by their presence. they are saying, only decolonize us.

380
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We are here and

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01:24:18.980 --> 01:24:28.540
Martin out Called experience movement sometime, or movements

382
01:24:29.030 --> 01:24:38.330
like street campaigns. Anti a global action.

383
01:24:38.910 --> 01:24:44.369
anti a global anti Grover is movement.

384
01:24:44.800 --> 01:24:50.569
So we don't know how sad. Yeah.

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01:24:50.610 --> 01:24:53.729
it's a movement of expression

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01:24:54.410 --> 01:25:01.560
meaning that movements do not represent existing or potential groups.

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but instead represent a new way of constituting the social world, and that they share a situation

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01:25:12.190 --> 01:25:16.790
experience. but not our identity.

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01:25:18.180 --> 01:25:20.729
this.

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01:25:20.900 --> 01:25:32.890
Suggestions are very interesting for me, but I would like to explain from my point of view.

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01:25:33.260 --> 01:25:39.139
why Fridays for future campaigns worldwide have been so successful.

392
01:25:39.640 --> 01:25:40.720
But

393
01:25:41.790 --> 01:25:52.070
Japan's Fridays for future campaigns are extremely limited compared to the number of

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01:25:52.220 --> 01:25:54.210
Protestant.

395
01:25:54.310 --> 01:26:04.150
2 ones overseas! Why they have been so limited in number of participants to mobilize.

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01:26:04.710 --> 01:26:08.480
So data was corrected.

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01:26:08.540 --> 01:26:14.920
By a news, and Sns creeping and

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dialect participate participatory participatory observation by me a

399
01:26:22.930 --> 01:26:33.310
as a public sociologist. I, what wonderful organizer of

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01:26:33.490 --> 01:26:37.080
 a climate

401
01:26:37.680 --> 01:26:44.619
 global climate march in San Diego City.

402
01:26:44.640 --> 01:26:48.999
September 2,019.

403
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And also one of my students started to

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01:26:54.970 --> 01:26:56.940
Fridays

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01:26:57.050 --> 01:27:05.430
for future. Sandi, my city center. Yeah. One of my students started to this action.

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01:27:08.300 --> 01:27:10.430
So

407
01:27:10.860 --> 01:27:19.530
this is a crime. Global climate march in September 20, so 2,019

408
01:27:20.310 --> 01:27:24.970
 photo above in Tokyo.

409
01:27:26.210 --> 01:27:32.739
in Tokyo 3,000 people joined

410
01:27:33.440 --> 01:27:35.270
and

411
01:27:36.110 --> 01:27:43.589
in Japan, totally around 50, a 5,000 people joined.

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01:27:43.840 --> 01:27:46.979
In case of send I a

413
01:27:47.090 --> 01:27:54.610
I was a wonderful organizer. Only 86 people joined.

414
01:27:58.010 --> 01:28:06.040
Yeah, this is my he scheme to analyze.

415
01:28:06.710 --> 01:28:12.049
I'd like to say I would like to say a try. I am a motor trim.

416
01:28:12.170 --> 01:28:20.930
So social movement analysis based on a dog Macron's scheme.

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01:28:21.910 --> 01:28:24.340
So

418
01:28:27.080 --> 01:28:31.410
I would like to focus on cultural framing

419
01:28:32.080 --> 01:28:38.100
bridge a discontent and orientation for change.

420
01:28:39.650 --> 01:28:42.299
Second, mob provides a new structure.

421
01:28:43.820 --> 01:28:53.680
also bridges discontent and collective action. and for it to go opportunity structure

422
01:28:54.250 --> 01:29:00.750
 between collective action and orientation or change.

423
01:29:01.430 --> 01:29:08.869
How about in the case of Friday's future. Campaigns!

424
01:29:09.970 --> 01:29:13.839
 How you of framing? Yeah.

425
01:29:14.430 --> 01:29:23.210
Proud as her future! the world riders for future! It's very

426
01:29:23.720 --> 01:29:26.550
attractive framework, I think.

427
01:29:27.810 --> 01:29:36.840
 it is easy to understand, for even

428
01:29:38.030 --> 01:29:40.049
even small children.

