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Tom Safford: sure, yes, since the the hour just just rang.

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Tom Safford: Okay? So I'm gonna so I know this is a little bit of an unusual circumstances. So with our hybrid session here. But I'm looking forward to a combination of

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Tom Safford: the folks there in in Australia and all of us online here. So my name is Tom Safford. I'm the Coordinator for this session that the title of the session is Sociology and the climate, science, politics, gap, and we have

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Tom Safford: 5 presentations.

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Tom Safford: so one of them is there in Australia, and then we have the rest of them, either recorded or online. Here.

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Tom Safford: Hopefully, people are hearing me. down there they can turn it up.

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Tom Safford: And so I'm just gonna go ahead and start. We'll do the series of presentations. And then what we will do is at the end hopefully have some Q. A. That people can put it into the chat. If you have access to your computer, or you're using your phone. And then or perhaps the people there in Australia can also facilitate But certainly, if you have questions, you can put them into the computer, then I will go. So our first presenter is Rolf Litzkog, and his

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Tom Safford: presentation is is entitled towards a Mega expertise, the Ipcc transformative change and the future of expertise. So off to

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Tom Safford: Ralph, there in Australia.

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Yeah.

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thank you.

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So you see it, or see your which, looking at the computers.

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yeah, thank you. So thank you for

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organising this session. The context of my study is the climate crisis, as the UN Secretary generally, Antonio Guterres, gestic Elizabeth.

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The climate crisis at the high level and opening at the last coup meeting, he said that humanity is on a highway to Climateel, with our foot still on the accelerator.

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and this growing amanus.

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all situation has made a sign, scientific and political communities to state a need for social transformation. And the question is, what kind of expertise is needed?

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Oh.

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yeah. So

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what kind of expertise is needed in order to

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in order to support and facilitate that? No, I don't know how to get.

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Huh?

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Is there anyone technical that know how to make it

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the

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but I

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to this.

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okay, there we go.

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So yeah.

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so if

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and now I need to, yeah, I'll just get rid of that line for you.

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That's okay. I'm sorry.

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Yeah. So Mega express is a word that I'm using to grasp this new kind of expertise. It's a particular kind of knowledge production knowledge suit disease which focus on both social and and ecological processes. And it's increasingly focused on social transformation. And there's claims that it's not only need to be interdisciplinary, maybe also transdisciplinary and even post-disciplinary

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A and

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trying to understand it from an expertise sociological view. I have used Collins and Evans

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it

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theory about a periodic table of expertise, saying that there are different kinds of expertise based in what kind of epistemic aspect, what kind of knowledge space it has, and primary source knowledge. That is what I and I guess men of you have for certain environmental problems. You understand

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it. But you are not able to critically evolve. What, for example, if

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a person skilled in biological science explains to you interactional expertise means that you know the land beach or a, but like conversation with other disciplines, other experts in and field. But you are not able to produce knowledge, and contemporary expertise is the most

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high form of expertise which needs to contribute with new knowledge to Field.

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and that.

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Meg expertise, that is a kind of expertise that both needs an interaction and expertise that you are able to understand different fields, but also that you contribute because this kind of knowledge isn't. This is a new new knowledge. It didn't. It hasn't exist before, and they say something about the world.

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The Ipcc

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is was established, established in 1,988, and is.

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has since then presented sixth assessment reports. The last one finishes finished. This year it has developed a rigorous way to evaluate a knowledge on assessing knowledge and synthesizing

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knowledge, and it has become the most authoritative-based source of knowledge on climate change and has served as a role model for many other expert organizations.

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and I

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to the right. You see here both the structural composition of the Ipcc.

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But you have also this kind of fact sheet

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where you can see it's quite well organized and structured, and you can see it. That's

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its rule is for almost everything. In this organization.

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I have made an interview study

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2 years ago with experts involved in the Ipcc. It was quite hard to get

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people to interview. I try to find people that were very involved in the Ipcc. And you see, to the right table of their involvement, and many of them had been involved with men of the assessment reports in different roles. Therefore, you see, to the to the right. There are rather many numbers to the right compared to the number of interviews, but they have been involved for many years in many positions. That's the reasons.

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And you see that we have 2 also that attend in the first review report in the starting in the end of the 1,900 eightys.

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What do they say about this view? About their experience? Well, they have a very positive view.

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and I give you some quotations because I like quotation. I'm doing quite a bit of science, but I'm doing very much on climate, but I'm not doing very much on climate change, but it's scientifically, it has become boring. There is not much to win. The issues. Know. What do we do about climate change that the meteorologist assess that

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risks and research says that I'm a natural science. So I have done a lot of stuff with numbers.

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I like numbers. I get it. But I've spent enough time in the real world, working with people from under disciplines and just reading the literature on this topic to know that this is not the way the word works.

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and the chemist atmospheric chemist says

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so. No one forced what I called a marriage or expansion with your natural science. It was so bloody or obvious to all of us that unless we really started to understand all facets of climate change.

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and

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and the chemist also says that if there should be an internal evolution in the

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and see what has happened during these 20 years, he said that those that were involved 20 years ago, had she in the pants? If they had to make that kind of revelations?

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It's the change in culture inside, and a change in the interaction between the culture and the outer word, and it is all to the better.

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So it's a quite positive view about this change in what's happened. I you see, but it brought in its scope.

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but is also a very different view.

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If I look at the binary decod from it's used in the introduced, you can find that you have this kind of decode to me in natural science, social science, hard soft science, quantitative qualitative research modelers versus field bursts, or versus case studies or versus context-sensitive research.

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uncritical critical research, the saying that this Ipc is its mainly management coronation. And some said, No, it's mainly about knowledge production. It's about a scientific competence needed to be involved. But it's also about the competence of being able to communicate and manage

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an intercultural understanding of what people are saying. And it's about defining and problems, the solution or about implementing that different sciences, different roles. In this it is about prediction and sorry, and those who are

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oh.

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and those who said that it's so hard to predict because of society, and nature is too complex, and those who said that we need to have very precise

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statements done by the Ipcc. And then said, It's so uncertain, and we don't need that kernel.

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And so I've given some quotes here, too.

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Yeah. And that's from a biologist is critical to some researcher, the literal people basically say, if you are not quantifying things, it's not scientific analysis and assessment, and therefore policymakers aren't going to pay attention to it, and that this, that we all this was quite critical to that kind of view.

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If you don't have a motor. Keep your mouth shut. You can't say anything. Well, for most of the world we don't have modern, that is precise. And so when you start interacting between the physical scientists and the social and biological scientists. All of a sudden the physical sciences says, Get them away from me.

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And I was quite surprised that this was was a quite strong feeling among many of the natural scientists that the modelers is a problematic

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in this sense. and here is a good one.

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I have worked with social scientists, I mean real social scientists, not people who are counting how much water is used in the kitchen or in the toilet. But concept of what do people think? Hawaii is socially constructed and so on. It's a very qualified researcher, this one he has coup published with social scientists in a very good journal, and he knows what he's talking about.

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the opportunity to be involved in the Ipc. Well, to summarize, they said, this is a way to make our science policy relevant, influencing

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policy making. It's about learning about other disciplinary fields. And this is not possible within the universities, these kind of learning projects.

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The other says also that they have learned a lot about how to communicate, both internally to other disciplines, but also externally to actors outside the universities.

