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Sandra: okay. And and and gentlemen, we've reached the point of time. My name is Russell Dickie. I'm from Charleston University, a doctoral student there, and I'll be chairing today's session.

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as we'd expect for the technology-based session. We've got all 3 types of technology. We've got some pre-recorded sessions. We've got some in-person sessions and starting with our first presenter. It's going to be an online.

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But in nature, with all things technology, I still have the pieces of paper that I'll hold up to all of our presenters to make sure that they stay on time of 12 min each.

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and we will do questions at the end.

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So our first presenter is Sandra, Mr. From that disaster confidence network, Austria. And as an Australian, I need to make sure I don't automatically read that as Australia. So Sandra, over to you, and I'll hold the pitches up in front of the camera for the Times as we get to them. So thank you very much.

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Sandra: Perfect. Thank you for the introduction, and good morning, everyone. I'm sitting in Australia, and also

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my name is Sandra Pista. I'm working at the DC. And A. And today I will speak about implementing new technologies in the field of disaster management. Some insight from the K is like this project. And at this point I want to thank you for organizing the standing.

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I'm looking forward to this great discussion.

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Sandra: So in end of 2,021, we started with the kiosk funded project, Kai sacrist with the transdisciplinary project. The goal was to develop a system for the

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Sandra: the deployment of aerial and ground, and parts of it are, for example, the collaborative data collection. It's integration to a common operational picture and the semi autonomous and task management system.

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Sandra: Our part, a social scientific partner, was the company that engineering project from a social scientific perspective and built it around for a practically relevant development. But examining the stakeholder requirements and deployment strategies. to do so. We conducted focus groups and and problem centered stakeholder integrals with practitioners in the fighting on different levels.

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Sandra: And what became soon clear was that an effective implementation of new technologies into the field of firefighting systems or emergency management on a more general level. It's a far more complex. And they are that needs and holistic perspective and not just looking on technical functional requirements.

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Sandra: So the starting point of the approach is the recognition of emergency operations being a highly demanding situation for emergency responders.

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Sandra: Emergencies are characterized by hazards, volatility, urgency, complexity, and innovative technologies, such as drones, robots, or information systems shall provide support by autonomous task, completion or assistance, such as eop creation, additional protection, transport, assistance, and so forth.

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Clearly the aim is to increase the safety, efficiency and efficiency of missions. For example, by saving resources

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Sandra: and or decrease the physical, mental gardens

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Sandra: from a narrow engineering perspective. The focus is clearly on technical functionalities. The relevance of individual and social factors for the successful environment development of assistive technology is recognized. But it is recognized just by having such stakeholder involvement.

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Sandra: as a central principle of the same research, however, despite new technologies, often provide technical functionalities that an extra demands raised by practitioners, they are often under utilized or like, like full utilization.

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Sandra: Bidena and his colleagues. There were stated in their study, on acceptance, on criteria for firefighting technologies, although emerging technologies, often new functionalities. Little can hands beset about the true potential to enhance the operations of fire departments. Issues of later or under utilization are also raised by our interview partners. So it seems to be really.

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Sandra: oh. look on this literature. Despite technology, implementation and disas and some firefighting have rarely been examined. Science and technology studies on a more general level provides us with many people, approaches to factors that influence technology, implementation, acceptance and diffusion. as a next time to go in greater detail for each approach. I just want to.

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Sandra: simply short and simply. And Charlie mentioned the cornerstones in the big picture. Firstly, some have argued for a nuanced view of technology, acceptance and non-use. So it is not a binary view. It is not just acceptance or non-acceptance. It's monuments.

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Sandra: I don't have to emphasize that we need a few that pay attention to the temporal and processor dynamics. And to put technology implementation into its context thus considers its embeddedness in broader structures and not just taking the technology as a single entity that is isolated from the field where it is applied

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researchers on technology, acceptance of

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Sandra: emphasize the technology centered factors such as the functionalities and disability issues, such as user friendly interfaces, extra-centered folk factors such as cognitive, effective components and associate demography, such as age and chamber, institutional and system structures such as the legal framework, one

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that brought a social context, such as influential actors in the social context already supplies, but also broader culture effects of such as, for example, generous social trust in a given society, especially dogs.

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Sandra: the the actors who implemented a technology and and the ideas that are used to shape and the meaning of technology

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Sandra: evidence, hardly any research that applies these well-known approaches to the field of emergency management or firefighting, at least in my knowledge. But there are a few examples, exceptions, such as fighting and his colleagues, which I mentioned earlier as well. We applied, for example, the diffusion of innovation model from ruptures or the technology acceptance models.

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to the implementation of technology in the firefighting system, and found, for example, that there is a cross-case difference between different technologies and not just between different fields. So that's an interesting kind of thing.

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Sandra: plus. There are plenty of approaches to technology utilization. But what is missing from my perspective is an application and validation of the various approaches for the field of emergency management and firefighting, as well as a holistic perspective that includes the various passive stones, because these are all

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Sandra: different approaches that are quite fragmented and are different, and singer basilstones, and together they can be built a big picture.

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Therefore I would like to suggest the opportunity and framework that provides us with such a perspective and helps us to understand the complex natural

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Sandra: of technology use and identify potential barriers. So from a good Ts and perspective, we can think of emergency management, of firefighting as a field, as a locals of specialist practice.

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Sandra: The specialist actors in this field produce field-specific products, namely, security employee and meaning, which provides the practices with fetchitiveness and orientation sofa. The dual field is embedded in an ensemble of structural components which are interrelated and are more or less in accordance 2.

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It's not actually The kinetic track.

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Sandra: Technological artifacts cannot be analyzed as a standalone entity, but must put into the context of the field, then folder meaning, for example, as a rest source within the field specific structure and logic.

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from that view, technologically, innovations can be thought as a transfer of a field external force into the field which is then bifurcated by field intern and structures, structure and logics.

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Sandra: This intrusion stipulates field internal dynamics, and may either easily fit the established structures, or may cause ruptures. Such ruptures may be a hindrance for acceptance or utilization of technological innovations. Thus, in order to gain a better understanding of technology, acceptance and utilization in our field.

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Sandra: we should look in greater detail on the structural interfaces and see in how far this balances appear between these.

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Sandra: let's have now a close look on the practical protection that is, on practical piece, which is also a result of the concurrence of 3 structural components in any given situation.

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Sandra: that are resources, field structures, such as norms and correlations, and an actors, dispositions of thinking, acting, and perceiving the word but your what you would call it the habitats, and these structures interact and bring forth practices in any given situation.

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Sandra: And as long as these structures are in accordance, there is a constant reproduction of practice. But once an income grants between the structures occur, practices may fail or adaptation.

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Sandra: So let's have a closer look on structural interfaces to give some examples. Looking on the material that we gathered during our interviews, we see that the implementation of innovative technologies indeed, causes some ruptures.

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Sandra: First and foremost, it causes veto dynamics as it widens the opportunity space by adding potential new resources with new functionalities and the opportunity for pre collage. However, it does not necessarily fit 2 min there.

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Sandra: the field structures, but also hindrances, may occur. Firstly, it might be perceived as adding no relative advantage, as one firefighting article argues, I'm a bit reluctant against that. If you can see can apply simple technologies, why should we also deploy theft?

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Sandra: If practice our practices run smooth and no practical problem is to be solved. A change in the way of doing things may thus not be welcomed by the actors who shall apply it.

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Sandra: Safety and reliability issues may limit the perceived opportunity space as well. For example, one respondent concerns that the new technology may cause noise, annoyance, and potential harm to emergency responders.

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Sandra: Further west, from an engineering perspective, a new solution is seen as an additional resource and saving other S sources. It is rather seen to require additional resources, investment, and transformation rather than simply saving resources, which is expressed home. There.

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Sandra: I'm close.

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Sandra:  There is also a a rupture from the second second age. This is the second as an example like this. and then I will leave out some some slides. to the yeah, acknowledged the time limit.