429
01:29:42.480 --> 01:29:48.120
And Goretta is very good symbol. I come.

430
01:29:48.280 --> 01:30:00.890
maybe one of climate heroes, mark referred.  and

431
01:30:01.680 --> 01:30:10.690
very effective SMS to mobilize use. Yeah, like, also, Mark explained us.

432
01:30:12.610 --> 01:30:19.629
And one of the interesting point is, poetic or opportunity is structure. I think

433
01:30:22.140 --> 01:30:27.650
she started campaign almost 2,018

434
01:30:27.690 --> 01:30:29.470
and

435
01:30:30.100 --> 01:30:39.439
March 2,019, and September 2,019, was the peak to mobilize?

436
01:30:41.580 --> 01:30:50.350
Why, in 2,019, these campaigns? uprised.

437
01:30:50.900 --> 01:30:58.839
of course. So party agreement. yeah. Started from 2,020

438
01:30:59.270 --> 01:31:08.730
and the Us. Presidential elections.

439
01:31:10.790 --> 01:31:23.660
one of the issue. controversial is climate issues in 2,020 presidential campaign. Okay?

440
01:31:24.030 --> 01:31:30.619
So the year 2,090 was very critical. Okay?

441
01:31:34.000 --> 01:31:44.810
So. Greta was selected the possum of the year 2,019 by the time magazine

442
01:31:47.270 --> 01:31:48.260
so

443
01:31:48.540 --> 01:31:59.210
 Why a riders who jail campaigns in Japan have not been so successful.

444
01:32:01.090 --> 01:32:08.789
 Fridays for future is the English world also in Japan?

445
01:32:09.300 --> 01:32:13.770
 anyone

446
01:32:13.800 --> 01:32:16.020
can translate

447
01:32:16.170 --> 01:32:24.650
into the counterpart of Japanese language which are easy to understand.

448
01:32:25.150 --> 01:32:29.669
For most Japanese it's a hemorrhage.

449
01:32:31.760 --> 01:32:40.149
and unfortunately there are no symbolic icon in Japanese.

450
01:32:42.220 --> 01:32:44.040
And

451
01:32:44.360 --> 01:32:51.250
unfortunately, a in case of worldwide

452
01:32:51.330 --> 01:33:06.860
in many countries. grimpeace, our friends of us. A 40 or Wwf, yeah, such a big environmental organizations

453
01:33:06.870 --> 01:33:08.500
behind.

454
01:33:08.580 --> 01:33:15.250
But they supported credits, future campaigns of, in fact.

455
01:33:15.990 --> 01:33:17.180
But

456
01:33:17.300 --> 01:33:19.300
In Japan

457
01:33:19.330 --> 01:33:30.340
such an environmental organizations, the number of members and finite so base.

458
01:33:30.390 --> 01:33:46.239
and their political influences are inevitably weak. and in case of political opportunity structure, they cannot find

459
01:33:46.330 --> 01:33:50.850
 effective political allies

460
01:33:51.500 --> 01:34:04.130
and or of erections generator reductions. Unfortunately, a climate change issues is not

461
01:34:04.430 --> 01:34:09.769
 major political agenda. Okay.

462
01:34:11.520 --> 01:34:17.420
so this is my scheme to explain. So

463
01:34:18.000 --> 01:34:20.960
all the well that and well.

464
01:34:21.000 --> 01:34:30.789
so see you again somewhere, and in Kanju 2,027. Thank you.

465
01:34:39.100 --> 01:34:40.810
Yeah.

466
01:34:46.440 --> 01:34:47.290
Okay.

467
01:34:49.610 --> 01:35:00.959
so thank you, everyone. And we are more or less on time. And we have 15 min for Q. And a. So the floor is open

468
01:35:01.600 --> 01:35:03.250
for given.

469
01:35:04.120 --> 01:35:12.360
We have a very interesting presentation. If you want justice for your media. and a very fascinating study in Cameroon and Japan

470
01:35:12.700 --> 01:35:16.419
and cross-country studies of Kt, so

471
01:35:18.820 --> 01:35:19.710
questions.