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And also this kind of leadership management skills that will lead to to be a lead order of sharper or coordinatingly daughter of shop rate it. It will increase your your competence to to to be a project coordinator.

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and some say it's very scientific rewarding to be part of the Ipc. As as a lead order or or coordinated lead doctor. It has opened not only from network, but also as a scientific methods. When you apply for for grants, or you apply for a position

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problems. Well.

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some says that it

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there is a lot of a problem with the language. One of seanographer says that each shepherd that brings people from different disciplines. You have palae on toilet, your leaders, observationalists, statistic and dynamics, models all of these people, and they are completely different communities that don't speak the same language.

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Another. Some of that is just this kind of disciplinary hierarchies that we have the physical science and mathematics and modelers. And then you have a rank between disciplines. A third problem was that they had different epistemologies where you

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can't really, which also connected this kind of hierarchies in any case before this, that it's so hard to aggregate certain types of knowledge to make it to how to synthesize, for example, qualitative studies

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the Fifth. Was it so difficult to to to deal with contradictory knowledge from your support? But you don't really know how to balance or how to evaluate them.

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And also some said, this is a really scientific disrewarding. It takes time for most research, and you have no scientific merits for it.

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Problems are not only scientific, and I think this quotation says that.

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but the scientific part is not one that I'm actually worried about. The part that I'm worried about is being on a rotation of melatonin and diet Coke for a week at the approval session, trying to defend my shop from people from like sword, or like Brussels. So we should not only stress the scientific part of a problem.

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What to this about future? Well, they believe in a broader disciplinary composition, a more communicative and cultural competence, both within the Ipc. But also towards to to meet our directors and to become more solution oriented. They did a discuss which I was surprised about the need of being more explicit, normative in a in developing solutions.

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And then there, when I try to analyze this, what they are saying, not only present in the internal perspective, but more having an external perspective I have used. I'm using the

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the theories developed by a Cori nor Setina here her book on How Science make Knowledge, and North Ketina says that there are 3 parts, 3 necessities, or conditions for being a to produce scientific knowledge. The first one is in the systemic infrastructure that make it possible that you need devices, rules, artifacts, equipments, concepts for knowledge production.

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You need also a culture that makes it possible for you to use this infrastructure in in a valid way, and this this

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culture. It's both a knowledge. But it's also tacit. You? Do you learn it by training, by at grad, you're appropriating a perspective, how to use, for example, laboratory equipments or a method, and so on. And then you have, of course, epistemic practices that makes objects know about

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yeah.

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And if I see what they are saying, they are saying a lot of these interviews about the culture problem of the culture, but not so much about infrastructure.

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We know that the Ipcc has 3 working groups, the first one to cost a physical science basis. The second one is the adaptation of the serve and mitigation.

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And there's no

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work. A group on the social science basis. Some claim that it should be. I just says that that kind needs to be outside the Ipcc.

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There are also no discussion about the procedure, really, at that, that

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it's hard. It's hard to know how to use quality research according these rigorous pros that your Ipcc have, and you can find that. But not least in this special report on 1.5 degree that it

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the social science, it's textbook, and it's used as best cases. But it's not really used when it's summarized and synthesizes the knowledge.

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Yeah.

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And you can also read. And you can read the latest report, or it seeks of of the Ipc that you can see that the society is to a large extent either a barrier or a facilitator.

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But for technical developments.

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Yeah, so there is a

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hard to include. Quality. Research is also this, the view on consensus, uncertainty and policy, neutrality and on how to understand science for policy. It's not really discussed. It's in. It's not open for any further discussion in according to how that infrastructure work.

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At the same time, it should say that if you look at these 25 years of of or the Ipc. It has really been a learning organization. It has faced different kind of challenges, and it has successfully adapted to a change in context, you have an external elaboration. It did change some of the procedure. You have included the uncertain analysis to to make possible, to, to to have a different kind of knowledge, what you know or what you

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it's likely to happen, and so on. And you have this kind of solution oriented. That was a responses to the Paris agreement, and you have a now a new gender and policy and and

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an implementation plan. But there's no really radical change of its structure. It's more regret you had an incremental adaptor and the adaption to that. So now

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20, fifth to 20 eighth of July, so about one month from now it will have its a new meeting the Ipcc. And it will end the Sixth Assessment cycle and start the seventh one.

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and it will be elected in you Bureau and a new chairperson for the Ipcc.

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Yeah. And now it really will have a great challenge for how to how to work in the new political context where we have the global stock takes the Paris agreement where they will really try to to see what will. The how the countries proceeded with the Paris agreement is all to this quest for more realistic climate solution, not solutions on paper, but that work in practice.

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and the question of transformative change, and my guess is that it it needs to be in some sort of institutional reform of the Ipcc's infrastructures. In order to be more to be policy relevant for this new situation.

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So thank you for that careful.

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And now I need to know how to end this screen.

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So

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Tom Safford: okay. thanks.

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Tom Safford: Ralph, that was great. and a good start getting that kind of global overview with the discussion of the Ipcc And so the next sequence of presentations are going to be more country focus. So I think that'll be interesting to kind of for overall discussion at the end, thinking about how the global and the local kind of fit together. All right. So the next presentation is

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Tom Safford: by Lorna Alvarez from the owners that I. G. One of Lato in Mexico, and the title of her talk is climate change, and to sustain a sustainability education, a fragmented conceptualization, and the pressing reorganization of the Latin American University. So I'll pass it to you, loading that if you can

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Tom Safford: share your screen hopefully, we're good to go there in Australia, and we will

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Tom Safford: go onward

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Lorena Álvarez-Castañón: I need you to stop sharing first, so I can share my my screen, please.

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Tom Safford: I think that whoever needs to stop there I can. I can't stop it. So if someone could.

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All right.

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sorry, stop share. So sorry. And no, there you go. Okay. I think we're good now, and now you should be able to go. Let in. There you go. Thank you very much.

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Lorena Álvarez-Castañón: Well, first of all, sustainable education and climate action in the context of universities are global trends. However, the implementation and impacts in Latin American higher education institutions differ significantly. The main assumption of this paper is that the conceptualization of climate change and sustainability. Awareness are the main triggers of their differences.

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Lorena Álvarez-Castañón: The impact of climate change has disrupted the social sphere, especially in foot security and livelihood. Opportunities for most of the neglected sectors who present greater risk to achieve their welfare. Despite the increasingly daily manifestations of climate change in all territories, generalized social behavior seems indifferent to climate action, and there are not abundant studies that account for the social perception of climate

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Lorena Álvarez-Castañón: climate change as a starting point to promote social participation from citizens in climate action, since it is not enough to acquire adaptation and mitigation policies, but to take daily actions, to diminish climate change

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Lorena Álvarez-Castañón: according to the Literary Review. The level of social knowledge about climate change must be urgently considered to promote climate actions, since any action required awareness, it show a higher frequency of papers that study climate change related to physical and natural aspects, followed by those that focus on country policies or company responsibilities for greenhouse, 100

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Lorena Álvarez-Castañón: gas emissions. However, papers focus on the social aspects involved in climate action were found in less frequency in the social approach to climate study. There are common arguments about the relevance of higher education institution as a social trigger to promote sustainability for their mark, it is necessary to improve the dialogue between citizens, academics and sustainability professionals to address related issues and propose disruptive actions to slow down climate change through cooperation and interaction.