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Sandra: so there is also a rapture from the second Amy in this practical way, and it is not just the implementation of an artifact, but it forces the creation of a new field position, for example, for operators, operated teams, or even triggers into organizational or interfield collaboration, for example, with paramet to services, or something like that.

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Sandra: make it necessary to change the form and informal groups of the game. Further, the new technology might not just be seen as an additional resource or instrument that enable new practices, but also as a capital, maybe a source of the power.

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Sandra: maybe a means of a distinction in case and public profits. Thus may even trigger struggles over power.

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Sandra: One interview, he told us that extras in nearly creative positions with control over new technologies may not subordinate under the established structures structures.

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Sandra: He says he must be aware of the fact that he is not the commander. He must receive conscious commands. The commander of the drone operating team is not the commander of the mission. That's effect. During exercises and during normal operations he must fit the system.

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Sandra: Others told us about conflicts where firefighters tonight to participate in exercises when a drone was operated. Apparently the technology itself booths the competition about symbolic rough profit.

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Sandra: It is important that it becomes a standardized resource.

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Sandra: Yeah, then it will cease being something special. That's important. As long as it is a unicom, and it's rarely deployed. It will be something special. Of course we are operated by volunteers. They want to make exciting experiences. Thus it will become a folk one.

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Sandra: so we leave out the other slides and come forward to the conclusion

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Sandra: shortly. Some up on my core argument was that technical functionalities are not sufficient for practically relevant technologies in the firefighting or emergency response. Rather a holistic perspective on the 59 is needed and a success to apply board using framework to provide us with a newest view

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Sandra: from death perspective. Technology is not just an artifact that is used as an additional instrument in firefighting or emergency response. It is a transfer of an external force in a given field structure structure where field dynamics are stipulated.

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Sandra: These dynamics may cause rupture between previously homologous structures and from debt barriers against acceptance or elections may be pure. Thus, in order to really understand, under utilization or lack of acceptance, we should pay closer attention to the dynamics that emerge related to the practical and interlinked with emergency management.

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Sandra: And so and at my end, and thank you for your attention.

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Thank you, Sandra.

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Sandra: if you could stop sharing your screen now. Thank you. Yeah. And to be around for the end. So we can have some questions.

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So our next session is a pre-recorded session

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from the fang from China.

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I will apologize in advance because I'm going to completely butcher all of the name pronunciations as we go forward.

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Hello, everyone! My name to you, the

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and I'm in front of my mind.

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Nbc. In China.

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and I'm very pleased to have the opportunity to participate in this economic conference

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today. The topic of my presentation is a sent, my trick review of big data technology

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in the that. The management next I. You present my return from the foliant word of spikes.

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Firstly, it is the by one section.

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in recent years frequent occurrence of incidents, such as fares, emoji, infections, disease, floods, earthquakes, and other emergencies

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have a severely impacted social stability and a development pulse in a street. To people's life

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as we can see in the pictures. There are situations like the command, 19 pandemic.

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monkey, pox.

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Australian mushrooms, and so on.

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Different types of emergencies result in varying degrees of cavities and economic losses

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severely impacting social stability and development.

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Big data foundational technologies are based on clothes poop composing for data storage management, meaning and analysis.

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The core technologies include the data collection

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machine learning with a pretty processing and a dead basis.

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With the rapid development of big data technology, it has more and more applied, even disaster management

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in fields such as the rescue, public health, monitoring and warning environment governance.

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Thus the research aims to

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a nylon enlightened the status quo of dictator in disas management by conducting a bibliometric analysis of the scientific politicians from Weiba.

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So, secondly, it is the mystical section

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we searched the vibrations core collection database, which includes 4 editions

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I see I supported. as I see. I,

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Cpc, I. I said. It's H. It is by Tony.

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The search strategy is a dictator and a disaster. With sophisticated search the time is from its inception to September 20, seventh, 2022,

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and next.

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it is the inclusion and a scoring criteria.

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The frustration criterion is a starting with the scene of big data rather than dictator, being a part of the sorry

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second is a started with the scene of disasters.

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and the third is it to exclude replication studies

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finally to of 7,000? So the 143 publications were searched.

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and 7,723 were included and announced, and night

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the number of documents published, the most assigned peoples, and the productivity of country were unlined by his side software.

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The size of nose represented publication of sedation number but years. The sickness of a lone present represented the strings of the co-hostship.

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I'll call City issue relationship.

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The research foxes were dismissed by Katharine Kimberly Wilsonville's. We are

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as a high-frame music keywords were used to reflect the subjective research topic.

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Third, it is the results. Section

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first, we connected an analysis of the Toton Institutions in the self-partication volume. it can be observed, designed Chinese actame of fences

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runs first

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with 123 public issues. followed by University of Tokyo.

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and Wine, and worthy both with 58 publications, ranked second.

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We also conducted an analysis of also a collaboration network and a publication

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put off 25 thousands to hand, were 18 authors were identified with a three-old set as 3, and finally 6 and or 8 authors were included in the left grass. We can see that different colors represent classers formed by different users.

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among them the top 10 authors in terms of publication.

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Austrian is people on the right

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nice we

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and lies country's San fake production

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in the life to craft, we can see that the intensity of colours represents the quantity of publications, among them. The Toppedin countries in terms of publication, are in the table, on the right.

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We can say that China has the hives, the number of proportions, Bolobo, followed by the U.S.A. And England.

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Finally, we analyze the frequency of keywords with all light as a global pandemic of a great and a continued. It was a key object in current research

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at the same time with the continuous occurrence of the deserts. The new concept of urban embankment, Resident city had gradually become the folks of the international community.

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Besides, in the ivory of big data, social media is very straight. Twitter had become a mainstream for the public to share information.

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so the right to the governance of Oman public to me, is also a not-worthy part of the last arrangement.

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First, it is the conclusion, conclusions section.

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Through the analysis of institutions. We can fancy the Chinese Academy of Social senses for the purposes of the institutions. In terms of publications.

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Chinese. The institutions account for 17 of the total

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which, along with the national publication, ranking, indicating light. China runs first in terms of publications

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followed by the United States.

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Through the analysis of all suppers, it can be found out in more, in ordering more handmade from her mainstream.

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Harry Fergusky, in Japan, has a hair number of publications.

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however, over, or there is not much difference

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in in a number of applications amongst topting users. In addition, there are fewer classrooms in the collaboration

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network of the authors in the kitchen lower level of collaboration. Among them

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it is nasty to strengthen the chorus department and Herls no cooperation in the future.

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Finally, the keyword analysis indicated that we couldate her and feature Intelligence

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COVID-19 machine learning social media with as a management resilience in tonight of sins, information, and as Mar City as a current research house. Both.

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That's how census

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and that appears to be it for that.

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Yeah.

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yeah.

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So for something different, we'll have somebody come up and talk

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so from the University of Toulouse in France.

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Okay.

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thank you. Russell.

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Hello, everybody here. I'm thrilled to be here. It's the first time for me down under So I'm 3 to be to the research Committee 39. And this session about technology and disaster. Hello to everybody there, wherever you are, and whenever you are, is probably

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early for you in some cases of late, in other cases, so I hope you hear me fine. I will try to stand here in front of a camera, so you can. you can see.

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So let me just briefly introduce myself first, please, before kicking off with my presentation. My name is Paolo Craig Larry, from the University of Toulouse in France.

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I'm a researcher and lecturer in sociology. I teach sociology of public policy, sociology, of organization, many other things, including brisk communication in a sociological perspective. And I've been doing my research over the last 20 years about risk-related issues, basically base stations submitted for mobile phones. And then industrial risk

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relating to major accidents due to chemical activities.

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So I'm talking about today about the disaster management and ties of my presentation reads technology in disaster, prevention and management, innovation, governance and concealed knowledge.

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Okay?

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And you might have to do that one.

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Sorry. And then just more of it. And I'm very happy with you.

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And then the

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and he see

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we're good. Take it. No, it's for me. I'll select blue. Okay, thank you.

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So my presentation reads technology and disaster, prevention and management, innovation, governance and conceal knowledge. I'm talking a little bit about innovation here.