472
01:35:28.410 --> 01:35:29.070
okay.

473
01:36:13.740 --> 01:36:17.479
Hello. I's like a question, sir.

474
01:36:17.550 --> 01:36:24.530
Firstly, what are the climate change policy in international focus in India?

475
01:36:24.810 --> 01:36:34.809
One question another, and our international policy started. You mentioned in 1,992, not. This is 1,991 start

476
01:36:35.250 --> 01:36:49.890
Indian policy adaptation internationally, you comparing to Paris. This is 2 and another one climate change, biggest issue. What are the our Indian now present?

477
01:36:50.210 --> 01:36:54.450
This is your question, for I

478
01:36:54.680 --> 01:36:56.170
you were

479
01:36:57.200 --> 01:36:57.930
the

480
01:36:58.540 --> 01:37:28.209
Karnataka solar wind for Kennedy to mentioning in Zoomoga nicer. But I am another solar forcage. Tumkore powered is a highest solar park, our Karnataka kind of I mean wind wind. I, if some went for mentioning Wendy is a major zone, is

481
01:37:45.790 --> 01:37:53.450
what are the focus in your rainfall and temperature. Local farmer, what are the major impact in?

482
01:38:06.450 --> 01:38:07.390
Yeah.

483
01:38:07.640 --> 01:38:12.570
I'm not sure if I've understood the questions correctly.

484
01:38:12.760 --> 01:38:21.100
So the first question that you put forward is, what climate policies are at the international level

485
01:38:21.350 --> 01:38:22.840
in the

486
01:38:24.580 --> 01:38:29.329
yeah, that was the climate I was. We have considered, like the

487
01:38:29.490 --> 01:38:34.770
start of climate, international justice, discourse

488
01:38:45.180 --> 01:38:47.369
all right for it. across the

489
01:38:47.860 --> 01:38:48.630
thank you.

490
01:38:56.940 --> 01:39:02.340
Yes, yes, yes, we have investigated. And we we visited Pablo

491
01:39:02.500 --> 01:39:09.250
Solar farm another large cellophone into a district. Yes, quite right. And the wind

492
01:39:09.440 --> 01:39:11.500
a large wind.

493
01:39:11.620 --> 01:39:13.480
farms on

494
01:39:13.710 --> 01:39:15.910
high ground in Shimoga.

495
01:39:20.630 --> 01:39:23.520
Why are we compromised on the look of my mind to know what you want.

496
01:39:25.350 --> 01:39:33.240
but under local firmware, majorly, rainfall and temperature impact your farmer side

497
01:39:33.480 --> 01:39:35.490
it affecting major effect in

498
01:39:35.880 --> 01:39:36.760
climate.

499
01:39:37.060 --> 01:39:42.529
Your formerly locally want a major effective mentioning rainfall and temperature.

500
01:39:43.000 --> 01:39:48.460
But majorly, what are the basic, in fact, some health issue. But are there?

501
01:39:48.600 --> 01:39:51.069
You are a steady, for

502
01:39:52.990 --> 01:39:55.660
we began to infect his impact. Gotcha.

503
01:39:58.090 --> 01:40:00.869
okay, yeah. Okay. If

504
01:40:01.080 --> 01:40:08.700
if I get you right, you're asking, what are the major impact on of temperature and therefore on the local farmers.

505
01:40:09.060 --> 01:40:13.359
So one of the impact that we found and you saw on the

506
01:40:13.390 --> 01:40:18.120
on the slide is that because there is decrease in rainfall.

507
01:40:18.370 --> 01:40:27.470
Some of the activities are no longer been carried out. The farmers cannot carry out smaller activities because of high temperature.

508
01:40:27.580 --> 01:40:33.079
We found that some of this they have to replant the seats.

509
01:40:33.120 --> 01:40:41.309
The seat do not germinate as expected, the number of hours that they used to put on on their farms they can no longer put on these hours.

510
01:40:41.430 --> 01:40:52.790
You saw the pictures of the irrigation, the local irrigation canal that they are trying to put on. These were not things that they were doing before, so it has increased their cost of production.