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Lorena Álvarez-Castañón: University is considered as a key actor who is capable of guiding society in the opera operationally station of sustainability and promoting citizen participation in the climate action, likewise in the literature

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Lorena Álvarez-Castañón: in the review of the literature. The problem of implementing educational programs that promote climate action and a culture of sustainability based on environmental values was found. Although the high frequency of learning units on sustainability or social responsibility in the study programs was evidence. It was difficult to find curricular content content on climate change.

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Lorena Álvarez-Castañón: This paper aim to explore the conceptualization of climate change and climate action in university communities in 6 Latin American countries to identify the strategic and operational changes that university management should undertake in favor of climate action based on the above, these research was considered fundamental. To understand the social perception of the problem and how the Latin, American academic community

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Lorena Álvarez-Castañón: receives climate change and its effects on a daily basis for climate action. The research was focused on exploring the conceptualization of climate change in Latin, American higher education institutions, since it is some that the University is the institution with the greatest probability to impact positively the social indifference to climate change. Likewise, this paper shows this strategic and operational changes that university management

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Lorena Álvarez-Castañón: should undertake in favor of climate change.

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Lorena Álvarez-Castañón: These research was exploratory with an explanatory orientation. The methodological approach was collaborative and the information collected was systematically coded, using a combination of phenomenal, phenomenal and hermeneutical analysis thereby the objective was to reveal social transfer that focus on the meaning and understanding of social behavior, on climate action.

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Lorena Álvarez-Castañón: data, triangulation was used for internal validation and analytical generalization for external validation. The Literature Review was done in science direct the publications, and the perception of climate change showed a strong, increasing trend. The liquor scale was the most used in this publication, and the journal of Cleaner production was the Academic, paid a space with the highest number of papers published. Most of the manuscripts were focused on the perception of the students when the search was limited to Latin America.

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Lorena Álvarez-Castañón: The semi-structure interview with you to learn about the social perception of the Latin American academic communities interpret their relationships and explain some trends on their behaviors.

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Lorena Álvarez-Castañón: The general knowledge about climate change and the perception of reality causes consequences, time and the space relationship and the daily behavior of mitigation and adaptation were studied. This instrument allowed to minimize the risk of measuring the perceptions of the university community through another type of scale, since it was questioned through open questions that allow a certain level of understanding of the item and the reduction of the difficulties in the interests, subjectivity of language and communication.

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Lorena Álvarez-Castañón: feedback of the interview, based on the opinion of 3 experts from different disciplines allowed to adjust the phrasing and the order of some senses, sensitive content questions before its application.

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Lorena Álvarez-Castañón: The interview was integrated with 17 questions. One of these was a filter to evaluate the contribution of the interviewee on the phenomenon of interest. The current sustainability man shares are those with peer. Previous experience to integrate sustainability initiatives in a position within the green offices of the Latin American Higher Education Institutions Center, where interviewed the difference between the names of grain offices, what not was not considered.

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Lorena Álvarez-Castañón: The interviews were conducted in 24 higher education institutions from 6 Latin American countries. The recording average time was 42 min. The sex of the interviews was distributed by 52% men and 48% women. Further month, the sample was integrated by 54% private institutions and 46

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Lorena Álvarez-Castañón: present public institutions. The methodological process started with the collection of data which was systematized to integrate the dens description. Then this was a magically analyzed using word cloud analysis, and it's categorized in Atlas Ti. Finally, they call occurrence frequency, and their descriptive statistics were calculated in our studio.

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Lorena Álvarez-Castañón: The findings show the conceptual fragmentation of climate change. The multi-directional t of environmental practice in Latin, American higher education and the key lines for remodeling of university management. Climate change is a common quote in the University community. However, knowledge is not widespread. The increase in temperature is the most frequent definition, and the effects of climate change are not unrelated to these communities.

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Lorena Álvarez-Castañón: The lowest frequency associated with climate change was found in the increase in extreme weather, events and diseases. The human attitude towards nature as the cost of climate change was recognized. Nevertheless, it was highlighted that society concerns little about damage to nature. The exploitation about the the deadline of climate change was moderate, and the effects continue to be seen as long term. Only an interview remarked that the current generations are those future

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Lorena Álvarez-Castañón: generation mentioned in the Bootland Report. The climate change is present. The temporal and spatial distances from the climate problem continue to be wide. The recognition of the changing the rain pattern was significant, however, its relationship with climate change was little recognized. The variation in this season's behavior of the year was recognized, but its relationship with climate change was not mentioned.

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Lorena Álvarez-Castañón: The cultural factor with the greatest weight, with Ring House gas emissions from industrial processes, and the one with the least weed was industrialization of our Greek culture. The use of all was moderately recognized as a cost of climate change and a moderate login was the least frequently identified, cost

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Lorena Álvarez-Castañón: the use of pro private car and the plan of Sol, since gadgets and computers were the most controversial categories. The main categories of the climate action were identified, based on shadow, and they and this figure shows them in this sense. Institutional projects registered. Less frequency of co-occurrence, for instance, is what it was found. Green campus projects had been implemented from renewable energies to sustainable buildings.

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Lorena Álvarez-Castañón: and the sustainability education in their educational programs is transversal community projects register more frequency. For instance, it was founded university communities intervening in rural territories through echo technologies or implement, sustainable agricultural practices, urban, solid waste management projects, rainwater harvesting projects, you food security projects.

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Among others.

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Lorena Álvarez-Castañón: the polarized results of this study can side with other studies, since one group who receives climate change with a centrist position of the human being and another has a vision of daily risk in both groups. The conflict between the pre orientation of social and environmental interest was visible. First.

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Lorena Álvarez-Castañón: the the first group assume that they have the right to modify the natural environment to elevate to their needs, use natural resources without control, and they believe the natural balances itself. Regardless of their activity.

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Lorena Álvarez-Castañón: However, the other group assumed the perception of race in biospheric values and the fragile balance of nature, and they highlighted the need to change the current way of life.

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Lorena Álvarez-Castañón: The multiple social values in the universities in Latin America were evidence, the frequency of climate, action, co-occurrence by country and descending order was as follows, Chile, Arkhendina, Columbia, Mexico, El Salvador, and Bedou. The perception of climate action was significantly associated with mitigation, behavior, and with the relevance of public mitigation and adaptation. Policies, enterprises, and civil society were recognized as key actors.

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Lorena Álvarez-Castañón: In climate action, however, the modification of environmental policies and the promulgation of more severe loss were considered the most relevant actions. The disciplines or knowledge areas that greater promote climate action are the following, ecology, biology, environmental sciences, or even engineering

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Lorena Álvarez-Castañón: the 2 types of climate action were identified. The first one was awareness. It's passive environmental awareness campaign. Mainly it is same at students and lesser at the general population, and the second one is sustainable management, active campaigns of environmental practice. Mainly. this is intramural May, there's a prioritation of scientific research and management of campus equipment with a green orientation and a short term

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Lorena Álvarez-Castañón: profitability, and the lesser was extra mural climate mitigation action. Promoted in this awareness, campaigns were identified. The main mitigation actions identified are the following reduce car, use and increase the use of bicycles and public transport. The self awareness of responsible consumption and increase the use of recycled products, make efficient use of energy like light cell phone, phone charges

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Lorena Álvarez-Castañón: and water like short showers, full loads of clothes reusing it the main social actress of extra mirror. Real climate action are the groups of the small producer and communities at a social disadvantage in descending order. These collaborative climate actions were the following dissemination of experiences of adaptation to climate change, bit sanitation, reforestation and waste, reuse campaigns, environmental courses and workshops and sustainable production projects

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Lorena Álvarez-Castañón: that.