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technology as well, governance and a bit more about concealed knowledge.

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So what are we talking about here? Well, as you know, disaster prevention is a

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and disaster management overall is a wicked problem, meaning that we cannot really solve the problem with one agency or organization, or institution or administration. It's too big a problem in order to copy it.

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to cope with it just one single agency. So we have many governance networks and governance related dynamics as We learn from our twinren and many others, and we also know that when it comes down to disaster management, basically, you have urgency on one side and magnitude on the other side urgency, meaning that you have to go

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fast with a fire brigade, with a civil protection, with helicopters and whatever, and like, and magnitude. Because if you don't act in an efficient way, there are possible negative catastrophic

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repercussions on wide populations. Okay, we also know many of the things that

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like, for example, that disaster are not really solemnly occurring right. We know from Charles per 1,984 at least onwards, that well, catastrophes and crisis happen.

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This is due to a high level of complexity in organizations and within organization and into organizational aspects. And so we should bear this in mind. But I guess you all know this song, so I won't have it to sing it for you. Okay, so what I'm doing here, right? Only because I I I got less than 5 min to talk

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is to do the following things, number one, a case, study, a country, a public policy, a research question, and some conclusions.

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So I'm talking here about a case study in a sociological perspective from Italy, in the Veneto region, and more specifically in the municipality of Venice, in the petrochemical plant of Poroso Megara.

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The public policy I'm addressing is cmats, which is the acronym in Italian for roughly translated into an English integrated system for environmental monitoring and crisis management.

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To prevent and manage major accidents like such as leaks explosions, fire due to industrial chemical activities. So I'm not talking here about natural catastrophic events or nuclear power plants exploding, for example, just about chemical plants and a related issue of major accidents due to chemical activities.

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 the research question I'm asking myself, and I propose to answer to this is, how are public policies about disaster, prevention, and management designed and implemented?

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So this image is quite an interesting case study because it performs at the same time simultaneously 3 tasks. data collection of pollutants in the air data analysis and crisis management as a third task.

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and I'm talking about this. This is Italy, the country in Red the Veneto region in the northeastern parts of Italy, before the Adriatic Sea. You have the city of Venice, and inside you have this, which is

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the oldest and biggest industrial area in Italy, the port of Margara industrial area. You have the classical things that are related to petrochemical sites, like, for example, the pipeline chimneys, reservoirs, tanks, railroads, roads, etc., and you have

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the following things

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that gathers data about pollutants in the air. It is a set of emitters and receivers, and you have a beam, a laser beam that reads between the emitter and the receiver, and quantifies the chemical pollutants that are in the air.

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And this is for task number one, monitoring environmental chemicals. India! This is the plan of the site. I'm not sure it's entirely visible. You got With yellow dots, the emitters in red dots

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the receiver, and in blue laser beams that are outside of the chemical plants, you see, are probably 1, 2, 3, 4 of the doors position, though, as being the acronym of dual optical absorption, spectroscopy.

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This is task number 2

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data gathering the first task are conveyed to a specially equipped room staffed by personnel, 24 h a day, 7 days a week, all year long, that elaborate the data, and in case of an event, for example, thresholds of emissions trespassed by pollutants in the air

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and trigger. The third phase, which is emergency management with the Fire Brigade going out silly protection, doing whatever it does the mayor, the perfect, and everybody making sure that everybody is safe and that the population is safe.

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So

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what I'm trying to tell you about the public policies. The following thing number one. As far as innovation is concerned, the Se image is a not only a new technological device. It is also an innovative service to the population. It has been designed in 2,001 tested 5 years later, operation of from 2,007,

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and it performs 3 tasks, data, collection, data, analysis and emergency management. It has no equivalent, not only literally, but in all of Europe, because, generally speaking, you manage to perform one or 2 of these tasks in disaster, prevention, and management at a time, not 3 at the same time.

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as far as governance is concerned. se image is the result of a partnership. Thank you, Russell. It's the result of a partnership between the public and the private sector, which is not really uncommon. I should probably know the private sector and the public sector meant to go together in governance systems, generally speaking.

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this is not a problem. at all. But in this case what it has to be said is that here there is a partnership, a collaboration between on one side the regional agency of Veneto for environmental protection, and on the other side the plants of the industrial area and the Italian law says that they have to be in a very precise and formal relationship.

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where the regional agency of vanity is the controller making inspections on the sites having judicial police powers, and on the other side you have the chemical plants that are the inspector. So the enforced basically. So the control of the controlled party. So it's a quite tricky partnership that go beyond the go goes beyond the the law between the controller, the police, so to speak.

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and controlled the thieves, so to speak. As an interviewee. Tell me

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very importantly. Number 3. Last, but not least, issues of agnoteology. What I mean by that is that the whole public policy has been done in secluded areas, confined spaces with low, so social noise as the French sociologist, clergyber, and Manuel Harri would say, no media coverage, no citizens involved in the way whatsoever.

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This is not really inaction. There is action, public policy. It's not really ignorance. In magnetology. There is a lot of knowledge involved.

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domino effects. flammability, etc. But it is surely an issue of invisibility. So agnatology, not in action, not ignorance, but at least invisibility in secluded spaces behind closed doors, where experts from the public sector and the public and the private sector exchange views about industrial race

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disaster, management, technology, and so on. So

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and so forth.

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So I guess, Brussels, I have 1 min to conclude. Right

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sorry I'm anticipating. So 3 things, basically number one system works.

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I've been told that the system works pretty well for many parties, including some citizens. there has been no accident so far, and this raises for me. I think the question of efficacy, because the system is efficient and technocracy behind closed doors versus legitimacy. No citizens involved

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big problem. In some cases the system is efficient. It's not really the legitimate In the sense that citizens paid taxpayers paid for it 4 million years, but they were not included in any arena whatsoever. For example, in France there are many roundtables. There is a N. That says that citizens have to be included and listened to and remember in Italy, in Europe. In general, there are the seventh of Directives that say

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that they empower citizens, and that citizens have to be included in arenas of discussion here. So there is an issue of technocracy, democracy, depoliticization, and technicalizations of issue

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number 2. This is an unprecedented collaboration. I've never heard about this before, not only blurring the boundaries between the controller and the control, but also going a little bit further in the collaboration they have. So it's not corruption. It's not probably collusion, nothing out of the law, but, generally speaking, a tricky issue, where the inspectors at the same time collaborate with the inspected party

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where I live and teach in France. This would never be possible. Okay.

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when I talk about this.

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they probably tell me that it is unheard of to have such a system in Italy it's a little bit different. So conclusion number 2, an unprecedented collaboration that raises issues of ethical implications about the regulator.

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the ones who enforce regulation and regulated on the other side.

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and a very tricky topic about disaster, management, and prevention and number 3. There is an issue of invisible knowledge here

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that poses institutional risk and also reputation and risk. Can I say this? Because at the regional agency of vanity they could take credit for an unprecedented and very brilliantly conceived. Innovation! But they don't. They prefer to hide 150

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because they think that with credit something else would come up meaning citizens criticism. So in order to answer to the research question, I would like to say, in conclusion, that public policy are developed, conceived, and implemented in many different ways. I showed you one that raises questions about technocracy and depoliticization, ethical implications, and a reputational and institutional risk.

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I thank you very much indeed, I thank you. Thank you.

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Thank you.

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Okay. So our next one is also a recorded session.

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Pablo, from the University of Alicante in Spain.

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Okay, so it's interesting. It's a recorded session, but it looks to be just a set of Pdf.

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Slides.

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I was going to say, is there another bottle in there.

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So go we had that support.

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Will that?

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Yes.

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that's the

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now. Yes.

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Ok. So if you go to the bottom of the box, try that one.

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so I'll click on that.

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Hello, and good morning.

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Thank you all for your interest in this communication. This work came out by

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these myself

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consist of the creation of a library of early warming message for flat risk management.