511
01:40:52.830 --> 01:41:07.249
and because of increasing cost of production. Some of them who cannot afford. This education scheme of, you know, cannot produce. And so what happened there is fall in production, and there's rise in 150

512
01:41:07.300 --> 01:41:14.930
in food course. The truth is that there are policies that are being put in place. But this policy seems to

513
01:41:15.260 --> 01:41:26.549
divorce from the farmers. We need to integrate this from us into the policy rather than design the policy by the technicians, by the researchers without implicating the farmers.

514
01:41:26.740 --> 01:41:49.619
And finally, they form us. I'm not deceived. They're not a homogeneous law. They are differentiated in terms of indication that differentiated in terms of the various ecological zooms that they find themselves so. Policies and strategy must be specific to each of these areas.

515
01:41:50.350 --> 01:41:53.540
Thank you. You. Over the

516
01:42:01.000 --> 01:42:28.300
yeah, I think I have a question for Mark, and for the last week of it, I'm afraid to pronounce the name in court. so I was wondering. So you you're talking about social media, and you're talking about protest movements, and good to elaborate on the effects of these expressions on climate change, actual climate change, politics and policies. So what are the effects of these protest movements and of the social media

517
01:42:28.510 --> 01:42:31.500
campaigns or representation.

518
01:42:31.940 --> 01:42:34.290
I'm a

519
01:42:34.890 --> 01:42:36.770
researcher in Belgium.

520
01:42:46.580 --> 01:42:50.230
thank you. was a question. Yeah.

521
01:42:50.380 --> 01:42:57.419
I deferred a  So today, Taros.

522
01:42:57.600 --> 01:43:06.820
A concept of we are here movement. And we also.

523
01:43:06.880 --> 01:43:08.989
Margaret announced. A

524
01:43:09.550 --> 01:43:13.950
 experience movement

525
01:43:14.640 --> 01:43:19.320
 both.

526
01:43:19.700 --> 01:43:26.559
characterize the meaning of movement.

527
01:43:29.740 --> 01:43:31.300
He's movemental

528
01:43:31.770 --> 01:43:35.700
also Fridays with future campaigns.

529
01:43:36.030 --> 01:43:38.369
very a

530
01:43:38.560 --> 01:43:41.790
 express it.

531
01:43:42.140 --> 01:43:47.510
Not a it's the matter. So

532
01:43:47.640 --> 01:43:51.370
One of the weak point.

533
01:43:51.660 --> 01:43:53.939
or

534
01:43:54.530 --> 01:44:00.649
we can say, some students point of these campaigns is

535
01:44:01.150 --> 01:44:03.120
very weak

536
01:44:03.330 --> 01:44:06.440
 policy outcome.

537
01:44:07.330 --> 01:44:14.709
So Friday's future campaigns criticize and

538
01:44:14.879 --> 01:44:18.900
say a one to a

539
01:44:19.540 --> 01:44:22.360
what to strengths

540
01:44:22.379 --> 01:44:32.159
 policy outcome generally to climate change, protection.

541
01:44:32.459 --> 01:44:35.680
But Korea and

542
01:44:35.719 --> 01:44:41.889
brothers who share campaigns do not have concrete.

543
01:44:41.910 --> 01:44:43.209
Who?

544
01:44:43.290 --> 01:44:51.209
 What is it going? over.

545
01:44:52.250 --> 01:44:54.559
do not have concrete

546
01:44:54.610 --> 01:44:57.709
the policy program.

547
01:44:58.430 --> 01:45:03.760
This is a very weak point. I said.

548
01:45:03.840 --> 01:45:05.480
yeah.

549
01:45:05.530 --> 01:45:13.250
we we are here, and we are in protest several times, but

550
01:45:13.559 --> 01:45:23.750
unfortunately we we cannot find the major political goal.

551
01:45:25.490 --> 01:45:27.330
So

552
01:45:27.549 --> 01:45:37.709
then, after then, this number of mobilizing should will be decorating.

553
01:45:37.730 --> 01:45:39.510
I guess.

554
01:45:40.830 --> 01:45:54.109
 how do you think about mark this relationship policy outcome. And the such a use campaign?