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Lorena Álvarez-Castañón: and an expected category that manifested itself in 100% of the interviews was a digital transition which is seen as the one with the greatest accelerating incidents of climate change

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Lorena Álvarez-Castañón: more over the strategic and operational changes to university management identified where the following formalize the teaching for sustainability and climate action in the study programs with transversal approach to semitize public communication of climate action, led by its university community and manage a university supply

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Lorena Álvarez-Castañón: with a green approach the results. The results corroborated that sustainable education and public knowledge about climate change at all levels are are the triggers for daily adaptation action. However, this adaptations action must be accompanied by public policies, such as the implementation of heat or flood alerts, strengthening your running infrastructure and increasing support of how of agriculture

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Lorena Álvarez-Castañón: based on these results, it is assumed that social indifference is the greatest challenge to overcome. For the Latin American University.

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Lorena Álvarez-Castañón: based on the findings, it is concluded that there is a strong fragmentation in the comes from climate change and in the understanding of the problems and consequences of this climate change was conceptualized only as an increase in temperature. The changes in the regularity of the seasons were not visible, and this could motivate the loss of the awareness already mentions of its effects. For instance, in the fragile food, change, or depletion of water.

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Lorena Álvarez-Castañón: Furthermore, it is concluded that there is a strong overlap between sustainability, environmental practice, and climate action due to the fact that these are frequently associated or discursively handled as synonyms.

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Lorena Álvarez-Castañón: The dilemma between social and environmental priorities was presented strongly. Nevertheless, there is a climate action from Latin American universities. The initial assumption is corroborated, since the contribution of the universities is highly relevant, due to their ability to guarantee that issues related to climate change become daily intramural and extra mural

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Lorena Álvarez-Castañón: mit Ctl. And finally, it is concluded that social infrastructure is the most solid basis for university climate action. Nowadays it is even more essential to unify climate actions to address environmental challenges on an increasingly deteriorated planet, and during a strong socioeconomic and health prices, one

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Lorena Álvarez-Castañón: sustainability, education towards climate action in university settings. This is a strong challenge in Latin America, since it must be consisted at an institutional organizational on operational level with the social environmental demands of its environment. The new university management approaches our fundamental support for climate action which involves to the management of financial, technological, administrative, and human resources.

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Lorena Álvarez-Castañón: Thank you very much.

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Tom Safford: Okay. thank you, Lorna. again. Another interesting

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Tom Safford: twist on our our overall topic. So the next person our next presenter, it's a little complicated. So he provided me with a recorded presentation, and he was going to be here. But he's had He's in Brazil. I'll I'll tell you his name in his talk. he had some technical problems and wasn't able is not able to get online. So I'm gonna play his presentation. And then if you go into the program, there's contact information for him.

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Tom Safford: So if you have questions or things like that, you can certainly send him your messages. So his presentation. His name is Aldehyde, and his presentation is entitled Youtube and Amazonia on Fire.

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Tom Safford: dismantling keystone science and technology Institutions. So now let's see if I can

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Tom Safford: get his presentation up here. So I'm going to share my screen

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Tom Safford: oops.

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Tom Safford: And then I'm going to play his video hopefully. That's

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Tom Safford: okay.

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Tom Safford: Not

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Tom Safford: my name is Alderman

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Tom Safford: this.

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Tom Safford: So

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yeah.

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Tom Safford: this is

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so.

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the

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Tom. We can't hear anything.

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You just see the screen.

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What do you think?

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The

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the you

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no.

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I can't.

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It should be on the.

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It's what I think. So I didn't succeed.

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Oh.

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oh, yeah.

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hello!

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I may be.

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): Yes, we we cannot hear anything, either. But I don't know if you told me.

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Hi, Tom.

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Tom Safford: sorry about that. I'm just hearing that you can't hear it

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trouble.

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Tom Safford:  Let me try.

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Tom Safford: I'll try quickly.

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Confex Tech Support Nicole: Hey, Tom, can you share when you share your screen? Can you click on the share? Sound button on the bottom? yes, sorry.

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Tom Safford: That was a mistake. Let's try again an institute for Space research. Can you hear it now? We use main atmospheric monitoring. A yes. the fact of deforestation in wildfires in Amazon was also significant. On Youtube.

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Tom Safford: In our data collection we found that many videos published by far right channels about Amazon had among the highest views during the period. Many of these videos were allies of the Bos on our government and spread the information about Amazon and the environment in general.

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So what is this information? According to Cleveland, a prominent researcher on the stop, the information is content that intentionally false and designing to cause harm.

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It's motivated by 3 factors to make money to have political influence article. Therefore, the objective of this research is to map and describe its information network about Amazon on Youtube and its connection with the narratives and official act of the both. In our government on environmental policies. To achieve our objective, we use it. 3 methodology. We don't have time to

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bring the details of the methodologies. But first we try, and if you to the the Amazon, published it on you food between August and October 2,019. Then we didn't find the main informative or informative present in these videos. Lastly, we mapped the relationship between the arguments fund in the videos and the speeches and official and of the both on our government.

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We told how we collected data from 164 videos. Therefore we analyze it with over 500 builds. As a result, the staple for analyzes consisted of 24 videos, then together, a mass at over 28 million fields.

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We map the 20 most recurrent arguments in the video. The table presented included some of these arguments, including their codes of record classification as informative are the information, and if they were propagated by the government or not.

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this data helped us understand the patterns of the C in this media, allowing us to identify the presence of Fts-based information. It's actively as well as the Government's influence. And spreading this information.

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Some of the mapped arguments include A to which claims that country's Ngo's international institution retains Brazil sovereignty and should not have a say in the country's environmental governance.

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His argument is classified as the informative. When a map of the arguments, 8 were informative and 12 were disinformative, the disinformative arguments were also much more prevalent than the informative one.

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we selected some videos. That is. they spread the information by government in far right channels on Youtube. Here are 4 videos. We selected

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information to work about Amazon on you to to this. For videos is the code of the the informative, a comments we map it. The first video is an official statement by the President of Brazil during the Wildfire's Amazon crisis. In this statement the former press includes that 2,019

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was hotter than previous years, and the white were not above average. However, these pieces of information are false according to data from people and other institutions.

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I will enable the translated captions on Youtube, which are not very accurate, but give you a general understanding of the contest. The

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is thermodynamic.

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the to the model Mesmer cascade, Madame Decian, no station for the that major to Zoos. The second video is, I pitched by the printing during the meeting with governors from the Brazilian Amazon States, where the informative arguments are presented, such as a 6, which attributes the highest reports of wildfires in 2019 to cons in funding for foreign Ngos in indigenous lengths

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and argument, a. 3, which elects that the national and international media are globalists, and provided the proof coverage of the whiteifiers in the Amazon.

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The

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the type of video is a commodity sket. That's ridiculous. A younger person to protect the environment, and he is against Bosnia's policies. The teenagers, parents who are also narrow supporters.

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claim that the boy is deceived by fake news. They also argued that in 2019, while the fires were not greater than in previous years in the media was recognizing the wildfires due to funding cuts for Ngos in the mass media.

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You want to.

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The last video was posted by a utility affiliated with your radio and TV station that supports the both on our government. The main argument defeated in the video is the argument. A 3.