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This is a work done from the sociology of risk applied to the field of risk communication. Specifically, these presentations summarize methodology created by the on the

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of this work to create a library of flat risk and warming message

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from the identification of the mathematic areas of the library to the final.

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The animation of the warming message.

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Therefore, during this presentation, we are going to expose a methodological process through which we have create these libraries

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form of message. Okay?

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So why did we decide to carry out his work? First of all, because the government of the of philanthropy and the outcome of this work to create the

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one message.

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the emergency services of the region.

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the seminar

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experience in the last decades, and have designed to improve the

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systems. Okay. So one of the lines of this improvement is related to the creation of a library of wording message to send performance actions.

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recovery, advice to the population in these situations.

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This new early warning system, based on the message libraries and main technologies.

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are also one of the new demands of the warming systems and recently designed by the European Union.

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The emergency services of this region asks us to undertake this research, and we start to work, how we decide to divide the work into 3 main steps.

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First, we had to identify the thematic areas of the library

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of Message at the sections in which the message

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specify an automatic level, and second, the writing of the warming message following systematic criteria of style and structure. Okay, finally, as a third step, the validation or testing of the message. Okay, checking that validity from the technical point of view, and from the point of view of the understanding of the local population. Okay.

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First step to identify the thematic sections of the library of one message we conduct to analyzing.

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First, we perform an analogy of every call recycled by the emergency services of this study region during the last and larger flight events in this area. Okay, this flat event, which took place in a term

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1,989 was the second most costly in that early sister in the Spanish history great. So we perform a content, and all you see of more than 4,000 calls with one day by name every in these embassies identifying the types of emergencies. Okay, the topology of emergencies. We use to identify that through an exceptions of the library.

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Secondly.

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and we carry out a review of the word medicines for 9 Spanish and 6 international emergency. And in order to ensure the exhaustiveness of mathematic areas of the

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Okay, thanks to the analysis of the cause and the view of the very honored warning message.

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From other emergency agencies we obtain a total of 55 kg. Okay, from this 55. The magic is

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in the next step. We tool classify the flood warning message.

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So the message were also distributed by the 4 main phases of the life cycle of the flock. Events, that is, prevention requirements. Response on the current phase. Okay.

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therefore, some measures are based on advice before the brain and over on advice for recovering from the effects of the flat events

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was the thematic structure of the Message library was defined. We designed to write the warming message

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for this objective. We've told as a references time format using the warning message revealed in the framework in the previous of faith to it.

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In addition, the message were a structure according to the community communicative functions.

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Specifically, we use mins in the Cobell model for writing a model message the message in this way, how far structure

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you can divide into 3 parts

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a headline where the essential information was given a supporting fact, or some polls are given to illustrate how to implement the essential information given in the headline, and finally a complementary information

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writing and reviewing the message. The team in chairs of these research, right wrote a total of 99 films and scoring message. Okay. 99. Message distributed in 5 to 5 through, I think, areas along the formal phases of the life cycle of a flat. Again.

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this is an example of a warming message. The final format of the military was the one you can see in his life. We can see a first part with thematic coding of the message, a second part of

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informational content of the measures, and a third part with additional information resources

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which can be used by the emergency services. Okay.

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Its message has its own data sheet, as shown in this night.

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and in this way the Library of Measures is presenting operational and healthy format for the emergency services.

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Anessee in chairs of the same in honors. Okay?

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finally, one of the 99 wording message.

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we we decide to carry out a testing process. Okay, first, we select the most technically sensitive measures and validate them

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experts. Okay, that is the message, or more technical topics, such as, first, a traffic or equation

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where Review and

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my expert, since the doctor's 45 years old, boy, uses visualizing natural disaster management. Okay? And finally all the message. And there is the 99 message war test by the local population. We carry out the focus.

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And I'm sorry with John and

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and only people. And

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of that valuation process of the word message. During the sessions we carry out the evaluation of the message, understanding, selling, sectionability and expansion

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capacity of the dimensions. After 6 testing, we incorporate the necessary changes and obtain the final

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of warming methods. So

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As conclusion, this work, which is.

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and a new field of study, represents an opportunity and a challenge in the current context of climate change. Race communication through a rewarding systems, I think, is a very interesting field in which we are sociologists

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contribute with our value knowledge. So that's all. And thank you very much for

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okay.

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done.

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So

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that's the end of that session. And next one is a remote session.

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I'll stop sharing, so Jennifer can come in. I did see her there before

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Jennifer. Are you still awake? That's good. After this morning session. You were wondering if you're going to make it for us. Yes, I have passed out several times, but I'm still here.

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Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: Okay.

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if you like to start sharing your screen. You will see me come up with some little timers, and so on, as we go through the time.

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and I'll dutifully do what I need to do as far as killing different bars, etc., so that I don't get in trouble when they come back in.

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If you look at it.

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Gone off, anyway. So that's good. So over to yourself.

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Thank you very much. Jennifer, from Puerto Rico.

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Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: Thank you. yeah. So I'm gonna present today some work that we've been putting together since the 2,020 earthquake sequence to understand a little bit how people are making decisions particularly related to protective actions in the context of concurrent disasters.

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Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: so this credit really emerged in the immediate aftermath of the 2,020 earthquake sequence. as it usually the case, the sex. The researchers are often approached to provide recommendations on how to communicate with the public. and we oftentimes ask, act as experts and provide those recommendations with very good intentions, but with very limited research and data

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Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: to inform them, particularly when we're dealing with what situations in which we're calling the immediate aftermath to do this. So this was also the case. like, about a week after the earthquakes I was called by the Usgs

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Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: to help with the communication of the aftershock forecasting port of vehicle and I, I I went had the meeting, and at some point in a very cordial but at the same time assertive way. stress the importance of actually conducting research to understand how people were making use of the forecast, and what changes needed to be to be made.

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Jenniffer Santos-Hernández:  So we

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Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: work through finding funding for the project and ended up getting funding from the natural hazard center call for research in the Us. Territories So this project saw to identify the information sources used by different actors involved in the response process to a disaster emergency in port of Ecos. Specifically, the earthquakes

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Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: in the context in the broader context of the covid pandemic to better understand the perception of different risks, to examine how rich communication products available experience with other extreme events as well as individual characteristics. can inform decisions on protective actions and adjustments and also ultimately to code assigned visualizations that allow government to a non governmental organizations

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Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: to communicate current and future risk. So for this project, we launch a data collection on April of 2,020 first and we finished that data collection in October

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Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: thirty-first of 2,000 twenty-first, and we were able to complete 51 in depth interviews 438, or to do our surveys and 7 focus groups. So a lot of what I'm going to present to work with pretty much everything that we present today. it's comes from that

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Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: data collection. We work in 3 sites in La Perla, in San Juan in India and Madonna in Monica. We shows that those communities pretty much the ones in the Southwest, because of their proximity to the epicenter of the 2,020 earthquakes, and up in a sort of a like a control group to help us understand how perception varied depending on the location in relation to to the earth rates.

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Jenniffer Santos-Hernández:  so I'm gonna go to findings to keep it in the 12 min. So in terms of for his perception. One of the things that we wanted to know was how, where people were of the information that was being provided in terms of the number of positive cases of covid So we asked them if they knew how many cases have been reported in Puerto Rico overall and in their municipality, and, as you can see in the graph most people did not know

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Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: the number of cases at the time of the of the survey This is an issue that emerged in the interviews, and what most people said is that they were really not looking for information on the count of how many positive cases, but really it on this, on information on how the buyers work and what they could do to protect themselves. so this is an important finding in the sense that a lot of funding was spent.

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Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: and putting together dashboards to disseminate all this information. But it was not really what people were seeking for.

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Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: they you look for information about the number of Covid cases in your municipality, and pretty much over 60 in all, in all sites, informed that they never look for information about the number of Covid cases.