555
01:45:58.620 --> 01:46:03.280
Yeah. So I guess I guess the way I would elaborate that because I see

556
01:46:03.540 --> 01:46:20.530
I think social media does a a couple of particular things that that kind of also into the questions about youth campaigns. to use a metaphor from Greek theater, I think it offers kind of a Greek chorus on what goes on in the formal zones of deliberation. that where people are in critiquing

557
01:46:20.660 --> 01:46:31.090
the processes, the outcomes who's included who's excluded. So it gives us space for civil society actors, youth movements and others to actually kind of play.

558
01:46:31.260 --> 01:46:59.509
Play your voice as a a critic of what goes on in the formal zones of deliberation, but it's also a space. they also offer a space to social media. for to organize or mobilize offline protest. And and and that's what that's collective action and Fridays for the future. But I think what we see on Instagram as well. It's also often individualized forms of kind of ec consumerism. that get mobilized through these spaces, but through a hashtag with top 26 right where it's still linked to that conversation

559
01:46:59.510 --> 01:47:08.379
that is orienting around the cop as an object, but then becomes about individualized political consumerism

560
01:47:08.379 --> 01:47:36.789
in terms of like potential policy impacts. I think, like, if you look over the last, certainly, at least, since Copenhagen, maybe earlier. One of the major impacts of both movements and social media kind of in kind of dynamic interaction has been to kind of push the push the envelope of discussion within the formal zones of deliberation. A lot of a lot of the calls for for climate justice, for example. kind of shocked there and then gradually filter into

561
01:47:36.810 --> 01:48:01.980
the formal spirit, deliberation, the need for more intention to indigenous issues or inclusion, the Ipcc process, for example, the invisibility of fossil fuel interest in the preview, in in climate, agreements that have come out of the cops prior to Glasgow. for example. Like these are all things that we see seeded and circulated, I think, through social movements.

562
01:48:01.980 --> 01:48:07.069
often through using social media before they eventually start.

563
01:48:07.200 --> 01:48:18.670
It was like trickling in or being forced into the into the formal zones of deliberation. So I think that's probably the major impact. I don't know. They have a a specific impact on yet. Say, you know.

564
01:48:18.700 --> 01:48:33.999
parties for the future did this, and that's why the Glasgow climate, packed, looked at the way it did. But I think it's over over time. I think we do see a lot of the discourse that that's seeded in movements and through social media. Then kind of shifts the envelope over time and in the formal space of deliberation.

565
01:48:41.410 --> 01:48:45.070
Hi! I'm Tyler Bateman. I'm from the University of Toronto.

566
01:48:45.770 --> 01:48:50.759
So this is a question for the whole panel. I realize we only have 2 min. So who wants to jump at this one?

567
01:48:50.900 --> 01:48:56.229
I'm wondering what you see as the connection between the knowledge you have produced and the practice of environmental movements.

568
01:48:56.750 --> 01:49:04.559
Potentially. In some cases this isn't as relevant. But how does the knowledge you produce relates to the practice of movements on the ground as the knowledge. For example.

569
01:49:04.630 --> 01:49:12.429
something organizations can use or set it another way. Do you see any movement or government actors as one of the audiences where your studies?

570
01:49:18.850 --> 01:49:41.189
Oh, well, I'll just. I'll just very briefly say that. So the The next stage of the work that we're doing. We we had a failed bid for a shirt partnership development grant where our purpose would have included David Suzuki foundation as well as ancient ecosystem alliance. So I think they were quite interested in coming on to to be able to share results over this project. So I think we're going to

571
01:49:41.190 --> 01:49:52.449
like David Tyndall is leading that one, but I think the plan is to revise and reapply, and but I think they were quite interested in what's coming out of our work on social media and offline and online from mobilization?

572
01:49:52.780 --> 01:49:56.010
What were they? Do you want to partner on the next to the next stage of agency.