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He stating that there was recovery of the wildfires by national international mainstream media due to a supported global bias. This video contains the highest amount of this information among the arguments we are in in the analyzers

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to the

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the

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my Zwaj opera is a density, a lettuce granite.

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Our research. We also method some institutional actions by the Government that contributed to the weakening of environmental protection laws and institutions. In Brazil.

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The first of the election was the dismissal of 21 out of the 27 regional superintendents of the Eberman. The Burma is the main agency responsible for monitoring environmental crimes. In Brazil. Each Brazilian State has a qualified and career superintendent for the position, however, Bosnia replaced the majority of the career superintendents.

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Another government action. The real international attention was the dismissal of the director of ink. Edwar Galvo did. Michel took place in in August after the release of the the unwired fires. In the first station in August, 2,019, he, Card Galvan.

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became a symbol of residence against Bosonaro's attacks on the scientific institutions. In 2,019 he was awarded by Nature Magazine as the most important person for science.

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this research uncovered the mechanism of a network of this information in digital platforms. Firstly, false narratives are created to benefit a political or economic group.

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This. This information is spread through media channels to influence public opinion. As the narrative spreads and gain supports from centers of society.

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extremist groups are able to up laws that we can democrat institutions in the way for authoritarian actions or actions that serve economic interests. The the research allowed us to understand how a network of deformation is formed and operates, revealing its negative impacts on democracy and the preservation of the Amazon and the environment in general.

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So what's the purpose of the network of information about the environment. You to find this, I imagine, for zoom residue is the world's largest agricultural power, and the business sectors in this industry supported both of arm, and had always had influence over the government

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and the media men engaged in the for for cattle, ranking, and monoculture. The mining industry also seeks to clear forward the areas for mineral est direction.

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Both specters resort to political lobbying and the information to shape public opinion and approval laws favorable to them. Finally, what can be done in the face of the scenario of this information on this.

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the main solution we advocate for is the regulation of the digital platform market. As the lack of regulation allows for the destination of this information that undermines democracy, our research and others show that platforms are not doing enough

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to combat safety biennialists and hate speech. This is a consequence of the causes of content moderation which should be done by humans and not by algorithms. The algorithms of the platforms. They need to favour red codes curse, promoting the information that attracts the extremist audience. Therefore, regulation is needed to restrict this pain of this harmful content

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to the environment and society. Moreover, platforms should be considered responsible for the circulation of the information as they contribute to the andphistication of it. Rich.

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and that's all I have to share with you. Thank you, everyone. And I'm available to a conversation. If you have any question or any ideas you want to share with me.

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Tom Safford: Okay?

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Tom Safford: So my apologies there for a little technical difficulty. with my with my running of all the meaters presentation. If you certainly, if you have any questions for him, shoot him through the conference system or his his email, is there? that would be great. All right, so we will move on to the next presenter. So this will be another one of our virtual presenters. So the next person. We're going to go back to Mexico. So it's today. So they le on the school vehicle

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Tom Safford: and her presentation. You can see it here.

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Tom Safford: in English, in.

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): Thank you, Tom. Yes. Well, Before beginning a couple of comments. And this presentation is based on a in a current revision article that I send it recently, and this as well. Part of my Phd. Research in human Geography at the Unanim, the national autonomous university in Mexico.

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): mit Ctl. And and my Phd research is focused in understanding how climate scenarios are being produced in Mexico, and what are the main uses political uses of these scenarios. One.

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): So to begin, hmm.

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): And part of the background of this presentation has to do with the tensions that goes back to the seventies eighties around the interface between climate, science, and climate policy.

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): And here we can see that

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): ere

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): mit Ctl, and we'll resort it in better decision making. However, this linear model, also known as the Climate Deficit model of information. It has been criticized, has been a tested, and, as we can see here in the graphs taken from Red to Konuti climate scientists 250.

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): In the last 60 years we have accumulated enough evidence about how carbon emissions have increased as well, it's relation to the changes in the temper in the global mean temperature, but also in the changes of the global precipitation patterns as well as in other climatic variables, and in the last 30 years we have a systematized and accumulated

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): relevant scientific information to inform policy making.

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): and through several a reports and assessments from the Apcc. Ipcc. And a lot of milestone in international agreements.

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): Erez Agmoni, however, despite all this accumulated knowledge, we still not having the policy transformation expected or needed across geographies, and this has been criticized in 150

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): from different perspectives. Here I'm defending the ones coming from the human geography and the science and technology studies. And and from these

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): and some of these as perspectives, what points they point out that this linear

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): mit Ctl and a relationship between science and policy lacks of the all the socio- contextual factors that are involved in in the analysis of how science and policy interact in a specific context one.

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): Some of the critical positions that have emerged here are just some of them not. Obviously this is not representative of the whole discussion, but some of them.

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): and

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): highlight that the need is not only about we don't. We not only need information, we need information that is needed by users and by users. We need to

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): ere

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): E. C.

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): Erez agmoni, and this until the cop production of information with them, which we can think here about involving sectoral planners, for instance, and they are part of the selection of climatic variables, time scales, and the format of the files that they can work and use in regular computers, for instance, 150,

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): and there is a a third position that I selected, or that I'm defending here, which is the one that analyzes in browser terms the

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): Mit. Ctl. And production of climate information under which institutional conditions and social conditions, local climate information is being produced, circulated beyond the scientific community, and finally being considered credible, relevant, and salient and usable. One

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): E. C. Erez agmoni. All the production of climate, information, and its uses is a terrain or a place of disputed perspectives. We also need to situate better this analysis, 150,

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): and I'm here. I suggest throwing on many scholars that we need to situate the climate change debate in 2 sense in the geographical one, but also in epistemological terms, and by epistemological terms I I mean that we need to

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): E, C.

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): Mit Ctl, and for it here I I consider that it's a good way to look of this exercise of situating climate change in analytical terms, 3 main debates, one

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): and the one these 3 main debates required for their empirical research. With them I am carrying on in the case of Mexico, but this should be done in several geographies, and of course these 3 debates should be also be revisited in each geography. The first one has to do with what's what is drawn from the work of Shila jazz and of the new climate for a new climate for society.

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): and from 2,010

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): erez agmoni. And she suggests that there is, With this encounter between the global and local understanding of the climate change there, she she call it? These locances of in in the understanding, in building communities, one

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): in the time scales that we are now a concerned and working on

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): in the political sense as well, and something that was not there in in her debate on her proposal was the local production of scientific evidence. That is something which I am focusing on.

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): So this first debate, and basically what suggests and what request for their empirical research has to do with these 2 sites on one side, we have the climate science 150,

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): and we can think

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): that is relevant to ask where and who is producing climate change, global information.

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): And here we have a map. We'll have an image of the climate research centers that participated in the last. A couple of modern inter comparison project, which was a phase 6, which is part of the World Climate Research program, which at the same time is the the

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): main resources or the main. The the raw material that goes into the group. One a of the Ipcc concerning with, or we chat which are working on the physical basis. No, in the analysis of physical basis. So one thing we will be to ask.

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): Who who are these centers? Where are located? Who is participating in the production of global knowledge and climate information.

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): But another part. Another part of the debate is to ask, Okay, if not, all geographies are producing global in general models of calculation or complex model

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): complex models.