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Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: this is another questions that we asked them. We wanted to get a sense of how they perceive different stakeholders that were involved

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Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: in the communication process in the COVID-19 pandemic and this table is particularly revealing, because pretty much what it shows is that the the public perception in terms of who is more knowledgeable about COVID-19 The most knowledgeable source is the media

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Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: followed by agencies are directly related to health and emergency management in Puerto Rico, but then elected officials. the Governor and other if the elected officials

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Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: are regarded as the least knowledgeable. So again I had a presentation earlier in which I was talking a little bit about the legitimacy of the government of Puerto Rico. and this is one of the tables in which we can see how the the the the in government sources. It's really

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Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: not doing well. so we also ask them questions about evacuation if they had to evacuate And you can see a stark difference between folks in Southwest Puerto Rico and folks in some one, because of their proximity. to the epicenters.

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Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: when you evacuated your home, where did you go? And this was also something else that was important or is important most people were into the House of Relatives less than 5 in the Southwest actually went to a shelter. And and you know this is important in terms of how much attention is given to public shelter, and the little support that is given to folks in their in their homes.

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Jenniffer Santos-Hernández:  And you know, I can obviously talk a lot about Why, people shows to go to their home of the relatives. But that's not the focus of the conversation here.

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Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: So how long were they away from their home? So anywhere, from a few hours to people that were still outside of their home at a time when we did the survey.

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Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: Did you try to find more information about the earthquakes? Most people, did not try to find information about the earthquakes. They pretty much responded to it immediately. Those that did try to find information. They went to social media. Local TV was not necessarily a source of the time, because there was also an outage. And you can see that there's a little bit

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Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: more more people looking at for the radio, and and and pretty much social media was access to their cell phones.

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Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: have you heard any forecast about a stronger earthquake that core core in Puerto Rico, specifically thinking about the Usgs forecast for folks tended to have heard about the about the earthquake, about the forecast.

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Jenniffer Santos-Hernández:  Who made that forecast? That was something else that we wanted to know. there was a a

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Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: the name of a psychic emerging here and there, and some religious leaders will still, for the most part, Those that had heard about the forecast heard about it from an from a scientist. have you made any adjustments? As a result of that? forecast, 33% have made some adjustments. Still.

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Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: the vast majority happy. They're not heard of. The forecast or have not made an adjustment. And and there's a whole conversation about that. What we are finding, as we. Further, the analysis is that there is definitely a relationship between

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Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: hearing about the forecast from a scientist and doing something to protect yourself, making an adjustment so that highlights the importance of of the scientists in this communication process.

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Jenniffer Santos-Hernández:  if they've done anything to protect their home, 31% have done something. Those to 70 have not done anything. If their home has been inspected. The vast majority of them have had their home inspected by the emergency management office.

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Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: but not by an engineer or an architect. So another opportunity to something that emerged in community meetings in which they highlighted the need to really learn. What about, you know housing performance, and and how homes failed, or on the earthquake, so that they can actually make adjustments. And this is particularly important in the case of Puerto Rico, because a great deal of of the houses are self-built.

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Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: something else, you know, there's a lot of attention to community whole community planning and for community preparedness. But one of the things that was for pricing to all us is that besides that, this course most residents are not interested in participating

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Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: in a community or exercise, and also to prepare a community response plan So the need, there's a need to really think about community engagement.

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Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: these are some pictures of the focus groups that we held in You know, for this work that we began as part of our work for the natural hazard center call that we are continuing to our our new brand, their vicing voices. Shaming coast convergence, which is a collaboration with has still Indian Nation universities, and a few other folks in Louisiana Hawaii

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Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: in Alaska. So I'm very happy to be able to use this work as the basis to pretty much plan activities that are informed by the needs that residents express in the community meetings that we were able to facilitate. So I'm gonna leave it here. for the sake of time. Thank you very much.

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You've done very, very well.

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Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: You actually finished a minute early. So congratulations! That's good. And you really just want to go to bed, don't you? Because it's some ungodly hour of the morning there?

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Okay, so our final presentator for today, in fact, for the entire conference

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cocoa cocoa University.

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Just

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okay. Let's get rid of the hanging tool.

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Okay, it doesn't.

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Thank you very much.

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Thank you, Rosal. It's my great honor to be here to take a part of decision. My name is Yamamoto. From Tokyo. My presentation is about

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post-diest. Disaster diaspora, pushing out a bacteria, seeking a third way home.

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This paper focuses on social structure that risk evacuates to remain in a state of label taken case of commo baton, which may prefecture one of the areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster in 2,011. Previous studies on evacuees focuses on 2 ways return migration or relocation.

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However, many of the Fukushima evacuates, struggle to seek a third way to postpone the decision to return, maintaining dual lives both in a new crisis, new place and their original form. Legally.

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in a Fukushima case, the Japanese Government encouraged reconstruction of the affected areas with the policy of a return migration. Many evacuates, especially younger people have concerned about the health risks, and his dated to return, while one shows transition of numbers of evacuees in funds.

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The Fukushima nuclear disaster occurred in March 2,011, and the evacuation order was issued to the area along the nuclear power plant in stages.

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In March 2,013, new evacuation designated a designated zones were defined.

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difficult to return zone in pink

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and restricted residents down in orange and evacuation order, cancellation, preparation zone in green

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among the affected areas affected areas. Tomyoka Town is characterized by being divided into those reasons. So tomyogaton is

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 yeah. Sorry about that.

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Currently Toomeyoka town's population is over. 11,000. This population includes over 9,000. Evacuation evacuees. So 81% of its population are evacuous before the new Korean disaster in 2,011. Toomeoka was one of the central towns in the in the west coast of Fukushima. Prefecture.

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at that time prefectual and and administrative offices were in the town. The town attracted the Fukushima di Tiny, second nuclear power plant.

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in the 1970 s. The nuclear power plant was caused the accident in 2,011 is the Fukushima majority, the first one, and it is in Okuma Town and Hutabatown. After building the Fukushima Dahii, the first one, the Fukushima Dini, second one was built in Toomeoka town on the border, with Nanahatown as the second power plant in the region.

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As a result, the power plant stimulated the local economy and new damage. A new demand was created, such as E. Commerce and service industry for nuclear power plant employees

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with a nuclear disaster. The entire town was evacuated, including the Town Hall function. The town staffs moved to neighborhood, to a neighboring city and engaged in an administrative work there

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was the Resident evacuated immediately to all over the country.

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In March 2,013, the town was divided into 3 loans, as mentioned, and the National Government carried out the contamination work with our expectation to further return a future return of residents, especially in evacuation order, cancellation, preparation, zone, and restricted wasting zone.

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In April the twentieth, 17 2,017, the evacuation order has been lifted, except that difficult to return. Zone

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development of new infrastructure, infrastructure and industries. In former evacuation, order, cancellation, preparation, zone, and restricted residence zone has begun

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the remaining area difficult to return. Zone is about 10% of the town region that pink area.

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Tomyoka Town, brought back the municipal function to the original area, and the various kinds of civic services were also back

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in April 2023. This year 46% of the difficult to return zone, or that kink area has been lifted as a specific reconstruction and revitalization area in which the Government Government carried out the contamination work with priority

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today difficult to return zone into Myoka town is only 5.4% of the whole town region.

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 To collect data. sociology groups, including me. There are some interviews to the municipality staff support groups and evacuees from Toyopa Town, and we did. We also did some participant observations

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in terms of keeping evacuation. Most of the evacuities from Toomeo Khan have been keeping their certificate of residents in the town as the Fukushima hypocris. They can get social services and public assistance, as atomic, are recent in the municipalities where they have evacuated to it is based on the act of special measures for nuclear evacuees.

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Evacues have been facing many challenges, such as findings, suitable work, and good education for children.

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Many evacues seemed to have adopted to new lives. However, some felt left behind, and others pretended not to be an evacuees to avoid discrimination.

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The older age groups were eager to return, but the younger groups were not because of fear, fear of radio, active contamination. Some families were forced to live separately and faced conflict.

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You can say that they are in a state of label.

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Here are some words of abacus. I'm not sure if I should return home. I want to go home some day. I want to worry about a radioactive contamination in my hometown.

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The graph 2 shows the transition of numbers of population and the household of Tommyocatown and Graph. 3 shows. Transition of numbers, of residents and evacuities of Toomeokatown.