573
01:50:02.020 --> 01:50:24.459
my answer, maybe not that kind of kind of illuminating for that for those kind of The the question is because my my Our study, or my study is more like an institutional about. But if I could say It's that So sometimes people

574
01:50:24.930 --> 01:50:50.630
People cast a critics to the institutions. But actually, if you look at the actual mechanism, I'm walking behind the this political movement. Actually, it's an institutional. Have a particular impact on the, on the, on the behavior of its organizations. A little of it is often too easy to criticize it, but before that I I do think it is a very important

575
01:50:50.630 --> 01:51:03.279
to kind of look at what the mechanism is working through this institution, because without that noise you can so easy to kind of

576
01:51:03.420 --> 01:51:13.819
the changes in institutions or the protect the institutions. So I think, for example, in a concrete.

577
01:51:14.220 --> 01:51:38.269
for example, in the if we look at the history of the political science. the cons of democracy has been regarded as a very bad behavior of the over the democracy. But if we, if you look at the the, the conflict to an is actually the conf of democracy has actually the very, very good nature. Actually. So

578
01:51:38.800 --> 01:51:44.920
knowing this mechanism. And clearly, it's actually

579
01:51:44.950 --> 01:51:53.930
also very important. Also, it's not that dialect for the actual improvement of the climate and policy.

580
01:51:58.200 --> 01:52:00.050
Hi, okay.

581
01:52:00.150 --> 01:52:02.670
just just very quickly. There's a

582
01:52:02.780 --> 01:52:07.629
an emphasis on that now, in terms of ideas of impact.

583
01:52:08.890 --> 01:52:10.750
the design and

584
01:52:11.090 --> 01:52:15.719
engagement. So for us, it was through the local level.

585
01:52:16.140 --> 01:52:16.989
you know

586
01:52:18.120 --> 01:52:23.669
we've seen a lot of involvement in terms of workshops like the workshops, and so on.

587
01:52:23.740 --> 01:52:32.189
 and the feedback from so on, and critiques. So, for instance, in the Connecticut case, the

588
01:52:32.570 --> 01:52:37.080
I've seen agency that is set up for that big. So the farm was actually

589
01:52:38.150 --> 01:52:51.120
to respect to the reason that we were very, very critical about the impact on Mandus, and we had a discussion about it about how their next project. This is a moving field. This is what's so interesting because it's constant experimentation

590
01:52:51.500 --> 01:52:57.549
 in its context. And

591
01:52:57.800 --> 01:53:04.930
that feedback in terms of the galaxies. And then, of course. the rest of it.

592
01:53:07.950 --> 01:53:08.700
Yeah.

593
01:53:09.050 --> 01:53:12.150
strong aspect and embedded in the research process.

594
01:53:15.750 --> 01:53:17.180
Can you hear me?

595
01:53:17.290 --> 01:53:28.590
Good afternoon. I'm Gwen from being research. It's based in the Philippines and thank you for all your work. And my question is.

596
01:53:28.730 --> 01:53:44.140
not, for for is she? But if the guys have some insights, maybe you can also share it about you and social movement. I was thinking the but maybe I will ask that also. When I go back to the Philippines, to the youth movement.

597
01:53:44.810 --> 01:53:47.500
First.

598
01:53:47.640 --> 01:54:01.760
I am wondering if there are youth organizations and Ngos helping in that club climate, but that they do it climates right, and maybe that can be increased. So maybe the

599
01:54:01.790 --> 01:54:23.940
numbers can also increase. That's one. And then, second, I think I agree. Although you said there is a lack of a symbolic type one. And while listening to you, I was thinking about Karisma. So I think maybe yeah, sort of excluded a certain. So when it comes to think of it in the Philippines. I'm also thinking of a youth.

600
01:54:24.590 --> 01:54:29.009
but it's not. No, not one stands out yet.

601
01:54:29.270 --> 01:54:34.479
with that cadence. Mass. So I think. Yeah. Oh, that's a

602
01:54:44.990 --> 01:54:52.149
 I'm not sure as a pre-pane situation. But you.

603
01:54:52.280 --> 01:55:07.079
Philippines, is one of the most devastated by a big Tai, who, so it was the effect of climate crisis.

604
01:55:07.420 --> 01:55:10.360
So

605
01:55:10.520 --> 01:55:13.049
and yeah.