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): And we can also analyze how countries are appropriating global information and translated into relevant policy products, such as a national plans or in a strategic risk management or 2

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): climate scenarios. So this this

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): side of asking and situating the debate could bring light to

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): to the disparities of of the production of climate information, and also the alternatives to use it, or the conditions in which this information is being used in a specific geography. On the other side. We have the the climate policy which is linked to the previous point.

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): because it's exactly the interface between using this information. But also and here. I want to point out the last part

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): we need to look at. What are the uses of this? What are the political uses of this climate information erez agmoni. And here we will assume that it will be for national adaptation, plans or mitigation strategies, and so on. But no reason. 250

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): recent work done by Miana Laksin from Brazil, and Jesse Vivo

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): from the U.S.A. Has pointed out the the misleading uses of climate information, or the climate-centric framing of disasters, 150

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): to attribute politically climate, extreme weather events, and

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): to this geese, or vanish the political responsibility in a specific

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): regions, or or in a specific region. So that explain better that previous vulnerabilities located there.

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): that a resulted in a disaster. So this is just to point out that we need also to understand to understand better how climate information is being used in in in any sense, in the positive ones that we are expecting, but also in in in other ways.

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): The second debate has to do with the sense of urgency and the social reflexity. Displacement

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): here is important to ask a how is the local climate, for instance, emergency, which is a way to try to trace this sense of urgency, or to to rapidly, rapidly think in in an example which is the climate, emergency declarations across countries, cities, states that have been occurring and since

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): 8 years ago, or probably more

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): erez agmoni. But one thing is to ask, how is constituted the sense of urgency locally is this link with local evidence about the climate change? 250,

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): or is only linked to the global or continental information.

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): Erez agmoni, how is related to experiences local experiences and then generating certain meanings and being recognized as relevant in the policy around 150.

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): On the other hand, we need also to be very careful in this point to see if they

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): sense of urgency or the climate emergency is not displacing other social pressing issues.

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): which is something that that I to group, that called the did any of, or you know, when, when the agency of attend, of addressing climate change is displacing other issues, or is leaving without financial support or political support, say, to certain areas, instead of covering a

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): a broad umbrella or highlighting, that climate change is going to be aggravating any aspect of development of

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): a well-being in society. So okay? And the third debate that here, I am pointed out, is the future social pathways over the climate

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): mit Ctl. And or, as it is also known by the Ipcc and other international agencies. They shared socioeconomic pathways that in the last report, in the last assessment of the Ipcc 2

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): already appeared couple with the Rcps. So the future social pathways over the climate. Basically, we need to remember all that

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): ere

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): Systems of production and consumption, and in this sense is crucial, the social sciences and humanities are there as a key aerial research that makes sense of these and greenhouse emission scenarios, and then to the climate, the scenario, one

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): E. C. Our contested political tools, to intervene our social imaginaries, and of course, the policies towards a transformation, our key to stimulate the way in

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): to signify or make it more socially close. This idea of the climate future, instead of only thinking about it in a metric in 1.5 2

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): a degree in the in the temperature. We can also thinking about this in terms of institutions, type of governments, population, energy systems, and so on.

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): They are not coercive these Ssps or shared socioeconomic pathways, they are provoking in a sense of their they want to spur more reflection towards the future, and how societies can avoid certain risks or for their risks.

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): but somehow according with Beck, and

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): they are, as well as authoritative ways of establishing certain pathways. And these pathways, of course, are also normative in terms of. They are

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): erez agmoni, projecting certain values to where the futures they are defining certain features about social, about about future societies that we actually don't know yet, but we are discussing about them. 250

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): and some tensions are triggered here, related to this local idea of how to apply in these societies, shared socioeconomic pathways to local specific countries and subnational levels? One.

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): And here one thing is a how. How do we down scale that information and make sense of that? So share socioeconomic pathways

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): erez agmoni? And of course, how do we recognize that the world and our specific realities or national contexts are very contingent futures. We are very contingent in the right now and then towards the future. It will be 150,

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): very difficult to play with this uncertainty, but also with these very various features.

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): mit Ctl. And around our societies. And then there is a big question around, how do we incorporate? Better the ethical concerns, but not only ethical, the humanities in this discussion and the social sciences? Because this is a is this is basically a question from from that need to be one.

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): a further discourse within social sciences

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): and the main participants. Now of this discussion. Interestingly, our economies. Mainly

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): so it's it's it's kind of interesting to see how this this question is gaining terrain. And how is, how is going to be a how is going to unfold in the future.

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): Finally.

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): so some some reflections. And that one thing that I wanted to share is that looking at these 3 debates definitely confronts the linear and stable interaction that we will assume. Probably some of us

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): between climate, scientific evidence and climate policy making.

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): And the lower down the scale. One goes that analyzing the climate change, it seems less well established in the scientific research agenda and the policy discussion, which is something that will be worth to analyze in any geography, to be to be honest, especially those that are not producers of Gcn's or air system. Models are not part of this elite group of modelers. No?

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): Then it's important when we revisit the discussion of the sense of urgency.

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): to do it carefully and at the same time

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): to avoid calling those trying to critique in the sense of urgency, not the existence of climate change, trying to avoid to locate them in in the negotiation side of the debate, one

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): which is something that is so far I have a found here in Mexico which is very difficult to discuss openly about these issues, and very easily the critique. It is interpretated as a negation of of the climate change. So I think there is a very interesting area of research specifically there

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): and

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): and then. it's I think it's a key discussion to keep reflecting on how to produce more plural social narratives over the future, not only in terms of The geographies, plural in terms of of all places between many places is social narratives, but also in terms of discipline,

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): Disciplines participating of these debates.

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): and that will be all. Thank you very much.

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Tom Safford: Okay. fantastic. Thank you for this. So

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Tom Safford: I want to keep us moving along here. The last presenter is Hamid bullet, and I'm not sure if Hammond is there. I have his recorded presentation. He sent it to me. But I'm not sure he's not on zoom right now.

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Tom Safford: so I guess what we could do is the same thing we did with Aldehyde's presentation, which is, I will quickly play it and hopefully, I will do a better job with the technology. And then we should still have 15 or 20 min at the end for some discussion. So I'm going to play his presentation. And then again, you can contact him through the conference website, or I think his emails on his recording. So I'm going to give a shot of this. I will get the share sound.

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Tom Safford: and we will play his presentation, and then we will have time for discussion.

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Tom Safford: Correct?

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Hello, everybody!

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Tom Safford: First of all, let me tell you how sorry I am that I can't be fully in person presenting to you today. my name is Hamid Bulu, and I'm a Phd. Student at the University of Luxembourg.

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And today I want to take a closer look at the European floodings 2 years ago

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by discussing the results. Of a paper I wrote with my supervisor, Robin Samuel, where we analyze how the European flooding.

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 affected Environmental attitudes and behaviors.

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So about 2 years ago, parts of Europe were affected by unprecedented levels of precipitation

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 and Luxembourg, resulting in floodings. So that's in Luxembourg, where our data comes from our

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described as 100 year floodings one in lifetime floodings, because how rare those events are, and, as you can see from the new status tide headings. those extreme red events very quickly as ascribed to climate change.

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And that's why we were

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if interested. If those experiences of extreme weather events increase the environmental attitudes and the people of Luxembourg, especially young people. As our data is focusing on on this type of demographic. Secondly.

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if the the experiences of floodings close the classical environmental behavior attitudes and behavior gap. using the floodings as a moderator. And lastly.