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After lifting the 2 zones, numbers of residents in the town have been increasing. But many people are still in evacuation.

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In 2,012 evacuate self-help association. Tommy, Ok. Children's future network Tcfn study. Thank you. Started its activity with 100 members.

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They organized their own town meetings across the country from 2,012 to 17. Total. 20 times in in those town meetings. They expressed concern and share experiences as evacuees.

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Some of them have suffered from discrimination in the naval Food, where they moved to the leader of Tcf. And said that the current might of the Fukushima Evacuese had been collectively, correctly understood by the Government or by the public.

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So the the sociologist group, including me have supported Tcfn on their time meetings, and through evacuate voices it is found that they have been frustrated that the sense of deprivation is to be unlikely to understood or supported by the public opinion. Some have suffered from separation of family members, laws of special ties with neighbors and friends.

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Many are not satisfied with the contamination processes process and unable to decide how to leave their own land. Houses and grapes.

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Although not currently live in the town, they have to. They hope to continue to be involved in with hometown in some way. and some want to return regularly and continue to maintain house houses, lands, and graves. There

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our group we categorized a vacuous words in the 8 term meetings in 2,012 uncertain and charted structure of programs faced by the evacuees primary cause, such as anxiety about radioactive contamination and doubts about criteria for a return impact to the dissatisfaction with

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and suspicion of national politics and local government. Those primary cause causes also inference to the actual condition of evacuation, such as loss of community livelihood that existed in the neighborhood, and that relate to decreased willingness to return and uncertainty about the future

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structural, high hindering livelihood. Reconstruction of the evacuees is composed of these 5 points. They lost a foundation of their lives that they have built, and the future that they could have had if the accent had not happened.

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This led to their loss of a place and the community that embodies their daily lives immediately after the accident the public synthesized with them. But that time period did not last long.

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and the public's view to the evacuees became harsher.

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They were unable to make a decision, because they could not determine how long they would be in the current state.

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It was hard to determine what information was correct, especially about a lot of radioactivity.

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They suspected that the reconstruction measures by the national and Prefectual Government were only for economic promotion, not for their benefit.

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They felt this respected and powerless bite.

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Those were interrelated, and the compounded difficult situation of the evacuees.

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Other return migration policy. The national and prefectural government policies have been focused on economic and industrial development in the affected areas of the Fukushima nuclear disaster, however, the evacuees hope to maintain some form

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of environment in the town as a third-way home. Besides existing concerns. the evacues have been still keeping the certificate of residents to Toomeoka town, not moving them to the monasteries where they live now.

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There is no inconvenience without moving certificate of residents, however, it is unclear how long the the special measures for nuclear evacuities continue.

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Many of the evacuities are still feeling, being an evacuation, even though they have lived in another mosquito for over 10 years, and this make them feel like lootless.

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despite their intention to maintain a home. The return migration policy pressure them into giving up

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with lifting of the evacuation order after 2,017, a termination of other iterative services that they have received as evacuated has been discussed

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in terms of Fukushima evacuees the return migration policy has achieved only a certain effect, and now it is focusing on attractive new immigrants

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because of the return migration policy. The vacuum is fear even more disparate. Respected and distrust to the town.

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We can call this situation as a potential diaspora.

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Thank you very much.

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You'd like to see me on the front. There you can do how I you like to join.

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I will just get rid of

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this. See if Jennifer is awake still, Sandra. Still there, I see.

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I'm going to start with a question to all of you. Back in 2,009 we had a major set of bushfires. In Australia 176 people perished during those fires what was known as the Black Saturday Fires, and we had what's called a Royal Commission. So an Australian Independent Commission that has powers to compel answers. It is the highest level of inquiry outside of a judicial court process where we're trying to take somebody and prosecute them.

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The biggest issue that came out of that one of the big issues is about getting information to the public.

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one of the big findings.

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So we've had Jennifer talking about the public. Don't trust

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the officials and are going to the media who in Australia it's the opposite way around. We all distrust the media and go to the officials.

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We've got Paulo talking about not telling them. And then we got the public information. And one of our recorded sessions about trying to preempt

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media went messaging and storing them and having a library of them. How do we get that

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linkage back to the community.

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Start with yourself.

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 terribly sorry.

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and then we'll go to Jennifer, and then we'll go to Paulo.

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So how do we get that trust back between the public, the community, and the officials with that information flow.

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Oh, thank you. Very so. A great question. And that's what the evacuations in Fukushima have been struggling for over 10 years, and

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the

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in terms of radioactive contamination, our date contamination process

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they are. And also I live in Tokyo

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case in the. For myself, including me. The people in Japan are.

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and don't know which information and whose information, from whom can be trusted, so that it's a very difficult question. And we've been discussing for over 10 years. But

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whether

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In terms of to return the government policy, even though the people cannot

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to.

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cannot choose which which information is correct. But the government Push the return migration, or and Reconstruction policy. So we are still

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figuring out how we can choose and trust the the, the

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the information, and I one of the

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the answer I can say now is the collaboration with the academics of social science, field and natural science or engineering.

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it's a more.

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to it not

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to give discussion. Field, or on the opportunities, and even my inspiration stops local multi-party town staff to discuss and

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to clarify what they, what the necessary information for us to get into to solve the

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issues we are facing now. So the

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the

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I think the biggest issue is that we have no place to discuss together or relate to each other.

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So it is not information or knowledge itself.

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What I can say now is, we need a place to discuss

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as and

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as for a table and meet together.

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01:21:42.890 --> 01:21:45.640
Thank you, Jennifer. Your thoughts

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you just need to unmute.

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Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: Yes,

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Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: I think that as sociologists, we, one of the things that we need to remember is that communication is an interaction. and we oftentimes see that process as you need directional, and and therefore the the challenges that we see.

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Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: one of the ways to address The the challenges that we face, I think, is that

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Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: is true inclusion. in in what are often regarded bureaucratic processes. We have creative, very complex bureaucracies that residents often don't understand how to navigate so socializing those processes and socializing free communication pro products before an event can help build those relationships.

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Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: And ultimately, I think that mainstreaming disasters because really risk communication is not a conversation to be held in the aftermath of on a stream event.

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Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: but really a culture that we have to work on and that as we do so we'll be able to build a capacity needed to to face this events and to also facilitate the the transformations and transitions that are needed so that we can achieve a more sustainable. wi-fi

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Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: 6.

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Thank you, Carl. I will go to you, Sandra. You're not going to get away from it, so don't think you're going to avoid it. But for now you just need to use the microphone, please. So it goes to a gift.

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It's very heavy.

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Thanks Russell for the for the question. It's a big question. I don't have the answer. Basically, okay, straight away. I mean by a couple of elements, anyway, not escaping the question. Number one in my system in the system that I've shown at the Se. Image. what I was saying is that citizens are not included in participatory arenas

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for public policy inclusion. But the system does have a way of communicating

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during crisis to the population. For example, TV. messages, radio messages. The realtor system with SMS texting With mobile phones, etc. And they also have brochures beforehand, meaning

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no crisis is happening. They deliver brochures in order for people to know what to do in case of an accident.

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but basically, in Italy there is a paternalistic technocratic system that says citizens are on the opposite end as receivers. We are here as experts, and so we tell them what to do, and it is an emitter last well-style receiver. Unilateral way of communication.

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I think it partially works, probably, but

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I think that the answer to your question would be. ask them.

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ask the people what and how they who want to be informed in which channel? when, how? What media, who's going to deliver? Because that's the way of listening to them and providing them with the proper communication attach.

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And I also say this because in Jennifer's presentation it's really clear, as you mentioned as well, or that media is.

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are very high regarded in terms of communication, and the State government, I think right. is not really credited with a lot of trust. So instead of polling people and say, What's the percentage of trust they have? Ask people, how do you want to be formed? And through which channels, etc., it's probably more coherent. That's probably more democratic.

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Thank you. Australia has just finished the Australian warning system, which is a long process trying to work out how to get information out in a consistent manner for any and all types of emergency. So now it is the same, for whether it be bushfire flood, cyber crisis, anything across there.