606
01:55:13.090 --> 01:55:21.699
in many countries. Recently, Populist automation

607
01:55:21.860 --> 01:55:31.969
 the number of Populist politicians, including their influences

608
01:55:32.010 --> 01:55:35.680
even in Philippines.

609
01:55:36.400 --> 01:55:38.250
Current present

610
01:55:38.650 --> 01:55:45.920
 Political position is very conservative, I guess.

611
01:55:46.630 --> 01:55:50.670
So. Such a

612
01:55:51.470 --> 01:55:56.979
 political opportunity structure. And the

613
01:56:01.310 --> 01:56:03.729
how of wearing?

614
01:56:03.830 --> 01:56:06.819
you said,

615
01:56:07.160 --> 01:56:19.100
private heroes, yeah, it was very a tough situation for mobilizing use also in the Philippines, I guess.

616
01:56:19.600 --> 01:56:30.889
So this is my answer based on my skiing. Yeah. But yeah, we will try to find

617
01:56:31.170 --> 01:56:32.270
Hello.

618
01:56:32.550 --> 01:56:58.939
some kind of future. Thank you. My question was more on your traffic situation. The number of youth organizations and the Ngos in that the movement, because that's, I think, that might help improve it. The ground working, the organizing to make it a more bigger social movement. Let's say now, thank you

619
01:56:59.000 --> 01:57:04.049
from the Mexican. There's who's on in Japan for every day, please, if it's all on the right.

620
01:57:08.860 --> 01:57:09.610
The

621
01:57:10.310 --> 01:57:18.769
oh, yeah. A school strike in Japan was a very tough challenge.

622
01:57:19.230 --> 01:57:25.510
 Japanese school system is very.

623
01:57:30.800 --> 01:57:34.910
thank you. Thank you. And I think we are

624
01:57:35.180 --> 01:57:42.999
running out of time. But I have a very quick question for Vixie. So nowadays. Can you hear me?

625
01:57:43.030 --> 01:57:44.610
Yixi Yang: Yes, yes.

626
01:57:44.940 --> 01:58:06.550
so In the last few years we have seen when you are doing a lot of compound studies and other stuff. That machine learning was used like you have used some of the mission coded data. But to Mark has used some of the hand coded Instagram data. So what do you think the methodological challenges like, we get a lot of data through this machine

627
01:58:06.550 --> 01:58:23.639
learning, because huge number millions, data or thousands 100,000 data points. But can we get the meaningful outcome? Particularly answering sociological questions from this kind of machine learning methodology very quickly.

628
01:58:24.550 --> 01:58:48.069
Yixi Yang: Yeah, thank you for your question. This is a really good question, and I think it is in great need in these days. So my work so far has been mostly focused on tax analysis. So to to analyze tax. So I have no experience with using machine learning methods to analyze pictures.

629
01:58:48.070 --> 01:59:00.049
Yixi Yang: But I think this is this is for sure possible, and also is the fastest growing body of research on this part.

630
01:59:00.050 --> 01:59:24.880
Yixi Yang: And in terms of how your your your comments on how to translate those big data results into sociologically, to make sense in sociological sense. So this is a really an interesting point. And so to some extent it. It's a little bit kind controversial.

631
01:59:24.880 --> 01:59:38.169
I would say, because, from my experience, my first-hand experience of using a big data and machine learning approach is that the result is so like data-driven button up

632
01:59:38.170 --> 02:00:03.320
Yixi Yang: kind of thing, a. A. And it's hard to establish this link between theory and the empirical result. And oftentimes I find myself struggling to find this kind of braging point and so I guess this is also a a a thing that we with as a new researchers

633
02:00:03.320 --> 02:00:08.919
Yixi Yang: junior researchers could could put more efforts on.

634
02:00:08.920 --> 02:00:15.190
Yixi Yang: yeah. So yeah. So I I don't know if I ask for your questions or enough.

635
02:00:15.240 --> 02:00:18.250
Thank you. Thank you very much. So I think

636
02:00:18.470 --> 02:00:25.240
we are end of the station and the end of the conference, and we are on time. So thank you very much, everyone. And

637
02:00:25.610 --> 02:00:26.000
can I request you to take up? please be online. So we are going to take a picture together. So