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if those increased programmetal attitudes also translate into increased programmetal behavior

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to answer all of those questions causally. we exploit the natural experiment?  Using the timing of the floodings as a dummy variable

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because we happened to start our feed phase. 2 days before the flooding started, and we stayed in the field face collecting data.

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for another 2 month. So we use the the starting point of the floodings which is to be uncorrelated, of course, with our field phase

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as a treatments. and we also you hard-coded the special proximity of the one runner to commun the Luxembourg.

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For whether they were stronger, affected by the floodings or not, not, so strong, affected by the floodings! To to use this as a moderator for the floodings.

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And also, lastly, we use the floodings as a instrument. To answer the question, if heightened environmental attitudes, also translated into programmable behaviors

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the data we are using stems from the Youth survey Luxembourg. It is a nationally representative and generous survey, so that this sense? we don't expect any priming effect or self-action bias

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regarding the topic as our items were just a small part of our generous survey, and people didn't know

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what they would answer until the question came up in the in the survey. We collected data for about 2,400 young people ranging

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from 16 to 29 years old. So Let's take away already the results, so we can. Take a closer look at the details, and next couple of slides. So to answer the first question. yes, we saw that. The floodings had a positive effect on the programmetal attitudes.

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Also we saw that living in a closely to a commune that was heavily affected by the floodings. that those attitudes increased stronger. compared to people living in

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communes for that part. Secondly, to answer the second question, we generally didn't see that no significant moderation effect effects for

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the floodings on attitude and behavior. And last, but not least, we saw for some types of environmental behavior

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that an increase in the attitudes. Through the experiences of flooding increased also. Some types of pro environmental behavior.

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So let me first of all explain to you how we understand environmental attitudes. We take a social, psychological

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point of view. Here. understanding, environment, attitude is late and variable to be measured, consisting. we where sub dimensions.

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starting with the effective sub dimension which describes generally the emotional component of this scale

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cognitive? One which is can be described as a rational part, realizing the threats and of climate change.

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these a cognitive sub-dimension also sometimes scrubbed as the willingness to sacrifice and mitigate the

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effects of climate change. So at the bottom, you see all my keywords of all 9 items we were using. the scale is generally validated and has been used for lots of studies. And

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so now let's take a closer look at the answers, at the answer to the first question we generally saw that the floodings

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Had a significant effect on the pro raising the environmental attitudes of the people of Luxembourg.

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and when we take a closer look at the sub-dimensions, we saw that these effects were strong. As for the effective emotional sub dimension, and Weakest for the cognitive dimension, so the willingness to sacrifice

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in this case, and this is generally to be expected in line with psychological experiential learning theories.

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What we also saw was living in a commune Affected by the floodings or close to a commune that was affected by the flooding

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generally had a much stronger impact  on the environmental attitudes of the people. we saw that here.

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that this is true for all, for the whole scale, of course, but also for all. types of sub-dimensional again, here, more affecting

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the effective sub dimension of the pro environmental attitudes.

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So to answer the second question. if the floodings close the gap between attitudes and behavior. we used the floodings

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as a moderator for the effect of attitudes on behavior. And we did this for 7 types of pro- environmental behaviors, for example, nutrition by an organic meeting where we ask if how often people buy?

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Organic food, meat, consumption of naturally a meat? mobility! How do they use their car for for for distance between below 2 kilometers.

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and we generally see no differences between the coefficients for attitudes before the floodings or posts. After the flowerings.

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as depicted in blue and red. Symbols and Confidence intervals. and we also wanted to take a closer look

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that if the proximity to the floodings happened to have a a on

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closing the gap between negative behavior. And we saw, just for nutrition and for the nutritional behavior, that if people were living in a or close to a affected commune. And were affected by the floodings, of course. Then we saw

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A higher. professional, stronger correlation, stronger. Of attitudes for those types of people on behavior compared to people who are living not too close to the

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 to the affected communes. and we generally seen with significant difference, for the other types of behaviors

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so transfer the last question. We generally saw that in that the flooding significantly in the height and the increased the poor environmental attitudes of the people of Luxembourg. So the next natural question would be if those increased attitude attitudes also increase poor mandatory behavior? Right?

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So to answer this question, we employed a two-stage lease, stress regression model, where we use the floodings. it has a dummy, variable, describing pre-imposed flooding.

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Time points using this flooding as an instrument for the attitude. So we have a first stage regression model where we model attitudes.

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We would predict attitude by floodings and then use predicted attitudes, increase as a predictor and a second model in the second stage model.

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To predict each of the 7 types of pro of mindful behavior. to see if those association are significant. And this type of framework allows us to

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inference causally, if the relationship between attitude and behavior are causally given. and we saw

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one type of behavior in our regression model that the association between the attitudes and the meat consumption was significantly, positively associated

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 given by the floodings after the floodings. and also for for another type of behavior. We observed that

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Energy, consumption! was positively, significantly and casually affected by the increased attitudes which we instrumented by the floodings.

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so, but generally for the other. That's a behavior we saw, you observe no significant associations, and this is for oftentimes also extremely plausible. Let's say, for mobility we see no effects, no association, virtually no associations there. And this is kind of expected, because we know that

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using your car is extremely costly to change the type of behavior because it depends on so many other factors, and oftentimes there are no alternatives, or extremely costly in terms of your resources, times, and so on.

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even more so of your family, I guess I would say. or depending where you live. So generally we saw, we interpreted these results very plausibly.

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 yeah, to sum it up, we saw that generally saw a increase in environmental attitudes. but those increased attitudes only partially

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translated in a few types of behavior which are more or less known to be more easy to change in this case. meat, consumption and energy reduce reduction.

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 I hope that you've found those results as interesting as I do. and

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and thank you for your attention. I am sorry again for not being for missing out on the opportunity to speak to all of you. If you want to reach out, please contact me via email, if you want and have a great day.

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Tom Safford: Okay?

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Tom Safford:  so that was So there was Hammond's presentation again. I encourage you. If you want to reach out to him some interesting quantitative research on some of the topics we've been discussing. So now comes probably the most challenging thing where we have

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Tom Safford: people in Australia. And then our small little group here online. we do have 20 min in our allotted time for questions, so

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Tom Safford: I'm not sure if

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Tom Safford: someone there in Australia, I can field the questions somehow, and maybe then.

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Tom Safford:  the panelists here that I'm the volunteer here at the moment. Perfect.

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Tom Safford: excellent

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microphone here. I was like to take around

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Tom Safford: all right. Perfect.

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Yeah, all right. Hi, Mark Stodart from Memorial University in Canada. and question for roles to start with. so I the presentation, did a really excellent job of teasing out some of the challenges and barriers to meaningful it social science and management. And the Icc. So I was wondering in your data. You said you. I think you did have interviews with some social scientists.

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so are they having to do almost double duty or a double day, both being part of the Ipcc. But then also advocating for the kinds of institutional reforms that would be necessary for more meaningful inclusion and engagement in the Ipcc.

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Or is that something that they don't

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kind of get their hands messy with in terms of trying to advocate for those institutional reforms?

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The

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in my interview study. It only included 3 social scientists. It was 2 humaniographer of an anthropologist.

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and

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and they

434
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did not discuss that to any extent.

435
01:32:41.200 --> 01:32:42.240
Yeah.

436
01:32:42.850 --> 01:32:49.469
there is a great, which I think you are aware of a great discussion about.