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01:26:01.560 --> 01:26:09.340
So that comes to you, Sandra, you've got a new and emerging technology. How are we going to build the trust in that technology with these people.

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Sandra: It means trust by the public and those who demand for the relief. Or do you mean to trust by the responders.

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Sandra: Jennifer, is the

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Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: for you as well. Yeah, I think it's on their end.

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Sandra: Oh, okay.

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Sandra: they can talk to you. So it's definitely right. They're probably hearing, though.

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Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: it's coming up again.

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01:26:58.350 --> 01:26:59.180
Hey? Yeah.

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The whole thing disappeared as soon as I looked across you to answer. Then, Sandra, how are you going to

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trust in these new and emerging technologies.

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01:27:07.540 --> 01:27:16.930
Sandra: Yeah, I I wanted to to ask them in the trust by the public. Or do you mean the trust by the emergency responders, who shall apply the technologies

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both.

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That will take you to give me 2 questions.

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Sandra: But I I think it does a really really complex topics, both as a, as I said in my presentation, as well as there are so many factors that you shall contribute.

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Sandra: But I guess, for example, looking at the trust of the public to to link up the to the discussion before. I think for sure I should not try to force any any technologies.

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01:27:45.720 --> 01:28:09.990
Sandra: in the emergency management. But see, how are the values that are shared? For example, in a given community and then select the the prop technology center functionalities. So, for example, one interview has mentioned or are concerned that, for example, even if we would have a perfect

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01:28:10.100 --> 01:28:22.499
Sandra: support if to to make any decisions by an artificial intelligence, value patterns in our society, for example. And of course, that does differ between different societies.

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01:28:22.510 --> 01:28:43.209
Sandra: our that way, that we want a human to make decisions. So we have to acknowledge which patterns are shared in a given culture and then select our instruments that we we want to apply and not not for it, and try to. yeah, try to foster this acceptance.

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Sandra: You know what I mean.

472
01:28:45.130 --> 01:28:46.440
Yes, thank you.

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Sandra: It's one.

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01:28:49.300 --> 01:28:49.990
Yep.

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01:28:50.130 --> 01:28:58.169
So the participants here. Have you got any questions you wish to ask to our online participants or those seed at the table? If so, if you just come forward and

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01:28:59.020 --> 01:29:00.560
use this microphone.

477
01:29:07.500 --> 01:29:14.110
Thank you. Everyone. I really enjoyed the presentations this afternoon. It's been very enlightening for me.

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I am fairly new to this area of research. My background is in

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making sense of migrant experiences and transnational family and community experiences. But I've been drawn to this session because one of the significant issues that emerged in Australia, and I'm here at La Trobe University in Melbourne.

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One of the significant issues in Australia recently has been the lack of appropriate communications for people from diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds. during emergencies. So during the recent bushfires, the floods during COVID-19,

481
01:29:51.840 --> 01:29:57.290
the people who consistently get left behind are those who don't speak the same language.

482
01:29:57.390 --> 01:30:06.229
or who have different cultural assumptions about what an emergency looks like. And as I've been investigating this topic because it's

483
01:30:06.550 --> 01:30:13.479
it's become a real focus for me. I've been really struck by how. It's not just

484
01:30:14.170 --> 01:30:32.590
people from migrant and refugee backgrounds who face this cultural and linguistic problem. It's something that emerged in Jennifer's paper that often the information that's being sent out by emergency authorities is in a language and a format that's actually not that relevant to the people who

485
01:30:32.670 --> 01:30:45.869
need to be receiving the information. Who, you know, then emergency authorities might get frustrated because people aren't responding in the right way. But actually, they haven't been communicating the relevant information for those people to respond in the right way.

486
01:30:45.970 --> 01:30:51.380
So this is all a roundabout way of sort of getting to my question, which is

487
01:30:51.560 --> 01:30:58.129
to ask for your reflections on what are some of the obstacles to

488
01:30:58.200 --> 01:31:07.850
an appreciation of cultural homogeneity within emergency services and cultural diversity within the population?

489
01:31:07.920 --> 01:31:23.949
because it seems to me that there's a bit of an obstacle there, and this is a set of assumptions that I'm making, but I get the impression that the people running emergency services may actually be fairly homogeneous, that they might be from similar

490
01:31:24.120 --> 01:31:41.039
class ethnic gender. Even backgrounds, whereas the populations they're servicing are obviously incredibly diverse. and I'd like your reflections. And what are the obstacles to having a bit more dialogue across those 2 social categories? Thank you.

491
01:31:41.560 --> 01:31:42.950
So who's going to start

492
01:31:47.410 --> 01:31:49.790
Yup for it?

493
01:31:50.280 --> 01:32:00.470
So probably probably the less entitled to answer to your question because there is a little diversity in the Benito region in general, and

494
01:32:00.480 --> 01:32:16.319
probably one of the things they did in order to address the problem of diversity. The problem of the issue is that they found out that the workers of the Porto-megera plants are increasingly from diverse origin.

495
01:32:16.930 --> 01:32:23.050
less and less local people, many other people from many other countries.

496
01:32:23.320 --> 01:32:28.369
and the way they address the issue was simply to translate the brochures.

497
01:32:28.440 --> 01:32:34.780
leaflets, into 11 languages, and for them for institutions. That was it.

498
01:32:35.120 --> 01:32:59.010
So I think it's a way of saying things. Another way would be, I think, as they as they do in Toulouse, where there was a massive explosion that killed 30 people in 2,001 September 21. Where they made a private public foundation about what they called the culture of safety.

499
01:32:59.090 --> 01:33:11.460
culture of industrial safety, and they think, I guess, that the most important way of communicating people is not during crisis or after, but before

500
01:33:11.580 --> 01:33:15.420
and How they would do this!

501
01:33:15.520 --> 01:33:23.080
I think they would build a culture of safety, involving, for example, lectures in school at many different levels.

502
01:33:23.310 --> 01:33:33.640
having ground tables and spreading in peacetime in ordinary conditions of operational plants

503
01:33:34.480 --> 01:33:35.530
information.

504
01:33:35.720 --> 01:33:43.129
And this applies not only to the local people, but to everybody. And I think

505
01:33:43.130 --> 01:34:08.909
that's a fair point is to say that everybody is new, basically to catastrophe. Sometimes because it happens when you don't want to or where you don't do not know. So I don't think it's a lot as lot to do about diversity and origin. Possibly. Yes, culture, language, etc. But it is a real problem for local people as well.

506
01:34:09.510 --> 01:34:16.970
Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: thank you, Jennifer. You've got your hand up there.

507
01:34:17.520 --> 01:34:46.039
Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: What we're seeing in port of vehicle in terms of the recovery process that it's you know, not exceptional, but what we see in many places as as we engage in a recovery process, we really tap on all the different organizations agencies in our government structure. but we really do that in a reactive way, and we fail to really integrate them as we prepare.

508
01:34:46.040 --> 01:35:07.139
Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: really, tap on on the challenge of of communicating with the public. it's it's really understanding also. responders, I think that we we sort of generalize when we when we make assumptions of responders. But there's a lot of differences in terms of access to resources

509
01:35:07.140 --> 01:35:33.020
Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: by responders that that pretty much informs how they're able to facilitate this processes. So so first of all, that that focus on the organizational level but then from a more a bottom up perspective. you know, the focus on on understanding what people are really looking for instead of of just

510
01:35:33.020 --> 01:35:41.319
Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: providing information. And I think that lastly, you know, I think that when we talk about language we we we're not really just talking about

511
01:35:42.490 --> 01:35:53.220
Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: whether people speak English or whatever it is that they speak. We're really talking about navigational tools. And I think that in that sense I have to highlight

512
01:35:53.220 --> 01:36:19.399
Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: the importance of facilitating or or dealing with those language issues from a local level perspective. There's a lot of Ngos, for example, that converge after events and support or help residents fill out forms and and do some of that process of applying for assistance. But ultimately people themselves don't know how to navigate that process. So when this organizations leads.