437
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Should social scientists more be outside the I Pissy. raising questions that are not

438
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in its current form possible to race within the Ivcc. And its reports? Or should I try to more, as you said, reform it from inside?

439
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I think

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what I've heard is that some social sciences try to mobilize

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for the Ipcc meeting in the end of July about institutional reform.

442
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and the

443
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it is tricky about it. I guess it is needed, because it will be much more demands on the Ipcc to produce policy around science when the Paris agreement should not all be agreed on, but also implemented.

444
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So I think there will be changes. But I have no idea about what will happen.

445
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Thank you.

446
01:34:00.020 --> 01:34:08.930
Hello, everybody. My name is Matthi Coyote. I'm from Leo T. University of Finland. and I also have a question to Ralph.

447
01:34:08.980 --> 01:34:16.630
So you will talk about the future expertise. And you mentioned, for example.

448
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that there needs to be more solution oriented work.

449
01:34:21.380 --> 01:34:33.930
So do you have any more kind of ideas about this about possible future steps. I mean, what does it mean for academics and for for a for a social scientist?

450
01:34:42.530 --> 01:34:48.179
Did I get it correct that you asked about the future. My ideas about next step more.

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you know.

452
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Yeah.

453
01:34:54.510 --> 01:34:56.990
Oh, it's hard to

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to get the role of being an expert on expertise.

455
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and

456
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I don't know. Really, I mean, the Ipcc has

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been successful in creating an an authoritative voice, and I think that for many, not least natural science it's involved, they find that it is kind of trying to get

458
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to say this is consensual knowledge, or this is a

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by science, and to speak in and in a single voice has been quite important, whereas social scientists now say that we need to more contextualize, we need to see more that it differs from different. So I have. I have no good. I have not, and a good response on that

460
01:35:46.060 --> 01:35:49.020
question, but we can't discuss that later.

461
01:35:53.530 --> 01:36:05.069
yes, thank you for presentations. I have a question about the translation of the scientific knowledge about a climate crisis

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to, let's say, the political or the policy sphere, and how scientists. And this is a question for Ralph and for

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01:36:13.900 --> 01:36:21.510
Teresa. How how scientist reflects on the fact that.

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let's say an academic conference. The setting where we are now is a very different setting from the

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public sphere or the policy sphere, where you also have to deal with climate change, denialists and people who

466
01:36:35.320 --> 01:37:04.080
maybe they? They? They believe that climate change is really happening. But at the same time there's economic stakes involved. So they don't want to change their behavior so much. How do they reflect on this? And how do they believe that they can convince these kinds of actors to change? Because I think this is in the end what they want. Right? This is what Ipc wants not only to have a nice report, but also to have a real impact. So how do they reflect on these issues.

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): Well, if you want first, then

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I think they would like to hear another voice first.

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): Okay.

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): okay, thank you. Yeah. I think this this part is important not to recognize that the Ipcc reports and assessments are not only in to a state. And how is the climate change knowledge. How? How is the progress of of evidence on climate change? What also?

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): It has a political role.

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01:37:54.170 --> 01:38:07.499
Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): all these production of knowledge to influence their so but I'm I wouldn't. I'm curious about listening the role answer, because I wouldn't say the task of scientists

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): to convince anyone in the sense that I don't know if we are expecting too much from this infrastructure. A.

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): E. C.

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): A. But rather but more than that, they are not. I mean, science is not telling us what to do. And we need to distinguish this, this part.

476
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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): the the space for doing or actioning something? Is there a space in which science is one part in many other.

477
01:38:56.280 --> 01:39:00.130
Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): There are many stakes, no, a at in the table.

478
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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): and is more a political debate, and we need to recognize, I would say, is not the task of scientists to convince? The short answer will be that no, but what I understand the the concern that you that you put here in the sense that

479
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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): how do we it

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01:39:18.370 --> 01:39:29.540
Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): phase that the nihilism or negotiations, or how do we progress on this? So I wouldn't have a

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Teresa de León-Escobedo (UNAM, Mexico): a sufficient answer, a good answer. But I would say, that is not the task any more of scientists, or is not the the role of them from my perspective and understanding.

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If I should give you a short response

483
01:39:48.870 --> 01:39:53.960
as I see it, it's a difference between science and expertise. and

484
01:39:54.460 --> 01:40:01.220
expertise is in some sense in between policy and science. That sense.

485
01:40:01.250 --> 01:40:05.070
The challenge for expertise is to be both

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relevant but also credible. credible towards

487
01:40:12.330 --> 01:40:18.170
the scientific community that is, not making it to

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and complex.

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01:40:22.130 --> 01:40:31.510
and also to be relevant, be understood. And also. And one way to understand what is happening is that they

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experts like the Ipcc expert organization or in with that, but what they are contacting some know it, some don't know it, but they are conducting stage management

491
01:40:41.930 --> 01:40:59.329
like Hoffman, they putting things backstage and put front stage depending on their context and about the target groups? I mean, in some cases it's very important to show that this is certain knowledge. And we, I can have an uncertain analysis, and so on in other contexts. That is not the

492
01:40:59.440 --> 01:41:02.719
that's not a problem, the uncertainty. So it.

493
01:41:02.920 --> 01:41:05.310
I think that that is how they

494
01:41:06.060 --> 01:41:09.670
navigate, I think, in a different landscape, and then

495
01:41:10.410 --> 01:41:16.940
I guess I don't remember the full question you raise, but I guess it also about the future, about what's the next step.

496
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or what? Yeah.

497
01:41:20.740 --> 01:41:32.679
And I don't really know. But I see there are different voices about coming closer to the policymakers, and this transformative change means that you cannot only say that

498
01:41:33.350 --> 01:41:45.410
giving a number of options and some of the options are rather unrealistic if you read the assessment reports from the Ipcc. Because they will not be able to put them in practice, whereas others may be.

499
01:41:45.770 --> 01:41:53.359
and some says that scientists must become closer to the political realities. But that means that they also have a problem.

500
01:41:53.760 --> 01:41:56.169
could have a problem about the credibility.

501
01:41:56.280 --> 01:42:05.189
And because we have different, as as I show in in their understanding, we have different view on epistemic and normativity

502
01:42:05.240 --> 01:42:11.770
aspects as scientists, and how we should work. But what does it mean? Science for action? What is that

503
01:42:12.190 --> 01:42:14.210
kind of role should that imply?

504
01:42:14.370 --> 01:42:18.170
And there, I see it's a plurality of different standings.

505
01:42:23.900 --> 01:42:26.269
Anyone online wants to make a comment

506
01:42:32.430 --> 01:42:33.869
like that. Might be it

507
01:42:37.030 --> 01:42:42.670
Tom Safford: you there, Tom? So are there any more questions there in the audience?

508
01:42:43.210 --> 01:42:45.239
None. None here, by luck. With.

509
01:42:47.880 --> 01:42:59.990
Tom Safford: okay. all right. Well, I want to thank everybody for soldiering through this sort of hybrid situation, and thank you to our volunteer there and to rol for

510
01:43:00.460 --> 01:43:20.300
Tom Safford: taking the lead on. You know the other end of the globe. and I would encourage you to reach out to any of the authors, whether they're folks who actually presented here, or the 2 folks who did presentations. All their contact information is in the program schedule. I know they'd love to hear for any any feedback or comments, but

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Tom Safford: have a enjoy the rest of the conference. And

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01:43:23.880 --> 01:43:27.420
Tom Safford: thanks for thanks for an interesting session.