513
01:36:19.400 --> 01:36:46.369
Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: And the recovery process, you know, starts happening, people really can't follow up with their application. They really don't know where they applied or what they apply to. So again, thinking about language more as navigational tools and and how people from both positions, from a responder perspective and from a citizen perspective navigate this this situation.

514
01:36:46.770 --> 01:36:49.420
Thank you. I hope you get something to it first.

515
01:36:49.590 --> 01:37:07.040
Bisa. Oh, thank you for questions. Great question. Besides, nuclear evacuation but not we have in Japan. in Japan, general, we have many natural disaster. Often so.

516
01:37:07.300 --> 01:37:25.389
and we have an increasing numbers of new immigrants from other countries. And so it's a very the current topic. And what we do now is to encourage our local leaders

517
01:37:25.500 --> 01:37:50.989
to learn experiences and and Norris to how to do in the case of the natural disaster happen, and also to encourage local community or ethnic groups, so

518
01:37:51.140 --> 01:38:09.789
should not for them to give the useful information to their own community, and also in schools and naval food. We often do a evacuation exercise.

519
01:38:09.950 --> 01:38:15.490
So that kind of experience is very important, I think.

520
01:38:15.740 --> 01:38:22.849
Thank you. Thank you. Time for one more question. If anybody's got one. Otherwise people get an early minute.

521
01:38:22.870 --> 01:38:27.130
No, that's it. That's in the early minutes his fault.

522
01:38:28.210 --> 01:39:00.510
 I was in Japan when I was a kid, so I can speak to that. The exercise, as we do in the school that's really helpful, and like. Put the the families, my parents and the schools together, and we know we're on the same boat and know those. But anyways, so I have a question for Yamamoto song. So you talked about discrimination for the and can you elaborate a little bit on that? And you also talk about the public support switched from support to criticism.

523
01:39:00.530 --> 01:39:02.270
So

524
01:39:02.870 --> 01:39:14.840
to criticize them or don't really support them anymore. The evacuees, the human. Yeah, from the public. So can you talk a little bit on those. Thank you.

525
01:39:16.940 --> 01:39:18.719
Thank you.

526
01:39:19.240 --> 01:39:36.209
 As I mentioned the first beginning of the nuclear disaster, the whole country very synthesized to the evacues that

527
01:39:36.240 --> 01:39:42.410
mainly because the compensation money. Very.

528
01:39:43.250 --> 01:39:48.130
Some people became just

529
01:39:48.390 --> 01:40:01.419
to the evacuees, and it's a lumen. It was illumined that some episodes had

530
01:40:01.760 --> 01:40:06.470
did nothing but just play.

531
01:40:06.520 --> 01:40:09.079
go and play land and

532
01:40:09.110 --> 01:40:14.560
and to spend the

533
01:40:14.980 --> 01:40:27.819
compensation money based from tax for the wages is not true, but that kind of jazz began to

534
01:40:27.930 --> 01:40:31.340
changes to discrimination.

535
01:40:31.600 --> 01:40:39.500
Yes, and in terms of the public support.

536
01:40:40.090 --> 01:40:42.800
 because it's

537
01:40:43.210 --> 01:40:44.030
that

538
01:40:44.700 --> 01:40:54.010
the accent happened over 10 years ago, and we have another natural disaster.

539
01:40:54.080 --> 01:40:58.089
besides a Christian manufacturing accent.

540
01:40:58.140 --> 01:41:01.830
And so so

541
01:41:02.230 --> 01:41:04.859
People in general!

542
01:41:05.360 --> 01:41:17.460
And also mass media changed their attitude, and I can say, forget the but

543
01:41:17.580 --> 01:41:19.860
and also

544
01:41:20.190 --> 01:41:22.839
actually,

545
01:41:23.350 --> 01:41:28.959
that one of the reasons of

546
01:41:29.290 --> 01:41:36.980
Jersey became that the fact which I mentioned

547
01:41:37.040 --> 01:41:38.240
the yeah

548
01:41:38.370 --> 01:41:43.650
 the affected area itself

549
01:41:44.260 --> 01:42:12.469
invite to the nuclear power plant, as in 1,900 seventys. So some people outside Fuhima that they their own fault. But it's not true, but that kind of illumers and jersey is happened after one and 2 years after the

550
01:42:12.830 --> 01:42:15.209
the accent. Yeah.

551
01:42:15.300 --> 01:42:28.749
thank you. So finish off at a round table 1 min each from each of our presenters, starting with Sandra. Just any final comments, or anything that you wish to put forward to. The people. Here will go Sandra and Jennifer. Then to those here in person, Sandra.

552
01:42:30.740 --> 01:42:46.470
Sandra: just thank you for organizing the panel. I wish I would be there. And yeah, I hope we can can have more research in the future that examines the barriers that are related to integration of techniques. And

553
01:42:46.550 --> 01:42:48.540
Sandra: yeah, I think that's all.

554
01:42:48.740 --> 01:42:51.309
Thank you, Jennifer, anything to add?

555
01:42:51.790 --> 01:43:01.539
Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: Not much. So then you know the the main theme that has emerged from all this conversations and from all the presentations, is to listen to what people are saying.

556
01:43:01.560 --> 01:43:04.539
Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: so I think that that's the takeaway.

557
01:43:05.270 --> 01:43:11.970
Thank you. And you can go to bed soon at the head table here. I think it's 10'clock in the morning, 1 30 in the morning for you, Jennifer.

558
01:43:12.020 --> 01:43:13.490
Jenniffer Santos-Hernández: 2, 13.

559
01:43:13.540 --> 01:43:14.790
Good thanks.

560
01:43:16.980 --> 01:43:20.629
Oh, thank you, thank you for everyone.

561
01:43:20.870 --> 01:43:30.890
It's very astonishing for me to talk about these issues

562
01:43:31.210 --> 01:43:40.790
same topics as I I didn't expect, but I could learn many things from this session. Thank you so much

563
01:43:41.410 --> 01:43:43.529
the last one. Okay.

564
01:43:45.060 --> 01:44:08.830
a lot of pressure on me. I don't deserve this. No, I'm glad it's the first time that I speak at the very possible last possible moment of a conference. So did many conference over the last years, and it was on on Wednesday, not on the Saturday, so I hope to be clear on this. I have 1 point, I think.

565
01:44:08.870 --> 01:44:25.130
 when it comes down to disasters, I think we have to bear in mind that all technology, all the devices, etc., are designed basically for the people.

566
01:44:25.340 --> 01:44:28.660
for the citizens, for the communities. So

567
01:44:28.709 --> 01:44:42.680
to me it is really important, since such devices and systems are financed by citizens to go towards them. Okay, not just to think that you know what they think.

568
01:44:42.690 --> 01:45:00.660
Okay, I found this many, many times over and over again, and it is a question that I raised in research, in the thematic group. 0 4 on sociology and uncertainty. And it is the problem I raised here as well about technocracy.

569
01:45:00.700 --> 01:45:08.770
the politicization and democracy. And I think it still makes sense for us to ask ourselves.

570
01:45:09.070 --> 01:45:35.179
These systems are more or less for performing well, Or perhaps they are not. But what about their legitimacy? How have they been built? And upon which, legitimacy from the people. I still think that the democracy legitimacy question is still,

571
01:45:35.430 --> 01:45:41.970
making sense nowadays. And it is really something that's worth asking ourselves.

572
01:45:42.440 --> 01:45:43.540
So

573
01:45:43.549 --> 01:45:52.940
how about technocracy and democracy in in disaster and crisis prevention and implementations of public policy? Thank you.

574
01:45:57.480 --> 01:45:58.350
The

575
01:45:58.500 --> 01:46:01.850
right.

576
01:46:02.469 --> 01:46:19.829
So thank you all for coming today. That's the end of this session for those that have visited Australia. Thank you for making the effort. I hope you have a chance to See some more before you go, and you can always get notes from demand on how good bed you might taste, and on that note

577
01:46:19.950 --> 01:46:21.940
we'll leave you with it. Thank you.